[Revised entry by Dominique Leydet on September 5, 2023. Changes to: Main text, Bibliography, notes.html] A citizen is a member of a political community who enjoys the rights and assumes the duties of membership. This broad definition is discernible, with minor variations, in the works of contemporary authors as well as in the entry "citoyen" in Diderot's and d'Alembert's Encyclopedie [1753].[1] Notwithstanding this common starting-point and certain shared...