Jonah is not happy. He is, repeatedly described as ‘angry’ in this chapter. The final chapter in this story reveals the motive of Jonah’s initial disobedience. Once again, Jonah prays (following the pattern of call, repentance, prayer from Chapters 1 & 2). His prayer reveals that he knows the gracious and loving (hesed) heart of God and did not want this extended to the Ninevites. Once again, Jonah is suicidal - ‘angry enough to die’. In this chapter we see the phrase ‘God appointed’ used again repeatedly. The plant is used to contrast Jonah’s grief with God’s. Jonah’s anger is self-serving. God’s is other serving. The repeated word is ‘pity’. There are strong echoes here of the older brother in Jesus’ parable of the Lost Son.