In this episode I challenge conventional ideas about what metrics are important for deciding success. I discuss what traits are often discussed like sex, race, country of origin, etc. but I mostly discuss other traits that are heavily correlated with success and important metrics like if someone will go to prison, income, etc.

Edwards, Frank, Hedwig Lee, and Michael Esposito. “Risk of Being Killed by Police Use of Force in the United States by Age, Race–Ethnicity, and Sex.” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 34 (August 20, 2019): 16793–98. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1821204116.

US EEOC. “Facts about Discrimination in Federal Government Employment Based on Marital Status, Political Affiliation, Status as a Parent, Sexual Orientation, and Gender Identity.” Accessed December 26, 2022. https://www.eeoc.gov/federal-sector/facts-about-discrimination-federal-government-employment-based-marital-status.

Greenwood, Shannon. “3. A Growing Share of Black Immigrants Have a College Degree or Higher.” Pew Research Center Race & Ethnicity (blog), January 20, 2022. https://www.pewresearch.org/race-ethnicity/2022/01/20/a-growing-share-of-black-immigrants-have-a-college-degree-or-higher/.

———. “One-in-Ten Black People Living in the U.S. Are Immigrants.” Pew Research Center Race & Ethnicity (blog), January 20, 2022. https://www.pewresearch.org/race-ethnicity/2022/01/20/one-in-ten-black-people-living-in-the-u-s-are-immigrants/.

“Income and Wealth in the United States: An Overview of the Latest Data.” Accessed January 1, 2023. https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2022/11/income-and-wealth-in-the-united-states-an-overview-of-recent-data.

Institute for Family Studies. “Less Poverty, Less Prison, More College: What Two Parents Mean For Black and White Children.” Accessed January 1, 2023. https://ifstudies.org/blog/less-poverty-less-prison-more-college-what-two-parents-mean-for-black-and-white-children.

“Opinion: The Harsh Truth about Black Enrollment at America’s Elite Colleges - MarketWatch.” Accessed January 1, 2023. https://www.marketwatch.com/story/the-harsh-truth-about-black-enrollment-at-americas-elite-colleges-2020-06-25.

Rowe, Ian. “Creating an Opportunity Society and Upward Mobility for People of All Races,” n.d.

https://www.apa.org. “Standing Tall Pays off, Study Finds.” Accessed December 26, 2022. https://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug04/standing.

Tauriac, Jesse J., and Joan H. Liem. “Exploring the Divergent Academic Outcomes of U.S.-Origin and Immigrant-Origin Black Undergraduates.” Journal of Diversity in Higher Education 5, no. 4 (December 2012). https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030181.