Aortic insufficiency (AI) or regurgitation (AR) may be acute or chronic in nature. Infective endocarditis involving the aortic valve, trauma to the aortic valve and acute aortic dissection are well-described causes of acute AR. The etiologies of chronic AR include connective tissue diseases such as Marfan syndrome and Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, bicuspid aortic valve, and other […]