Right Ventricular Afterload The pulmonary artery contains alpha2 (and may contain alpha1) receptors [Troncy E et al. Br J Anaesth 79: 631, 1997; Blaise G et al. Anesthesiology 99: 1415, 2003] Left Ventricular Afterload Left ventricular afterload is most commonly defined as either left ventricular wall stress during systole (which, by Laplace’s law, is equal […]