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A certain word was taught by one beraisa to exclude women from the laws of sukkah, while a different beraisa uses the same word to include women in the laws of Yom Kippur. The gemara explains that actually the law is a halacha l’Moshe misinai and the possuk is only an asmachta.

Summary

Question: Which law is derived from the possuk and which from the existing halacha?

Additional Challenge: Neither a possuk nor a halacha is necessary. We know that woman are excluded from sukkah because it is a time-bound mitzvah which women are exempt from. And we know that women are included in the laws of Yom Kippur from teaching of Rabbi Yehuda quoting Rav:

Rabbi Yehuda quoting Rav, and it was also taught in Rabbi Yishmael’s Beis Medrash: When the possuk states “A man or woman” they’re equally included in all punishments of the Torah, which means that all restrictions of the Torah [including Yom Kippur] apply equally.

Abayye: Sukkah is the one derived from Halacha L’Moshe MiSinai. Since there is a principle of teishvu k’ein taduru (21.2) we would think that women are included in sukkah just as they live with their husbands in their homes.

Rava: [Another reason the halacha is necessary regarding sukkah]. One might think that the teaching of “The Fifteenth” (22.3) would include women in all laws of sukkah.

Question: Since the possuk of “All the citizens” is not necessary for excluding women from the laws of sukkah, what does it teach?

Response: Geirim are included in the laws of sukkah. Citizens would exclude Geirim, “All the citizens” includes Geirim as well.

Question: Why is a possuk necessary to teach us that women are included in the laws of Yom Kippur, since it can be derived from the teaching of Rabbi Yehuda quoting Rav?

Response: The possuk is still necessary to teach that the law of “Tosfos Yom Hakippurim” applies to women as well even though it is not included in the punishment.

Challenge: The beraisa (23.4) teaches that children are obligated in sukkah, but the mishna (23.4) teaches that they’re exempt?

Resolution: The beraisa is referring to children who are chinuch -aged [and thus have a rabbinic obligation to sit in the sukkah].

Challenge: But the beraisa derives this from a possuk, how can it be referring to a rabbinic obligation?

Resolution: Indeed. The possuk is merely an asmachta.