The gaur (Bos gaurus), the largest living bovine species, primarily inhabits tropical and subtropical broadleaf forests, bamboo forests, and sparsely tree-covered grasslands (1). In China, the species is mainly found in Xishuangbanna Prefecture in Yunnan Province (1, 2). Anthropogenic changes have brought this population to the brink of extinction. China must take action to save this vulnerable megafauna.