Talk to Al Jazeera: Recent Episodes
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Canadian Foreign Minister Anita Anand discusses whether Canada can still depend on the United States - as well as defence spending, Arctic security, Gaza, Iran, China, India, and Canada’s push to diversify trade beyond the US.
As tensions between Iran, Israel and the United States remain unresolved, Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan tells Talk to Al Jazeera how Ankara views the risks of escalation, Gulf security, and Turkiye’s growing geopolitical role. From diplomacy and defence to regional influence, he explains where Turkiye stands in a rapidly shifting region.
As fighting pauses in the United States–Israel war on Iran, military strategist Bryan Clark tells Talk to Al Jazeera that Washington’s goals have kept shifting, from regime change to claims of success. He argues that the US escalated too far too fast, fell into an “escalation trap”, and may have left Iran with its most powerful lever yet: the threat of disrupting the Strait of Hormuz.
In his first sit-down interview with Al Jazeera since taking office, New York City Mayor Zohran Mamdani reflects on his first 100 days in office. He discusses childcare, housing costs, taxing the wealthy, relations with the US president, opposition to the war on Iran, rising anti-Muslim bigotry, and what Democrats are missing in their appeal to working-class voters. Subscribe to our channel: http://bit.ly/AJSubscribe Follow us on X : https://twitter.com/AJEnglish Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aljazeera Check our website: http://www.aljazeera.com/ Check out our Instagram page: https://www.instagram.com/aljazeeraenglish/ Download AJE Mobile App: https://aje.news/AJEMobile
As the United States-Israel war on Iran deepens, conflict scholar David Keen examines why some wars persist without a clear victory. He argues that war can serve political control, economic interests and systems of power that outlive the battlefield. From sanctions and smuggling to military spending and useful enemies, Keen explains how conflict can become functional and why making peace more attractive than war is often the real challenge.
Iran's Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi tells Talk to Al Jazeera that Iran is not negotiating with the United States, despite ongoing exchanges of messages, including direct communication from US envoy Steve Witkoff. Araghchi says talks lack trust, adding that no response has been given to US proposals, and that there is no basis for negotiations. Araghchi outlines Iran's conditions for ending the war, warns against threats and deadlines, and signals a readiness to continue defending the country as regional tensions escalate. Subscribe to our channel: http://bit.ly/AJSubscribe Follow us on X : https://twitter.com/AJEnglish Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aljazeera Check our website: http://www.aljazeera.com/ Check out our Instagram page: https://www.instagram.com/aljazeeraenglish/ Download AJE Mobile App: https://aje.news/AJEMobile
Cuba is facing widespread blackouts as United States sanctions restrict fuel supplies, crippling the island's energy system and economy. In this episode of Talk to Al Jazeera, Deputy Foreign Minister Josefina Vidal Ferreiro defends Cuba's position, rejects US pressure, and warns of growing humanitarian consequences. She also responds to US President Donald Trump's remarks suggesting Cuba could be targeted next after Iran. As tensions rise, Vidal insists that Cuba will resist while calling for dialogue, raising questions about how far this confrontation could go.
Iranian Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi tells Talk to Al Jazeera that the United States is responsible for the war engulfing the region. He denies targeting civilians, defends Iran’s retaliation, and warns that the US military presence across the Gulf makes escalation unavoidable. Araghchi also signals possible new rules for navigation through the Strait of Hormuz, while rejecting a ceasefire in favour of a permanent end to the war.
Jan Egeland, secretary-general of the Norwegian Refugee Council, warns that the United States-Israel war on Iran is driving mass displacement and pushing humanitarian systems towards collapse. Speaking to Talk to Al Jazeera, he says that civilians across Iran, Lebanon, Gaza and Sudan are paying the price of escalating conflict, that aid is dangerously overstretched, and that international humanitarian law is being eroded as the region faces an expanding crisis.
Qatar’s Minister of State for Foreign Affairs, Mohammed bin Abdulaziz Al Khulaifi, speaks to Talk to Al Jazeera as the Gulf faces its most dangerous escalation in years. After Qatar itself came under drone and missile attacks, Al Khulaifi condemns Iran’s aggression, warns that attacks on energy infrastructure threaten global markets, and argues that Gulf security is inseparable from global stability. Despite rising tensions, he insists diplomacy remains the only path to a lasting solution and says Qatar will continue pushing for negotiations to prevent a wider war.
ElevenLabs can generate lifelike voices from a short sample, including a clone of Al Jazeera anchor Neave Barker. CEO and cofounder Mati Staniszewski tells Talk to Al Jazeera how voice AI could transform dubbing, education and accessibility, helping people who have lost speech. But the technology can be abused: for fraud, disinformation and psychological operations. From safety measures and detection to partnerships with governments, including Ukraine’s push towards an “agentic state”, the interview asks the core question: when your voice becomes software, who controls it, and what rights are left?
As nuclear tensions rise worldwide and the war in Ukraine reshapes global security, Rafael Grossi stands at the centre of the world’s most dangerous calculations. The director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency discusses the risks of escalation, the limits of diplomacy and the credibility of nuclear oversight. Now a declared candidate for United Nations secretary-general, Grossi also addresses calls to reform what critics describe as a weakened institution. Can the UN still prevent conflict, or is the global order fragmenting beyond repair?
Hasan Piker has built one of the largest online political audiences, reaching millions without newsroom oversight or traditional editorial constraints. In this episode of Talk to Al Jazeera, the influential streamer reflects on bias, accountability, wealth, bans and the blurred line between journalism and digital influence. As algorithms replace editors and engagement supplants verification, we examine who shapes political narratives in the age of streaming and what responsibilities accompany that power.
President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud responds to Israel’s recognition of Somaliland - a self-governing Somali territory, allegations of a possible Israeli military presence near the Red Sea and shifting power dynamics in the Horn of Africa. He addresses criticism by the United States as well as President Donald Trump’s remarks on Somalia, growing ties with regional allies and fears of wider instability as tensions rise between Israel, Iran and their rivals. At home, Mohamud faces pressing questions over security, human rights, media freedom and whether he will seek a third term ahead of crucial elections.
Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan warns that attacking Iran would be wrong and says Tehran is ready to return to negotiations. He urges a step-by-step diplomatic approach and cautions against escalation. Fidan also discusses Turkiye’s position on the future of regional and global security cooperation and the role it can play as the post-World War II order fractures and trust between states erodes.
In this episode of Talk to Al Jazeera, American philosopher and activist Cornel West delivers a searing critique of the United States, describing what he sees as moral collapse, democratic decay and spiritual bankruptcy. Drawing on the Black freedom struggle and his own run in the 2024 presidential election, West argues that both major parties serve entrenched power while inequality deepens at home and war crimes are enabled abroad. From Gaza to Harlem, he asks whether love, dignity and justice can still form the basis of meaningful political resistance.
As wars intensify and donor funding dries up, the global humanitarian system is under unprecedented strain. Jagan Chapagain, secretary-general of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, warns that life-saving operations are being scaled back just as needs explode from Gaza and Sudan to Ukraine and climate-driven disasters worldwide. He addresses United States and European aid cuts, attacks on humanitarian workers, the erosion of international law, and whether neutrality and protection still mean anything in today’s conflicts.
Since the United States abducted Venezuelan President Nicolas Maduro, accusing him of "narcoterrorism", Colombia has found itself under growing pressure from Washington. President Gustavo Petro responds to President Donald Trump’s accusations. The Colombian leader also addresses diplomacy vs confrontation, regional sovereignty and whether Latin America is entering a dangerous new chapter.
The United States is reviving a policy first set out in the 1800s that treats Latin America as its strategic sphere of influence. As Washington expands maritime operations in the Caribbean and eastern Pacific, critics warn of legal violations and rising regional instability. Uruguay’s Foreign Minister Mario Lubetkin joins Talk to Al Jazeera to discuss US strikes, Venezuela, migration pressures, and China’s growing role in the region — and whether diplomacy can still prevent escalation in a hemisphere shaped once again by power politics.
Colombia’s Defence Minister Pedro Sanchez speaks to Talk to Al Jazeera as tensions between the United States and Venezuela escalate. With Washington deploying additional military assets to the Caribbean, Colombia finds itself on the front line of a widening regional standoff. Sanchez discusses the pressure this places on President Gustavo Petro’s “Total Peace” strategy, the surge in armed groups, and the country’s fight against drug trafficking. He warns that any further confrontation could trigger new migration flows, empower criminal networks, and jeopardise Colombia’s fragile security gains.
Finland’s Foreign Minister Elina Valtonen speaks to Talk to Al Jazeera about the prospects for a Russia-Ukraine peace deal, whether Trump can bring Putin and Zelenskyy to the negotiating table, and why Europe insists on clear red lines. From frozen Russian assets to NATO deterrence and Finland’s unique position as a NATO member sharing a long border with Russia, Valtonen explains what a realistic settlement would require, and why she believes Moscow is still not interested in genuine peace.
South Africa’s foreign minister Ronald Lamola speaks to Talk to Al Jazeera about the mysterious arrival of a flight carrying Palestinians, why authorities were blindsided, and what the incident reveals about the networks moving people out of Gaza. He also discusses South Africa’s genocide case against Israel at the International Court of Justice, the country’s G20 summit, and how Pretoria sees its role in a rapidly shifting global order shaped by conflict, diplomatic pressure and competing visions of justice.
The Democratic Republic of the Congo’s foreign minister tells Al Jazeera that Rwanda’s actions on the ground cast doubt on its commitment to a peace process aimed at ending decades of conflict in eastern Congo. Therese Kayikwamba Wagner says a planned presidential meeting remains stalled, with foreign troops still on Congolese territory and abuses continuing despite diplomatic efforts. She argues that meaningful progress depends on real leverage from international facilitators, the United States, Qatar and regional partners, to hold both sides accountable and push the process toward a credible, lasting agreement.
For the first time since Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, a NATO member has formally invoked Article 4 of the alliance's founding treaty after a major airspace breach. Estonian Foreign Minister Margus Tsahkna tells Talk to Al Jazeera why repeated Russian provocations are more than isolated incidents - they’re a test of NATO’s credibility. As United States President Donald Trump questions the value of collective defence, Tsahkna warns that Europe’s security consensus is fraying and hesitation could invite danger.
Maria Corina Machado, Venezuela's opposition leader and now Nobel Peace Prize laureate, speaks from hiding about the cost of resistance and the hope driving millions demanding democracy. Barred from elections and under threat of arrest, she discusses the country's deepening crisis, where nearly eight million Venezuelans have fled, and the challenge of confronting a system that has survived sanctions, protests, and global isolation. In this in-depth interview, Machado reflects on her fight for democracy.
In a shifting world order, New Zealand's foreign policy faces new tests, from Gaza to the Pacific. Foreign Minister Winston Peters speaks to Talk to Al Jazeera about why his government has stopped short of recognising a Palestinian state, how small nations can stay neutral amid the United States-China rivalry, and whether multilateralism still protects the weak from the will of the powerful.
As Syria turns the page after Bashar al-Assad's fall, the transitional government promises justice, truth, and rule of law. In his first interview since taking office, Justice Minister Mazhar al-Wais tells Talk to Al Jazeera how his ministry preserved the regime's court archives from destruction and plans to prosecute crimes from the war years. But critics say the process is too narrow, focused only on Assad-era abuses, while violence and sectarian reprisals create new victims still awaiting accountability. Can post-war Syria deliver real justice?
Dutch Prime Minister Dick Schoof joins Talk to Al Jazeera at a pivotal moment for Europe and the Middle East. After his coalition collapsed, he reflects on leading the Netherlands through crises at home and abroad. From the war in Gaza and sanctions on Israel to NATO, migration and United States President Donald Trump’s stance on Ukraine, Schoof gives rare insight into how the Netherlands navigates global fault lines. A politically unaffiliated leader and former intelligence chief, he speaks candidly about power, justice and Europe’s future.
Nearly two years into Israel’s war on Gaza, a United Nations fact-finding mission has delivered its most damning verdict yet: genocide. Navi Pillay, chairwoman of the UN Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, says Israeli leaders’ statements and the destruction on the ground prove intent. Speaking to Hashem Ahelbarra in Geneva, she explains the commission’s findings, what legal consequences Israel could face and what must happen next. As famine sets in and civilian casualties mount, Pillay outlines why this report could mark a turning point in international accountability - and whether the UN will be able to act on its own conclusions.
In the wake of Israel's unprecedented strike on Qatari soil, Muslim leaders are weighing their response. Pakistan, the Islamic world's only nuclear power, warns that words alone will not deter further aggression. Deputy Prime Minister and Foreign Minister Mohammad Ishaq Dar tells Talk to Al Jazeera that Pakistan, as part of the Ummah or global community of Muslim believers, "will discharge its duty". He discusses whether the Islamic bloc can deliver legal, financial, or diplomatic consequences, and how far Islamabad is prepared to go.
Iraq, once known as Mesopotamia, the “Land of the Two Rivers”, is facing its worst water crisis in living memory. The Tigris and Euphrates — lifelines of agriculture and civilisation for millennia — are running dry. Climate change, upstream dams and decades of mismanagement have turned fertile land into dust, forcing families from their homes and threatening national stability. Talk to Al Jazeera travels to southern Iraq to hear from farmers, environmentalists and officials about a crisis that could decide the country’s future.
Sandra Myrna Diaz, one of the world’s most influential ecologists, argues that humanity is missing the bigger picture. While climate change dominates headlines, she warns the deeper crisis is biodiversity collapse, the unravelling of the living web of plants, animals, soil and water that sustains life. In this Talk to Al Jazeera interview, Diaz criticises governments for failing to meet biodiversity targets and calls for a rethinking of consumerism-driven lifestyles. Her message: The survival of civilisation depends not just on curbing greenhouse gas emissions but also on protecting the fabric of life itself.
As climate change pushes sea levels higher, Dutch architect Koen Olthuis says the answer isn’t higher dikes - it’s floating cities. From luxury homes in the Netherlands to sustainable floating schools in slums and entire island communities in the Maldives, his vision blends architecture and adaptation. But can floating design truly offer an inclusive solution - or will only the wealthy stay dry? In this episode of Talk to Al Jazeera, Olthuis explains why living on water may be the only way forward.
How do we remember war, and who gets remembered? In this episode of Talk to Al Jazeera, Step Vaessen speaks to Sabina Tanovic, a Sarajevo-born expert in memorial architecture. From the genocide in Srebrenica to the destruction in Gaza, Tanovic explores how monuments shape justice, history, and collective healing.
As Sudan’s war effects spill into Chad, the country faces the world’s most underfunded refugee crisis. Nearly a million Sudanese, mostly women and children, have fled, but aid is vanishing, disease is looming, and the system is on the verge of collapse. In this episode of Talk to Al Jazeera, Ahmed Idris speaks to a United Nations lead official in Chad and to a Sudanese refugee activist who fled the same forces now threatening his people. As the world looks away, they warn that the cost of inaction may soon be counted in lives.
As Israel bombs Iranian nuclear sites under International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) inspection, questions mount over nuclear double standards and the credibility of the global system. Iran accuses the IAEA of bias and complicity, while Israel - an undeclared nuclear power - remains outside treaty obligations. IAEA Director General Rafael Grossi responds to allegations, addresses fears of a nuclear arms race and warns of the consequences if diplomacy fails. Is the non-proliferation regime collapsing? Rafael Grossi, director general of the International Atomic Energy Agency, talks to Al Jazeera.
Greek Foreign Minister Giorgos Gerapetritis emphasises his country's robust defence ties with Israel amid its war on Gaza. He asserts now is not the time to revisit their largest defence deal, including a $1.6bn contract for Greek air force training.
Gerapetritis highlights Greece’s peace efforts in the Middle East and stresses the importance of high defence spending due to geopolitical dynamics and Greece’s extensive Mediterranean coastline.
The Greek foreign minister, Giorgos Gerapetritis, talks to Al Jazeera.
More than 200 days into Israel’s war on Gaza, the death toll has surpassed 34,000 while more than 77,000 Palestinians have been wounded.
Amid the destruction and ongoing violence, the United Nations appointed Sigrid Kaag as its senior humanitarian and reconstruction coordinator for Gaza. With her experience navigating the European Union’s varied positions on the conflict, Kaag leads crucial relief efforts.
As the world waits for a ceasefire and an end to the violence, the question arises: "What will ‘the day after’ look like for Gaza, once the war is over?"
Sigrid Kaag, UN senior humanitarian and reconstruction coordinator for Gaza, talks to Al Jazeera.
The documentary Israelism examines the rift among Jews regarding Palestine, highlighting young people's increasing criticism of Israel and Zionism.
This divide is driven by firsthand accounts of Israel's actions in Gaza and the occupied West Bank.
As the film faces opposition from groups trying to cancel its screenings, its main protagonist, Simone Zimmerman, and its co-director and producer, Erin Axelman, talk to Al Jazeera.
Amid rising gang violence in Haiti, Santo Domingo fears spillover effects. With criminal gangs dominating most of Haiti's capital, the Dominican Republic faces human and security ramifications.
What steps will the Dominican government take to confront these challenges?
We explore these critical issues as the Dominican Republic's Foreign Minister Roberto Alvarez Gil talks to Al Jazeera.
Spain's Prime Minister Pedro Sanchez ends his latest Middle East tour in Qatar.
The Gulf state has hosted several talks on ending Israel's war on Gaza, and Sanchez's calls for a ceasefire have resonated worldwide as the death toll now stands at about 33,000.
Spain's foreign policy extends beyond the Middle East. It balances relations with major powers like the United States and Russia while navigating the broader implications of the war in Ukraine.
How will Spain manage this era of global challenges and a rapidly changing international landscape?
The Spanish prime minister, Pedro Sanchez, talks to Al Jazeera.
Journalists, especially in war zones, face immense challenges in reporting conflict realities.
In the context of Israel’s war on Gaza, their role has been pivotal in exposing the devastation and suffering.
Among these journalists, Wael Dahdouh, Al Jazeera Arabic Gaza bureau chief, stands out for his dedication to covering his homeland’s conflicts over 25 years.
Despite personal losses, including family deaths in air strikes and his own injuries, Dahdouh’s commitment remains unwavering.
His story, highlighted during an interview in Doha, where he receives medical treatment, exemplifies journalistic courage and resilience.
Wael Dahdouh talks to Al Jazeera.
Since Israel's inception in 1948, the Palestinian-Israeli conflict has centred on the occupied Palestinian territory, human rights violations and Palestinian self-determination, leading to cycles of violence and failed peace efforts.
The Oslo Accords in 1993 led to the appointment of a United Nations special coordinator to oversee regional peace initiatives.
Amid Israel's continuing war on Gaza, with severe humanitarian crises and escalating violence, the coordinator faces the challenging task of navigating this complex and volatile landscape.
Find out more as the UN special coordinator for the Middle East peace process, Tor Wennesland, talks to Al Jazeera.
From Augusto Pinochet's dictatorship to democracy, Chile has navigated a complex history marked by human rights abuses.
Efforts to reconcile with its past continue amid social movements and constitutional debates.
We explore the nation's journey that reflects the enduring impact of authoritarian rule and the continuing quest for justice as Carolina Toha, Chile's interior minister, talks to Al Jazeera.
In this episode, we explore the essential role of non-governmental organisations in confronting global emergencies.
The International Rescue Committee, initiated by Albert Einstein, is known for its impactful work.
The organisation delivers aid and hope to at-risk populations in conflict zones, notably Gaza, marked as the most hazardous area for civilians and aid workers.
Amid turmoil in Sudan, the Democratic Republic of the Congo and Ukraine, David Miliband, president of the International Rescue Committee, talks to Al Jazeera.
Indonesian Foreign Minister Retno Marsudi discusses her country's stance at the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on Israel's occupation of Palestine amid the Gaza conflict.
Highlighting Indonesia's advocacy for Palestinian rights and the adherence to international law, Marsudi also confronts concerns over declining democracy under President Joko Widodo.
As Indonesia faces a presidential transition to Prabowo Subianto, she reflects on whether she would like to continue in office, emphasising the nation's role on the global stage.
Indonesian Foreign Minister Retno Marsudi talks to Al Jazeera.
Sebastiao Salgado's photography, initially rooted in news, evolved into a profound documentary-style work that captures human and environmental narratives.
His work spans from the raw realities of Brazil's Mina Pelada goldmines, African famines, and the Rwandan genocide to the beauty and urgency of conservation and the lives of indigenous communities.
Salgado's lens reveals the depth of human resilience, fragility, and the natural world, transforming his images into more than documentation but a testament to the human soul and Earth's imperative beauty.
We explore his journey as photographer Sebastiao Salgado talks to Al Jazeera.
In an era where freedom of expression faces unprecedented challenges globally, Irene Khan stands as a beacon of hope.
With a rich background in human rights advocacy, Khan has battled against censorship, intimidation and the suppression of free speech.
Her efforts underscore the importance of this fundamental human right in holding the powerful to account, even as wars and repressive regimes threaten its very existence.
We explore her mission to ensure that voices worldwide can speak out without fear as Irene Khan, the UN Special Rapporteur for Freedom of Opinion and Expression, talks to Al Jazeera.
Tracing Norway’s diplomatic journey from Trygve Lie’s pivotal role as the first United Nations secretary-general to its instrumental part in the Oslo Accords, a landmark agreement in the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, Norway has long been a beacon of international peace and neutrality.
Its commitment to these principles faces new tests with the current war on Gaza, raising questions about its arms export policies and the indirect implications for regions in turmoil.
Amid these complexities, Norwegian Foreign Minister Espen Barth Eide talks to Al Jazeera.
Amidst challenges like poverty, protests and the impact of climate change, Rio de Janeiro’s Mayor Eduardo Paes focuses on transforming the city.
In his third term, he’s developing Rio as a smart city, blending technology with environmental sustainability and social integration.
In response to climate change, Paes aims for as many as 40 percent "green" jobs by 2030.
Reflecting on Rio’s experience in hosting the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympics, his advice is to avoid simultaneous events.
Find out more as the mayor of Rio de Janeiro, Eduardo Paes, talks to Al Jazeera.
Amidst challenges like poverty, protests and the impact of climate change, Rio de Janeiro’s Mayor Eduardo Paes focuses on transforming the city.
In his third term, he’s developing Rio as a smart city, blending technology with environmental sustainability and social integration.
In response to climate change, Paes aims for as many as 40 percent "green" jobs by 2030.
Reflecting on Rio’s experience in hosting the 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympics, his advice is to avoid simultaneous events.
Find out more as the mayor of Rio de Janeiro, Eduardo Paes, talks to Al Jazeera.
In a world where literature often mirrors the pulsating heart of society, Paul Lynch’s Prophet Song stands out as a beacon of emotional and narrative depth.
This masterpiece delves into the complexities of human experience, weaving a story that resonates deeply with the themes of tyranny and resilience.
Set against a backdrop that parallels global conflicts, Lynch portrays the struggles of a mother in a totalitarian regime, drawing parallels with real-world events.
We dissect how his novel is a poignant exploration of human spirit under oppression as Booker Prize winner, Paul Lynch talks to Al Jazeera.
Once a 15th-century maritime power, Portugal sparked the Age of Discovery and established a global empire.
But, as the winds of change swept around the world in the 19th century, Portugal entered an era marked by decolonisation and a shift towards democratic principles in international relations.
How does this history shape Portuguese diplomacy amid contemporary global conflicts like those in Gaza and Ukraine?
Foreign Minister Joao Gomes Cravinho discusses Portugal's strategies and reflects on its transformative journey as he talks to Al Jazeera.
Following the Cold War’s ideological rift, East-West rivalry persists, fuelled by advances in AI, cybersecurity, telecommunications and biotechnology.
Emerging from conflict, Serbia, once a war-torn nation, has left its pariah status behind.
Two decades after reintegration into the international community, it focuses on science and technology to bridge global divides.
Jelena Begovic, Serbia’s minister of science, technological development and innovation, talks to Al Jazeera about the nation’s advancements and its future aspirations.
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Social media has revolutionised our understanding and perception of wars and conflicts.
Platforms like Instagram, Snapchat and TikTok, with their real-time, unfiltered content, offer a new perspective that’s immediate and often raw.
These platforms enable users worldwide to witness conflicts like the war on Gaza as they unfold, offering a variety of viewpoints that traditional media may not cover.
This shift has led to a more multifaceted and grassroots-level narrative, one which we will explore as influencers Nicole Jenes and Rathbone talk to Al Jazeera.
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The United Nations, a longtime advocate for human rights through treaties and laws, faces stark realities.
Despite its efforts, rights violations persist, especially in conflict zones like Gaza, Sudan and Ukraine, where life, safety and basic needs are severely compromised.
Meanwhile, emerging technologies and the climate crisis further challenge these rights.
Addressing these critical issues, the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Volker Turk, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Nine weeks into Israel’s war on the Gaza Strip, the United Nations faces increasing challenges in delivering aid to the besieged and bombarded enclave.
Israel’s offensive has displaced 85 percent of the population. About 1.3 million people are crammed into UN facilities there, exceeding their capacity four times over. These facilities have also been frequent targets of Israeli attacks.
Additionally, the killings of humanitarian aid workers in air strikes further complicate the crisis.
This situation raises concerns about the UN’s ability to operate in Gaza effectively.
Martin Griffiths, the UN undersecretary-general for humanitarian affairs and emergency relief coordinator, provides insights on these issues as he talks to Al Jazeera.
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For 74 years, the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, UNRWA, has provided healthcare, education and social services to many.
Yet, the war on Gaza has severely affected UNRWA as Israeli air strikes have hit its facilities and killed at least 130 of its humanitarian workers.
UNRWA’s work was recognised at the Doha Forum 2023, where we caught up with its commissioner general.
Philippe Lazzarini talks to Al Jazeera.
For 74 years, the UN Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East, UNRWA, has provided healthcare, education and social services to many.
Yet, the war on Gaza has severely affected the UNRWA as Israeli air strikes have hit its facilities and killed at least 130 of its humanitarian workers.
The UNRWA’s work was recognised at the Doha Forum 2023, where we caught up with its commissioner general.
Philippe Lazzarini talks to Al Jazeera.
In a world grappling with its geopolitics being fragmented, the East versus West competition for power is seemingly threatening to divide and polarise the global order.
Russia's ability to selectively influence leaders and events in various parts of the world is vital when discussing international crises.
On this special edition of Talk to Al Jazeera, we go to the Doha Forum 2023, where we connect with Russia's top diplomat to discuss the war on Gaza and Ukraine and his country’s apparently contradicting stands on both conflicts.
The Russian Foreign Minister, Sergey Lavrov, talks to Al Jazeera.
Born in Senegal and raised in France, Patrice Evra rose to fame playing for Manchester United and Juventus, facing racism on and off the pitch.
Later in his career, Evra revealed that he was sexually abused as a child by a schoolteacher, a secret he kept for 25 years.
Now retired from football, he advocates against child sexual abuse as a UN ambassador and uses his social media presence to fight racism in sports.
Evra has also ventured into technology investments, participating in the Web Summit in Lisbon, where we caught up with him.
Patrice Evra talks to Al Jazeera.
Since the start of Israel's war on Gaza after Hamas's surprise attack on October 7, Iran's role has been a subject of speculation. Ayatollah Ali Khamenei, Iran's supreme leader, has denied the country's involvement but labelled the offensive a success.
The conflict has killed thousands and left nearly two million displaced. After a weeklong truce, Israeli attacks recommenced, casting the spotlight on Iran's next moves.
For an in-depth look at the Iranian position on these rapidly evolving events, Kamal Kharazi, Iran's former foreign minister and current adviser to the supreme leader, talks to Al Jazeera.
Brazil, renowned for its cultural diversity and vast rainforests, is experiencing significant political transformation.
Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva’s return to power marked a departure from Jair Bolsonaro’s conservative government. This shift heralds a renewed focus on social welfare, poverty reduction, and inclusive growth, mirroring Lula’s previous term in the 2000s.
However, Brazil’s journey is mired in global challenges, from Russia’s invasion of Ukraine to the war on Gaza. These issues raise important questions about Brazil’s role and position as a major global economy.
We explore these complexities as Brazilian President Luiz Inacio Lula da Silva talks to Al Jazeera.
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As the easternmost European Union member, Finland, historically neutral, pivots towards NATO in response to Russia’s Ukraine invasion, new geopolitical challenges arise: increased Russian espionage, cyberattacks and potential election interference, the Finnish government says.
Additionally, a surge of asylum seekers, allegedly directed by Russia, strains stability.
Amid these tensions, Finland’s $345m Israeli defence deal, which many see as conflicting with its stance on Gaza, sparks debate.
Discussing these complex issues, Finnish Foreign Minister Elina Valtonen talks to Al Jazeera.
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Following his return from strategic talks in Germany and as the war on Gaza nears its 50th day, Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan delves into Turkey’s role in humanitarian efforts.
At a pivotal moment, he discusses Turkey’s relationship with Hamas and whether Western pressure exists. Fidan also reflects on what it would take to sever diplomatic ties with Israel completely.
Turkish Foreign Minister Hakan Fidan shares these insights with Al Jazeera.
Lisbon, famed for its golden sunsets and cobbled streets, stands rich in history and resilience.
It has weathered earthquakes and political and economic turmoil, cultivating a strong spirit.
Currently, the city navigates issues like gentrification, a housing crisis and climate threats.
As Portugal’s capital evolves into a leading tech and remote-working hub, it faces the challenge of evenly distributing financial benefits among its citizens.
Amid Portugal’s political upheaval, including Prime Minister Antonio Costa’s resignation due to corruption inquiries, how might these national events influence Lisbon’s transformation?
The Mayor of Lisbon, Carlos Moedas, talks to Al Jazeera.
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As the war on Gaza escalates, the United Nations’ stark divisions delayed a resolution for three weeks.
Senior human rights official Craig Mokhiber resigned, protesting against the UN’s silence on the "wholesale slaughter of the Palestinian people" by the Israeli army. In his resignation, Mokhiber criticised the UN’s inaction in the face of “genocide” in the Gaza Strip.
With Israel’s war on Gaza intensifying, Craig Mokhiber, the former director of the New York office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, talks to Al Jazeera.
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It’s been 10 years since Venezuelan leader Hugo Chavez died.
In the years that followed, the country, home to the world’s largest oil reserves, suffered economic collapse, political chaos and a mass exodus.
As Venezuelans face poverty and struggle to survive, more than 7 million have left the country in search of protection and a better life, according to the United Nations.
Have foreign powers played a role in the country’s stalemate? And is there still a way out of Venezuela’s impasse?
Venezuelan Foreign Minister Yvan Gil talks to Al Jazeera.
As the war on Gaza continues to escalate, the Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi talks to Al Jazeera about his country’s position on the continuing ground offensive.
Navi Pillay chairs the United Nations Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory and Israel.
Weeks before Hamas carried out its October 7 surprise offensive in southern Israel, and Israel launched a major military operation in Gaza, Pillay released a report.
It says: "The commission finds the increasingly militarised law enforcement operations of Israel and repeated attacks by Israel on Gaza are aimed at maintaining its unlawful 56-year occupation."
With the latest escalation now in its third week, Navi Pillay talks to Al Jazeera.
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As the war on Gaza is well into its third week, many are alarmed about the impact it could have on the occupied West Bank.
While Gaza is governed by Hamas, the occupied West Bank is governed by the Palestinian Authority, led by Fatah. Both factions want an independent Palestinian state.
However, their struggle for self-determination and autonomy has substantial historical differences.
But will a further escalation of the conflict in Gaza result in Fatah and Hamas putting aside their differences to join forces?
The Palestinian Prime Minister, Mohammad Shtayyeh, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Following Hamas's offensive in southern Israel on October 7, the Israeli army has targeted apartment blocks, hospitals, mosques and churches in Gaza, killing thousands of Palestinians.
Only on October 21, 14 days into the war, a few trucks carrying food, medicine and water were allowed into the Gaza Strip.
Will there be unconditional access to life-saving aid in Gaza as the conflict escalates?
We spoke to one of the regional heads of the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) involved in the emergency response.
Mamadou Sow talks to Al Jazeera.
Last year, hundreds of people in Sierra Leone took to the streets in frustration at rising inflation and economic hardship. The protests turned violent and led to deaths.
Since then, President Julius Maada Bio has been re-elected, but there were accusations of widespread irregularities in the poll in June.
A former coup leader in the 1990s, Bio’s first civilian term was recognised for championing education and women’s rights. But after the recent coups in the region, does Sierra Leone face a similar risk?
Julius Maada Bio, the president of Sierra Leone, talks to Al Jazeera.
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For many, the Maldives represents the perfect Indian Ocean beach holiday destination.
But beyond the five-star resorts, turquoise waters and white sand lie major geopolitical interests.
The archipelago has turned into a political battleground for India and China.
As preparations for president-elect Mohamed Muizzu's swearing-in ceremony on November 17 get under way, Talk to Al Jazeera travels to Male, the capital of the Maldives, to find out how regional dynamics may change under his administration and what this could mean for the country and its people.
The president-elect of the Maldives, Mohamed Muizzu, talks to Al Jazeera.
Paul Kagame has ruled Rwanda for 23 years.
The small, landlocked country of 13 million people has come a long way since the civil war and genocide of 1994. Rwanda’s significant progress in education, technology, healthcare and security has made the nation an African success story.
But is living under Kagame’s government an African utopia? And as his influence in the region expands along with the country’s geopolitical role, is Rwanda proving a disruptive force in the region?
The president of Rwanda, Paul Kagame, talks to Al Jazeera.
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The military seized power in oil-rich Gabon on August 30, 2023.
It put President Ali Bongo Ondimba under house arrest, ending the Bongo family’s 56-year rule.
General Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema, a cousin of the president, led that coup. The military leader appointed Raymond Ndong Sima as the prime minister of his transitional government.
Was the coup in Gabon just a family crisis to push the country’s rule into the hands of a different branch of the same elite?
Raymond Ndong Sima, prime minister of the transitional government of Gabon, talks to Al Jazeera.
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As world leaders gathered in New York for the 78th United Nations General Assembly, Dutch Prime Minister Mark Rutte led his country's delegation for the last time.
After 13 years in power, the Netherlands' longest-serving premier is leaving office after a dispute about immigration led to the collapse of his coalition government.
In this episode, we examine the political and diplomatic legacy of the politician nicknamed "Teflon Mark", who is known for being a resilient operator.
The prime minister of the Netherlands, Mark Rutte, talks to Al Jazeera.
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For almost two decades, Somali forces, backed by the international community, have been fighting al-Shabab.
But despite international support, the armed group remains influential in the south and centre of Somalia.
Now, the government is launching a sweeping offensive to retake al-Shabab territory. President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud is personally leading the fight, but that is not the only challenge facing the government.
Long years of drought, political divisions and the rise of autonomous regions pose significant problems.
These are some of the topics the Somali prime minister, Hamza Abdi Barre, talks to Al Jazeera about.
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Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi has welcomed the world's 20 largest economies in New Delhi.
The G20 bloc accounts for more than 80 percent of global gross domestic product and 75 percent of international trade. But as the international community increasingly deals with opposing interests and geopolitical dynamics, many question if it serves any purpose.
The United Nations secretary-general is mandated to help resolve situations threatening global peace and security.
Can a summit overshadowed by Russia's invasion of Ukraine, a global economy in distress and an escalating climate crisis set the global agenda?
Antonio Guterres, UN secretary-general, talks to Al Jazeera.
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In 2015, a 21-year-old asylum seeker from Syria made it to the Greek island of Lesbos in a rubber boat.
Ryyan Alshebl’s journey continued by train, bus and on foot across Europe until he reached Germany.
German officials sent him to the rural Swabia region. He arrived seeking asylum, not knowing what the future had in store for him.
At 29, and against all odds, Alshebl is now the mayor of the town of Ostelsheim.
In this edition of Talk to Al Jazeera, we speak to Mayor Ryyan Alshebl and explore his journey, success story, and future dreams.
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As AI-driven robots become more intelligent and more autonomous, could they also become powerful or harmful?
The robot named Sophia was created in 2016 by the Hong Kong-based company Hanson Robotics.
Sophia’s AI technology has surpassed a simple combination of science and engineering. She has also become an innovation ambassador for the United Nations.
But what should we humans expect as we begin to accept the presence of AI robots in our everyday life?
Sophia talks to Al Jazeera.
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Yoshua Bengio's work in the 1990s and 2000s has contributed to the foundations of chatbots like OpenAI's ChatGPT and Google's Bard.
Today, Bengio is one of the biggest voices warning the world about the necessity of having control and regulations on artificial intelligence (AI) technology.
He testified before a United States congressional hearing, warning that the frantic pace of AI development, in the wrong hands, could be used to create biological weapons.
So, is AI an existential threat to humanity? Or is it a tool that will transform our lives for the better?
Computer Scientist Yoshua Bengio talks to Al Jazeera.
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Many regard the United States as a superpower. Yet more than 13 percent of adults in the country cannot read or write above third-grade level. That’s the same as an eight-year-old.
Censorship of library books is also on the rise.
The American Library Association reported a record number of demands to censor books last year. The more than 1,600 contested titles address mainly race and gender issues.
With more calls for censorship, the issue has become increasingly politicised. So will the "land of the free" remain so for readers?
Tracie Hall, the executive director of the American Library Association, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Dementia affects 55 million people worldwide, and its most common form, Alzheimer's, accounts for about 70 percent of all cases.
At the Alzheimer's Association International Conference, the largest congress advocating dementia science, held in Amsterdam this month, a pharmaceutical company disclosed details of its trials of a new drug: donanemab.
The American company, Eli Lilly, expects the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to decide by the end of 2023 whether to approve what it is calling a "breakthrough" drug.
But is this medication the best way forward? Or does it just supply cash flow for the pharmaceutical industry?
Leading dementia scientists Edo Richard and Craig Ritchie talk to Al Jazeera.
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In 2017 in Nigeria, Dr Dimie Ogoina diagnosed the world’s first known case of mpox in nearly 40 years. He rang the alarm bells, but the world refused to listen.
Five years later, during the COVID-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization declared mpox a public health emergency of international concern.
As the crisis unfolded, Ogoina’s observations became critical to developing strategies to prevent and control the outbreak.
In May this year, the WHO ended the mpox health emergency after 10 months, but is it over in the Global South?
Dr Dimie Ogoina talks to Al Jazeera.
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What the United Nations describes as "a state of mental well-being" is crucial for our socioeconomic development.
Despite an increasing acknowledgement of the critical role mental health plays in our lives, sufferers of mental health conditions are often stigmatised and discriminated against.
For more than 25 years, Devora Kestel, who leads mental health efforts at the World Health Organization (WHO), has been one of the loudest voices in the field, implementing and advising governments on policies related to mental health systems.
So what are the consequences of inadequate mental health policies?
Devora Kestel, the Director of Mental Health and Substance Use at the WHO, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Kenya is known for its geography, wildlife and rich culture.
It is also home to some of the world's best athletes.
It is the country with the most Olympic medals in Africa, 113 since it first participated at the Olympic Games in Melbourne in 1956.
But what are the sacrifices and challenges Kenyan athletes face to become sporting legends?
Kenya’s own Eliud Kipchoge and Faith Kipyegon talk to Al Jazeera.
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As the United States Supreme Court considers the role of race in college admissions, we explore the many challenges facing education with the first African American woman to lead one of the world's highest-ranked institutions.
The alumni and faculty of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology have been awarded 100 Nobel prizes.
But how is it dealing with diversity and equal opportunity?
Melissa Nobles, chancellor of MIT, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Augusto Pinochet’s military coup in 1973 was followed by 17 years of systematic human rights violations and the disappearance of some 1,500 Chileans who have never been found.
Relatives say they must find their remains to end their long mourning period. Many of them have died waiting.
As in many countries where the armed forces have committed atrocities against civilians, those who know where the remains of their victims were buried or destroyed have been reluctant to cooperate.
But the Chilean government is heading an ambitious plan to achieve justice.
Luis Cordero Vega, Chile’s minister of justice and human rights, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Pakistan’s geopolitical location seems to offer it vast economic opportunities. But in a region long troubled by political instability, the challenges are also formidable. And the conflicts are not just external.
International cooperation seems critical if Pakistan is to successfully confront its crises.
The country's top diplomat, who took the job in April last year, comes from a family with a long political history. He is the son of former Pakistani Prime Minister Benazir Bhutto, who was killed on December 27, 2007.
We caught up with him during his most recent diplomatic mission in Baghdad.
Pakistan's Foreign Minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari talks to Al Jazeera.
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According to the World Bank, Mexico is Latin America's second largest economy and one of the world's top 15.
But the wealthiest 10 percent of Mexicans control nearly half of the country’s total income, while the poorest 10 percent have access to less than 2 percent of it.
President Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador came to power in 2018, promising to turn that around. But a year later, Mexico's poverty rate had grown to nearly 44 percent.
With a general election next year, could he fail to fulfil his promises before leaving office?
Mexico's Deputy Finance Minister Gabriel Yorio González talks to Al Jazeera.
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With an acting career spanning more than 30 years, Cate Blanchett is considered one of the greatest actors of her generation. But she also plays important non-fictional roles.
In 2016, Blanchett became a goodwill ambassador for the United Nations refugee agency UNHCR.
She has since travelled to Bangladesh, where she met Rohingya Muslims who fled persecution in Myanmar; Lebanon, where she met Syrians forced from their homes by war; and most recently to Jordan, which hosts more than 743,000 refugees.
We caught up with her to discuss the UN’s operations and how the refugees she met have changed her perspective.
Cate Blanchett talks to Al Jazeera.
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Frenchman Arsene Wenger arrived in London in 1996 to take charge of the Arsenal Football Club at a time when foreign coaches were still a rarity in English football.
He started a revolution in how to prepare for matches, and his approach helped change the game forever.
Wenger's methods were initially greeted with scepticism, but they soon proved to be successful.
He was in charge for 828 Premier League matches over 22 seasons, making him the league's longest-serving manager.
Looking back, were all the sacrifices he made worth it?
Arsene Wenger talks to Al Jazeera.
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For centuries, Africa has been plundered by foreign powers, who have seized territory and reaped the benefits of profitable trade routes.
Despite Africa’s abundant natural resources, it remains the poorest continent.
A new report by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) supports an African Union initiative to remove trade barriers to increase the flow of goods among African nations. It says the African Continental Free Trade Area could reduce extreme poverty.
We caught up with the IMF managing director while she was in Nairobi to endorse the AU initiative. Kristalina Georgieva talks to Al Jazeera.
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Born Charles Philip Arthur George on November 14, 1948, he was four when his mother, Queen Elizabeth, was crowned and 20 when she formally made him Prince of Wales.
At 73, he became King Charles III upon the queen's death in September.
Buckingham Palace said his coronation, which takes place on Saturday, would reflect the monarch's role today.
But what challenges await King Charles as he reigns over an entirely new generation of people in the United Kingdom and across the Commonwealth?
Robert Lacey, one of the UK’s most renowned royal biographers and historians, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Humanity has tried to define and debate what art is for centuries. Perhaps those definitions are driven by our desperate need to better understand our existence.
Throughout history, art has been a way we tell our stories, express our faith and beliefs, and depict the phases that have marked our social evolutions.
In this edition of Talk to Al Jazeera, we explore the Rijksmuseum in Amsterdam, accompanied by one of the most knowledgeable minds on the subject.
Taco Dibbits, general director of the Rijksmuseum, talks to Al Jazeera.
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It has been more than two years since Myanmar’s military seized control of the country.
The fight between the army and those opposing the coup deepened when ethnic armed groups joined the conflict.
Even as violence escalates, the persecution of Rohingya Muslims has dragged on since 2017, when thousands fled to Bangladesh as they came under attack.
Diplomatic efforts are pushing Myanmar’s leaders to allow Rohingya people back into the country. But can their safety be guaranteed? And will efforts to reestablish democratic rule make progress?
Zaw Min Tun, Myanmar's deputy minister of information, talks to Al Jazeera.
It has been more than two years since Myanmar’s military seized control of the country.
The fight between the army and those opposing the coup deepened when ethnic armed groups joined the conflict.
Even as violence escalates, the persecution of Rohingya Muslims has dragged on since 2017, when thousands fled to Bangladesh as they came under attack.
Diplomatic efforts are pushing Myanmar’s leaders to allow Rohingya people back into the country. But can their safety be guaranteed? And will efforts to reestablish democratic rule make progress?
Zaw Min Tun, Myanmar's deputy minister of information, talks to Al Jazeera.
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The United Nations has faced criticism for decades over its effectiveness, especially its means to resolve conflicts and ease the suffering of the most vulnerable.
Many argue that veto powers held by its Security Council permanent members, China, France, Russia, the United Kingdom and the United States, create an uneven balance of power.
Delegates from 46 of the poorest nations have come together in Doha for the fifth conference of the UN's least developed countries.
But does the UN need to be reformed first, as critics say, to make progress?
The UN General Assembly President, Csaba Korosi, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Since President Ebrahim Raisi took office in 2021, he has pushed for a foreign policy focused on the Eastern Hemisphere, while developing closer ties with Iran's neighbours.
Evidence of that is an agreement signed in Beijing in early March for Iran to restore diplomatic relations with Saudi Arabia.
But Iran remains heavily sanctioned by the West, as the long process to revive the landmark 2015 nuclear agreement stays largely stalled.
So, how significant is this deal to restoring ties with its longtime regional rival?
Iranian Foreign Minister Hossein Amirabdollahian, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Russia's invasion of Ukraine has prompted countries such as Finland and Sweden to apply for NATO membership.
Austria, however, has shown no interest in joining the alliance. It has been neutral since gaining independence from the Soviet Union in 1955.
In fact, Austria's law of neutrality declares the country will never accede to any military alliance.
Vienna's long-cherished position of non-alignment has made it a hub for international organisations.
But the Austrian capital is nearly 500km (310 miles) from Ukraine's border. So is neutrality the best way to ensure national security?
Austria's Foreign Minister Alexander Schallenberg talks to Al Jazeera.
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Despite a spiralling security crisis, French troops left Mali after a nine-year deployment.
The withdrawal came after the military took power in 2020 and demanded all French troops leave Malian territory.
Since then, Mali’s military leaders have turned to Moscow for defence and economic cooperation.
And the interim government has postponed a constitutional referendum to re-establish democratic rule.
So, will the military transition to civilian rule? Or will it extend its grip on power?
Mali's Prime Minister Choguel Kokalla Maiga talks to Al Jazeera.
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Bangladesh is governed by none other than its founding father's daughter, Sheikh Hasina, who has been in office for more than 14 years.
After a large fire burned through the Rohingya refugee camp in Cox’s Bazar on March 5, we ask how she is facing the challenges that have been brought on by the refugee crisis since 2017.
And as Bangladesh prepares for a general election later this year, we ask Hasina about allegations of persecution of opposition members.
Bangladeshi Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina talks to Al Jazeera.
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On February 6, at about 4am, the ground in southern Turkey and northern Syria shook for more than a minute, while most people slept.
A magnitude 7.8 earthquake - with its epicentre 32km (20 miles) west of the Turkish city of Gaziantep - had struck the region, cracking the ground open and causing extensive damage.
And nearly 10 hours later, another seismic event of magnitude 7.5 shook the region again.
Since then, other tremors and aftershocks have followed.
But what can we learn from what happened in Turkey and Syria a month ago?
Seismologist Lucy Jones talks to Al Jazeera.
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The Russian embassy in London is the sight of regular protests against the yearlong invasion of Ukraine.
Russia’s ambassador to the United Kingdom has accused NATO powers of turning Ukraine into a Western-backed fortress to oppose Russian influence in Eastern Europe, saying the possible supply of long-range weapons to Kyiv risks forcing Russia to push deeper into Ukraine.
In the depths of the biggest confrontation involving Russia since the Cold War, how and when will this war end?
Andrey Kelin, the Russian ambassador to the UK, talks to Al Jazeera.
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It’s been one year since Russia invaded Ukraine.
To mark the occasion, the president of the European Commission, Ursula von der Leyen, and the secretary general of NATO, Jens Stoltenberg, travelled to the Estonian capital. They also marked Estonia’s 105th anniversary of its independence from imperial Russia.
After independence in 1918, the Republic of Estonia was absorbed by the Soviet Union until its collapse in 1991.
So in the century since the founding of its republic, what has Estonia learned about Russia? And what has Europe learned since last year’s invasion of Ukraine?
Estonia's prime minister, Kaja Kallas, talks with Al Jazeera.
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As the geopolitical tensions caused by the Russia-Ukraine war continue to rise, so do concerns over energy supplies.
The Netherlands has stopped importing Russian energy, except for liquified natural gas or LNG. But how is the conflict affecting the Dutch economy?
And as tensions in the Pacific escalate after Chinese balloons were shot down over North American airspace, should Europe strengthen its relations with Beijing?
The Dutch deputy prime minister, Sigrid Kaag, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Lebanon’s state of collapse has become the country’s new normal.
Inflation is soaring, and the Lebanese lira is almost worthless, pushing more than 80 percent of the population into poverty. Institutions and basic services have broken down.
For decades, successive governments were accused of corruption and mismanagement. In late 2019, the state system collapsed.
Four years into the crisis, is Lebanon a failed state? And can it change course?
Lebanese Economy Minister Amin Salam talks to Al Jazeera.
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Last year, thousands of Sri Lankans took to the streets to demand the resignation of President Gotabaya Rajapaksa, whom they blamed for mismanaging the country’s finances.
Rajapaksa resigned and fled the country. In his place, members of parliament appointed Ranil Wickremesinghe.
His government is tasked with lifting the island nation out of its economic collapse.
A $2.9bn loan from the International Monetary Fund is crucial, and one person who will play a major role in discussing the terms of the bailout is the country's top diplomat.
So what’s next for the South Asian nation? Sri Lanka’s foreign minister, Ali Sabry, talks to Al Jazeera.
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As 2022 was drawing to a close, the Balkans was once again on the verge of ethnic conflict.
Tensions had built up in July in northern Kosovo, and the situation escalated even further in December as ethnic Serb protesters blocked roads and cut off border crossings with Serbia.
After weeks of unrest, tensions have eased. But how fragile is this sense of calm? And how will Kosovo address its deep ethnic divisions?
The prime minister of Kosovo, Albin Kurti, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Guyana is a former British colony located between Brazil, Venezuela and Suriname.
The country is rich in biodiversity - as well as minerals. And in the last decade, some 11 billion barrels of oil have been found - which is the most significant discovery of its kind in recent years.
But as the world is moving towards greener economies, is it fair for countries like Guyana - struggling to overcome poverty and attract foreign investment - not to benefit from its newly-found riches?
Guyanese President Irfaan Ali talks to Al Jazeera.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has stalled progress worldwide.
However, the rate of scientific innovation has been extraordinary, resulting in safe and effective vaccines. But those vaccines have not been widely accessible to people who need it most, exposing injustice and inequality.
As part of his foundation’s efforts to fix that, Bill Gates travelled to Qatar during the first FIFA World Cup held in the Middle East, where football legends helped him advocate for investment in affordable and accessible health innovation.
So, will the world be ready for the next global health emergency?
Bill Gates talks to Al Jazeera.
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While most of Europe moves away from Russian goods, some European Union countries are cementing their relations with Moscow.
Eighty percent of Hungary’s oil and gas supply comes from Russia. And Budapest has taken out a $10bn loan from a Russian state bank to pay a Russian company to build nuclear reactors.
So, will Hungary ever wean itself off Russian imports? And is it putting historic ties with the Kremlin ahead of its relationship with Europe?
The Hungarian foreign minister, Peter Szijjarto, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Following the shelling of the Russian-controlled nuclear power plant in Ukraine, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has rung the alarm, warning of a possible nuclear catastrophe.
Meanwhile, Iran has announced it is enriching uranium at its Fordow nuclear facility at 60 percent.
Is there any sign Iran is trying to build a nuclear weapon?
With the global nuclear arsenal nearing 13,000 weapons, mostly in the hands of the United States and Russia, it seems an increasing number of countries are trying to expand their nuclear capabilities.
Should the non-proliferation treaty signed in 1968 be revised?
Rafael Grossi, IAEA chief, talks to Al Jazeera.
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In one of the most thrilling matches of the Qatar World Cup, Croatia beat Japan on penalties to secure a place in the quarter-finals.
One high-profile supporter celebrating the team's victory was none other than Prime Minister Andrej Plenkovic. We caught up with him just before that match to discuss the national side’s performance in the tournament.
We also asked him about some of the latest developments back home, including Croatia’s accession to the Schengen area and adopting the euro as its official currency.
Croatian Prime Minister Andrej Plenkovic talks to Al Jazeera.
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Following last month’s attack in Istanbul, the Turkish government has blamed the outlawed Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK) and its affiliated groups in neighbouring countries.
In response, Ankara has threatened to launch a ground operation into northern Syria.
The US and Russian governments have warned against such a move.
But if the Turkish military goes ahead with a ground offensive, what will be its wider regional effect?
We will put that to the man who has served as a member of the Turkish Security and Foreign Policy Council and chief adviser to President Recep Tayyip Erdogan.
The Turkish presidential spokesman, Ibrahim Kalin, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Wales is often believed to be a province of the United Kingdom. In fact, it is part of a political unit that forms the UK.
Wales has its own language, culture and its own national football team. And for the first time in 64 years, they have qualified for the World Cup.
Thousands of Welsh fans have travelled to Qatar to cheer on their team. One of those who made the journey to Doha is the First Minister of Wales.
This week, Mark Drakeford talks to Al Jazeera.
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In September this year, Chile’s 36-year-old President Gabriel Boric oversaw a referendum on a new constitution.
It was expected to replace the constitution put in place by the military dictatorship of Augusto Pinochet more than 40 years ago.
But the first challenge from the world's youngest president failed, with 62 percent voting against the proposed charter.
While the opposition claims President Boric’s political honeymoon period ended almost as quickly as it began, his supporters say the young leader should not be counted out so quickly.
How will he move forward? We find out as Chilean President Gabriel Boric talks to Al Jazeera.
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Cyprus has been divided along ethnic lines for decades, and caught in a geopolitical power struggle for most of the past 48 years.
Does the island need further assistance from the international community? And how are other regional conflicts, like the Russian invasion of Ukraine, affecting Cyprus?
Ioannis Kasoulides, the minister of foreign affairs for the Republic of Cyprus, talks to Al Jazeera.
This programme contacted the government of the self-declared Northern Cyprus to bring our audience the Turkish Cypriots' voice. Our interview requests were declined, but our invitation to talk to Al Jazeera remains open.
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Finland shares a border with Russia that is more than 1,300 kilometres long, so maintaining neutrality in the power struggle between East and West has always been central to the country's survival.
The Nordic nation had previously refused to join NATO. But following Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, Helsinki put its historical neutrality aside and officially requested to join the West's major military alliance. In response, Moscow warned there could be political and military consequences.
So is a Russian offensive possible? And would Finland be prepared to face it?
The president of Finland, Sauli Niinisto, talks to Al Jazeera.
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As many countries continue to spend resources on "urban development", the climate crisis is deepening.
A network of city mayors came together to deliver urgently needed actions to confront the climate crisis. The C40, formed by nearly 100 world-leading cities, represents more than 580 million people - and about one-fifth of the global economy.
Will the city mayors be able to change the course of the climate crisis, something country leaders seem to be failing at?
The mayor of London and chair of the C40, Sadiq Khan, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Some 3.3 million people in Bosnia and Herzegovina headed to the polls to choose legislators as well as the three members of the presidential council.
But after polls closed, the country’s peace overseer, High Representative Christian Schmidt, announced changes to the election law.
Schmidt says the changes will create a more effective government, working between the country’s two entities: Republika Srpska, made up of predominantly Bosnian Serbs, and the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, made up of mainly Bosniaks and Bosnian Croats.
Find out what this means for the country as Christian Schmidt talks to Al Jazeera.
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Unprecedented floods have left one-third of Pakistan under water. Repairing the destruction will cost the country's struggling economy some $10bn.
Pakistan’s top diplomat, Bilawal Bhutto Zardari, is only 34 years old. He is also the son of the late prime minister Benazir Bhutto. The role he plays may be instrumental in helping his country overcome the challenges ahead. Will he succeed?
Pakistan's foreign minister Bilawal Bhutto Zardari talks to Al Jazeera.
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A chicken seller who became a successful businessman; a politician who rose to the presidency: William Ruto was officially declared president of Kenya after narrowly winning the election in August.
While it is widely considered Africa's most stable democracy, the country has its fair share of burdens.
This week, we discuss some of the challenges facing Kenya - from deep ethnic divisions to a flailing economy, the threat of armed groups and the worst drought in decades.
The Kenyan president, William Ruto, talks to Al Jazeera.
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In the ancient city of Samarkand, modern-day leaders of the East have gathered at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit of 2022.
This year, Iran has signed a memorandum of obligations to become a permanent member of the geopolitical alliance.
After several rounds of failed talks in Vienna on the Iranian nuclear programme and economic sanctions imposed by the West, what are the opportunities ahead for Iran?
Find out more as the president of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Ebrahim Raisi, talks to Al Jazeera.
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The continent of Africa generates only two to three percent of the world's carbon dioxide emissions. Yet, Africans are suffering some of the worst effects of the global climate emergency: from droughts to floods, food shortages, and loss of livelihoods for millions of people.
African leaders travelled to Rotterdam in the Netherlands to attend the Africa Adaptation Summit, hoping to lay the foundation for tackling a harsher and unpredictable climate.
But, while some European countries sent delegations, no Western leader attended the sessions.
Will the West own up to its responsibility for Africa's climate crisis? Senegalese President, Macky Sall, talks to Al Jazeera.
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It is nearly four years since Michelle Bachelet took on a responsibility many consider one of the most complex in international diplomacy, serving as the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.
It means she bears responsibility for promoting and protecting human rights guaranteed under international law.
With her mandate ending on August 31, what legacy is Bachelet leaving behind? Has she failed or succeeded as the world's leading human rights advocate?
The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, Michelle Bachelet, talks to Al Jazeera.
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With inflation rising steeply in Sierra Leone, so too is the price of food, gas and electricity.
Sixty percent of the population lives in poverty, and the increasing cost of living is worsening the financial struggles people already face.
Earlier this month, a crisis erupted in the West African nation. Hundreds of people took to the streets in frustration at the economic hardship. Protests turned violent and led to deaths.
Will the violence end peacefully before a general election next year? The president of Sierra Leone, Julius Maada Bio, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Francis Kéré spent many of his childhood days trying to secure food and water in his rural community in Burkina Faso.
He was born in 1965 and grew up with no clean water or electricity. Yet, he was inspired by the limited natural resources that most people around him had taken for granted, leading him on a journey that has made him one of the world’s most renowned architects.
This year, Kéré became the first African and first Black person to win the most prestigious award in architecture, The Pritzker Architecture Prize.
Francis Kéré talks to Al Jazeera.
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Artificial intelligence has become an essential part of our life, though some say there is another more sinister side to it.
Computer scientist Timnit Gebru has been one of the most critical voices against the unethical use of AI.
Considered one of the 100 most influential people of 2022 by Time magazine, Google asked Gebru to co-lead its unit focused on ethical artificial intelligence.
But the tech giant fired her after she criticised the company’s lucrative AI work.
Who is behind AI technology? Whose interests does it serve? And how democratic is its use?
Timnit Gebru talks to Al Jazeera.
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Malawi has enjoyed peace and political stability since its independence in 1964.
But the landlocked nation is heavily dependent on foreign aid and food scarcity has become a pressing issue.
According to the World Food Programme, some 5.4 million Malawians - or 33 percent of the population - do not have enough to eat. The COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine have made things worse for the small country and its people.
Will Malawians see the country and economy Lazarus Chakwera promised to deliver during his presidential campaign?
The president of Malawi, Lazarus Chakwera, talks to Al Jazeera.
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A banker and financier by training, Queen Maxima of The Netherlands has travelled the world as the United Nations secretary-general’s special advocate for inclusive finance for development.
But once the media are gone and the red carpets are rolled up, how does the queen ensure her advocacy reaches those who need it the most?
Her Majesty, Queen Maxima of the Netherlands, talks to Al Jazeera.
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He was once known as the world's "poorest" president.
A left-wing rebel fighter in his youth, Jose Mujica was elected president of Uruguay in 2010, making headlines worldwide for not changing the modest life he was used to.
He was a president with no palace, no motorcade and no pomp.
He led his five-year government by example, with austerity, donating a big part of his salary to social causes, driving his old Volkswagen Beetle, and living in his farmhouse.
And that is where we caught up with him.
Jose Mujica talks to Al Jazeera.
Leaders of the Americas prepare to gather in Los Angeles on June 6 for their ninth regional summit. But Washington has announced Cuba will be excluded, arguing the Caribbean nation does not meet the required democratic standards.
United States-Cuban relations have been hostile ever since Fidel Castro's 1959 revolution. In 2016, President Obama visited the island, calling the occasion an "historic opportunity" to leave the Cold War behind.
But under President Trump, all opportunities were lost. And now, under President Biden, relations remain tense.
So, what is next for the two countries? Cuba's deputy foreign minister, Carlos Fernandez de Cossio, talks to Al Jazeera.
It has been two-and-a-half months since Russia invaded Ukraine.
Talks have not produced much as Russia steps up its military campaign, especially in the east, and some neighbouring countries now fear possible Russian aggression against them.
NATO's presence in Lithuania has increased to about 3,000 soldiers. But Vilnius has joined other Baltic states in asking for more forces.
So, is a Russian attack against other states imminent? And what will it take to guarantee security in the region? Lithuanian President Gitanas Nauseda talks to Al Jazeera.
Jerusalem, Holy Land for Muslims, Christians and Jews, has seen conflict almost since its inception around the Bronze Age; it's been attacked, captured, recaptured, besieged, destroyed and rebuilt time and again.
Yet, the walls of this iconic place, beloved by all Abrahamic faiths, remain standing, enclosing invaluable heritage sites for millions of people worldwide.
But the golden Dome of the Rock is often seen in pictures surrounded by one of the world's most enduring struggles, the Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
Why is the Al-Aqsa Mosque compound a constant hotspot for tensions? Ikrima Sabri, former Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, talks to Al Jazeera.
Every year on April 22, the world commemorates Earth Day. The goal is to create awareness about climate change and its effects on every nation.
This year’s theme is “Invest in Our Planet". But the world has been marking Earth Day for more than 50 years and not much seems to have changed, despite countless warnings, scientific studies and various agreements.
Are all efforts failing? And what else can be done to achieve a significant investment in our planet?
The United Nations Environment Programme executive director, Inger Andersen, talks to Al Jazeera.
It’s been six weeks since Russia invaded Ukraine. And while the East and West narratives clash, the death toll and destruction keep rising every day.
Is there hope for Kyiv and Moscow to achieve peace? We will find out as the Ukrainian President, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, talks to Al Jazeera.
In a world filled with conflicts, millions of minors face attacks, abuse and abandonment while not even having access to basic healthcare and education.
UNICEF is the United Nations agency responsible for providing humanitarian and developmental aid to children worldwide. But are world leaders doing enough for young people? And are athletes and other celebrities making the difference politicians have not been able to achieve?
Catherine Russell, UNICEF's executive director, and footballer David Beckham, a goodwill ambassador for the organisation, talk to Al Jazeera.
On February 24, Russian forces invaded Ukraine.
The front line in this war is not only military, it is also financial and political for both sides of the conflict.
Like Germany, some European countries highly reliant on Russian oil and gas have refused to accept a complete energy embargo on Russia. Other European Union member states like Poland, fearing possible aggression on its soil, want Europe to be less reliant on Russian energy resources.
But what is Warsaw's plan to prevent a possible escalation of this conflict? Pawel Jablonski, Poland's deputy foreign minister, talks to Al Jazeera.
Niger is one of the world’s poorest nations. The country has struggled for decades with instability, military coups, drought and ethnic conflicts.
But during the last few years, Niger has faced a far bigger challenge - the rise of armed groups that are expanding their influence in the Sahel region.
In this episode, we travel to Niamey to meet the president of Niger and discuss France’s recent decision to end its military operation in the Sahel.
Will Niger become the new focal point in the fight against ISIL (ISIS) and al-Qaeda? Mohamed Bazoum, president of Niger, talks to Al Jazeera.
Namibia is a nation that rose from the world's oldest desert, where vast red dunes in Southern Africa meet the Atlantic Ocean.
According to the World Bank, progress towards reducing inequality has been slow and the country is considered one of the world's most unequal. Yet that could change, given the recent discovery of an estimated at one billion barrels of oil off its coast.
But could oil prove more of a curse than a blessing? We find out, as Namibia's President Hage Geingob talks to Al Jazeera.
In August 2020, soldiers in Mali, led by Colonel Assimi Goita, overthrew President Ibrahim Boubacar Keita. In response, Mali’s former colonial ruler France suspended its joint military operations.
As relations with France worsened, Mali appeared to boost ties with Russia, saying it was a diplomatic effort to diversify foreign policy. Mali expelled the French ambassador before France announced the withdrawal of military forces after nearly 10 years of confrontation in the Sahel.
So, what is next for relations between Paris and Bamako? And is Colonel Goita aiming to stay in power?
Mali’s foreign minister, Abdoulaye Diop, talks to Al Jazeera.
As the Taliban swept through Afghanistan in August 2021, many of the former government’s top officials, including then-President Ashraf Ghani, fled the country, causing chaos and uncertainty among Afghans.
But not everyone in the government had the opportunity or the will to leave Kabul.
Ghani’s deputy minister of finance, Nazir Kabiri, stayed home. The US-educated technocrat anticipated the financial challenges such a political change could bring to Afghanistan.
The Taliban kept Kabiri at his post. But will he succeed in his efforts to prevent a complete economic collapse?
Nazir Kabiri, Afghanistan’s deputy finance minister, talks to Al Jazeera.
“To make a film is easy; to make a good film is war,” Oscar-winning director Alejandro Gonzalez Inarritu once said. And for filmmakers in a country like Burkina Faso, mired by years of conflict and stability, the challenges are even greater.
But despite the continuing violence, a pan-African film festival in the capital Ouagadougou gathered filmmakers - resilient in the face of conflict - to bring hope through art.
There, we caught up with one of the top Burkinabe filmmakers and explored the art of cinema in Africa; what is on the screen and what is left out. Apolline Traore talks to Al Jazeera.
Norway and the United States have long been close allies and NATO partners, but a growing crisis between Washington and Moscow is testing that relationship.
As NATO puts its forces on alert for potential trouble in Eastern Europe, Norway is also having to ready its armed forces.
With thousands of Russian troops amassed at Ukraine’s eastern border, are the parts heading into a full-scale war?
The Norwegian prime minister, Jonas Gahr Store, talks to Al Jazeera.
As we begin a new year, the United Nations forecasts a lower global economic growth.
For Argentina, this will pose an even bigger challenge. The South American nation is weeks away from a deadline to restructure its debt with the International Monetary Fund (IMF).
The debt dates back to 2018, when then-President Mauricio Macri signed on to a $57bn loan. His successor, President Alberto Fernandez, rejected the terms of the agreement and sent his economy minister to renegotiate.
Will he succeed? And will the country ever resolve its years-long financial crisis? Argentina’s economy minister, Martin Guzman, talks to Al Jazeera.
According to the United Nations, last year brought "a spate of grave violations" against children in conflict zones, despite decades of advocacy by NGOs.
One of the institutions working to improve the lives of children is Save the Children. Its chief executive officer, Inger Ashing, recently travelled to Burkina Faso as many minors living in the Central Sahel region risk illegal recruitment by armed groups.
But to many in need, NGOs have failed to successfully make a difference in their lives.
So are we failing to protect vulnerable children? Inger Ashing, CEO of Save the Children, talks to Al Jazeera.
Throughout the years, fashion designers have reflected social change.
As many collections have pushed creative boundaries, they have also caused controversy.
On this edition of Talk to Al Jazeera, Christian Dior’s creative director, Maria Grazia Chiuri, shares her views on the role the fashion industry plays in today's world.
Europe's worst conflict since World War II started in Croatia in 1991 and had spilled over into Bosnia and Herzegovina by 1992.
The bloodshed ended in 1995, after the Dayton Accords were signed. Part of the agreement was the establishment of The Office of the High Representative. Another outcome of the accords: an extremely complex system of government.
The country is led by a presidency consisting of three parts, each representing the main ethnic groups. But how effectively is the nation being governed?
The High Representative for Bosnia and Herzegovina, Christian Schmidt, talks to Al Jazeera.
A year from Friday, the FIFA Football World Cup will be held in Qatar, the first-ever to be staged in the Middle East.
Hosting the tournament is a source of great pride for the small country of nearly three million people, which hopes the world's most popular sporting event will create a lasting legacy for the region.
But since winning the bid to host football’s biggest competition, Qatar has been under the spotlight over human rights issues including the plight of migrant workers and its ability to host such a large-scale event.
So is Qatar ready? Fatma Samoura, FIFA’s secretary-general, talks to Al Jazeera.
Iran, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Russia and China have resumed talks in Vienna aiming to revive the 2015 nuclear deal. The United States is participating indirectly after withdrawing from the agreement in 2018.
But there is another important party in the diplomatic efforts being made: the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA).
The nuclear watchdog has kept communication and dialogue open with all the parties involved. But as disagreements and tensions on key issues remain unresolved, what would it take for the talks to succeed? And if negotiations fail, what’s next?
The IAEA Director General, Rafael Mariano Grossi, talks to Al Jazeera.
Iran and world powers resumed talks aiming to revive the 2015 Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), also known as the Iran nuclear deal.
Following the Iranian elections in June, a new negotiating team is representing the Islamic republic in the Vienna talks. So what are their top demands? And are they realistic?
In an exclusive interview, Iran’s deputy foreign minister and chief nuclear negotiator, Ali Bagheri Kani, talks to Al Jazeera.
Following the military's takeover in Sudan on October 25, led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, and the house arrest of Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok, it took nearly a month of negotiations to reach an agreement.
But there is another significant figure in the country’s political dynamics: General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo.
He is al-Buhan’s deputy in the sovereign council and the leader of the Rapid Support Forces, the army’s strongest division.
As many in Sudan and the region consider him the country’s most powerful figure, would he like to become the next president?
General Mohamed Hamdan Dagalo talks to Al Jazeera.
Following the October 25 military takeover in Sudan, led by General Abdel Fattah al-Burhan, senior officials of the government were detained, including Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok, who was put under house arrest.
But after nearly a month of negotiations, the parties have reached a political agreement.
Abdalla Hamdok has been released and reinstated as prime minister.
But what does the 14-point deal signed with the military mean for the country’s democracy?
And how much power would the technocratic government hold moving forward?
Sudan's Prime Minister, Abdalla Hamdok, talks to Al Jazeera.
Paul Kagame took office just six years after the 1994 genocide, in which some 800,000 people were slaughtered in an ethnic conflict.
But although Rwanda has transformed into what many consider “Africa’s tech hub” and achieved rapid economic growth, it has struggled to leave its dark past behind.
And while many see Kagame as a visionary leader, others claim he is a threat to democracy.
After winning his third term in 2017 with nearly 99 percent of the vote, how much longer is he planning to hold on to power? The president of Rwanda, Paul Kagame, talks to Al Jazeera.
Rafael Correa was part of the 2000's golden age for left-wing movements across Latin America.
He was voted into power in Ecuador in 2007 and left office 10 years later to retire in Belgium. In 2018, a judge in his home country ordered him to return to face charges related to the kidnapping of an opposition leader, but he remained in Brussels under political asylum.
Court cases at home kept piling up. He was sentenced in absentia to eight years in prison for corruption. Now considered a fugitive in Ecuador, will the former president return to face justice?
Rafael Correa talks to Al Jazeera.
Talks and initiatives on the environment are usually driven by the world’s superpowers, but many of the largest economies appear to be failing when it comes to clean energy. Now Chile is trying to have a louder voice.
As recent reports from the United Nations reveal just how much damage human activity has done to our planet, can Chile succeed in becoming a green-energy powerhouse?
The country's Energy Minister, Juan Carlos Jobet, is widely seen as Chile's champion in the fight against climate change. He talks to Al Jazeera.
The Darien Gap on the Panama-Colombia border has been used by thousands of migrants to reach the United States.
It is a dense jungle filled with mountains, cliffs, rivers and wild animals. It is also a haven for criminal organisations that abuse many of those trying to go north, escaping the financial crisis in South America that has been made worse by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Al Jazeera's Teresa Bo meets some of those who risk everything to give their families a chance.
The European Union is a single market of 27 countries. While the bloc was officially formed in 1993, it took its member states 25 years longer to agree on the creation of a common public prosecutor’s office.
The office is responsible for prosecuting and bringing charges against those accused of crimes against the financial interests of the EU. But Poland, Hungary, Ireland, Denmark and Sweden remain outside of the agreement.
So, without the support of all the member states, how much authority does it have to do its job? The European chief prosecutor, Laura Kovesi, talks to Al Jazeera.
Hungary joined the European Union in 2004. It was one of eight nations in central and eastern Europe that agreed to be governed under EU laws.
But in recent years, Brussels and Budapest have not seen eye to eye. Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban says his policies are based on conservative Christian, patriotic values. Meanwhile, many in the EU and elsewhere say his government promotes homophobic, xenophobic, anti-democratic and even authoritarian values.
But what has been the response from the Hungarian government? Hungary's Foreign Minister Peter Szijjarto talks to Al Jazeera.
The Taliban’s takeover of Afghanistan in August sent shockwaves around the world.
The group is, once again, in power, determined to implement its vision for the country and cement ties with the rest of the world.
This week, the spokesman for the Taliban’s ministry of foreign affairs discusses the group’s plans for how it will reach out to women, minorities and its opponents.
Is the Taliban open to reform and will the group abandon its strict interpretation of Islamic law? Abdul Qahar Balkhi talks to Al Jazeera.
As South Africa’s top diplomat, Naledi Pandor faces many challenges in the COVID-19 era.
As world leaders gathered in New York for the 76th United Nations General Assembly, vaccine inequity was at the top of the agenda.
That is where we caught up with South Africa’s Minister of International Relations and Cooperation.
Naledi Pandor talks to Al Jazeera.
Since the creation of the United Nations in 1945, there have been nine UN secretaries-general.
The first one, Trygve Lie, famously described his role as “the most impossible job on earth”. But how does the current UN chief, Antonio Guterres, view his position? And does he think the world is heading in the wrong direction?
In the run-up to the UN's 76th general assembly, Secretary-General Antonio Guterres talks to Al Jazeera.
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After decades of ethnic tensions and war, Kosovo declared independence from Serbia in 2008.
The move was partially recognised by the international community, with the United States and most European countries as allies.
The NATO-led peacekeeping forces have helped guarantee the region's security, but a diplomatic problem with Serbia and with what many would consider the region’s superpower, Russia, remains.
As the current mood in Washington is to avoid military interventions around the world, does Pristina fear the US troops will one day retreat from Kosovo? Kosovo’s Prime Minister Albin Kurti talks to Al Jazeera.
Fawzia Koofi began her political career after the fall of the Taliban in 2001. Her focus: promoting girls' rights to education and protecting children from violence, exploitation and abuse.
She has survived assassination attempts, but not even that stopped her from advocating for the rights of women in her country.
Now, with the Taliban back in control and in the wake of the United States withdrawal, Koofi left her country and is being hosted in Qatar. Is her fight for the rights of Afghan women over?
Afghanistan’s former Deputy Speaker of Parliament, Fawzia Koofi, talks to Al Jazeera.
As wealthy countries stockpiled COVID-19 vaccines, 50 percent of adults in Europe, the United States and the United Kingdom have now been fully vaccinated.
Meanwhile, vaccination rates remain extremely low in countries across Africa, where fewer than two percent of the continent's people have been fully vaccinated.
With 47 of Africa’s 54 countries expected to miss a September target of vaccinating 10 percent of their citizens, how can we bridge the vaccine gap threatening the continent?
The director of the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention, Dr John Nkengasong, talks to Al Jazeera.
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With widespread international conflicts, many people risk it all to get to Europe in search of safety and a better future. And although the most common route to Europe is across the Mediterranean Sea, a new one appears to be opening through the Belarus-European Union border.
Brussels has accused Belarusian President Alexander Lukashenko of attempting to destabilise the bloc with a "hybrid war", using migrants as a weapon.
As the Lithuanian government declares a state of emergency, we travel to Vilnius to find out what lies ahead diplomatically and at a humanitarian level. Lithuania’s Prime Minister Ingrida Simonyte talks to Al Jazeera.
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The 82-kilometre (50-mile) artificial waterway known as the Panama Canal, makes the Republic of Panama a crucial point for international maritime trade.
But the country is not only a passage for thousands of ships transporting goods from East to West. Panama is also a key transit point for thousands of migrants and asylum seekers going from South to North. They risk it all searching for protection and better opportunities in the United States and Canada.
As global migration is on the rise, how is Panama coping with the current crisis at its border? Panama’s Foreign Minister Erika Mouynes talks to Al Jazeera.
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Brazil is in the midst of a political crisis.
Many have taken to the streets to demand that right-wing President Jair Bolsonaro step down. Meanwhile, left-wing, former President Lula Da Silva seems to be making a comeback. Could he be looking at a third term in power?
One man who may shed some light on what the future might hold is former President Fernando Henrique Cardoso. At 90, he has experienced much of Brazil’s modern history and has lived through its ups and downs. Cardoso talks to Al Jazeera.
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The US invasion of Afghanistan began in 2001. Twenty years on, the Americans are still there, but President Joe Biden has promised the mission will finally end on August 31, 2021.
Once US troops are gone, Afghanistan's affairs will have to be solved internally.
Can the country overcome the wounds left by years of disagreement and sectarian division? After months of intra-Afghan talks, have the different sides built trust? Abdullah Abdullah, the chief of the High Council for National Reconciliation, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Decades of turmoil in Afghanistan have led to sectarian division, political instability and the loss of countless lives.
International players from the region and beyond have made several attempts to bring peace and stability to the country. The United States has played a central role. Afghan-born American diplomat Zalmay Khalilzad has been leading that effort since 2018.
But as the US military ends its mission in Afghanistan, will there be a power vacuum in Kabul? And what role will Washington play moving forward? Khalilzad, the US special representative for Afghanistan reconciliation, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Berlin is an unconventional city, ever changing and yet forever defined by its turbulent past.
From 1961 to 1989, the Berlin Wall split the city and polarised Germany into two peoples divided by the ideological struggles between East and West. But what is Berlin today? Have the barriers the wall created been broken over three decades later? Is there still an East vs West?
In this edition of Talk to Al Jazeera: In the Field, Stefanie Dekker explores the German capital alongside Berliners who dissect the city’s anti-status quo legacy and how it is reflected in Europe’s - unapologetically - rebel capital.
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Death, for many, is something to be feared - while for others, it is simply a part of life. But regardless of how we perceive it, it is inevitable.
More than 50 million people die every year from natural causes or medical conditions. Philosophers and doctors have studied the process of dying for centuries. And perhaps the discipline that has better understood this is “palliative care”.
Are health services worldwide providing patients and their families with the right care? Lukas Radbruch, the chair of the board of directors of the International Association for Hospice and Palliative Care, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Born in 1947, in Birzeit, Palestine, a year before the establishment of the State of Israel, Sliman Mansour studied fine arts in Jerusalem.
Growing up under occupation, his work first gained recognition when he was aged 26, with the piece “Camel of Hardship”, which portrays an elderly, bent-over porter struggling to carry the city of Jerusalem on his back. And ever since, his work depicting the Palestinian struggle and culture has travelled the world.
Now, at 75, has he lost hope that peace will ever come? Sliman Mansour talks to Al Jazeera.
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The United Nations General Assembly elected Ban Ki-moon as its eighth secretary-general in October 2006.
The challenges he faced were many; from Iran and North Korea’s nuclear programmes, to conflicts in the Middle East, and the threat of global warming. After two terms, Ban left office and was replaced by Antonio Guterres in 2017.
As many of the issues he faced still remain, what can the UN do to have a bigger impact and effect global change? The former Secretary-General of the United Nations, Ban Ki-moon, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Argentina was once one of the world’s richest countries, but mismanagement and a lack of planning turned it into one of the most volatile of economies.
Its foreign debt is growing, with more than $40bn owed to the International Monetary Fund. And there is a big bill outstanding to European countries that dates back to the 1950s.
So, will Argentina ever be able to pay its debt? Argentina’s Foreign Minister, Felipe Sola, talks to Al Jazeera.
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Russia has been a major player in the Middle East for decades, whether it be politically, economically or militarily.
In this two-part Talk to Al Jazeera interview, Russia's Deputy Foreign Minister Mikhail Bogdanov discusses the crises in Syria and Libya, Iran's nuclear deal and the latest Israeli offensive in Gaza.
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Russia has been a major player in the Middle East for decades, whether it be politically, economically or militarily.
In this two-part Talk to Al Jazeera interview, Russia's Deputy Foreign Minister Mikhail Bogdanov discusses the crises in Syria and Libya, Iran's nuclear deal and the latest Israeli offensive in Gaza.
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In recent years Venezuela has become known the world over for its struggle between those who defend democracy and those intent on ruling for life.
Many accuse the government of cracking down on protesters, arrests without charge, political prosecutions and forcing critical voices into exile.
One of those voices belongs to former Attorney General Luisa Ortega.
Now, exiled in Colombia, Ortega continues to be one of the most vocal critics against Venezuela’s government, describing her home country now as a failed state.
Venezuela’s former attorney general Luisa Ortega talks to Al Jazeera.
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As nearly 250 Palestinians were killed in Israel's latest offensive in Gaza, many wonder how long will the truce last.
Pakistan's Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi attended the United Nations General Assembly's emergency session where the effects of the Israeli offensive in Gaza was condemned.
Pakistan aims to play a prominent role when it comes to peace, security and stability in the region.
But is it possible, given the geopolitical dynamics?
Pakistan's Foreign Minister Shah Mahmood Qureshi talks to Al Jazeera.
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The latest Israeli offensive in Gaza that started May 11 is considered the worst since the 2014 Gaza War.
Israel’s security cabinet and Hamas agreed to a ceasefire 11 days later.
But how long will the truce last?
And while the Israeli offensive seems to have brought the Palestinian people together, it is not clear if it also brought unification among the leaders of the Palestinian factions.
As some question if the Palestinian Authority is still relevant, what role did it actually play in the agreement?
The Palestinian Foreign Minister, Riyad al-Maliki, talks to Al Jazeera.
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It’s been one year since Iraq's Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi took office.
But the country has been marked in recent decades by conflict, turmoil, and instability.
There was the U.S. invasion in 2003 and the chaos of the transition to a new beginning.
In the years that followed, endemic corruption and sectarian violence.
More recently, civil disobedience, the killing of protesters by security forces, the effects of US-Iran tensions, and the COVID-19 pandemic and the devastation caused to an already fragile economy.
So how promising does the future look for Iraq?
Iraq's Prime Minister, Mustafa al-Kadhimi, talks to Al Jazeera. - Subscribe to our channel: http://aje.io/AJSubscribe - Follow us on Twitter: https://twitter.com/AJEnglish - Find us on Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/aljazeera - Check our website: https://www.aljazeera.com/
It has been one year since Iraq's Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi took office. But the country has been marked in recent decades by conflict, turmoil and instability.
There was the US invasion in 2003 and the chaos of the transition to a new beginning. In the years that followed, there was endemic corruption and sectarian violence. And more recently, there has been civil disobedience, the killing of protesters by security forces, the effects of US-Iran tensions, the COVID-19 pandemic and the devastation caused to an already fragile economy.
So how promising does the country's future look? Iraq's Prime Minister Mustafa al-Kadhimi talks to Al Jazeera.
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It has been nearly 100 days since Myanmar’s military took power in a coup, triggering mass protests. The country's security forces have responded with violence. Hundreds have been killed in the crackdown.
Shortly after the coup in February, Myanmar’s ambassador to the United Nations spoke out against the military leaders. Ambassadors of many countries, including the United States, joined Myanmar’s envoy in condemning the actions by the military, but others like China have refused to do so.
Will the international community reach a consensus on the matter or remain polarised? Myanmar’s UN ambassador, Kyaw Moe Tun, talks to Al Jazeera.
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The Ibera wetlands are a 1.3 million-hectare (3.2 million-acre) natural reserve in northeastern Argentina. But in recent years, wildlife in the area has suffered because of rapid development, industrialised agriculture and uncontrolled cattle grazing.
Argentina is one of the world’s top food producers. Beef and grain are some of its main exports. And now, as the country stretches its agricultural capabilities even further, several conservation strategies are being tried out and, it seems, some of them are working.
On this edition of Talk to Al Jazeera: In the Field, Teresa Bo meets some of those determined to work on rewilding Argentina.
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Having lifted 20 million Brazilians out of poverty, Lula da Silva left office in 2011 after an eight-year term, with a nearly 90 percent approval rating.
Three years later, a criminal investigation estimated that more than $2bn had been largely embezzled through Brazil’s oil company Petrobras' funds. It led to the imprisonment of several politicians, including Lula, who was released in 2019 after the Supreme Court ruled the process had been unlawful.
The former leader is now 75 and a free man. So, does he have ambitions to become Brazil’s president again? Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva talks to Al Jazeera.
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Amina Mohammed has risen from humble beginnings in Nigeria to become the most powerful woman in the United Nations. For more than 30 years, she has worked hard to shine a light on the developmental challenges facing our world – particularly women.
At a time when there are concerns that the COVID-19 pandemic could wipe out the progress made towards gender equality in multiple areas, what can be done to build back a fair world for women after the injustices of the pandemic? And would she like to become Nigeria's first female president?
UN Deputy Secretary-General Amina Mohammed talks to Al Jazeera.
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Ireland is one of Europe's economic success stories, ranking amongst the world's wealthiest countries.
Now, the Irish government is looking to play a more prominent diplomatic role on the world stage. Minister for Foreign Affairs Simon Coveney even travelled to Tehran recently to meet with Iranian President Hassan Rouhani, aiming to make Ireland a mediator between the parties involved in the disputed nuclear deal.
Will he succeed at what seems one of the world’s most pressing diplomatic challenges? And what is the Irish perspective on other international affairs, from Brexit to the COVID-19 pandemic? Simon Coveney talks to Al Jazeera.
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At 7,000 kilometres (4,350 miles), the Nile is Africa’s longest river. But a mega project, the Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam, has triggered a major dispute in the region.
While Addis Ababa says the dam is crucial to its economic development, Cairo calls it an existential threat. And Khartoum fears the project will increase the risk of flooding and affect the safe operation of its own dams on the river.
Can Ethiopia, Sudan, and Egypt find a diplomatic solution to their dispute, or will it escalate further? Sudan’s Irrigation Minister Yasser Abbas talks to Al Jazeera.
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February 1 marked the start of a coup by the army in Myanmar.
Elected leader Aung San Suu Kyi and other officials were detained and a state of emergency declared. All communication services were shut down, but that did not stop from people from taking to the streets.
Having lived under military rule for 50 years, many were determined to hold onto the democratic government they had gained in 2011.
On this edition of Talk to Al Jazeera, Dr Sasa, the international envoy for Myanmar’s deposed civilian government, and Tom Andrews, the UN's special rapporteur on Myanmar, talk about what can be done to re-establish democratic rule in the country.
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October 2019 marked the beginning of the largest grassroots protests in Iraq’s modern history.
The so-called October Revolution was driven by young people who came of age in the post-Saddam Hussein era, but whose dreams for a better future did not materialise because of a ruling class they saw as corrupt and beholden to foreign interests.
In this episode of Talk to Al Jazeera: In the Field, correspondent Simona Foltyn follows the journey of Mustafa Makki Kareem, a young Iraqi known as “Joker”, leader of a group of protesters risking it all in pursuit of systemic change in the country.
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Sri Lanka’s civil war lasted nearly 30 years.
Although it ended in 2009, deep wounds are still open.
More than 100,000 people were killed and numerous atrocities and war crimes were committed.
Twelve years on, many say justice has not been served.
A United Nations report warns that "the failure of Sri Lanka to address past violations has significantly heightened the risk of human rights violations being repeated".
Can Sri Lanka ever close the wounds left by years of conflict and human rights violations?
And will justice ever be served?
Sri Lanka’s foreign secretary, Admiral Jayanath Colombage, talks to Al Jazeera.
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President Jovenel Moïse has been accused of illegally extending his time in power. Opposition parties say the Haitian leader should have stepped down last month, but he says he can remain until 2022 after presidential elections are held this year.
The dispute has been running since Moïse was voted into office in 2015 in an election that was later cancelled over allegations of fraud. He was voted in again a year later. Protests have turned violent, and there is no sign of anyone backing down.
So, is Moïse's government legitimate? The foreign minister of Haiti, Claude Joseph, talks to Al Jazeera.
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As her country’s top diplomat, Arancha Gonzalez Laya has had to navigate and respond to questions about Spain’s foreign policy on a variety of issues.
Gonzalez Laya’s first official trip of 2021 was to the Gulf region: the UAE, Saudi Arabia and Qatar.
In Abu Dhabi she conveyed her government’s hopes for a solution to the war in Yemen.
In Riyadh, the foreign minister worked to strengthen Spain’s arms deals with the kingdom.
But are Spanish arms fuelling the war in Yemen?
Spain’s Foreign Minister Arancha Gonzalez Laya talks to Al Jazeera.
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After 30 years of chaos and conflict, this was going to be a critical year for Somalia. It was supposed to be the first one-person-one-vote election in 50 years. However, in September, that plan was abandoned and replaced with indirect elections for Parliament in December and for the president on February 8. Neither happened.
Now, the official time in office of President Mohamed Abdullahi Farmaajo has come on an end. And without political agreement, opposition leaders have declared Farmaajo’s government illegitimate.
So, what is next for Somalia? Will the government remain in office? Or will there be a power vacuum? Somalia’s Minister of Foreign Affairs Mohamed Abdirizak talks to Al Jazeera.
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With 55 million articles in more than 300 languages, Wikipedia attracts 1.7 billion visitors every month.
The freely editable content project is supported by the Wikimedia Foundation. As of 2020, the foundation employs more than 300 people and has annual revenues of more than $100m.
But at a time when truth is under assault like never before, what role does Wikipedia play in the media ecosystem? What steps is it taking to counter misinformation? And when it comes to hate speech online - should technology giants and social media platforms be the ones to moderate that?
We speak to Katherine Maher, the CEO of Wikimedia.
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The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) accounts for a large share of the world’s petroleum production and exports.
But despite the region’s natural wealth, years of conflict and turmoil have triggered many political and economic challenges: from the Arab Spring to civil wars in Syria, Iraq, Libya and Yemen; from the fragile economies of Jordan, Lebanon, and Tunisia to the COVID-19 pandemic.
So, is there hope for the economies in the region? And how can they find a way forward? We speak to Ferid Belhaj, the World Bank vice president for the MENA region.
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We often hear people say: "The sky is the limit.”
But some choose to chase their dreams far beyond that.
One of them is NASA’s aerospace engineer Diana Trujillo.
At just 17, Diana packed her bags and, without speaking any English and only $300 in her pocket, migrated to the United States.
Trujillo is now a lead engineer at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
But how did she get there? And how has her journey as an immigrant influenced her work?
NASA’s aerospace engineer Diana Trujillo talks to Al Jazeera.
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More than a million refugees have made the desperate journey to Europe in the last five years, risking it all.
Once they get there, they are often left for months on end waiting for an answer to their asylum requests.
But there is another side to this story. Some in the communities that host them say they feel forgotten too, left to deal with a problem that Europe does not want.
The shores of the Greek island of Lesbos have been the landing point for refugees for decades.
How has the island been affected?
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André Rieu is reputed to have revolutionised the classical music industry.
His extravagant tours and productions are compared with pop and rock superstars. But some classical music critics refuse to take Rieu’s work seriously, some condemn it as a commodified performance and not art.
On this episode of Talk to Al Jazeera, we travel to the Netherlands to meet the so-called “King of Waltz” in his very own castle.
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Representatives of 196 countries gathered in Paris at the 21st United Nations Climate Change Conference on December 12, 2015.
The summit brought them together to draft an agreement on sustainability for the planet.
The main long-term goal: turning back the clock on global warming by limiting temperatures to between 1.5 and 2 degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels.
But as no mechanism forces a country to set a specific emissions target by a specific date, is the Paris agreement succeeding, five years on?
Patricia Espinosa, the executive secretary of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, talks to Al Jazeera.
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In Chile, the Mapuche communities make up roughly 12 percent of the country's population.
They have historically been the poorest and most discriminated-against sector of society.
In fact, Chile is one of a few countries in the world whose constitution does not recognise its Indigenous peoples.
The conflict against the state has been simmering for years, but in recent months more radical Mapuche groups have been attacking and torching hundreds of trucks, farms, homes, forest lands owned by lumber companies and even trains.
So, is there a path to peaceful coexistence?
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The United Nations has played a central role in efforts for peace in Somalia since the downfall of President Siad Barre in 1991 prompted political chaos across the Horn of Africa.
But almost 30 years on, the Somali people still live in turmoil, hundreds of thousands have been killed and millions displaced.
As multiple parties continue to fight over control of the country, many consider Somalia to be the UN’s greatest diplomatic failure.
Will Somalia ever achieve peace?
James Swan, the special representative of the UN secretary-general and head of the UN Assistance Mission in Somalia (UNSOM), talks to Al Jazeera.
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The European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control is an agency with a mandate to strengthen Europe's defences against infectious diseases.
But there are many who question its purpose. Critics say the agency has not been effective in dealing with this crisis.
And without any executive powers, its recommendations are not legally binding.
So how will the agency convince its member states for a more unified approach to the COVID-19 pandemic?
Director of the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control Dr Andrea Ammon talks to Al Jazeera.
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Like most countries in Africa, Sierra Leone is rich in resources.
Mining, particularly iron ore, diamonds and rutile, have led to economic growth in recent years.
But despite its natural wealth, 60 percent of the population live in poverty.
President Julius Maada Bio came to power in 2018, determined to fight corruption and turn things around.
So, after more than two years in office, is he succeeding?
The president of Sierra Leone talks to Al Jazeera.
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Record levels of rainfall have caused the worst flooding on the Nile River for 100 years.
As the floods swept away livestock and crops, it led to the Nile - the lifeblood of Sudan's rich agricultural production - becoming a relentless enemy.
The United Nations estimated that 500 square kilometres (193 square miles) of land was submerged in the capital Khartoum, White Nile states and Al Gezira.
With crops washed away, nearly 10 million Sudanese face food shortages and are in desperate need of assistance.
Can Sudan overcome yet another crisis?
On this edition of Talk to Al Jazeera: In The Field, we find out more about the damage caused.
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On this edition of Talk to Al Jazeera, President Emmanuel Macron insists he understands and respects the feelings expressed by the Muslim world over the cartoons.
But, he says, he will always defend "the freedom to write, to think and to draw". Even if this does not mean he personally supports everything said, thought or drawn.
Macron says it is his duty to protect these human rights that have been won in France, as well as the sovereignty of the French people.
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Governments are at a crossroads as a second COVID-19 wave threatens more travel restrictions in many countries.
The airline industry has been devastated as airports shut down, entire fleets are grounded and pilots, cabin crew and support staff are sent home or made redundant. And the losses continue to soar.
World leaders have injected approximately $160bn into struggling carriers, but that may just be a temporary solution.
So what will it take to prevent the crash of the airline industry?
Alexandre de Juniac, the director-general and CEO of the International Air Transport Association (IATA), talks to Al Jazeera.
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On this episode of Talk to Al Jazeera: In the Field, we meet 73-year-old Nina Baginskaya, who has become an icon of Belarus's protest movement, and 42-year-old Alina Pustohod, who overcame her fear to fight for justice and regime change.
We find out what motivates them, and why women have become a driving force in the protests against Alexander Lukashenko, the man who has ruled Belarus with an iron fist since 1994.
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