tRNA or transfer RNA is a type of RNA, which helps in the synthesis of protein from mRNA. tRNA functions as an adapter molecule during the translation process.It was earlier known as soluble RNA or sRNA. As an adapter, it links the amino acids to nucleic acids. It carries the amino acid to be added in the peptide chain and also deciphers the codon for the same in the mRNA molecule.The tRNAs are generally 76-90 nucleotides long. Each amino acid has specific tRNAs. Stop codons are not recognised by any tRNAs. The secondary structure of tRNA looks like a clover leaf and tertiary structure is like an inverted ‘L’ shape. The folded structure is formed due to hydrogen bonding between complementary bases.

Transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) is a type of RNA molecule that helps decode a messenger RNA (mRNA) sequence into a protein. tRNAs function at specific sites in the ribosome during translation, which is a process that synthesizes a protein from an mRNA molecule. Proteins are built from smaller units called amino acids, which are specified by three-nucleotide mRNA sequences called codons. Each codon represents a particular amino acid, and each codon is recognized by a specific tRNA. The tRNA molecule has a distinctive folded structure with three hairpin loops that form the shape of a three-leafed clover. One of these hairpin loops contains a sequence called the anticodon, which can recognize and decode an mRNA codon. Each tRNA has its corresponding amino acid attached to its end. When a tRNA recognizes and binds to its corresponding codon in the ribosome, the tRNA transfers the appropriate amino acid to the end of the growing amino acid chain. Then the tRNAs and ribosome continue to decode the mRNA molecule until the entire sequence is translated into a protein.