In part 7 of our series on the 21 Ecumenical Councils, Justin Hibbard discusses what happened at the 4th Ecumenical Council - The Council of Chalcedon. What happened when the theological sheriffs Cyril of Alexandria and John of Antioch died? How did the Second Council of Ephesus almost become the fourth ecumenical council? And what major theological debate did the Council of Chalcedon decide on that is accepted by almost all Christian sects?

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SOURCES:

• Map of the Roman Empire in the 5th Century

• The Ecumenical Councils of the Catholic Church: A History by Joseph Kelly

• The First Seven Ecumenical Councils (325-787): Their History and Theology by Leo Davis

• History of the Popes Podcast (Series on West Meets East - beginning with episode 52)

• The Tome of Pope Leo I

• Episode 113: The Great Popes

• Episode 111: Papal Infallibility

• New Advent: Robber Council of Ephesus

• New Advent: First Council of Chalcedon

• Papal Encyclicals Online: Council of Chalcedon

• Early Christian Schisms - Ephesus, the Robber Council, and Chalcedon - Extra History - Part 4

• Charlie Kirk on Mary as the Solution to Toxic Feminism

PREVIOUS EPISODES IN THIS SERIES

• Episode 146: Introduction to the 21 Ecumenical Councils

• Episode 147: The World that Led to the Council of Nicaea

• Episode 148: The First Council of Nicaea (325)

• Episode 149: From Nicaea to Constantinople

• Episode 150: The First Council of Constantinople (381)

• Episode 151: The Council of Ephesus (431)

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