Sepsis is a clinical syndrome in which an infection leads to an inflammatory response throughout the body that rapidly progresses to organ dysfunction or even death. Worldwide, neonatal sepsis affects 2,202 infants per 100,000 live births, and has a mortality rate of >11%. In the United States, early onset sepsis affects 50 in 100,000 live births, with a mortality rate of about 3%. So it’s a big problem that we don’t want to miss. In this episode, we will define neonatal sepsis, talk about the presentation of sepsis, what a sepsis workup entails, how to make the diagnosis and treatment of neonatal sepsis.

1. Defining Neonatal Sepsis
2. Early Onset Sepsis

3. Late Onset Sepsis

4. Neonatal Early Onset Sepsis Calculator - https://neonatalsepsiscalculator.kaiserpermanente.org/

5. Presentation of Illness and Physical Exam
6. Pathogenesis
7. Group B Strep

8. Screening and prophylaxis

9. E coli

10. Strep viridans
11. Klebsiella
12. Enterococcus
13. Listeria
14. HSV

15. Screening and prophylaxis

16. Types of Infection

17. Bacteremia
18. Pneumonia

19. Meningitis

20. Work up

21. CBC with differential
22. Blood Culture
23. Urinalysis and Urine Culture
24. Cerebrospinal Fluid culture
25. Chest X-Ray

26. Surface swabs of mucous membranes

27. Antimicrobial coverage

28. Evaluation and Treatment of a Well Appearing Febrile Infant 8-60 days old
29. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-052228
30. 8-21 days
31. 22-28 days
32. 29-60 days

References:

1. Neonatal Early Onset Sepsis Calculator - https://neonatalsepsiscalculator.kaiserpermanente.org/
2. AAP Guidelines for Evaluation and Treatment of a Well Appearing Febrile Infant 8-60 days old: https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2021-052228