Left Ventricular Preload According to Kaplan, preload is technically defined as ventricular wall stress at end-diastole [Kaplan JA, ed. Essentials of Cardiac Anesthesia. Saunders, 2008 p 60; however, ventricular volume at end-diastole may be a more clinically useful definition – first, it is more easily measured (by echocardiography) and second, it is the geometrical configuration of […]