Ever wondered what goes into a vaccine? How it’s tested? Why it takes up to 15 years to get one off the shelves and into the people that need it? We’re here with all the answers you could possible need, and some you definitely don’t...

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References and Further Reading 1. https://www.britannica.com/science/antigen 2. https://www.britannica.com/science/antibody 3. https://www.britannica.com/science/T-cell 4. https://www.britannica.com/science/B-cell

britannica.com/science/immune-system/The-nature-of-lymphocytes 5. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6102609/ 6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781455700905000185 7. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/mosquito-borne-disease-vaccine-safe 8. https://www.cdc.gov/flu/prevent/how-fluvaccine-made.htm 9. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/parents/why-vaccinate/vaccine-decision.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fvaccines%2Fparents%2Fvaccine-decision%2Findex.html 10. https://www.immunology.org/celebrate-vaccines/public-engagement/guide-childhood-vaccinations/how-vaccines-work 11. https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/basics/test-approve.html 12. https://www.who.int/influenza/resources/publications/WHO_OHE_PED_GIP_2016_1_Annex_2.pdf?ua=1 13. http://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/vaccine-development# 14. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/coronavirus-covid-19/research/coronavirus-vaccine-research/ 15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6156540/ 16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4944327/ 17. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/vaccine-development 18. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5792371/ 19. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6238075/ 20. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5906799/

cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/pinkbook/downloads/prinvac.pdf 21. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/research/vaccine-types

who.int/vaccine_safety/initiative/tech_support/Part-2.pdf 22. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/vaccinations/why-vaccination-is-safe-and-important/ 23. https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1 24. https://www.who.int/news-room/q-a-detail/vaccines-and-immunization-what-is-vaccination 25. http://vk.ovg.ox.ac.uk/vk/how-do-vaccines-work 26. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/the-immune-system#:~:text=The%20immune%20system%20protects%20your,which%20you%20are%20born%20with. 27. https://www.niaid.nih.gov/news-events/mosquito-borne-disease-vaccine-safe 28. https://www.pfizer.co.uk/behind-science-what-mrna-vaccine 29. https://www.nature.com/articles/nrd.2017.243 30. https://www.historyofvaccines.org/index.php/content/articles/vaccine-development-testing-and-regulation 31. https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/articles/znf3c7h 32. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164579/ 33. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/529892/how-are-vaccines-made

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