Delegates of COP28 in Dubai agreed on the operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund to help the world's poorest and most vulnerable countries hit by climate change. At the same time, the impact of climate change is shaping the lives of over 300 million indigenous people around the world, which comprise less than 5% of the world's population, but protect some 80% of the global biodiversity. What's the significance of the Loss and Damage Fund to go further in tackling the surging climate threat? How can we fairly evaluate the obligations of the developed world and the rights of the Global South?