When we look back on the 20th century from the perspective of the 21st, we see that there are immense lacunae, canyons of omissions, in our stories about art and literature. One lacuna is comic books, and the many forms they have helped to bring into being, like graphic novels. A second, which I do not discuss in this episode, but hope to do in a later one soon, is cartoons, and therefore the innovations of Walt Disney and what this had led to in masterpieces of film like Wall-E, or Up, or the Toy Story movies. Graphic novels have come of age in the same way in which animation has - thing of Wes Anderson's Fantastic Mr. Fox, or the short films of Nikki Lindroth Von Bahr, which we discussed in an earlier episode of the podcast. Therefore any account of the 20th century art and literature from the perspective of the 21st has to take into account the innovations by artists and thinkers and innovators and inventors like Stan Lee, Will Eisner, and Walt Disney, all through of whom were visionaries with enormously sophisticated and fascinating ideas about technology, and communication, and story, and art, and design; and if we can think about their own work - and in this podcast we focus on comic books, and their relationships to other art forms like music, film, and painting, all of which figure in really important ways in the works of Lee, or Eisner, or Disney - than we can have a nuanced, valenced, scientific-artistic account of art and literature than is true to the spirit of William Blake and to the hybrid formations of the 21st century.