In the final chapter of Jonah, we see Jonah’s irrational anger and God’s upside-down grace on display. Jonah is irrationally angery at God and he reveals the reason why he didn’t want to go to Nineveh in the first place: because he knew God to be gracious and loving—even to the point of saving the great enemies of Israel. This is what irrational, sinful anger does: it turns the upside-down grace of God into a negative. In Jonah 4, God’s lesson to Jonah and to us is that in his grace, he has every right to show mercy on who he wishes—even when we don’t think they deserve it. Human life is a gift from God, even the lives of our enemies. And it is the nature of God’s upside-down grace that save the lives those who were once enemies to him, like Nineveh, like you and me.