[New Entry by Marta Halina on September 6, 2023.] Comparative cognition is the study of cognition across the tree of life. Nonhuman animals (hereafter animals) display a broad and often surprising range of cognitive abilities. Kea (a species of large parrot endemic to New Zealand) solve problems using domain-general statistical inference (Bastos a Taylor 2020), Eurasian jays are deceived by magic tricks (Garcia-Pelegrin et al. 2021), and bumblebees may be conscious (Gibbons et al. 2022). Researchers in the field of comparative cognition seek to understand the cognitive mechanisms...