Coming out of 2022, the catchphrase of the Q4 earnings reports from the hyperscalers was "customer workload optimization". This referred to the process by enterprise customers of scrubbing their cloud infrastructure bills for savings. This exercise introduced a headwind to revenue growth, offsetting the positive impact of new customer cloud migration projects and digital transformation efforts. This effect drove deceleration in Q4 revenue growth rates for AWS, Microsoft Azure and GCP.

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