Definition Diagnosis: Low cardiac output in the context of adequate filling pressures Treatment: Usually, LV dysfunction is amenable to inotropic therapy or combination therapy with positive inotropic and vasodilator agents to optimize cardiac output. Sympathomimetic amines (i.e., catecholamines such as epinephrine, norepinephrine, dopamine, and dobutamine) and phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e.g., milrinone) are commonly used as first-line therapy. Milrinone, […]