Chapter 21 Class Notes Travelers Marco Polo 1253 -1324 Ibn Battuta 1326-1346

Trade-Diplomacy -Missionary Imulse Technology Exchange

Trade Cities Khanbaliq, Hongzhou, Quangzo, Melaka Cambay, Samarkand, Constantinople Hormuz, Bagdhad, Venice

Characteristic: Strategic Location Maintain Order Resist Heavy Taxation

Exchange Magnetic Compas, Cotton to Africa Sugarcane Gunpowder (Golden Horde-Russia) Beubonic Plague, economic contraction

Ming Dynasty Hongwu: increase Confucian civil service Mandarins as scholar officials Eunichs as Imperial Court Rebuild irrigation system Re-invigorate manufacturing

Yongle: resinicization Yongle encyclopedia Cultural Traditions

Europe Increase trade = increase taxation =standing armies Italian City States strengthen Hundred Years war Creates identity for France & England

Direct taxation =Monarchies

Spain Isabella & Ferdinand Reconquista Support exploration

Explorers China: Zheng He treasure ships

Portugeuses: Henry The Navigator Navigation school of ship captains, builders, silors and cartographers Dias: 1488 Columbus 1492 Da Gama 1497

Renaissance Sculpture – Painter- Architect

Humanism Emotion in paintings More realistic paintings and musculature sculptures Revisit Cicero – private Chritian and yet Public service

Reconciles Christianity Urban and Commercial centers require this modification to Christianity Allows the development of private property – profit gaining – business ventures by low or middle class Profits don’t necessarily go to Feudal King or Monarc