Cathedral Talk: Recent Episodes
Tom Schutt
Tom reveals to David and Zack for the first time his latest Minecraft build: The Acropolis of Athens.
SEE: Tom’s Acropolis of Athens (scroll down for photo gallery)
SEE: The Acropolis of Athens
SEE: The Parthenon
SEE: The Propylaea
SEE: The Erechtheion
SEE: Caryatids
SEE: The Stoa of Eumenes
SEE: The Theater of Dionysus
SEE: The Odeon of Pericles
SEE: The Odeon of Herodes Atticus
SEE: The Acropolis Restoration Project
SEE: Tom’s Acropolis YouTube video
Tom shares accounts of the ceremonies and celebrations for the reopening of the Cathédrale Notre-Dame de Paris.
SEE: Notre-Dame interior before the 2019 Fire
SEE: Notre-Dame interior fully restored
SEE: Gustavo Dudamel conducts Saint-Saëns Symphony No. 3 inside Notre-Dame
SEE: Notre-Dame de Paris Reopens – The Complete Dec. 7 Reopening Ceremony
SEE: Notre-Dame de Paris Reopens – The Complete Dec. 8 Evening Mass
SEE: Washington National Cathedral bells ring a quarter peal for Notre-Dame's reopening
The gents do a deep dive into the world of Change Ringing with church bells, comparing and contrasting with other types of ringing.
SEE: Change Ringing
SEE: Campanology
SEE: Peal
SEE: BellBoard
SEE: North American Change Ringing Towers
SEE: Love’s Guide to the Bells of the City of London
SEE: Love’s Guide to the Church Bells of Kent
SEE: The Central Council of Church Bell Ringers (CCCBR)
SEE: North American Guild of Change Ringers (NAGCR)
SEE: The Ancient Society of College Youths (ASCY)
SEE: Ringing up in peal – Yardley, Derick Obergene Society
SEE: Handbell Change Ringing – ASCY 2021 Dinner
SEE: National Cathedral Bells, 1349 Grandsire Caters 2013-12-31
Zack investigates the origin of Salisbury steak.
SEE: Salisbury steak
SEE: Broil
Tom compares and contrasts English gothic with French gothic, using Salisbury cathedral to demonstrate the design aesthetics and choices of the medieval English builders.
SEE: English gothic architecture
SEE: Salisbury Cathedral
SEE: Documentary—Britain’s Great Cathedrals w/ Tony Robinson, Ep3 Salisbury
SEE: Patriarchal cross
SEE: Britain’s tallest churches
SEE: Old St. Paul’s Cathedral
SEE: Lincoln Cathedral
SEE: Original Tower of Salisbury
SEE: Bowing Central Piers of Salisbury
SEE: Salisbury Cathedral clock
SEE: Cathedral close
SEE: Cathedral cloisters
SEE: Magna Carta
Tom shares his latest Minecraft build of Salisbury cathedral.
SEE: Tom’s Salisbury Cathedral (1:1 scale) build
SEE: Tom’s YouTube Salisbury Cathedral video
Zack demonstrates how to use the Create Mod to build customized factories that can generate a variety of blocks using the power of water, wind, and steam.
SEE: Create, Minecraft Mod (curseforge.com)
SEE: BdoubleO100 Create Mod Playlist
SEE: Tango Tek Create Mod Playlist, Season 2
David and Zack run the show, discussing the latest restoration updates at Notre-Dame.
SEE: Restoration Progress at Notre-Dame
SEE: 60 Minutes Video on Notre-Dame’s Restoration
Zack briefly discusses visiting David and Tom on the East Coast.
SEE: National Cherry Blossom Festival
SEE: Cherry Blossom Biome in Minecraft 1.20
David and Zack get a chance to weigh in on Tom’s interview with Joe Alonso from Episode 25, regarding masonry and the Washington National Cathedral.
SEE: Washington National Cathedral (WNC)
SEE: WNC Slides—Tour & Earthquake
SEE: Architect
SEE: Structural engineer
SEE: Stonemasonry
SEE: Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rock
SEE: Stone carving
SEE: Russell Sage Memorial Chapel
Tom shares that the construction of Notre-Dame’s main crossing vault is underway.
SEE: Wooden centering for main crossing vault at Notre-Dame—NBC Today
DONATE: Washington National Cathedral Preservation (click podcast box at bottom)
Joe Alonso, Head Stonemason at Washington National Cathedral, discusses repairing the cathedral after the 2011 earthquake in DC, along with a variety of construction topics including structure settlement, mortar application, limestone qualities, and a special visit from the architects of Notre-Dame de Paris.
SEE: Washington National Cathedral (WNC)
SEE: WNC Slides—Tour & Earthquake
SEE: WNC—Art & Architecture Virtual Tours
SEE: 2011 Virginia earthquake
SEE: Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception
SEE: George Frederick Bodley (architect 1906–1907)
SEE: Henry Vaughan (architect 1907–1917)
SEE: Philip H. Frohman (architect 1921–1972)
SEE: Notre-Dame Architects US Tour—Philippe Villeneuve & Rémi Fromont
SEE: Tuckpointing
SEE: Portland cement
SEE: Indiana Limestone
SEE: Empire Quarry
SEE: Cathedral of St. John the Divine
SEE: The International Union of Bricklayers & Allied Craftworkers
The gents further investigate the eccentricities of Trombone Champ.
SEE: Trombone Champ
Tom, David, and Zack examine the architecture of Amiens Cathedral, the one of the largest gothic cathedrals in the world.
SEE: Amiens Cathedral
SEE: Amiens Cathedral Slides
SEE: Life of a Cathedral: Notre-Dame of Amiens (Columbia University interactive)
SEE: Notre-Dame de Amiens: Life of the Gothic Cathedral, by Dr. Stephen Murray
SEE: NOVA (2010)—Building the Great Cathedrals (PBS)
SEE: Dolly zoom (camera effect)
SEE: Vertigo (1958 Hitchcock film)
Tom shares his latest Minecraft build—Notre-Dame de Amiens.
SEE: Tom’s Amiens Cathedral (1:1 scale) build
SEE: Tom’s YouTube Amiens Cathedral video
Tom, David, and Zack discuss the architecture in Disney’s animated 1996 adaptation of the Hunchback of Notre-Dame.
SEE: Disney’s Notre-Dame vs Real Notre-Dame
SEE: Up-wrong bell (clapper strikes counter to bell’s motion)
SEE: Up-right bell (clapper strikes in-sync with bell’s motion)
SEE: Hunchback Intro up-wrong bell (behind title, 9 seconds)
SEE: Palais de la Cité, a.k.a.: Palais de Justice, Paris
Tom, David, and Zack share their proposed casting lists for the upcoming live-action adaptation of Disney’s Hunchback of Notre-Dame. In order of discussion:
QUASIMODO: 1996 Cast—Tom Hulce
Jesús Castro—cast by Zack
Rami Malek—cast by David
Peter Dinklage—cast by Tom
ESMERALDA: 1996 Cast—Demi Moore & Heidi Mollenhauer
Alina Serban—cast by Zack
Renée Elise Goldsberry—cast by David
Zoe Saldaña—cast by Tom
PHOEBUS: 1996 Cast—Kevin Kline
Gaspard Ulliel (deceased)—in memoriam, Zack
Stephen Manas—cast by Zack
Chris Pine—cast by Tom
The Hollywood Chrises—go-to list for David
FROLLO: 1996 Cast—Tony Jay
Vincent Cassel—cast by Zack
Charles Dance—cast by Tom
Mark Strong—cast by David, choice 1
Billy Crudup—cast by David choice 2
CLOPIN: 1996 Cast—Paul Kandel
Óscar Jaenada—cast by Zack
Tom Hiddleston—cast by David, choice 1
Robert Carlyle—cast by David, choice 2
Maisie Williams—cast by David, choice 3
ARCHDEACON: 1996 Cast—David Ogden Stiers
Gérard Depardieu—hard rejection by Zack
Daniel Auteuil—cast by Zack
Brian Cox—cast by David
Donald Sumpter—cast by Tom
VICTOR: 1996 Cast—Charles Kimbrough
Stephen Merchant—cast by Zack
Jim Carter—cast by Tom
HUGO: 1996 Cast—Jason Alexander
Jason Alexander (why not?)—recast by Zack
Trevor Noah—cast by Zack
Jerome Flynn—cast by Tom
LAVERNE: 1996 Cast—Mary Wickes
Tony Shalhoub—cast by Tom
Aisha Tyler—cast by Zack
Originally recorded as a trial episode back in mid-2020 during the early days of the COVID-19 Pandemic, Tom discusses whether building mega-skyscrapers next to the Empire State Building would disfigure the the New York City skyline.
SEE: 15 Penn Plaza
SEE: The Guardian (2010)—New York skyscraper to rival Empire State Building
SEE: List of the Tallest Buildings in the World
SEE: Burj Khalifa
SEE: Space Elevator
The gents discuss whether cinemas and big-budget movies are on the way out due to all the new streaming services.
SEE: List of most expensive films ever produced
Tom asks David and Zack what the traffic rules are for stopping for a school bus with an active stop-sign on a divided highway.
SEE: School Bus Laws By State—When to stop and when not to!
Zack struggles to contemplate Tyrannosaurus as a big chicken.
SEE: NYT (2019)—T.Rex Like You Haven’t Seen Him: With Feathers
SEE: Supervolcanos
SEE: Geocentric vs. Heliocentric Universes
SEE: Relativity of Simultaneity
Tom completes the "Phase 1" (1163–1170 A.D.) of his 2:1 scale Minecraft model of Notre-Dame, consisting of the vaulted double-ambulatory and above it, the second-level gallery, complete with various low flying-buttresses.
SEE: THSchutt’s Notre-Dame(2:1) build, Phase 1 (1163–1170 A.D.)
David and Tom recount their experience at the National Building Museum to see the Notre-Dame de Paris: The Augmented Exhibition which has been open since April 2022 through September 2022, with countless graphics and interactive applications.
SEE: National Building Museum (NBM)
SEE: NBM—Notre-Dame de Paris: The Augmented Exhibition
SEE: Museum of London—Great Fire of London (1666), Minecraft Model
SEE: Virtual Reality
SEE: Augmented Reality
SEE: National Trust, UK—Explore Virtual Ruins in Minecraft (Grian’s Corfe Castle)
SEE: Grian—Using Real Ruins to Create a Castle in Minecraft
SEE: Assassin’s Creed
SEE: Pagan Scientists at Chartres Cathedral
SEE: The Paris Fire Brigade
SEE: Deep-Cleaning of Notre-Dame’s Limestone
Zack probes Tom and David regarding artificial chimes and carillons that use recorded bell sounds rather than actual bells.
SEE: Electronic carillons
Tom recalls his experience of hearing a full peal at Bath Abbey.
SEE: Bath Abbey Bells, full peal on Oct. 17, 2021
SEE: Royal Crescent in Bath, England
Tom recounts his first trip to Notre-Dame during Easter 2007, when the 19th c. Bells where still hung for ringing in the north tower belfry.
SEE: Notre-Dame 19th c. Bells, ringing Christmas 2011 (ground level)
SEE: Notre-Dame 19th c. Bells, ringing Easter 2009 (galerie de chimeres level)
Tom and David reminisce over their joint trip to see Notre-Dame on Easter 2013, just as the new peal of bells had become operational for Eastertide.
SEE: Notre-Dame 2013 Bells, full peal “Sonnerie du Grand Solemnel”
SEE: Notre-Dame 2013 Bells, ringing Easter 2013 (Tom & David recording)
Tom shares photos provided by the Friends of Notre-Dame de Paris foundation depicting the fire damage to the north tower belfry, obtained after much persistence.
SEE: Fire Damage to Notre-Dame North Tower Belfry (scroll down)
Tom discusses building the Roman Colosseum in Minecraft, demonstrating how he modeled its curvature based on the theories of Ingegner Giuseppe Cozzo, while discussing its history and influence upon Gothic architecture later on.
SEE: Tom’s Colosseum(1:1 scale) build
SEE: Tom’s Colosseum curvature calculations & plans (Excel spreadsheet)
SEE: Cozzo’s Polycentric-Curve Theory for the Colosseum
SEE: Tom’s YouTube Colosseum video
SEE: Wiki—The Roman Colosseum
SEE: Wiki—Classical Roman Arch
SEE: Wiki—Groin Vault
David gets inspired to categorize the different types of podcast listeners with his own polycentric modeling; Zack provides helpful feedback.
SEE: The Polycentric Circle of Cathedral Talk’s Listeners (MS Paint work of art)
The Cathedral Talk YouTube channel now has the first couple of podcast episodes uploaded with some nifty video footage as an optional accompaniment. More episodes are to be uploaded in the future (at unavoidably irregular intervals).
SEE: Cathedral Talk YouTube Links
More restoration news at Notre-Dame continues to be published now that we have passed the third anniversary of the fire.
SEE: FRANCE24—Notre-Dame Restoration Update for 3rd Anniversary of Fire
Tom discusses the unorthodox decisions made with the construction of St. Patrick’s Cathedral in New York City which put its categorization as a “Gothic” cathedral up for debate. David and Zack consider revisions to our overall definition of Gothic architecture.
SEE: Wiki—St. Patrick’s Cathedral
SEE: NYT Article—Restoration of St. Patrick’s Cathedral, A Gift to NY in Time for the Pope
SEE: Wiki—Gothic Architecture
David presents his very late Christmas gift to Zack, reminding Zack to share literature he received for Christmas about cathedrals. Meanwhile, Tom shares an article about a “soundscape archaeologist” who is working to recreate the sounds that would have existed in Notre-Dame during the medieval times.
SEE: The sounds rebuilding Notre-Dame’s previous vaults (article)
SEE: Guédelon Castle
Tom, David, and Zack evaluate the experience of live music, judging what its advantages are over recorded music. Tom argues that experiencing cathedral music is one of the hardest live-music venues to replicate. The gents ponder how humans have many different ways to listen to music.
SEE: Hello Internet (podcast)
SEE: Mahler’s 2nd Symphony
SEE: Deep Listeners, by Judith Becker
SEE: Eidetic memory
SEE: The Organ of St. Paul’s Cathedral
SEE: XKCD Comic 878: Model Rail (nesting concerns)
SEE: Synecdoche, New York (movie)
SEE: Self-similarity
Tom shares his latest progress on building the twin-aisled vaulting throughout the ambulatory of the chevet for his 2:1 scaled Minecraft model of Notre-Dame.
SEE: THSchutt’s Notre-Dame(2:1) build, Phase 1 (1163–1170 A.D.)
David discusses how the Steve Jobs movie, written by Aaron Sorkin, is very entertaining yet wildly erroneous. Tom compares this with other loose adaptations of history. Zack debates how to judge characters within narratives.
SEE: Steve Jobs (2015)
SEE: The Iliad
SEE: The Trojan War
SEE: Shakespearean histories
SEE: Richard III (play)
SEE: Julius Caesar (play)
SEE: The Lord of the Rings
SEE: Saruman the White
SEE: Paradise Lost
Tom discusses how different some Minecraft players can build not only epic castles, but also the very mountain ranges that said castles can be nestled into.
SEE: NoxusBolgar’s Tephra Castle & the Town of Noxshire
Zack shows how certain player-made structures can greatly enhance the already amazing caves of Minecraft patch 1.18.
SEE: Jeracraft’s Epic Lush Cave Transformation
David shares his favorite style of building in Minecraft: cliff-side houses with a view.
SEE: Build Therapy’s Cliffside House
SEE: Spiderboy’s Cliffside House
Tom inquires about Zack’s fictitious Roomba.
SEE: Roomba
SEE: Lego Colosseum
The gents discuss why donating to Notre-Dame is a worthwhile endeavor and how they decide what makes a cause worth donating to.
SEE: Friends of Notre-Dame de Paris
SEE: 2011 Virginia earthquake (DC, MD, VA)
Tom provides more cardinal errata regarding the different ranks of catholic cardinals.
SEE: Cardinal (Catholic Church)
David discusses his new favorite Netflix movie.
SEE: Don’t Look Up (Netflix)
Tom quizzes David and Zack on the nomenclature for different vertical elements of Gothic cathedrals, having already quizzed them in Episode 3 on groundplan lexicon.
SEE: Gothic Cathedral Vertical Elements Vocabulary (matching)
SEE: Triforium
SEE: Gallery
Zack gets confused about ostriches.
SEE: Ostriches
David learns of the author of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.
SEE: Ian Fleming
Tom showcases the architecture of the Pantheon of Ancient Rome, which was the progenitor of much cathedral architecture that followed afterwards.
SEE: The Pantheon images, models, and diagrams
SEE: The Pantheon (Ancient Rome)
SEE: Dome (masonry)
SEE: Rotunda
SEE: Tholobate (Drum)
SEE: Coffering
SEE: Portico
SEE: Pediment
SEE: Monolithic Column
SEE: Pilaster
Tom, David, and Zack confuse themselves over the different types of cardinals of the Catholic Church.
SEE: Cardinal
SEE: André Vingt-Trois
Tom gives Zack and David a tour of his Minecraft build for the Pantheon.
SEE: Tom’s Pantheon(1:1 scale) build
Tom provides errata regarding the origin of the term “Gothic” architecture.
SEE: Gothic Art (Britannica)
Tom, Zack, and David discuss how recent features added to Minecraft have expanded building opportunities, particularly regarding how wall blocks operate in 1.16 and beyond.
SEE: Improved Walls in Minecraft (by Pixlriffs)
The gents also discuss the additional features that they would like to see in the game in the future.
SEE: Minecraft Timeline
SEE: Minecraft Java Version History
SEE: Minecraft Future Planned Versions
Tom discusses campanology, the study of bells.
SEE: Campanology
SEE: Change ringing
SEE: Chime
SEE: Tolling
SEE: Peal
SEE: Carillon
SEE: Bourdon bells
Tom presents his ranked list of The World’s Top 10 Best Bourdon Bells.
SEE: The World’s Top 10 Best Bourdon Bells
Tom briefly discusses using recordings of bells for the podcast’s theme.
SEE: Doppler effect
SEE: Concert pitch (Treaty of Versailles, under 19th and 20th c. standards)
David shares his challenges with handling expectations and when they are not met.
SEE: Hofstadter’s Law
Tom gives Zack and David homework, to watch his favorite documentary on cathedrals with renowned author and artist David Macaulay.
SEE: “Cathedral” with David Macaulay, 1986 PBS special
Tom has Zack and David partake in a short activity where they must sequence a sample of Romanesque and Gothic monuments in order by construction date.
SEE: Nave Elevations of France & England ACTIVITY
SEE: Nave Elevations of France & England CHART
Tom shares insights about the Basilica of Saint Denis with regard to the origin of Gothic architecture, proposed by historian and YouTuber Myles Zhang.
SEE: The Origins of Gothic Architecture at Saint-Denis, by Myles Zhang
The gents take a photographic tour of these Romanesque and Gothic churches that exemplify the slow evolution of Gothic architecture over centuries, in both France and England.
SEE: Gothic Lineage via Sample of Churches in France and England Images
Tom explains the different types of Rib Vaults in Gothic architecture—Sexpartite Vaults vs. Quadripartite Vaults.
SEE: Rib Vaults
Zack offers a few corrections to information shared on stellar fusion which was discussed in podcast episode #7. Tom shares a few brief updates about finishing the exterior wall of the choir on the 2:1 scale Notre-Dame model. The gents briefly investigate the use of organs throughout Notre-Dame’s history.
SEE: The Hunchback of Notre-Dame – “God Help The Outcasts” [Minecraft Noteblocks]
SEE: “Kyrie Eleison," from Becket (1964)
The gents discuss the contributions to music that were made by the Notre-Dame School of Music in the late 12th c. and early 13th c.
SEE: Notre-Dame School of Music
SEE: Notre Dame Cathedral: The Birthplace Of Music As We Know It Today
SEE: Early Organum
Here are three surviving pieces from the composer Perotin from the Notre-Dame School of Music during the early days of its construction. These versions are recorded by the MusicNetMaterials YouTube channel.
SEE: Perotin - Viderunt Omnes, Sheet Music + Audio
SEE: Perotin: Sederunt principes. Escuela de Notre Dame. Primera sección
SEE: Perotin: Sederunt Principes. Escuela de Notre Dame. Organum.
The gents discuss the possibility of re-sheathing Notre-Dame’s roof with lead.
SEE: FRANCE 24 (English) – Report that Notre-Dame Roof to be Re-sheathed in Lead
Tom discusses past roof-fires at other French Gothic cathedrals.
SEE: Chartres Cathedral Roof Fire of 1836
SEE: Reims Cathedral Roof Fire of 1914 (WWI)
SEE: Amiens Cathedral Present Day Unburnt Roof, built approx. 1300–1305
SEE: Amiens Cathedral Nave Roof Structure
Tom builds a gold/experience farm without building above the Nether roof ceiling.
SEE: Ilmango Gold/XP Farm (original version from patch 1.11–1.13)
David briefly discusses how to avoid being overwhelmed by extensively complex games.
SEE: Crusader Kings 3
Tom learns of a possible difference between cathedral “apses” and “hemicycles.”
SEE: Apses vs. Hemicycles Comparison
Zack challenges conventional wisdom over the most important functions of language.
SEE: Mathematical Synonyms, Antonyms, Homophones, and Heteronymns
SEE: Information Theory
SEE: Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
David discovers a newly proposed Lego Ideas build for Chitty Chitty Bang Bang.
SEE: Lego Ideas – Chitty Flies Again, by Norders
SEE: Lego Ideas – UCS Chitty Chitty Bang Bang, by Norders (older version)
Tom, David, and Zack discuss playing other games for creativity’s sake vs. the prescribed survival multiplayer experience.
SEE: Eurogamer – Valheim Notre-Dame build
SEE: Steam – Oxygen Not Included
SEE: Sid Meier’s Civilization
SEE: Diablo 3
Tom discusses vantage points of different cathedrals as well as the effect scaling Minecraft builds has on different perspectives.
SEE: St. Paul’s Cathedral vs. Notre-Dame NEAR vs. FAR Vantage Points (+Enterprise-D)
SEE: U.S.S. Enterprise-D Shooting Models for Star Trek: The Next Generation
David and Zack explore Tom's preliminary work on the new Avalon server build for the 2:1 scale model of Notre-Dame de Paris.
SEE: Minecraft Notre-Dame Phase 1.1 – Chevet Base Buttresses and Wall
SEE: Notre-Dame’s Groundplan – Original vs. Present-Day
SEE: Grian’s Demonstration of Block Palettes for Building Mega Bases
Tom shares news and insights from the panel discussion at the French Embassy on developments with the restoration at Notre-Dame, commemorating the two-year anniversary of the April 15 fire.
SEE: French Embassy Panel – Notre-Dame de Paris: Rebuilding a Legacy
Off-topic, Tom groans about plot holes in children’s media while David and Zack briefly discuss stage musicals. Tom then recalls two trips to Chartres Cathedral, a French-gothic sister cathedral to Notre-Dame de Paris—the first trip in 2007 before restoration work was initiated and a second trip ten years later in 2017 after major restoration work was applied. The gents debate the merits and detriments of Chartres’ restoration and ponder possible ramifications that may also be relevant for Notre-Dame’s restoration.
SEE: Chartres Cathedral
SEE: Chartres Pre & Post-Restoration + Notre-Dame, St. Paul’s, and National Cathedral Images
The gents discuss building snow forts back in the day and investigate the world record for the World’s Largest Snow Fort.
SEE: SnowCastle of Kemi
SEE: Dillon Ice Castles
Latest updates surrounding the Caves & Cliffs Update to Minecraft:
SEE: Minecraft Java Edition 1.17 Update
Tom explains the difference between cathedrals and basilicas, as well as their origins and derivations.
SEE: Archbasilica of Saint John Lateran
SEE: Comprehensive List of Cathedrals
SEE: Comprehensive List of Basilicas
Tom quizzes Zack and David upon significant vocabulary regarding cathedral groundplans.
SEE: Cathedral Groundplan Vocabulary
David and Zack explore Tom's early Notre-Dame Minecraft builds.
SEE: Tom’s “Ship of Theseus” Notre-Dame build
The gents discuss different restoration proposals for the Notre-Dame from over the past two years.
SEE: 8 Modern redesigns for Notre-Dame’s spire
SEE: 17 More redesigns for Notre-Dame’s spire
SEE: Miysis Studios’ redesign for Notre-Dame’s spire and roof
Tom rejoices that Notre-Dame will be restored to its pre-fire Viollet-le-Duc form while weighing the pros and cons of traditional building materials.
SEE: Notre-Dame to be rebuilt in its 19th c. form
SEE: French Oaks to be used for Notre-Dame’s spire
SEE: Carpenters build medieval wooden trusses for Notre-Dame’s new roof
Tom, David, and Zack discuss the April 15, 2019 fire at Notre-Dame de Paris which destroyed the wooden roof and spire, leaving the cathedral heavily damaged. Tom explores modeling Notre-Dame in Minecraft, investigating details about the gothic edifice that make the cathedral surprisingly asymmetrical.
SEE: Notre-Dame Floor Plan & Elevation
Tom quizzes David and Zack on which famous monuments from around the globe receive the most tourists per year. The selection of monuments for this activity includes the following.
SEE: Famous Monuments from Around the Globe