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In today’s Bible Study, we are going to study:

Repaying evil with evil

Essential Meaning of evil

Merriam Webster Dictionary:

definition of evil and examples of how the word is used:

morally bad; an evil villain; evil spirits; evil deeds; causing harm or injury to someone;

She drank an evil potion; marked by bad luck or bad events;

The city has fallen on evil days/times; morally reprehensible, sinful, wicked; an evil impulse;

arising from actual or imputed bad character or conduct; a person of evil reputation; inferior, causing discomfort or repulsion; offensive; an evil odor; disagreeable; woke up late and in an evil temper; causing harm,pernicious; the evil institution of slavery; the fact of suffering; misfortune; and wrongdoing; a cosmic evil force; something that brings sorrow; distress; or calamity; in an evil manner.

Bible Responses to Repaying Evil with Evil

As a prerequisite for any discussion of evil, moral evil must be distinguished from physical or natural evil.

This essay uses the term "moral evil" to include both social offenses (ethics — murder, theft) and cultic sins (those offenses aimed directly against the deity blasphemy, idolatry).

Moral evil, therefore, whether its setting be cultic or social, when carried out may be considered a sin.

That cultic and ethical values were one and the same in the Hebraic mind may be illustrated by the similar penalties exacted for the severest offenses in either category (death, being cut off).

Cultic values are addressed in the first four of the Ten Commandments ( Exod 20:3-11 ; Deut 5:7-15 ) and by the first of Jesus' "Great Commandments" ( Matt 22:37-40 ; Mark 12:30 ; Luke 10:27 ; cf. Deut 6:5 );

Ethics are considered in the last six of the Ten Commandments ( Exod 20:12-17 ; Deut 5:16-21 ) and by the second "Great Commandment" ( Lev 19:18 ).

Accordingly, what is morally good is not what human society decides is in its best interest, but what the revealed will of God declares.

There can be no biblical ethics that stand apart from cult nor a biblical morality apart from theology.

Instead, morality is defined by theology, which carries within it certain cultic affirmations and prohibitions together with the ethical.

For example, the same Decalogue that declares that stealing and murder are wrong likewise forbids idolatry and blasphemy.

What makes these things wrong is not some abstract quality called "the good" as sought by philosophers in time past.

Instead, what constitutes social evil is what is so defined by God, and in that respect (i.e., as to why a given act is good or bad), differs little from cultic evil.

There are, therefore, no grounds for the oft-repeated error wherein the "moral law" (the ethical) is in some way distinguished from the "ceremonial law" (the cultic) in Israel's values system.

There can be no such distinction!

That which is ethical is right because God has declared it so; the cultic portions of the Law likewise determine what is right for the same reason.

Because of this, cult and ethics often appear fused in the Bible, as in Cain's admission of guilt for a faulty sacrifice and the murder of his brother ( Gen 4:13 )

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