After 4 years of regression in Brazil’s environmental policies, the administration of President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva has been trying to resume an environmental agenda (1). However, the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies—led by Arthur Lira, a supporter of former President Jair Bolsonaro (2)—has recently approved a provisional measure (MP) and a bill, MP1154/2023 and PL490, that would hinder Brazil’s ability to control deforestation and threats to Indigenous lands. If these bills are approved by the Senate and signed into law by the president, global trade partners should reconsider their import agreements with Brazil.