The Hate Crimes Working Group says it is unsettling that hate crimes continue to be perpetuated by communities and those in institutions that should be helping them. This information is contained in a five-year report by the organisation. It says NGOs and other organisations are playing a vital role in sheltering the vulnerable. For more on this we are joined on the line by Research Professor at Unisa Juan Nel who is also lead researcher in the Steering Committee of the National Working Group.