Why We Do What We Do

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Are you already skeptical? Do you think you know? Are you a true believer? We take a scientific lens to the idea of the midlife crisis. Consider that this might be cultural, which would indicate that it is not inevitable or inherent. This further leads us to the conclusion that it is circumstantial... if it even exists at all. We'll explain the research and understanding behind the commonly accepted idea that many people experience a dramatic shift as they enter their middle years.

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Links and References: 1. https://www.helpguide.org/aging/healthy-aging/midlife-crisis 2. https://www.meawisdom.com/midlife-crisis-men/ 3. https://www.ebsco.com/research-starters/health-and-medicine/midlife-crisis-psychology 4. https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/14/health/midlife-crisis-the-conversation-wellness 5. https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/probing-question-mid-life-crisis-myth 6. https://www.apa.org/monitor/apr03/researchers 7. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/midlife-reimagined/202310/the-7-biggest-myths-about-midlife

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In our ongoing discussion about the tool used to determine why we do what we do, the functional analysis, we explore more about the various research initiatives that pioneered ways to improve on the functionality of this tool. This discussion focuses on the methodological developments and refinements that evolved over a couple of decades of research.

Recommendations* Abraham: Tzolk’in (board game; https://www.czechgames.com/games/tzolkin-the-mayan-calendar) * Shane: Dungeon Crawler Carl (Books 1-4; Ongoing Recommendation)

Holidays (8/5/2026):* Green Peppers Day * International Albarino Day * International Traffic Light Day * National Oyster Day * National Psychiatric Technician Appreciation Day * National Underwear Day * Work Like a Dog Day

Links and References: 1. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197?sid=nlm%3Apubmed 2. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111?sid=nlm%3Apubmed 3. https://scubed.io/blog/aba-data-collection-methods-explained-frequency-duration-and-interval-recording 4. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1901/jaba.1999.32-175 5. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jaba.7 6. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1901/jaba.2011.44-51 7. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1901/jaba.2008.41-97 8. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07263869500035621 9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4841258/ 10. Hanley, G. (2012). BAP 11. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1284147/ 12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11317985/ 13. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jaba.106

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What are one-hit wonders? Why do one-hit wonders happen? Is this a real thing? What about no-hit wonders? We'll get into some of the reasons and misconceptions around one-hit wonders and answer some of those questions in this mini. What's your favoriate one-hit wonder?

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Links and References: 1. https://rocknheavy.net/the-history-of-the-one-hit-wonder-a126b2f86dc2

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Experimental Functional Analyses (FAs) are one of the most foundational practices in contemporary behavior analysis. It emerged as a more conceptual exercise, but has since come to specifically describe a practice for experimentally evaluating the conditions that give rise to and maintain the occurence of certaing (usually challenging) behavior patterns. Over the next few weeks, we'll unpack the history and science of FAs as well as some of the arguments, criticisms, and controversies therein. Tell us your thoughts and experiences with FAs!

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Bear (Season 5; https://www.disneyplus.com/explore/articles/the-bear-season-5) * Shane: Fiddlehead - Baby, I’ll Change (https://open.spotify.com/album/1mWHUOXoulUP3q8ReXTAkM?si=WpihrG5CTWKPByLCi6WkyQ)

Holidays (7/29/2026):
* Anniversary of the Army Chaplain Corps * Cheese Sacrifice Purchase Day * International Tiger Day * National Lasagna Day * National Lipstick Day * Rain Day * Hepatitis Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1901/jaba.1994.27-197?sid=nlm%3Apubmed 2. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1901/jaba.1985.18-111?sid=nlm%3Apubmed 3. https://scubed.io/blog/aba-data-collection-methods-explained-frequency-duration-and-interval-recording 4. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1901/jaba.1999.32-175 5. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jaba.7 6. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1901/jaba.2011.44-51 7. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1901/jaba.2008.41-97 8. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/07263869500035621

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We did a full episode on chiropractic, but we didn't get into the application for animals. Given the questionable nature of chiropractic in the first place, applying to animals seems pretty audacious. Enough so that we thought we could unpack it fairly comprehensively in a mini format. And we did. Enjoy!

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Links and References:
1. https://skeptvet.com/2013/04/from-science-based-medicine-veterinary-chiropractic/ 2. https://www.reddit.com/r/VetTech/comments/1ojt29c/chiropractic_skeptic/ 3. https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/chiropractic-vertebral-subluxations-science-vs-pseudoscience/

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Tens of millions of people in the United States and likely hundreds of millions around the world have a shared interest in our avian friends. Birding is a hobby ranging from casual observation to expert documenting rare and common birds out in the wild. We'll describe how the hobby works, why people do, and how to get involved. Tell us your birding stories!

Recommendations
* Abraham: “Season of Surrender” by August Burns Red * Shane: Jackass - Best and Last (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt39316472/)

Holidays (7/22/2026):
* Casual Pi Day * Fragile X Awareness Day * Lion’s Share Day * Mango Day * National Hammock Day * National Penuche Fudge Day * Rat Catcher’s Day * Spooners (Spoonerism) Day * Summer Leisure Day * Captive Nations Week * Coral Reef Awareness Week * Hemingway Look Alike Days * Massage is for Every Body Week * National Moth Week * National Triathlon Week * National Zookeeper Week

Links and References:
1. https://magazine.avocadogreenmattress.com/birding-bird-watching/ 2. https://www.fws.gov/story/2024-12/birdwatching-america 3. https://www.aba.org/aba-area-big-year-rules/ 4. https://www.audubon.org/birding 5. https://www.nps.gov/articles/birding-for-beginners.htm 6. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/sex-murder-and-the-meaning-of-life/202601/seven-reasons-you-should-take-up-birdwatching-this 7. https://www.10000birds.com/reasonstobecomeabirdwatcher 8. https://www.theguardian.com/environment/commentisfree/2024/jan/08/why-do-middle-aged-people-love-birds-so-much 9. Ratcliff et al. (2008) https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0013916518806952?__cf_chl_f_tk=VXtBzZ9XKT46gHdh.rztYMOeSy8BlGcd00oA2ldf9BE-1783235319-1.0.1.1-WV4Rf6a9p_VxCL6LqTTGD2WHvAhJd1GWviF4cZHvkf0 10. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34646931/

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It seems like an obvious answer to a silly question. But try to answer it and you find it can kind of spiral into more difficult conundrums. This doesn't mean that we don't value science. On the contrary, it may mean that it means science is a value unto itself and hence elusive in its aspirational origins. We'll review some old philospohical arguments and make some of our own. What do you think the point of science is?

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Links and References:
1. https://isciencemag.co.uk/features/dear-science-students-five-philosophers-of-science-you-need-to-know-about-and-why-you-should-care/ 2. https://undsci.berkeley.edu/the-philosophy-of-science/

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An all truism about altruism. We are reflecting on this earlier episode with a more nuanced view than the first time around. When it comes to matters of philosophy, definitions are important (and, some might argue, not important at all). So, we are replaying this past episode and adding a bit of an updated discussion at the end, plus some new recommendations. Tell us what you think about altruism!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Ready or Not 2: Here I Come (https://www.searchlightpictures.com/ready-or-not-2-here-i-come) * Shane: The Bear (Season 5) and the Gary episode (https://www.hulu.com/series/gary-8c779d24-233d-4453-a22d-455a1862f913)

Holidays (7/15/2026):
* Be A Dork Day * I Love Horses Day * National Give Something Away Day * Developmental Disability Professional Day * National Stamp Out Spiking Day * National Gummi Worm Day * National Hot Dog Day * National Pet Fire Safety Day * National Respect Canada Day * National Tapioca Pudding Day * Take Your Poet to Work Day * National Baby Food Week * National Ventriloquism Week * Operation Safe Driver Week * Rabbit Week

Links and References:
* https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33705185/2. * https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-62652-13. * https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13504851.2022.20366784. * https://pubsonline.informs.org/doi/10.1287/isre.2020.09495. * https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37751434/6. * https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38748709/

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How many senses do we have? Like so many things, it depends entirely on how you define "senses." If the question is how many distinct things can we sense? Then, we have a number of sense so large it doesn't make any sense (pun intended). But, we'll get into some of the senses that can be reasonably argued to exist to paint a picture of how many potentially overlooked "senses" we might have.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/02/260208233832.htm 2. https://www.sciencealert.com/humans-may-actually-have-over-30-senses-scientists-say 3. https://dornsife.usc.edu/news/stories/how-many-senses-do-we-have/ 4. https://www.sensorytrust.org.uk/blog/how-many-senses-do-we-have

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In this discussion, we get into the grammar and structure of ASL. We also talk about non-manual markers and their importance in communication for ASL speakers. We describe how to do several signs and get into a functional analysis of sign language. Of course, we get into some various interesting tidbits (tidboints, as we sometimes like to call them) and some things to know about deaf culture.

Recommendations (Part 2)
* Abraham: Widow’s Bay (https://tv.apple.com/us/show/widows-bay/umc.cmc.1zzly0vah46bnvnwf0qkrjhh2) * Shane: GOD//MAN - LOVES YOU EP

Holidays (7/8/2026)
* Be a Kid Again Day * Coca Cola Day * Math 2.0 Day * National Freezer Pop Day * National Ice Cream Sundae Day * National Milk Chocolate with Almonds Day * SCUD Day (Savor the Comic, Unplug the Drama) * Air Conditioning Appreciation Days * Be Nice to New Jersey Week * National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee Weeks * Nude Recreation Weekend * Blueberry Day * World Allergy Day * Shark Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-hearing 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congenital_hearing_loss 3. https://www.bridgesfordeafandhh.org/deaf-history 4. https://www.historytoday.com/archive/history-matters/no-longer-deaf-past 5. https://sk.sagepub.com/ency/edvol/the-sage-deaf-studies-encyclopedia/chpt/deaf-history-antiquity#_ 6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cy3mD7rH1aY 7. https://www.northwestschool.com/programs/s-e-e-classes/ 8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YVNSrGy8lIw 9. https://www.tactilecommunications.org/Resources/ProTactile

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In our strange decision to record a two-part mini, we are following up last week's mini with more information about the recent Iran "deal." Of course, we recorded this well before the cease-fire broke again. And who knows what will happen between scheduling this episode and its publication. Check out this discussion for the discussion around the contents of the actual recent agreement and how incredibly incompetent it is.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zqiTJDmddg 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tehYRuem0A 3. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/middle-east-experts-weigh-terms-of-u-s-iran-deal-and-who-came-out-ahead 4. https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/nea/p5/index.htm 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vp8HrM0hEH8&t=17s 6. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/why-us-attack-iran-trump-administration/

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There are an estimated 70 million deaf, hard of hearing, or hearing impaired people in world. Given that language globably developed through auditory communication using speech, deaf people in history were often mistreated. At least, in western and European countries. American Sign Language (ASL) developed from French Sign Language, Martha's Vineyard Sign Language and other regional signs. This discussion will largely expore the history of deaf people and the development of sign language.

Recommendations (Part 1)
* Abraham: The Sheep Detectives (https://letterboxd.com/film/the-sheep-detectives/) * Shane: Toy Story 5 (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt29355505/)

Holidays (7/1/2026):
* American Zoo Day * Blink 182 Day * Canada Day * Creative Ice Cream Flavor Day * Early Bird Day * Gingersnap Day * Second half of the year day * Television Heritage Day * International Joke Day * International Reggae Day * National Financial Freedom Day * National Postal Workers Day * US Postage Stamp Day * Zip Code Day * Clean Beaches Week * Hellen Keller - Blind Awareness Week * National Prevention of Eye Injuries Awareness

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Every once in a while, something so monumental happens, we decide to release a topical episode rather than a timeless one. The recent Memorandum of Understanding (MOU), perhaps better known as the Iran deal, is a catostrophic failure and will cost the US a jaw-dropping amount of money. But you don't even have to take our word for it, we'll just give you the facts and let you decide on your own. In a rare move, we are releasing a two-part mini to cover these events.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2zqiTJDmddg 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_tehYRuem0A 3. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/middle-east-experts-weigh-terms-of-u-s-iran-deal-and-who-came-out-ahead 4. https://2009-2017.state.gov/p/nea/p5/index.htm 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vp8HrM0hEH8&t=17s 6. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/why-us-attack-iran-trump-administration/

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This follow-up discussion gets into the grammar mechanics and and cultural, structural aspects of AAVE. We add our own interpretation and philosophical discussion to bring some additional understanding to this topic. Tell us your thoughts and experiences with AAVE!

Recommendations (Part 2)
* Abraham: Zevo (https://zevoinsect.com/) * Shane: Absolute Batman

Holidays (6/24/2026)
* Celebration of the Senses * International Fairy Day * Museum Comes to Life Day * National Parchment Cooking Day * Nationale Pralines Day * Swim a Lap Day * Amateur Radio Week * Carpenter Ant Awareness Week * Fish are Friends, Not Food Week * National Forgiveness Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/AAVE/hooked/ 2. https://www.pbs.org/speak/seatosea/americanvarieties/AAVE/timeline/ 3. https://www.hawaii.edu/satocenter/langnet/definitions/aave.html 4. https://commonwealthtimes.org/2021/02/18/aave-is-not-your-internet-slang-it-is-black-culture/ 5. https://certifiedlanguages.com/blog/african-american-vernacular-english-is-a-legitimate-dialect/ 6. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/00957984970233002 7. https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/61882/chapter-abstract/547712638?redirectedFrom=fulltext#547712638 8. https://www.garfieldmessenger.org/6418/articles/news/a-brief-history-of-aave/ 9. https://academic.oup.com/edited-volume/28056/chapter-abstract/212002865?redirectedFrom=fulltext 10. https://scholarworks.utrgv.edu/wls_fac/70/ 11. https://www.mentalfloss.com/language/african-american-language-facts 12. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/language/article/abs/language-and-linguistics-on-trial-hearing-rachel-jeantel-and-other-vernacular-speakers-in-the-courtroom-and-beyond/7DCD0B43230E3D17A2C4B43936341A48 13. https://globalvoices.org/2019/06/25/language-is-also-a-form-of-resistance/

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With the increased awareness of neurodivergence in humans, we find many people turning to one of our favorite pasttimes: superimposing human emotions and experiences onto animals around us. So, there have been efforts to identify the extent to which our pets may be autistic. To what end to people do this? Great question. We'll explain how this has been approached and what there may or may not be to learn about this.

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Links and References: 1. https://theconversation.com/autistic-dogs-neurodiversity-in-our-pets-and-what-it-might-mean-for-us-265888 2. https://www.advancedautism.com/post/can-animals-have-autism 3. https://www.hiddengemsaba.com/articles/can-animals-have-autism 4. https://www.hiddengemsaba.com/articles/what-animals-can-have-autism 5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3088489/ 6. https://www.nature.com/articles/nrn.2016.183

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AAVE is a dialect of English that is often derided by racists. However, linguists have shown that this is a fully realized dialect like any dialect of any language. We explain the history and current understanding of African American Vernacular English and some court cases that sparked controversy around it. This is only a part one as we will get into the mechanics of the dialect in the next episode.

Recommendations (Part 1)
* Abraham: Hailey Williams “Ego Death at Bachelorette Party” (https://music.apple.com/us/album/ego-death-at-a-bachelorette-party/1850011909) * Shane: David Sedaris “Holidays on Ice” (https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/david-sedaris/holidays-on-ice/9780316073639/?lens=little-brown)

Holidays (6/17/2026):
* Bunker Hill Day * Eat All Your Veggies Day * Global Garbage Man Day * LGBTQIA+ Equal Pay Awareness Day * National Apple Strudel Day * Stewarts Root Beer Day * World Croc Day * World Day to Combat Desertification and Drought * Animal Rights Awareness Week * Islamic New Year * Learning Disabilities Week * National Clay Week * National Flag Week * National Hermit Week * National Water Safety Week

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Last week, we released an episode dsicussing the rise of authoritarian takeover of science by controlling what science can be conducted and how it can be interpreted. We put out a call to action to respond to their proposal. However, it is important to craft the message so that it is effectively received. So, in this mini, we explain how to create feedback for responding to this horrible proposal.

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Links and References:
1. Submit your feedback here: https://www.regulations.gov/document/OMB-2026-0034-0001 2. https://www.cogr.edu/blog/tips-submitting-effective-comments-regulationsgov 3. https://federalstrategy.jhu.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/Tips-for-Submitting-Effective-Comments-1.pdf 4. https://bestpractices.nokidhungry.org/sites/default/files/2023-05/How%20to%20Comment%20on%20Federal%20Regulations%20Final.pdf 5. https://publichealth.jhu.edu/sites/default/files/2024-02/comment-vid-tipsheet.pdf

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How to kill science is also how to kill humans. The incompetent "leadership" in the United States is racing toward dictatorship in their desire to kill all humans. They are proposing to rewrite science so that any government funding that pays for research gets to dictate what that research is and how it is interpreted. Either you say what the government wants, or else you don't get any research funding. It is an unprecedented move that no president has ever tried in history, becuase it is a terrible, horrible, stupid, counterproductive idea. But, that's what happens when you get a bunch of republicans in charge. We'll break down the details of this incredible stupidity and provide some guidance on what you can do about it. See the first link where you can register your complaints. Note that, in a rare event, we are going to tell you that next week's mini is all about how to craft public comment for maximum effect. Let your voice be heard!

COMMENT ON THIS ISSUE HERE:
* Abraham: Ghosts (season 5; https://www.cbs.com/shows/ghosts/) * Shane: The Mandalorian and Grogu (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt30825738/)

Holidays (6/10/2026):
* Ball Point Pen Day * Herbs & Spices Day * National Black Cow Day * National Iced Tea Day * America The Beautiful Week * Bedbug Awareness Week * Meet a Mate Week * National Automotive Service Professional Week * National Body Piercing Week * National Frozen Yogurt Week * National Little League Baseball Week * Pet Appreciation Week * Shampoo Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.science.org/content/article/white-house-seeks-tighten-political-oversight-grantmaking 2. https://www.statnews.com/2026/05/29/nih-grants-uniform-guidance-proposal-political-control/ 3. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/white-house-proposes-new-rules-giving-political-appointees-final-say-on-research-grants/ 4. https://blog.carnegieinvest.com/the-u.s.-governments-growing-role-in-the-private-sector 5. https://blogs.nvidia.com/blog/nvidia-us-government-to-boost-ai-infrastructure-and-rd-investments/ 6. https://www.cnbc.com/2026/05/15/trump-stock-trade-tech-oge.html 7. https://public-inspection.federalregister.gov/2026-10817.pdf

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Mosh pits are the rough-house style dancing/bopping that people do at music concerts. But where and why did this start? And why are they called mosh pits? We'll describe what is happening in mosh pits and what it all means.

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Links and References: 1. https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/3aptcw/what_are_the_origins_of_mosh_pits_and_how_did/ 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moshing 3. https://www.facebook.com/EricAlperPR/posts/the-term-mosh-pit-originated-in-1979-when-bad-brains-hr-yelled-mash-it-during-a-/1164248955370779/ 4. https://metal.fandom.com/wiki/Moshing 5. https://wknc.org/2018/08/20/shut-up-mosh-moshing-101/ 6. https://thenubianmessage.com/12033/opinion/the-dangerous-history-of-moshing/ 7. https://globalnews.ca/news/11727325/history-of-mosh-pits/ 8. https://www.councilofthelost.com/2021/03/01/history-of-moshpit/ 9. https://abcnews.com/Health/story?id=4804513&page=1

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Professional magicians tell you that they are tricking you for entertainment. Charlatan, con artist magicians tell you that they are performing real magic that will cure you of your ails. Cynical grifters, faith healers perform theatrical stunts to convince people to give them money. They'd cyphon off someone's last dime if given the chance. We explain how faith healers perform their tricks and to the best of our ability, why people fall for it.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Fallout (Season 2; https://www.amazon.com/Fallout-Season-2/dp/B0FLSZBRZJ) * Shane: Project Hail Mary (the movie)

Holidays (6/3/2026):
* Chimborazo Day * Global Running Day * Impersonate Authority Day * Love Conquers All Day * National Chocolate Macaroon Day * National Egg Day * National Itch Day * Repeat Day * World Bicycle Day * World Clubfoot Day * Canadian Environment Week * National CPR and AED Awareness Week * Stepparents Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RE21g91Heh8 2. https://www.businessinsider.com/scam-everlasting-after-25-years-debunked-faith-healer-still-preaching-debt-relief-scam-2011-9 3. https://www.motherjones.com/politics/1997/11/faith-healing-hoax/ 4. https://evidenceunseen.com/theology/practical-theology-ethics/faith-healers 5. https://www.heraldnet.com/2006/08/04/dont-fall-for-prayer-rug-watchdog-group-urges/ 6. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-leicestershire-31057337 7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faith_healing 8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24301874/ 9. https://www.gq.com/story/peter-popoff-born-again-scoundrel 10. https://www.nytimes.com/1989/10/06/us/bakker-is-convicted-on-all-counts-first-felon-among-tv-evangelists.html 11. https://roysreport.com/disgraced-televangelist-jim-bakker-pleads-for-1-million/ 12. https://www.businessinsider.com/scam-everlasting-after-25-years-debunked-faith-healer-still-preaching-debt-relief-scam-2011-9 13. https://wng.org/articles/same-old-scam-1620660664 14. https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=307493253281642 15. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bNwHG6kIO0g 16. https://newhumanist.org.uk/2013/07/26/getting-tough-on-the-faith-healing-scammers/ 17. https://abc13.com/post/bogus-faith-healer-scams-hispanic-women/1128229/

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This old sleight of hand card trick is designed to steal your money. Be warned, you cannot win this game. It is rigged and 100% unwinable. We explain how the three-card Monte grift works so you can avoid being scammed.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.wikihow.com/3-Card-Monte 2. https://zelmanow.medium.com/three-card-monte-a-lesson-in-spotting-rigged-games-in-life-05d74d47c57c 3. https://youtu.be/p4f9LWCwBFM?si=mBxHQymz8fCfre1X 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-card_monte 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M_-u94l7weg

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Years ago, we looked into the research on speed reading. What we found raised difficult questions about how viable this strategy really is. As we reviewed recent research for this re-release, we discovered that a) you can read at extremely speeds, you just won't actually read anything or remember any of it, and b) you can't actually read at extremely high speeds. Tell us your thoughts!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Animal Control (season 4; https://www.hulu.com/series/animal-control-451af77e-25c4-4992-abc8-a313cbd2a2b7) * Shane: Hum - Inlet (https://open.spotify.com/album/6SfnjkSphtKowg3tt7azDi?si=AjVsX0kzQpeOX_yYm5Chow)

Holidays (5/27/2026):
* Cellophane Tape Day * National Grape Popsicle Day * National Gray Day * National Sunscreen Day * Nothing to Fear Day * Old Time Player Piano Day * World Otter Day * Hair Stylist Mental Health Day * Eid-al-Adha * Older Americans Mental Health Week * Prepare Tomorrow’s Parents Month * Scripps National Spelling Bee * Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non-Self-Governing Territories

New links and references:
1. https://bigthink.com/smart-skills/neuroscience-speed-reading-bullshit/\

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Sometimes we get nauseaus when riding around in or on vehicles. What is going on with this? We explore motion sickness and what you can do about it... if anything.

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Links and References:
1. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/12782-motion-sickness 2. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-does-reading-in-a-mov/ 3. https://www.cdc.gov/yellow-book/hcp/travel-air-sea/motion-sickness.html 4. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4112051/ 5. https://health.ucdavis.edu/blog/cultivating-health/motion-sickness-how-you-can-prevent-symptoms-and-enjoy-travel/2024/05

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There is a form of rhetoric that is suprrisingly effective at persuading people to adopt beliefs regardless of their accuracy. These are called "antimetabole." They are not necessarily inherently wrong, but we'll explain how to spot them and determine how they are trying to manipulate you.

Recommendations* Abraham: Learn ASL! (lifeprint.com; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6w1ZDaE-whc&list=PLMN7QCuj6dfaUwmtdkdKhINGZzyGwp7Q1) * Shane: Mortal Kombat II (https://www.warnerbros.com/movies/mortal-kombat-ii)

Holidays (5/20/2026):* Eliza Doolittle Day * Emancipation Day (Florida) * Emergency Medical Services Day * Flower Day * International Clinical Trials Day * National Juice Slush Day * National Quiche Lorraine Day * National Rescue Dog Day * Pick Strawberries Day * Weights and Measure Day * World Bee Day * World Metrology Day * International Pickle Week * Band director’s day * National Foul Ball Week

Links and References: 1. https://mralancooper.medium.com/antimetabole-1d95057c9658 2. https://rhetoric.byu.edu/Figures/A/antimetabole.htm 3. https://www.americanrhetoric.com/figures/antimetabole.htm 4. https://www.southfloridawriters.org/post/antimetaboles-and-chiasmuses-and-expletives-oh-my 5. https://www.litcharts.com/literary-devices-and-terms/antimetabole 6. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimetabole 7. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/digital-humanities/articles/10.3389/fdigh.2018.00010/full 8. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6050388/ 9. https://gretchenschmelzer.com/blog-1/2015/1/11/understanding-learning-and-memory-the-neuroscience-of-repetition

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In several interviews, Jane Goodall explained why she believed there was evidence of Bigfoot. While she was a wonderful natural scientist, a good science communicator, and radically changed the way we think about animals, she also had some biases that prevented a healthy skepticism from driving her perspective. We explain the "evidence" and why it is not evidence.

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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ukvQfUlAog
michigansthumb.com/opinion/article/Jane-Goodall-making-monkey-out-of-average-Bigfoot-17018324.php

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Why do American and UK Accents sound so dissimilar? Could a couple hundred years of infrequent communciation result in that much drift? Did the Americans change or did the English change? Back in the 1700s, American English and British English sounded basically identical to.... American English today! We dive into the divergence of the various UK accents, as well as unique American accents. Language is weird.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Big Mistakes (season 1; https://www.netflix.com/title/81734605) * Shane: Goldentone Studios (https://www.discogs.com/label/281800-Goldentone-Studios?srsltid=AfmBOop0QkSpSlHdHzsHVnu6F6Z1dX_20fCHQ0iE_ai_cXXo2tZa1QCl)

Holidays (5/13/2026):
* Cough Drop Day * Donate a Day’s Wages to Charity * Frog Jumping Day * International Hummus Day * National Apple Pie Day * National Leprechaun Day * National Root Canal Appreciation Day * Top Gun Day * Tulip Day * World Orienteering Day * Food Allergy Awareness Week * International Coaching Week * National Bike Week

Links and References:
1. https://youtu.be/vnkOFZKN0Dk?si=IPeNuwtYoU_m86ue 2. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-24703-3_6 3. https://www.bbc.com/culture/article/20180207-how-americans-preserved-british-english 4. https://www.voices.com/blog/mid-atlantic-accent/ 5. https://beelinguapp.com/blog/the-transatlantic-accent:-what-is-it-&-how-do-you-talk-in-it 6. https://www.cmdnyc.com/blog/2016/5/3/what-happened-to-the-mid-atlantic-accent 7. https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-of-the-international-phonetic-association/article/abs/effects-of-dialect-on-vowel-acoustics-and-intelligibility/EE3A72D1A6D39C5216EDA4F5D337538A 8. https://www.studiocambridge.co.uk/a-brief-guide-to-british-accents-and-dialects/ 9. https://www.ef.edu/blog/language/why-us-and-uk-english-sound-so-different/

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There are pros and cons to the trajectory of genetic engineering research. Eventually, we will be confronted by a systemic drive to apply these interventions to human beings. On the one hand, genetic engineering could alleviate a tremendous amount of suffering for people with horrible genetic diseases. On the other, we don't understand these processes well enough to anticipated the unintended consequences of manipulating something as complex as a genome. What do you think about the future of genetic engineering in humans? Email us at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com

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Links and References:
1. https://www.leopoldina.org/en/topics/genome-editing/the-pros-and-cons-of-genome-editing 2. https://theweek.com/news/science-health/959606/pros-and-cons-of-gene-editing-babies

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This fascinating and yet entirely expected piece of Americana has shaped the music industry for better or worse (probably worse). But, why does it exist at all? We explore how the Billboard Hot 100 came to be, what it was intended to do, and how it has affected musicianship around the world. Do you follow the Hot 100?

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Fall and Rise of Reggie Dinkins (https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-tv/the-fall-and-rise-of-reggie-dinkins) * Shane: Project Hail Mary (https://www.penguinrandomhouseretail.com/book/?isbn=9780593135204)

Holidays (5/6/2026):
* Great American Grump Out * International No Diet Day * National Anxiety Disorders Screening Day * National Beverage Day * National Crepes Suzette Day * National Day to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy * National (Deaf) Interpreter Day * National Nurses Day * National Tourist Appreciation Day * Air Quality Awareness Week * Arson Awareness Week * Be Kind to Animals Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.npr.org/sections/therecord/2013/08/16/207879695/how-the-hot-100-became-americas-hit-barometer 2. https://www.scribd.com/document/670560817/Billboard-Hot-100-2 3. https://www.edmsauce.com/what-is-the-billboard-hot-100/ 4. https://sites.psu.edu/noahpassion/2019/10/25/the-evolution-of-billboard-and-birth-of-the-hot-100/ 5. https://www.billboard.com/pro/how-global-new-global-billboard-charts/ 6. https://www.billboard.com/charts/genre/hits-of-the-world/ 7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billboard_charts 8. https://www.billboard.com/pro/billboard-chart-history-evolution-milestones/#:~:text=now%20Nielsen%20Music.)-,Nov.,singles%20sales%20data%20from%20SoundScan. 9. https://www.guinnessworldrecords.com/world-records/683851-longest-song-to-reach-no-1-on-the-billboard-hot-100

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Recent research has evaluated the effect of changes made to the national suicide hotline in 2022 in the US. Scientists analyzed the success of this program by comparing projected trends to actual data. This underscores the importance of prcevention strategies, and support for vulnerable populations. If live in the US and you are someone you know is in crisis, call 988.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/988-crisis-hotline-linked-to-drop-in-young-adult-suicide-rates/#:~:text=Since%20July%202022%2C%20people%20in,those%20numbers%20with%20actual%20deaths. 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/books/NBK604162/#:~:text=In%20July%202022%2C%20the%20United,suicide%20prevention%20training%20in%20schools. 3. https://behavioralhealthlink.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/988-History-Journal-Article_JohnDraper.pdf#:~:text=In%202004%2C%20SAMHSA%20awarded%20the%20hotline%20grant,with%20109%20network%20members%20in%20January%202005.

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In the last discussion, we covered the history of CBT and the cognitive aspects of the intervention. In this segment, we'll review the behavioral components, some research evaluating the most effective components, and some final thoughts. In short, the behavioral components are commonly found to be the most effective, although, there is more nuance to it than that. Tell us your thoughts, distorted or otherwise!

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Miniature Wife (TV series; https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-tv/the-miniature-wife) * Shane: Performing Live

Holidays (4/29/2026):
* Day of Remembrance for all Victims of Chemical Warfare * Denim Day * International Dance Day * International Guide Dog Day * International Noise Awareness Day * Peace Rose Day * Poem in your Pocket Day * Stop Food Waste Day * We Jump the World Day * World Wish Day * Zipper Day * Go Diaper Free Week * International Mariachi Week * National Auctioneers Week * National Scoop the Poop Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/cognitive-behavioral-therapy/about/pac-20384610 2. https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/patients-and-families/cognitive-behavioral 3. Jacobson, N. S., Dobson, K. S., Truax, P. A., Addis, M. E., Koerner, K., Gollan, J. K., Gortner, E., & Prince, S. E. (1996). A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral treatment for depression. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 64(2), 295–304. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-006x.64.2.295 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8871414/ 4. Borkovec, T. D., Newman, M. G., Pincus, A. L., & Lytle, R. (2002). A component analysis of cognitive-behavioral therapy for generalized anxiety disorder and the role of interpersonal problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 70(2), 288–298. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.70.2.288 https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2002-02267-003 5. Arora PG, Baker CN, Marchette LK, Stark KD. Components Analyses of a School-Based Cognitive Behavioral Treatment for Youth Depression. J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2019;48(sup1):S180-S193. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1280800. Epub 2017 Feb 16. PMID: 28278602; PMCID: PMC6131063. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6131063/#:~:text=Results%20indicated%20that%20higher%20quality,behavioral%20and%20relational%20intervention%20components. 6. https://utswmed-ir.tdl.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/0784677c-19b5-4163-aac7-08bec804219d/content 7. Arco, L. (2024). Toward a synthesis of cognitive behaviour therapy via component analysis of self‐regulation. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 31(1), Article e2918. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.2918 8. https://www.cognbehavther.com/expert-consensus-components-cbt/ 9. https://aquila.usm.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1264&context=masters_theses 10. Chand SP, Kuckel DP, Huecker MR. Cognitive Behavior Therapy. [Updated 2023 May 23]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2026 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470241/ 11. Taylor, A., Tallon, D., Kessler, D., Peters, T. J., Shafran, R., Williams, C., & Wiles, N. (2020). An expert consensus on the most effective components of cognitive behavioural therapy for adults with depression: a modified Delphi study. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 49(3), 242–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2019.1641146

https://cpdonline.co.uk/knowledge-base/mental-health/transformational-stories-cbt/

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In 1935 John Ridley Stroop published an article with a new experiment showing that people struggle to name things when there is a conflicting word corresponding with those things. While mostly a novelty, this test has found relevance in diagnostic testing such as for ADHD. We'll explain the test and how it works.

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Links for the Stroop Test:
1. https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/ready.html 2. https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/readyd.html 3. https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/readyn.html 4. https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/java/readya.html 5. https://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/pdf/shape_stroop.pdf

Other references:
1. https://www.focusaur.com/pages/stroop-effect-test 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroop_effect 3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1988818/ 4. https://www.apa.org/research-practice/conduct-research/stroop-effect 5. https://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Stroop/

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The most well-recognized psychotherapy in the world is also the most widely researched. You've likely heard that Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is the evidence-based intervention for... pretty much every mental health condition. But, do you know how it works? We will spend the next couple of episodes dissecting the components of CBT and reviewing some of the research. If you like this episode, the next one is going to be even better!

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Pitt (season 2; https://www.hbomax.com/shows/pitt-2024/e6e7bad9-d48d-4434-b334-7c651ffc4bdf) * Shane: Chew (https://imagecomics.com/comics/series/chew)

Holidays (4/22/2026):
* Administrative Professionals Day * April Showers Day * Chemists Celebrate the Earth Day * Earth Day * Global Selfie Earth Day * International Mother Earth Day * National Jelly Bean Day * National Library Outreach Day * Bedbug Awareness Week * Cleaning for a Reason Week * Every Healthy Kid Week * National Coin Week * National Infertility Awareness Week * National Lingerie Week * National Pet ID Week

https://cpdonline.co.uk/knowledge-base/mental-health/transformational-stories-cbt/

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This ambiguously titled discussion is about the practice of stretching piercings to become large holes. We talk about the history of this practice, how it's done, and why it's done. This practice is commonly called "gauging," and although it looks painful, it is actually a slow process that uses the natural flexibility of skin to gradually increase the size of the piercing. Do you have gauged piercings or know someone who does? Tell us your story!

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Links and References
1. https://www.urbanbodyjewelry.com/pages/the-history-of-ear-stretching?gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=11380961953&gbraid=0AAAAADwwbrcORN3qttYF1gi9XVew8HF_m&gclid=CjwKCAjwhe3OBhABEiwA6392zLNzwcrsTvbtoKkAm1tLySYDM8AVclOrTVieusNu0f9OlyImRJu97hoCo9sQAvD_BwE 2. https://www.customplugs.com/pages/history-of-plugs-and-ear-stretching?srsltid=AfmBOooV2p2Kn1JMFHL6PBqSFSIbYeRo1C5XAqTknLH8Alc7hyFKliI9 3. https://bodyartforms.com/blog/the-history-of-piercing-stretching?srsltid=AfmBOop15v2qWinlXdokX2bjQMfeX37U3Nh9fW9U9RI5Ojeo-2ZI7YVQ 4. https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A12%3A11230828/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A149338166&crl=c&link_origin=scholar.google.com

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Dr. Kevorkian was a controversial figure in the 1990s when he began providing unsanctioned assisted suicide service to terminally-ill patients. Kevorkian believed he was helping put an end to pain and suffering for people, but doing so without approval from governing bodies and medical boards, which landed him in a lot of trouble. We review his life and controversy as well as the top of medical aid in dying in general. We'll share our thoughts and perspectives on this complex topic.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Shrinking (season 3; https://tv.apple.com/us/show/shrinking/umc.cmc.apzybj6eqf6pzccd97kev7bs) * Shane: The Silo Series (https://hughhowey.com/books/)

Holidays (4/15/2026):
* Anime Day * Banana Day * Income Tax Pay Day * Jackie Robinson Day * Microvolunteering Day * National ASL Day * National Griper’s Day * One Boston Day * One Day Without Shoes * Rubber Eraser Day * School Librarian Day * That Sucks Day * Titanic Remembrance Day * Universal Day of Culture * World Art Day * Canada Book Week * Holocaust Remembrance Week * International Trombone Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.biography.com/scientists/jack-kevorkian?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=mgu_ga_bio_md_pmx_prog_mix_us_23714526419&gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=23709185673&gbraid=0AAAAApTwOX01mKncxazFbedZzW3FKJnvL&gclid=Cj0KCQjwkMjOBhC5ARIsADIdb3cDx891VSAYDiwrS-NA6xusSRJuVnDalBpeVTVHca8Bd7dRO2NQJ6gaArVWEALw_wcB 2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9588508/ 3. https://www.mydeath-mydecision.org.uk/key-statistics/ 4. https://www.dignityindying.org.uk/why-we-need-change/the-facts-about-assisted-dying/ 5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8655630/ 6. https://www.heritage.org/health-care-reform/report/four-problems-physician-assisted-suicide 7. https://aul.org/physician-assisted-suicide/history/ 8. https://daily.jstor.org/history-euthanasia-movement/

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Have you ever noticed that you always make the same typo when writing? Or, that you repeatedly misspeak some phrase or mispronounce some word when talking? When you make the same mistake often enough (sometimes, once is enough!), it starts to become a habit in that context. We discuss these "chained in" errors and what you can do about them. What are your chained in errors?

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Links and References:
1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1702402/ 2. https://paloaltou.edu/resources/business-of-practice-blog/behavioral-chain-analysis 3. https://linksaba.com/how-to-use-behavior-chain-interruption-strategy-bcis/ 4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250169897_The_Behavior_Chain_Interruption_Strategy_A_Review_of_Research_and_Discussion_of_Future_Directions 5. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5708&context=etd

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Nearly a century ago, a groundbreaking philosopher of psychology was way ahead of his time. J.R. Kantor developed a theory of psychology that finally rooted psychology in a natural science perspective. Unfortunately, his ideas did not spread to mainstream psychology or science. But this philosophy persists in the works of brilliant scholars following in the natural science tradition. It may sound complicated, but it is as straightforward as any other natural science, in a sense. We do our best to break down the basic concepts of interbehaviorism. Are you a convert? Let us know!

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Symbols are weird. Actually, there are fairly intuitive in many cases, but many are surprisingly new. We explore the recent history of the arrow symbol and the way that it is able to direct human behavior pretty much regardless of language or culture despite only being a few lines.

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Links and References:
1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1702402/ 2. https://paloaltou.edu/resources/business-of-practice-blog/behavioral-chain-analysis 3. https://linksaba.com/how-to-use-behavior-chain-interruption-strategy-bcis/ 4. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/250169897_The_Behavior_Chain_Interruption_Strategy_A_Review_of_Research_and_Discussion_of_Future_Directions 5. https://digitalcommons.usf.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5708&context=etd

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Perhaps this would have made a good Halloween episode? Probably not. Anyway, this episode honors April Fool's day by examining a foolish endeavor: Scared Straight programs. We review the scientific research and philosophy underlying the idea of Scared Straight. Unsurprisingly, this is an idea that is so bad that even the cops don't like it. So, why does it persist...?

Recommendations
* Abraham: Zootopia 2 * Shane: A Wilhelm Scream - Cheap Heat (https://open.spotify.com/album/4fcuCuXF4E22R8Imztwbio?si=62c224dddd324aa6)

Holidays (4/1/2026):
* April Fools Day * Boomer Bonus Day * Edible Book Day * Fossil Fools Day * International Tatting Day * Library Snap Shot Day * Lupus Alert Day * National Atheist Day * National Fun Day * National Jump in Muddy Puddles Day * National One Cent Day * National Sourdough Bread Day * Poetry and The Creative Mind Day * St. Stupid Day * APAWS International Pooper Scooper Week * Golden Rule Week * Laugh at Work Week * Medication Safety Week * Testicular Cancer Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://portal.cops.usdoj.gov/resourcecenter/content.ashx/cops-p288-pub.pdf 2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7783688/ 3. https://www.wested.org/resource/scared-straight/ 4. https://sites.bu.edu/daniellerousseau/2018/12/12/do-all-juvenile-prevention-programs-work/ 5. http://users.soc.umn.edu/~uggen/Petrosino_Annals_03.pdf 6. https://methods.cochrane.org/equity/scared-straight 7. https://www.prindleinstitute.org/2021/06/re-examining-scared-straight-programs/ 8. https://www.djj.state.fl.us/content/download/23879/file/scared-straight-(july-2018).pdf?version=2 9. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/doing-what-doesnt-work/ 10. Petrosino, Anthony, Carolyn Turpin-Petrosino, Meghan E. Hollis-Peel, Julia G. Lavenberg, and Alexis Stern. 2014. Scared Straight and Other Juvenile Awareness Programs for Preventing Juvenile Delinquency. No. 12 of Crime Prevention Research Review. Washington, DC: Office of Community Oriented Policing Services. 11. Petrosino A, Turpin-Petrosino C, Hollis-Peel ME, Lavenberg JG. 'Scared Straight' and other juvenile awareness programs for preventing juvenile delinquency. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2013, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD002796. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD002796.pub2. 12. https://www.college.police.uk/research/crime-reduction-toolkit/scared-straight

https://www.wsipp.wa.gov/ReportFile/1033/Wsipp_Evidence-Based-Public-Policy-Options-to-Reduce-Crime-and-Criminal-Justice-Costs-Implications-in-Washington-State_Full-Report.pdf

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Manatees are remarkable and gentle creatures. Possibly the source of mermaid stories of old, these strange aquatic mammals live life on the slow side. Some researchers have learned a lot about their behavior and cognition in recent experiments, so we are going to break down what we understand about manatee behavior and the conundrum of their complex cognitive and social repertoires with their proportionally small brains. Have you seen a manatee up close? Send us pictures!

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Links and References:
1. https://www.discovercrystalriverfl.com/manatee-authority/10-fun-facts-you-didnt-know-about-manatees/ 2. https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/10/manatees#:~:text=According%20to%20a%20study%20by%20Gordon%20Bauer%2C,150%20hertz%20using%20only%20their%20body%20hairs 3. https://www.research.ufl.edu/publications/explore/v07n2/manatees.html#:~:text=To%20conclude%20from%20the%20manatee's,large%20clusters%20of%20nerve%20cells. 4. https://mote.org/research/program/manatee-research/#:~:text=The%20MCRP's%20research%20includes:%20%20*Unmanned%20Aerial,levels%20and%20long%2Dterm%20sublethal%20effects%20of%20stressors 5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12021893/

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Psychosis is an experience that some people have in which they struggle with the ability to discern their experience from the current ongoing reality. This tends to arise from a variety of possibly traumas. But, the sooner it is treated, the better the prognosis. If you or someone you know is struggling, seek help from a professional.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Project Hail Mary (movie; https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/project-hail-mary/umc.cmc.7jxdlxvz304lj3iwhtrhbe8fv) * Shane: Our Band Could Be Your Life by Michael Azerrad (https://www.hachettebookgroup.com/titles/michael-azerrad/our-band-could-be-your-life/9780316787536/)

Holidays (25 Mar 2026):
* American Red Cross Giving Day * Bed in for Peace Day * Green Independence Day * International Day of Remembrance of the Victims of slavery and the Transatlantic Slave Trade * International Waffle Day * Manatee Appreciation Day * National Cerebral Palsy Day * National Michele Chafer Half-Moon Cookie Day * National Pecan Day * Old New Year’s Day * Tolkien Reading Day * Autism Acceptance Week * English Tourism Week * National Cleaning Week * National Tsunami Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://dbh.ohio.gov/get-help/treatment-services/coordinated-specialty-care-for-first-episode-psychosis/first-episode-pyschosis/what-is-first-episode-psychosis 2. https://www.pa.gov/agencies/dhs/resources/mental-health-substance-use-disorder/first-episode-psychosis 3. https://www.mhealthfairview.org/condition/psychosis-first-episode 4. https://journals.healio.com/doi/10.3928/00485713-20250102-01 5. https://portal.ct.gov/dmhas/initiatives/evidence-based/first-episode-psychosis 6. https://medicine.yale.edu/psychiatry/step/psychosis/ 7. https://psicosis.som360.org/en/blog/cognitive-symptoms-psychosis

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Does your name mean anything? Many cultures around the world choose names because they have some explicit, intended meaning, while others assign names for familial connections, or just because they like the way certain names sounds. We review a handful of naming conventions around the world. Let us know what your name means.

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Links and References: 1. https://www.uslanguageservices.com/blog/naming-traditions-across-cultures-and-languages/#:~:text=In%20many%20African%20cultures%2C%20names,and%20the%20Akan%20in%20Ghana. 2. https://blog.duolingo.com/naming-traditions-around-the-world/

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This is another nostalgia, re-release of a previous episide with a brief update at the end. This is a discussion of the idea to ingest poison to build a tolerance to it? Is the poisonous juice worth the proverbial squeeze? No, probably not. You might just be slowly causing permanent damage to your insides. Enjoy!

Recommendation
Abraham: Avatar: Way of Water (https://www.disneyplus.com/browse/entity-e6ef640e-787e-4477-aba4-9e05925ebac2)

Holidays (03/18/26)
* Sloppy Joe Day * Small Bussiness Development Centers Day * Awkward Moments Day * Transit Driver Appreciation Day * Forgive Mom and Dad day * Lacy Oatmeal Cookies Day * Black Pudding Day

Updated reference:
https://www.iflscience.com/mithridatism-can-you-really-become-immune-to-poison-by-taking-microdoses-69576

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AI music is not only here to stay, it is rapidly gaining in mainstream popularity. We briefly discuss the history of computer music, the changes it has made to music and where we think the future of music is headed in the AI zeigeist. Stay for the AI song tribute at the end of the episode (this song is the AI generated content flagged for this episode)

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Links and References: 1. https://www.cnbc.com/2025/07/17/ai-generated-music-is-going-viral-should-the-music-industry-worry.html 2. https://www.loudly.com/blog/ai-in-music-production-key-trends-shaping-the-future-beyond-2025 3. https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2025/nov/13/ai-music-spotify-billboard-charts 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_music 5. https://symphony.org/study-music-getting-louder-more-homogenous/ 6. https://www.economist.com/babbage/2012/07/26/same-old-song?fsrc=scn%2Ftw%2Fte%2Fbl%2Fsameoldsong 7. https://pudding.cool/2018/05/similarity/

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This episode includes AI-generated content.

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This is a re-run (nostalgia) of our fun-spirited discussion about how to ruin your sleep. We play the entire episode, plus some added research from the last five years. Have you taken on the challenge to never sleep again? (Please don't)

Recommendations
* Abraham: Famous by Blake Crouch (https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/790216/famous-by-blake-crouch/) * Shane: Bugonia ( https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12300742/)

Holidays (11 March 2026):
* 311 Day * Debunking Day * Dream Day * Johnny Appleseed Day * National Funeral Director and Mortician Recognition Day * National Immune System Day * National No-Code Day * National Sofrito Day * Oatmeal Nut Waffles Day * Wash Your Nose Day * World Day of Muslim Culture, Peace, Dialogue, and Film * World Plumbing Day * Girl Scout Week * National Aardvark Week * National Bubble Gum Week

Links and References:
1. https://en.hdbuzz.net/better-sleep-better-function-new-study-links-sleep-quality-to-clinical-outcomes-in-huntingtons-disease/ 2. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20250905-how-your-microbiome-affects-your-sleep 3. https://news.asu.edu/20260227-health-and-medicine-study-uncovers-another-reason-not-skimp-sleep 4. https://news.asu.edu/20260227-health-and-medicine-study-uncovers-another-reason-not-skimp-sleep 5. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1389945725005441 6. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6033330/#:~:text=Epidemiologic%20research%20has%20shown%20that,is%20related%20to%20sleep%20disorders

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This is our 100th mini! So, we spend the mini talking about the number 100! Things that humans, make, some facts about non-human animals... and human animals. A random smorgasbord of things about 100. Enjoy!

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Links and References: 1. https://lionel-kesztenbaum.site.ined.fr/en/everything_about_population/demographic-facts-sheets/focus-on/the-inexorable-rise-of-centenarians-and-supercentenarians#:~:text=Until%20the%20mid%2D20th%20century,in%202070%20(Blanpain%202023). 2. https://www.bu.edu/articles/2022/why-do-people-live-to-100-and-how/#:~:text=Takeaways,to%20much%20later%20in%20life. 3. https://www.nathab.com/blog/animals-that-live-to-100 4. https://oceanconservancy.org/blog/2021/12/29/7-longest-living-ocean-animals/ 5. https://www.threads.com/@podcastingbusinessschool/post/DTquU6vDgF7/only-of-podcasters-make-it-to-episodes-this-is-unfortunate-because-your-first 6. https://www.theigc.org/sites/default/files/2024-09/Yeo%20Thompson%20et%20al.%20Working%20Paper%20September%202024_0.pdf 7. https://qz.com/994937/on-average-it-now-takes-at-least-four-different-writers-to-craft-a-hit-pop-song 8. https://www.billboard.com/lists/every-artist-with-100-hot-100-chart-hits-drake-taylor-swift/ 9. https://blogs.baylor.edu/soe/2019/08/08/fun-facts-about-the-number-100-08-08-2019/

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Why We Do What We Do goes back to the movies! Last week, we reviewed Disney + Pixar's Inside Out, so we are taking on the sequel. In many ways, this film exceeds its predacessor in the way it portrays psychological functions, and in some ways it detracts. Either way, it is a fantastic film. We once again critique some of the portrayals of psychological processes and also praise the beautifully constructed metaphors. Let us know what you thought about the movies or our reactions to the movies.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Wingspan: Americas Expansion (https://stonemaiergames.com/games/wingspan/wingspan-americas-expansion/) * Shane: The Help (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1454029/)

Holidays (3/4/2026):
* Brain Injury Awareness Day * Courageous Follower Day * Discover What Your Name Means Day * Equal Pay Day * Global Day of the Engineer * March Forth Do Something Day * National Dance the Waltz Day * National Grammar Day * National Pound Cake Day * National Snack Day * Old Inauguration Day * World Obesity Day * Chocolate Chip Cookie Week * Endometriosis Week * National Cheerleading Week * National Dental Assistants Recognition Week * National Ghostwriters Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.disneyplus.com/browse/entity-ec9f9fa3-fbae-4a25-b722-12c3b8ab0ef4 2. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/making-the-whole-beautiful/202406/insights-on-inside-out-2 3. https://www.psychiatrypodcast.com/psychiatry-psychotherapy-podcast/episode-225-inside-out-2-adolescent-emotions-psychology-analysis

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Humans love to play. Some of us are willing to be more immersed in that play than others. Those who live for the immersion will often dress up for their character and stage elaborate scenarios with other players. They call this Live Action Role Playing, or LARPing. We discuss a brief history, what it is, and why people do it. Tell us your LARP stories!

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Links and References:
1. https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Larping 2. https://www.goerie.com/story/entertainment/arts/2022/06/02/larping-community-erie-fantasy-live-action-role-playing-game-escapism-players-society-creative-sca/65354683007/

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Why We Do What We Do goes to the movies! A couple of movies have directly taken on representing the inner world of our behavior, and we finally decided that we'd weigh in on these movies. So, we summarize the film and describe what they get wrong and what they get right. Join us in a fun trip to the movies. Let us know what you think about our commentary on the film.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Greatfull Gardens (https://www.greatfullgardens.com/) * Shane: JD Salinger - Nine Stories (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/4009.Nine_Stories)

Holidays (2/25/2026):
* Inconvenience Yourself Day * Let’s All Eat Right Day * National Chocolate Covered Nuts Day * National Pistol Patent Day * Pink Shirt Day * Quiet Day * Rubber Ducky Day * American Council on Education * Bird Health Awareness Week * National Chip Week (UK) * National Eating Disorders Awareness Week * National Invasive Species Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2096673/ 2. https://www.traitify.com/blog/the-psychology-of-inside-out 3. https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/news/psychologists-talk-about-science-emotions-inside-out 4. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-colors-of-contemporary-psychiatry/202403/pixars-inside-out-and-plutchiks-theory-of

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Rock, Paper, Scissors, Shoot! This 5-second two-player game to settle disputes began in ancient China and quickly spread throughout the world. Some research has also attempted to use game theory to understand decisions in this game and were surprised by the results, but we weren't! You'll see why.

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Links and References: 1. https://www.annarahmanan.com/the-history-of-rock-paper-scissors-game 2. https://www.playworks.org/game-library/ro-sham-bo-or-rock-paper-scissors/ 3. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00107514.2015.1026556

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Not to be confused with Neutron Imaging, which is also sometimes called N Rays, N-Rays were a scientific discovery at the turn of the 1900s that promised a bright future for humanity... except that that didn't really exist. In the flurry of ground-breaking discoveries around radiation, N-Rays emerged as the elusive new-kid-on-the-block that could only be seen out of the corner of your eye in an extremely dark room. Red flag. But, science quickly correct course as science does and this phenomeon died out. It stands as a cautionary tale about human bias and a triumphant demonstration of the self-correcting nature of science.

Recommendations
* Abraham: The ‘Burbs (season 1; https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-tv/the-burbs) * Shane: Converge - Love Is Not Enough (https://www.epitaph.com/news/article/converge-release-long-awaited-new-lp-love-is-not-enough)

Holidays (2/18/2026):
* Cow Milked While Flying in an Airplane Day * Crab-Stuffed Flounder Day * Drink Wine Day * Eat Ice Cream for Breakfast Day * National Battery Day * National Hate Florida Day * Pluto Day * Thumb Appreciation Day * Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia Staff Education Week * Build a Better Trade Show Image Week * Love Teaching Week * National Condom Week * National Date Week (Fruit) * National Green Week * National Pancake Week * Ramadan

Links and References:
1. https://www.aps.org/archives/publications/apsnews/200708/history.cfm 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-ray 3. https://www.aps.org/apsnews/2007/08/robert-wood-debunks-nrays 4. https://www.phoenixneutronimaging.com/insights-and-updates/n-rays-vs-n-rays-will-the-real-n-ray-please-stand-up 5. https://www.wired.com/2014/09/fantastically-wrong-n-rays/ 6. https://www.iaea.org/newscenter/news/what-is-radiation#:~:text=Radiation%20is%20energy%20that%20can%20be%20described,and%20science**%20Nuclear%20techniques%20and%20materials%20production

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Shining red lights on our bodies is all the rage in the "wellness" space. Red lights are purported to do a hole host of incredible things, which raised our skeptical hackles. We discuss what red lights are, what they do, and where we think this trend is going.

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Links and References: 1. https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/red-flags-for-red-light-therapy/ 2. https://med.stanford.edu/news/insights/2025/02/red-light-therapy-skin-hair-medical-clinics.html 3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s13643-025-02902-3

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In a departure from our standard episode format, Abraham will profile three people and see if Shane can guess who they are. You can play along! Send us in your guesses by emailing us or post them to us on social media.

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Naked Gun (2025) https://www.paramountplus.com/movies/video/61gdvpY7mURqcXbL67yYKiiQzEuRQZwW/ * Shane: Pet Semetary by Stephen King (https://stephenking.com/works/novel/pet-sematary.html)

Holidays (2/11/2026):
* Be Electrific Day * Daytona Pole Day * Don’t Cry Over Spilled Milk Day * Get Out Your Guitar Day * Grandmother Achievement Day * International Day of Women & Girls in Science * Make a Friend’s Day * National Inventor’s Day * National Make a Friend Day * National Shut-In Visitation Day * Peppermint Patty Day * Promise Day * White T-Shirt Day * World Day of the Sick * Celebration of Love Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.iwm.org.uk/history/the-complex-legacy-of-saddam-hussein 2. https://youtu.be/aD7-VRqR_d0?si=5umLrI1o5b0-kcTN 3. https://www.reuters.com/article/world/saddam-hussein-rise-and-fall-of-a-strongman-idUSL30809867/ 4. https://www.aei.org/articles/kim-jong-il-road-to-ruin/ 5. https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/keeping-kim-how-north-koreas-regime-stays-power 6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Dj8G72pUgc 7. https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/how-did-adolf-hitler-happen 8. https://encyclopedia.ushmm.org/content/en/article/the-nazi-rise-to-power 9. https://www.annefrank.org/en/anne-frank/go-in-depth/germany-1933-democracy-dictatorship/ 10. https://www.history.com/articles/adolf-hitler

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Do cat's only meow at humans? What does their meowing mean? We once again spend a mini reviewing the interesting feline behavior of meowing. Yes, they mostly only meow at humans. No, humans aren't great an interpreting their meows. But, we'll explain in more detail in the episode. Are you good at understanding your cat?

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Links and References: 1. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/12/2390 2. https://www.hartz.com/truth-or-myth-cats-only-meow-to-humans/ 3. https://mrfrs.org/ask-a-vet-with-dr-sam-cats-only-meow-at-humans/ 4. https://www.aspca.org/pet-care/cat-care/common-cat-behavior-issues/meowing-and-yowling

https://bioacoustics.stackexchange.com/questions/997/is-it-true-that-cats-dont-really-meow-at-each-other-but-rather-at-humans-as-a

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Once again, we find ourselves in distressing and troubled times. Those of us inspired to action have taken to the streets in peaceful demonstrations and protests around the country. When we do this, we undertake a certain amount of risk. So, we have put together a list of strategies to keep in mind to protest safely in a episode originally published in 2020. In this nostalgia release, we add new information about how to protect yourself legally with ICE detaining and murdering American civilians and attacking people who aren't white. We may have forgotten to mention a strategy to take a photocopy of your ID with you (not your real ID), so consider that an additional tidbit. Good luck and god speed!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Reese’s Plant-Based Peanut Butter Cups (www.hersheyland.com/products/reeses-plant-based-oat-chocolate-confection-and-peanut-butter-cups-1-4-oz.html) * Shane: Go to live sporting events * Bonus Recommendation: Consider donating money to immigration defense organizations that support legal fees, legislative action, and direct support for families. + https://wearecasa.org/policy-agenda/immigration/abolishice/ + https://www.immigrantdefenseproject.org/donate/ * Second Bonus Recommendation: Abolish ICE

Holidays (2/4/2026):
* Global School Play Day * Homemade Soup Day * I Heart Horror Day * International Day of Human Fraternity * Liberace Day * National Create a Vacuum Day * National Girls and Women in Sports Day * National Hemp Day * National Signing Day * National Stuffed Mushroom Day * National Thank a Mailman Day * National Wicker Day * Quacker Day * Sweater Day * Torture Abolition Day * African Heritage & Health Week * Burn Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://immigrantjustice.org/for-immigrants/know-your-rights/ice-encounter/ 2. https://www.nilc.org/resources/immigrant-participation-in-protests-rights/ 3. https://www.hks.harvard.edu/centers/carr/publications/35-rule-how-small-minority-can-change-world 4. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/how-peaceful-protest-by-just-3-5-percent-of-americans-could-force-major-policy-changes-from-the-trump-administration/ 5. https://www.yesmagazine.org/social-justice/2021/06/15/world-changing-protests-you-should-know-about

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What does it mean to say something is sweeter than something else? What does 200 times sweeter even taste like? We explain the method scientists use to measure the sweetness of something and thereby make comparisons about how sweet things are. Check it out, it's pretty sweet.

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Links and References:
1. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2007/05/how-do-they-measure-the-sweetness-of-sugar-substitutes.html 2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8009737/ 3. https://www.sweetenerbook.com/assets/blogs/measure.html 4. https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/edible-innovations/artificial-sweetener.htm?srch_tag=elzr3h5bpjo6owafwknxzobucfhzpm3s

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In part 2, we continue through the history of the Burning Man event. Then, we get into what to expect what how to prepare if you plan to attend Burning Man. Finally, we conclude with some criticisms and arguments people have made against Burning Man either in general or with respect to its most recent iteration. Would you ever go to Burning Man? Have you ever been? Tell us what you think!

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Recommendations (Part 2)
* Abraham: Lure (https://www.allplay.com/board-games/lure/) * Shane: Diablo IV: Vessel of Hatred (https://diablo4.blizzard.com/en-us/)

Holidays (28 Jan 2026):
* American Immigration Lawyers Association Day of Action * Christa McAuliffe Day * Daisy Day * Global Community Engagement Day * International Lego Day * International Reducing Co2 Emissions Day * Library Shelfie Day * National Blueberry Pancake Day * National Data Privacy Day * National Kazoo Day * National Pediatrician Day * Pop Art Day * Rubber Ducky Day * Data PRivacy Week * International Hot Air Balloon Week * Kiss a Shark Week * National Clean Out Your Inbox Week * National Cowboy Poetry Gathering Week

Links and References:
1. https://history.burningman.org/ 2. https://history.burningman.org/timeline/ 3. https://www.visitrenotahoe.com/iconic-events/burning-man 4. https://www.rgj.com/story/news/2024/08/20/burning-man-history-purpose-origins-black-rock-city/74874537007/ 5. https://burningman.org/black-rock-city/preparation/first-timers-guide/ 6. https://www.reddit.com/r/BurningMan/comments/12z7avo/things_you_wish_you_knew_before_going_to_your/ 7. https://rocknheavy.net/burning-man-a-complete-guide-c0719e9f20a8 8. https://burningman.org/about-us/ 9. https://www.sfgate.com/travel/burningman/article/everything-people-get-wrong-about-burning-man-19726500.php 10. https://www.theransomnote.com/art-culture/events/the-misconceptions-of-burning-man-a-reflection/ 11. https://www.businessinsider.com/burning-man-festival-attendee-negatives-warning-advice-2023-8 12. https://www.treehugger.com/time-to-rethink-burning-man-7965803 13. https://www.hcn.org/articles/desert-what-are-the-real-impacts-on-burning-mans-playa/#:~:text=Some%20other%20environmental%20concerns%20include:%20%20Commodification,up%20after%20themselves%20%20Respect%20their%20homeland 14. https://www.the-independent.com/arts-entertainment/burning-mangoers-share-their-craziest-stories-from-the-festival-10496942.html 15. https://www.sfgate.com/travel/burningman/article/i-was-wrong-about-burning-man-21024611.php 16. https://burningman.org/news/

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One of the most spine-tingling, misophonia-inducing sounds (for some) is the sound of teeth grinding together. Bruxism, teeth-grinding, is a habit that can occur wihle asleep or awake and can have potentially serious side-effects. We will discuss who does it and why and what you can do about it.

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Links and References: 1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bruxism/symptoms-causes/syc-20356095 2. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/10955-teeth-grinding-bruxism 3. https://www.cedars-sinai.org/stories-and-insights/expert-advice/teeth-grinding 4. https://dentistrycharlottesville.com/the-grind-of-stress-how-teeth-grinding-impacts-your-health-and-how-to-manage-it/ 5. https://www.columbiadoctors.org/news/you-may-be-grinding-your-teeth-without-even-knowing-it 6. https://health.mil/News/Articles/2022/02/28/Teeth-Grinding-You-Wont-Believe-How-Harmful-it-Really-Is 7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36448332/#:~:text=A%20large%2Dscale%20polysomnographic%20study%20found%20that%2049.7%25,index%20*%20Higher%20percentage%20of%20N1%20sleep 8. https://www.jewelautismcentre.com/how-habit-reversal-training-can-help-reduce-teeth-grinding-in-adolescents-with-autism/#:~:text=Habit%20Reversal%20Training%20is%20a,to%20look%20at%20behavior%20holistically.

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There is a unique annual art event that is hours from civilization in the blistering hot sun that culminates the incineration of humungous humanoid effigy. This four-decade long tradition is a celebration of art, creativity, individuality, community, and self-expression. But, it is not without it's flaw and foibles. We spend two episodes unpacking the history and contemporary features of this event and the criticisms leveled at it.

Recommendations (Part 2)
* Abraham: Lure (https://www.allplay.com/board-games/lure/) * Shane: Diablo IV: Vessel of Hatred (https://diablo4.blizzard.com/en-us/)

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Many people avoid or even advocate against having conversations about confrontational topics. We disagree. We explain how it is important to have these dififcult discussion and that failure to do so is likely a contributing factor to the division we face today.

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Link:
1. https://claesjonasson.medium.com/why-we-need-to-talk-more-about-politics-and-religion-not-less-6a4e96331959

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Democratized education lead by trained professionals and experts has resulted in unprecidented growth in progress and improvements in quality of life. Sex is something humans do to maintain the species population. Put those two things together and you get sex education. Some, however, have argued for the idealistic view that all humans be monogamous and abstinent until marriage. We investigate the research and work through the philosophy to see how abstinence-only education works (it doesn't).

Recommendations
* Abraham: Stranger Things: Season 5 (https://www.netflix.com/title/80057281) * Shane: The Last Night of the Earth Poems by Charles Bukowski ( https://www.harpercollins.com/products/the-last-night-of-the-earth-poems-charles-bukowski?variant=32116708540450)

Holidays 14 January 2026:
* Cesarean Section Day * Feast of the Ass * International Kite Day * Makar Sankranti * National Dress Up Your Pet Day * National Hot Pastrami Sandwich Day * National Undhiya Day * Novy God (Russian New Year) * Organize your Home Day * Orthodox New YEar * Ratification Day * St. Basil’s Day * Take the Stairs Day * World Logic Day * Cuckoo Dancing Week * Home Office Safety and Security Week * International Printing Week * National Mocktail Week * National Pizza Week

Links and References:
1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5913747/ 2. https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/news/abstinence-only-education-failure 3. https://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/issues/sex-education/abstinence-only-programs 4. https://www.guttmacher.org/fact-sheet/sex-education 5. https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/sex-education-programs-definitions-funding-and-impact-on-teen-sexual-health/ 6. https://www.jahonline.org/article/S1054-139X(05)00276-4/fulltext 7. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jad.12365 8. https://www.aclu.org/documents/what-research-shows-government-funded-abstinence-only-programs-dont-make-grade#:~:text=Some%20abstinence%2Donly%2Duntil%2D,preventing%20STDs%20and%20unintended%20pregnancy. 9. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2017/08/23/545289168/abstinence-education-is-ineffective-and-unethical-report-argues#:~:text=The%20analysis%20confirms%20previous%20public,domestic%20violence%2C%20the%20report%20notes. 10. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3194801/ 11. https://sexedconference.com/the-history-of-sex-education/ 12. https://www.acog.org/advocacy/policy-priorities/adolescent-health/comprehensive-sexuality-education#:~:text=Comprehensive%20sexuality%20education%20(CSE)%20teaches,to%20name%20just%20a%20few. 13. https://siecus.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/If-Then-Sexual-Assault-Final.pdf

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Psychic, telepathic mind-reading is complete nonsense logistically, philosophically, practically... all of the "ally's." We will explain why in some detail. But, there is a version of something like mind reading that does exist that's more like intuitive, and astute observation that comes from experience and intimate knowledge. Come read our minds and we'll read yours.

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Links and References: 1. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/mind-reading 2. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24948740/#:~:text=Abstract,the%20next%20by%20verbal%20instruction. 3. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.1243091 4. https://www.thebsps.org/short-reads/mind-reading-schulz/#:~:text=The%20second%20common%20way%20to,cultures%20are%20mind%2Dreading%20literate. 5. https://cognitionandculture.net/wp-content/uploads/Science-2014-Heyes-.pdf 6. https://carta.anthropogeny.org/events/mind-reading-human-origins-and-theory-mind 7. https://www.thebsps.org/short-reads/mind-reading-schulz/ 8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0147176723000238

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/beyond-the-ordinary/202510/nonspeaking-autism-the-telepathy-tapes-and-who-gets-to-be-heard

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The idea of personal responsibility will seem like common sense to some. Scientifically, however, it is an interesting concept to understand. How does it arise? Why do some people seem to lack it? We do our best to unpack the environmental and behavioral variables that contribute to the development of personal responsibility.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Wake Up Dead Man (https://www.netflix.com/title/81458424) * Shane: Fulltone OCD Overdrive guitar pedal (https://www.fulltoneusa.com/products/ocd-v2)

Holidays (1/7/2026):
* Welcome to 2026! * Distaff Day * Harlem Globetrotter’s Day * I’m Not Going to Take It Anymore Day * International Programmer’s Day * National Bobblehead Day * National Pass Gas Day * National Tempura Day * Old Rock Day * Orthodox Christmas Day * Celebration of Life Week * Congenital Heart Defect Awareness Week * Diet Resolution Week * National Lose Weight-Feel Great Week * National Thank Your Customers Week * National Time Consciousness Week * Silent Record Week * Someday We’ll Laugh About This Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.etymonline.com/word/responsibility 2. https://www.cambridge.org/core/books/abs/theories-of-international-responsibility-law/from-respondere-to-responsibility/6726884E24137102F990B6903624391D 3. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/how-not-to-think/202403/where-does-responsibility-come-from#:~:text=%E2%80%9CTotal%20responsibility%20means%20taking%20full,can%20move%20forward%20and%20adapt.&text=This%20radical%20idea%20challenges%20us,we%20taught%20helplessness%20or%20resilience? 4. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/happiness-in-world/201102/taking-full-responsibility-your-life#:~:text=It%20means%20recognizing%20that%20how,a%20practicing%20Buddhist%20since%201989 5. https://medium.com/@salmanhaf2ez/nietzsches-philosophy-of-personal-responsibility-ab14cf1a8edb

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We are taking a side journey into the delectable topic of charcuterie boards. We briefly describe what they are and then how to put one together. Do you have a great charcuterie board you've made? Let us know!

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Links and References:
1. https://www.wisconsincheese.com/the-cheese-life/article/153/charcuterie-history2. 2. https://www.forbes.com/sites/garystern/2023/01/05/charcuterie-franchise-growing-rapidly/3. 3. https://www.goodhousekeeping.com/food-recipes/cooking/g45672825/charcuterie-board-ideas/?&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=mgu_ga_ghk_md_pmx_hybd_mix_us_18399044072&gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=18396202201&gbraid=0AAAAADA2MEptjqsj-6fWg0aPJ0jg3-rX5&gclid=Cj0KCQiA0p7KBhCkARIsAE6XlakJLJmIPLr7dEbdSTI2lXHor8lHxnC9u0PfZ7zO-huULnEk0VjWrKkaAt3JEALw_wcB

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Another year on the books. We reflect on what we discussed this year, our listener stats, and personal experiences with movies, books, and TV shows. It's our annual discussion about the year for a little peak behind the curtains. Check out Shane's playlist for 2025: Shane’s Spotify Playlist

Happy New Year!

~ Why We Do What We Do

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Conjuring: Last Rites (https://www.hbomax.com/movies/conjuring-last-rites/e62d3010-ffd6-45ef-b8e7-4eed314f375c) * Shane: Shift by Hugh Howey (https://hughhowey.com/books/shift/)

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Choral or Unison responding is a classroom participation strategy in which all students answer together when given an opportunity to do so. This allows the teacher to ensure participation and identify students who may be struggilng. It also keeps students engaged and increases their retention of the material. We explain how it works.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Debra-Kamps/publication/15253492_Enhanced_small_group_instruction_using_choral_responding_and_student_interaction_for_children_with_autism_and_developmental_disabilities/links/566607e808ae4931cd6267fe/Enhanced-small-group-instruction-using-choral-responding-and-student-interaction-for-children-with-autism-and-developmental-disabilities.pdf 2. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0198742917712968 3. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/1045988X.2012.682184?needAccess=true 4. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ846929 5. https://people.uncw.edu/kozloffm/choral.pdf 6. https://kyocare.com/choral-responding-a-versatile-aba-technique-to-engage-students/ 7. https://medium.com/inspired-ideas-prek-12/why-unison-response-works-in-the-classroom-1c867e53acf3

https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/20/article/717782/pdf

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Different cultures around the world have unique perspectives on disability. We survey several different cultural values and approaches to thinking about and talking about disability. Of course, culture is not ubiquitous throughout a given region, so these are broad generalizations. But, it is useful to think about different ways people think about this topic that affects so many of us.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Fan-designed bird promos for Wingspan (https://store.stonemaiergames.com/collections/wingspan-fan-designed-promo-packs) * Shane: Coquito!

Holidays (12/24/2025):
* Christmas Eve * Last Minute Shopper’s Day * National Eggnog Day * Christmas Bird Count Week * Posadas

Links and References:
1. https://www.ohio.edu/cas/psychology/addressing-model 2. https://theconversation.com/traditional-beliefs-inform-attitudes-to-disability-in-africa-why-it-matters-138558 3. https://asylos.org/nigeria-report/ 4. https://www.cepal.org/notes/74/Titulares2 5. https://pwd.org.au/about-us/about-disability/history-of-australias-disability-movement/ 6. https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/feature/2022/01/17/personas-con-discapacidad-america-latina 7. https://www.thewashingtoncouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/F505-slides.pdf 8. https://www.worldforgottenchildren.org/blog/developmental-disabilities-in-children-across-different-cultures/22 9. https://www.umassp.edu/inclusive-by-design/who-before-how/understanding-disabilities 10. https://ncpd.org.za/how-do-different-cultures-view-disability/ 11. https://miusa.org/resource/tip-sheets/global-disability-culture-101/ 12. https://kidsnewtocanada.ca/mental-health/developmental-disability 13. https://rootedinrights.org/the-cultural-implications-of-being-disabled-in-india/ 14. https://dsq-sds.org/article/id/789/

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Have you ever heard of circular breathing? For musicians who play instruments that require blown air, circular breathing is a technique to produce continuous notes without being interrupted by breathing in. However, circular breathing isn't a very accurate name for it. We'll explain what it is, how to do it, and briefly touch on circular breathing as it relates to mindfulness and throat singing. Have you tried circular breathing?

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Links and References: 1. https://www.berklee.edu/berklee-today/winter-2012/the-woodshed/circular-breathing 2. https://www.healthline.com/health/circular-breathing 3. https://clarinet.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/Circular-Breathing.pdf 4. https://musicforbrass.com/blogs/students/circular-breathing-when-and-how-to-use-it?srsltid=AfmBOoraj42qmdEDlo2DNNb_CuAlJWFfp5S6JveqstCB_WKE_5SId3NE

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Conditions that differ from "normal," sometimes called disability, don't preclude people with those conditions from being able to do regular vocational activities, and may even give them an advantage. Many employers have found financial and cultural benefits to hiring people with disabilities, people with disabilities have demonstrated their ability to thrive an be unique and meaningful contributions, and some activities are performed more economically. efficiently, or competenty by people with disabilities. We give some concrete examples.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Recursion (Blake Crouch; https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/42046112-recursion) * Shane: The Only Good Indians by Stephen Graham Jones (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/52180399-the-only-good-indians)

Holidays (17 December 2025):
* Clean Air Day * International Day to End Violence Against Sex Workers * National Maple Syrup Day * Pan American Aviation Day * Wright Brothers Day * Christmas Bird Count Week * Cookie Exchange Week * Hanukkah * Human Rights Week * Saturnalia

Links and References:
1. https://rockfordisability.com/2023/01/13/10-perks-of-being-a-disabled-person/ 2. https://www.scientificamerican.com/blog/observations/the-case-for-disabled-astronauts/ 3. https://eri-wi.org/fact-sheet-employers/#:~:text=The%20Business%20Benefits%20of%20Hiring%20People%20with%20Disabilities&text=Businesses%20that%20hire%20and%20support,resilience%2C%20boosting%20overall%20team%20productivity.&text=With%20unemployment%20rates%20among%20people,who%20are%20ready%20to%20contribute.&text=Employers%20may%20qualify%20for%20tax,offset%20accommodation%20and%20accessibility%20costs.&text=Higher%20employee%20retention%20reduces%20turnover,investment%20outweighs%20the%20initial%20costs.&text=Businesses%20that%20reflect%20their%20customer,a%20wide%20range%20of%20needs. 4. https://hbr.org/2023/07/disability-as-a-source-of-competitive-advantage 5. https://disabilityrightsflorida.org/blog/entry/5_reasons_to_hire_people_with_disabilities 6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29392591/ 7. https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-employed/work-opportunity-tax-credit 8. https://www.london.edu/faculty-and-research/research/research-highlights/disability-as-a-source-of-competitive-advantage 9. https://www.physicianleaders.org/articles/disability-as-a-source-of-competitive-advantage

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Because this was selected the "word of the year," we decided we may as well discuss it. If you've been lucky enough to miss this trend, sorry to end your lucky streak. If you've been hearing this and don't understand what it means, we'll explain the history and what it means (spoiler, you're not missing anything). If you are a big fan of the "six seveeeen" craze, then maybe there's something here for you to learn as well. We hope you enjoy!

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Links and References: 1. https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/international/global-trends/us-news-the-mystery-of-67-why-dictionary-com-chose-a-number-instead-of-a-word-and-why-is-everyone-talking-about-it/articleshow/125008609.cms?from=mdr 2. https://www.cnn.com/2025/10/18/us/6-7-meme-slang-explained-cec#:~:text=(He%20stands%20at%206%20feet,are%20you%20a%20party%20pooper?%E2%80%9D 3. https://www.dictionary.com/culture/slang/67 4. https://screenshot-media.com/culture/internet-culture/six-seven-trend-meaning/#:~:text=Skrilla%20admitted%20as%20much%20to%20The%20Wall,definition%20is%20%60%60why%20everybody%20keeps%20saying%20it 5. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dictionary-67-2025-word-of-the-year-meaning/#:~:text=U.S.-,Dictionary.com%20picks%20%2267%2C%22%20a%20%22nonsensical%20and,2025%20word%20of%20the%20year&text=Nicole%20Brown%20Chau%20is%20a%20deputy%20managing%20editor%20for%20CBSNews.com.

https://whyy.org/articles/meaning-6-7-skrilla-philadelphia/#:~:text=The%20phrase%20comes%20from%20a,cooler%20group%20of%20their%20peers.%E2%80%9D

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Sometimes investment groups will purchase and then unify individually-owned, small businesses that provide care for people with disabilities. Once they've acquired enough businesses, they'll turn around and sell the conglomerated entity to the highest bidder. There are some advantages... kind of... if you're being generous. But ther are a lot of disadvantages. We do our best to be fair while also explaining the reality of the situation.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Wicked: For Good (https://www.wickedmovie.com/) * Shane: Code Talker: The First and Only Memoir By One of the Original Navajo Code Talkers of WWII by Chester Nez and Judith Schiess Avila

Holidays (10 December 2025):
* Dewey Decimal System Day * Festival for the Souls of Dead Whales * Human Rights Day * International Animal Rights Day * Jane Addams Day * National Day of Animal Rights * National Lager Day * Nobel Prize Day * Computer Science Education Week * Human Rights Week * Lager Beer Week * National Aplastic Anemia and MDS Awareness Week * National Groundwater Awareness Week * National Handwashing Awareness Week * National Influenza Vaccination Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.urblaw.com/the-effects-of-private-equity-firms-on-disability-services/#:~:text=Takeaways,extract%20significant%20short%2Dterm%20profits. 2. https://www.statnews.com/2025/03/18/private-equity-ownership-care-homes-intellectual-developmental-disabilities/#:~:text=Private%20equity%20firms%20are%20acquiring,population's%20health%20care%20is%20growing. 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sr-Cyx795p8&t=124s 4. https://stateline.org/2025/05/16/private-equity-snaps-up-disability-services-challenging-state-regulators/#:~:text=By:%20Anna%20Claire%20Vollers%20%2D%20May,that%20is%20to%20cut%20costs.%E2%80%9D 5. https://prospect.org/2025/03/18/2025-03-18-private-equity-vultures-care-facilities-disabled/#:~:text=Private%20equity%20giants%20have%20spent,More%20from%20Daniel%20Boguslaw 6. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama-health-forum/fullarticle/2821686 7. https://www.finance.senate.gov/imo/media/doc/120220%20Life%20at%20Cypress%20House%20-%20An%20Examination%20of%20Care%20Provided%20by%20MENTOR%20Oregon.pdf 8. https://apps.ahca.myflorida.com/dm_web/DMWeb_DocsFO/13871688.pdf 9. https://pestakeholder.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/03/PESP_Report_IDD_2025.pdf

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This is not about the movie(s). Amazingly, that didn't even occur to us before, during, or even immediately after recording this... This is about the ability some people have to identify or possibly produce exact notes, called perfect pitch, or natural pitch, or absolute pitch. Is it genetic? Is it learned? Are those nonsensical questions? We'll explain a bit of the research on perfect pitch (and relative pitch, which is technically different).

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Links and References: 1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002929707634867#:~:text=Absolute%20pitch%20(AP)%2C%20also%20known%20as%20%E2%80%9Cperfect,musical%20tone%2C%20without%20an%20external%20reference%20pitch. 2. https://www.huddlestone.es/en/perfect-pitch/ 3. https://news.uchicago.edu/explainer/what-is-perfect-pitch 4. https://www.musical-u.com/learn/perfect-pitch-is-not-magic/

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A touchy topic that some people don't want to touch is sexuality as it relates to disability. There is some "moral" prudishness that borders on (if not explicitly crosses into) eugenics for those who think sex is not a topic for diability. People with disabilities are people, and people have sexual motivations. We mostly dispell some myths people may have sex and disability as well as share some fun things you may not know.

Recommendations* Abraham: Origin Story (board game; https://stonemaiergames.com/games/origin-story/) * Shane: My band’s new records! GOD//MAN - DREAMSEEKER (https://godman.bandcamp.com/album/dreamseeker) and Cyberbully - Welcome to the Internet (2k25 Demo) (https://cyberbullyhc.bandcamp.com/album/welcome-to-the-internet-demo-2k25)

Holidays (12/3/2025):* International Day of Persons with Disabilities * International Spirit of the Game Day * Let’s Hug Day * Make a Gift Day * National Apple Pie Day * National Green Bean Casserole Day * National Package Protection Day * National Roof Over Your Head Day * Women Wednesday * Cookie Cutter Week

Links:1. https://www.independenceaustralia.com.au/health-articles/health-disabilities-and-sex/ 2. https://shq.org.au/2022/09/common-myths-sexuality-disability/ 3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20131952/ 4. https://sexualityanddisability.org/having-sex/mythbusting/

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The industry around sex equipment has been leading the charge in the development of equipment for different bodies and impairments. This mini describes some of the advances and innovations that have developed for various body types and impairments to engage in safe, sexual activities.

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Links:
1. https://www.intimaterider.com/ 2. https://dds.dc.gov/sites/default/files/dc/sites/dds/publication/attachments/Oct%202018%20-%20Adaptive%20Devices%20for%20Intimacy%20and_or%20Sexual%20Engagement.pdf 3. https://abilitymagazine.com/disability-sex-and-adult-toys-by-and-for-people-with-disabilities/

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The vernacular treadmill is ever running and we often find we are behind on the currently accepted terms. While some struggle to accept change, many of us prefer to treat our fellow humans with respect by adopting the terms that are more compassionate. We briefly touch on the history of some terms as well as the current "best practices," including the controvery around person-first or identity-first language. What are some you didn't know? Did we miss any?

Recommendations
* Abraham: Hens (board game: https://www.littlerocketgames.com/product/hens/) * Shane: The Running Man (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14107334/)

Holidays (11/26/26):
* Blackout Wednesday * Coton de Tulear Day * Good Grief Day * National Cake Day * National Jukebox Day * Spitegiving * Tie One On Day * What Do You Love About America Day * Better Conversation Week * Church/State Separation Week * GERD Awareness Week * National Adoption Week * National Family Week * National Farm-City Week * National Game & Puzzle Week

Links:
1. https://adata.org/factsheet/ADANN-writing 2. https://www.ndrn.org/resource/communicating-about-people-with-disabilities/#:~:text=Avoid%20Using%20Euphemisms,part%20of%20the%20human%20experience. 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GaGmxrPnYAM&t=7s 4. https://www.adcet.edu.au/resource/11292/file/19/3a-Guide-to-language-about-disability-FINAL_230209.pdf 5. https://odr.dc.gov/page/people-first-language#:~:text=The%20People%20First%20Respectful%20Language,and%20publications%20and%20all%20internet

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Do you believe in the magic of sperm? The longer you hold onto it, the mightier you become. Except, not. The idea of sperm retention does almost nothing that it claims to, even to the point of being counter productive for some goals. But, if that's your thing. You do you.

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Links and References: 1. https://youtu.be/cjmoiEakV9k?si=ahxthGfl7DsJG4M1 2. https://www.oxfordonlinepharmacy.co.uk/blog/what-is-no-nut-november 3. https://medium.com/@nicole.prause/how-did-no-nut-november-start-72437eb89340

https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/13634607231157070

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Brilliant people have worked to create accessibility so comprehensively baked into our lives that we often don't even recognize that it is there. However, there are still more places without accessible design than places with it. This discussion enumerates the Universal Design Principles that have improved everyone's quality of life and made the world a more inclusive place for people with disabilities. We'll talk about what they are, how they work, and along the way, impart guidelines for how you can bring accessibilty to the things you make and places you work. We all benefit from a more inclusive environment.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Great British Baking Show (Season 16; https://www.netflix.com/title/80063224) * Shane: Jens Kuross - Crooked Songs ( https://open.spotify.com/album/5huktjQKjN8zWNGr3DBWom?si=DTbEX28NR1eAexNKIACPLA) * Takeshi Terauchi - Nippon Guitars (https://open.spotify.com/album/4URTuHGcaXNQdGyWJpLrIa?si=2xL6VwG-QRCTrdn-XiOIwQ)

Holidays (19 November 2025):
* Carbonated Beverage with Caffeine Day * Equal Opportunity Day * Have a Bad Day Day * International Men’s Day * National Blow Bagpipes Day * National Camp Day * National Education Support Professionals Day * Play Monopoly Day * Rocky and Bullwinkle Day * Women’s Entrepreneurship Day * World Toilet Day * American Education Week * International Fraud Awareness Week * International Restorative Justice Week * World Antimicrobial Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://design.ncsu.edu/research/center-for-universal-design/ 2. https://inclusive.microsoft.design/ 3. https://www.eleken.co/blog-posts/design-that-benefits-everyone-top-5-inclusive-design-examples 4. https://www.unr.edu/nced

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This is a quick tutorial for making things more accessible and checking for accessibility when creating documents mostly in MS Office and Adobe. So, this will be a how-to with recommendations and a little commentary. Let us know about your accessibility strategies.

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Links and References: 1. https://accessibe.com/accessscan?utm_feeditemid=&utm_device=c&utm_term=%2Bwcag%20%2Btest&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=GSN_|_US-CA_|_Accessibility_and_Compliance_Checkers_(accessScan)&hsa_cam=9492882453&hsa_grp=97916663993&hsa_mt=b&hsa_src=g&hsa_ad=589939198502&hsa_acc={5473750088}&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_kw=%2Bwcag%20%2Btest&hsa_tgt=kwd-489815367832&hsa_ver=3&gcmz={CjwKCAiA2svIBhB-EiwARWDPjof2x5NioMz2q7GpDgu_kAx7O2cqlxowPX6mHfghwOVTfDaAAu8ERhoCdj0QAvD_BwE}&utm_term=%2Bwcag%20%2Btest&utm_campaign=GSN+%7C+US-CA+%7C+Accessibility+and+Compliance+Checkers+(accessScan)&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&hsa_acc=5473750088&hsa_cam=9492882453&hsa_grp=97916663993&hsa_ad=589939198502&hsa_src=g&hsa_tgt=kwd-489815367832&hsa_kw=%2Bwcag%20%2Btest&hsa_mt=b&hsa_net=adwords&hsa_ver=3&gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=9492882453&gbraid=0AAAAAC3OJk2sKgxQIUjlxz-T2zXQAYbLj&gclid=CjwKCAiA2svIBhB-EiwARWDPjof2x5NioMz2q7GpDgu_kAx7O2cqlxowPX6mHfghwOVTfDaAAu8ERhoCdj0QAvD_BwE

https://webaim.org/resources/contrastchecker/

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Continuing on with our suite on disability and accessibility, this episode explores new research exploring autism subtypes and their links to genetic markers. There are implications for people with disabilities and politics. Tell us what you think!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Visit Savannah, GA! https://visitsavannah.com/ * Shane: ONTABA (https://ontaba.org/)

Holidays (11/12/2025):
* Chicken Soup for the Soul Day * GIS Day * Happy Hour Day * International Pathology Day * National French Dip Day * National Pizza With Everything Day (Except Anchovies) * World Pneumonia Day * Dear Santa Letter Week * Geography Awareness Week * Home Care Aide Week * National Book Awards Week * International Week of Science and Peace

Links:
1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41588-025-02224-z 2. https://www.princeton.edu/news/2025/07/09/major-autism-study-uncovers-biologically-distinct-subtypes-paving-way-precision 3. https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/genetics-dictionary/def/de-novo-mutation

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Do you wake up after sleeping? Do you eat food when you are hungry? You might have ADHD! Not because of those things... those just mean you are human and alive. But, people are constantly posting about symptoms of ADHD that are not symptoms of ADHD. We'll break down a few examples.

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Links:
1. https://www.aafp.org/dam/AAFP/documents/patient_care/adhd_toolkit/adhd19-assessment-table1.pdf 2. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/adhd/symptoms-causes/syc-20350889#:~:text=Attention%2Ddeficit%2Fhyperactivity%20disorder%2C,being%20hyperactive%20and%20being%20impulsive. 3. https://chadd.org/adhd-weekly/social-media-videos-often-share-misinformation-about-adhd/ 4. https://www.donefirst.com/blog/adhd-misinformation-and-social-media

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How do we start talking about disabiliity? First, we need to understand how people thinking about and appraoch disability. This episode kicks off a suite of episodes in which we will be discussing various issues in disability and accessibility. The models of disability are the different ways people have approached and treated disability and people with disabilities. We have a favorite.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Acacia Strain: You are Safe From God Here (https://youaresafefromgodhere.com/) * Shane: Writing and recording your own music

Holidays (11/5/2025)
* American Football Day * Bank Transfer Day * Commercial TV Broadcast Day * Firewood Day * Guy Fawkes Day * International Stress Awareness Day * National Block It Out Day * National Donut Day * National Eating Healthy Day * National Gunpowder Day * National Love Your Red Hair Day * Play Monopoly Day * World Tsunami Awareness Day * Drowsy Driving Prevention Week * Give Wildlife a Brake Week * National Fig Week * National Medical Cannabis Week * Polar Bear Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.apa.org/ed/precollege/psychology-teacher-network/introductory-psychology/disability-models 2. https://subjectguides.lib.neu.edu/disability/models 3. https://participation.cbm.org/why/disability-participation/models-of-disability 4. https://www.unhcr.org/us/media/handout-2-models-disability 5. https://disabilityinpublichealth.org/1-1/ 6. https://cte.alliant.edu/conceptualizing-disability-three-models-of-disability/ 7. https://odpc.ucsf.edu/clinical/patient-centered-care/medical-and-social-models-of-disability 8. https://enil.eu/conceptual-models-of-disability-throughout-history/ 9. Olkin, R. (2002). Could you hold the door for me? Including disability in diversity. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 8, 130-137.

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The "Thin Blue Line" has a probable origin in military history. It has been employed as a symbol of law enforcement, but commoly applied in contrast to other social causes. We discuss the history of the Thin Blue Line, the origin of the modern flag with a blue stripe interpretation of this idea, criticisms of the Thin Blue Line, and enumerate the controvertial uses of this iconography... all within the scope of a single mini!

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Links and References:
1. https://www.police1.com/police-history/articles/what-does-the-thin-blue-line-flag-mean-2J3500lyyaGueEo0/ 2. https://nationalpolice.org/that-thin-blue-line-what-does-it-really-mean/ 3. https://www.vedderholsters.com/news-articles/back-the-blue-history-and-symbolism-of-the-thin-blue-line/ 4. https://www.businessinsider.com/how-thin-blue-line-became-controversial-symbol-to-represent-police-2021-2 5. https://www.themarshallproject.org/2020/06/08/the-short-fraught-history-of-the-thin-blue-line-american-flag

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Our final Halloween episode tackles a grizzly topic: Ritual Sacrifices. We explore some of the practices and reasons for sacfrifice throughout history. Note that there are somewhat graphic descriptions of some violent acts toward humans and animals. If you're going to sacrifice something, make it an inanimate effigy or other symbolic object. Happy Halloween 2025!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Novocaine: https://www.paramountmovies.com/movies/novocaine * Shane: Nine Inch Nails - Tron:Ares OST (https://open.spotify.com/album/47pjW3XDPW99NShtkeewxl?si=4fV1oxzNTaaCMyDasdFkWw)

Holidays (10/29/2025):
* International Internet Day * Happy Early Halloween * National Cat Day * National Hermit Day * National Oatmeal Day * Read for the Record Day * World Psoriasis Day * World Stroke Day * Brain Tumor Awareness Week * Disarmament Week * International Magic Week * Prescription Errors Education and Awareness Week * Winter Weather Preparedness Week * World Origami Days * Happy birthday to Winona Ryder, Ben Foster, Bob Ross and Gabrielle Union

Links and references:
1. https://www.britannica.com/topic/human-sacrifice 2. https://www.ancient-origins.net/history-ancient-traditions/ritual-sacrifice-0017159 3. https://www.thecollector.com/human-sacrifice-throughout-history/ 4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27042932/ 5. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-human-sacrifice-propped-up-the-social-order/ 6. https://www.science.org/content/article/human-sacrifice-may-have-helped-societies-become-more-complex

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There is a mysterious castle in Czechia with defensive structures pointed inward toward the caste. There are also stories of a hole in the ground of unknown depth with horror stories about attempts to explore it. We'll discuss the truth of Houska Castle.

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Source:
https://www.discoveryuk.com/mysteries/the-real-truth-behind-houska-castle/

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Wearing a mask changes the way our social word interacts with us. This might mean access to rewards that we might not otherwise try to access, but the anonymity of a mask means doing so may be less likely to be met with punishment. Furthermore, our social environment affects our behavior. So, to answer the title: Yes kind of, but maybe not in the way you might think. Do you notice a difference in your behavior when you wear a mask? Let us know!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Is it Cake: Halloween (https://www.netflix.com/title/81927149) * Shane: Mickey’s Not So Spooky Halloween Party (https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/events-tours/magic-kingdom/mickeys-not-so-scary-halloween-party/?ef_id=Cj0KCQjwo63HBhCKARIsAHOHV_V0PneinWtYnLspJilv9P7_784jcvd2dzq-HM3jknkqsuYWHVMgMzwaAmUoEALw_wcB:G:s&s_kwcid=AL!5060!3!593608699132!p!!g!!disney%20trick%20or%20treat!1553406632!60136156558&CMP=KNC-FY26_WDW_TRA_FLR_W365_HTK_MNSSHP_General%7CG%7C5261213.RR.AM.01.01%7CM3EHNCC%7CBR%7C593608699132&keyword_id=kwd-314468353137%7Cdc%7Cdisney%20trick%20or%20treat%7C593608699132%7Cp%7C5060:3%7C&gad_source=1&gad_campaignid=1553406632&gbraid=0AAAAAD_M-kbg9jCdxyq5FrgNAwHob6cpK&gclid=Cj0KCQjwo63HBhCKARIsAHOHV_V0PneinWtYnLspJilv9P7_784jcvd2dzq-HM3jknkqsuYWHVMgMzwaAmUoEALw_wcB)

Why is Shane's link URL so long? I know I can change it, but it is kind of funny to me that it is ridiculously long...

Holidays (10/22/25):
* Smart is Cool * Wombat day * National nut day * Make a dog’s day, day * National caps lock day * National coloring day * International stuttering awareness day * Leave a review day * Scar appreciation day * Chemistry week * Free Speech Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.thehorrordome.com/blogs/news/the-psychology-behind-halloween-masks-why-we-love-to-disguise-ourselves?srsltid=AfmBOoq9lYAWMiuPLp6WqM6IUe3mzzKiRqI8nuAuh_BYRp5Z0DJT3WE1 2. https://studioforchange.com/how-halloween-can-help-us-understand-the-concept-of-masking/ 3. https://everydaypsych.com/unmasking-halloween-psychology/ 4. https://marciasirotamd.com/psychology-popular-culture/halloween-masks-unveils-secrets 5. https://medium.com/@ashrules2016/why-do-we-wear-masks-the-deep-appeal-of-halloween-costumes-56033852703a 6. https://marciasirotamd.com/psychology-popular-culture/halloween-masks-unveils-secrets 7. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8hx6q5js 8. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/1976-20842-001 9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/512839/ 10. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2014/10/how-halloween-makes-kids-more-monstrous/382172/

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Creepy pasta is/was a democratized way ot telling scary stories that are just on the edge of believability. They seem to have dissipated into various other formats over time. Yet, the brief story of creepy pastas is an interesting one and appropriate for the spooky season. What's your favorite creepy pasta?

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Links and References:
1. https://www.creepypasta.com/ 2. https://medium.com/@lukewhenderson/what-makes-a-creepypasta-4e5ac00897bf

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One of the most iconic and well-established horror stories in the world, Mary Shelley's Frankenstein is a masterpiece of literature. The talented director Guillermo del Toro will soon be releasing his vision of this story. So, in advance of his film, we discuss the author, how the story came to be, a brief synopsis of the plot, and some of the science behind the potential reality of such a thing. Tell us your favorite horror stories!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Warbreaker (book by Brandon Sanderson; https://www.brandonsanderson.com/blogs/blog/warbreaker-introduction) * Shane: The Long Walk (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10374610/)

Holidays (10/15/2025):
* Blind Americans Equality Day * BRA Day USA * Breast Health Day * Global Dignity Day * Global Handwashing Day * Hagfish Day * I Love Lucy Day * Love Your Body Day * National Cheese Curd Day * National Fossil Day * National Grouch Day * National Mushroom Day * National Pregnancy and Infant Loss Awareness Day * National Pug Day * National Take Your Parents to Lunch Day * White Cane Safety Day * Bone Joint Health Action Week * Improve Your Home Office Week * Infection Control Week * Mediation Week * Pet Peeve Week * School Lunch Week * Teen Read Week

Links and References:
1. https://blog.sciencemuseum.org.uk/the-science-behind-mary-shelleys-frankenstein/ 2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6492819/ 3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6174037/ 4. https://www.ncl.ac.uk/press/articles/archive/2016/01/headtransplants/ 5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9805622/ 6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/B9780444632876000099 7. https://daily.jstor.org/will-reanimating-dead-brains-inspire-the-next-frankenstein/ 8. https://askabiologist.asu.edu/frankenstein-physiology

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We have a fascination with assigning meaning to various numbers. Actually, many cultures enjoy assigning meaning to numbers as well. In western traditions, we have a particularly special number that is the most evil: 666. We explore how this number came to be associated with the Devil and the why its not. But hey, I guess it is now.

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Links and References: 1. https://history.howstuffworks.com/history-vs-myth/666.htm 2. https://academic.oup.com/jts/article-abstract/69/1/309/4917823?redirectedFrom=fulltext&login=false 3. https://www.britannica.com/topic/number-of-the-beast 4. https://www.fusionglobal.org/connections/why-is-666-the-number-of-the-beast/?srsltid=AfmBOopwGFHFRt_D306RTVF_RBvOthZFzPAtxpg3Y6W3FlyOH2JY30sa 5. https://uscatholic.org/articles/202310/glad-you-asked-what-is-666-in-the-bible/ 6. https://medium.com/illuminations-mirror/this-symbolic-number-has-opposite-meanings-in-different-cultures-bdb891d04547 7. https://www.britannica.com/topic/gematria 8. https://www.gematrix.org/?word=dondrumpf

Don Drumpf = 666

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Some spooky topics are geographically creepy. Arguably, the most famous scary geography is lovingly called The Bermuda Triangle. This portion of the world is credited with a supernatural ability to vanish airplanes and ships... out of the thousands that use this as a shipping route. We dig into the history that inspired the mythical lore attribute to this portion of ocean. Despite its infamy, insurance happily covers shipping vessels that traverse the curious Bermuda Triangle.

Recommendations:
* Abraham: “Psych 3: This is Gus” (https://www.peacocktv.com/watch-online/movies/psych-3-this-is-gus/4695aa38-6632-3b3f-aa14-9edf3b70d24a) * Shane: Atomic Rule - With Skull Crushing Force EP (https://open.spotify.com/album/6ybCbYsqHt3PT974rC6Mt4?si=QkBxu8MRRtOBMad1v6i3Og)

Holidays (10/08/2025):
* American Touch Tag Day * Bring your Teddy Bear to Work Day * Bullying Prevention Day * Dyslexia Day * Emergency Nurses Day * International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction * International Lesbian Day * International Top Spinning Day * Latina Women’s Equal Pay Day * National Children’s Day * National Fluffernutter Day * National Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Day * National Curves Day * National Pet Obesity Awareness Day * National Pierogi Day * Stem Cell Awareness Day * World Octopus Day * Active Aging Week * Animal Welfare Week * Cephalopod Awareness Week * Death Penalty Focus Week * Great Books Week * Mystery Series Week * Truffle Days in Croatia * World Space Week

Links and References:
1. https://skepticalinquirer.org/exclusive/i-survived-a-trip-to-the-bermuda-triangle/ 2. https://www.history.com/articles/bermuda-triangle 3. https://travel.earth/what-is-the-bermuda-triangle-all-you-must-know/ 4. https://www.marinalife.com/articles/the-mystery-of-the-bermuda-triangle 5. https://www.gotobermuda.com/inspiration/article/legends-lore-bermuda-triangle 6. https://centerforinquiry.org/news/solving-the-mystery-of-the-bermuda-triangle-in-skeptical-inquirer/ 7. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/bermuda-triangle-mystery-solved-latest-theories-dr-karl-kruszelnicki-debunked-unexplained-disappearances-ships-planes-aeroplanes-vanish-conspiracy-lost-flight-19-alien-abduction-atlantis-methane-gas-vincent-gaddis-a7861731.html 8. https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/unexplained-phenomena/10-unsolved-mysteries-that-have-been-solved.htm?s1sid=wqdp2epa7vz7u29d8v03h2hg&srch_tag=jqpeigono5nhpzyajtpkqf5577cv72bq#pt2

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This is our first Halloween mini of 2025! RIP is a well-wishing, a command, and an indication of your relationship to person or idea being bid farewell. We break down the history, meaning, and language functions of using RIP. Requiescat in Pace!

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Links and References:
1. https://biblehub.com/q/what_does_'rest_in_peace'_(rip)_mean.htm#:~:text=Those%20contemplating%20life's%20meaning%20find,Conclusion 2. https://www.dictionary.com/e/pop-culture/rest-in-peace/ 3. https://www.crosswalk.com/faith/spiritual-life/does-rest-in-peace-rip-have-a-christian-origin.html

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Welcome to our annual month of creepy topics! We are kicking off this year's selection with an overview of various conceptuatlizations of Hell from the perspectives of different religions and denominations. How common is the idea of Hell and why do so many traditions embrace this idea?
We are excited to get started!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Shrinking (https://tv.apple.com/us/show/shrinking/umc.cmc.apzybj6eqf6pzccd97kev7bs) * Shane: 28 Years Later (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10548174/)

Holidays (10/01/25):
* Happy spooky season, folks! * Balloons Around the World Day * CD Player Day * Homemade Cookies Day * International Coffee Day * International Day of Older Persons * International Music Day * International Raccoon Appreciation Day * Less Than Perfect Day * National Black Dog Day * National Book It Day * National Hair Day * National Pumpkin Seed Day * Pudding Season Begins * Vegan Baking Day * Willy Wonka Day * World Vegetarian Day * National Chimney Safety Week * National Drive Electric Week * National Fall Foliage Week * National Hispanic Heritage Weeks * Breast Cancer Awareness Month * AIDS Awareness Month * LGBT History Month * National Cookie Month

Links and References:
1. https://youtu.be/fNkyPFS5vTg?si=AzPnUdBeGBYG_WVB 2. https://foundations.vision.org/hell-origins-idea-626 3. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/heaven-hell/ 4. https://www.faithonview.com/what-is-hell/ 5. https://bigthink.com/high-culture/brief-history-hell/ 6. https://doctorspaghetti.org/heaven-and-hell-the-pastafarian-view/

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You have probably heard of white noise, but there are a variety of noise patterns that have been assigned a color. Some have proposed hypothetical benefits of these various sound patterns ranging from sleep or focus to mental health conditions. We take a scalpel and scientifically remove the fluff. Tell us what colored sounds you prefer!

Links and References:
1. https://www.edweek.org/leadership/brown-white-pink-what-different-colors-of-noise-mean-and-how-they-can-help-learning/2023/11#:~:text=What%20about%20other%20colors%20of,can%20do%2C%E2%80%9D%20Berlau%20said. 2. https://www.aarp.org/health/healthy-living/colored-sleep-noise/#:~:text=What%20color%20noise%20is%20best,works%20best%20for%20you.%E2%80%8B 3. https://www.bettersleep.com/blog/a-complete-guide-to-colored-noise-exploring-the-sound-spectrum-in-colors 4. https://youtu.be/auCj6O9DRbs?si=DZxd5k4Hf5JwOX1O

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In the last episode, we outlined several specific propaganda strategies. We conclude this discussion by explaining some ways we can attempt to combat propaganda. Although propaganda can be a tool for good, it is often used nefariously, and we are well served to protect ourselves against those who would manipulate us. Did we miss anything? Let us know!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Between the Buried and Me “The Blue Nowhere”- (https://www.betweentheburiedandme.com/) * Shane: Disney Food and Wine Festival (https://vegandisneyworld.com/2024/08/30/vegan-options-at-the-epcot-international-food-wine-festival/)

Holidays (9/24/2025)
* Punctuation Day * National Mofongo Day * Banned Websites Awareness Day * Festival of Latest Novelties * Gallbladder Good Health Day * Kiss Day * Lash Stylists Day * National Bluebird of Happiness Day * National Cherries Jubilee Day * National Horchata Day * National Women’s Health and Fitness Day * Schwenkfelder Thanksgiving * Banned Books Week * Child Passenger Safety Awareness Week * Deaf Dog Awareness Week * Fall Astronomy Week

Links and References:
1. https://disinformation-nation.org/how-propaganda-works/ 2. http://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691173429/how-propaganda-works?srsltid=AfmBOorUX3x7ZgsGZ1dyU_bt0OeTC-bnm_0maw2D3FZclD5sp65cJ4je 3. https://sjdm.org/presentations/2020-Poster-Heyman-Schrum-Cassandra-Psychology-of-Propaganda.pdf 4. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/1938/05/the-psychology-of-propaganda/654999/ 5. https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.2044-8341.1941.tb00312.x 6. psychologs.com/the-psychology-behind-propaganda/?srsltid=AfmBOor4m2MZ7Rs4pqmagvFEui02ZN14zWIcPI7XZQ-pB4D4665LhIK6 7. https://www.verywellmind.com/how-does-propaganda-work-5224974 8. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/insight-therapy/201702/the-con-propaganda 9. https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393881516

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Kintsugi is a Japanese tradition of repairing broken things rather than retiring them, and in doing so making them stronger. It has a nice metaphor for personal, social, and economic issues. We discuss the history, techniques, and metaphors of kinsugi.

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Links and References:
1. https://mymodernmet.com/kintsugi-kintsukuroi/ 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zabQFbChhGM&t=18s 3. https://kintsugi-shop.com/what-kintsugi-teaches-us/#:~:text=Kintsugi%2C%20the%20art%20of%20imperfection,not%20be%20hidden%20or%20shamed. 4. https://open.library.okstate.edu/introphilosophy/chapter/ship-of-theseus/#:~:text=The%20ship%20wherein%20Theseus%20and,it%20was%20not%20the%20same. 5. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/pop-culture-mental-health/202403/what-kintsugi-can-teach-us-about-our-emotional-health 6. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/aging-wisdom/202108/brokenness-and-beauty-what-the-art-kintsugi-can-teach-us

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Propaganda is remarkably effective at influencing your behavior, even if you don't recognize that it is happening. Being aware of its strategies can help prevent you from falling victim as much. But no one is immune. Propaganda is one of the ways conspiracy theories are born, for those extremely gullible among us. This issue inspires some passionate soap-boxing... although there is a lot more of that in part 2. Enjoy!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Upload (season 4; https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Upload/0R12OTGH71AFFIJKW1R4WQT90V) * Shane: Wool by Hugh Howey (https://www.bookhampton.com/book/9780358447849)

Holidays (9/17/2025)
* Citizenship Day * Constitution Day * International Country Music Day * National Apple Dumpling Day * National Monte Cristo Day * National Professional House Cleaners Day * National Rehabilitation Day * National School Backpack Awareness Day * National Table Shuffleboard Day * Times Up Day * VFW Ladies Auxiliary Day * World Patient Safety Day * Adopt a Less Adoptable Pet Week * Balance Awareness Week * Constitution Week * Mitochondrial Disease Awareness Week * National Drive Electric Week

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A lot. Unless you have face blindness, you can remember a lot of faces. Is this all in the brian? We do our best to explain the research behind our ability to recognize a very large number of faces.

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Links and References: 1. https://www.science.org/content/article/average-person-can-recognize-5000-faces 2. https://zuckermaninstitute.columbia.edu/computer-models-mimic-brain-s-ease-telling-faces-apart 3. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2018/oct/10/how-many-faces-average-person-recognises-5000

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Once again, we have an idea that has mostly been bogged down in the septic tank of pseudoscience. There seems to be some therapeutic benefit to chiropractic care, but there's so much crap spread on top that it's difficult to find. We dig into the aspects of this that are worth saving vs throwing out.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Drop (https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-movies/drop) * Shane: Strange Pictures by Uketsu (https://www.harpercollins.com/products/strange-pictures-uketsu?variant=42921568141346)

Holidays (9/10/2025):
* Blame it on the Large Hadron Collider Day * International Creepy Boston Dynamics Robotic Horse Day * International Makeup Day * National Hot Dog Day * Sew Be It * Swap Ideas Day * TV Dinner Day * World Suicide Prevention Day * Direct Support Professional Recognition Week * International Air Ambulance Week * Line Dance Week * Malnutrition Awareness Week * Minimally Invasive Surgery Week * National Assisted Living Week * National Biscuit and Gravy Week * National Suicide Prevention Week * National Waffle Week * Sobriety Checkpoint Week * Substitute Teacher Appreciation Week

Links and References:
1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8915715/ 2. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/chiropractic-adjustment/about/pac-20393513 3. https://www.jpsmjournal.com/article/S0885-3924(07)00783-X/fulltext 4. https://ascentchiropractic.com/the-crazy-unadulterated-history-of-chiropractic-spinal-manipulation/ 5. https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/chiropractic-pediatrics-conference-features-anti-vaccination-ideology-as-usual/ 6. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8564978/ 7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK91735/#:~:text=RESULTS%3A%20Twenty%20six%20fatalities%20were,have%20occurred%20after%20chiropractic%20manipulations. 8. https://www.healthline.com/health/is-chiropractic-pseudoscience 9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4326543/

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This is another exploration of bad idea history. At one point, humans got really into consuming and surrounding themselves with irradiated materials. This idea stands out because the origins can be traced back to a clear starting point and "logic." FYI: Don't consume or put yourself (or anyone else) near radium. We'll explain why.

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Links and References: 1. https://search.library.wisc.edu/catalog/9912414468002121 2. https://www.arpansa.gov.au/understanding-radiation/what-is-radiation/ionising-radiation

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Fast fashion is a business model that emphasizes extremely high volume, cheap clothing designed to only last a short amount of time. This strategy produces an staggering amount of waste, consumes mllions of tons of raw materials, and contributes more to climate change than all internatinal flights and maritime vessels combined. However, it also employs millions of people, boosts the economy, and provides affordable clothing around the world. We examine the human behaviors invovled and the forces that drive this endeavor.

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Faculty (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0133751/) * Shane: Deftones - private music (https://open.spotify.com/album/1gmWnG5TeRj91Tdm2lpEvJ?si=O-TDMIOXTW-YwdA0xrYIlw)

Holidays (9/3/2025):
* Global Talent Acquisition Day * National Skyscraper Day * National Welsh Rarebit Day * Penny Press Day * International Enthusiasm Week * National Childhood Injury Prevention Week * National Nutrition Week * National Payroll Week * Play Days * Self-University Week * Hispanic Heritage Month * National Honey Month * National Spinal Cord Injury Awareness Month * National Suicide Prevention Month

Links and References:
1. https://www.mckinsey.com/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers/what-is-fast-fashion 2. https://earth.org/fast-fashions-detrimental-effect-on-the-environment/ 3. https://www.aup.edu/evolution-sustainable-fashion-timeline 4. https://www.vogue.com/article/what-is-fast-fashion 5. https://www.homebyames.com/en-us/ho/closetmaid/ 6. https://www.thesustainablefashionforum.com/pages/the-psychology-of-fast-fashion-exploring-the-complex-emotions-fast-fashion-evokes-in-consumers

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We have very special relationships with our pets. We usually try to talk to them. Do they understand what we are saying? Do they know their names? We quickly explore what it means for our pets to "understand" us or to "know" their names. There are some things we know about this and some things we don't.

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Links and References: 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ktIgM1qN4Lo 2. https://www.aspcapetinsurance.com/resources/can-dogs-understand-humans/ 3. https://www.whole-dog-journal.com/lifestyle/how-much-do-dogs-understand-humans/

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One could argue there are two ways of aggregating knowledge: by guessing or by verifying information. The current system for verifying is by checking one another's work through peer review, a process by which experts first review the quality of the work submitted for publication and only allowing information through that is rigorous in its method or arguments. This is not without its flaws, however. Bias and blinding (or lack thereof) can prevent legitimate science from being disseminated or too eagerly publish bad science that is favorable to the reviewers. We explain the ins and outs of the peer review system and some ways it might improve.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Sonora (board game: https://www.bluehighwaygames.com/sonora.html) * Shane: Radical Care Issue #1 (https://tr.ee/VdAMZ8pUZF)

Holidays (8/27/2025):
* Banana Lover’s Day * Just Because Day * Kiss Me Day * National Petroleum Day * National Pots de Creme Day * Slow Art Day * Tarzan Day * The Duchess Who Wasn’t Day * Tug of War Day * Willing to Lend a Hand Wednesday * World Rock Paper Scissors Day * Be Kind to Humankind Week * Brake Safety Week * Health Unit Coordinators Week * National Composites Week * National Safe at Home Week * Rabi ‘al Awwal * World Water Week

Links and References:
1. https://authorservices.wiley.com/Reviewers/journal-reviewers/what-is-peer-review/types-of-peer-review.html 2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11804526/ 3. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.210681 4. https://researchintegrityjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s41073-020-00092-1 5. https://publications.aap.org/hospitalpediatrics/article/12/11/e409/189689/Research-Methods-How-to-Perform-an-Effective-Peer?autologincheck=redirected 6. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4975196/ 7. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC5999550/

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There is a proposal that there is a dichotomy in human activities (specifically the cognitive ones) that can be characterized as a "warrior" mentality or a "victim" mentality. Any dichotomy that attempts to clasffiy behavior this way is going to have substantial limitations. We suggest that this discinction can be helpful in some ways, but seems highly toxic in others.

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Links and References: 1. https://mwangijoyce82.medium.com/are-you-a-victim-or-warrior-your-mindset-is-the-only-arsenal-you-need-4c6852e38748 2. https://thebipolarbattle.org/are-you-a-warrior-survivor-victim-fighter-or-something-different/ 3. https://medium.com/imagine-foundation/mindsets-warrior-mindset-vs-victim-mindset-imagine-special-edition-96c460544306 4. https://www.proquest.com/openview/178c1e9f765fd3efb81f7145e8c0222f/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=18750&diss=y

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Pain can be conceptualized physiologically, neurologically, and behaviorally. We review the physiological and neurological components of pain, and then spend considerable time considering the behavioral aspects of pain. It's a subject that seems straight forward on the surface, but has a surprising amount of complexity, nuance, and disagreement. It might seem nice to not be able to feel pain, but this is actually very dangerous. Also, so plants feel pain?

Recommendations
* Abraham: Mr. Monk’s Last Case: A Monk Movie (https://www.peacocktv.com/stream-movies/mr-monks-last-case-a-monk-movie) * Shane: Let This Radicalize You: Organizing and the Revolution of Reciprocal Care by Kelly Hays and Mariame Kaba (https://www.haymarketbooks.org/books/1922-let-this-radicalize-you)

Holidays (8/20/2025):
* International Day of Medical Transporters * Lemonade Day * National Chocolate Pecan Pie Day * National Medical Dosimetrist Day * National Radio Day * Virtual Worlds Day * World Mosquito Day * Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over * Minority Enterprise Development Week * National Aviation Week

Links and References:
1. https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/pain5.htm 2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3690315/ 3. American Pain Society. "Pain: Current Understanding of Assessment, Management, and Treatments."http://www.ampainsoc.org/ce/enduring.htm 4. Besson, JM. "The Neurobiology of Pain." Lancet 353: 1610-1615, 1999.http://www.ub.uio.no/umn/farm/pbl/artikler/Neurobiology%20of%20pain.pdf 5. Fine P, Portenoy RK. "Opioid Analgesia." McGraw Hill, 2004 6. Hamilton, PS. "Michigan: Pain and Symptom Management."http://www.criticalcareceu.com/courses/151/index_ccare.html 7. Hudspith, MJ et al. "Physiology of Pain."http://intl.elsevierhealth.com/e-books/pdf/1198.pdf 8. Jackson, M. "Pain and Its Mysteries." Adapted from "Pain the Fifth Vital Sign," 2002.http://fleen.psych.udel.edu/articles/AEP04.3.12.PDF 9. Koman, K. "The Science of Hurt." Harvard Magazine, Nov.-Dec. 2005.http://www.harvardmagazine.com/on-line/110523.html 10. Krames, E. "The Neurobiology of Pain."http://pacpain.com/docs/PPTC_Neurobiology-painforweb.pdf 11. Massage & Bodywork Magazine. "Making Sense of Back Pain Part One."http://www.massageandbodywork.com/Articles/JuneJuly2006/backpain.html 12. Massage & Bodywork Magazine. "Making Sense of Back Pain Part Two."http://www.massageandbodywork.com/Articles/AugSep2006/backpain.html 13. Massage & Bodywork Magazine. "The Pain Game Part One."http://www.massageandbodywork.com/Articles/JuneJuly2006/paingame.html 14. Massage & Bodywork Magazine. "The Pain Game Part Two."http://www.massageandbodywork.com/Articles/AugSep2006/paingame.html 15. McMahon, S and D Bennett. "Pain Mechanisms, Nature Reviews Neuroscience" poster.http://www.nature.com/nrn/posters/pain/nrn_pain_poster.pdf 16. Nat. Acad. Sciences Colloquium. "The Neurobiology of Pain." National Academies Press, 1999.http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309065488 17. NCI: Pain Control. "A Guide for People with Cancer and Their Families."http://www.cancer.gov/cancertopics/paincontrol/page1 18. "Neuroscience for Kids: Pain"http://faculty.washington.edu/chudler/pain.html 19. NIDCR/NIH, Converging Pathways of Pain Research at NIDCR.http://history.nih.gov/exhibits/pain/index.html 20. Pace, MC et al. "Neurobiology of Pain." J Cell Physiol 209: 8-12, 2006.http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/112641486/PDFSTART 21. Payne, R. "Cancer Pain: Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology."Cancer 63: 2266-2274, 1989.http://www3.interscience.wiley.com/cgi-bin/fulltext/112673169/PDFSTART 22. Purves, D et al, "Neuroscience Chapter 10: Pain."http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/bv.fcgi?rid=neurosci.chapter.675#top 23. Society for Neuroscience. http://www.sfn.org/ 24. Brain Facts. http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=brainFacts 25. Nociceptors and Pain. http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=brainBriefings_nociceptors 26. Gender and Pain. http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=brainBriefings_Gender_and_Pain 27. Neuropathic Pain. http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=brainBriefings_neuropathic 28. Killing Cells to Kill Pain. http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=brainBriefings_killing 29. CellsToKillPain Cannabinoids and Pain. http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm? 30. New Targets for Pain Relief. http://www.sfn.org/index.cfm?pagename=brainBriefings_painRelief 31. Spine-health.com. "Modern Theories of Chronic Pain."http://www.spine-health.com/topics/cd/pain/chronic_pain_theories/chronic_pain_theory01.html 32. StopPain.org. "Introduction to Chronic Pain."http://www.healingchronicpain.org/content/introduction/default.asp 33. Zichtermann, A. "Opioid Pharmacology and Considerations in Pain Management." US Pharmacisthttp://www.uspharmacist.com/index.asp?page=ce/105473/default.htm

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Autostereograms, better known as "Magic Eye" puzzles, are a unique 2D art in which repeated images create a 3D image, but you have to focus your eyes in just the right way to see it. We explain the history of this illusion, how it works, and how to see it. Futher, we explain why you see it as either 3D or inverted. Do you see the illusion?

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Links and References: 1. https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/puzzles/eye-puzzles.htm?s1sid=4smf3pkhna4lnqzen1jh9sb0&srch_tag=dp5hyoro5ijjte5xvqeo4asj5xls3paw 2. https://www.clarkeeye.com/the-science-behind-magic-eye-illusions#:~:text=A%20Magic%20Eye%20image%20starts,brain%20perceives%20the%20hidden%20picture.*

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Large musical movements are large cultural movements. Rap, rock, country, and other genres often galvanized or reflected social changes and values. Punk rock is a particularly iconoclast movement with an interesting history. We discuss the history of punk music as a genre of music and to an extent as a category of social behaviors. Even if you don't necessarily like punk, you may enjoy music that inspired it or was inspired by it. Let us know your favorite punk music and stories. Rock the casbah.

Shane's punk playlist: https://open.spotify.com/playlist/1Sb9ZSv9cd9VYRa3bX1oV9?si=tobbOaJcTnKHbYjw_hFspA

Recommendations
* Abraham: “The Frugal Wizards Handbook For Surviving Medieval England” by Brandon Sanderson (https://www.dragonsteelbooks.com/products/the-frugal-wizards-premium-hardcover) * Shane: Sigur Ros - Takk…(https://open.spotify.com/album/12tw1A9HmwE3MHvPfHhdoP?si=F5nKhJhCSCuv3Jd19jPtag)

Holidays (8/13/2025):
* International Lefthander’s Day * National Prosecco Day * World Calligraphy Day * Feeding Pets of the Homeless Week * National Chef’s Appreciation Week * National Resurrect Romance Week * National Scrabble Week * National Smile Week * Safe + Sound Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.soundoflife.com/blogs/mixtape/history-punk-music 2. https://timeline.carnegiehall.org/genres/punk-alt-rock 3. https://www.britannica.com/art/punk 4. https://www.rareformaudio.com/blog/birth-of-punk-rock 5. https://www.masterclass.com/articles/punk-rock-music-guide 6. https://dspace.cuni.cz/handle/20.500.11956/43078 7. https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/phc3.12145 8. https://blogs.bl.uk/english-and-drama/2016/08/from-shakespeare-to-rock-music-the-history-of-the-word-punk.html 9. https://www.joeflipmusic.com/blog/blues-rock-and-roll-and-its-musical-evolution 10. Shane's brain

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We often talk about what students can do by referring to their repertoire. But what does it mean to refer to their repertoire? A lot of philosohpy in one little mini episode!

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Links and References:
1. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. New York, NY: The Free Press. 2. Skinner, B. F. (1957). Verbal behavior. Cambridge, MA: Prentice Hall. 3. Skinner, B. F. (1974). About Behaviorism. New York, NY: Vintage Press. 4. Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson.

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Has it been so long? Abraham discusses his favorite discussion topic: Board games! Also ,there's been new research since that that further supports that board games are beneficial for cognitive and brain health. Prepare for fun, fun, fun, FUN.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Fantastic Four: First Steps (https://movies.disney.com/the-fantastic-four-first-steps) * Shane: Happy Gilmore 2 (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt31868189/)

Holidays (8/6/2025):
* Balloons to Heaven Day * Corporate Baby Name Day * Farmworker Appreciation Day * Hiroshima Day * National Fresh Breath Day * National Gossip Day * National Psychiatric Technician Appreciation Day * National Root Beer Float Day * Wiggle Your Toes Day * Exercise with your Child Week * Gallop International Tribal Indian Powwow * International Assistance Dog Week * International Clown Week * International Lace Week * Weird Contest Week * National Dog Month * National Hair Loss Awareness Month * National Brownies at Brunch Month * Black Business Month * National Immunization Awareness Month

Links and References:
1. https://bransonboardgamecafe.com/the-science-of-why-we-love-board-games/ 2. https://medium.com/@cook.benjamin/the-psychology-of-board-games-why-we-love-to-play-a2ca695069e1 3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0969698921000722 4. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-full-picture/202412/word-puzzles-and-board-games-boost-brain-health

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Do you ever feel an nearly uncontrollable urge to move your legs? If you do, you probably still don't have RLS, but it may be worth getting tested for a diagnosis. Please don't self-diagnose just because we talked about it. Restless Leg Syndome is mostly what it sounds like: A powerful urge to move your legs or get up and move around. Rather than just sitting for too long, this usually has a specific etiology and some specific treatments and tends to affect people's sleep. We'll explain the psychology involved here as well.

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Links and References: 1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/restless-legs-syndrome/symptoms-causes/syc-20377168 2. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9497-restless-legs-syndrome 3. https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/restless-legs-syndrome 4. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/restless-legs-syndrome/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20377174 5. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/restless-legs-syndrome-rls

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SEX! Now that we have your attention, this episode reviews some of the paraphilias that exist. More importantly, we try to understand with a compassionate and critical lens. Some paraphilias are simply different than what might be considered "normal" sexual behavior, but in which no one is hurt, or exploited, and everything is consensual. However, there are paraphilias that include lack of consent, expoitation, or harm. There is no black and white way to classify this, so we need nuance and critical thinking.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Jurassic World: Rebirth (https://www.jurassicworld.com/) * Shane: BK Adventure Tours (https://www.bkadventure.com/)

Holidays (7/30/2025):
* Father In Law Day * Health Care Now! Medicare’s Birthday * International Day of Friendship * National Cheesecake Day * National Chicken and Waffles Day * National Support Public Education Day * National Whistleblowers Appreciation Day * Paperback Book Day * Share a Hug Day * World Day Against Trafficking in Persons * World Snorkeling Day * Hepatitis Awareness Week * International Listening Association Week

Links and References
* https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554425/2. * https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/paraphilias3. * https://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/paraphilias-and-paraphilic-disorders/overview-of-paraphilias-and-paraphilic-disorders4 * https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S10564993183055225 * https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S00472352220010156 * https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/291419-overview7 * https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26941021/8 * https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S17436095153353239. * https://www.nature.com/articles/s41443-024-00835-410 * https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Prevalence-of-Experience-at-Least-Once-in-Lifetime-With-Paraphilic-Behaviors-Among_tbl1_28936825411. * https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1079063223119931812 * https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/paraphilias-and-paraphilic-disorders/overview-of-paraphilias-and-paraphilic-disorders13. * https://www.mentalhealth.com/library/introduction-to-sexual-disorders

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You would think we would want a full length for this topic. Maybe we still will do one! But for now, we figured we can at least help clear up some misunderstandings or lack of understanding that some may have.

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Links and References:
1. What is Learning? 2. Donahoe, J. W., & Palmer, D. C. (2004). Learning and Complex Behavior. Ledgetop Publishing: Richmond, MA. 3. Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and Human Behavior. The Free Press: New York, NY. 4. Kantor, J. R., & Smith, N. W. (1975). The Science of Psychology: An Interbehavioral Survey. Principia Press: Chicago, IL.

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This second part completes the story of the tragedy of the murders at Jonestown. In addition, we expand on this conversation by unpacking the mentality of the participants, and dig a little bit into how charismatic leaders can develop a following that seems baffling from the outside. It is an analysis on where we were as a country, and as a species, as well as where we are now and where we are going.

Recommendations:
* Abraham: Superman (2025); https://www.superman.com/ * Shane: Jimmy Eat World Live (https://www.jimmyeatworld.com/)

Holidays (7/23/2025):
* Gorgeous Grandma Day * Hot Enough For ya Day * Mosquito Day * National Vanilla Ice Cream Day * Peanut Butter and Chocolate Day * Sprinkle Day * World Sjorgren’s Day * Yada, Yada, Yada Day * Hemingway Look Alike Days * National Independent Retailers Day * National Moth Week * National Parenting Gifted Children Week * National Triathlon Week * National Zoo Keeper Week * Restless Leg Syndrome Education and Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://adst.org/2012/11/the-jonestown-massacre/ 2. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/november-18/mass-suicide-at-jonestown 3. https://www.annemergmed.com/article/S0196-0644(11)01340-0/fulltext 4. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/nov/17/an-apocalyptic-cult-900-dead-remembering-the-jonestown-massacre-40-years-on 5. https://www.britannica.com/event/Jonestown 6. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/yorklr2÷=6&id=&page= 7. https://bpspsychub.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/bjso.12772 8. https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/jonestown.htm?s1sid=a48k3z9p1i7wvnlvcw1lrfbq&srch_tag=ben5nf7at4ksnp6j5hq3de3buxzfctat

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We all hate it. Yet, some of us do it. We talk about why people do it, how recipients perceive it, and how passenger commentary/critique/analysis affects driving behavior and safety.

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Links and References: 1. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/201005/field-guide-the-backseat-driver-pedal-the-meddle 2. https://www.foxnews.com/auto/20-reasons-why-you-may-be-a-backseat-driver 3. https://www.margietherapy.com/backseat-driver-plagued-one/#:~:text=Your%20brain%2C%20if%20it%20works,would%20a%20driver%20perceive%20criticism? 4. https://observer.case.edu/faccenda-put-the-brakes-on-backseat-driving/ 5. https://www.kars4kids.org/hub/backseat-drivers-the-dangerous-karens-who-risk-our-lives/

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One of the largest mass murders of American citizens in history took place in 1978 in Guyana at the hands of cult leader, Jim Jones. This discussion delves into the circumstances that gave rise to Jones' power and influence of hundreds of people that lead to a tragic mass death of hundreds of people young and old. This first episode chronicles Jones' life as he rose to prominence and eventually moved his congregation to South America. The next episode will unravel the tragedy that took place in 1978, as well as an discussion about how this cult was so influential, whether this could happen again, and what we can do about it.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Saosin by Saosin (https://open.spotify.com/album/2osTPStH5H7i4fMHS7eauR) * Shane: The Kaiju Preservation Society by John Scalzi (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/57693406-the-kaiju-preservation-society)

Holidays (7/16/2025):
* Guinea Pig Appreciation Day * Hot Dog Night * National Corn Fritters Day * National Fresh Spinach Day * National Personal Chef’s Day * Take Your Poet to Work Day * World Snake Day * Captive Nations Week * Coral Reef Awareness Week * Every Body Deserves a Massage Week * National Baby Food Week * National Ventriloquism Week * Operation Safe Driver Week * Rabbit Week * Sports Cliche Week

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Do you bite your fingernails or know someone who does? Why do we do this weird, self-destructive thing? What can we do to stop it? We quickly explore the conditions under which we bite our fingernails and some strategies for reducing the frequency of this habit. Tell us your experiences with nail biting (info@wwdwwdpodcast.com; ‪@wwdwwdpodcast.bsky.social‬)

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Links:
1. https://www.news-medical.net/health/The-Psychology-Behind-Nail-Biting.aspx 2. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/nail-biting-when-does-it-go-too-far 3. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC3004689/

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Tipping is another oddly American tradition that we all pretty universally hate. Perhaps you did not know that the modern conception of tipping arose during reconstruction as a means to not have to pay black people for their labor. We explore the origins of this strange, uniquely American tradition, why it persists, and what is probably going to make this problem much, much worse.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Unconscious Mind (https://luckyduckgames.com/usa/?srsltid=AfmBOor3zWBbHAlhJyg2tsekDN2j6PpVGbsEfOw5nXwKAJYmT7PnPmJV) * Shane: Hotline TNT - Raspberry Moon (https://open.spotify.com/album/3MVdeSmUl32TTzLy6dFFtZ?si=tD1AgdpJRkSxi6kRIekR6Q)

Holidays (7/9/2025):
* Call of the Horizon * Fashion Day * Martyrdom of the Bab * National Don’t Put All your Eggs in One Omelet Day * National No Bra Day * National Sugar Cookie Day * Durian Fruit Day * National Dimples Day * Argentina’s Independence Day * Wimbledon * Rabbit Week * Air Conditioning Appreciation Days * Be Nice to New Jersey Week * Dog Days of Summer * Freedom Week * National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee Week * National Farriers Week * Shark Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.gutenberg.org/files/33170/33170-h/33170-h.htm 2. https://www.7shifts.com/blog/history-of-tipping-restaurants/ 3. https://www.povertylaw.org/article/the-racist-history-behind-americas-tipping-culture/ 4. https://www.foodwoolf.com/2010/08/history-of-tipping.html 5. https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20230606-how-to-tip-around-the-world 6. https://www.westernunion.com/blog/en/global-tipping-guide/?cust_src=organic_search 7. https://time.com/5404475/history-tipping-american-restaurants-civil-war/ 8. https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/tip-sheet/ 9. https://www.paycor.com/resource-center/articles/minimum-wage-tipped-employees-by-state/ 10. https://www.dol.gov/general/topic/wages/minimumwage

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Some people use this term incorretly, some don't know it at all. To help get everyone on the same page, we are going to review the history of research that first described this phenomenon. Then, we will give examples of what this might look like in real-life scenarios.

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Links and References: 1. Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied Behavior Analysis, 3rd Ed. Pearson. 2. Seligman, M. E., & Maier, S. F. (1967). Failure to escape traumatic shock. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 74(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0024514 3. Maier, S.F., Seligman, M.E.P., & Solomon, R.L. (1969). Pavlovian fear conditioning and learned helplessness: Effects on escape and avoidance behavior of (a) the CS-US contingency, and (b) the independence of the US and voluntary responding. In: Campbell BA, Church RM, editors. Punishment. New York, NY: Appleton-Century-Crofts; pp. 299–342

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Special guests Jennifer Farris, Meg Solomon, and Dr. Mari Cerda join us to talk about their new book about developing a compassionate care model. They outline the critical elemtents of their discussion, and share personal stories to help illustrate their recommendations. At the end, they join us in giving their own recommendations for things that bring them joy. We could all use a little more joy.

Find the Book Here:
https://www.amazon.com/Reframe-Framework-Developing-Compassionate-Instructional/dp/1300540478?source=ps-sl-shoppingads-lpcontext&ref_=fplfs&psc=1∣=ATVPDKIKX0DER

Recommendations:
Dr. Mari Cerda: Mindful moments outside; Shrinking (TV show;
Meg Solomon: Moody by Royel Otis (https://youtu.be/twM4KF99yd0?si=Z_BsmNfDJFd_amiT) and Murderbot (https://tv.apple.com/us/show/murderbot/umc.cmc.5owrzntj9v1gpg31wshflud03)
Jennifer Farris: Wellfleet Oysters with Brut Champagne
Shane: Talking to Strangers by Malcom Gladwell (https://www.barnesandnoble.com/w/talking-to-strangers-malcolm-gladwell/1130509634)
Abraham: The Things We Tell Ourselves in the Dark (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6FdXmAPM8u4)

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Can you walk around being skeptical all day long? At what point do you need to let your guard down? We suggest that not only can you go about your day being skeptical, it is better if you do. We'll explain.

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Links:
1. https://www.theskepticsguide.org/

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There is a unique type of brain trauma that destroys lives and cuts them short and we can't even tell that it has happened until after your death. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy occurs when there is repeated head trauma, even if it is mild. The result can manifest as forgetfulness, impulsivity, violence, and an early death. Mercifully, it is relatively preventable. Unfortunately, few people care to prevent it. Protect Your Brain!

Recommendations:
* Abraham: Mickey 17 (https://www.max.com/movies/mickey-17/fbe17356-9db7-4ab3-928e-32978e0cfbc7) * Shane: 1908 Bakery (https://bakery1908.com/)

Holidays (6/25/2025):
* Bourdain Day * Color TV Day * Day of the Seafarer * Global Beatles Day * National Catfish Day * National Strawberry Parfait Day * School Prayer Banned Anniversary * World Vitiligo Day * Amateur Radio Week * Boys and Girls Club Week * Fish are Friends, Not Food Week * National Body Piercing Week * National Insect Week * National Lightning Safety Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/symptoms-causes/syc-20370921 2. https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy/ 3. https://medicine.iu.edu/expertise/traumatic-brain-injury/what-is-chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy 4. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/17686-chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy-cte 5. https://www.alz.org/alzheimers-dementia/what-is-dementia/related_conditions/chronic-traumatic-encephalopathy 6. https://www.headstrongconcussion.com/history-of-cte 7. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/260461 8. https://academic.oup.com/brain/article/141/1/318/4774567 9. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0277953619306835#:~:text=22,of%20their%20respective%20patient%20populations. 10. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acschemneuro.7b00291#:~:text=High%20Resolution%20Image,%2C%20extreme%20sports%2C%20etc.) 11. https://steemit.com/steemiteducation/@cabbagepatch/an-american-tragedy-story-of-mike-webster-pro-hall-of-famer-and-cte 12. https://www.massgeneralbrigham.org/en/about/newsroom/press-releases/study-finds-1-in-3-former-nfl-players-believe-they-have-cte 13. https://www.ucs.org/resources/nfl-tried-intimidate-scientists-studying-link-between-pro-football-and-traumatic-brain

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Sometimes we have some random twitches that develop out of nowhere. What is going on with these? Why do they happen? And, what can we do about it? We explore the uncomfortable world of twitches. Fun fact, these are technically different from spasms.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/symptoms/muscle-twitching#:~:text=Muscle%20twitching%20is%20caused%20by,of%20a%20nervous%20system%20disorder. 2. https://www.webmd.com/brain/ss/slideshow-twitches-spasms-causes 3. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/324641

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Replacement theory is essentially a propaganda campaign engineered to scare gullible people into giving power to autocrats. Versions of this have been around for a long time. We review the history of replacement theory, explain how it works to trick people into voting against their interests (and the interests of everyone else), and what we can do about it.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Wool (https://hughhowey.com/books/wool/) * Shane: Turnstile - NEVER ENOUGH (https://open.spotify.com/album/52yD51X7yDinwlg6tbCtpP?si=LoE11WYfRfygXQaUwd2Ceg)

Holidays (06/18/25):
* Autistic Pride Day * Go Fishing Day * International Panic Day * International Picnic Day * International Sushi Day * National Cheesemaker’s Day * National Cherry Tart Day * National Splurge Day * Animal Rights Awareness Week * Carpenter Ant Awareness Week * Learning Disabilities Week * National Roller Coaster Week * Take Your Dog to Work Week * Wobbly Week

Links and References:
1. https://immigrationforum.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/12/Replacement-Theory-Explainer-1122.pdf 2. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/politics/what-is-great-replacement-theory-and-how-does-it-fuel-racist-violence 3. https://theconversation.com/what-is-the-great-replacement-theory-a-scholar-of-race-relations-explains-224835 4. https://www.splcenter.org/resources/hatewatch/racist-great-replacement-conspiracy-theory-explained/ 5. https://www.ajc.org/translatehate/great-replacement 6. https://www.adl.org/resources/backgrounder/great-replacement-explainer 7. https://hias.org/news/deep-dive-great-replacement-theory/ 8. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/jun/08/a-deadly-ideology-how-the-great-replacement-theory-went-mainstream

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One of the most common strategies of current right-wing propaganda is to say something that sounds like reasonable words, but when you break it down it is misleading, misinformed, outright wrong, or even dangerous. One example of this is a recent suggestion that we start using placebo-controlled experimental arrangements for established vaccines. This is fairly simple to dismantle, so buckle in for a quick and dirty takedown of the placebo-controlled vaccine studies stupid nonsense.

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Links and References: 1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4157320/ 2. https://www.statnews.com/2025/05/22/vaccines-placebo-controlled-trials-hhs-clinical-research-ethics/ 3. https://news.northwestern.edu/stories/2025/05/placebo-testing-vaccines-is-unethical-a-waste-of-time-and-money-expert-says/?fj=1

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Science is not perfect, because it is human. But it is strives for correction, unlike almost any other human institution or endeavor. Much of what science does at the basic level can feel absurd, esoteric, and pointless. Sometimes, it is. But funding basic scientific research is the reason we have made more progress in the last 150 years than the previous 3,000 years combined. Let's continue making strides forward with our values in mind: fund basic science research!

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Stormlight Archive: Wind and Truth (https://www.brandonsanderson.com/pages/the-stormlight-archive-series) * Shane: Y: The Last Man (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Y:_The_Last_Man)

Holidays (6/11/2025):
* Corn on the Cob Day * Cousteau Day * Dirty Book Day * International Yarn Bombing * Kamehameha Day * National Cotton Candy Day * National German Chocolate Cake Day * National Making Life Beautiful Day * California State Parks Week * Community Health Improvement Week (CHI) * Meet a Mate Week * National Clay Week * National Little League Baseball Week * National Pet Wedding Week * Shampoo Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.senate.gov/artandhistory/history/minute/Senator_William_Proxmire.htm 2. https://www.aei.org/economics/in-praise-of-science-investment-especially-basic-research/ 3. https://www.goldengooseaward.org/our-gaggle 4. https://www.goldengooseaward.org/01awardees/nanopores 5. https://www.aau.edu/newsroom/leading-research-universities-report/new-research-suggests-returns-federal-investments-rd 6. https://www.americanprogress.org/article/the-high-return-on-investment-for-publicly-funded-research/ 7. https://www.goldengooseaward.org/01awardees/the-maser 8. https://www.goldengooseaward.org/01awardees/frog-skin-cholera

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The Scoville scale is a method for measuring the heat of capsaicin-laden food. This is the amount of sugar water needed to entirely dilute the spice. But, we say it more elegantly than that. Let the spice flow!

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Links and References: 1. https://www.nist.gov/how-do-you-measure-it/how-do-you-measure-heat-pepper 2. https://pepperscale.com/what-is-the-scoville-scale/ 3. https://pepperpalace.com/blogs/expert-tips/everything-youve-ever-wanted-to-know-about-the-scoville-scale?srsltid=AfmBOoojcmyRiT5Yv_4RSa631H588xTp2lgzgEorf5Cxbb0eYMXuLBam

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Lots of people smear colored dyes into the skin of their face almost every day. It's so commonplace, we hardly give it a second thought. We explore the history of makeup, and the psychology of this cultural practice. There are different motives for wearing makeup. We enumerate some of them here. It's not so simple as a lot of peope might try to make it out to be.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Love, Death, and Robots (Season 4; https://www.netflix.com/title/80174608) * Shane: Alien: Romulus (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt18412256/)

Holidays (6/4/2025)
* Chimborazo Day * Impersonate Authority Day * Love Conquers All Day * National Chocolate Macaroon Day * National Egg Day * National Itch Day * Repeat Day (I said “Repeat Day”) * World Bicycle Day * World Clubfoot Day * Bedbug Awareness Week * Black Single Parents Week * Canadian Environment Week * End Mountain Top Removal Week * National Migraine and Headache Awareness Month * National Portuguese Heritage Month * National Pollinators Month * National Soul Food Month * National Candy Month

Links and References:
1. https://www.cosmeticsinfo.org/history-of-cosmetics/ 2. https://www.si.edu/spotlight/health-hygiene-and-beauty/make-up 3. https://lmi.edu/blog/4000-yrs-of-makeup-the-evolution-of-makeup/ 4. https://www.lebube.com/post/psychology-behind-makeup 5. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-truth-about-exercise-addiction/201606/the-surprising-psychology-behind-makeup 6. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8956164/ 7. https://people.howstuffworks.com/about-makeup.htm 8. https://www.iceman.it/en/the-mummy/ 9. https://cosmeticsbusiness.com/the-story-of-war-paint-206037 10. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/no-makeup-week-chicago-wr_n_735467

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A trending strategy to bolster the interpretation of scientific results is to "pre-register" a study. This is publicly declaring your methods and data analysis procedures prior to beginning the research. Another advantage is that this means null results are more likely to be published. However, it may also inhibit attention to unexpected discovery. We'll briefly describe what pre-registering is, the pros and the cons.

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Links and References: 1. https://www.apa.org/pubs/journals/resources/preregistration 2. https://help.osf.io/article/145-preregistration 3. https://www.cos.io/initiatives/prereg 4. https://acf.gov/opre/blog/2022/08/pre-registering-studies-what-it-how-do-you-do-it-and-why 5. https://help.osf.io/article/603-benefits-of-registration 6. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2833373X.2024.2376046

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We are all gonna die! Some day :) Top 10, or 12 or something times that humans incorrectly predicted the end of the world! People have been doing this for a long, LONG time. Why do we love predicting the end of times? Is it money? Fame? Power? Mental Illness? A little of column A, a little of column B? We'll do our best to list some major would-be world-ending events that didn't end the world and why humans predicted them in the first place.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Sound of Metal (movie https://www.primevideo.com/detail/Sound-of-Metal/0U8IBE45LTNO63PAZ9B9ZA81RN) * Shane: Book tours on trips

Holidays (5/28/2025):
* End of the world * Amnesty International Day * International Hamburger Day * Menstrual Hygiene Day * National Senior Health and Fitness Day * Slugs Return from Capistrano Day * Whooping Crane Day * World Otter Day * National African Violet Week * National Frozen Yogurt Week * Older Americans Mental Health Week * Prepare Tomorrow’s Parents Month * Scripps National Spelling Bee * Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non Self-Governing Territories

Links and References:
1. https://www.ripleys.com/stories/doomsday-scenarios 2. https://www.britannica.com/list/10-failed-doomsday-predictions 3. https://georgianera.wordpress.com/2021/06/23/joanna-southcott-1750-1814-religious-prophetess/

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Music is an important part of many people's childhood. Early, we start soaking up everything we hear and give equal opportunity to select the things we'll like. Later, we can't seem to move on from those early experiences. Why do we get stuck in a music rut and lose motivation to find new music... or do we?

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Links and References: 1. https://neurosciencenews.com/music-aging-22716/?fbclid=IwAR2DlzUFA-zCgaDd3QXs9JQ2m4JFe4fd-rkmGEWlX7wtBZKgZxiqgkBM3DU 2. https://academic.oup.com/book/2888/chapter-abstract/143505209?redirectedFrom=fulltext 3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/253337104_Music_Through_the_Ages_Trends_in_Musical_Engagement_and_Preferences_From_Adolescence_Through_Middle_Adulthood

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Years ago we talked about the science of masturbation (yes, ther's a science). Amazingly, there are some updates in the research on masturbation, so we decided it was time for an update. Fair WARNING: Episode contains expllcit, sexual descriptions. Listen in!

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Recommendations
* Abraham: Tokaido (https://stonemaiergames.com/games/tokaido/) * Shane: Pet Symmetry - Big Symmetry (https://open.spotify.com/album/4Qt9subXSihAzylWq7dI8q?si=t5hlGJS2ScaCwE7tZGaakA)

Holidays (5/21/2025):
* American Red Cross Founder’s Day * End of the World or Rapture Party Day * I need a Patch for That Day * International Tea Day (but NOT in Boston) * National Juice Slush Day * National Memo Day * National Strawberries and Cream Day * Turn Beauty Inside Out Day * World Day of Cultural Diversity for Dialogue and Development * World Orienteering Day * Emergency Medical Services Week (EMS) * Healthy and Safe Swimming Week * National Foul Ball Week * National New Friends, Old Friends * National Vegetarian Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9794105/ 2. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7145784/ 3. https://www.psypost.org/large-study-unpacks-the-complicated-nature-of-problematic-masturbation/ 4. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-023-02641-3 5. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-022-02305-8 6. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11323945/ 7. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37414871/

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Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) used to be escalating toward crisis. However, a public health campaign was able to effectively influence behaviors and significantly reduced instances of SIDS. So, what is going on with SIDS? Why does it happen? What can do to prevent it? We'll quickly explain what is known about this frightening condition.

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There have been some wildly inaccurate claims in the news lately about autism and autistic people. There is a specific political agenda making the case that rates of autism are rising. Further, recent comments from RFK jr. have motivated us to respond and critique his asinine behavior. Autism is part of the human condition. Vaccines don't cause autism. We make an empassioned case against the misinformation ecosystem.

Recommendations
Abraham: Deafheaven - “Lonely People With Power” (https://deafheavens.bandcamp.com/album/lonely-people-with-power) * Shane: Thunderbolts (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt20969586/) * Bonus Recommend: Profound Autism Summit (https://www.profoundautismsummit.org/)

Holidays (5/14/2025):
* International Dylan Thomas Day * National Buttermilk Biscuit Day * National Dance Like a Chicken Day * World Stationary Day * International Chihuahua Appreciation Day * Online Romance Day * National Children’s Day in the UK * National Receptionists Day * National Third Shift Workers Day * National Decency Day * Shades Day * Economic Development Week * Food Allergy Awareness Week * Hospital Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.theautismservice.co.uk/news/the-history-of-autism/#:~:text=Born%20in%20the%20Russian%20Empire,t%20read%20or%20recognise%20faces. 2. https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/what-is-autism/the-history-of-autism#:~:text=Kanner%20syndrome,former%20London%20Borough%20of%20Camberwell. 3. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Autism-History.aspx 4. https://beyondthespectrummovie.com/a-history-of-autism/#:~:text=Experts%20now%20believe%20that%20humans,with%20autism%20appeared%20circa%201800. 5. Lovaas, O. I. (1987). Behavioral treatment and normal educational and intellectual functioning in young autistic children. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 55(1), 3–9. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.55.1.3 6. https://www.factcheck.org/2023/08/scicheck-what-rfk-jr-gets-wrong-about-autism/

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Facilitating prosocial behavior is something humans have struggled with for a long time. We unfortunately discovered that coercion was effective at directing some behaviors to some degree. This lead to a pervasive tendency to focus on punishment to try to influence behavior, as opposed to reinforcement and encouragement. This is a guide for shifting emphasis back toward acknowledging what's working as a more effective behavior management strategy.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.gottman.com/blog/the-magic-relationship-ratio-according-science/ 2. Friman, P. C. (2021). There is no such thing as a bad boy: The circumstances view of problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 54(2), 636-653. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.816 3. Allison, Wade, & Nichols, Allison. (2016). Catch ‘Em Being Good:” An Extension Service and State School System Team Up to Promote Positive Outcomes for Youth. Journal of Youth Development. 3. 144-153. 10.5195/JYD.2008.293. 4. https://www.tiee.org/teaching-fundamentals/positive-behavior-intervention-in-schools-pbis/

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A lot of engenuity has come out of various human endeavors over time. One system by which invention is motivated is the competition of capitalism. Thus, many people laud capitalism and private enterprise as the solution to most or all problems. We wanted to explore the motivations and science behind the management of a system that is government operated compared to a system that is privately operated to look for effects on human behavior and society. Turns out, the answers are nuanced.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Wheel of Time (season 3; https://www.primevideo.com/detail/The-Wheel-of-Time/0O0T3QWQ2OOTT8KCKC1PW233XW) * Shane: Wax Trax Records (https://www.waxtraxrecords.com/?srsltid=AfmBOopFbU71sLzY5hnnVkFQZWtSjwQQT2ymHHu0_i5PwRho65Xh1F1t)

Holidays (5/7/2025):
* Great American Grump Out * National Anxiety Disorders Screening Day * National Barrier Awareness Day * National Cosmopolitan Day * National Day to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy * National (Deaf) Interpreter Day * National School Nurse Day * National Skilled Trades Day * National Tourism Day * National Walk Bike & Roll to School Day * Occupational Safety and Health Professionals Day * Paste Up Day * Protect Aces Day * Air Quality Awareness Week * Arson Awareness Week * Be Kind to Animals Week * National Hug Holiday Week * National Hurricane Preparedness Week * Jewish American Heritage Month * ASL Awareness Month * National Wildfire Awareness Month * Jesse Spiker’s Birthday

Links and References:
1. https://www.economicshelp.org/blog/501/economics/advantages-of-privatisation/ 2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpolmod.2016.04.002 3. https://www.downsizinggovernment.org/privatization#:~:text=Railroads%2C%20airports%2C%20energy%20companies%2C,bypassed%20our%20own%20federal%20government. 4. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/privatization-of-non-inherently-governmental-functions-why-public-private-partnerships-are-so-effective-and-so-rare-in-the-federal-government/ 5. https://news.wsu.edu/press-release/2020/09/15/privatized-prisons-lead-inmates-longer-sentences-study-finds/ 6. https://www.afge.org/article/do-private-prisons-really-save-us-money/#:~:text=And%20on%20top%20of%20jeopardizing,to%20federal%20and%20state%20facilities.%22

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Airlines have tried various methods to herd people onto a plane efficiently. Governing a lot of moving people is tricky. Which methods work to get people boarded? Did you know there is no standard way to do this? We'll break down the issues with boarding.

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Links and References:
* https://www.faa.gov/air_traffic/by_the_numbers * https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/there-are-quicker-ways-to-board-a-plane-so-why-dont-airlines-use-them/

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Last episode we spent a lot of time discussing some history about text-based communication in general, so we barely touched on the concepts you would need to get started teaching reading. This episode, we describe most of the remaining phonetic rules to teach reading in the bizare code that is the English language.

Recommendations:
* Abraham: Sinners (https://slate.com/culture/2025/04/sinners-movie-michael-b-jordan-horror-how-scary.html) * Shane: Spaceships over Glasgow by Stuart Braithwaite (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/60891783-spaceships-over-glasgow)

Holidays (4/30/2025)
* Bugs Bunny Day * Day of the Child * Denim Day * Hairstyle Appreciation Day * Honesty Day * International Guide Dog Day * International Jazz Day * National Adopt a Shelter Pet Day * National Animal Advocacy Day * National Bubble Tea Day * National Mr. Potato Head Day * National Oatmeal Cookies Day * National Raisin Day * National Sarcoidosis Day * National Therapy Animal Day * Spank Out Day * Stop Food Waste Day * Go Diaper Free Week * National Auctioneers Week * National Green Week * National Scoop the Poop Week * National Youth Violence Prevention Week

Links and Reference:
1. https://www.mheducation.com/prek-12/resources/science-of-literacy.html#:~:text=Let's%20start%20thinking%20in%20terms,readers%2C%20writers%2C%20and%20thinkers. 2. https://www.thereadingleague.org/what-is-the-science-of-reading/#:~:text=The%20science%20of%20reading%20is%20a%20vast%2C%20interdisciplinary%20body%20of,School%20Psychology

https://www.reallygreatreading.com/blog/scarboroughs-reading-rope?srsltid=AfmBOopp-Hyjo_pG4GWpfCGsXJJgUgy2ca7hHNWZn8coyLQYFY3hytah

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How many names do you have? In America, it is very common to have three names, with the second name, called the "middle name," being a way to honor family, or just sound cool. We explain the history and uses of middle names. Listen in and support us if you can: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Links and Reference: 1. https://blog.myheritage.com/2024/10/exploring-the-diverse-origins-of-middle-names-from-tradition-to-trend/ 2. https://www.plansponsor.com/trivial-pursuits-middle-names-first-used/ 3. https://www.nps.gov/articles/000/why-no-middle-names.htm

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We are giving away the secret sauce. This is how to teach reading in Enlighs and how to do it efficiently. It's the rare trifecta of quick, cheap, and good. This first discussion needs to first carefully explain what reading is so that it is clear how teaching it works. Come back for part two to hear the builk of the sequence of curriculum.

Recommendations* Metal Lords: https://www.netflix.com/title/81207588 * Shane: Bon Iver - SABLE,fABLE (https://open.spotify.com/album/3L3UjpXtom6T0Plt1j6l1T?si=8mIX_zWwTia7NCex2xq67g)

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Holidays (4/23/2025):* Administrative Professional’s Day * Canada Book Day * English Language Day * Impossible Astronaut Day * International Pixel-stained Technopeasant Day * Lover’s Day * Movie Theatre Day * National Cherry Cheesecake Day * National Lost Dog Awareness Day * National Picnic Day * Slay a Dragon Day * Take a Chance Day * Spanish Language Day * Talk Like Shakespeare Day * American Quilters Society Week * Chemists Celebrate Earth Day * Every Kid Healthy Week * International Mariachi Week * National Karaoke Week * Holocaust Remembrance Week

Links and References: 1. https://www.mheducation.com/prek-12/resources/science-of-literacy.html#:~:text=Let's%20start%20thinking%20in%20terms,readers%2C%20writers%2C%20and%20thinkers. 2. https://www.thereadingleague.org/what-is-the-science-of-reading/#:~:text=The%20science%20of%20reading%20is%20a%20vast%2C%20interdisciplinary%20body%20of,School%20Psychology 3. https://www.reallygreatreading.com/blog/scarboroughs-reading-rope?srsltid=AfmBOopp-Hyjo_pG4GWpfCGsXJJgUgy2ca7hHNWZn8coyLQYFY3hytah

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The idea of holding someone hostage had to start somewhere. Actually, it started much more peacefully than what it evolved into. This episode is an exploration of the history of a word by reviewing Norse mythology. It is a blast, if we do say so ourselves. You're welcome.

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Links: 1. https://norse-mythology.org/tales/the-aesir-vanir-war/#:~:text=The%20Aesir%20fought%20by%20the,cheated%20in%20the%20hostage%20exchange. 2. https://www.etymonline.com/word/hostage 3. https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/hostage#:~:text=Definitions%20of%20hostage,captive%2C%20prisoner 4. https://www.scmp.com/magazines/post-magazine/short-reads/article/3244331/how-word-hostage-used-mean-something-quite-different-its-modern-definition-israel-gaza-war-rumbles

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Special guest, journalist Ben Miller, joins us to talk about journalism compared to other forms of "news" and the importance of journalism to a functioning democracy. What do we do to combat the slew of misinformation propogated by real and false "journalists?" Ben has some ideas. Listen in and share your thoughts with us.

Recommendations
* A Complete Unknown (https://www.searchlightpictures.com/a-complete-unknown) * Doctor Sleep by Stephen King (https://stephenking.com/works/novel/doctor-sleep.html)

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Everyone knows these squishly, novelty door prizes. Stress balls are touted as being able to help reduce your stress via the mechanical action of squeezing. Do they work to this end? Maybe! We'll explain in this brief, Monday mini.

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Links: 1. Yüksel & Güneş (2024). The Effect of Stress Ball on Anxiety and Pain Levels in Angiography: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Cardiovascular Therapeutics. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1155/2024/5049092 2. https://www.paperstone.co.uk/News/articles/stress_ball#:~:text=In%201988%20Carswell%20patented%20the,the%20palm%20of%20the%20hand. 3. Srivarsan, R. and Sridevi, G. and Preetha, S. (2021) An Evaluation on Use of Stress Ball Exercise on Stress Management among Student Population – A Cross Section Study. Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, 33 (47B). pp. 506-514. ISSN 2456-9119 4. https://minds.wisconsin.edu/handle/1793/80293 5. Kasar, Erzincanli, & Akbas (2020). The effect of a stress ball on stress, vital signs and patient comfort in hemodialysis patients: A randomized controlled trial. Complimentary Therapies in Clinical Practice. 6. Nurdina, G., Anggraini, D. ., Herdiman, & Hilda Novyanda. (2022). Effect of Stress Ball on Stress and Anxiety in Hemodialysis Patients . Jurnal Keperawatan Komprehensif (Comprehensive Nursing Journal), 8(Special Edition). Retrieved from https://journal.stikep-ppnijabar.ac.id/index.php/jkk/article/view/385 7. https://www.healthline.com/health/stress/do-stress-balls-work#effectiveness 8. https://www.calm.com/blog/stress-balls 9. https://www.brownmed.com/uncategorized/do-stress-balls-really-work/

Ozen, N., Berse, S., & Tosun, B. (2023). Effects of using a stress ball on anxiety and depression in patients undergoing hemodialysis: A prospective, balanced, single-blind, crossover study. Hemodialysis international. International Symposium on Home Hemodialysis, 27(4), 411–418. https://doi.org/10.1111/hdi.13102

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A lot is made of the potential benefits of massage. Unfortunately, the camp has established firm roots to a lot of other pseudoscience. There seems to be legitimate benefits to getting massage, even beyond the fact that they make us feel good. Let's do the good science to see how we can leverage massage to help the people who would benefit from it the most. And booooo pseudoscience.

Recommendations
* Abraham: My Old Ass (https://www.mgm.com/movies/my-old-ass) * Shane: Whiplash (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2582802/)

Holidays (04/09/25):
* Appomattox Day * Chinese Almond Cookie Day * Day of the Finnish Language * International ASRM Day * International Day of Pink * Jenkins Ear Day * Jumbo Day * Name Yourself Day * National Cherish an Antique Day * National Chicken Little Awareness Day * National Dive Bar Day * National Former Prisoner of War Recognition Day * National Gin and Tonic Day * National Unicorn Day * Winston Churchill Day * Bat Appreciation Week * Be Kind to Spiders Week * Explore Your Career Options Week * International Trombone Week * National Bake Week * National Dental Hygienist Week * National Oral, Head, and Neck Cancer Awareness Week * National Robotics Week

Links and References:
* https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/lifespan-perspectives/202201/massage-therapy-mental-health * https://www.nuhs.edu/4-mental-benefits-of-massage-therapy/ * https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/massage-for-depression-anxiety-and-stress * https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6715325/ * https://www.apa.org/monitor/julaug02/massage * https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Qais-Gasibat/publication/318929943_Determining_the_Benefits_of_Massage_Mechanisms_A_Review_of_Literature/links/59862ea5aca27266ad9f7178/Determining-the-Benefits-of-Massage-Mechanisms-A-Review-of-Literature.pdf?_sg%5B0%5D=started_experiment_milestone&origin=journalDetail * https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1836955315000582 * https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/acm.2011.0643 * https://www.painscience.com/articles/massage-therapy-side-effects.php * https://www.grandeprairiephysiotherapy.com/what-are-the-cons-and-pros-of-massage-therapy * https://www.benimassage.com/risks-of-massage/ * https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/deep-tissue-massage-benefits * https://massageluxe.com/franchise_blog/spa-owner-salary/#:~:text=Recent%20research%20indicates%20massage%20therapy%20is%20an,industry%20projections%20that%20were%20set%20in%202005. * https://www.concorde.edu/blog/rich-history-massage-therapy * https://www.healthline.com/health/how-to-increase-oxytocin#massage * Rapaport, M. H., Schettler, P. J., Larson, E. R., Carroll, D., Sharenko, M., Nettles, J., & Kinkead, B. (2018). Massage Therapy for Psychiatric Disorders. Focus (American Psychiatric Publishing), 16(1), 24–31. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.focus.20170043 * Müller-Oerlinghausen, B., & Eggart, M. (2020). Touch Research-Quo Vadis? A Plea for High-Quality Clinical Trials. Brain sciences, 11(1), 25. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11010025

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A signed copy of a first edition book might fetch you a high price down the road. But why? How does a signature increase the resale value of a book when it doesn't even increase the MSRP of a book? Is it even worth it for authors to spend dozens or even hundreds of hours signing books? We talk about the effect of authors signatures on books and why it increases the value and desirability.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.thebarefootwriter.com/map-your-book-blog/is-a-book-signing-worth-it#:~:text=Book%20signings%20help%20grow%20public,formal%20events%2C%20like%20speaking%20engagements. 2. https://goldsborobooks.com/blogs/news/what-makes-a-signed-first-edition-valuable

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Our second discussion regarding houselessness we finish our review of some of the myths of houselessness as well as some potential solutions. It is a complicated issue, but this means that it will require nuanced, and idiosyncratic solutions. Let's remember our humanity and compassion when considering the people who have the least, and use our best tool, science, to help us resolve the issue.

Recommendations:* Abraham: Finspan (https://store.stonemaiergames.com/products/finspan?srsltid=AfmBOordNx6Zp2EQyajI3Av2WWtwa8tw5OlC7kkS1c7YJkgLUibO1XOf) * Shane: Saturday Night (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt27657135/)

Holidays (for Part 2) (4/2/2025)* Global Day of the Engineer * International Fact-Checking Day * National Day of Hope * National Ferret Day * National Love your Produce Manager Day * National Peanut Butter and Jelly Day * National Walking Day * Paraprofessional Appreciation Day * Pascua Florida Day * Reconciliation Day * World Autism Awareness Day * American Crossword Puzzle Week * APAWS International Pooper Scooper Week * Golden Rule Week * Laugh at Work Week * Medication Safety Week * Testicular Cancer Awareness Week * National Pickleball Month * Limb Loss and Limb Difference Awareness Month * National Brunch Month * National Child Abuse Prevention Month * National Humor Month * National Autism Awareness Month (or Acceptance Month)

Links and References: 1. https://backpackbed.org/us/facts-about-homelessness/?gad_source=1 2. https://nvhs.org/myths-and-misconceptions-about-homelessness/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiAlbW-BhCMARIsADnwaspyqcN1vZDUaPMEUJK_aJ5y-CZOfcxzLGKP8w4abkuy8Ia3Y3uc2v0aAm3jEALw_wcB 3. https://community.solutions/research-posts/the-truth-about-homelessness/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiAlbW-BhCMARIsADnwaspZN_1FeneY5XoIx2bpTFpH-NEo5Kzkyz5z0v6WZriZtTclugiYoKoaApoHEALw_wcB 4. https://blanchethouse.org/homeless-houseless-unhoused-glossary-about-homelessness/ 5. https://www.councilforthehomeless.org/myths-facts-about-homelessness/ 6. https://www.operationtinyhome.org/ 7. https://www.samhsa.gov/blog/addressing-social-determinants-health-among-individuals-experiencing-homelessness 8. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jaba.60 9. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2018-47965-001 10. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/casp.2863 11. https://endhomelessness.org/homelessness-in-america/homelessness-statistics/state-of-homelessness/ 12. https://brushwiththelaw.org/brush-with-the-law-hoboglyphs-art-and-learning-class-homeless-shelter/ 13. https://www.nsa.gov/History/National-Cryptologic-Museum/Exhibits-Artifacts/Exhibit-View/Article/2718897/hobo-communications-a-brief-history-of-hobos-and-their-signs/#:~:text=The%20origins%20of%20the%20term,the%20highest%20of%20the%20handsome.

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Fake news is a triple threat for manipulating an audience. Boiled down, it is essentially a propaganda technique. We quickly expoore fake news, how it works, and the dangers it poses.

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Links and References:
1. https://guides.lib.umich.edu/fakenews 2. https://www.webwise.ie/teachers/what-is-fake-news/

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There are a lot of ideas, hypothesis, opinions, and judgements about the issue of houselessness (formerly known as homelessness, sorry RV dwellers). However, there is logic, understanding, and science in this space. We'll explore the turbulent world of the unhoused, what people get wrong, and in the next episode, what we can do about it. Check out the first part of this two-part series.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Heat: Pedal to the Metal (https://www.daysofwonder.com/game/heat/) * Shane: The Boys (Comic Series) by Garth Ennis

Holidays (3/26/2025):
* American Red Cross Giving Day * Good Hair Day * Legal Assistants Day * Little Red Wagon Day * Live Long and Prosper Day * Make Up Your Own Holiday Day * Manatee Appreciation Day * National Nougat Day * Purple Day * Solitude Day * Spinach Day * Wear a Hat Day * Autism Acceptance Week * International Phace Syndrome Awareness * National Cleaning Week * National Green Week * National Physicians Week * National Second-Hand Shopping Week * National Tsunami Awareness Week * Tick Bite Prevention Week * Week of Solidarity with the Peoples Struggling Against Racism and Racial Discrimination

Links and References:
1. https://backpackbed.org/us/facts-about-homelessness/?gad_source=1 2. https://nvhs.org/myths-and-misconceptions-about-homelessness/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiAlbW-BhCMARIsADnwaspyqcN1vZDUaPMEUJK_aJ5y-CZOfcxzLGKP8w4abkuy8Ia3Y3uc2v0aAm3jEALw_wcB 3. https://community.solutions/research-posts/the-truth-about-homelessness/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiAlbW-BhCMARIsADnwaspZN_1FeneY5XoIx2bpTFpH-NEo5Kzkyz5z0v6WZriZtTclugiYoKoaApoHEALw_wcB 4. https://blanchethouse.org/homeless-houseless-unhoused-glossary-about-homelessness/ 5. https://www.councilforthehomeless.org/myths-facts-about-homelessness/ 6. https://www.operationtinyhome.org/ 7. https://www.samhsa.gov/blog/addressing-social-determinants-health-among-individuals-experiencing-homelessness 8. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jaba.60 9. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/2018-47965-001 10. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/casp.2863 11. https://endhomelessness.org/homelessness-in-america/homelessness-statistics/state-of-homelessness/ 12. https://brushwiththelaw.org/brush-with-the-law-hoboglyphs-art-and-learning-class-homeless-shelter/ 13. https://www.nsa.gov/History/National-Cryptologic-Museum/Exhibits-Artifacts/Exhibit-View/Article/2718897/hobo-communications-a-brief-history-of-hobos-and-their-signs/#:~:text=The%20origins%20of%20the%20term,the%20highest%20of%20the%20handsome.

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Conventional wisdom is often wrong One maxim in particular asserts that past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior. Given that every opportunity to do anything is a learning opportunity, the implication of this saying is that no one ever learns anything. We'll tackle this saying, why people believe it, and what is really going on.

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Links:
1. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/witness/201301/the-best-predictor-future-behavior-is-past-behavior

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We all just endured slogging through yet another ritual of the mysterious tradition of "daylight saving time." This unloved, uniquely bitartisan practice has been excused as energy savings or just fun. You might be surprised at how recent this actually is to be so firmly established throughout all of our society's systems and even across continents. Learn about where daylight saving time comes from and how it affects us psychologically.

Recommendations
* Abraham: What We Do In The Shadows (https://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/what-we-do-in-the-shadows; TV show) * Shane: Wanderlust Creamery (https://wanderlustcreamery.com)

Holidays (3/19/2025):
* Certified Nurses Day * Client’s Day * International Read to Me Day * Kick Butts Day * Let’s Laugh Day * National Automatic Door Day * National Backyard Day * National Chocolate Caramel Day * National Poultry Day * National Stretch Mark Day * Swallows Return to San Juan Capistrano Day * Act Happy Week * American Chocolate Week * Clutter Awareness Week * Down’s Syndrome Awareness Week * Endometriosis Awareness Week * English Tourism Week * International Goof Off Week * National Green Week * Sunshine Week * World Folktales and Fables Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/daylight-saving-time-health/#:~:text=A%20brief%20history%20of%20daylight,the%20need%20for%20electric%20lighting. 2. https://www.timeanddate.com/time/dst/history.html 3. https://aa.usno.navy.mil/faq/daylight_time 4. https://www.bts.gov/explore-topics-and-geography/geography/geospatial-portal/history-time-zones-and-daylight-saving 5. https://www.colorado.edu/coloradan/2022/11/07/history-daylight-saving-time 6. https://blogs.loc.gov/teachers/2017/03/world-war-i-and-daylight-savings-time/ 7. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20160310-the-builder-who-changed-how-the-world-keeps-time 8. https://www.ncsl.org/state-legislatures-news/details/a-bugologist-and-a-golfer-sparked-the-push-for-daylight-saving-time#:~:text=George%20Hudson%20wanted%20more%20sunshine,fall%20time%20skirmishes%20ever%20since. 9. https://www.timeanddate.com/time/europe/daylight-saving-history.html 10. https://www.washingtonian.com/2022/03/15/the-us-tried-permanent-daylight-saving-time-in-the-70s-people-hated-it/ 11. https://news.gallup.com/poll/657584/half-daylight-saving-time-sunsetted.aspx 12. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167268114000821?via%3Dihub 13. https://www.cbsnews.com/boston/news/daylight-saving-time-fall-back-origin-story-farmers-energy-conservation/#:~:text=But%20the%20farmers%20didn't,Farm%20Operations%20Manager%20Jay%20Mofenson.

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Do you impulsively consume smoothies, slushies, or ice cream at a speed that gives you a cold headache? We do. We were wondering what is going on with sphenopalatine ganglioneuralgia (brain freeze). We explain why this happens and what you can do about it. Go forth and eat cold stuff to your heart's content!

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Links and References:
1. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21478-brain-freeze 2. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/244458

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We originally published this episode February 26, 2020. Today we revisit with some updated research. Listen in to brush up on your imposter syndrome knowledge with some fresh insights into what we have learned in the last five years.

Recommendations* Abraham: Meati (https://www.meati.com/) * Shane: Grave Conversations with Dave Dastmalchian (https://www.instagram.com/graveconversationsshow/?hl=en)

Holidays (3/12/2025):* Aztec New Year * Girl Scouts Day * National Alfred Hitchcock Day * National Baked Scallops Day * National Working Mom’s Day * Plant a Flower Day * Registered Dietitian Day * World Glaucoma Day * Brain Awareness Week * Endometriosis Awareness Week * National Bubble Gum Week * National Green Week * National Older Workers Employment Week * National Science & Engineering Week * National Sleep Awareness Week

Links and References: 1. https://static1.squarespace.com/static/58940a9eb3db2ba58e28231f/t/62e83bbc5f6cdd7ea8b86300/1659386812743/Stop+Telling+Women+They+Have+Imposter+Syndrome.pdf 2. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/10398562211036121 3. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40136-023-00456-3 4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK585058/ 5. https://www.mentalhealthjournal.org/articles/commentary-prevalence-predictors-and-treatment-of-imposter-syndrome-a-systematic-review.html

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A mini episode seems like th perfect venue for this mini food. This is a very elite/priviliged way to think about food as it is supposed to relate to food themes and presentation styles. We'll talk a little about its history, what it is, and why we do it.

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Links and References:
1. https://guide.michelin.com/us/en/article/features/kitchen-language-what-is-amuse-bouche#:~:text=The%20Science%20Behind%20It,nuggets%20packed%20with%20umami%20goodness.

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The paradox of tolerance is a philosphical thought experiment inspired in part by a curiosity about what gave rise to Hitler. The inquiry extrapolates what happens when allowing in ideas includes allowing in ideas that demand shutting out ideas. More directly, when you tolerate intolerance, you end up with no tolerance, but you must be intolerant to allow tolerance... paradoxically. Be prepared to hear the word "toleranace." Despite being an argument from logic, it may offer some pragmatic future directions for humanity.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Severance (season 2; https://tv.apple.com/us/show/severance/umc.cmc.1srk2goyh2q2zdxcx605w8vtx) * Shane: The Blacktongue Thief (https://us.macmillan.com/books/9781250621191/theblacktonguethief/)

Holidays (3/5/2025):
* Discover What Your Name Means Day * Equal Pay Day * International Open Data Day * National Absinthe Day * National Cheese Doodle Day * National Multiple Personality Day * National Potty Dance Day * National Poutine Day * National Scott Day * Pasty Day * Reel Film Day * British Pie Week * Chocolate Chip Cookie Week * Dental Assistant Week * Hearing Awareness Week * National Aardvark Week * National Consumer Protection Week * National Ghostwriters Week * National Invest in Veteran’s Week * Ramadan

Links:
1. https://medium.com/@parkermolloy/deconstructing-the-tolerance-paradox-why-conservatives-go-to-line-is-garbage-666a1bf04a65 2. https://markmanson.net/the-paradox-of-tolerance 3. https://nicolagriffith.com/2024/10/30/the-paradox-of-tolerance/ 4. https://www.freiheit.org/mexico/limits-tolerance-poppers-paradox 5. https://academy4sc.org/video/paradox-of-tolerance-to-tolerate-or-not-to-tolerate/ 6. https://www.thefire.org/news/so-you-think-youre-tolerant-paradox-tolerance 7. https://www.usj.edu.lb/news.php?id=9643 8. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/popper/ 9. https://iep.utm.edu/pop-sci/#:~:text=In%20contrast%20to%20such%20paradigmatically,compatible%20with%20every%20possible%20observation.

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Do thoughts cause behavior? A common question about behavior is how we understand the variables of behavior to be external if we can observe our own internal behavior. That is, how do we umderstand the relation between thoughts and behavior? We explain a concept called the "locus of control" as it relates to unerstanding how behavior is shaped.

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Link and References: 1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10698268/#:~:text=Locus%20of%20control%20describes%20the,control%20(Rotter%2C%201966).

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The current trend to discontinue and dismantle DEI motivated us to look into this suddently controversial issue. DEI will be another corpse on the pile of convenient corpses that were easy targets. But, what does Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion mean? What are the impacts it has had? What will happen when it's gone? The implications are further reaching than you might think.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Put “DEI” into everything * Shane: Captain America: Brave New World (https://www.marvel.com/movies/captain-america-brave-new-world)

Holidays (2/26/2025):
* Black Lives Matter * Carnival Day * Carpe Diem Day * For Pete’s Sake Day * Inconvenience Yourself Day * Maha Shivaratri * National Customized Wheel and Tire Day * National Letter to an Elder Day * National Personal Chef’s Day * National Pistachio Day * Pink Shirt Day * Tell a Fairy Tell Day * Thermos Bottle Day * International Energy Week * National Chip Week (UK) * National Eating Disorders Awareness Week * National Green Week * National Invasive Species Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.pewresearch.org/social-trends/2023/05/17/diversity-equity-and-inclusion-in-the-workplace/ 2. https://online.hbs.edu/blog/post/what-is-dei 3. https://builtin.com/diversity-inclusion/what-does-dei-mean-in-the-workplace 4. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/dc-plane-crash-black-hawk-crew-order-plane-investigation/ 5. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/using-dei-strengthen-infrastructure-rural-areas-michele-heyward-eit-clauc/ 6. https://dailyyonder.com/commentary-eliminating-dei-hurts-everyone-rural-people-included/2025/02/03/ 7. https://www.forbes.com/sites/juliekratz/2024/12/29/history-of-dei-why-it-matters-for-the-future/ 8. https://www.cnn.com/2025/01/22/us/dei-diversity-equity-inclusion-explained/index.html 9. https://hub.jhu.edu/2023/11/22/affirmative-action-debate/ 10. https://www.forbes.com/sites/jeffraikes/2023/01/27/the-court-is-coming-for-affirmative-action-that-would-be-a-terrible-mistake/ 11. https://edtrust.org/blog/a-brief-history-of-affirmative-action-and-the-assault-on-race-conscious-admissions/ 12. https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2025/1/31/did-trumps-firing-of-aviation-officials-increase-likelihood-of-dc-crash#:~:text=Meanwhile%2C%20The%20Associated%20Press%20reported,Baird%20contributed%20to%20this%20report. 13. Zeynep Arsel, David Crockett, Maura L Scott, Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (DEI) in the Journal of Consumer Research: A Curation and Research Agenda, Journal of Consumer Research, Volume 48, Issue 5, February 2022, Pages 920–933, https://doi.org/10.1093/jcr/ucab057 14. https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/spc3.12666 15. https://www.nber.org/papers/w31215 16. https://journals.healio.com/doi/full/10.3928/01484834-20191021-04 17. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2213219822010492 18. https://academic.oup.com/tbm/article/14/3/156/7324745 19. https://gizmodo.com/the-list-of-trumps-forbidden-words-that-will-get-your-paper-flagged-at-nsf-2000559661

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Yet another check-in with the nightmare fuel that is the news. We consider the ramifications of cutting programs that prevent disease from spreading and keep many American businesses and farms afloat. Who needs weight-loss drugs when you can just not have food be available? Should we shorten the name of these to M&P?

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Links and References: 1. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2025/02/06/trump-usaid-money-american-farms/ 2. https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-025-00385-9

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This classic episode revisits some old "research" attempting to assess the inherent morality of humans found in the gaze of babies looking at puppets. If that sounds silly, it's because it is. Updated research further debunks this claim, indicating that the original studies were either flawed or fraud. Check it out with us!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Stamp Swap (https://store.stonemaiergames.com/products/stamp-swap?srsltid=AfmBOooiSGaFABDded13WGAuRsBhIQfMioQhfLInfjolangZWXPwLlre) * Shane: SexABA Conference (https://www.sexaba.com/)

Holidays (2/19/2025)
* Best Friends Day * Coast Guard Reserves Birthday * International Tug-of-War Day * Iwo Jima Day * National Airboat Day * National Arabian Horse Day * National Chocolate Mint Day * National Lashes Day * Prevent Plagiarism Day * Vet Girls Rock Day * Alzheimer’s Disease and Dementia Staff Education Week * Bird Health Awareness Week * Love Teaching Week * Make Mine Chocolate * National Condom Week * National Pancake Week * National Sauna Week

Links and References:
1. Obiols-Suari, N., & Marco-Pallarés, J. (2021). Does It Look Good or Evil? Children's Recognition of Moral Identities in Illustrations of Characters in Stories. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 552387. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.552387 2. Hanesová D. Young Children’s Concepts of Good and Evil before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Qualitative Research Study. Religions. 2021; 12(9):714. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel12090714 3. https://bigthink.com/thinking/are-we-born-evil/ 4. Dahl, A., & Killen, M. (2018). A Developmental Perspective on the Origins of Morality in Infancy and Early Childhood. Frontiers in psychology, 9, 1736. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01736 5. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/desc.13581

https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.191795

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Do you get goosebumps and shivers when you hear certain songs? There is a name for this experience: frisson. We discuss frisson and what psychological variables influence this experience.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.bbc.com/reel/video/p0dgrs1l/frisson-why-music-can-give-you-chills-or-goosebumps 2. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/21683603.2016.1130582 3. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0305735615572358 4. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0305735610362950 5. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1747021820977174

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Not the BPA that is commonly advertised as being not in our water bottles (at least I don't think so...), bloodstain pattern analysis is an investigative tool for analyzing crime scenes. Made popular by the TV show, Dexter, BPA attempts to reverse engineer and recreate a crime scene so as to determine important clues. But in real crime scenes, the evidence is very messy, and analysis can become practically impossible. Real experts caution against certainty in using BPA. We will share our findings on the science and misunderstandings of bloodstain pattern analysis.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Fly Me To The Moon (https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/fly-me-to-the-moon/umc.cmc.7bwrikjdeik56bk49vlr7c1h6) * Shane: Mogwai - The Bad Fire ( https://open.spotify.com/album/3wub9ovkqCGHDDHkdhdh1I?si=TMS7YKK6SzOTvD0y6duP2w)

Holidays (2/12/2025):
* Darwin Day * Hug Day * International Day Against the Use of Child Soldiers * Lincoln’s Birthday * NAACP Day * National Freedom to Marry Day * National Lost Penny Day * National Plum Pudding Day * Oglethorpe Day * Paul Bunyan Day * Safety Pup Day * Sick of Food Waste Day * Celebration of Love Week * Children of Alcoholics Week * Congenital Heart Defect Awareness Week * Freelance Writers Appreciation Week * Homes for Birds Week * International Flirting Week * Love Data Week * Take a Friend Snowmobiling Week

Links and References:
1. https://innocenceproject.org/the-pseudo-science-of-dexter/#:~:text=Yet%2C%20when%20I%20watch%20Dexter,the%20legitimacy%20of%20the%20practice 2. https://propublica.org/article/understanding-junk-science-forensics-criminal-justice 3. https://nij.ojp.gov/topics/articles/study-reports-error-rates-bloodstain-pattern-analysis 4. https://features.propublica.org/blood-spatter-analysis/herbert-macdonell-forensic-evidence-judges-and-courts/ 5. https://www.criminallegalnews.org/news/2022/may/1/pseudoscientific-practice-blood-spatter-analysis-how-desire-convictions-drives-flawed-prosecutions/ 6. https://www.thomassci.com/blog/_/spooky-science-behind-the-blood-spatter?srsltid=AfmBOoquBknBgaNKy-QApCwDx_KEUSarh_1iDTE9tmp3aW37NO7LbClO 7. https://www.oxygen.com/true-crime-buzz/how-dexter-csi-and-henry-lee-convinced-juries-to-buy-blood-spatter-analysis-as 8. https://science.howstuffworks.com/bloodstain-pattern-analysis4.htm 9. https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/228091.pdf

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We plunge into the perilous yet enthralling world of stunt diving into shallow pools—a practice in which the stakes are as high as the platforms. From the daring exploits of Roy Fransen, who set records by jumping into pools merely 8 feet deep from heights of 110 feet, to Darren Taylor, who in 2014 soared from 37.9 feet into a pool just 12 inches deep, these stunt divers push the limits of human bravery and physical precision. Don't do this. It is extremely dangerous.

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Links: 1. https://entertainment.howstuffworks.com/arts/circus-arts/shallow-diving.htm 2. https://youtu.be/IEZ4Czz9Zj4?si=wchw_3Rr4yuOFi-2 3. https://www.apeacefulfarewell.com/the-paw-blog/the-incredible-high-diving-horses-of-yesteryear-horses-pets-incredible-flying-family

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Think adrenaline junkies are just chasing the thrill? Think again. From BASE jumping to bull riding, the real high might not be what you think. Join us as we dive into the science of thrill-seeking, break down the myths about adrenaline addiction, and find out what’s really fueling our need for speed and intense stimulation. With extreme sports legends, wild experiments, and a dash of history, we'll explore the motives behind these restless folks 💥🏄‍♂️🎙️

Recommendations
* Abraham: Silo (season 2; https://tv.apple.com/us/show/silo/umc.cmc.3yksgc857px0k0rqe5zd4jice?mttn3pid=Google%20AdWords&mttnagencyid=a5e&mttncc=US&mttnsiteid=143238&mttnsubad=OUS20191050_1-720042226487-c&mttnsubkw=148542490075__V96F42ea_&mttnsubplmnt=_adext_) * Shane: Red Dead Redemption II (https://www.rockstargames.com/reddeadredemption2)

Holidays (2/5/2025):
* Disaster Day * Feast of St. Agatha * Global School Play Day * International Clash Day * Move Hollywood and Broadway to Lebanon, PA Day * National Chocolate Fondue Day * National Fart Day * National Girls and Women in Sports Day * National Primrose Day * National Signing Day * National Weatherperson’s Day * World Animal Reiki Day * World Nutella Day * World Read Aloud Day * African Heritage and Health Week * Children’s Authors and Illustrators Week * Dump Your Significant Jerk Week * Feeding Tube Awareness Week * Intimate Apparel Market Week * National Apprenticeship Week * American Heart Month * Library Lovers Month * Black History Month

Links and References:
1. https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/adrenal-glands#:~:text=What%20You%20Need%20to%20Know,stress%20and%20other%20essential%20functions. 2. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/history-you-asked/why-are-people-addicted-heroin-called-junkies 3. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/body/23038-adrenaline 4. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/adrenaline-junkie#psychology 5. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12144-019-00557-7 6. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0093854813485575 7. https://digitalcommons.georgiasouthern.edu/honors-theses/371/

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Ever stop to think about how strange it is that women wear fabric over their entire faces during wedding ceremonies? We did, and so we looked into the history of this very strange and very sexist tradition. It's not NOT about warding off evil spirits, in the pagan religions of the past...

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Links and References: 1. https://www.brittenweddings.com/en-us/blogs/news/67979395-wedding-veil-history-and-tradition#:~:text=Bridal%20Veils%20seem%20to%20have,signalling%20purity%20to%20the%20husband. 2. https://www.brides.com/story/wedding-traditions-debunked-the-veil 3. https://www.nkbride.com/blog/2022/7/7/wedding-dress-the-history-of-bridal-veils 4. https://www.veilsbylily.com/frequently-asked-questions/#:~:text=Back%20to%20Top-,Why%20don't%20men%20wear%20veils%3F,is%20the%20glory%20of%20man.%22

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Bullies are all around us. What drives these proto-criminals to be the jerks that they are? It's complicated. A tragedy of errors the drives people to be the worst versions of themselves. Let us explain...

Recommendations
* Abraham: Agatha All Along (https://www.disneyplus.com/series/agatha-all-along/6Nf0RIVHbJnh?v=var1) * Shane: Haxtec dice (https://haxtec.com/)

Holidays (1/29/2025):
* Chinese New Year * Curmudgeons Day * Freethinkers Day * Kansas Day * Korean New Year * Lunar New Year * National Carnation Day * National Corn Chip Day * National Puzzle Day * Seeing Eye Guide Dog Birthday * Thomas Paine Day * Cordova Ice Worms Days * International Hot Air Balloon Week * Kiss a Shark Week * National Clean Out Your Inbox Week * National Cowboy Poetry Gathering Week

Links and References:
1. https://youtu.be/2Vl85lO6Wis?si=AftU0Y43ipEjKRVs 2. https://www.apa.org/search?query=bullying 3. https://youtu.be/Yie1dWzmgvw?si=g9GQvVDT9VkdkYcr 4. https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/emotions/male-female-bullies.htm?s1sid=fn4iwgoi6jsvai3jz4th9ooo&srch_tag=r6f4qqrlmtt2gnjzcsjl6qff67pj5trs 5. https://lifestyle.howstuffworks.com/family/parenting/tweens-teens/effects-bullying-on-teens.htm?s1sid=fn4iwgoi6jsvai3jz4th9ooo&srch_tag=r6f4qqrlmtt2gnjzcsjl6qff67pj5trs 6. https://health.howstuffworks.com/pregnancy-and-parenting/5-ways-schools-can-stop-bullying.htm?s1sid=fn4iwgoi6jsvai3jz4th9ooo&srch_tag=r6f4qqrlmtt2gnjzcsjl6qff67pj5trs 7. https://www.healthdirect.gov.au/bullying

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Some of us have a nearly irresistable fascination with watching sores, boils, pustules, and zits be drained of their viscous contents. Some of us are repulsed by that very sentence. But for those who find enjoyment in that sort of thing, what is going on there? We do a quck dive into the mind of someone who loves popping zits or watching them pop.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166432821000164?via%3Dihub 2. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-asymmetric-brain/202101/why-some-people-enjoy-watching-pimple-popping-videos 3. https://www.benzac.com/au/article/popping-pimples-habit#:~:text=Popping%20pimples%20releases%20dopamine,feel%20a%20sense%20of%20accomplishment. 4. https://www.thedermspecs.com/blog/the-art-of-pimple-popping-why-people-love-it-and-how-to-do-it-right/ 5. https://www.menshealth.com/health/a25949460/reasons-why-people-like-pimple-popping-psychology/

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Why do we love to compete? From Olympic games to trivia nights, competition is everywhere—but what drives us to strive, push, and sometimes obsess over being the best? In this episode, we explore the origins of competition, its role in evolution and society, and why it’s both thrilling and necessary. Whether it's sports, art, or even board games, we unpack how competition connects us, challenges us, and shapes the world we live in.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Bonk (by Mary Roach; https://maryroach.net/bonk.html) * Shane: The Last Equation of Isaac Severy by Nova Jacobs (https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Last-Equation-of-Isaac-Severy/Nova-Jacobs/9781501175138)

Holidays 1/22/25:
* Celebration of Life Day * Come in from the Cold Day * Dance of the Seven Veils Day * Library Shelfie Day * National Answer Your Cat’s Question Day * National Blonde Brownie Day * National Hot Sauce Day * National Polka Dot Day * Roe vs. Wade Day * Cancertalk Week * Energy Saving Week * Healthy Weight Week * Hunt for Happiness Week * International Hoof Care Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0149763423002014#:~:text=For%20example%2C%20social%20play%20in,Kramer%20and%20Burghardt%2C%201998). 2. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rspb.2023.2345#:~:text=(c)%20Playful%20elements,of%20the%20interaction%20(P5). 3. https://gizmodo.com/do-animals-have-a-sense-of-competition-1823122780#:~:text=Jennifer%20Nadeau&text=My%20expertise%20is%20with%20horses,in%20their%20own%20unique%20way.&text=If%20playback%20doesn't%20begin%20shortly%2C%20try%20restarting%20your%20device. 4. https://youtu.be/OvUlOzqQtzc?si=Yfi9DpW3Rzb2wQle 5. https://animals.sandiegozoo.org/animals/galapagos-tortoise#:~:text=If%20a%20fight%20breaks%20out,and%20the%20battle%20is%20over. 6. Franken, R. E., & Brown, D. J. (1995). Why do people like competition? The motivation for winning, putting forth effort, improving one's performance, performing well, being instrumental, and expressing forceful/aggressive behavior. Personality and Individual Differences, 19(2), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(95)00035-5 7. https://online.eou.edu/resources/article/psychology-of-competitiveness/ 8. https://www.reddit.com/r/Adulting/comments/1dn1jnx/why_are_some_people_so_competitive_about_life/?rdt=65364 9. https://nitsjournal.com/psychology/why-do-humans-naturally-love-to-compete-besting-their-peers/ 10. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/socially-relevant/201506/the-psychology-competition 11. https://vocal.media/men/the-innate-urge-why-humans-crave-competition 12. https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-do-we-compete-dave-williams/ 13. https://medium.com/@mscarey/why-humans-are-driven-to-compete-ffacc5f313c6

https://www.statista.com/forecasts/884970/other-gambling-industries-revenue-in-the-us

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Being stared at can be disconcerting the piont of sparking violent conflict. But why? Do other animals similarlty react to staring? We explore what it is about staring that can give rise to such intense reactions.

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Links and references:
1. https://www.psychologytoday.com/intl/blog/the-truth-about-exercise-addiction/201706/whats-really-going-on-when-someone-stares-at-you 2. https://www.businessinsider.com/how-we-respond-to-being-stared-at-is-an-evolutionary-trait-2017-6#:~:text=According%20to%20research%20discussed%20in%20another%20blog,or%20they%20are%20trying%20to%20intimidate%20us. 3. https://www.healthline.com/health/scopophobia#eye-contact 4. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cQD_YeI9TzY#:~:text=Few%20things%20are%20as%20creepy%20as%20turning,not%20paranoid%20it's%20'hardwired'%20into%20our%20brains 5. https://www.verywellmind.com/scoptophobia-2671835

Weick, M., McCall, C., & Blascovich, J. (2017). Power Moves Beyond Complementarity: A Staring Look Elicits Avoidance in Low Power Perceivers and Approach in High Power Perceivers. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 43(8), 1188-1201. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167217708576

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What is Stendhal Syndrome? Also known as an “Art Attack,” this is a psychosomatic experience triggered by overwhelming encounters with art. Learn how stress, travel, and cognitive overload combine to create intense physical and emotional reactions in art lovers worldwide. From its origins in Florence to its curious scientific underpinnings, we explore the beauty—and mystery—of this unique phenomenon.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Ichika Nito - Metaphor (https://youtu.be/kDJ_EOGu07E?si=xGounQiRhXke2EXF) * Shane: StoryGraph

Holidays 1/15/25:
* Alpha Kappa Alpha Day * Hat Day * Humanitarian Day * Museum Selfie Day * National Bagel Day * National Booch Day * National Fresh Squeezed Juice Day * National Pothole Day * Strawberry Ice Cream Day * Wikipedia Day * Cuckoo Dancing Week * Energy Saving Week * Home Office Safety and Security Week * International Snowmobile Safety and Awareness Week * National Mocktail Day * National Obesity Awareness Week * Sugar Awareness Week * Universal Letter Writing Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20220110-stendhal-syndrome-the-travel-syndrome-that-causes-panic 2. https://www.healthline.com/health/stendhal-syndrome#basics 3. https://collection.thedali.org/mDetail.aspx?rID=2004.1&db=objects&dir=DALIART&osearch=Painting&list=res&rname=&rimage=&page=2 4. https://www.scielo.br/j/anp/a/3yRYFFQsTRBfhjCzGPjnsNm/ 5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9470992/ 6. https://www.brandeis.edu/peacebuilding-arts/current-projects/impact/pdfs/q2-beyond-rationality.pdf 7. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9605088/ 8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032723003725#:~:text=Highlights&text=The%20prevalence%20of%20psychosomatic%20disorder,increased%20in%20the%20third%20wave. 9. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21521-psychosomatic-disorder

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Why is that every animals as a latin "sciency" name? How are these names created? This is the area of the esoterically named binomial nomenclature. These are some of the questions given to us that we attempt to answer.

New full length episodes on Wednesdays.

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Links and References: 1. https://www.nature.com/articles/s42003-020-01344-y 2. https://byjus.com/biology/binomial-nomenclature/ 3. https://www.britannica.com/question/Why-is-Latin-used-for-scientific-taxonomy

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The ivy league school club is enduringly exclusive. We trace the origins of the term "ivy league," the history of those schols, and the factors that perpetuate their olympian status in the eyes of the general public. Welcome to the big ivy leagues!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Squid Game (season 2) https://www.netflix.com/title/81040344 * Shane: Corporate Rock Sucks (https://www.jimruland.net/?page_id=2561)

Holidays(1/8/2024):
* Argyle Day * Bubble Bath Day * Earth’s Rotation Day * International Typing Day * Midwife’s Day * National English Toffee Day * National Joygerm Day * National Snuggle a Chicken Day * National Winter Skin Relief Day * Show and Tell Day at Work * Take the Stairs Day * War on Poverty Day * World Literary Day * Congenital Heart Defect Awareness Week * National Lose Weight/Feel Great Week * National Soccer Coaches of America Week * National Thank Your Customer’s Week * New Years’ Resolution Week * Someday We’ll Laugh About This Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.mastersportal.com/articles/1958/what-are-ivy-league-universities.html 2. https://www.forbes.com/top-colleges/ 3. https://www.usnews.com/education/best-colleges/ivy-league-schools 4. https://chibe.upenn.edu/news/psychology-today-how-elite-colleges-divide-us-and-what-we-can-do-about-it/ 5. https://www.nytimes.com/2024/07/25/opinion/vance-trump-republicans-elite.html 6. https://christianhistoryinstitute.org/magazine/article/139-fruits-of-the-ivy-vine#:~:text=Foundings%3A%20By%20clergy%2C%20for%20clergy,Testaments%20in%20their%20original%20languages. 7. https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2022/aug/07/trump-republicans-harvard-yale 8. https://www.scotusblog.com/2023/06/supreme-court-strikes-down-affirmative-action-programs-in-college-admissions/ 9. https://eimpartnerships.com/articles/dei-program-reductions-in-higher-ed-navigating-a-changing-landscape

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Start with: What is the purpose of education? If the answer is to produce intelligent, competent individuals, that means we care about how effective education is. If we care about how effective it is, then we should consider variables we know impact effectiveness. One of those is classroom size. The smaller the ratio of students to teachers, the better the outcomes. We'll explain better in the episode.

Support us on Patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Links and References: 1. https://nwef.org/2021/08/23/do-class-sizes-impact-student-outcomes/#:~:text=%60%60Overall%2C%20research%20shows%20that%20students%20in%20smaller,the%20National%20Council%20of%20Teachers%20of%20English. 2. https://www.furman.edu/blogs/benefits-of-a-small-class-size/#:~:text=Correlation%20between%20class%20size%20and%20student%20achievement,-Small%20classes%20facilitate&text=One%20study%20found%20that%20one,give%20immediate%20feedback%20on%20assignments. 3. https://ies.ed.gov/ncee/edlabs/regions/southeast/aar/u_03-2019.asp#:~:text=At%20primary%20and%20secondary%20levels,tables%20and%207%20figures.)%22 4. https://educationdata.org/public-education-spending-statistics 5. Dee, T. S., & West, M. R. (2011). The Non-Cognitive Returns to Class Size. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 33(1), 23-46. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373710392370

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We got to 400 episodes! Let's take a look back into the past... not really, but we'll stalk about nostalgia—what it is, how it works, and why it’s more than just longing for the good old days. From its origins as a “psychological burden” to its modern role in fostering social connections and shaping behavior, we uncover the science, emotions, and even the marketing power behind nostalgic experiences. What do Mario Kart, Grandma’s cooking, and political slogans have in common?

Recommendations
* Abraham: BlueSky (https://bsky.app/) * Shane: Heatonist (https://heatonist.com)

Holidays:
* New Years Day (Happy New Year!) * Apple Gifting Day * Bonza Bottler Day * Commitment Day * Ellis Island Day * First Foot Day * Haitian Independence Day * National Hangover Day * New Year’s Dishonor List Day * Polar Bear Plunge or Swim Day * Public Domain Day * Ring a Bell Day * World Day of Peace * Diet Resolution Week * End of Kwanzaa * National Time Consciousness Week * Silent Record Week * National Bath Safety Month * National Black Diamond Month * National Blood Donor Month * National Mentoring Month * National Oatmeal Month * National Slavery and Human Trafficking Prevention Month

Links and references:
1. https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/nostalgia.htm?s1sid=lsz8dq0gz6mg5d24830y74aa&srch_tag=rul2ujrdy7iu2nqaub2m4svysdlqvoyj 2. https://www.huffpost.com/entry/benefits-of-nostalgia_n_4031759 3. Sedikides C, Wildschut T, Arndt J, and Routledge C. (2008). "Nostalgia: Past, Present, and Future." Current Directions in Psychological Science. http://www.wildschut.me/Tim_Wildschut/home_files/Sedikides,%20Wildschut,%20Arndt,%20%26%20Routledge,%202008,%20CDir.pdf 4. https://www.bps.org.uk/psychologist/nostalgia-cowbells-meaning-life 5. https://www.the-scientist.com/death-by-nostalgia-1688-69596 6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352250X22002445#:~:text=Nostalgia%20regulates%20pain%20through%20the,also%20early%20sensory%2Drelated%20processes. 7. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352250X22002664#:~:text=Nostalgia%20(a%20sentimental%20longing%20for,most%20defining%20and%20impactful%20characteristics. 8. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/nostalgia-brain-science-memories 9. https://www.apa.org/news/podcasts/speaking-of-psychology/nostalgia 10. https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/nostalgia4.htm 11. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mar.21872 12. https://bristoluniversitypressdigital.com/edcollchap/book/9781529214789/ch005.xml 13. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2352250X22002767

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The tongue map neatly divides taste into salty, sweet, sour, and bitter zones on which we can taste only those specific flavors. Turns out, it’s wrong. In this episode, we dive into the fascinating science of taste, debunking myths, exploring how our taste buds really work, and uncovering why this debunked idea keeps coming back.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/neat-and-tidy-map-tastes-tongue-you-learned-school-all-wrong-180963407/ 2. https://www.wired.com/video/watch/taste-map

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It's Christmas! Let's finish out the year with a chill retrospective on the year we are leaving behind. We recap our year as podcast, movies and TV we watched, and books we read. Plus we review some of our stats and accomplishments. Happy holidays and see you for full length episodes in 2025!

Links:
1. https://www.princeton.edu/news/2024/03/28/daniel-kahneman-pioneering-behavioral-psychologist-nobel-laureate-and-giant-field 2. https://thehill.com/opinion/international/4824199-2024-paris-olympics-takeaways/

12/25/24
* Pumpkin Pie Day * Day of Winter Walks * Decembeard * any others…? Oh yeah, Christmas!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Start or join a secular social group * Shane: Baking

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Another continuation of our discussion about the fall-out of the recent US election. In this discussion, we consider the implications for immigration on the economy, civil liberties, and democracy in our country. Its small but mighty, if we do say so ourselves. Let's fight for our fellow humans from wherever they hail! We are stronger together than apart.

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We are now on BlueSky @wwdwwdpodcast.bsky.social

Join us Mondays for mini episodes and Wednesdays for full-length discussions

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What is the economy, really? In this episode, we discuss the intricate maneuvering of goods, services, and decisions that shape our world. We'll unravel the myths, explore how government policies influence markets, and examine why inflation and wage growth often leave us feeling conflicted. Along the way, you'll discover that economics isn’t simple math—it’s human behavior, culture, and choices all rolled into one big, fascinating puzzle. Tune in to see how your morning coffee connects to the vast web of economic activity!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Alien: Romulus (https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/alien-romulus) * Shane: The Shining (Book; https://stephenking.com/works/novel/shining.html)

Holidays for 12/18/24:
* Arabic Language Day * Bake Cookies Day * Flake Appreciation Day * International Answer the Telephone Like Buddy the Elf Day * International Migrants Day * National Ham Salad Day * National Twin Day * National Wear a Plunger on Your Head Day * Christmas Bird Count Week * Cookie Exchange Week * Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over (Winter Enforcement) * Gluten-Free Baking Week * Saturnalia

Links and References:
1. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/economy.asp 2. https://youtu.be/2YULdjmg3o0?si=B_SvNG8vMFDkddML 3. https://www.investopedia.com/economy-4689801 4. https://globalpeoservices.com/top-15-countries-by-gdp-in-2024/ 5. https://www.investopedia.com/gdp-growth-by-president-8604042 6. https://youtu.be/2YULdjmg3o0?si=8ohYgtoD73w1fQQO 7. https://ocw.mit.edu/courses/14-03-microeconomic-theory-and-public-policy-fall-2016/pages/instructor-insights/common-misconceptions-about-economics/ 8. https://www.sbsun.com/2021/10/20/the-3-indicators-of-economic-well-being-and-what-they-really-tell-us/ 9. https://www.npr.org/transcripts/1197965022

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This discussion is a brief follow up to our episode reacting to the recent, 2024 US election (likely a series of minis we will continue as things unfold). We attempt peer into the crystal ball to forecast how the next administration might employ dangerous, sweeping censorship tactics, leaving us all guessing what’s really happening at home and abroad. From transparency to misinformation, we unpack what could be a wild ride for free speech and global awareness—with just a dash of humor to keep it bearable.

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We are now on BlueSky @wwdwwdpodcast.bsky.social

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Cutting to the chase... we discuss vasectomies: what they are, why they work, and why some folks say they’re the best thing since sliced… tubes. With myth-busting, fun facts, and a dash of humor, it’s a snippy conversation you won’t want to miss :)

Recommendations
* Abraham: “Randomize” by Andy Weir (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/49661162-randomize) * Shane: Gideon’s Bakehouse (https://gideonsbakehouse.com/)

Holidays 12/11/24:
* Holiday Food Drive for Needy Animals Day * International Mountain Day * Kaleidoscope Day * Magnum P.I. Day * National App Day * National Have a Bagel Day * National Noodle Ring Day * UNICEF Birthday * Computer Science Education Week * Human Rights Week * Lager Beer Week * National Groundwater Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.urologyhealth.org/urology-a-z/v/vasectomy 2. https://www.nm.org/healthbeat/healthy-tips/Surprising-Facts-About-Vasectomies 3. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/birth-control/vasectomy 4. https://www.uchicagomedicine.org/forefront/surgery-articles/vasectomy-trends-research 5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9972380/ 6. https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nsfg/key_statistics/v.htm 7. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/4423-vasectomy 8. https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/vasectomy/about/pac-20384580 9. https://www.yalemedicine.org/conditions/vasectomy#:~:text=About%20500%2C000%20men%20a%20year,a%20partner's%20vasectomy%20surgery%2C%20Dr. 10. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4274458/

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Some people have a real problem with buts. Many of the popular airmchair psychologists love to delivery quick, simple heuristics as panacea and life-coaching advice. The idea that we shouldn't use "but" in our language is an unfortunately and non-functional tool in their arsenal. We explain why it is both conceptually and practically incorrect, and still offer that these hucksters recommendations aren't all bad, just misguided.

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https://www.spreaker.com/episode/mini-035-i-m-sorry-but--63230377
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https://api.spreaker.com/v2/episodes/63230377/download.mp3

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Links and references from this episode:
1. https://medium.com/@mcpflug/using-the-word-but-a-brief-guide-to-sincerity-clarity-ab311a2af6a6#:~:text=to%20sincerity%20&%20clarity-,Mary%20Catherine%20Pflug,afford%20one%2C%20but%20not%20both. 2. https://anchorlighttherapy.com/avoid-but-in-communication-use-and-instead/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CI%20know%20you%20are%20tired,things%20are%20moving%20too%20fast.%E2%80%9D 3. https://anchorlighttherapy.com/avoid-but-in-communication-use-and-instead/

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Welcome to the new dictatorship! In this discussion, we reflect on the recent US election and the factors that contributed to the surprising shift in the electorate. We also speculate about the future given the proposed policies of the incoming administration. Prepare for doom and gloom with as much skeptical critical thinking as we can bring to this kind of activity.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Boycott bad people and businesses * Shane: Pod Save America ( https://crooked.com/podcast-series/pod-save-america/)

Holidays (12/04/24)
* Cabernet Franc Day * Extraordinary Work Team Recognition Day * International Cheetah Day * National Cookie Day * National Dice Day * National Package Protection Day * National Sock Day * Santa’s List Day * Wear Brown Shoes Day * Women Wednesday * World Wildlife Conservation Day * Cookie Cutter Week * National Hand Washing Awareness Week * National Influenza Vaccination Week * National Older Driver Safety Awareness Week * National Car Donation Month * National Pear Month * National Tie Month * Root Vegetables and Exotic Fruits Month

Links and References:
1. https://navigatorresearch.org/2024-post-election-survey-the-reasons-for-voting-for-trump-and-harris/ 2. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/much-grocery-prices-increased-since-140029491.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAACJYI_G5bXmqGia5OeGDdwx9t1lJQQfLw_Pnj6hmbzUA2ALHnjQ5zLTuySR43KU1fVoG5TJM0nBbw2a792cvwRzh2GCd0I27apGiiuLwB0A6GJkAS0MAAW7qVHbDYuuyBHryp_mM8Wt_ECtFK8sDBC2lol__C9JI0N-QQ6d6Gmhj 3. https://www.theglobalist.com/united-states-donald-trump-germany-adolf-hitler-dictatorship-propaganda-politics/ 4. https://www.newsweek.com/donald-trump-how-change-vote-election-day-1984939

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A lot of people like to share what they believe is the definition of insanity. What the definition of insanity is NOT is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results. That is logically incoherent and also just not the definition of insanity. We'll explore where that saying comes from and what the actual definition of insanity is.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.businessinsider.com/misattributed-quotes-2013-10 2. https://www.history.com/news/here-are-6-things-albert-einstein-never-said

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How do filmmakers manipulate our emotions and perceptions with just a few cuts? This episode unpacks the Kuleshov Effect, a groundbreaking discovery that revolutionized editing and storytelling in cinema. From Brad Pitt’s infamous “What’s in the box?!” scene in Seven to Pixar’s emotional masterwork Inside Out, we explore how juxtaposing shots creates meaning, evokes emotion, and shapes narrative. We also delve into modern critiques and surprising insights, proving that even the simplest edits can wield extraordinary power—or maybe just leave us scratching our heads.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Crime Scene Kitchen (season 3; https://www.fox.com/crime-scene-kitchen/) * Shane: The Art Thief by Michael Finkel (https://www.michaelfinkel.com/books/the-art-thief/)

Holidays (11/27/24):
* Thanksgiving tomorrow! * Blackout Wednesday * National Bavarian Cream Pie Day * National Craft Jerky Day * National Electric Guitar Day * National Jukebox Day * National Pins and Needles Day * Pie in the Face Day * Spitegiving * Tie One On Day * Turtle Adoption Day * What Do you Love About America Day * Better Conversation Week * Church/State Separation Week * GERD Awareness Week * National Adoption Week * National Deal Week * National Family Week * National Farm-City Week * National Game & Puzzle Week

Links and References:
1. https://nofilmschool.com/Kuleshov-effect-definition 2. Emotion Recognition and ASD: * Baron-Cohen, S., Wheelwright, S., & Jolliffe, T. (1997). Is there a "Language of the Eyes"? Cognitive Science, 21(1), 67-93. * Harms, M. B., Minshew, N. J., & Behrmann, M. (2010). Toward a Selective Social Cognition Profile in Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 40(7), 949-958. 3. Perspective-Taking and Theory of Mind: * Happe, F., & Frith, U. (1996). The cognitive analysis of social behaviour. Cognition, 50(1-2), 115-129. * Saxe, R., & Kanwisher, N. (2003). People thinking about thinking people: The role of the temporoparietal junction in "theory of mind." NeuroImage, 19(4), 1835-1842. 4. Visual Processing in ASD: * Plaisted, K., O'Riordan, M., & Baron-Cohen, S. (1998). Enhanced discrimination of novel, but not familiar, stimuli by individuals with autism. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 39(5), 765-775. * Wang, A. T., & Lu, H. (2016). Visual Processing in Autism: A Review of the Literature. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 70, 83-93. 5. Social Learning and Media Exposure: * Moore, C., & Dunham, P. J. (1995). Joint Attention: Its Origins and Role in Development. Psychology Press. * Solomon, M., & Bruckner, C. (2012). Media and Social Learning in Autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 42(12), 2617-2626. 6. Psychology: * McHugo, G. J., et al. (2013). The Role of Context in Emotion Recognition: A Review of the Literature. Emotion, 13(2), 236-249. * Beck, J. S. (2011). Cognitive Behavior Therapy: Basics and Beyond. Guilford Press. * Baird, A. A., & Gernsbacher, M. A. (2003). The Role of Emotion in Communicative Context. Cognitive Science, 27(4), 581-600. * Sussman, A. L., et al. (2003). The Influence of Context on Emotion Recognition: A Review. Emotion, 3(4), 399-411. * Goleman, D. (1995). Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More Than IQ. Bantam Books. 7. ABA: * Carr, E. G., & Durand, V. M. (1985). Reducing Behavior Problems Through Functional Communication Training. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 18(2), 111-126. * Smith, T. (2001). Discrete Trial Training in the Treatment of Autism. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 16(2), 86-92. * Leaf, J. B., et al. (2016). Social Skills Assessment and Training for Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Behavioral Interventions, 31(4), 461-475. * Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2007). Applied Behavior Analysis. Pearson. * Odom, S. L., et al. (2010). Evidence-Based Practices in Interventions for Children and Youth with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, 25(3), 158-169. 8. Kuleshov, L. (1970). "The Principles of Film Form." In Film Theory and Criticism: Introductory Readings (p. 43-46). New York: Oxford University Press. 9. https://omny.fm/shows/stuff-to-blow-your-mind/from-the-vault-the-kuleshov-effect-part-2

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It's these silly little questions that we don't think about, but are curious to hear the answer. We can estimate how many books someone reads by figuring out how long books are, how fast people read, how many books they tend to read in a year, and how many years they are likely to live. Depending on who you are, that number yields a pretty big range. But probably less than you might have thought..? Listen in and find out!

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Links and References:
1. https://lithub.com/how-many-books-will-you-read-before-you-die/ 2. https://www.ssa.gov/OACT/population/longevity.html 3. https://scholarwithin.com/average-reading-speed#:~:text=read%2020%20pages.-,Adult%20Average%20Reading%20Speed,of%20300%20words%20per%20minute. 4. https://www.theguardian.com/books/2015/dec/10/are-books-getting-longer-survey-marlon-james-hanya-yanagihara 5. https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2016/09/01/book-reading-2016-appendix-a/ 6. https://worldpopulationreview.com/country-rankings/average-books-read-per-year-by-country

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Some arguments are so bad that if even they were right, they'd be wrong. In this discussion, we unpack a specific example of criminally poor arguments. We take a couple of paragraphs and dismantal each argument. Perhaps this will even give you some ideas for how to take apart weak arguments that you encounter.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Inside Out 2 (https://movies.disney.com/inside-out-2) * Shane: Upgrade by Blake Crouch (https://blakecrouch.com/books/upgrade/)

Holidays 11/20/24:
* African Industrialization Day * Beautiful Day * Future Teachers of America Day * Globally Organized Hug a Runner Day (G.O.H.A.R.D.) * Name your PC Day * National Absurdity Day * National Peanut Butter Fudge Day * Transgender Day of Remembrance * Universal Children’s Day * American Education Week * International Fraud Awareness Week * International Restorative Justice Week * National Geography Awareness Week * World Antimicrobial Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals/animals-a-to-z/deep-sea-anglerfish#:~:text=At%20the%20end%20of%20the,bioluminescence%20in%20the%20deep%20sea. 2. https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lophius_piscatorius/#:~:text=Anglerfish%20inhabit%20the%20ocean%20at,low%20as%20the%20continental%20shelf. 3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022098119304836 4. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/hurricanes-make-lizards-evolve-bigger-toe-pads-180974772/ 5. https://www.caltech.edu/about/news/a-beetle-gland-illustrates-how-new-organs-evolve#:~:text=An%20ideal%20organism%20to%20address,spray%20predators%20with%20toxic%20chemicals. 6. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-61045950 7. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/human-sea-nomads-may-have-evolved-to-be-the-worlds-elite-divers/

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What is the deal with revolving doors? How are they trying to control us? Who's behind the cabal of big revolving doors? Just kidding :) There are some very practical reasons for revolving doors, and it's a thing we made as a species, so it's a thing we talk about as a podcast.

Become a member at patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Links:
1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/computer-science/revolving-door#:~:text=Revolving%20doors%20consist%20of%20three,be%20manually%20or%20automatically%20operated. 2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolving_door#:~:text=In%20right%2Dhand%20traffic%20countries,rotations%20are%20mixed%20in%20Britain. 3. https://godoors.com.au/blog/purpose-of-revolving-doors/#:~:text=As%20the%20doors%20rotate%2C%20this,with%20heating%20and%20air%20conditioning.

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Public speaking is some people's number one fear. For most people, it is not preferred and can be difficult to master. There is a lot research about public speaking spanning the fear, treatment for the fear of public speaking, and how to improve your delivery of public speaking. We discuss the relative benefits of public speaking, the nature of the fear of public speaking, and some strategies to improve your public speaking. Tell us about your experience speaking in public!

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Adam Project (https://www.netflix.com/title/81309354) * Shane: The Menu (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9764362/)

Holidays (11/13/24)
* National Dream Destination Day * Roast Dinner Day * National Hug a Musician Day * World Kindness Day * National Indian Pudding Day * Sadie Hawkins Day * Symphonic Metal Day * National Recycling Week * Cairo Film International Festival * Anti-Bullying Week * Worldwide Bereaved Siblings Month * Sweet Potato Awareness Month * Spinach and Squash Month * Prematurity Awareness Month * National Raisin Bread Month * National Pepper Month * National Peanut Butter Lovers Month * Whoopi Goldberg’s bday

Links and References:
1. https://www.verywellmind.com/most-common-phobias-4136563 2. Parvis, L. F. (2001). The importance of communication and public speaking skills. Journal of Environmental Health, 63(9), 44–45. 3. https://ca.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/why-is-public-speaking-important 4. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jaba.1093 5. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/smashing-the-brainblocks/201711/why-are-we-scared-of-public-speaking 6. Mancuso, C., & Miltenberger, R. G. (2016). Using habit reversal to decrease filled pauses in public speaking. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 49(1), 188–192. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.267 7. Spieler, C., & Miltenberger, R. G. (2017). Using awareness training to decrease nervous habits during public speaking. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 50(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.362 8. Montes, C. C., Heinicke, M. R., & Geierman, D. M. (2019). Awareness training reduces college students' speech disfluencies in public speaking. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 52(3), 746–755. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.569 9. Pawlik, B., & Perrin, C. J. (2020). Reducing speech disfluencies during public speaking using brief habit reversal. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 53(2), 1080–1088. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.627

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Special guest, Dr. Lauren Brown, BCBA-D, LBA joins us in our first-ever guest-hosted mini to discuss a collaborative effort between behavior analysts and medical professionals to make it easier to receive vaccines for individuals with disabilities. These sensory-friendly vaccine kits are a part of a grant project to investigate some strategies for making shots less aversive. These may actually work for a variety of difficult medical procedures in addition to just vaccinations.

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Humans have not universally hired performers to entertain the crowd during professional sports throughout all of human history... which means that it had to start somewhere! What evolved out of this coordinated crowd engagement is a highly athletic and dangerous gymnastics competition that is thing unto itself. Did you know it was entirely male at first? We didn't. We'll talk all about the history and modern sport of cheerleading.

Recommendations:
* Abraham: Salem’s Lot (https://www.max.com/movies/salems-lot/b1aaea47-b2e8-4418-a181-91de7102d04f) * Shane: Trap (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt26753003/)

Holidays (11/06/24)
* Basketball Day * Button Day * International Day for Preventing the Exploitation of the Environment in War and Armed Conflict * International Stress Awareness Day * Marooned Without a Compass Day * National Block It Out Day * National Eating Healthy Day * National Nachos Day * Saxophone Day * Drowsy Driving Prevention Week * Give Wildlife a Brake Week * Key Club International Week * Medical-Surgical Nurses Week * National Diabetes Education Week * National Cat Week * National Pet Cancer Awareness Month * National Hospice and Palliative Care Month * World Vegan Month

Links and References: 1. https://usacheer.org/history-of-cheerleading 2. https://www.theatreinparis.com/blog/why-are-we-clapping-a-history-of-applause#:~:text=Taking%20it%20way%20back%20to,of%20clapping%20together%20in%20admiration. 3. https://www.scienceforums.net/topic/112634-do-cheers-really-improve-performance/ 4. https://www.cureus.com/articles/68367-the-impact-of-cheering-on-sports-performance-comparison-of-serie-a-statistics-before-and-during-covid-19#!/ 5. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9255666/ 6. https://usacheer.org/safety/research 7. https://www.urmc.rochester.edu/encyclopedia/content.aspx?contenttypeid=1&contentid=3009#:~:text=Cheerleading%20has%20grown%20into%20a,%2C%20tosses%2C%20and%20gymnastic%20moves. 8. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC155424/ 9. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC8785319/#:~:text=All%2Dstar%20cheerleading%20has%20an,0.8%20per%201000%20athlete%2Dexposures.&text=Although%20all%2Dstar%20cheerleading%20is,are%20other%20types%20of%20cheerleaders. 10. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0191886995000355#:~:text=We%20hypothesized%20that%20people%20who,that%20can%20result%20in%20high 11. https://online.eou.edu/resources/article/psychology-of-competitiveness/ 12. https://side-out.org/sport-health/pom-pom-for-people-why-cheerleading-is-good-for-humanity/ 13. https://neuliferehab.com/cheerleaders-catastrophic-injuries-cheerleading-dangerous-female-sport/ 14. https://blog-staging.omnicheer.com/post/did-you-know-10-facts-about-cheerleading/

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A useful, informal template for beginning to understand human behavior is consider a couple of features of the consequences for behavior: the longterm and short term consequences, positive and negative consequences, and the relatively likelihood of those consequences. This is not a comprehensive analysis, but a great starting place. We'll teach you all about it in this discussion.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.aubreydaniels.com/blog/the-long-and-short-of-consequences 2. Daniels, A. C., & Daniels, J. E. (2006). Performance management: Changing behavior that drives organizational effectiveness. Atlanta, GA: Performance Management Publications.

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What are ghosts? Why are ghosts? How are ghosts? Pretend, for fun, and they aren't, in that order. Ghosts exist in the space of low resolution and little information. We ask the hard questions about the plausibility of ghosts as well as explore Haunted Person Syndrome (HPS). Are you haunted by a ghost? Tell us all about it!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Till Death (https://www.netflix.com/title/81075469) * Shane: Mortal Kombat 1: Chaos Reigns Expansion (https://www.mortalkombat.com/en-us/khaos-reigns)

10/30/24 Holidays
* Happy Halloween! (tomorrow) * National Wicked Day * National Text your Ex Day * National Publicist Day * National Candy Corn Day * National Checklist Day * Create a Great Funeral Day * Haunted Refrigerator Night * Mine Rescue Day * Pomegranate Festival * Bat Appreciate Week * Henry Winkler bday * LGBTQ+ History Month

Links and References:
1. https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9067702/ 2. https://www.forbes.com/sites/traversmark/2022/06/18/new-psychological-research-says-paranormal-experiences-are-the-norm-not-the-exception/ 3. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20141030-the-truth-about-the-paranormal 4. https://www.apa.org/news/podcasts/speaking-of-psychology/paranormal 5. https://sc.edu/uofsc/posts/2023/10/conversation-are-ghosts-real.php 6. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/how-life-changes/202211/the-psychological-ghosts-haunt-us 7. https://kids.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/frym.2022.790073 8. https://northcarolinaghosts.com/resources/brief-history-of-ghosts/ 9. https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/4400922-americans-ghosts-aliens-devil-survey/#:~:text=Among%20those%20surveyed%2C%2056.9%20percent,say%20they%20believe%20in%20God. 10. https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/afterlife/ghost.htm 11. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-66135-001 12. https://theness.com/neurologicablog/ghosts-are-not-real/ 13. https://www.amnh.org/explore/science-topics/microbiome-health/meet-your-microbiome#:~:text=Given%20that%20fact%2C%20it%20shouldn,in%20our%20bodies%20are%20bacterial.

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Our last and least mini of the Halloween season: The fear of small things! We'll cap off our series of minis with our smallest episode. We'll talk about the diagnostic criteria and features of this as well as recommendations for treatment.

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Links and References:
1. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22427-microphobia 2. https://www.dovemed.com/diseases-conditions/microphobia

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What makes people prone to believing in cryptids and why do some cryptids seem more plausible than others? We explore the various culture, language, and characteritics of cryptid lore and why some cryptids seem plausible. Behind every good lie is a nugget of truth, and we find the nuggets here.

Recommendations
* Abraham: John Wick: Chapter 4 (https://johnwick.movie/) * Shane: Blood Incantation - Absolute Elsewhere (https://open.spotify.com/album/7hriIeLMviZKpNfcXgpsd8?si=QhmHBFBHTZ2CPAHomYmpjA)

Holidays 10/23/24
* Event Organizers Day * Medical Assistances Recognition Day * National Canning Day * National Paralegal Day * National Mole Day * National Boston Cream Pie Day * International Snow Leopard Day * National iPod Day * National Croc Day * TV Talk Show Host Day * Truffle Days in Croatia * Free Speech Week * Happy Bday Emilia Clark, Ryan Reynolds, Margaret Qualley, Johnny Carson, and Amandla Stenberg

Links and References:
1. https://blogs.iu.edu/sciu/2021/01/23/the-beginnings-of-cryptozoology/ 2. https://cryptozoologymuseum.com/what-is-cryptozoology/ 3. https://www.rsb.org.uk/biologist-features/a-cultural-phenomenon 4. https://smv.org/learn/blog/how-many-species-are-left-be-discovered/#:~:text=About%2018%2C000%20new%20species%20are,pretty%20remarkable%20new%20discoveries%20already. 1. Fun note: The error page on this link says “this page was lost…to science!” 5. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/motivate/202102/you-are-more-gullible-you-think

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The fear of long words has 36 letters, making it one of the longest words in the English language: Hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia. Also called simply sesquippedaliophobia. Who has this and how prevalent is this fear? Not very many and not very. Also, it is unofficial. Let's listen to two guys struggle to talk through this.

Pronounciation guide: hi·puh·paa·tuh·muhn·strow·suh·skwipt·a·lee·ow·fow·bee·uh

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Links and References:
1. https://www.verywellmind.com/hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia-2671752#:~:text=Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia%20is%20the%20fear%20of,common%20words%20of%20moderate%20length. 2. https://www.healthline.com/health/hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia 3. https://www.verywellhealth.com/hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia-5207091 4. https://psychcentral.com/anxiety/hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia 5. https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/what-is-hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia 6. https://dictionary.apa.org/specific-phobia

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Is it possible to die of fright? Turns out, yes, sort of. How this works is interesting in its own right, but the "why" invites a fascinating inquiry. We explain the biological science behind how this might work and the psychology of why it would work that way. Hopefully we don't scare you too much!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Rolling Realms (https://stonemaiergames.com/games/rolling-realms/) * Shane: Chat Pile - Cool World (https://open.spotify.com/album/3k7GhMNdQ0KXGkC84qVRf2?si=lpJK-jtwTT-szI3G8MfDGg)

Holidays 10/16/24:
* Department Store Day * National Missouri Day * Hagfish Day * Dictionary Day * Global Cat day * Global Dignity Day * Global Ethics Day * Love Your Body Day * National Boss Day * National Cut Up Your Credit Card Day * Dictionary Day * National Feral Cat Day * National Take Your Parents to Lunch Day * Thank Your Cleaner Day * Unity Day * World Anesthesia Day * World Food Day * World Spine Day * Earth Science Week * Mediation Week * Meditation Week * Pet Peeve Week * Tim Robbins bday and Angela Lansbury’s bday

Links and References:
1. https://www.dulyhealthandcare.com/health-topic/can-you-really-be-scared-to-death#:~:text=Broken%20heart%20syndrome%20may%20actually,cardiomyopathy%20or%20broken%20heart%20syndrome 2. https://www.britannica.com/story/can-you-really-be-scared-to-death 3. https://www.heart.org/en/news/2018/10/31/can-you-really-be-scared-to-death 4. https://health.clevelandclinic.org/its-true-we-can-be-scared-to-death 5. https://www.npr.org/2012/10/26/163712863/scared-to-death-literally 6. https://today.tamu.edu/2016/10/28/can-you-literally-be-scared-to-death/ 7. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/scared-to-death-heart-attack/ 8. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2017/09/scared-to-death/541350/ 9. https://www.calgarywildlife.org/post/scared-to-death#:~:text=Scared%20to%20death%2C%20at%20times,damage%20that%20is%20often%20fatal. 10. https://www.publicopiniononline.com/story/life/2017/12/29/ask-shelter-rabbits-can-scared-death-literally/990559001/ 11. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/210829

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Phobophobia is fear of fear. This is so esoteric, it has to be an episode that we'd cover! This is not unlike generalized anxiety disorder. Also, we manage to fit in a reference to the Green Lantern... somewhow.

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Links and References:
* https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22520-phobophobia-fear-of-fear * https://www.healthline.com/health/phobophobia

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Halloween-month 2024 continues! Sort of a misinterpretation of Navajo traditions, Skinwalkers are similar to the cocept of werewolves or other animal-transformation mythologies. We will celebrate the fantastical and spooky elements of this lesser known tradition in honor of the month of creepy stuff.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Lahaina Fire Recovery Donation (https://lahaina.givingcircles.io/) * Shane: 11/22/63 by Stephen King (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/10644930-11-22-63)

Holidays: (10/9/2024)
* Bullying Prevention Day * Curious Events Day * Emergency Nurses Day * Fire Prevention Day * International Beer and Pizza Day * International Day for Natural Disaster Reduction * International Top Spinning Day * Leif Erikson Day * Moldy Cheese Day * National Nanotechnology Day * National Pet Obesity Awareness Day * National Sneakers Day * Stem Cell Awareness Day * Submarine Hoagie Hero Grinder Day * Animal Welfare Week * Cephalopod Awareness Days * Fall Astronomy Week * Great Books Week * International Post Card Week * Mental Illness Awareness Week * Mystery Series Week

Links and References:
1. https://nativeappropriations.com/ 2. https://navajopeople.org/navajo-legends.htm 3. https://nativepartnership.org/nrf/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw3bm3BhDJARIsAKnHoVV6iYaeOeycl-crLJYePemzvjBx_-j_lnfZlbW3oYhr1LBphVGizsEaAjahEALw_wcB 4. https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4321?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjw3bm3BhDJARIsAKnHoVVDUAg-Zw7VT1bhLbnlxirxpph3y30gY3vvn5-pYB-DNzicwgRUdjsaAkw4EALw_wcB 5. https://history.denverlibrary.org/news/skinwalkers-wendigos-and-witchery-way

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For Halloween month this year we are focusing on specific phobias for our minis. This week's selection is on the fear of clowns. What is it? Why is it? We will dig into the this in a quick 15-minute format, enjoy!

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Links and References:
* https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21835-coulrophobia-fear-of-clowns * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9931735/ * https://www.clownantics.com/blogs/clownantics-blog/everything-you-need-to-know-about-clown-makeup?srsltid=AfmBOori3w-T7Wmy1Wf7TiKW0INjvZ-7Xsb4y48SX4s-FBRR4jnivjz_

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Happy Halloween month! It's October, the time we spend celebrating the spookier side of psychological topics. What we haven't done thorughly, yet, is the most foundational emotion related to Halloween: fear! This discussion reviews common fears, philosophy of fear, the physiology of fear, and treatments for excessively fearful behavior. Enjoy a textbook unpacking of this emotional behavior.

Recommendations:
* Abraham: Umbrella Academy Season 4 (https://www.netflix.com/title/80186863) * Shane: Pig Destroyer - Terrifyer (https://open.spotify.com/album/6x95DGZhx18gJuxRlbwZso?si=TP54y2bzTxWzU4-NsadjjA)

Holidays 10/02/24:
* Balloons Around the World Day * Coffee with a Cop Day * Guardian Angels Day * International Day of Non-Violence * National Custodial Workers Day * National Fried Scallops Day * Audiophile day * National Produce Misting Day * National Kale Day * National Name Your Car Day * National Pumpkin Seed Day * National Research Maniacs Food Day * Peanuts Day (Snoopy) * Random Acts of Poetry Day * Walk to School Day * World No Alcohol Day * Active Aging Week * Getting The World to Beat a Path to Your Door Week * National Chimney Safety Week * National Drive Electric Week * National Fall Foliage Week * National Vegetarian Awareness Week * Trichotillomania, Skin Picking, and Related BFRB Awareness Week * National Chili Month * World Menopause Month * National Sensory Processing Awareness Month * Breast Cancer Awareness Month * Vegetarian Month

Links and References:
https://youtu.be/0YqRgObApF0
https://www.simplypsychology.org/what-is-fear.html
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapy-types/exposure-and-response-prevention
https://www.verywellmind.com/the-psychology-of-fear-2671696
https://www.simulationmagazine.com/immersion-therapy-for-treatment-and-support-of-mental-health-conditions/
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/therapy-types/exposure-and-response-prevention

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A common refrain in acknowledging, justifying, or explaining behavior is "that's just how my brain works." For some people, this is the case. For others, it is a mischaracterization of our development and a commitment to a lack of change. This episode is a quick exploration of that way of thinking. A yam... what a yam!

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Links:
1. https://read.dukeupress.edu/poetics-today/article-abstract/31/2/331/21026/Ehyeh-Asher-Ehyeh-Exodus-3-14-God-s-Narrative?redirectedFrom=fulltext

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It is easy to dismiss some behaviors as "just" imitation. However, this is a crucial developmental skill that we rely on throughout our lifetimes. We explore the philosophy of what imitation is, how it develops, and when people struggle with it.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Sagrada: Artisans (https://floodgate.games/products/sagrada-artisans?srsltid=AfmBOooELu9aa2H_Wc60JxmxQF2GqyRECy328sy1Kkkp3qbrLZZUGZWd) * Shane: Beetlejuice Beetlejuice (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2049403/)

Holidays (09/25/24)
* Banned Websites Awareness Day * Binge Day * Comic Book Day * Math Story Telling Day * National Bakery Day * National Cooking Day * National Food Service Employees Day * National Lobster Day * National One-Hit Wonder Day * National Psychotherapy Day * National Research Administrators Day * National Tune Up Day * World Ataxia Awareness Day * World Dream Day * World Pharmacists Day * World School Milk Day * Banned Books Week * Deaf Dog Awareness Week * International Interpreters and Translators Week * Minimally Invasive Surgery Week * National Dog Week * National Farm Animals Awareness Week * Sea Otter Awareness Week * Tolkien Week * National Hispanic Heritage Week * Remember to Register to Vote Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.mayinstitute.org/news/acl/asd-and-dd-child-focused/what-is-imitation-and-why-is-it-important/#:~:text=Imitation%20is%20a%20crucial%20aspect,and%20peers%20perform%20these%20behaviors. 2. https://jacobsfoundation.org/why-imitation-in-early-childhood-is-crucial/

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Neoliberalism is a a name that might be misleading. It is not "liberal" as in left-wing politics. We will describe what neoliberalism is and offer our own ideas about its proposal.

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Links and References:
* https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/neoliberalism/ * https://www.investopedia.com/terms/n/neoliberalism.asp * https://dornsife.usc.edu/news/stories/what-is-neoliberalism/

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Why did humans to raise some people or allow them to raise themselves above even the highest "classes" of society? We trace the history of royalty, the privilege of royalty, and the features of royalty. It was a strange practice that both has and hasn't stood the test of time. Learn all about how monarchy governments work.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Furiosa: A Mad Max Saga (https://www.furiosaamadmaxsaga.com/) * Shane: The Iron Claw (https://a24films.com/films/the-iron-claw)

Holidays (09/18/24)
* First Love Day * Chiropractic Founders Day * Hug a Greeting Card Writer Day * International Read an eBook Day * National Ceiling Fan Day * National Cheeseburger Day * National HIV/AIDS and Aging Awareness Day * National Rehabilitation Day * National Respect Day * National School Backpack Awareness Day * Rice Krispies Treats Day * World Bamboo Day * World Water Monitoring Day * Adopt a Less Adoptable Pet Week * Astronomy Week * Balance Awareness Week * Build a Better Image Week * Constitution Week * International Clean Hands Week * Malnutrition Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.worldhistory.org/Egyptian_Government/ 2. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/kingdom/ 3. https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-figures/royalty.htm#pt1 4. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/imperial-chinas-dynasties/6th-grade/ 5. https://www.britannica.com/topic/monarchy/Premodern-monarchies 6. https://youtu.be/TZNQDxBCC20?si=xY5f1qyMMd1MdOAJ 7. https://youtu.be/YYPAFqQgbqE?si=uMq86ywGih6B6NPt 8. https://www.britannica.com/place/Caliphate 9. https://www.history.com/news/7-influential-african-empires 10. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/magazine/article/tut-dna-dobbs#:~:text=And%20while%20royal%20families%20in,frequently%20married%20among%20close%20relatives. 11. https://journals.openedition.org/transatlantica/525#:~:text=Thus%20what%20is%20dubbed%20%E2%80%9CHawaiian,were%20considered%20with%20much%20respect.

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This is less of a "why" or the inner workings of the industry and more of a definition unpacking. This is largely in response to the "I can't define it, but I know it when I see it" type answer that is often given. Sometimes, we have to define things more functionally than formally, as we will attempt to do here. Although there is some description of the content of porn, it is more procedural than graphic. But just in case, WARNING: Some of the language in this episode may not be suitable for sensitive audiences.

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Links and References
1. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/pornography 2. https://www.wsj.com/articles/BL-LB-4558 3. https://history.wustl.edu/i-know-it-when-i-see-it-history-obscenity-pornography-united-states

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We revisit this classic episode in a discussion about how lack of experience leads to a false-sense of competence, or maybe there is something else going on? The Dunning-Kruger effect famously relates data that demonstrates a lack of skill associated with a high rate of confidence and a lack of confidence associated with a high level of skill. Some people question how robust this effect may be. We will share what we find and weigh in ourselves.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Despicable Me 4 (https://www.despicable.me/) * Shane: The Conscious Plant Kitchen (https://www.theconsciousplantkitchen.com/)

Holidays (09/11/24):
* 9/11 Remembrance Day * Emergency Number Day * I Want to Start My Own Business Day * Libraries Remember Day * Make Your Bed Day * National Day of Service and Remembrance Day * National Emergency Responder Day * National Hot Cross Bun Day * National No News is Good News Day * Odd Day (last one was 9/11/13) * Patriot Day * Remember Freedom Day * Women’s Baseball Day * Direct Support Professional Week * International Air Ambulance * International Housekeepers Week * Line Dance Week * National Assisted Living Week * National Biscuit and Gravy Week * National Environmental Services Week * National Suicide Prevention Week

Links:
1. Simons D. J. (2013). Unskilled and optimistic: overconfident predictions despite calibrated knowledge of relative skill. Psychonomic bulletin & review, 20(3), 601–607. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13423-013-0379-2 2. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-dunning-kruger-effect-isnt-what-you-think-it-is/ 3. https://youtu.be/kcfRe15I47I?si=LjHyXs6zIZykp2qs

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Another exploration of the weird things we say. The word "duh" is an interesting one with more recent roots than you might think. Enjoy our quick dive into more word discussions in which we talk about words, duh.

Support us on Patreon!: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Links and References:
1. https://wgntv.com/morning-news/66-the-origin-of-duh/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20Oxford%20English,or%20feigned%20ignorance%20or%20stupidity.%E2%80%9D 2. https://youtu.be/wlGtSS9UZOc?si=VkUJb4WtPO8gJXb2

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Critical thinking is the vaccine against misinformation. If you learn nothing else, learn to question your own beliefs. We discuss the importance of criical thinking and some exercises to build your critical thinking muscle. Don't be hoodwinked by logical fallacies and rhetorical tricks.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Mission Impossible: Dead Reckoning pt 1 (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9603212/reviews) * Shane: Transformers: Rise of the Beasts (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt5090568/)

Holidays:
* Eat an Extra Dessert Day * Global Talent Acquisition Day * National Macadamia Nut Day * National Wildlife Day * Newspaper Carrier Day * World Sexual Health Day * Indigenous Literacy Day * National Cogeneration Day * International Enthusiasm Week * Zero Waste Week * National Childhood Injury Prevention Week * National Nutrition Week * National Payroll Week * National Waffle Week * Self-University Week * Sobriety Checkpoint Week * Hispanic Heritage Month * Sourdough September * Alopecia Areata Awareness Month * National Spinal Cord Injury Awareness Month * National Sickle Cell Awareness Month * National Suicide Prevention Month * Beyonce’s bday

Links and References:
1. https://www.edutopia.org/article/teaching-critical-thinking-middle-high-school/ 2. https://www.teachhub.com/teaching-strategies/2014/09/teaching-strategies-to-promote-critical-thinking/ 3. https://www.edweek.org/teaching-learning/opinion-eight-instructional-strategies-for-promoting-critical-thinking/2021/03 4. https://www.monash.edu/student-academic-success/enhance-your-thinking/critical-thinking/what-is-critical-thinking 5. https://asana.com/resources/critical-thinking-skills 6. https://youtu.be/vNDYUlxNIAA?si=o_RW2cxx1QWDxeZL 7. https://youtu.be/dItUGF8GdTw?si=LxQ3M9l1fPYQ87Ew 8. https://youtu.be/NHjgKe7JMNE?si=iYrr_0L5mvGg_Kd5 9. https://www.theskepticsguide.org/our-book 10. Novella, S., Novella, B., Maria, C. S., Novella, J., & Bernstein, E. (2018). The Skeptics Guide to the Universe: How to know what’s really real in a world increasingly full of fake. New York, NY: Grand Central Publishing.

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One defense that lawyers have successfuly used is the supposition that people can become temporarily unable to tell the difference between right and wrong. What does it mean to be temporarily insane? We discuss the implications of the use and idea behind temporary insanity and even briefly touch on the legal system in general.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.tba.org/index.cfm?pg=LawBlog&blAction=showEntry&blogEntry=28336 2. https://criminal.laws.com/murder/homicide/non-criminal-homicide/insanity-claims/famous-cases#:~:text=High%20profile%20criminal%20court%20cases,of%20the%20%22Twinkie%20Defense.%22 3. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/decoding-madness/202106/brief-history-the-insanity-defensehttps://www.law.cornell.edu/wex/temporary_insanity#:~:text=In%20a%20criminal%20trial%2C%20temporary,wrongfulness%20of%20the%20defendant's%20acts. 4. https://www.lawinfo.com/resources/criminal-defense/not-guilty-by-reason-of-insanity.html

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This discussion expands on the first episode, which covered the history of the electoral college, by explaining the arguments for and against this system. Further, we briefly touch on some alternative strategies that have been proposed. This system, as it exists, is you uniquely American and most people don't want it. We'll give our final thoughts at the closing of this discussion.

Recommendations Part 2
* Abraham: Godzilla Minus One (https://www.netflix.com/title/81767635) * Shane: Naked by David Sedaris (https://www.davidsedarisbooks.com/titles/david-sedaris/naked/9780316073622/)

Holidays:
* Spumoni Day * Finance Brokers Day * Brazilian Blowout Day * International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism * Internet Self Care Day * National Medical Dosimetrist Day * Poet’s Day * Senior Citizen’s Day * World Goat Day * Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over (Week) * Minority Enterprise Development Week * National Aviation Week * Little League World Series * Hayden Panettiere’s bday

Links and References:
1. https://www.brookings.edu/articles/its-time-to-abolish-the-electoral-college/ 2. https://saveourstates.com/blog/yes-other-countries-have-electoral-colleges-too 3. https://people.howstuffworks.com/10-countries-besides-us-have-electoral-colleges.htm 4. https://www.usa.gov/electoral-college 5. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2016/11/22/among-democracies-u-s-stands-out-in-how-it-chooses-its-head-of-state/ 6. https://www.archives.gov/electoral-college/history#:~:text=The%20Founding%20Fathers%20established%20the,popular%20vote%20of%20qualified%20citizens. 7. https://www.heritage.org/the-essential-electoral-college/the-current-threat#:~:text=If%20the%20Electoral%20College%20was%20eliminated%2C%20the%20power%20to%20elect,voice%20of%20smaller%20populated%20states. 8. https://stanfordmag.org/contents/should-we-abolish-the-electoral-college 9. https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2019/05/23/killing-electoral-college-means-rural-americans-would-be-serfs-column/3770424002/ 10. https://www.americanbar.org/news/abanews/publications/youraba/2019/october-2019/q--the-electoral-college--is-it-open-for-interpretation-by-the-c/ 11. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/09/25/majority-of-americans-continue-to-favor-moving-away-from-electoral-college/ 12. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fi7uownWRmQ 13. https://youtu.be/ajavsMbCapY?si=vXojc85LpkmDbCrb 14. https://www.history.com/news/presidents-electoral-college-popular-vote 15. https://www.history.com/news/electors-chosen-electoral-college

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Did you ever notice those stickers on commercial vehicles that ask "How is my driving?" with a corresponding phone number? We were curious, what is the purpose of this sticker? Is it for the driver? For other drivers on the road? For praise? For cricitism? We do a quick investigation into this sticker, where it came from and how it works.

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Links and References:
1. https://www.safetyalert.com/about.html 2. https://blog.drivedifferent.com/blog/why-your-company-needs-a-hows-my-driving-decal-program 3. https://www.azuga.com/blog/how-is-my-driving-sticker 4. https://www.automotive-fleet.com/145469/do-hows-my-driving-programs-really-work 5. https://www.ttnews.com/articles/does-it-do-any-good-call-hows-my-driving-phone-number

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The electoral college is a strange system in the United States by which the president is "chosen" by a slate of people who represent the will of the voters, except when it doesn't. In this first episode, we explore the history of the electoral college and some of the unique instances in which a president achieved office without the majority of votes from the people because this system allows it. Next time, we will unpack the arguments for and against the electoral college.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Kingdom of the Planet of the Apes (https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/kingdom-of-the-planet-of-the-apes) * Shane: Press Club - Late Teens LP ( https://open.spotify.com/album/0qTuN1DHKnuCKMIkSxZR9a?si=c3G1KIU5SHO2o_pD9POy6A)

Holidays for 08/21/2024:
* Spumoni Day * Finance Brokers Day * Brazilian Blowout Day * International Day of Remembrance and Tribute to the Victims of Terrorism * Internet Self Care Day * National Medical Dosimetrist Day * Poet’s Day * Senior Citizen’s Day * World Goat Day * Drive Sober or Get Pulled Over (Week) * Minority Enterprise Development Week * National Aviation Week * Little League World Series * Hayden Panettiere’s bday

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In the small field of Behavior Analysis, there is a smaller subset of practitioners who champion the use of a particular data graphing display called the "Standard Celeration Chart." We explain what is going on with this weird blue chart.

Support us at Patreon: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Learn more about the Standard Celeration Chart: www.celeration.org

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This discussion concludes by exploring how empathy develops. This can result in people with extremely high empathy and extremely low empathy. Where do you fall on the spectrum of empathy? Consider that wherever you, you can be somehwere else on this spectrum.

Recommendations:
* Abraham: Deadpool & Wolverine (https://www.marvel.com/movies/deadpool-and-wolverine) * Shane: Try a nutritionist

Links and References:
1. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/empathy 2. Luciano, et al. (2020). Perspective taking, empathy, and compassion. In Applied Behavior Analysis of Language and Cognition(Fryling et al, Eds). Oakland, CA: Context Press 3. Wilson, D. S., & Hayes, S. C. (2018). Evolution and contextual behavior science. Oakland, CA: Context Press. 4. Barnes-Holmes et al. (2001). Psychological development. In Relational Frame Theory: A Post-Skinnerian Account of Human Language and Cognition. New York, NY: Klewur Acadmic/Plenum Press 5. Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York, NY: Random House. 6. https://www.humintell.com/2019/05/the-cultural-significance-of-smiling/ 7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6169872/ 8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10427576/#:~:text=Several%20studies%20showed%20that%20adults,develop%20alexithymia%20and%20low%20empathy. 9. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1541204020939647 10. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-88174-004 11. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13554794.2013.826695 12. https://uktherapyguide.com/empathy-disorder-what-is-it-symptoms-and-how-to-overcome-it 13. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/apr/29/confessions-of-a-hyper-empath 14. https://www.verywellmind.com/hyper-empathy-in-autism-8426957 15. https://www.theedgetreatment.com/hyper-empathy-disorder-what-happens-when-you-feel-too-much/ 16. https://www.psychalive.org/empaths/ 17. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/living-finesse/202202/the-challenges-being-empath

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These are the things we cut our teeth on... Did you know what a "trick cyclist" was? We didn't. Some sayings stick around in the lexicon, some seem to fade into obscurity. We have a lot of fun exploring the history of weird things English speakers have said that we likely wouldn't recognize today.

Support us on Patreon: www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Links and references:
1. https://promova.com/blog/vocabulary-from-the-early-2000s 2. https://www.oxford-royale.com/articles/25-english-expressions-might-encounter/

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Empathy is a common term that has an elusive definition and nebulous parameters. In this first episode, we set out to walk through definitions of empathy and try to narrow it down to its most critical features. Further, we describe the scientific attempts to objectively measure empathetic observation. Next week, we will explain the development of empathy and when people become extremely empathetic or deficient in empathy.

Recommendations part 1
* Abraham: The Bear (season 3; https://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/the-bear) * Shane: Gojira performing at the Olympics (https://loudwire.com/gojira-first-metal-band-play-olympics-opening-ceremony-watch/)

Holidays (08/07/2024:
* Aged Care Employee Day (Australia) * Mom’s Equal Pay Day * National Beach Party Day * National Lighthouse Day * National Psychiatric Technician Appreciation Day * National Raspberries and Cream Day * National Opportunity Day * National Sea Serpent Day * Particularly Preposterous Packaging Day * Professional Speakers Day * Purple Heart Day * Exercise with your Child Week * International Assistance Dog Week * International Clown Week * International Mathematicians Week * National Bargain Hunting Week * National Minority Donor Awareness Week * Simply Your Life week * Weird Contest Week * World Breastfeeding Week * Marine Week * Child Vision Awareness Month * National Breastfeeding Month * Beautiful in your Skin Month * Cheerleading Safety Month

Links and References:
Links:
1. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/empathy 2. Luciano, et al. (2020). Perspective taking, empathy, and compassion. In Applied Behavior Analysis of Language and Cognition(Fryling et al, Eds). Oakland, CA: Context Press 3. Wilson, D. S., & Hayes, S. C. (2018). Evolution and contextual behavior science. Oakland, CA: Context Press. 4. Barnes-Holmes et al. (2001). Psychological development. In Relational Frame Theory: A Post-Skinnerian Account of Human Language and Cognition. New York, NY: Klewur Acadmic/Plenum Press 5. Skinner, B. F. (1974). About behaviorism. New York, NY: Random House. 6. https://www.humintell.com/2019/05/the-cultural-significance-of-smiling/ 7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6169872/ 8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10427576/#:~:text=Several%20studies%20showed%20that%20adults,develop%20alexithymia%20and%20low%20empathy. 9. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1541204020939647 10. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2020-88174-004 11. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13554794.2013.826695 12. https://uktherapyguide.com/empathy-disorder-what-is-it-symptoms-and-how-to-overcome-it 13. https://www.theguardian.com/lifeandstyle/2022/apr/29/confessions-of-a-hyper-empath 14. https://www.verywellmind.com/hyper-empathy-in-autism-8426957 15. https://www.theedgetreatment.com/hyper-empathy-disorder-what-happens-when-you-feel-too-much/ 16. https://www.psychalive.org/empaths/ 17. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/living-finesse/202202/the-challenges-being-empath

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Today, wiping our anuses after defectating seems so natural as to be just a part of being human. But, most animals do not wipe their anuses. And, toilet paper is a relatively recent invention. How did toilet paper become the ubiquitous necessity that it is now? We explore a brief history of toilet paper in this mini.

Links and References:
1. https://youtu.be/5vZ4-UHszs4?si=jZi61Go5u0nQmEYh 2. https://youtu.be/IVTRpTHPs3o?si=cvQs7cSm7TV3sZtj 3. https://youtu.be/50_O6YWJPMk?si=KyNJ07QxrX6SI73D 4. https://www.history.com/news/toilet-paper-hygiene-ancient-rome-china 5. https://www.livescience.com/42921-why-humans-need-toilet-paper.html

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The second part of this discussion explores that actual attempts at implementing some version of UBI in various parts of the world. It sounds good, but would it even work? If so, how? There are many reasons to be skeptical that anything like this will ever work at scale, but let's see what we can learn about how it has performed and what, if anything, that tells us about what we can do in the future.

Recommendations:
Abraham: Abbot Elementary (https://abc.com/show/e4f28254-2fc4-4cc1-b9bb-eee0564c178e)
Shane: DIY: The Wonderfully Weird History and Science of Masturbation by Dr. Eric Sprankle (https://www.drsprankle.com/)

Holidays (07/31/24):
* Cotton Candy Day * Jump for Jelly Beans Day * Shredded Wheat Day * National Avocado Day * National Raspberry Cake Day * National Mutt Day * National Jump for Jelly Beans Day * Black Tot Day * World Ranger Day * Uncommon Instrument Awareness Day * National Marine Week * Beans Month * Anti-Boredom Month

Links and References:
1. https://youtu.be/m25YLByFVRw?si=n684PjQnuWhFLRd3 2. https://youtu.be/Sgcvtjoi8Bs?si=-XQ5oXxR5qx9D7As 3. https://youtu.be/UqESogRgrYw?si=IY5EwFEYgioO8aGK 4. https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2019/11/25/20973151/givedirectly-basic-income-kenya-study-stimulus 5. Hoynes, H., & Rothstein, J. (2019). Universal basic income in the United States and advanced countries. Annual Review of Economics, 11(1), 929–958. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-economics-080218-030237 6. https://www.procon.org/headlines/universal-basic-income-top-3-pros-and-cons/ 7. https://college.unc.edu/2021/03/universal-basic-income/ 8. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/basic-income.asp 9. https://www.denverbasicincomeproject.org/research#:~:text=The%20Denver%20Basic%20Income%20Project,guaranteed%20income%20for%20unhoused%20people. 10. https://www.businessinsider.com/denver-basic-income-reduces-homelessness-food-insecurity-housing-ubi-gbi-2024-6#:~:text=Denver%20gave%20people%20experiencing%20homelessness,participants%20said%20they%20had%20housing.&text=The%20Denver%20Basic%20Income%20Project%20gave%20cash%20to%20more%20than,payment%20structures%20might%20benefit%20them. 11. https://thereader.mitpress.mit.edu/the-deep-and-enduring-history-of-universal-basic-income/#:~:text=Joseph%20Charlier%2C%20a%20Belgian%20utopian,persistent%20poverty%20despite%20economic%20progress. 12. https://www.washingtonpost.com/magazine/2022/10/24/universal-basic-income/ 13. https://www.cato.org/commentary/universal-basic-income-might-fix-our-broken-welfare-system-give-it-serious-scholarly 14. https://www.bridgemi.com/michigan-health-watch/michigans-55m-experiment-guaranteed-income-begins-flint-moms

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How much money is your life worth? In the transactional scheme of our modern world, some people have taken on the somewhat macabre task of assigning a dollar amount to human lives. So, how is this calculated? We'll tell you all about it here.

Support us at www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Links:
1. https://www.kotaklife.com/insurance-guide/about-life-insurance/how-to-calculate-human-life-valuehlv

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Universal Basic Income is a policy proposal to provide everyone in a closed system with a no-strings-attached cash infusion on a regular schedule such as every month. Some people love it, some people hate it, most people have never heard of it. In part one, we mostly review the history and arguments for and against this idea. Would you like $1,000 just because?

Recommendations
* Abraham: Toshiba: https://www.toshiba-lifestyle.com/us/air-conditioners/portable-air-conditioners/14000-btu-ashrae-1200-btu-saccsmart-inverter-portable-air-conditioner1 * Shane: The Flow Trip (https://shop.flow.life/products/subscribe-to-the-flow-trip)

Holidays (7/24/2024)
* Amelia Earhart Day * Cousins Day (George RR Martin’s day) * International Self-Care Day * National Drive-Thru Day * National Tequila Day * National Thermal Engineers Day * National “Talk to Us” day * Pioneer Day (State Holiday in Utah) * Tell an Old Joke Day * National Independent Retailers Week * National Moth Week * National Scrabble Week * National Zoo Keeper Week * Restless Leg Syndrome Education & Awareness Week

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Another quick review of a a logical fallacy. This time, we dive into the Middle of the Road logical fallacy, which many people inadvertently fall prey to. Of course, all you smart people already know this. But hopefully, this refresher will heighten everyone's sensitivity to it for a little while.

Support us at www.patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Links:
1. https://youtu.be/VDGp04CfM4M 2. https://yourlogicalfallacyis.com/middle-ground

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Many of us will blame our most instinctual behaviors, impulses, and drives on the vestigial, reptilian parts of our brains. My lizard brain made me do it! What is the science and evolution behind this impulsive little humunculous?

Recommendations
* Abraham: Daich Coatings (https://daichcoatings.com/shop/luxrock-solid-surface-countertop/) * Shane: Dope (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3850214/)

Holidays:
* Disneyland’s Anniversary * National Hot Dog Day * National Peach Ice Cream Day * National Tattoo Day * Take your Poet to Work Day * World Day for International Criminal Justice * World Emoji Day * Wrong Way Corrigan Day * Yellow Pig Day * Coral Reef Awareness Week * Every Body Deserves a Massage Week * Hemingway Look Alike Days * National Baby Food Week * National Ventriloquism Week * Perseid Meteor Showers * Sport Cliche Week * National Hemp Month * Bank Account Bonus Month * Cell Phone Courtesy Month

Links and References:
1. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/managing-your-memory/201712/don-t-listen-your-lizard-brain 2. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/where-addiction-meets-your-brain/201404/your-lizard-brain 3. https://qbi.uq.edu.au/brain/brain-anatomy/limbic-system 4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4406946/ 5. https://www.earth.com/news/differences-in-the-mammalian-and-reptilian-brain-revealed/ 6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/triune-brain 7. https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/brain-the-inside-story/your-emotional-brain/beyond-our-lizard-brain 8. https://www.biotechniques.com/neuroscience/10x_sptl_so_no-we-dont-have-a-lizard-brain/ 9. https://sitn.hms.harvard.edu/flash/2020/study-finds-classically-mammalian-brain-region-reptilian-brains/ 10. https://brain.mpg.de/88758/research-labs 11. https://www.sciencealert.com/you-dont-actually-have-a-lizard-brain-evolutionary-study-reveals 12. https://bigthink.com/neuropsych/carl-sagan-reptile-brain/

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Employers should consider what they are incentivizing and de-incentivizing when they put certain policies in place. One such common policy is to make employees to use their PTO when taking sick days. This can seriously backfire. Psychology to the rescue!

Links:
1. https://www.trinet.com/insights/if-an-employee-gets-sick-after-using-all-of-their-paid-time-off-pto-for-the-year-am-i-obligated-to-grant-them-additional-paid-time-for-sick-leave

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People often invoke our impulses by referencing the lizard part of our brains. What is this vistigial reptillian cortex that weilds so much power over our most base instincts? We'll unpack what this term is supposed to mean. Further, we explore the evolutionary, psychological, and scientific history of this idea and the "evidence" for it. Join us for a romping good take down.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Orbital Sanders * Shane: Fables comics series (https://www.goodreads.com/series/54296-fables)

Holidays:
* Don’t Step on a Bee Day * International Nikola Tesla Day * National Kitten Day * National Pina Colada Day * Pick Blueberries Day * Teddy Bears’ Picnic Day * U.S. Energy Independence Day * Air Conditioning Appreciation Days * Be Nice to New Jersey Week * Creative Maladjustment Day * Dog Days of Summer * Freedom Week * National Aborigines and Islanders Day Observance Committee Week * National Farriers Week * Nude Recreation Weekend * Operation Safe Driver Week

Links:
1. Schumann & Ross (2010). The benfits, cost, and paradox of revenge. Social and Psychology Personality Compass. https://www.pittcorelab.com/uploads/1/1/5/5/115561629/paradox_of_revenge_10.pdf 2. Uniacke, S. (2000). Why is revenge wrong? Journal of Value Inquiry, 34. 61-69). https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/jrnlvi34÷=7&id=&page= 3. Jackson, J.C., et al. (2019). Revenge: A multi-level view and synthesis. Annual Review of Psychology, 70.https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103305. https://www.annualreviews.org/content/journals/10.1146/annurev-psych-010418-103305 4. Stillwell, A. M., et al. (2010). We’re all victims here: Toward a psychology of revenge. Basic and Applied Social Psychology, 30(3). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/01973530802375094 5. https://www.psychologicalscience.org/observer/the-complicated-psychology-of-revenge 6. https://tnsr.org/2017/11/blunt-not-heart-enrage-psychology-revenge-deterrence/ 7. Price, M. (2009, June 1). Revenge and the people who seek it. Monitor on Psychology, 40(6). https://www.apa.org/monitor/2009/06/revenge 8. https://www.psychologs.com/the-psychology-behind-revenge/ 9. https://www.scienceofpeople.com/the-psychology-of-revenge/

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We can broadly categorize our levels of confidence or purpose of scientific data based on the amount of and quality of the information we have about the phenomenon of interest. People hear these terms but don't fully understand what we mean when we call something a "theory," "law," or "hypothesis." We explain them here today.

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Links:
1. https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Introductory_Chemistry/Introductory_Chemistry/01%3A_The_Chemical_World/1.06%3A_Hypothesis_Theories_and_Laws#:~:text=A%20hypothesis%20is%20a%20tentative,summarizes%20the%20relationship%20between%20variables. 2. https://www.npr.org/sections/goatsandsoda/2023/10/31/1209683893/how-the-u-s-gun-violence-death-rate-compares-with-the-rest-of-the-world 3. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/04/26/what-the-data-says-about-gun-deaths-in-the-u-s/

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Due to some unforeseen circumstances, we needed to release another nostalgia episode this week. This was our second most popular episode ever. Dr. Steven Hayes ("Get Out of Your Mind and Into Your Life") joins us to discuss the concept of "grit" as well as share several personal anecdotes. Enjoy this rerun of a popular classic.

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Mood rings change color to inform the external world about our emotional states. How does this magical jewelry make our most private, inner experiences overtly observable? Most people know this is temperature-based reaction... and it is. But, we'll explain how and what it means, if anything.

Links:
1. https://thebannercsi.com/2020/03/22/the-science-and-history-behind-mood-rings/ 2. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/was-the-mood-ring-a-gateway-drug-to-an-era-of-self-obsession 3. https://wholesalejewelrywebsite.com/products/mood-ring-color-chart-cfr7043 4. https://people.howstuffworks.com/mood-rings.htm

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Do pandas have thumbs? Kind of. We should periodically take the time to acknowledge and admire the significan role our biological morphology affects our psychology as a species. Aside from language, humans have a simple adaptation that wsa likely crucial to how we have evolved as a species. This is our episode all about thumbs!

Recommendations
* Abraham: No Hard Feelings (https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/nohardfeelings) * Shane: The Cipher by Kathe Koja (https://www.centipedepress.com/horror/cipher.html)

Links:
1. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/how-dexterous-thumbs-may-have-helped-shape-evolution-two-million-years-ago-180976870/ 2. https://www.npr.org/2010/07/26/128676181/a-handy-bunch-tools-thumbs-helped-us-thrive 3. https://www.postregister.com/outdoors/humans-opposable-thumbs-grant-us-huge-advantages/article_87f0ce8c-c739-11ed-a365-4fadeb3996f9.html 4. https://www.wral.com/story/thumbs-gave-human-ancestors-a-formidable-advantage/19497111/ 5. https://www.amnh.org/exhibitions/permanent/human-origins/understanding-our-past/living-primates/the-grasping-hand 6. https://www.ruf.rice.edu/~kemmer/Evol/opposablethumb.html 7. https://magazine.scienceconnected.org/2015/01/oldest-primates-lived-trees/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CEarly%20primates%20were%20using%20this,ground%20couldn't%20reach.%E2%80%9D&text=The%20ability%20to%20live%20in,access%20to%20valuable%20food%20sources. 8. Almécija, S., Smaers, J. & Jungers, W. The evolution of human and ape hand proportions. Nat Commun 6, 7717 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms8717 9. Flatt A. E. (2002). Our thumbs. Proceedings(Baylor University. Medical Center), 15(4), 380–387. https://doi.org/10.1080/08998280.2002.11927870 10. https://www.cnn.com/2021/01/28/world/opposable-thumb-human-evolution-study-scn/index.html 11. https://www.thestar.com/life/2012/05/07/body_parts_pinky_finger.html 12. MacDermid, J. C., Lee, A., Richards, R. S., & Roth, J. H. (2004). Individual finger strength: are the ulnar digits "powerful"?. Journal of hand therapy : official journal of the American Society of Hand Therapists, 17(3), 364–367. https://doi.org/10.1197/j.jht.2004.04.006 13. https://www.lexisnexis.com/documents/pdf/20090727114916_large.pdf

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Many people have taken a strong stance for a particular approach to reasoning: either inductive or deductive. However, we are going to try to argue that these approaches are not fundamentally different and any attempt to distinguish them is arbitrary. Did we succeed? You decide :)

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What does it take to put on a conference? We invite speical guests Jackie and Tyanna to talk about how and why they are a part of the team that organizes the Black Applied Behavior Analysts Conference (BABA). Special sale today for listeners who are interested in attending online or in-person. Learn more at https://babainfo.org/ or https://babainfo.org/conference/

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Our least scripted, most free-form discussion ever! Abraham doesn't even tell Shane the topic until after hitting record. This is the most raw, actual conversation ever recorded as an episode for this show. We discuss whether and to what extent and understanding the underlying philosophy of something is important for being a professional or expert in that thing. What do you think?

Email us your thoughts at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com
Listen to our episodes on YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@whywedowhatwedo6571
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Do you know all seven of the wonders? Do you know how they were chosen? As a species, we seem to be fascinated with lists and ranking things. So, let's talk about this particular list (or lists) and learn something new. If I live to see the seven wonders... As Fleetwood Mac would say.

Recommendations
* Abraham: 7 Wonders: Architects (https://www.rprod.com/en/games/7-wonders;https://www.rprod.com/en/games/7-wonders-architects) * Shane: John Mulaney Presents: Everybody’s In LA (https://www.netflix.com/title/81742123)

Holidays for June 12th 2024
* Crowded Nest Awareness Day * Ghost in the Machine Day * International Cachaca Day * International Falafel Day * Little League Girls Baseball Day * Loving Day * National Automotive Service Professionals Day * National Peanut Butter Cookie Day * Red Rose Day * Superman Day * World Day Against Child Labor * Community Health Improvement Week * National Clay Week * National Email Week * National Little League Baseball Week * National Pet Wedding Week * Shampoo Week * ALS Awareness Month * National Candy Month * International Surf Music Month * Pride Month

Links and References:
1. https://archive.aramcoworld.com/issue/198003/the.seven.wonders.htm#:~:text=The%20first%20known%20list%20of,he%20also%20lists%20the%20other 2. https://www.theguardian.com/travel/2007/jun/03/escape.channeltunnel 3. https://www.britannica.com/list/new-seven-wonders-of-the-world 4. https://world.new7wonders.com/ 5. https://www.albany.edu/~mwolfe/ist538/unit4/Chapter_07_examples/07-07.html 6. https://www.cntraveller.in/story/who-really-picked-the-7-wonders-of-the-world/ 7. https://sevennaturalwonders.org/ 8. https://matadornetwork.com/trips/seven-wonders-world-totally-stupid/

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The idea that stress turns our hair gray has been the punchline of many jokes. Do those of us with anxiety gray sooner? We do a quick dive into the science of graying hair and to what extent stress may be related to the accelerated pace of graying.

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Links and References:
1. https://newsinhealth.nih.gov/2020/04/how-stress-causes-gray-hair#:~:text=A%20new%20study%20shows%20that,pigment%2Dproducing%20cells%20called%20melanocytes. 2. https://www.washingtonpost.com/wellness/2022/12/19/gray-hair-causes-stress-genetics/ 3. Zhang B, Ma S, Rachmin I, He M, Baral P, Choi S, Gonçalves WA, Shwartz Y, Fast EM, Su Y, Zon LI, Regev A, Buenrostro JD, Cunha TM, Chiu IM, Fisher DE, Hsu YC. Hyperactivation of sympathetic nerves drives depletion of melanocyte stem cells. Nature. 2020 Jan;577(7792):676-681. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-1935-3. Epub 2020 Jan 22. PMID: 31969699; PMCID: PMC7184936. 4. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/06/210622154339.htm 5. https://www.usatoday.com/story/life/health-wellness/2023/04/14/does-stress-cause-grey-hair-yes-but-may-reversible/11634233002/ 6. Ayelet M Rosenberg, Shannon Rausser, Junting Ren, Eugene V Mosharov, Gabriel Sturm, R Todd Ogden, Purvi Patel, Rajesh Kumar Soni, Clay Lacefield, Desmond J Tobin, Ralf Paus, Martin Picard. Quantitative mapping of human hair greying and reversal in relation to life stress. eLife, 2021; 10 DOI: 10.7554/eLife.67437 7. https://psychcentral.com/stress/does-stress-cause-grey-hair#stress-and-gray-hair

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Oh rare Friday release! This is our follow up to our nostalgia episode on Social Media addiction. Enjoy!
This concludes our mult-month coverage of the topic of addiction for now. Next week, we'll be back totaly new non-addiction-related conten.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Gattaca (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0119177/) * Shane: My daughter graduated high school!

Holidays for Part 2
* Daniel Boone Day * Hug an Atheist Day * June Bug Day * National Chocolate Ice Cream Day * National Donut Day * Trial Technology Day * VCR Day

Links and References:
1. https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/internet-use-and-mental-well-being/ 2. https://psychnews.psychiatryonline.org/doi/10.1176/appi.pn.2024.04.4.5 3. https://time.com/6333257/social-media-addiction-study/

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Recorded in the early days of the pandemic, we are resurrecting this little gem to put a cap on our series of addiction-themed episodes. Amazing how much and how little has changed since then. The 2nd part will come out later this week and will have additional content to update the conversation on Social Media addiction.

Recommendations
* Scott: Mystic Vale (https://www.alderac.com/mystic-vale/) * Shane: Jake Johnson (Actor)

Holidays for June 5th 2024:
* Festival of Popular Delusions Day * Global Running Day * Hot Air Balloon Day * National Gingerbread Day * National Moonshine Day * National Veggie Burger Day * World Day Against Speciesism * World Environment Day * America the Beautiful Week * Bedbug Awareness Week * Black Single Parents Week * End Mountain Top Removal Week * National Garden Week * National Headache Awareness Week * Stepparents Week * Teacher Thank You Week

Links and References:
* https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/mar/19/social-media-facebook-addiction-not-natural-normal-disease

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/321240#Can-being-agreeable-save-you?
https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/social-media-addiction-binge-eating-here-s-how-find-right-ncna1144586
https://www.dukechronicle.com/article/2019/11/duke-university-social-media-addiction-are-we-all-social-media-addicts
https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbestechcouncil/2018/11/21/is-social-media-addiction-worse-than-cigarettes/#292777e25d64
https://www.addictioncenter.com/drugs/social-media-addiction/
https://paradigmmalibu.com/teen-social-media-addiction-treatment/
https://www.computerworld.com/article/3014439/social-media-addiction-is-a-bigger-problem-than-you-think.html?page=5
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/in-excess/201805/addicted-social-media
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3194102/pdf/ijerph-08-03528.pdf
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0306460319306525

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WARNING: Contains discussion of death, murder, and mutliation which some listeners may find disturbing. Who even wants to think about this? A lot of people, it turns out. This would have been well-suited for a Halloween release. Oh well. Enjoy this weird survey of books held together by peices of people.

Links:
1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ETDr8PQ00ag 2. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-27903742 3. http://www.thehistoryblog.com/archives/30815 4. https://library.law.hawaii.edu/2019/10/29/these-book-covers-have-been-judged-anthropodermic-bibliopegy-or-books-bound-in-human-skin/#:~:text=People%20bound%20books%20in%20human,was%20a%20highwayman%20or%20thief. 5. https://anthropodermicbooks.org/ 6. https://listverse.com/2023/01/27/10-books-bound-in-human-skin/ 7. http://www.princeton.edu/~needham/Bouland.pdf

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Wishful thinking, empty promises and empty threats, and shaming don't work to treat addiction. People have been trying to strategize ways to overcome addiction for centuries. Have we finally gotten it right? We are certainly doing a lot better now. We unpack that long history and current research around treating addiction.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Fall Guy (https://www.thefallguymovie.com/) * Shane: IF ( https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11152168/)

May 9th is:
* Composting Day * End of the Middle Ages Day * International Day of United Nations Peacekeepers * National Biscuit Day * National Senior Health & Fitness Day * Paperclip Day * Pink Flamingo Day * Put a Pillow on your Fridge Day * World Digestive Health Day * World Otter Day * Week of Solidarity with the Peoples of Non Self-Governing Territories

Links and References:
1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6944776/pdf/nihms-1545896.pdf 2. https://recovery.org/drug-treatment/history/ 3. https://www.avenuesrecovery.com/blog/historical-figures-in-addiction-treatment-benjamin-rush/#:~:text=A%20Founding%20Father%20Fighting%20Addiction,-As%20one%20of&text=He%20said%2C%20%E2%80%9CA%20nation%20corrupted,of%20the%20dangers%20of%20alcohol. 4. White, W. L. (2002). Addiction treatment in the United States: Early pioneers and institutions. Addiction, 97(9), 1087-1092. 5. https://www.thelancet.com/pdfs/journals/lancet/PIIS0140673604176186.pdf 6. https://aa-semi.org/archive/the-evolution-of-the-dark-world-of-alcoholism-early-cures-of-alcoholism/ 7. https://www.addictioncenter.com/community/evolution-history-of-rehab/ 8. Higgins, S. T., & Petry, N. M. (1999). Contingency management. Incentives for sobriety. Alcohol research & health : the journal of the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 23(2), 122–127. 9. Petry N. M. (2011). Contingency management: what it is and why psychiatrists should want to use it. The psychiatrist, 35(5), 161–163. https://doi.org/10.1192/pb.bp.110.031831 10. https://www.pnas.org/doi/full/10.1073/pnas.0806889105

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Is catnip "drugs" for your cat? Why does it affect them the way that it does? We explain what is going on in the brain and the behavior of cats when they get ahold of this werid herb, and what would happen if you gave catnip to a lion.

Links:
1. https://www.humanesociety.org/resources/crazy-catnip#:~:text=Researchers%20suspect%20that%20the%20herb,growl%20at%20the%20same%20time. 2. http://www.compoundchem.com/2014/06/08/catnip/https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/experts-how-does-catnip-work-on-cats/ 3. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/experts-how-does-catnip-work-on-cats/

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Another example of behavioral excess of things that are biologically necessary. Again, the utility of calling this an "addiction" is questionable, and we will ask that question in this discussion. We'll dig into the history of food addiciton, the criteria for food addiction, and treatment for food addiction. Of course, we are going to bring a skeptical analysis as well.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Hire someone to do yard work * Shane: Jelly Belly Jellybeans (https://www.jellybelly.com)

May 22, 2024 Holidays:
* Bitcoin Pizza Day * Canadian Immigrants Day * Emergency Medical Services for Children Day * Harvey Milk Day (California) * International Day for Biological Diversity * National Maritime Day * National Solitaire Day * National Vanilla Pudding Day * Sherlock Holmes Day * World Goth Day * Healthcare Documentation Integrity Week * National Safe Boating Week * National Unicycle Week * National Backyard Games Week

Links and References:
1. https://www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/food-addiction#:~:text=Changes%20in%20brain%20activity%20were,or%20continued%20eating%20%5B2%5D. 2. https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/eating-disorders/binge-eating-disorder/mental-health-food-addiction 3. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/food-addiction 4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6770567/ 5. https://www.virtua.org/articles/what-causes-food-addiction-and-what-are-the-signs#:~:text=Because%20everyone%20must%20eat%20to,at%20an%20even%20higher%20risk. 6. https://www.nationaleatingdisorders.org/get-help/ 7. https://www.addictionhelp.com/food-addiction/statistics/#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20study%2C%20food%20addiction%20was%20found%20in%3A&text=32%25%20of%20women%20who%20say,health%20is%20fair%20or%20poor 8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8320638/

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Traffic is the worst. But, why do traffic jams happen in the first place? Am I the problem? Are you the problem? Are we all the problem?! We'll unpack what you can do to help end congested traffic, what policies can help make this happen, and the science and psychology of phantom traffic!

Links and References:
1. https://commuterbenefits.com/2020/02/5-ways-to-end-heavy-traffic/ 2. https://ops.fhwa.dot.gov/congestion_report_04/executive_summary.htm 3. https://www.autoblog.com/2022/11/03/phantom-traffic-jams-prevention-following-distance/ 4. https://youtu.be/iHzzSao6ypE 5. https://youtu.be/Suugn-p5C1M

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Whereas part 1 was more about the history of gambling, casinos, and the psychology of designing gambling and gambling environments to foster addiction as much as possible, this episode actually talks about addiction and treatment. That was a long sentence. If you were here for the discussion about addiction and treatment, this is the part you've been waiting for.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Dice Tower (https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=dice+tower) * Shane: Into It. Over It. - Interesting Decisions (2020-2023) LP (https://intoitoverit.bandcamp.com/album/interesting-decisions-into-it-over-it-songs-2020-2023)

Holidays:
* Bring Flowers to Someone Day * Buddha Day * Dinosaur Day * Emergency Medical Services Day * International Conscientious Objector Day * International Kangaroo Care Awareness Day * National Chocolate Chip Day * National Juice Slush Day * Relive your Past by Listening to the First Music You Ever Bought No Matter what It Was No Excuse Day * International Family Day * National Straw Hat Day * Food Allergy Awareness Week * Hospital Week * National Bike to Work Week * National Women’s Health Week * Dementia Awareness Week

Links and References:
1. https://listverse.com/2024/04/14/10-things-you-never-knew-about-the-history-of-gambling/ 2. https://pausebeforeyouplay.org/2022/01/a-brief-history-of-gambling/#:~:text=2300%20B.C.%20The%20first%20known,casino%20is%20invented%20in%20Italy. 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pi3kQFYIleQ 4. https://gizmodo.com/how-casinos-use-design-psychology-to-get-you-to-gamble-1667182023 5. https://www.mass.gov/info-details/treatment-recommendations-for-gambling-disorders 6. https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisedu.org/behavioral-addictions/ 7. https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/gambling-disorder/what-is-gambling-disorder#:~:text=Repeated%20unsuccessful%20efforts%20to%20control,%22chasing%22%20one's%20losses.)

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We did an episode on idioms a while back. During that discussion, we ended up having to cut a lot of the content we had prepared. In particular, there was a surprisingly large number of idioms just around skin! So, we decided we'd do a mini just about that!

Reference
https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/81624/origins-19-skin-expressions
Covering just five today

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One behavioral addiction of the "inessential" variety is gambling. This is an issue that has ruined many lives and pumped a lot of money into the city of Las Vegas. Do our brains make us gamble? Does gambling simply expoit a loophole in human psychology? We'll talk about how gambling got started, how it keeps you playing, and treatments that have been used to support people recovering from gambling addiction.

Recommendations next time!

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Book burning has been used both to destroy cultures or just symbolically send a message. Either way, it is a pretty juvenile temper tantrum thing to do. Don't silence your opponents, be better than them. Here is the history and motives behind some large book burning efforts.

Links:
1. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/brief-history-book-burning-printing-press-internet-archives-180964697/ 2. https://www.loc.gov/exhibits/jefferson/jefflib.html 3. https://www.thedailybeast.com/the-library-of-alexandria-is-long-gone-and-all-around-us#:~:text=Historians%20believe%20that%20eventually%20around,of%20the%20Library%20of%20Alexandria. 4. https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2021/11/virginia-school-board-book-burning

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You've seen the title of this episode, so now that we have your attention: sex addiction! What are the psychometric criteria by which sex becomes an addiction? Further, who does this impact? The answers to this are both not what you might think. Turns out, there is a lot of history of "puritan"-like stigmatization around the "appropriate" amount of sex and with whom.

Links and References:
1. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/22690-sex-addiction-hypersexuality-and-compulsive-sexual-behavior 2. https://www.sexaddict.com/six-types-of-sex-addicts/ 3. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3960064/ 4. https://sexualhealthalliance.com/nymphomedia-blog/a-brief-history-of-sex-addiction 5. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12119-012-9136-3 6. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/women-who-stray/201510/who-is-the-real-father-sex-addiction 7. https://azri.org/sex-addiction/what-are-the-different-types-of-sex-addictions/ 8. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Sexual-Dysfunction-History.aspx

Recommendations
* Abraham: Fallout (https://www.amazon.com/Fallout-Season-1/dp/B0CN4HV16N) * Shane: Dracula by Bram Stoker (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17245.Dracula)

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Humans haven't had shampoo for very long in our relative history. What about our ancestors, what did they do without shampoo? Animals don't seem to require shampoo. What is this weird practice and what would happen if we gave it up? This mini investigates Big Shampoo!

Links and References
1. https://books.google.com/books/about/An_Uncommon_History_of_Common_Things.html?id=bcaXzXPP8ooC 2. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/319848#takeaway

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Humans have been engineering strategies to reduce the risks of life for as long as humans have been engineering everything. As it relates to addiction, harm reduction is a stragegy that emerged to help prevent the spread of disease and has been successfully applied to supporting people with chemical dependency. We explore the criticisms, concerns, and science behind harm reduction.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Cocaine Bear (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14209916/) * Shane: Charles Bukowski - Hollywood (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/38505.Hollywood) * Bonus: National Harm Reduction Coalition (https://harmreduction.org/)

Links:
1. https://youtu.be/Llm5vVybJWw?si=MtwfI2gl_ZYq_mul 2. https://www.samhsa.gov/find-help/harm-reduction 3. https://www.hhs.gov/overdose-prevention/ 4. https://nida.nih.gov/research-topics/harm-reduction 5. https://harmreduction.org/about-us/principles-of-harm-reduction/ 6. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/0306460396000421 7. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02791072.2001.10400463 8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0196064420313871 9. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11606-021-06904-4 10. https://academic.oup.com/smr/article-abstract/10/1/3/6880246 11. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0230886 12. https://accp1.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/jcph.1937 13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16203323/ 14. Walley AY, Xuan Z, Hackman HH, et al. Opioid overdose rates and implementation of overdose education and nasal naloxone distribution in Massachusetts: interrupted time series analysis. BMJ. 2013;346:f174. doi:https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.f174 15. https://americanaddictioncenters.org/harm-reduction 16. Aspinall, E. J., Nambiar, D., Goldberg, D. J., Hickman, M., Weir, A., Van Velzen, E., . . . Hutchinson, S. J. (2014). Are needle and syringe programmes associated with a reduction in HIV transmission among people who inject drugs: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Epidemiol, 43(1), 235- 248. doi:10.1093/ije/dyt243 17. Bernard, C. L., Owens, D. K., Goldhaber-Fiebert, J. D., & Brandeau, M. L. (2017). Estimation of the cost-effectiveness of HIV prevention portfolios for people who inject drugs in the United States: A model-based analysis. PLoS Med, 14(5). doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1002312 18. https://www.cdc.gov/ssp/syringe-services-programs-summary.html 19. https://www.aamc.org/news/drug-overdoses-soar-more-providers-embrace-harm-reduction 20. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.591 21. Des Jarlais, D.C., Feelemyer, J., McKnight, C. et al. Is your syringe services program cost-saving to society? A methodological case study. Harm Reduct J 18, 126 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12954-021-00575-4 22. Ijioma, S. C., Pontinha, V. M., Holdford, D. A., & Carroll, N. V. (2021). Cost-effectiveness of syringe service programs, medications for opioid use disorder, and combination programs in hepatitis C harm reduction among opioid injection drug users: a public payer perspective using a decision tree. Journal of managed care & specialty pharmacy, 27(2), 137–146. https://doi.org/10.18553/jmcp.2021.27.2.137

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Welcome to our new episode format, the mini! Although this is our second one, we are still excited to be exploring this new way of doing episodes. This discusion explores how lotteries came to be and why we pursue them with such vigor.

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The saga continues as we explore the historical policy blunder that was the "War on Drugs." What lead to the development of this idea? We review the distinction between what was stated and what actually happened, and, of course, who won the war? spoiler it was drugs.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Speechify App (https://speechify.com/?source=fb-for-mobile&via=nguyen-linh-nam&gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwiMmwBhDmARIsABeQ7xRZ-vEPaqs8c7IAr7jeYUXdDNtP0Wgtf92Chyk99jyGJIJ9V8rSv1QaAtWbEALw_wcB) * Shane: Amber Brooke Farms (https://amberbrookefarms.com/blueberry-festival/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQjwiMmwBhDmARIsABeQ7xR6jxy-33SjkhqahM3-YTrIh3z-c_FCR06EM3mfz9EAH1FvdLQtTFQaAuB5EALw_wcB)

Links and References:
1. https://oig.justice.gov/sites/default/files/archive/special/9712/ch01p1.htm 2. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/big-white-lie-cia-and-cocainecrack-epidemic 3. https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/special/cia.html 4. https://enditforgood.com/content/50th-anniversary-of-war-on-drugs-it-never-worked-different-approach-needed/?gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwnv-vBhBdEiwABCYQA7Yhc5ZPj339VVFmO9fUz9zl41doaebUygZeBcV8DjPpe1oUcuLykxoC6p8QAvD_BwE 5. https://drugpolicy.org/drug-war-stats/?ms=5J1_24GoogleGrant&utm_source=GoogleSEM&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=SEM≻=&cid=7011K000001tKzkQAE&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAjwnv-vBhBdEiwABCYQA2Kns_vgVsD_DDHjq1R4xdIuy6j8gKrWRcCowl1mY0qFXrhlz2wCqxoCbyUQAvD_BwE 6. https://cdn.penalreform.org/wp-content/uploads/2013/05/PRI_war-on-drugs-briefing_March-2013.pdf 7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9302017/ 8. https://civilrights.org/blog/americas-war-on-drugs-50-years-later/ 9. https://www.npr.org/2021/06/17/1006495476/after-50-years-of-the-war-on-drugs-what-good-is-it-doing-for-us

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Welcome to our first ever new episode format that we are trying out. These miniature episodes will be supplemental, additional episodes that we release every week alongside our normal full-length episodes. This first installment is exploring the weird tradition of people slapping peices of our flesh together to show appreciation. We started recording these quite a while ago, so, apologies if there are some somewhat dated references... Enjoy!

Links:
1. https://www.theatreinparis.com/blog/why-are-we-clapping-a-history-of-applause#:~:text=The%20meaning%20of%20clapping%20is,in%20response%20to%20being%20aroused. 2. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/cutting-edge-leadership/202201/why-we-clap-the-psychology-applause#:~:text=Clapping%20can%20be%20a%20sign,a%20universal%20body%20language%20signal. 3. https://books.google.com/books/about/An_Uncommon_History_of_Common_Things.html?id=bcaXzXPP8ooC

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The disease model of addiction is a popular philosophical approach to dependency. The idea is to remove fault and blame from the addicted individual. Further, there are a lot of parallels between addiction and illness. However, there are some drawbacks to conceptualizing addiction as a disease. We talk through the benefits and our reservations about using the disease framework for understanding disease.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Cutco Knives (https://www.cutco.com/) * Shane: Godzilla x Kong: New Empire (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt14539740/)

Links and References:
1. https://www.hazeldenbettyford.org/research-studies/addiction-research/brain-disease-model 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5672554/ 3. https://drugfree.org/article/is-addiction-a-disease/#:~:text=The%20disease%20model%20of%20addiction,-Addiction%20is%20defined&text=These%20include%20behavioral%2C%20psychological%2C%20environmental,developing%20a%20substance%20use%20disorder. 4. https://www.americanbrainfoundation.org/diseases/#:~:text=Brain%20disease%20affects%20millions%20worldwide,traumatic%20brain%20injury%2C%20and%20more. 5. https://www.cbhic.com/post/what-are-the-three-major-models-of-addiction 6. https://www.futurelearn.com/info/courses/understanding-addiction/0/steps/245163#:~:text=The%20common%20core%20assumptions%20of,is%20the%20defining%20observable%20pathology. 7. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/disease-model#:~:text=While%20the%20disease%20model%20was,formalized%20largely%20in%20the%201980s.

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Alcohol dependency is a complicated condition that has killed a staggering number of people. Fortinuately, many people have banded together to support one another through behavior changes to reinvent their life without this dependency. One such program truly dominates the known landscape of addiction interventions: Alcoholics Anonymous. Yet, the effectiveness of the AA program and the "active ingredient" in its method have remained shrouded in ambiguity for nearly a century. Recent scientific research has finally begun to reveal the evidence around Alcoholics Anonymous as an intervention for dependency.

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Creator (https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/the-creator) John David Washington, Gemma Chan, Ken Watanabe, Sturgill Simpson, Madeleine Yuna Voyles, Allison Janney * Shane: Ghostbusters - Frozen Empire (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt21235248/)

Links and Referenes:
1. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2005.01600.x 2. https://doi.org/10.15288/jsa.1996.57.65 3. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550880902772464 4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2007.07.014 5. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005032.pub2 6. https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2015/04/the-irrationality-of-alcoholics-anonymous/386255/ 7. 10.1007/978-1-4899-1678-5_3 8. https://www.avenuesrecovery.com/blog/why-aa-is-harmful/ 9. https://www.practicalrecovery.com/aas-dominance-in-the-us-is-harmful/ 10. https://www.sanctuary.net/blog/whats-wrong-with-alcoholics-anonymous/ 11. https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2015/03/26/395310213/critic-faults-alcoholics-anonymous-for-lack-of-evidence 12. https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/aa-is-faith-based-not-evidence-based/ 13. https://www.sossobriety.org/ 14. https://alcohol.org/alcoholics-anonymous/alternatives-to-the-aa-approach/ 15. https://www.verywellmind.com/secular-alcohol-and-drug-rehab-programs-67702 16. https://www.aa.org/twelve-steps-twelve-traditions 17. https://recoveryfirst.org/alcohol-abuse/how-does-a-a-work/ 18. https://www.discovermagazine.com/health/how-effective-is-alcoholics-anonymous 19. https://theconversation.com/does-alcoholics-anonymous-actually-work-179665 20. https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/alcoholism7.htm?srch_tag=nsfk6pbgbpwfrd2thlmtrzgl5tu35jso 21. https://people.howstuffworks.com/serenity-prayer.htm?srch_tag=nsfk6pbgbpwfrd2thlmtrzgl5tu35jso 22. https://www.columbusrecoverycenter.com/alcohol-addiction/history-of-aa/ 23. https://youtu.be/aZIDCMbJZ-g?si=VLIxyoxZ1ToVILZI

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Most people are only one or two nodes away from someone who has struggled with some sort of addiction, or may struggle themselves. But what is this phenomenon? The definition has been tricky to pin down because addiction can span chemicals to behaviors, can go undetected or be overt, and can have seemingly creep up out of nowhere. But what all addiction has in common is harm to the user. We are embarking on an odyssey of episodes to explore the many facets of addiction from philosophy to intervention. Today is just the beginning.

If you are somone you know is struggling with suicide or crisis, call 988.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Five Nights at Freddy’s (https://www.fivenightsatfreddys.movie/) * Shane: Chamblin Bookmine (https://www.chamblinbookmine.com/)

Links and References:
1. https://www.asam.org/quality-care/definition-of-addiction 2. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/addiction 3. https://dictionary.apa.org/brain-disorder 4. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/drugs-brains-behavior-science-addiction/drug-misuse-addiction 5. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/6407-addiction 6. https://drugabusestatistics.org/ 7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5328289/#:~:text=The%20DSM%2D5%20specifically%20lists,%3B%20stimulants%3B%20and%20tobacco). 8. https://diamondrehabthailand.com/addiction-types/ 9. https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/drug-addiction-genes-environment 10. https://learn.genetics.utah.edu/content/addiction/genes#:~:text=The%20A1%20form%20(allele)%20of,than%20normal%E2%80%94especially%20under%20stress.

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Have you thought about what you'll do if a significant disaster destroys most of humankind? Perhaps you've prepared for the zombie apocalypse or a nuclear winter. What will humans do if we are faced with end times? We look through the history of extinction-level natural disasters that nearly killed off all humans and how we somehow pulled through... and what this tells us about what to expect if we are faced with yet another world-ending catastrophe.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Apiary (https://stonemaiergames.com/games/apiary/) * Shane: Pacific Rim (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1663662/)

Links and References:
1. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/human-ancestors-nearly-went-extinct-900-000-years-ago/ 2. https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abq7487 3. https://www.history.com/news/prehistoric-ancestors-population-decline 4. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/how-long-humans-survive-zombie-apocalypse-scientists-a7513941.html 5. https://nypost.com/2017/01/05/no-one-would-actually-survive-a-zombie-apocalypse/ 6. https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/five-apocalypses-humanity-has-survived 7. https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/22514/1/2308Ramadams.pdf 8. https://emergency.cdc.gov/cerc/ppt/CERC_Psychology_of_a_Crisis.pdf

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This re-run updates a previous episode on our musings about what aphantasia is, and the purpose of diagnoses. This condition describes people who can't see with their mind's eye. But, what does that mean? How would you know? Do we have aphantasia? Do you? We'll never know.

Recommendations
* Abraham? Project Ironside (https://ironsidegametable.com/) * Shane: Electric Shark Tattoo (https://electricsharktattoo.com/)

Links and References
1. Arcangeli, M. Aphantasia demystified. Synthese 201, 31 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11229-022-04027-9 2. https://aphantasia.com/article/science/visualisers-fallacy/ 3. Milton, F., Fulford, J., Dance, C., Gaddum, J., Heuerman-Williamson, B., Jones, K., Knight, K. F., MacKisack, M., Winlove, C., & Zeman, A. (2021). Behavioral and Neural Signatures of Visual Imagery Vividness Extremes: Aphantasia versus Hyperphantasia. Cerebral cortex communications, 2(2), tgab035. https://doi.org/10.1093/texcom/tgab035

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Psychologists and philosophers speculated for centuries trying to understand how the conscious experience of the mind relates to the physical substrate of the body. Is the mind just the process of our gooey brains, or something more? It's our brains. But we'll unpack it all.

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Fox Experiment (https://pandasaurusgames.com/products/the-fox-experiment) * Shane: Black House by Stephen King and Peter Straub (https://stephenking.com/works/novel/black-house.html)

Become a supporter of this podcast: https://www.spreaker.com/podcast/why-we-do-what-we-do--3419521/support.

Links:
1. 1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/mind-body-problem#:~:text=The%20mind%2Dbody%20problem%20is,of%20physical%20phenomena%20or%20not. 2. https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/23115/what-does-the-mind-body-problem-mean#:~:text=The%20mind%2Dbody%20problem%20is%20essentially%20the%20question%20of%20whether,the%20same%20thing%20(the%20way 3. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2254848 4. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9780470514412.ch1 5. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-46742-4_13 6. https://philpapers.org/rec/GARHBA

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Technical and professional jargon can be furstratingly opaque and many professionals lament the frequent use of technical speak. However, there is a benefit to technical jargon and neologisms and times that are appropriate for employing this type of communication. We also translate some common behavior analyst terms (behaviorese) into more readily understandable language. Where do you fall on this issue?

Vocab: Neologism

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Big Sick (https://www.primevideo.com/detail/The-Big-Sick/0NYI65XXK4H2JU4KN108U2NACU) * Shane: Uno: Show ‘Em No Mercy (https://shop.mattel.com/products/uno-show-em-no-mercy-hwv18)

References:
1. Friman PC. There is no such thing as a bad boy: The Circumstances View of problem behavior. J Appl Behav Anal. 2021 Apr;54(2):636-653. doi: 10.1002/jaba.816. Epub 2021 Feb 11. PMID: 33570187. 2. https://behavioralobservations.com/how-to-disseminate-behavior-analytic-technologies-inside-jaba-18-with-dorothea-lerman 3. Lindsley, O. R. (1991). From technical jargon to plain English for application. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 24(3), 449-458. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1991.24-449

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Kids these days...but what does that mean? Have kids changed over time? Many people believe that there is something to say about the different "generations." Indeed, each generation experiences similar world events during the impressionable years of youth. What then can we expect from Baby Boomers, Millenials, or Gen Z? We take a skeptical and scientific look at the characteristic features of the behavior of people born during certain eras.

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Green Knight (https://a24films.com/films/the-green-knight) * Shane: Megacon 2024

Links and References:
1. https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,856950,00.html?ref=journeymatters.ai 2. https://journeymatters.ai/7-generations/ 3. https://www.iberdrola.com/talent/generation-x-y-z 4. https://www.waldenu.edu/online-masters-programs/ms-in-human-resource-management/what-are-the-best-work-traits-of-each-generation 5. http://www.wmfc.org/uploads/generationaldifferenceschart.pdf 6. https://genhq.com/the-generations-hub/generational-faqs/ 7. https://imagine.jhu.edu/blog/2022/11/17/the-changing-generational-values/ 8. https://web.archive.org/web/20190328230347/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/19690752/daily_press/ 9. https://www.skeptic.com/michael-shermer-show/generation-myth-why-when-you-are-born-matters-less-than-you-think-bobby-duffy/ 10. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2023/05/22/5-things-to-keep-in-mind-when-you-hear-about-gen-z-millennials-boomers-and-other-generations/ 11. https://www.pewresearch.org/politics/2015/09/03/the-whys-and-hows-of-generations-research/

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Down Syndrome is a genetic condition with some characteristic features and complications. We explain how this condition occurs, the history, features of the diagnosis, and treatment. Do you know someone with Down Syndrome? Join us in our celebration of a diverse group of people united by their genetic variation.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Self Reliance (https://www.hulu.com/movie/self-reliance-b530df17-e123-4174-8d4d-75e6f422468f) * Shane: Archers of Loaf - Seconds Before the Accident (https://www.discogs.com/release/1364075-Archers-Of-Loaf-Seconds-Before-The-Accident)

Links and References:
1. https://ndss.org/about 2. https://dsfamilynetwork.org/ 3. https://dsnetworkaz.org/ 4. https://www.dsnnn.org/ 5. https://www.dsdiagnosisnetwork.org/ 6. https://youtu.be/NPmU0JS5PqY?si=FyiNaGjvyUbKZ9PJ 7. https://www.champaigndsn.org/ 8. Ataman, A. D., Vatanoğlu-Lutz, E. E., & Yıldırım, G. (2012). Medicine in stamps: history of Down syndrome through philately. Journal of the Turkish German Gynecological Association, 13(4), 267–269. https://doi.org/10.5152/jtgga.2012.43

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Unions are grouops of employees who band together to form an allied unit that works to support its members in a work environment. This usually results in bargaining for higher wages for union members. Companies have long despised unions for this reason. Right to work laws state that their intended purpose is to give employees the option to opt out of unions if they don't want to participate. We explore what this means for employees and employers and unions and the history.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Project Hail Mary (https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/611060/project-hail-mary-by-andy-weir/) * Shane: Ghostbusters: The Video Game (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghostbusters:_The_Video_Game)

Links:
1. https://aflcio.org/issues/right-work 2. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/righttowork-law.asp 3. https://www.nlrb.gov/guidance/key-reference-materials/national-labor-relations-act 4. https://www.nrtw.org/right-to-work-frequently-asked-questions/ 5. https://www.epi.org/publication/right-to-work-states-have-lower-wages/ 6. https://www.federalreserve.gov/econres/notes/feds-notes/understanding-workers-financial-wellbeing-in-states-with-right-to-work-laws-20230908.html

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What do we do what we do? Because we do! That's the thesis of the life and death drive. We explain and dismantal this little known hypothesis of behavior championed by the psychoanalysts of the early 20th century. What drives you?

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Flash (https://www.dc.com/theflash) * Shane: Bear vs. Shark - Right Now, You’re in the Best of Hands. And If Something Isn’t Quite Right, Your Doctor Will Know in a Hurry (https://open.spotify.com/album/0pGIIPdSojJ3t4yCIQWM78?si=2rpS3HPuSn2BQfe8dEnTyA)

Links and References
1. 1. https://muse.jhu.edu/article/860682#:~:text=The%20significance%20of%20Spielrein's%20'destruction,biological%20drives%3B%20that%20of%20self%2D 2. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1465-5922.1994.00155.x 3. https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803095704767 4. https://dictionary.apa.org/nirvana-principle 5. https://exploringyourmind.com/freud-and-the-nirvana-principle/ 6. https://www.britannica.com/science/thanatos-psychology 7. https://study.com/learn/lesson/freud-death-drive-thanatos.html 8. https://www.verywellmind.com/life-and-death-instincts-2795847 9. https://www.proquest.com/openview/8a178ef37297d93689a2480053ca4659/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=1818729 10. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1516/6H94-P06N-8QEN-829B 11. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1057/s11231-022-09356-9 12. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/00207578.2020.1815541 13. https://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/spielrein-sabina#:~:text=Sabina%20Spielrein%20was%20born%20in,had%20an%20affair%20with%20Jung. 14. https://greekgodsandgoddesses.net/gods/thanatos/#:~:text=In%20Roman%20mythology%2C%20Thanatos%20was,that%20he%20had%20no%20father. 15. https://www.cosmopolitan.com/entertainment/books/g33625689/best-books-black-authors/?utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=arb_ga_cos_md_pmx_us_urlx_18419138764&gclid=CjwKCAiAqY6tBhAtEiwAHeRopXnD4y2DzPa8FwR32r0JtvqWkMqhpVP2-YHNDnfkON3e8EoRYMmYFxoCW1kQAvD_BwE

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Science and quantitiative model nerds, this is for you! Or maybe not... We explain the mathematical model that purports to explain choice-making. We enumerate the benefits this model has had on behavior science in general, as well as take a hard critical look.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Arborea (https://www.alleycatgames.com/arborea) * Shane: The Silence of the Lambs (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0102926/)

Links and References:
1. Greer, B.D. and Shahan, T.A. (2019), Resurgence as Choice: Implications for promoting durable behavior change. Jnl of Applied Behav Analysis, 52: 816-846. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.573 2. Reed, D. D., & Kaplan, B. A. (2011). The matching law: a tutorial for practitioners. Behavior analysis in practice, 4(2), 15–24. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03391780 3. Skinner B. F. (1976). Farewell, My LOVELY!. Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 25(2), 218. https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.1976.25-218 4. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bell_Curve

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Engineering student and behaviorist Joseph Dailey joins us to talk about artificial intelligence: where it came from, where it is going, and what it can tell us about human psychology. We reflect on the current state of AI and consider some skeptical and practice considerations for how AI may impact us moving forward.

Links and References:
1. https://nicholas.carlini.com/writing/llm-forecast/ 2. https://arxiv.org/abs/1706.03762

Recommendations
* Abraham: Go on a hike * Joey: Listen to your body and take a good stretch, be kind to yourself * Shane: Scheduling time to write

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Humans have long been interested with shortcuts for peering into the enigma of the mind. Further, we search desperately for any clues that can help us identify persons of interest, particularly in crimes. What can we learn about people by analyzing their handwriting? What does your handwriting say about you? If we consider how penmanship develops, and what personality is, it becomes fairly obvious.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Barbie (https://www.barbie-themovie.com/) * Shane: Aladdin the Musical on Broadway (https://aladdinthemusical.com/?gad_source=1&gclid=Cj0KCQiAv8SsBhC7ARIsALIkVT0KAKjaGfVwtFx1MzrgZJhyOJvi-KfKr4vN28RlyZBWpJbQAkl6bp4aAghaEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds)

Links and References:
1. https://dekalbmiller.com/forensic-handwriting-analysis/ 2. https://science.howstuffworks.com/handwriting-analysis.htm 3. https://www.job-law.com/applicant-asked-for-handwriting-sample/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CHowever%2C%20if%20an%20employer%20can,reasons%2C%20it%20would%20be%20illegal. 4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4676206/ 5. https://www.utimes.pitt.edu/archives/?p=8753 6. https://parade.com/1195032/marynliles/handwriting-analysis/ 7. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167865518301880 8. https://movementdisorders.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/mdc3.12552 9. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/5571472 10. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/1363910

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Three meals per day has been so ingrained in western (and other cultures) for so long that it seems like it might be a biological requirement for humans. But we also know that food was not so easy to come by for our ancestors. We unpack the history of the three meals per day tradition.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Fargo (season 5; https://www.hulu.com/fx-on-hulu?&cmp=7958&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=BM+Search+TV+Shows&utm_term=fargo%20full%20episodes&gad_source=1&gclid=CjwKCAiAyp-sBhBSEiwAWWzTnm4SACYGEiLMxagxy5AkRUi9n1uGYTRbingohbVN3pNazz-kB2m6zhoC9ygQAvD_BwE&gclsrc=aw.ds) * Shane: Angelina Bakery (https://angelinabakery.com/)

Links and References:
1. https://www.emetabolic.com/locations/centers/castle-rock/blog/healthy-living/why_do_we_eat_three_meals_a_day/#:~:text=The%20three%20meals%20per%20day,when%20you're%20not%20hungry. 2. https://daily.jstor.org/why-do-americans-eat-three-meals-a-day/ 3. https://www.lacucinaitaliana.com/trends/news/why-do-we-eat-three-times-a-day?refresh_ce= 4. https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-20243692 5. https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2021/03/your-weird-pandemic-meals-are-probably-fine/618210/ 6. https://www.medicaldaily.com/how-3-meals-day-became-rule-and-why-we-should-be-eating-whenever-we-get-hungry-324892 7. https://www.perspectivesmcgill.com/allposts/2023/5/2/decolonizing-diets-eating-three-meals-a-day-and-its-colonial-implications 8. https://www.heart.org/en/healthy-living/healthy-eating/eat-smart/nutrition-basics/is-3-meals-a-day-the-only-way 9. https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20220412-should-we-be-eating-three-meals-a-day 10. https://www.raptitude.com/2022/04/the-myth-of-three-meals-a-day/ 11. https://recipes.howstuffworks.com/biological-reason-to-eat-three-meals-day.htm?srch_tag=dfxqw23a6dxyxcyzunlyo64x6fybh3fs 12. https://www.bonappetit.com/test-kitchen/ingredients/article/the-etymology-of-food-and-meal 13. https://foodandnutrition.org/blogs/stone-soup/meal-frequency-around-world-can-learn-cultures/

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Happy New Year! This is a re-cap of the year we just completed. What we talked about in the various episodes this year, what we read and watched, in memorium, and other fluff. Did you have a favorite moment? Message us and tell us what it was!

Recommendations
* Abraham: A Knock at the Cabin (https://tv.apple.com/us/movie/knock-at-the-cabin/umc.cmc.7fetnok7ou3e2dhp9808fprnt) * Shane: Kookie Now (https://kookienow.com/)

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Give that cerebrum a good scrubbing. There are two conditions under which we can get a handle on the phenomenon of brainwashing: What conditions produce the effect we might call brainwashing, and the what kind of behaviors or conditions would prompt us to label something as brainwashing. We also explore the idea that this effect isn't even really real. Of course, brainwashing has some not-so-subtle ties to racism and some nefarious activities of the US government in the past.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Loki (season 2: https://ondisneyplus.disney.com/show/loki-season-2) * Shane: Polynesian Fire Luau (https://www.polynesianfire.com/)

Links:
1. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/brainwashing 2. http://www7.bbk.ac.uk/hiddenpersuaders/blog/hunter-origins-of-brainwashing/#:~:text=Historians%20generally%20agree%20that%20the,American%20journalist%20and%20propaganda%20expert. 3. https://www.history.com/mkultra-operation-midnight-climax-cia-lsd-experiments 4. https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/document/06760269 5. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/brainwashing-criminal-law-defence#:~:text=Brainwashing%20is%20used%20to%20describe,enforcement%20of%20routine%2C%20and%20hypnosis. 6. https://www.psu.edu/news/research/story/probing-question-does-brainwashing-exist/ 7. https://www.pdcnet.org/thought/content/thought_1986_0061_0002_0241_0257 8. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-031-05599-7_11 9. https://web.s.ebscohost.com/abstract?direct=true&profile=ehost&scope=site&authtype=crawler&jrnl=14639955&AN=163784402&h=DsT8Uz3APg6x484q7SKDmqSxEmB0htsKqFY7juEPzf9z8LvmH%2bch5APT49b03AfdAFz2SMmDYllqL6W6O7JhIw%3d%3d&crl=c&resultNs=AdminWebAuth&resultLocal=ErrCrlNotAuth&crlhashurl=login.aspx%3fdirect%3dtrue%26profile%3dehost%26scope%3dsite%26authtype%3dcrawler%26jrnl%3d14639955%26AN%3d163784402 10. https://e-journal.metrouniv.ac.id/index.php/akademika/article/view/1990 11. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/true-story-brainwashing-and-how-it-shaped-america-180963400/

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Think of the most talented person you have ever known or known about. Now think about what it means to say that that person is talented. In this discussion, we try to bring a skeptical, behavioral view of the description that we love to apply to the highest performing people of any skill. We define talent, give examples, and then deconstruct the concept until we think we understand it as well as we can. If you've thought about what talent is, who has it, and why, then this episode is for you!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Mercurial (Game, David Goh https://www.hyperlixir.com/games/mercurial) * Shane: In Cold Blood by Truman Capote (https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/168642)

Links:
1. https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/columnist/nancy-armour/2021/05/23/simone-biles-gymnastics-officials-foolish-punishing-her-talent/5232267001/ 1. Pronko, N. H., (1988). From AI to Zeitgeist: A Philosophical Guide for the Skeptical Psychologist. Greenwood Press: Westport, CT. 2. Schneider, S. M. (2012). The Science of Consequences: How They Affect Genes, Change the Brain, and Impact Our World. Prometheus Books: Amherst, NY. 3. Bijou, S. W. (1993). Behavior Analysis of Child Development. Context Press: Reno, NV. 4. Kantor, J. R., & Smith, N. W. (1975). The Science of Psychology: An Interbehavioral Survey. Principa Press, Chicago, IL. 5. Shenk, D. (2010). The Genius in All of Us: New Insights Into Genetics, Talent, and IQ. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group

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The uncanny valley started as a futurists fear about the future of robotics. But we have seen multiple instances of unsettling imagery in CGI that has us employing the uncanny hypothesis. There is also some skepticism about whether this phenomenon is even real. We explore the various suggestions about what accounts for the uncanny valley, whether it is real, and what behaviorism might contribute to understanding it.

Recommendations
* Abraham: El Camino Christmas (https://www.netflix.com/title/80178974) * Shane: Guardians of the Galaxy - Cosmic Rewind (https://disneyworld.disney.go.com/attractions/epcot/guardians-of-the-galaxy-cosmic-rewind/)

Links:
1. https://theconversation.com/uncanny-valley-why-we-find-human-like-robots-and-dolls-so-creepy-50268 2. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0010027715300640 3. https://youtu.be/CNdAIPoh8a4 4. https://youtu.be/VmgS2JltwX4 5. https://science.howstuffworks.com/science-vs-myth/unexplained-phenomena/uncanny-valley.htm 6. https://spectrum.ieee.org/the-uncanny-valley 7. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/ai-uncanny-valley?loggedin=true&rnd=1700967450205 8. https://gizmodo.com/is-the-uncanny-valley-pseudoscience-5454086

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Everybody wants to influence the world (to the tune of Tears for Fears). Being an influencer is one of the most enticing jobs out there for many people right now. Old, mostly young, and in between, the draw of a fame and fortune for self-made hobbyists is irresistable to many. But this is a job that requires a lot more work than it might seem, and fame is a double-edged sword. From where did this new career suddenly emerge? What is it? And, why do so many people want to do it? We'll do our best to explain it all.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Uluk (https://hexy.studio/games/uluk/) * Shane: The Marvels (https://www.marvel.com/movies/the-marvels)

Alllll the Links and References:
1. https://www.ilo.org/sector/Resources/publications/WCMS_865323/lang--en/index.htm 2. https://blog.workday.com/en-us/2023/future-media-entertainment-5-reasons-technology-changes-everything.html 3. https://knowledge.insead.edu/career/psychological-strategies-influencers 4. https://grin.co/blog/psychology-of-influence/ 5. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jan/08/instagram-influencers-psychology-social-media-anxiety 6. https://influencermarketinghub.com/what-is-an-influencer/ 7. https://neilpatel.com/blog/guide-to-influencer-targeting/ 8. https://www.makeuseof.com/what-are-social-media-influencers/ 9. https://medium.com/swlh/why-everybody-wants-to-be-an-influencer-and-nobody-wants-a-real-job-anymore-fc1a895a76b3 10. https://www.forbes.com/sites/petersuciu/2022/10/20/young-people-want-to-be-influencers-even-as-older-americans-say-it-isnt-a-real-job/?sh=f0668af5f04b 11. https://www.adweek.com/media/everyones-an-influencer-now-what/ 12. https://www.nbcnews.com/pop-culture/influencers-parents-posting-kids-online-privacy-security-concerns-rcna55318 13. https://www.teenvogue.com/story/influencer-parents-children-social-media-impact 14. https://www.kelleykronenberg.com/category/blog/technology-data-privacy-and-social-media/the-legal-risks-that-social-media-influencers-encounter/ 15. https://contiguglia.com/blog/legal-concerns-for-influencers-on-social-media/ 16. https://www.cnbc.com/2023/09/20/more-than-half-of-gen-zers-think-they-can-easily-make-a-career-in-influencing.html 17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t5yXuHJX2Nk 18. https://grin.co/blog/the-history-of-influencer-marketing/#:~:text=Although%20influencer%20marketing%20has%20technically,prominence%20in%20the%20early%202010s. 19. https://affise.com/blog/influencers-mapped/#:~:text=Age%20of%20success%3A%20The%20Average,successful%20global%20influencers%20is%2027. 20. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/40k-post-within-three-months-100100301.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAACJYI_G5bXmqGia5OeGDdwx9t1lJQQfLw_Pnj6hmbzUA2ALHnjQ5zLTuySR43KU1fVoG5TJM0nBbw2a792cvwRzh2GCd0I27apGiiuLwB0A6GJkAS0MAAW7qVHbDYuuyBHryp_mM8Wt_ECtFK8sDBC2lol__C9JI0N-QQ6d6Gmhj#:~:text=How%20long%20is%20an%20influencer,of%20reasons%2C%20the%20experts%20explained.&text=To%20some%20extent%20that's%20because,touch%20with%20their%20original%20viewers. 21. https://embedsocial.com/blog/how-much-do-instagram-influencers-make/#:~:text=An%20influencer%20with%201%20million,and%20%2415%2C000%20per%20sponsored%20post. 22. https://influencermarketinghub.com/instagram-highest-paid/

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Let's take a trip back in time to our discussion on the bystander effect, as well as an update on what has happened in research since. What other variables can account for the bystander effect? What about when there is no bystander effect? There is such as a thing as too many cooks in the kitchen, as they say.

Recommendations:
Abraham: A Haunting in Venice (movie: https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/a-haunting-in-venice)
Shane: De La Soul - 3 Feet High and Rising (https://open.spotify.com/album/34LxHI9x14qXUOS8AWRrYD?si=i8Z8nRbHRLy29mwGutpzaw)

Links:
* https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0956797615569579 * https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/bystander-effect#:~:text=Radiation%20and%20Health%20Effects&text=The%20term%20bystander%20effect%20describes,not%20directly%20hit%20by%20radiation. * https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6790599/#:~:text=Further%2C%20a%20cross%E2%80%90national%20video,%2C%20%26%20Lindegaard%2C%202019). * https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11292-020-09417-y * https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1089268021995168 * https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2021-37653-001 * http://www.webclearinghouse.net/volume/1/Lathrop-TheEffects.php * https://spssi.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/sipr.12063

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Most people report feeling that the TSA is successfully protecting against threats. Are they right? Some argue that not flying pushes people toward driving which is exponentially more fatal. What can we do about it? Many have some radical ideas. We'll unpack what there is to understand about the TSA.

Recommendations
Abraham: Sounds Fishy (https://bigpotato.com/products/sounds-fishy)
Shane: Hotline TNT - Cartwheel (https://open.spotify.com/album/6LrhvefGM7zcJpIdMC9otz?si=yVWBjXa2TAy-McHleJF8JA)

Links and References:
1. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ellistalton/2019/01/28/is-the-tsa-really-necessary/?sh=5565d5c025e0 2. https://www.vox.com/2016/5/17/11687014/tsa-against-airport-security 3. https://www.theverge.com/c/23311333/tsa-history-airport-security-theater-homeland 4. https://www.securitydegreehub.com/airport-security-make-us-safer/ 5. https://reason.com/2022/01/07/airport-security-measures-are-popular-but-pointless/ 6. https://www.bts.gov/newsroom/full-year-2022-us-airline-traffic-data#:~:text=U.S.%20airlines%20carried%20194%20million,and%20388%20million%20in%202020. 7. https://www.npr.org/2021/09/10/1035131619/911-travel-timeline-tsa 8. https://www.businessinsider.com/palantir-ceo-alex-karp-interview-stopped-terror-attack-weekly-2019-1 9. https://www.cnn.com/2012/04/30/world/al-qaeda-documents/index.html 10. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/tsa-touts-orlando-bomb-suspect-arrest/ 11. https://vimeo.com/871252019 12. Garrick Blalock garrick.blalock@cornell.edu , Vrinda Kadiyali & Daniel H. Simon (2009) Driving fatalities after 9/11: a hidden cost of terrorism, Applied Economics, 41:14, 1717-1729, DOI: 10.1080/00036840601069757 13. https://www.sheffield.com/air-travel-safest-mode-transportation#:~:text=For%20one%2C%20there%20is%20a,air%20at%20any%20given%20time. 14. https://www.airport-technology.com/features/scan-before-boarding-country-handling-airport-security-checks/?cf-view 15. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/72788/14-behind-scenes-secrets-tsa-agents

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Transportation is an enormous part of any economy. Airplanes are one of the more recent inventions that have changed the landscape of security around the world. In addition, the consequences of a plane failing accidentally or through the intentional destruction by bad actors is catastrophic. Therefore, the security of airplanes is of the utmost importance. Yet, the instances of terrorist actions or even attempts are vanishingly small. The TSA was designed to prevent terrorist activities. Is it working? Is it just creating the illusion of security? If we had to ask, you can probably already guess the answer. We kick off this two-parter by reviewing the history of airpot security and its trials and tribulations. What are your experiences? Let us know!

Recommendations Part 2
Abraham: Sounds Fishy (https://bigpotato.com/products/sounds-fishy)
Shane: Hotline TNT - Cartwheel (https://open.spotify.com/album/6LrhvefGM7zcJpIdMC9otz?si=yVWBjXa2TAy-McHleJF8JA)

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What makes someone a troll? We are all a little bit troll-y sometimes. We dive into how and why it works, when it is good and bad, and a brief history of trolls. Join us for the psychology of troll behavior.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Guillermo Del Toro’s Cabinet of Curiosities (https://www.netflix.com/title/80209229) * Shane: Blink 182 - One More Time… (https://open.spotify.com/album/1OteY9OFTmoZ0vmZT89wPd; https://music.apple.com/us/album/one-more-time/1707257664)

Links and References:
1. Cheng, J., Bernstein, M., Danescu-Niculescu-Mizil, C., & Leskovec, J. (2017). Anyone Can Become a Troll. In Proceedings of the 2017 ACM Conference on Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. CSCW ’17: Computer Supported Cooperative Work and Social Computing. ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/2998181.2998213 2. https://apnews.com/article/biden-internet-broadband-bead-0b95fabd7f6833ce420c80d474a145a5 3. https://blog.hootsuite.com/how-to-deal-with-trolls-on-social-media/ 4. https://computer.howstuffworks.com/troll.htm 5. https://medium.com/dose/what-did-trolling-look-like-before-the-internet-cb42890265c0

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Why are some people evil? What is evil anyway? Is evil even real? We discuss the philosophy of what evil is and why it occurs... if it occurs.

Recommendations
* Abraham: No One Will Save You (https://www.hulu.com/movie/no-one-will-save-you-9e96f51e-6806-4306-9773-e96b68d25305) * Shane: Electric Shark Tattoo Studio (https://www.instagram.com/electricsharktattoo/)

Links and References:
1. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/concept-evil/ 2. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/evil-kinds-origins/ 3. https://www.qcc.cuny.edu/socialsciences/ppecorino/phil_of_religion_text/CHAPTER_6_PROBLEM_of_EVIL/Nature_of_Evil.htm#:~:text=%22Evil%22%20has%20a%20wider%20range,famines%2C%20floods%2C%20etc.) 4. https://press.princeton.edu/books/paperback/9780691026176/jung-on-evil 5. https://www.prisonexp.org/ 6. https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/1/article/193629/summary 7. http://www.zimbardo.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2003-Evil-Chapter.pdf 8. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1745691615568998 9. https://www.psypost.org/2021/07/new-psychology-research-suggests-that-belief-in-pure-evil-can-put-blinders-on-peoples-thinking-61556 10. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/acp.3795 11. https://www.rcpsych.ac.uk/docs/default-source/members/sigs/spirituality-spsig/walker.pdf?sfvrsn=2223ae50_2 12. https://www3.nd.edu/~jspeaks/courses/2007-8/20229/_HANDOUTS/problem-of-evil.pdf 13. https://reasonandmeaning.com/2016/04/09/can-there-be-goodness-without-badness/ 14. https://iep.utm.edu/evil-log/

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In the 1970s in the US and other parts of the world, a great fear was blossoming in the hearts of normal, every day people. The very real threat of the conspiracy of the satanic cults! Dun Dun DUN! Except... the fear about satanic cults is actually pretty old. Why was there a new fear? What was really going on during the satanic panic? You've got questions, or at least we assume you do... and we've got (some) answers.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Wrath of Becky (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt20916568/) * Shane: Ahsoka (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13622776/) (again)

Links and References
1. https://history.howstuffworks.com/historical-events/satanic-panic.htm#pt5 2. https://gizmodo.com/a-brief-history-of-satanic-panic-in-the-1980s-1679476373 3. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/642372/satanic-panic-history-1980s 4. https://www.cbc.ca/arts/satan-wants-you-filmmakers-q-a-sean-horlor-steve-j-adams-1.6822213 5. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/31/us/satanic-panic.html 6. https://www.npr.org/2021/05/18/997559036/americas-satanic-panic-returns-this-time-through-qanon 7. https://www.senate.mo.gov/LegislativeLibrary/Panic.html 8. https://www.vox.com/culture/22358153/satanic-panic-ritual-abuse-history-conspiracy-theories-explained 9. https://www.aetv.com/real-crime/mcmartin-preschool 10. Ehrman, A. (1976). THE ORIGINS OF THE RITUAL MURDER ACCUSATION AND BLOOD LIBEL. Tradition: A Journal of Orthodox Jewish Thought, 15(4), 83–90. http://www.jstor.org/stable/23258406 11. WAGEMAKERS, B. (2010). INCEST, INFANTICIDE, AND CANNIBALISM: ANTI-CHRISTIAN IMPUTATIONS IN THE ROMAN EMPIRE. Greece & Rome, 57(2), 337–354. http://www.jstor.org/stable/40929483 12. https://www.newyorker.com/news/letter-from-the-southwest/the-enduring-panic-about-cow-mutilations

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Spooky season 2023 continues with this dive in to actual Satanism. It is a lot newer than you might think. Also, there are different kinds of satanism broadly categorized as "theistic" and "atheistic." Are you a stanist? You might become one after this episode... jk

Recommendations
* Abraham: Hail Satan? (documentary; http://www.hailsatanfilm.com/) * Shane: Asohka (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13622776/)

Links:
1. https://thesatanictemple.com/pages/about-us 2. https://www.history.com/topics/religion/satanism#aleister-crowley 3. https://www.abc.net.au/news/2022-11-06/is-satanism-a-religion-of-social-justice/101591462 4. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/satanic-beliefs-criminal-actions 5. https://www.bbc.com/news/entertainment-arts-49392867 6. https://study.com/academy/lesson/satanism-beliefs-types-rituals.html\https://youtu.be/ohGj3BnOVyg?si=rm8q8EIZJCY4-mj6 7. https://www.heavyblogisheavy.com/2017/02/10/the-devils-roots-theistic-satanism-in-metal/

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Welcome to our spooky, Halloween-themed kick-off! We went even more specific than usual and will be talking about Satan the whole month of October. Have you heard of left-hand path magic? Probably in one form or another. We unpack the history of left-hand path, how it is presumed to be used, and how it relates to Satan... if at all.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Yeung Man Cooking (https://yeungmancooking.com/) * Shane: Entombed - Left Hand Path (https://open.spotify.com/album/5nrZejD99ZmAXrmrouIJcU?si=3DwqiNGfSpCytlhx5ZbG0A)

Links:
1. https://online.ucpress.edu/nr/article-abstract/12/4/28/70127/Left-Hand-Path-Magic-and-Animal-Rights?redirectedFrom=PDF 2. https://www.learnreligions.com/left-hand-and-right-hand-paths-95827 3. https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/3/2/389 4. https://www.thedailybeast.com/hitlers-hunt-for-the-holy-grail-and-the-ghent-altarpiece 5. https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/01/12/fbi-satan-mobplot-kill-ted-kennedy-097180 6. https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/fulltext/S1364-6613(08)00177-0 7. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1016/j.religion.2005.07.002

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What does the world look like when you are color deficient? Why are more men color deficient than women? Can glasses really help color deficient people see? Why is it color "deficient" and not color "blind?" These are all of the questions we assume you have and will want to have answered... so that's what we spoke about! Hopefully we were right...

Recommendations
* Abraham: Electric Vehicles * Shane: The Toothsome Chocolate Emporium (https://www.universalorlando.com/web/en/us/things-to-do/dining/toothsome-chocolate-emporium-and-savory-feast-kitchen)

Links and References:
1. https://dictionary.apa.org/color-blindness 2. https://enchroma.com/pages/types-of-color-blindness?gclid=CjwKCAjwr_CnBhA0EiwAci5sih3dqGpr69NVBQcV_zUso4KFsRb40azoPM2OZHqHaaIL-n_t4tClUhoCERwQAvD_BwE (SHANE, CHECK THIS ONE OUT!) 3. https://youtu.be/r8OG0HNLz0w?si=M6APFImtZuiUABib 4. Jonauskaite D, Camenzind L, Parraga CA, Diouf CN, Mercapide Ducommun M, Müller L, Norberg M, Mohr C. 2021. Colour-emotion associations in individuals with red-green colour blindness. PeerJ 9:e11180 https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.11180 5. https://www.aao.org/eye-health/tips-prevention/do-color-blindness-correcting-glasses-work#:~:text=%22Colorblindness%20glasses%20are%20made%20with,Schwab%20says.

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Sorry for Abraham's poor mic quality this episode! It'll be back to normal next time. Why do people become pro wrestlers? Why do people watch professional wrestling? This semi-ancient/semi-recent theatre is underrated for the real risk and exploitation of the performers. But it ropes people in with it's narrative story, athletic performances, and incredible stunts. Listen in for the deep dive into the psychology of professional wrestling.

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David Henry Breaux was a kind, beloved person with a tragic story. In a rare instance of profiling a single individual, we use this inspiring story to talk about what compassion is.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Bros (https://www.uphe.com/movies/bros) * Shane: The Fisherman by John Langan (https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/29901930)

Links:
1. https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/may/03/california-town-mourns-compassion-guy 2. https://www.ted.com/talks/karen_armstrong_my_wish_the_charter_for_compassion?language=en 3. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2023-05-14/two-men-dead-davis-serial-stabbings-how-will-families-cope 4. https://stanfordmag.org/contents/compassion-s-champion 5. https://www.davisenterprise.com/news/crime_fire_courts/updated-man-slain-in-central-park-id-d-as-compassion-guy-david-breaux/article_45452b08-5df6-51ae-b10c-502bb26f120f.html 6. https://www.kcra.com/article/davis-police-activity-reported-in-area-of-central-park/43728061 7. https://www.cbsnews.com/news/david-breaux-davis-california-compassion-bench/ 8. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killing_of_David_Henry_Breaux 9. https://youtu.be/Q2vGPF2Brfo?si=VH0BAstm0Wd3PuBw

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Plant-based food and hygeine products are gaining in popularity. What is behind this trend in vegan leaning? We explain the history of veganism, the names that almost took the place of veganism, critique Peta, and talk about why people do it?

Recommendations
* Abraham: Liquid Death (https://liquiddeath.com/) * Shane: Ringworm - Seeing Through Fire (https://open.spotify.com/album/5dzpqn8zTNW6lMYuiCfTqP?si=DgHdAI4VTWGATZr7NzFGrA)

Links:
1. https://veggiefestchicago.org/famous-vegetarians/ 2. https://thebitingtruth.com/6-types-of-vegetarian-diets-explained/ 3. https://sentientmedia.org/common-misconceptions-about-veganism/ 4. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/vegetarian-diet/art-20046446 5. https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/nutrition-and-healthy-eating/in-depth/vegetarian-diet/art-20046446 6. https://web.archive.org/web/20190528030736/http://www.ukveggie.com/vegan_news/vegan_news_1.pdf 7. https://www.cnet.com/health/nutrition/why-is-the-vegan-diet-so-popular/ 8. https://www.chooseveganism.org/why-do-people-go-vegan/ 9. https://www.greenpeace.org.uk/news/world-cultures-and-religions-plant-based-vegetarian-vegan-diet/#:~:text=Plant%2Dbased%20eating%20is%20deeply,violence%20towards%20all%20living%20things. 10. https://compass.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/soc4.12877 11. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1440-172X.2006.00580.x 12. https://onehome.org.uk/topics/food-and-drink/diet/11-surprising-facts-about-veganism/ 13. https://www.colorado.edu/ecenter/2021/03/18/meatless-mondays-less-meat-less-heat#:~:text=The%20Significance%20of%20Eating%20Plant,and%20maintaining%20a%20healthy%20weight!

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The conditions of slavery, the current state of modern slavery, and other things we need to talk about. Check out our conclusion to this dicussion.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Schindler’s List (https://www.universalpictures.com/movies/schindlers-list) * Shane: W.E.B. Du Bois’s work (https://www.britannica.com/biography/W-E-B-Du-Bois)

Links:
1. https://youtu.be/Ajn9g5Gsv98 2. https://restavekfreedom.org/2018/09/11/the-history-of-slavery/ 3. https://www.hull.ac.uk/work-with-us/more/media-centre/news/2020/sailors-were-appalled-by-conditions-on-slave-ships#:~:text=The%20terrible%20conditions%20for%20those,and%20poor%20ventilation%20below%20deck. 4. https://freetheslaves.net/slavery-today-2/slavery-in-history/ 5. https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/08/19/magazine/history-slavery-smithsonian.html 6. https://www.ushistory.org/us/22b.asp 7. https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2018/04/30/how-american-racism-influenced-hitler 8. https://www.history.com/topics/black-history/slavery 9. https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/slavery-in-history/

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As new policies are attempting to revise history by rebranding slavery in a more flattering manner, we decided to review the history of slavery to get a retrospective analysis of this practice. We pull no punches in our discussion about what slavery entailed and how it developed.
WARNING: Contains topics that some listeners may find upsetting (torture, child abuse, sexual assault)

Recommendations
* Abraham: Dawn Platinum EZ Squeeze https://dawn-dish.com/en-us/products/dawn-platinum-ez-squeeze-refreshing-rain-scent/ * Shane: TMNT: Mutant Mayhem (https://www.teenagemutantninjaturtlesmovie.com/)

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From the archive, we have dusted off this old discussion in which we explain how Asperger Syndrome came and went. Further, we provide a few updates on things that have happened since this episode published, including a serious revelation about Dr. Hans Asperger himself...

Recommendations
* Abraham: Garlic Festivals * Shane: The Bear (https://www.fxnetworks.com/shows/the-bear)

Links:
Barahona-Corrêa, J. B., & Filipe, C. N. (2016). A Concise History of Asperger Syndrome: The Short Reign of a Troublesome Diagnosis. Frontiers in psychology, 6*, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.02024 * https://www.autism.org.uk/advice-and-guidance/what-is-autism/the-history-of-autism/asperger-syndrome * https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/new-evidence-ties-hans-asperger-nazi-eugenics-program/ * https://molecularautism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13229-018-0208-6

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Divine gift? Neurological breakdown? Sims? No matter what you think is the attributible variable, speaking in tongues involves humans doing things, and therefore falls into the realm of psychology and into our diabolically skeptical hands. We explore the facts and features of speaking in tongues and its history.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Chumajor 6-in-one dog seat cover for your car (https://www.amazon.com/Waterproof-Scratchproof-Nonslip-Covers-Backseat/dp/B09PQVC4Y5) * Shane: Bubbie’s Plant Burgers and Fizz (https://www.bubbiesburgers.com/)

Links:
1. https://www.britannica.com/topic/glossolalia 2. https://www.apostolic.edu/speaking-in-tongues-throughout-history/ 3. https://charlesasullivan.com/16993/speaking-in-tongues-worldwide/ 4. https://www.vicetv.com/en_us/video/speaking-in-tongues-excerpt/56cb727360f96b5e606f20e9 5. https://www.wikihow.com/Speak-in-Tongues 6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5748000/ 7. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/07/health/07brain.html 8. https://www.science.org/content/article/tongues-mind 9. https://medium.com/healthy-skepticism/strange-facts-about-speaking-in-tongues-280ba69508a 10. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2006/10/061030183100.htm 11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7174730/ 12. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22871041/ 13. https://www.latimes.com/entertainment/sns-la-et-mg-megan-fox-esquire-20130115-story.html

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Have you heard of the mental diagnosis that literally causes death? Or, at least that is what some would like you to believe. We uncover the conspiracy of neurobabble pseudoscience used to justify thousands of murders every year. Join on us on our debunking mission.

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Out-Laws (https://www.netflix.com/title/81193794) * Shane: Chamber - A Love to Kill For (https://open.spotify.com/album/78lMWOIljykkcV0WucWMpj?si=HJPIHIp6TRiIW5o4m9Up1w)

Links:
1. https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/excited-delirium#:~:text=The%20term%20'excited%20delirium'%20has,unexpected%20physical%20strength%2C%20and%20hyperthermia. 2. https://youtu.be/aht7lH_LpFc 3. https://phr.org/our-work/resources/excited-delirium/ 4. https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/east-bay/angelo-quinto-antioch-death-investigation/2997166/ 5. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7283219/ 6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5061757/ 7. https://www.jems.com/administration-and-leadership/excited-delirium-strikes-witho/ 8. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/1556-4029.15101 9. https://www.disabilityrightsca.org/system/files?file=file-attachments/701801.pdf 10. https://www.floridatoday.com/in-depth/news/2019/10/24/excited-delirium-custody-deaths-gregory-edwards-melbourne-taser/2374304001/ 11. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4461039/#:~:text=We%20estimate%20that%2014.3%25%20of,are%20attributable%20to%20mental%20disorders. 12. https://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/east-bay/angelo-quinto-antioch-death-investigation/2997166/ 13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30543613/

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There are a few things we all have in common as humans, and one of those is that we all have a naked body at some point. Some people make that "some point" most of the time. We explore nudism, where it came from, where it is, and why people do it. Nudists, we salute you!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Is It Cake? (Season 2; https://www.netflix.com/title/81333845) * Shane: Jaye Jayle - Don’t Let Your Love Life Get You Down (https://jayejayle.bandcamp.com/album/dont-let-your-love-life-get-you-down)

Links:
1. https://www.oregonlive.com/entertainment/2015/06/why_be_naked.html 2. https://www.cbc.ca/radio/day6/episode-240-memorial-to-the-victims-of-communism-stripped-naked-at-lunch-redefining-autism-more-1.3127460/the-naked-truth-about-nudists-1.3127522 3. https://thebullamarillo.com/theres-more-to-being-a-nudistnaturist-than-you-think/ 4. https://www.aanr.com/aanr_articles/the-history-of-nudism/ 5. https://naturistsholiday.wordpress.com/2016/12/09/why-be-or-become-a-nudist-here-are-the-top-10-reasons/ 6. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/culture/article/the-skinny-on-nudism-in-the-us 7. https://www.thrillist.com/entertainment/nation/everything-you-ve-ever-wondered-about-nudist-clubs-answered 8. https://www.bodyandsoul.com.au/beauty/body/why-i-love-being-nude-the-health-benefits-of-being-a-nudist/news-story/fbbade7601de6fc8c8c09a29725d69ed 9. https://factrepublic.com/facts/2377/ 10. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/victorian-table-legs-covering-myth 11. https://www.newsbytesapp.com/news/world/what-is-nudism-why-do-people-practice-it/story

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Killer whales have been making the news lately for attcking boats. This is particularly notable because they seem to have spread this trend to other orcas. But orcas have been demonstrating a few interesting difficult-to-explain trends since people have started paying attention. We describe what orcas have been doing, why it's interesting, and what we understand about it so far.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Jury Duty (https://www.amazon.com/Jury-Duty-Season-1/dp/B0B8JM2BBS) * Shane: Muscles & Mayhem: An Unauthorized Story of American Gladiators (https://www.netflix.com/title/81462151)

Links:
1. https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/head-to-head-orca-vs-great-white-shark/ 2. https://movementecologyjournal.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s40462-017-0094-0 3. https://hswri.org/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwwISlBhD6ARIsAESAmp6Xvm1Z5XmAWbDCOnUdY9qRS7avBr1P09Pv1WpWyAfRdh-v7iynXNQaAldDEALw_wcB 4. https://cascadiaresearch.org/user_page/foraging-behavior-and-ecology-transient-killer-whales-orcinus-orca/ 5. https://www.whaleresearch.com/orca-behaviors 6. https://www.killer-whale.org/killer-whale-social-structure/ 7. https://www.atlasobscura.com/articles/killer-whale-orca-trends 8. https://www.discovermagazine.com/planet-earth/attacking-boats-may-be-a-new-social-trend-for-juvenile-orcas 9. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/understanding-orca-culture-12494696/ 10. https://www.iflscience.com/in-1987-orcas-had-a-fashion-of-wearing-a-dead-salmon-as-a-hat-69542 11. https://www.livescience.com/animals/orcas/orcas-have-sunk-3-boats-in-europe-and-appear-to-be-teaching-others-to-do-the-same-but-why 12. https://a-z-animals.com/blog/discover-why-scientists-believe-killer-whales-are-attacking-boats-on-purpose/ 13. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s40617-022-00719-3 14. https://us.whales.org/whales-dolphins/species-guide/?gclid=Cj0KCQjwwISlBhD6ARIsAESAmp7EGWXdAAMLFOpMbJBFfR8KH0hO8JeTwc4Hymd-MxeVfLLwOHRwbaAaAiWhEALw_wcB 15. https://www.wwf.org.uk/learn/fascinating-facts/orcas 16. https://seaworld.org/animals/facts/mammals/killer-whale/ 17. https://www.science.org/content/article/seaworld-stops-breeding-orcas-what-are-impacts-research 18. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/from-ramming-boats-to-hunting-great-white-sharks-five-astounding-orca-behaviors-180982510/ 19. https://www.cbs8.com/article/news/local/video-shows-pod-of-30-killer-whales-playing/509-32c1c223-e1b4-4469-864d-336ed5140984

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Your tongue is special. It might taste a lot or a very little. Some people have extra super-sensitive tongues packed with many taste receptor cells and they can taste flavors that other people can't detect at all. These are the super tasters! How does it work? Why do some people have it? How can you test yourself? Find out here.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Zelda: Tears of the Kingdom (https://www.nintendo.com/store/products/the-legend-of-zelda-tears-of-the-kingdom-switch/) * Shane: Kingsman: The Secret Service (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingsman:_The_Secret_Service)

Links and Resources:
1. Hayes, J. E., & Keast, R. S. (2011). Two decades of supertasting: where do we stand?. Physiology & behavior, 104(5), 1072–1074. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2011.08.003 2. Wooding S. (2006). Phenylthiocarbamide: a 75-year adventure in genetics and natural selection. Genetics, 172(4), 2015–2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/genetics/172.4.2015 3. Bartoshuk LM, et al. PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil) supertasters and the saltiness of NaCl. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1998;855:793–6 4. Bartoshuk LM, et al. Supertasting, earaches and head injury: genetics and pathology alter our taste worlds. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 1996;20(1):79–87 5. https://www.thecut.com/article/picky-eater-you-might-be-a-supertaster.html 6. https://youtu.be/jExqPBLgf-o 7. https://youtu.be/3_TGrh-x5i4 8. https://youtu.be/W7Pzhvypg9A 9. https://youtu.be/aroNLSRzeno

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This is a rerun and update of our episode on the polygraph. Originally recorded in 2017, we wanted to see what new research has happened since our original publication. Spoiler: They still don't work, Listen in to learn more.
]Links and references
1. htpss://axeligence.com/applicant-consultants-on-polygraph-test-accuracy/#:~:text=Some%20studies%20have%20shown%20that,98%25%20for%20each%20test%20taken. 2. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6654171/ 3. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1365712720983929 4. Kotsoglou, K. N. (2021). Zombie forensics: the use of the polygraph and the integrity of the criminal justice system in England and Wales. The International Journal of Evidence & Proof, 25(1), 16–35. https://doi.org/10.1177/1365712720983929

Recommendations
* Abraham: BSI/BFSR SIG (https://bfsr.abainternational.org/) * Shane: Old Man Gloom - Meditations in B (https://open.spotify.com/album/3AaVZrcmpub9g5FWuokOhE?si=sGRsKPhYR1KfFnRRSIfD2Q)

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One of the most enduring theories of choice-making is the behavioral economics model called "Prospect Theory." People tend to avoid risk twice as much as work for reward. Unless you were raised somewhere other than Western culture. How does this apply to things beyond decision making? We'll replace one of your Psych 101 classes with this theory you should know.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Black Mirror (season 6; https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2085059/episodes/?mode=desktop&ref_=m_ft_dsk) * Shane: The Martian (Book AND Movie; https://www.20thcenturystudios.com/movies/the-martian)

Links:
1. https://youtu.be/sM91d5I36Po 2. https://time.com/6145596/2022-winter-olympics-bronze-silver-medals-happiness/ 3. Medvec, V. H., Madey, S. F., & Gilovich, T. (1995). When less is more: counterfactual thinking and satisfaction among Olympic medalists. Journal of personality and social psychology, 69(4), 603–610. https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.69.4.603 4. https://www.nber.org/system/files/working_papers/w18621/w18621.pdf 5. http://psych.fullerton.edu/mbirnbaum/psych466/articles/Tversky_Kahneman_JRU_92.pdf 6. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cb.1779#:~:text=A%20major%20limitation%20of%20prospect,to%20adopt%20a%20single%20prospect. 7. https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/capital-markets/prospect-theory/ 8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S014829631000189X

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Homeowner Associations (HOAs) are (mostly) involuntary paid memberships into systems that can regulate nearly everything about your home and life around your home. Any deviation from those regulations, real or perceived, can be met with fines, a lien on your house, mortgage takeover, and threats of jail time. Where did this sadistic practice horror come from? Racism, of course. Listen in to our deep dive into the dumpster fire that is HOAs.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Escape Rooms * Shane: Stephen King short stories (Collections: Everything’s Eventual, Night Shift)

Links:
1. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/homeowners-association-fee-hoa.asp#:~:text=HOA%20fees%20tend%20to%20vary,amenities%2C%20the%20higher%20the%20fees. 2. https://www.realestatenews.com/2023/02/15/most-new-homes-for-sale-are-in-an-hoa-do-buyers-care 3. https://hoa-usa.com/about/#:~:text=There%20are%20over%20370%2C000%20homeowner,homeowner%20association%20boards%20and%20committees. 4. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/08/17/realestate/what-is-redlining.html 5. https://www.buzzfeed.com/meganeliscomb/annoying-hoa-stories 6. https://www.familyhandyman.com/list/homeowner-association-horror-stories/ 7. https://www.buzzfeed.com/meganeliscomb/petty-hoa-stories 8. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qrizmAo17Os

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A few times through history a large crowd of people stopped everything they were doing and just started dancing... Sometimes until the dancing resulted in serious injury. Why did they do this? We explore the known and unknown about the dancing plagues!

Recommendations
* Abraham: Ted Lasso Season 3 (https://tv.apple.com/us/show/ted-lasso/umc.cmc.vtoh0mn0xn7t3c643xqonfzy) * Shane: Spider-Man - Across the Spiderverse (https://www.acrossthespiderverse.movie/)

Links:
1. https://www.thelancet.com/article/S0140-6736(09)60386-X/fulltext 2. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/strange-case-dancing-mania-struck-germany-six-centuries-ago-today-180959549/ 3. https://familydoctor.org/condition/mass-psychogenic-illness/#:~:text=What%20is%20mass%20psychogenic%20illness,or%20a%20toxin%20(poison). 4. https://www.verywellmind.com/understanding-groupthink-2671595 5. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0020764018766185 6. https://karger.com/sad/article/5/5/320/291347/Post-Finasteride-Syndrome-An-Induced-Delusional 7. https://www.historyhit.com/1374-dancing-mania-strikes-aachen/

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Video games often depict graphic violence, gore, and other behaviors that would be considered extremely inappropriate, immoral, and illegal. What effect does this have on the players who control these actions? Politicians point to these games as influencing the violent crimes that people commit. Fortunately, there is a lot of research so we got to the bottom of this controversial idea.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Guardians of the Galaxy vol: 3 (https://movies.disney.com/guardians-of-the-galaxy-vol-3) * Shane: Zelda: A Link to the Past (https://www.ign.com/games/the-legend-of-zelda-a-link-to-the-past)

Links and References:
1. https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/donald-trump/fact-check-trump-suggests-video-games-blame-mass-shootings-n1039411 2. https://www.nbcnews.com/news/us-news/here-s-what-we-know-about-links-between-video-games-n852776 3. https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/pdf/10.1098/rsos.171474 4. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2018/01/180116131317.htm 5. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/soej.12139 6. Markey, P. M., Markey, C. N., & French, J. E. (2015). Violent video games and real-world violence: Rhetoric versus data. Psychology of Popular Media Culture, 4(4), 277–295. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000030 7. https://finance.yahoo.com/news/stanford-researchers-scoured-every-reputable-163528766.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAACJYI_G5bXmqGia5OeGDdwx9t1lJQQfLw_Pnj6hmbzUA2ALHnjQ5zLTuySR43KU1fVoG5TJM0nBbw2a792cvwRzh2GCd0I27apGiiuLwB0A6GJkAS0MAAW7qVHbDYuuyBHryp_mM8Wt_ECtFK8sDBC2lol__C9JI0N-QQ6d6Gmhj 8. https://www.chconline.org/resourcelibrary/study-confirms-link-between-violent-video-games-and-physical-aggression/?utm_source=google_cpc&utm_medium=paid_search&utm_campaign=dsa&utm_term=&gclid=CjwKCAjw36GjBhAkEiwAKwIWyYgUBFVBG_2Zv0O8K3w__SChwAo9DfNczvG9pxfALDx3PWMjRccQJxoCWdwQAvD_BwE 9. David Zendle, Daniel Kudenko, Paul Cairns. Behavioural realism and the activation of aggressive concepts in violent video games. Entertainment Computing, 2018; 24: 21 DOI: 10.1016/j.entcom.2017.10.003 10. https://youtu.be/m2Jq7vPxYGg 11. https://youtu.be/qwv_wTUNwLs 12. https://youtu.be/-ixUGwk6IC8 13. https://youtu.be/wzaI3IsCuko

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"Tough on Crime" has been a popular rallying cry in the US for some time. However, what does this actually mean? Further, how does it impact the behavior of would-be criminals? We explore the "toughh on crime" policies with a critical eye.

Recommendations:
Abraham: Penn and Teller: Fool Us (https://www.facebook.com/PennandTellerFoolUs/) [bonus: fight wars using paintballs]* * Shane: Elvis by Baz Luhrman (https://elvis.warnerbros.com/)

Links and resources:
1. https://www.urban.org/sites/default/files/publication/70411/307337-Did-Getting-Tough-on-Crime-Pay-.pdf 2. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/failure-get-tough-crime-policy 3. https://innocenceproject.org/news/tough-on-crime-policies-are-at-odds-with-the-presumption-of-innocence/ 4. https://www.brennancenter.org/our-work/analysis-opinion/history-mass-incarceration 5. https://www.owu.edu/news-media/from-our-perspective/tough-questions-for-tough-on-crime-policies/ 6. https://www.justicestrategies.org/sites/default/files/Judy/GettingToughOnCrime.pdf 7. https://www.prisonpolicy.org/global/2021.html?gclid=Cj0KCQjwmN2iBhCrARIsAG_G2i5zd0_kGV7EMd4dp9GaypbmHnJ5zjx6k-iepScDj2Lt9u5Ct20dkd0aAmgREALw_wcB 8. https://bjs.ojp.gov/library/publications/jail-inmates-2021-statistical-tables#:~:text=At%20midyear%202021%2C%20about%2049,of%20the%20total%20jail%20population. 9. https://www.bop.gov/about/statistics/statistics_inmate_race.jsp 10. https://www.ncsl.org/civil-and-criminal-justice/principles-of-effective-state-sentencing-and-corrections-policy 11. https://www.sentencingproject.org/fact-sheet/top-trends-in-criminal-justice-reform-2022/ 12. https://www.factretriever.com/prison-facts#:~:text=Just%2023%25%20of%20released%20prisoners%20stay%20out%20of%20prison.&text=African%20Americans%20are%20sent%20to,to%20be%20sent%20to%20prison.&text=The%20United%20States%20prison%20system%20costs%20an%20estimated%20%2480%20billion%20per%20year. 13. https://www.prisonlegalnews.org/news/2020/oct/1/new-study-shows-tough-crime-generation-spent-more-time-prison-despite-falling-crime-rate/

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Rats have been a source of much rage and fear for their various behaviors and disease-carrying proclivities. But they are an impressive evolutionary smelling machine and pretty easy to train. Researchers have trained rats to use their remarkable sense of smell for a variety of heroic deeds that are saving many human lives. These are their stories... dun dun.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Saosin (self-titled) https://music.apple.com/us/artist/saosin/28673579 * Shane: Heretics of Dune (https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/303821/heretics-of-dune-by-frank-herbert/)

Links:
1. https://www.discovery.com/nature/rats-are-being-trained-to-rescue-earthquake-survivors- 2. La Londe, et al. (2014) - Training pouched rats to find people. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 48(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.181 3. https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/giant-rats-trained-sniff-out-tuberculosis-africa/ 4. Poling, A., Weetjens, B., Cox, C., Beyene, N., Durgin, A., & Mahoney, A. (2011). Tuberculosis detection by giant african pouched rats. The Behavior analyst, 34(1), 47–54. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03392234 5. https://www.theguardian.com/science/2016/feb/23/rats-who-sniff-out-tubersulosis 6. Kanaan, R., Farkas, N., Hegyi, P., Soós, A., Hegyi, D., Németh, K., Horváth, O., Tenk, J., Mikó, A., Szentesi, A., Balaskó, M., Szakács, Z., Vasas, A., Csupor, D., & Gyöngyi, Z. (2021). Rats sniff out pulmonary tuberculosis from sputum: a diagnostic accuracy meta-analysis. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1877. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81086-x

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Scientology is one of the newer religions in the world. And, although you have probably heard a lot about them, they are pretty small in number. Why did we choose to take on this litigious behemoth? Because they are staunchly anti-psychology while claiming to be science. Ripe for the plucking.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Bob’s Burgers (https://www.fox.com/bobs-burgers/) * Shane: John Mulhaney “Baby J” (https://www.netflix.com/title/81619082)

Links and References:
1. Tom Cruise Interview: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tFgF1JPNR5E 2. https://www.masterclass.com/articles/what-is-a-cult 3. https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Fishman/time-behar.html 4. https://www.theguardian.com/world/2011/apr/23/try-to-leave-church-scientology-lawrence-wright 5. https://penntoday.upenn.edu/news/it-cult-or-new-religious-movement 6. https://www.irishtimes.com/opinion/is-scientology-a-dangerous-cult-1.917839 7. https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-news/pictures/leah-reminis-battle-with-scientology-through-the-years/ 8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3856510/ 9. https://daily.jstor.org/scholars-on-scientology/ 10. https://soundideas.pugetsound.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1029&context=relics 11. https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/scientology-children-second-generation-846732/ 12. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6291212/ 13. https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/nij/grants/214438.pdf 14. https://www.pasadenanow.com/main/how-jack-parsons-and-the-suicide-squad-created-a-new-paradigm-in-rocketry 15. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315598086-9/scientology-auditing-eric-roux 16. https://www.cs.cmu.edu/~dst/Secrets/E-Meter/biophysics.html#:~:text=An%20E%2Dmeter%20is%20a,relative%20to%20a%20standard%20resistance.

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Compulsory, ritualistic pledging an oath of fealty to a leader or government's flag sounds like something you might see in an oppressive tyranical government. Indeed, there are a few countries that currently require school children and government officials to recite a daily pledge of loyalty to their government. Are you in one of them? In this discussion we explore the history of the ritual pledge of allegiance in the United States, the purpose of this practice, and what other countries do it.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Murder Mystery 2 (https://www.netflix.com/title/81212842) * Shane: Renfield (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt11358390/)

Links and References:
1. https://www.upcounsel.com/lectl-the-strange-origin-of-the-pledge-of-allegiance 2. https://csglobalpartners.com/resources/what-is-an-oath-of-allegiance/ 3. https://theweek.com/articles/852114/pledge-allegiance-not-normal 4. https://www.ushistory.org/documents/pledge.htm 5. https://www.currentaffairs.org/2018/06/i-cant-believe-they-still-make-students-recite-the-pledge-of-allegiance 6. https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/19/us/pledge-of-allegiance-explainer-trnd/index.html 7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qf6D2MSAqoc 8. https://thehill.com/homenews/3256719-47-states-require-the-pledge-of-allegiance-be-recited-in-schools-here-is-a-breakdown-of-each-states-laws/ 9. https://reason.com/2023/02/23/arizona-house-passes-a-bill-that-would-force-children-to-say-the-pledge-of-allegiance/ 10. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/04/02/us/pledge-of-allegiance-francis-bellamy.html

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First aired in November 2017, what has happened in the world of consciousness since this episode? Both a lot and somehow very little. As always, the definition is very important, and as always, a few "new" ideas of what that definition should be have been proposed. What do you think about it? Did this discussion influence you?

Recommendations
Abraham: Love, Death, and Robots (Netflix; https://www.netflix.com/title/80174608)
Shane: John Wick

Links and References:
* https://www.news-medical.net/news/20230109/Study-opens-a-new-view-about-the-science-of-consciousness.aspx#:~:text=Recent%20research%20suggests%20that%20there's,and%20wakefulness%20has%20been%20elusive.

https://consciousness.med.umich.edu/
https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-have-developed-a-new-explanation-for-consciousness/#:~:text=%E2%80%9CIn%20a%20nutshell%2C%20our%20theory,%2C%20MD%2C%20professor%20of%20neurology.
“Consciousness as a Memory System” by Andrew E. Budson, MD, Kenneth A. Richman, Ph.D., Elizabeth A. Kensinger, Ph.D., 3 October 2022, Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology. DOI: 10.1097/WNN.0000000000000319

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Wokeism has a much longer history than you might think and its original meaning has been appropriated and obfuscated beyond recognition. We break down the defintiion, the current application, and level a critical lens at "woke" culture. Warning: We discuss a few awful people doing awful things.
Vocab: Pejorative.

Recommendations:
* Abraham: Weird: The Al Yankovic Story (https://therokuchannel.roku.com/lp/weird) * Shane: Samiam - Stowaway (https://open.spotify.com/album/5EZd3zQ30PFR9Xtbcbp0EU?si=o-wT0RWXQOWCcog4WL0EtQ)

Links and References:
1. https://www.vox.com/culture/21437879/stay-woke-wokeness-history-origin-evolution-controversy 2. https://www.nationalworld.com/whats-on/arts-and-entertainment/what-does-woke-mean-definition-woke-culture-2023-3215758 3. https://www.mtsu.edu/first-amendment/article/2167/stop-w-o-k-e-act 4. https://scholarworks.uttyler.edu/dsjel/vol2/iss3/1/ 5. https://shareok.org/handle/11244/326817 6. https://formationreimagined.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/Church-membership-has-fallen-below-the-majority-for-the-first-time-The-Washington-Post.pdf 7. https://diversity.social/wokeism-woke-culture/

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Swearing involves the use of taboo words considered coarse, blasphemous, or otherwise unacceptable in polite or formal speech to accentuate a statement. Contrary to the myth that frequent swearing reflects a poverty of vocabulary, research shows that people who use taboo words tend to have larger vocabularies and higher verbal fluency. Swearing serves different functions like expressing emotions, creating humor, and constructing identity. Additionally, some researchers believe swearing can provide stress relief in upsetting situations, like when one stubs their toe.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves (https://www.dungeonsanddragons.movie/) * Shane: Baseball: A History of America’s Favorite Game by Greg Vecsey (https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/90596)

Links and References:
1. https://people.howstuffworks.com/backward-evolution-swear-words.htm 2. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2015/06/26/2ba794c6-1abc-11e5-ab92-c75ae6ab94b5_story.html 3. https://www.proquest.com/openview/c9bc23a0134b3d738b563383c931be06/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=31040 4. https://pure.ulster.ac.uk/ws/files/86158666/Swearing_and_perceptions_of_the_speaker.pdf 5. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kd-Sa_3iBVA 6. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SAkPudcbNz0 7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e1F90W40t6g 8. https://list.co.uk/news/9980/interview-jim-jefferies-im-the-rosa-parks-of-cnt 9. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/2001/01/20/station-fined-for-playing-the-whole-slim-shady/6bf0d192-4e57-4341-96cd-ae4c5534f86c/ 10. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S038800011400151X 11. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00723/full 12. https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13423-022-02202-0 13. https://word.tips/us-states-curse-words-map/

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In this third and final installment of our discussion about Facilitated Communication, we explain why Facilitated Communication is not only ineffective, it is actively harmful, even fatally. Facilitated Communication is dangerous and does not work.
WARNING: This episode contains discussions of sexual abuse and violence.

Recommendations
* Rick and Morty season 6 (https://www.adultswim.com/videos/rick-and-morty/solaricks) * Shane: Evolve Modern Vegan Kitchen (https://www.evolvemodernvegankitchen.com/)

Links and References
1. https://neuroclastic.com/logical-fallacies/ 2. https://www.asha.org/policy/ps2018-00352/ 3. https://www.facilitatedcommunication.org/organizations-opposing-fc 4. Jacobson, J. W., Mulick, J. A., & Schwartz, A. A. (1995). A history of facilitated communication: Science, pseudoscience, and antiscience science working group on facilitated communication. American Psychologist, 50(9), 750–765. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.9.750 5. https://raisingchildren.net.au/autism/therapies-guide/facilitated-communication#:~:text=Facilitated%20communication%20is%20based%20on,they%20can%20use%20these%20tools. 6. https://notanautismmom.com/2022/01/04/asha-position-statement-fc-rpm/ 7. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/01/02/autism-center-specialist-autistic-symptoms-spectrum-disorder-spell-to-communicate/4077034002/ 8. https://i-asc.org/ 9. https://www.facilitatedcommunication.org/ 10. https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/How-COVID-19-has-changed-the-culture-of-science/99/i3 11. https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/facilitated-communication-is-still-pseudoscience/ 12. https://behavioralobservations.com/what-is-facilitated-communication-session-199-with-jason-travers/ 13. https://www.theskepticsguide.org/podcasts/episode-876 14. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/01/02/autism-center-specialist-autistic-symptoms-spectrum-disorder-spell-to-communicate/4077034002/ 15. https://theconversation.com/its-time-to-stop-exposing-people-to-the-dangers-of-facilitated-communication-95942#:~:text=FC%20can%20mask%20the%20true,for%20sex%2C%20or%20other%20crimes. 16. Thompson, T. (1994). Review of Communication Unbound by Douglas Biklen. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 98, 670-673. 17. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/pseudoscience/who-doing-pointing-when-communication-facilitated 18. https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/How-COVID-19-has-changed-the-culture-of-science/99/i3

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The follow-up to the history of Facilitated Communication. How can we determine if the messages typed by an individual with little or no previous language experience is coming from them or their facilitator? Simply. This episode describes the experiments that cleverly demonstrated the nature of the Facilitated Communication dynamic. It was very one-sided. Only one-sided in fact. Check out part two of the FC trilogy.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Join a Book Club * Shane: Transmetropolitan (https://www.dc.com/graphic-novels/transmetropolitan-1997/transmetropolitan-book-one)

Links and References
1. https://neuroclastic.com/logical-fallacies/ 2. https://www.asha.org/policy/ps2018-00352/ 3. https://www.facilitatedcommunication.org/organizations-opposing-fc 4. Jacobson, J. W., Mulick, J. A., & Schwartz, A. A. (1995). A history of facilitated communication: Science, pseudoscience, and antiscience science working group on facilitated communication. American Psychologist, 50(9), 750–765. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.9.750 5. https://raisingchildren.net.au/autism/therapies-guide/facilitated-communication#:~:text=Facilitated%20communication%20is%20based%20on,they%20can%20use%20these%20tools. 6. https://notanautismmom.com/2022/01/04/asha-position-statement-fc-rpm/ 7. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/01/02/autism-center-specialist-autistic-symptoms-spectrum-disorder-spell-to-communicate/4077034002/ 8. https://i-asc.org/ 9. https://www.facilitatedcommunication.org/ 10. https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/How-COVID-19-has-changed-the-culture-of-science/99/i3 11. https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/facilitated-communication-is-still-pseudoscience/ 12. https://behavioralobservations.com/what-is-facilitated-communication-session-199-with-jason-travers/ 13. https://www.theskepticsguide.org/podcasts/episode-876 14. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/01/02/autism-center-specialist-autistic-symptoms-spectrum-disorder-spell-to-communicate/4077034002/ 15. https://theconversation.com/its-time-to-stop-exposing-people-to-the-dangers-of-facilitated-communication-95942#:~:text=FC%20can%20mask%20the%20true,for%20sex%2C%20or%20other%20crimes. 16. Thompson, T. (1994). Review of Communication Unbound by Douglas Biklen. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 98, 670-673. 17. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/pseudoscience/who-doing-pointing-when-communication-facilitated 18. https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/How-COVID-19-has-changed-the-culture-of-science/99/i3

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Being as charitable and honest as we can, facilitate communication is an ineffective pseudoscience. We explore the history, the claims, and a careful discussion of the general procedures. We handle this first discussion gently. Next episode, the gloves come off.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Vindication (board game; https://www.orangenebula.com/product/vindication/) * Shane: Everything Everywhere All At Once (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6710474/)

Links:
1. https://neuroclastic.com/logical-fallacies/ 2. https://www.asha.org/policy/ps2018-00352/ 3. https://www.facilitatedcommunication.org/organizations-opposing-fc 4. Jacobson, J. W., Mulick, J. A., & Schwartz, A. A. (1995). A history of facilitated communication: Science, pseudoscience, and antiscience science working group on facilitated communication. American Psychologist, 50(9), 750–765. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.50.9.750 5. https://raisingchildren.net.au/autism/therapies-guide/facilitated-communication#:~:text=Facilitated%20communication%20is%20based%20on,they%20can%20use%20these%20tools. 6. https://notanautismmom.com/2022/01/04/asha-position-statement-fc-rpm/ 7. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/01/02/autism-center-specialist-autistic-symptoms-spectrum-disorder-spell-to-communicate/4077034002/ 8. https://i-asc.org/ 9. https://www.facilitatedcommunication.org/ 10. https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/How-COVID-19-has-changed-the-culture-of-science/99/i3 11. https://sciencebasedmedicine.org/facilitated-communication-is-still-pseudoscience/ 12. https://behavioralobservations.com/what-is-facilitated-communication-session-199-with-jason-travers/ 13. https://www.theskepticsguide.org/podcasts/episode-876 14. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/education/2020/01/02/autism-center-specialist-autistic-symptoms-spectrum-disorder-spell-to-communicate/4077034002/ 15. https://theconversation.com/its-time-to-stop-exposing-people-to-the-dangers-of-facilitated-communication-95942#:~:text=FC%20can%20mask%20the%20true,for%20sex%2C%20or%20other%20crimes. 16. Thompson, T. (1994). Review of Communication Unbound by Douglas Biklen. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 98, 670-673. 17. https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/pseudoscience/who-doing-pointing-when-communication-facilitated 18. https://cen.acs.org/biological-chemistry/infectious-disease/How-COVID-19-has-changed-the-culture-of-science/99/i3

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Seizure alert animals, like dogs, help during and after seizures and require training and upkeep. They aren't just pets and may stay with their owner for 8-9 years. The animals recognize seizures through sudden shifts in behavior and intense pacing, whining, or licking. Researchers also explore capturing seizure-associated scents. So, if you see a dog licking you intensely, it might be detecting something more exciting than just sweat or crumbs.

Recommendations
* Abraham: We Have a Ghost (https://www.netflix.com/title/80230619) * Shane: The Stand (So Far; https://stephenking.com/works/novel/stand.html)

Links
How to Train a Seizure Alert Dog - Medical Mutts Service Dogs Inc.
Seizure Alert Dogs | Epilepsy Foundation
Seizure Alert Service Dogs | Epilepsy Warning Dogs | CPL(k94life.org)
*Dog alerting and/or responding to epileptic seizures: A scoping review(nih.gov)

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A highly controversial speculative hypothesis. Julian Jaynes read ancient texts and arrived at a unique and wholly original hypothesis: Our ancestors did not have consciousness. He reasoned that their brains did not work in concert as ours do today and instead they "hear" the messages from one hemisphere as the ethereal voice of gods. Is there evidence for this? Have we learned something knew about human psychology? We weigh in on the relatively utility of Jaynes' bicameral mind, for what it's worth.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Track your miles per gallon * Shane: Gift cards

Links:
1. https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1977/5/12/the-lonely-odyssey-of-julian-jaynes/ 2. https://www.julianjaynes.org/about/about-jaynes-theory/overview/ 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch? 4. https://www.academia.edu/7100194/Julian_Jaynes_and_the_Promise_of_the_Other_Psychology_Cultural_Historical_Approaches_to_Psyche 5. https://youtu.be/ll12kPSi1Xc

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The royal "you" feel high, that is. Many if not most people understand that THC is the primary chemical in cannabis respnosible for the effect of feeling "high." But what is happening in oury brain to produce this sensation? How does it work and why? We explore the history of this weird plant, the chemical process and neural mechanisms responsible for its effect, and a variety of other topics related to cannabis. Whether or not you partake, there is a lot of interesting information for everyone.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Ant-man and the Wasp: Quantumania (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10954600/) * Shane: Ant-Man and the Wasp: Quantumania

Links and Resources:
1. https://www.history.com/topics/crime/history-of-marijuana#:~:text=Marijuana%2C%20also%20known%20as%20cannabis,hemp%20for%20textiles%20and%20rope. 2. Crocq M. A. (2020). History of cannabis and the endocannabinoid system�. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience, 22(3), 223–228. https://doi.org/10.31887/DCNS.2020.22.3/mcrocq 3. https://www.news-medical.net/health/Cannabinoid-Receptors.aspx#:~:text=In%20the%20brain%2C%20the%20CB1,pain%20regulation%20and%20motor%20control. 4. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/how-does-marijuana-produce-its-effects#:~:text=Like%20most%20other%20drugs%20that,response%20to%20natural%20rewarding%20stimuli. 5. https://www.leafly.com/news/cannabis-101/why-does-cannabis-make-you-feel-good 6. https://blog.cannabisclinics.ca/new-to-cannabis/why-does-cannabis-make-us-euphoric/ 7. https://interestingengineering.com/science/marijuana-makes-some-people-feel-euphoria-and-others-extreme-paranoia 8. https://nida.nih.gov/publications/research-reports/marijuana/marijuana-gateway-drug 9. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/marijuana-gateway-drug#the-gateway-theory 10. https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/jan/29/marijuana-name-cannabis-racism 11. https://www.leafly.com/news/science-tech/why-does-cannabis-produce-thc 12. https://youtu.be/FsJzCdFlpyQ 13. https://youtu.be/Yu4e4YEqVLw 14. https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/can-you-get-high-from-eating-raw-weed 15. http://web.archive.org/web/20070704003310/http://science.nasa.gov/faq/NASA%2520Tech%2520Brief.pdf 16. https://medmen.com/blog/medmen-news/mythbusting-scientists-say-cannabis-strains-are-the-same

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Fan fiction is whn fans take liberties with their favorite characters and put them in new situations or contexts, creating their own stories. It's a way to imagine an intellectual propery in your own strange way. Wouldn't it be great if Lost had a better ending? Sometimes the stories are romantic, sometimes they're action-packed, and sometimes they're just plain weird. And it's not just porn.

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Last of Us https://www.hbo.com/the-last-of-us) * Shane: Cult of the Lamb (https://www.cultofthelamb.com/)

Links:
1. https://www.businessinsider.com/guides/learning/fanfiction-books#fifty-shades-of-grey-by-e-l-james-2 2. https://theportalist.com/golden-age-of-science-fiction-books 3. https://medium.com/@ysgomez/from-the-fluff-to-the-angst-the-most-popular-fanfiction-genres-270379d2559#:~:text=the%20%E2%80%9CAngst%E2%80%9D.-,The%20most%20popular%20Fanfiction%20genres,them%20to%20classify%20the%20stories. 4. https://thenovelsmithy.com/why-write-fanfiction/#:~:text=Most%20fan%20writers%20write%20fanfiction,existing%20characters%20in%20new%20situations. 5. https://www.jstor.org/stable/27784341 6. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2304/elea.2006.3.2.170 7. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.5250/storyworlds.3.2011.0001 8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304422X14000825 9. https://www.businessinsider.com/fifty-shades-of-grey-started-out-as-twilight-fan-fiction-2015-2

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"Feral" is a fancy word for describing something that's wild, untamed, and unaccustomed to human contact - kinda like that one coworker who always brings a live snake to the office. Feral animals are like free-spirited rebels who don't follow the rules, while feral kids are like tiny cavemen who've somehow found their way into the 21st century. In short, if you see something feral, you might wanna give it some space - or at least a Snickers bar.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Social Media Diet * Shane: Slutty Vegan (https://sluttyveganatl.com/)

Links and references:
1. https://www.etymonline.com/word/feral 2. https://www.treehugger.com/feral-animals-wreaking-environmental-havoc-4869042 3. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/invasive-species-can-sometimes-help-an-ecosystem/ 4. https://www.adoptananimalkits.com/advocate/companion-animals/params/post/1281181/feral-cats-are-an-important-part-of-the-environment 5. https://www.nature.org/en-us/what-we-do/our-priorities/protect-water-and-land/land-and-water-stories/invasive-plant-species-invasive-species-education-1/ 6. https://allthatsinteresting.com/feral-children

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Spartan culture was all about being tough and ready for battle. They trained hard, ate tough, and had no time for luxuries like haircuts or personal hygiene. They were so tough, they even made their children run away from home at a young age to fend for themselves. They were also known for their legendary battle cry "This is Sparta!" which they shouted while kicking people into wells. All in all, Spartan culture was pretty intense and not for the faint of heart. But hey, at least they had a good sense of humor about it. After all, laughter is the best medicine... unless you're in the middle of a battle. Then, a sharp spear is probably better.

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Devil’s Hour TV show (https://www.amazon.com/The-Devils-Hour-Season-1/dp/B0B5LFBYJW) * Shane: Using cookbooks

Links and References
1. https://www.britannica.com/place/Sparta 2. https://www.artofmanliness.com/character/military/the-spartan-way-the-mindset-and-tactics-of-a-battle-ready-warrior/ 3. https://www.history.com/topics/ancient-rome/sparta#:~:text=Spartan%20culture%20was%20centered%20on,emphasized%20duty%2C%20discipline%20and%20endurance. 4. https://www.thecollector.com/role-spartan-women-ancient-greece/ 5. https://dailyhistory.org/What_Caused_the_Decline_of_Sparta 6. https://www.filmstories.co.uk/features/300-a-film-more-historically-accurate-than-its-given-credit-for/ 7. https://www.britannica.com/event/Battle-of-Thermopylae-Greek-history-480-BC 8. https://www.thearchaeologist.org/blog/eugenics-program-in-ancient-sparta-and-the-unexpected-results 9. https://www.worldhistory.org/article/342/agoge-the-spartan-education-program/ 10. https://sites.psu.edu/thehopliteexperience/the-phalanx/

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It has been suggested that consuming too much ultra-processed food can lead to a decrease in cognitive abilities, particularly in areas such as decision-making and impulse control. Some experts even say that these foods are like "brain junk food," filling your stomach but leaving your brain feeling unsatisfied. There are also critics who point to flaws in this argument including inconsistencies, arbitrariness, and the inherent priviledge afforded by that argument. Or, you could just blame it on the food and continue on with your habits.

Recommendation
* Abraham: His Dark Materials (https://www.hbo.com/his-dark-materials) * Shane: High on Fire (https://highonfiremerch.com/)

Links:
1. https://ihu.unisinos.br/images/ihu/2022/12/jamaneurology_gomes_gonalves_2022_oi_220079_166915485121698.pdf 2. https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/2A9776922A28F8F757BDA32C3266AC2A/S1368980017000234a.pdf/div-class-title-the-un-decade-of-nutrition-the-nova-food-classification-and-the-trouble-with-ultra-processing-div.pdf 3. https://www.ift.org/news-and-publications/digital-exclusives/why-nova-misses-the-mark 4. https://www.google.com/search?q=nova+carlos+monteiro&oq=NOVA&aqs=chrome.0.69i59j69i57j0i67j46i67i433j46i67i613j0i67j69i60j69i61.1617j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8#fpstate=ive&vld=cid:efff45ec,vid:wucc_Ra4wuo,st:1

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This is not about authors. Authoritarians represent an oppressive governmental structure including "communism" and dictatorships. Although different in theory, they are similar in practice. We describe what authoritarianism is, how it works, why it works, and why a relatively substantial amount of people absolutely love it. And Abraham says "... and that sort of thing" a lot.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Avenue Sweets Vegan Caramels (https://www.avenuesweets.com/dairy-free-vegan) * Shane: Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers (https://www.tompetty.com)

References:
https://www.theguardian.com/film/2016/nov/20/growing-up-with-the-family-inside-anne-hamilton-byrnes-sinister-cult * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Family_(Australian_New_Age_group)#History * http://cvltnation.com/ant-hill-kids-break-legs-sledgehammer-go-hell/ * Solt, F. (2012). The Social Origins of Authoritarianism. Political Research Quarterly, 65*(4), 703–713. * https://freedomhouse.org/ * https://www.philosophytalk.org/blog/appeal-authoritarianism * https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2022/global-expansion-authoritarian-rule

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WARNING: There is some discussion about suicide.
John Broadus Watson was a giant historical figure in the history of psychology and is often referred to as the father of behaviorism. He developed several hypothesis, experiments, and strategies that advanced the science of psychology. In many things, he was at least partially correct, but often politically or scientifically incorrect. We highlight the particulars of his life and level some of our own opinions of him. This is for all you history buffs.

Recommendations
* Abraham: The Menu (https://www.searchlightpictures.com/the-menu/) * Shane: Top Shelf Records (https://www.topshelfrecords.com/)

Links and references:
1. https://www.britannica.com/biography/John-B-Watson 2. https://www.verywellmind.com/john-b-watson-biography-1878-1958-2795550 3. https://isenbergmarketing.wordpress.com/2016/01/28/creating-the-coffee-break-marketing-and-the-manipulation-of-demand/ 4. https://kids.kiddle.co/John_B._Watson 5. https://headstuff.org/culture/history/terrible-people-from-history/john-b-watson-dark-psychologist/

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This second conversation gets into the more widely discussed arguments about immigration. Countries that receive legal and illegal immigrants can profit from them. Countries that lose citizens may benefit from their people leaving, but they may also suffer. It's a complicated issue, but there's a fairly clear winner... if you want to be the winner.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Moneyball (https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/moneyball) * Shane: 1984 (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/61439040-1984)

Links and References
1. Levitt, P., & Jaworsky, B. N. (2007). Transnational Migration Studies: Past Developments and Future Trends. In Annual Review of Sociology (Vol. 33, Issue 1, pp. 129–156). Annual Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131816 2. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2020/06/19/blog-weo-chapter4-migration-to-advanced-economies-can-raise-growth 3. https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/slideshows/10-countries-that-take-the-most-immigrants?slide=14 4. https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/immigrants-contribute-greatly-to-us-economy-despite-administrations 5. https://www.bushcenter.org/catalyst/north-american-century/benefits-of-immigration-outweigh-costs 6. https://thesciencebehindit.org/how-does-immigration-affect-the-u-s-economy/ 7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zftZI1M1S2Y&t=78s 8. https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0809/3-ways-immigration-helps-and-hurts-the-economy.aspx#:~:text=Economically%2C%20those%20in%20favor%20of,%2Dborn%20low%2Dskilled%20workers. 9. https://www.fwd.us/news/immigration-facts-the-positive-economic-impact-of-immigration/ 10. https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR244.html 11. https://www.aclu.org/other/immigrants-and-economy 12. https://www.thebalancemoney.com/how-immigration-impacts-the-economy-4125413 13. https://wol.iza.org/articles/effect-of-emigration-on-home-country-political-institutions/long 14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXqnRMU1fTs 15. https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/colossus.htm

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Transnational immigration is a major talking point and vote-motivating topic among many people around the world. People migrate due to push and pull factors, meaning motivation to go to a country or to leave a country. Doing this "legally" is a complicated, confusing, and arbitrary. In part 1, we mostly tackle the logistics of migrating. In part 2, we will tackle the implications for the departing and the receiving countries. Get ready to get political.

Recommendations
* Abraham: Dinosaur Island: Rawr n’ Write (https://pandasaurusgames.com/products/dinosaur-island-rawr-write) * Shane: Pokemon Scarlet/Violet (https://scarletviolet.pokemon.com/en-us/)

Links and references:
1. Levitt, P., & Jaworsky, B. N. (2007). Transnational Migration Studies: Past Developments and Future Trends. In Annual Review of Sociology (Vol. 33, Issue 1, pp. 129–156). Annual Reviews. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.33.040406.131816 2. https://www.imf.org/en/Blogs/Articles/2020/06/19/blog-weo-chapter4-migration-to-advanced-economies-can-raise-growth 3. https://www.usnews.com/news/best-countries/slideshows/10-countries-that-take-the-most-immigrants?slide=14 4. https://www.cbpp.org/research/poverty-and-inequality/immigrants-contribute-greatly-to-us-economy-despite-administrations 5. https://www.bushcenter.org/catalyst/north-american-century/benefits-of-immigration-outweigh-costs 6. https://thesciencebehindit.org/how-does-immigration-affect-the-u-s-economy/ 7. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zftZI1M1S2Y&t=78s 8. https://www.investopedia.com/financial-edge/0809/3-ways-immigration-helps-and-hurts-the-economy.aspx#:~:text=Economically%2C%20those%20in%20favor%20of,%2Dborn%20low%2Dskilled%20workers. 9. https://www.fwd.us/news/immigration-facts-the-positive-economic-impact-of-immigration/ 10. https://www.rand.org/pubs/monograph_reports/MR244.html 11. https://www.aclu.org/other/immigrants-and-economy 12. https://www.thebalancemoney.com/how-immigration-impacts-the-economy-4125413 13. https://wol.iza.org/articles/effect-of-emigration-on-home-country-political-institutions/long 14. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tXqnRMU1fTs 15. https://www.nps.gov/stli/learn/historyculture/colossus.htm

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We celebrate 5 years as a podcast with some then and now reflections. We review some of the topics we have covered, entertainment we have enjoyed, science achievements, major events, scientists we have lost, and all of the people who have helped us along the way. Unfortunately, Abraham wasn't feeling well during recording and sounded a little inarticulate. A nice fun bow on the podcast for the year. See you in 2023!

Check out
dbasig.com

Recommendations
* Abraham: Hell Baby (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2318527/) * Shane: Chat Pile - God’s Country (https://chatpile.bandcamp.com/album/gods-country)

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This time of year it is fun to explore the origins of our most rock-solid traditions. In this discussion we learn about our favorite god-like mutant: Santa Claus! This is one of the few beings with a pretty clear starting point in American (yes, mostly North American) history. We had a lot of fun unpacking the science of what it would mean for Santa to visit every house in the world, which involves a mountain of calories and alcohol and faster than light travel. What a guy!

References
-https://www.history.com/topics/christmas/santa-claus
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wS1Uck8P-_A
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO6a6Ue2z5I

Recommendations
- Abraham: Midnight Mass (https://www.netflix.com/title/81083626)
- Shane: I Don’t Wanna Christmas Playlist (https://open.spotify.com/playlist/1Bv7xHqHWNaQ2rEwFyWB0V?si=e56fe93398be427c)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Some people can eat nearly anything (or actually anything) without becoming ill. One man's digestion was so severe that he would eat four times the average person and lose weight. Also, another person could take punishing blows to the abdomen, some people swallow all sorts of foreign objects for entertainment, and of course, competitive eating. Stories of the unique and often sad.

Recommendations

Abraham: Sesame Seed Bagels
Shane: Big Fish (Book): http://danielwallace.org/big-fish-book-daniel-wallace/

Links and References
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D9DZmoRY0H4
- https://historycollection.com/this-18th-century-man-literally-ate-everything-which-led-to-one-of-the-most-disturbing-medical-cases-in-history/3/
- https://www.sciencefocus.com/the-human-body/why-do-only-some-people-have-cast-iron-stomachs/
- https://www.wltx.com/article/news/how-competitive-eaters-do-it-and-what-it-does-to-them/101-570676293

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Ketamine is a new and still controversial medical intervention being explored for its utility in mental health treatment. Is there something of substance here or just another false promise? We dig into the current status of Ketamine and speak to the parent of a child who is receiving medicinal Ketamine.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Yoplait dairy-free yogurt (https://www.ouibyyoplait.com/products?gclid=Cj0KCQiAkMGcBhCSARIsAIW6d0AuCnH5w9VA4wd8kA6hkNssQ3sGMeUcIDD1qxwC2XXe7kXAE75AjawaAnHPEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds)
- Shane: Andor (https://disneyplusoriginals.disney.com/show/andor)

Links and Resources
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0269881120959644
- https://www.dea.gov/sites/default/files/2020-06/Ketamine-2020.pdf
- https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drug_chem_info/ketamine.pdf
- https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/fda-approves-new-nasal-spray-medication-treatment-resistant-depression-available-only-certified
- https://www.forbes.com/sites/willyakowicz/2021/10/18/why-ketamine-assisted-therapy-has-gone-mainstream/?sh=22ec80401615

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Below the ribs. Hypochondriasis, now illness anxiety disorder, is the debilitating fear that symptoms or the potential for symptoms will lead to more severe disease. It is different from those who imagine being sick and make themselves sick, and different from those who just want attention or sympathy or to get out of obligations. You might be surprised!

Recommendations:
- Abraham: Maitake Mushrooms (hen of the woods)
- Shane: Carcass - “Heartwork” (https://carcass.bandcamp.com/album/heartwork-full-dynamic-range-edition)

Links and references:
1. https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/cyberchondria.htm?srch_tag=kftvlwfzzppuxmkhynxqr6ida6ri3ddp
2. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/illness-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20373782
3. Bound, F. (2006). Hypochondria. In The Lancet (Vol. 367, Issue 9505, p. 105). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(06)67948-8
4. https://www.mountsinai.org/health-library/condition/hypochondriasis#:~:text=Hypochondriasis%20may%20occur%20in%20an,one%20of%20these%20other%20disorders.
5. aan de Stegge, B. M., Tak, L. M., Rosmalen, J. G. M., & Oude Voshaar, R. C. (2018). Death anxiety and its association with hypochondriasis and medically unexplained symptoms: A systematic review. In Journal of Psychosomatic Research (Vol. 115, pp. 58–65). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2018.10.002
6. https://jessielder.com/blog/a-hypochondriac-story
7. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/illness-anxiety-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20373782
8. https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/290955-overview

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The party of national programs, federal regulations, and taxes: The republicans! If you're in the 1700s-1800s. At some point, the policies of the parties switched from the democrats to the republicans and the other way around. What happened? How? And Why? Let's dig into the history.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Ghosts (TV Series; https://www.cbs.com/shows/ghosts/)
- Shane: Wakanda Forever (https://www.marvel.com/movies/black-panther-wakanda-forever)

References and Links
1. https://www.livescience.com/34241-democratic-republican-parties-switch-platforms.html
2. https://dk.usembassy.gov/da/youth-education-da/the-american-political-system/history-of-the-democratic-and-republican-parties/#:~:text=The%20Democratic%20Party%20largely%20stayed,the%20modern%20Republican%20Party%20platform.
3. https://dk.usembassy.gov/da/youth-education-da/the-american-political-system/history-of-the-democratic-and-republican-parties/#:~:text=The%20Democratic%20Party%20largely%20stayed,the%20modern%20Republican%20Party%20platform.
4. https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/bryan-william-jennings

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This treatment involves moving your eyes back and forth while engaging in systematic desensitization. And maybe a purple hat. Does EMDR work for PTSD or other mental health issues? We unpack the "philosophy" and science behind EMDR. What's there, what isn't, and how we might tell the difference.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Verdant (game: https://www.flatout.games/verdant)
- Shane: IT by Stephen King (https://stephenking.com/works/novel/it.html)

Links and Sources
1. https://www.apa.org/ptsd-guideline/treatments/eye-movement-reprocessing
2. https://www.ptsd.va.gov/understand_tx/emdr.asp
3. VanElzakker, M. B., Dahlgren, M. K., Davis, F. C., Dubois, S., & Shin, L. M. (2014). From Pavlov to PTSD: the extinction of conditioned fear in rodents, humans, and anxiety disorders. Neurobiology of learning and memory, 113, 3–18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nlm.2013.11.014
4. Hoogsteder, L. M., Ten Thije, L., Schippers, E. E., & Stams, G. (2022). A Meta-Analysis of the Effectiveness of EMDR and TF-CBT in Reducing Trauma Symptoms and Externalizing Behavior Problems in Adolescents. International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology, 66(6-7), 735–757. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X211010290
5. https://centerfordiscovery.com/understanding-actually-happens-emdr-therapy/
6. Menon, S. B., & Jayan, C. (2010). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: a conceptual framework. Indian journal of psychological medicine, 32(2), 136–140. https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.78512
7. Shapiro, F. (1989), Efficacy of the eye movement desensitization procedure in the treatment of traumatic memories. J. Traum. Stress, 2: 199-223. https://doi.org/10.1002/jts.2490020207
8. Cuijpers, P., Veen, S., Sijbrandij, M., Yoder, W., & Cristea, I. A. (2020). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for mental health problems: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cognitive behaviour therapy, 49(3), 165–180. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2019.1703801
9. Rajaraman, A., Austin, J.L., Gover, H.C., Cammilleri, A.P., Donnelly, D.R. and Hanley, G.P. (2022), Toward trauma-informed applications of behavior analysis. Jnl of Applied Behav Analysis, 55: 40-61. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.881
10. https://phtherapies.wordpress.com/2011/09/15/emdr-empirically-supported-treatment-or-pseudoscience/
11. Herbert, J. D., Lilienfeld, S. O., Lohr, J. M., Montgomery, R. W., O'Donohue, W. T., Rosen, G. M., & Tolin, D. F. (2000). Science and pseudoscience in the development of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: implications for clinical psychology. Clinical psychology review, 20(8), 945–971. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00017-3
12. https://www.theskepticsguide.org/podcasts/episode-896

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If we had to ask... This is a revisit of our discussion from April 2018 with a little more conversation with the new host (Shane).

Recommendations
- Shane: Sell Out (Book by Dan Ozzi; https://www.danozzi.com/books/sellout)
- Abraham: Hocus Pocus 2 (https://www.disneyplus.com/movies/hocus-pocus-2/4Q5cWHlnVCun)

Links and resources:
Links
Bannerman, D. J., Sheldon, J. B., Sherman, J. A., & Harchik, A. E. (1990). Balancing the right to habilitation with the right to personal liberties: The rights of people with developmental disabilities to eat too many doughnuts and take a nap. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 23(1), 79-89. https://doi.org/10.1901/jaba.1990.23-79

Clayton, M. (2018). The song remains the same: A review of Harris’ Free Will. Perspectives on Behavior Science, 41(2), 653-656. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40614-018-0140-2

Coyne, J. (2015). Free Will. In J. Brockman (Ed.), This idea must die (pp. 153-158). HarperCollins Books.

Friman, P. C. (2021). There is no such thing as a bad boy: The Circumstances View of problem behavior. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 54(2), 636-653. https://doi.org/10.1002/jaba.816

Harris, S. (2012). Free Will. The Free Press.

Iwata, B. A., Dorsey, M. F., Slifer, K. J., Bauman, K. E., & Richman, G. S. (1982). Toward a functional analysis of self-injury. Analysis & Intervention in Developmental Disabilities, 2(1), 3–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/0270-4684(82)90003-9

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Free will. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved November 7, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/freewill

Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Free Press.

Skinner, B. F. (1971). Beyond freedom and dignity. Alfred Knopf.

Witts, B. N., & Ward, T. A. (2014). A review of Sam Harris’s Free Will. The Psychological Record, 64(1), 139-142. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40732-014-0018-y

https://behavioralinquiry.com/2019/09/18/philosophic-doubt-when-scientific-inquiry-matters/

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While shrugging is a common expression, used by many cultures, the explanation as to why we shrug is still vague and for the most part an unanswered question. Perhaps warranting a shrug to answer its own question. While empirical data and theories are limited, a few people, most notable Darwin, did try to provide theories such as why. Theories extend from it being an expression of one’s emotions to convey uncertainty or dismissive to their listener to a primitive expressive act that humans innately engage in.

Recommendations
Abraham: VOTE! Support science-supporting candidates
Shane: Archers of Loaf - Reason in Decline (new album; https://open.spotify.com/album/248FBJsqTT5aXWsQzyzpyf?si=Ivha3b2hTA6kacVVFGUrSw)

Links and References
- https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/shrug
- http://darwin-online.org.uk/content/frameset?pageseq=1&itemID=F1142&viewtype=text
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vPN2717RMLY
- http://kensycooperrider.com/blog/origins-of-the-shrug
- https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0145482X0009400902?casa_token=osepvyNFZN4AAAAA%3A16yxNAS8KzTXPtFt4211l-h7x8ZOpO1dzkOnSYRleifsPVwxee_351yF-jwoAbseO3yg4N1_h66PUw&
- https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/semi.1977.19.1-2.13/html
- https://www.jstor.org/stable/26203884?saml_data=eyJzYW1sVG9rZW4iOiI5MDE3NWU1Ny1lMzNjLTQ1ZmItODIzZi00NTM2OGQ5ZGY4YzgiLCJpbnN0aXR1dGlvbklkcyI6WyJmOTI0NWE1OS1mMzExLTRmYWUtYmM3NS05ZWU3YzdmMWZjZWYiXX0&seq=4#metadata_info_tab_contents
- https://benjamins.com/catalog/getpdf?webfile=a34225979

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These are the strange, often horrifying, sometimes cuddly mythical creatures of lore. Sometimes they are meant to scare us away from dangers, sometimes to gain obedience, and sometimes to explain the unexplainable. We talk about several cryptids throughout history and what role they served. The season finale of our halloween-themed topics!

Recommendations
Abraham: Endless Winter: Paleoamericans (https://shop.asmodee.com/endless-winter-5-paleoamericans-ewp01)
Shane: Cloakroom - Time Well (https://open.spotify.com/album/4IVYDbl6kEWudawwIDQoLh?si=b__2l6uxSnSr41BcjR7-Mg)

References and links:
https://www.thatsmags.com/guangzhou/post/11322/china-s-top-five-creepy-cryptids
https://exemplore.com/cryptids/9-Mysterious-Monsters-of-Africa

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The one you've all been waiting for. Maybe. Where did the term "serial killer" come from? Where have serial killers been active around the world? Most importantly, why do they kill people? We do our best to unpack the ins and outs of serial killers for this years installment of our halloween-themed topics

Recommendations
Abraham: Culina Plant-Based Yogurt (https://www.culinayogurt.com/)
Shane: Werewolf by Night (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt15318872/)

Links:

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201406/origin-the-term-serial-killer
https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=6637&context=etd
https://www.fbi.gov/stats-services/publications/serial-murder
https://fakehistoryhunter.net/2019/09/15/serial-killer-not-coined-by-fbi-in-1970s/
https://www.britannica.com/list/7-of-historys-most-notorious-serial-killers
https://www.discovermagazine.com/the-sciences/what-explains-the-decline-of-serial-killers
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/aug/10/what-makes-a-serial-killer
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/wicked-deeds/201909/understanding-what-drives-serial-killers
https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-lists/american-psychos-10-modern-serial-killers-youve-never-heard-of-102597/
http://maamodt.asp.radford.edu/Serial%20Killer%20Information%20Center/Serial%20Killer%20Statistics.pdf
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/5-myths-about-serial-killers-and-why-they-persist-excerpt/
https://www.cdc.gov/traumaticbraininjury/pdf/prisoner_tbi_prof-a.pdf

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We're not sure what it is... It's unidentified! In this Halloween spooky pod, we take on the history of the pursuit of extraterrestrial visitors. We talk about where the idea of "flying saucers" came from, and several key pieces of "evidence." We also explain cattle mutilation and crop circles. Even if you knew all of that, there are still a few surprises!

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VooDoo isn't sticking pins in dolls to cause pain to a victim. Actually, it's highly cultural and unique and often helpful. Madam Marie (Paris) Laveau is a fascinating character to tell the story of VooDoo in New Orleans. Welcome to our Halloween Season 3!

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Humans having been keeping animals around for a long time as workers and pest control. Do they serve another purpose all these centuries later? We explore the proportion of our lives that pets consume, why we keep them, and other ways animals/pets participate in our lives.

Recommendations
Abraham: Bullet Train (https://www.sonypictures.com/movies/bullettrain)
Shane: The Woman King (https://www.thewomanking.movie/)

References and Links:
1. https://www.nature.com/articles/276608a0
2. https://nautil.us/why-did-the-ancients-bury-their-dogs-like-family-members-237208/
3. Fine, A. H., Beck, A. M., & Ng, Z. (2019). The State of Animal-Assisted Interventions: Addressing the Contemporary Issues that will Shape the Future. International journal of environmental research and public health, 16(20), 3997.
4. https://monster.fandom.com/wiki/Category:Legendary_Creatures
5. https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/news-egyptian-animals-mummies-archaeology
6. https://www.americanpetproducts.org/press_industrytrends.asp
7. https://iancommunity.org/cs/articles/asds_and_animal_assisted_therapies
8. https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2015/15_0204.htm
9. https://www.animalbehaviorsociety.org/web/applied-behavior-caab-application.php
10. https://www.cdc.gov/healthypets/keeping-pets-and-people-healthy/how.html?CDC_AA_refVal=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cdc.gov%2Fhealthypets%2Fhealth-benefits%2Findex.html
11. Ein, N., Li, L., & Vickers, K. (2018). The effect of pet therapy on the physiological and subjective stress response: A meta-analysis. In Stress and Health (Vol. 34, Issue 4, pp. 477–489). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2812
12. Leng, M., Liu, P., Zhang, P., Hu, M., Zhou, H., Li, G., Yin, H., & Chen, L. (2019). Pet robot intervention for people with dementia: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. In Psychiatry Research (Vol. 271, pp. 516–525). Elsevier BV. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2018.12.032
13. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/articles/202105/why-we-love-our-cats-and-dogs#:~:text=The%20researchers%20found%20pet%20owners,interactions%20with%20family%20and%20friends.
14. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4266064/
15. https://time.com/5670965/veterinarian-suicide-help/

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People are frequently imprisoned when the pose a threat to the authority of people in power. Most of these were people who did little or nothing besides criticize those in power or something even just know someone who criticized those in power. We discuss several examples of this and many of the implications.

Recommendations
Abraham: The Devil All The Time (Netflix Movie)
Shane: Noam Chomsky’s On Anarchism (https://thenewpress.com/books/on-anarchism)

Links and Resources
1. https://www.state.gov/voices-of-political-prisoners/
2. https://humanrightscommission.house.gov/defending-freedoms-project/who-are-prisoners-conscience
3. https://www.rferl.org/a/explainer-political-prisoners/24881810.html
4. https://memohrc.org/en/specials/guidelines-definition-political-prisoner
5. https://www.amnesty.org/en/what-we-do/detention/
6. https://www.britannica.com/topic/political-prisoner
7. https://kinginstitute.stanford.edu/mlk-topic/martin-luther-king-jr-arrests
8. https://www.mkgandhi.org/chrono/arrestofmahatma.php
9. https://www.justice.gov/usao-dc/capitol-breach-cases
10. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10455752.2018.1530835?cookieSet=1

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This is a nostalgic look at our episode on Gender and Sexuality with our first ever guest. We follow-up the episode with an updated discussion on this topic. Enjoy this look back in time.
Recommendations
- Abraham: Lost City (movie; https://www.imdb.com/title/tt13320622/)
- Shane: Greenlights by Matthew McCoaisd;aektbsy (https://greenlights.com/)

Links:
1. https://advocatesforyouth.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/NSES-2020-web.pdf
2. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/for-educators/whats-state-sex-education-us#:~:text=Sex%20education%20is%20widely%20supported,education%20taught%20in%20high%20school.
3. https://www.pbs.org/newshour/education/dont-say-gay-law-brings-worry-confusion-to-florida-schools
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5662210/
5. https://www.buzzfeed.com/kaylayandoli/ignorant-things-men-said-about-women
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4210955/
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1284515/
8. https://www.healthline.com/health/transgender/misgendering

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In this face-off between hope and logic and reason vs blustering confusion and nonsense, who will emerge victorious? We discuss the motives and tactics of denialists as well as what, if anything, we can do about it.

Recommendations:
Abraham: Zoom (zoom.us)
Shane: Dead Tank Records (https://deadtankrecords.com/)

Links:
1. https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2010/05/denialism-vs-skepticism/186824/
2. https://cen.acs.org/articles/89/i3/Sowing-Seeds-Doubt.html
3. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/aug/03/denialism-what-drives-people-to-reject-the-truth
4. https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/national-international/ella-foster-faith-healing-death/29977/
5. http://ossfoundation.us/projects/environment/global-warming/myths/denialist-vs.-skeptic
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321972/
7. https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/brand-connect/bleecker-street/denial/
8. https://www.theskepticsguide.org/our-book

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Denialists like to claim that they are skeptics and engaging in critical thought. The require ever more evidence from their opponents, but little to no evidence to confirm their own beliefs. This is the opposite of the skeptical position. We are taking denialisms down a peg, listen in to part 1!

Recommendations
- Abraham: Do something nice for someone
- Shane: Do something nice for yourself, too!

Links and resources
1. https://www.theatlantic.com/daily-dish/archive/2010/05/denialism-vs-skepticism/186824/
2. https://cen.acs.org/articles/89/i3/Sowing-Seeds-Doubt.html
3. https://www.theguardian.com/news/2018/aug/03/denialism-what-drives-people-to-reject-the-truth
4. https://www.nbcphiladelphia.com/news/national-international/ella-foster-faith-healing-death/29977/
5. http://ossfoundation.us/projects/environment/global-warming/myths/denialist-vs.-skeptic
6. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3321972/
7. https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/brand-connect/bleecker-street/denial/

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Sarcasm can be found in nearly every language and culture and throughout much of human history. Is it because we are all passive aggressive jerks? Or maybe we are all aspiring comedians? We breakdown what is said about sarcasm and what sarcasm says about you.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Villainous (game; https://www.ravensburger.us/discover/games/disney-villainous-game/index.html)
- Shane: Goodfellas (the movie;https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0099685/)
Links:
1. https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/the-science-of-sarcasm-yeah-right-25038/
2. https://procaffenation.com/origin-of-sarcasm/
3. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-45442-5_18
4. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-surprising-benefits-of-sarcasm/
5. https://filmlifestyle.com/what-is-sarcasm/
6. https://www.scienceofpeople.com/sarcasm-why-it-hurts-us/
7. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/10926488.2018.1481261
8. https://wires.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/widm.1331
9. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S074959781500076X
10. https://ibcces.org/blog/2020/07/02/not-understanding-sarcasm-big-deal/
11. https://japanintercultural.com/free-resources/articles/humour-works-with-japanese-but-careful-with-sarcasm/
12. https://omniglot.com/language/articles/sarcasm.htm

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The disaster at the Chornobyl (yes, I spelled that correctly) nuclear power plant was a culmination of human errors, faulty design, and poor leadership. A slight departure for us, but an interesting exploration into the levels of the event.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Kirby Vacuums (https://www.kirby.com/)
- Shane: The Storyteller: Tales of Life and Music by Dave Grohl (https://www.davegrohlstoryteller.com/)

Links and Resources

World Nuclear Association Information
History Channel and Nuclear disasters
five worst nuclear disasters
True Death Toll
Facts about nuclear energy
History Channel
Associated Press story on Japan to release nuclear water in 2 years (by 2023)
US Energy Sources (great image here)
History Channel
Associated Press story on Japan to release nuclear water in 2 years (by 2023)

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Road rage is an intensive pattern of various behavior that are commonly demonstrated by drivers as they face the typical inconveniences that exist on the road. In the face of slow drivers, traffic jams, construction, detours, etc., too many people react to the point of speeding, tailgating, and even violent confrontation. As you’d imagine, these behaviors have the potential to result in great harm if not death. To minimize the effects of road rage or prevent instances of it altogether, we might look at environmental events that increase the likelihood of incongruently intense responses. Further, we can encourage drivers to reduce the magnitude of their responses to rage-inducing situations to avoid escalating to violence. If we all work together, with the help of qualified professionals, we can work toward making roads safer…using SCIENCE!

Recommendations
-Abraham: Light-up Faucets
-Shane: Why Civil Resistance Works (https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/chen15682#:~:text=They%20find%20that%20nonviolent%20resistance,regime%20to%20maintain%20its%20status)

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Working 40 hours per work has been the norm for so long, we seem to take for granted that this is just the normal run-of-the-mill schedule in the U.S. But where did this come from? Why do we use it? Perhaps a change is on the horizon...

Recommendations
Abraham: Burger Patch Sacramento (https://burgerpatch.com/)
Shane: Dune (The Book; https://dunenovels.com/)

Links and references:
1. https://www.cultureamp.com/blog/40-hour-work-week#:~:text=1938%3A%20Congress%20passed%20the%20Fair,work%20week%20became%20U.S.%20law.
2. https://mythdetector.ge/en/the-real-history-behind-the-5-day-working-week/
3. https://www.timesizing.com/history-of-the-american-workweek/
4. https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/ford-factory-workers-get-40-hour-week#:~:text=On%20May%201%2C%201926%2C%20Ford,office%20workers%20the%20following%20August
5. https://redi.colostate.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/50/2017/06/REDI-report-April-gig-economy.pdf
6. https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/in-theory/wp/2016/05/13/is-it-time-for-a-shorter-workweek/
7. https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/02/110208131529.htm
1. Atsunori Ariga, Alejandro Lleras. Brief and rare mental 'breaks' keep you focused: Deactivation and reactivation of task goals preempt vigilance decrements. Cognition, 2011; DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2010.12.007
8. https://data.oecd.org/emp/hours-worked.htm
9. https://time.com/4621185/worker-productivity-countries/
10. https://www.studyfinds.org/study-finds-that-40-hour-workweeks-bad-for-mental-health/
11. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/shifting-workplace-dynamics/202110/should-we-end-the-40-hour-workweek

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What makes Vietnamese coffee different from Malaysian coffee? What should expect if you are visiting a coffee shop in Sweden? Despite being one of the world's largest coffee exporters, In Brazil, you probably won't even find dedicated coffee shops. Listen in to hear the answers to these questions and develop a craving for all the coffee and world travel. Enjoy!

Recommendations
- Abraham: Dashlane (https://www.dashlane.com/)
- Shane: Neighbor’s Ice Cream (https://www.neighborsicecream.com/)

Sources and Links:
1. https://lifeandthyme.com/drink/coffee-rituals-around-the-world/
2. https://www.getaway.co.za/food/coffee-from-around-the-world/
3. https://justinpluslauren.com/coffee-traditions-around-the-world/
4. https://driftaway.coffee/how-to-make-south-indian-filter-coffee/
5. https://www.neuroast.com/blogs/the-daily-roast/7-coffee-rituals-from-around-the-world

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We are adding a new format of rerunning old episodes and updating the research and adding discussion points. Enjoy a nostalgic return to WWDWWD 5 years ago plus our updated discussion.

Back at this time, we didn't have recommendations. So Shane and Abraham added some.
Abraham: Schitt's Creek (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3526078/)
Shane: Buy your friend's book

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Hair: A weird thing humans have weaponized, leverages, and used many culturally unique and important ways. There's actually a million things to say about this, but we took on the race angle in this conversation. This is a very brief history about afro-textured hair; when the racism and discrimination started, how far it has came, and how much more education and understanding we need.

Recommendations:
Abraham: Turning Red (movie: https://movies.disney.com/turning-red)
Shane: Stranger Things Season 4 (https://www.netflix.com/title/80057281)

References and Links:
Links:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afro-textured_hair
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=d0Ta0XKlisg
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvise_Cadamosto
Jahangir, Rumeana. "How does black hair reflect black history?". BBC.
Nasheed, Jameelah (April 10, 2018). "When Black Women Were Required By Law to Cover Their Hair".
"538 F. 2d 164 - Jenkins v. Blue Cross Mutual Hospital Insurance Inc". OpenJurist.
Banks, Ingrid (2000). Hair matters : beauty, power, and Black women's consciousness. New York: New York University Press. ISBN 9780814713372. OCLC 51232344.
Mercer, Kobena (1987). "Black hair/style politics" (PDF). New Formations. 3: 33–54.
Edmondson, Vickie Cox; Carroll, Archie B. (1999). "Giving Back: An Examination of the Philanthropic Motivations, Orientations and Activities of Large Black-Owned Businesses". Journal of Business Ethics. 19 (2): 171–179. doi:10.1023/A:1005993925597. JSTOR 25074086. S2CID 15255094.
Rooks, Noliwe M. (1996). Hair raising : beauty, culture, and African American women. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. p. 13. ISBN 9780585098272. OCLC 44964950.
Douglas, William (Oct 9, 2009). "For Many Black Women, Hair Tells the Story of Their Roots". Archived from the original on September 15, 2012. Retrieved Dec 29, 2009.
Brown, Stacia (2015). "My Hair, My Politics". New Republic. Vol. 246. pp. 16–17. Archived from the original on 2020-07-27.
Oyedemi, Toks (2016). "Beauty as violence: 'beautiful hair' and the cultural violence of identity erasure". Journal for the Study of Race, Nation and Culture. 22 (5): 537–553. doi:10.1080/13504630.2016.1157465. S2CID 147092123.
X, Malcolm; Haley, Alex (1965). The Autobiography of Malcolm X. New York: Grove Press.
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2020/feb/25/black-pupils-excluded-hair-discrimination-equality-act

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This discussion includes some myth busting, psychological impacts, and real outcomes of laws that prevent access to abortion. A mixture of science and our editorial opinions. Tell us how we did by reaching out to us.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Oat Milk Ice Cream
- Shane: TMNT Shredder’s Revenge (https://www.shredders-revenge.com/)

References and Links
1. https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/410/113
2. https://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/issues/abortion/abortion-central-history-reproductive-health-care-america#:~:text=Abortion%20was%20frequently%20practiced%20in,ambiguous%20and%20difficult%20to%20enforce.
3. https://www.healthline.com/health/types-of-abortion#_noHeaderPrefixedContent
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5957082/
5. https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/21/health/women-reasons-abortion-trnd/index.html
6. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20372088#:~:text=An%20ectopic%20pregnancy%20occurs%20when,is%20called%20a%20tubal%20pregnancy.
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3395931/
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6207970/
9. https://time.com/3582434/6-abortion-myths/
10. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/uploads/filer_public/fd/de/fddee2ba-5ae1-4a89-9c4f-7e72c8a4db02/210218-fact-sheet-cmp-fetal-tissue-backgrounder-prod.pdf
11. https://oversight.house.gov/planned-parenthood-fact-v-fiction
12. https://adoptionnetwork.com/adoption-myths-facts/domestic-us-statistics/
13. https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/my-abortion-story
14. https://www.insider.com/stevie-nicks-abortion-fleetwood-mac-reproductive-rights-2020-1

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We recorded this discussion before the court officially overturned Roe v. Wade. But we decided to record this because of the leaked draft that happened in May. What is the science and psychology of abortions? We do our best to unpack this, but we will admit now our bias in favor of women's rights.

Recommendations
Abraham: Planned Parenthood (https://www.weareplannedparenthoodaction.org/onlineactions/6iOI0_HnUUmPu_6_SRgayg2?sourceid=1006442&ms=4NALz2100K1N1A&gclid=Cj0KCQjw8O-VBhCpARIsACMvVLMvF1DsCEcQzWjncP0rQSIazbbLNU5etm7spSKBcr9Uh0-PCgUZvroaAuhSEALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds)
Shane: Know how your representatives vote (https://library.bu.edu/legis)

Links and Resources
1. https://www.law.cornell.edu/supremecourt/text/410/113
2. https://www.plannedparenthoodaction.org/issues/abortion/abortion-central-history-reproductive-health-care-america#:~:text=Abortion%20was%20frequently%20practiced%20in,ambiguous%20and%20difficult%20to%20enforce.
3. https://www.healthline.com/health/types-of-abortion#_noHeaderPrefixedContent
4. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5957082/
5. https://www.cnn.com/2019/05/21/health/women-reasons-abortion-trnd/index.html
6. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/ectopic-pregnancy/symptoms-causes/syc-20372088#:~:text=An%20ectopic%20pregnancy%20occurs%20when,is%20called%20a%20tubal%20pregnancy.
7. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3395931/
8. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6207970/
9. https://time.com/3582434/6-abortion-myths/
10. https://www.plannedparenthood.org/uploads/filer_public/fd/de/fddee2ba-5ae1-4a89-9c4f-7e72c8a4db02/210218-fact-sheet-cmp-fetal-tissue-backgrounder-prod.pdf
11. https://oversight.house.gov/planned-parenthood-fact-v-fiction
12. https://adoptionnetwork.com/adoption-myths-facts/domestic-us-statistics/
13. https://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/latest/my-abortion-story
14. https://www.insider.com/stevie-nicks-abortion-fleetwood-mac-reproductive-rights-2020-10

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Plagiarism is a serious offense that is unfortunately prevalent throughout academia and in other professional domains. While it has been universally determined to be poor professional practice, like any problem behavior it demands a closer analysis from a behavioral perspective. This episode will explore the unique circumstances under which plagiarism in its many forms may occur, and how we might cultivate alternative skills that prevent such behavior and avoid the temptations of tough situations that make it more likely.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Floriferous with early spring min expansion from Pencil First Games (https://www.pencilfirstgames.com/floriferous/)
- Shane: Stranger Things (Season 4; https://www.netflix.com/title/80057281)

References/Links

https://www.ox.ac.uk/students/academic/guidance/skills/plagiarism

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334272536_Plagiarism_A_Behavioral_Perspective
https://www.student.unsw.edu.au/how-does-plagiarism-happen#:~:text=Plagiarism%20happens%20for%20a%20number,but%20of%20underdeveloped%20academic%20skills
https://www.uwec.edu/files/1435/Plagiarism-Resource-Guide.pdf

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One of the theories that put psychology into the mainstream was Psychoanalysis, or Freudian psychology. We review the history of Freud and the development of psychoanalytic theory/therapy and the subsequent divide. We also spend a little time on the theory itself, you know, in case you repressed the memory of learning it in school.

Recommendations
- Abraham: The Whatnot Cabinet from Pencil First Games (https://www.pencilfirstgames.com/the-whatnot-cabinet/)
- Shane: Casual Bird Cafe (https://casualbird.com/)

Links and resources
1. https://pacja.org.au/2016/09/a-brief-history-of-psychoanalysis-from-freud-to-fantasy-to-folly-2/
2. https://positivepsychology.com/psychoanalysis/
3. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/freud-fluoxetine/201912/the-fall-psychoanalysis-in-american-psychiatry
4. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-psychoanalysis-2795246
5. https://www.simplypsychology.org/oedipal-complex.html

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Special guest Saundra Bishop joins us to lend her expertise and experience with how Behavior Analysts can take a trauma-informed approach to their work with all people. We also talk about the foster system and the demands that parents face every day.

Recommendations
Abraham recommended a tile-placing pattern puzzle game, The Whatnot Cabinet (https://www.pencilfirstgames.com/the-whatnot-cabinet/). What puzzle games are you into?
Shane recommended the Casual Bird Cafe (https://casualbird.com/). What local coffee shop do you love?

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Behavioral and psychological "freedom" are couched more empirically inside of the concept of freedom from restriction and coercion, and the natural boundaries and contingencies of everyday circumstance and evolutionary trajectory. That is, freedom might mean freedom from restrictive policy and there is some stuff that we just can't biologically do. Also, freedom for one at the cost of freedom for others is not real freedom.

Recommendations 2:

Abraham: Dance Gavin Dance - Synergy Music Video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GvHDaSw8k74)
Shane: Dr. Strange 2 (https://www.marvel.com/movies/doctor-strange-in-the-multiverse-of-madness)

References and links:
1. https://apo.org.au/node/277656
2. https://www.cnn.com/2012/08/17/world/europe/russia-pussy-riot-trial/index.html
3. https://www.thedailybeast.com/is-pussy-riots-nadia-tolokonnikova-in-a-siberian-gulag
4. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf
5. https://time.com/5882978/freedom-definition-history/
6. https://time.com/5882978/freedom-definition-history/
7. https://www.strategy-business.com/blog/There-is-such-a-thing-as-too-much-freedom
8. https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/01/is-there-such-a-thing-as-too-much-freedom.html
9. https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/22/books/how-much-freedom-is-too-much.html

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We all use the term colloquially. But what does "freedom" mean? There is freedom in the biological sense, political sense, psychological sense, and many more. We start exploring the various definitions of freedom and what it is not.

Recommendations
Abraham: Green Chef (https://chef.greenchef.com/plans?&&gclid=Cj0KCQjwyYKUBhDJARIsAMj9lkFj4xreW0R-5AGnSheMF525zNS3VPFfBJ5t43_6GWBd3660OSxVb0EaAh7tEALw_wcB&mealsize=2-4&utm_campaign=US-S%5B01%5D%20Green%20Chef%20-%20Exact&utm_content=Green%20Chef&utm_medium=ad&utm_source=adwords)
Shane: Terror - Pain Into Power (https://terror.bandcamp.com/album/pain-into-power)

Links and References

https://apo.org.au/node/277656
https://www.cnn.com/2012/08/17/world/europe/russia-pussy-riot-trial/index.html
https://www.thedailybeast.com/is-pussy-riots-nadia-tolokonnikova-in-a-siberian-gulag
https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/UDHR/Documents/UDHR_Translations/eng.pdf
https://time.com/5882978/freedom-definition-history/
https://time.com/5882978/freedom-definition-history/
https://www.strategy-business.com/blog/There-is-such-a-thing-as-too-much-freedom
https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2018/01/is-there-such-a-thing-as-too-much-freedom.html
https://www.nytimes.com/2003/03/22/books/how-much-freedom-is-too-much.html

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Today’s episode concludes our discussion about what people believe when they don't believe. We ask and answer the question what we believe happens when we die, as well as polling our patreon supporters. Atheists categorically reject the existence of gods and the practice of obeying any sort of higher power. Abraham defends the idea that atheism and agnosticism are the same. Shane makes some beautifully elegant points about what it all means at the end of the day.

Recommendations:
Abraham: Dr. Strange and the Multiverse of Madness (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9419884/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0)
Shane: Beyond “Beef” Jerky (https://www.beyondmeat.com/en-US/products/beyond-meat-jerky)

References and Links:

https://www.amazon.com/Manual-Creating-Atheists-Peter-Boghossian/dp/1939578094/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=manual+for+creating+atheists&qid=1649510992&sprefix=manual+for+creat%2Caps%2C76&sr=8-1
https://www.amazon.com/Science-Human-Behavior-B-F-Skinner/dp/0029290406
Who are 'cultural Catholics'? | Pew Research Center
What is Atheism? - American Atheists
Ben Shapiro: 'There's a God-shaped hole in our hearts, and we're filling it with anger' - Glenn Beck
Where do we go when we die? (mariecurie.org.uk)
https://www.psypost.org/2021/10/new-psychology-research-identifies-a-robust-predictor-of-atheism-in-adulthood-61921
The Science of Values: The Moral Landscape by Sam Harris - PMC (nih.gov)
The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values: Harris, Sam: 8581129111119: Amazon.com: Books
Sam Harris: “science must destroy religion” | Is there a God? (is-there-a-god.info)

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Today’s episode discusses religion, but rather the lack thereof. Atheists categorically reject the existence of gods and the practice of obeying any sort of higher power. How does this develop? Where do they generate their morals from without a bible, torah, Quran, etc? While religion has united people around the world in admittedly prosocial and enriched ways, it has influenced others to commit unspeakable acts of violence too. Perhaps the same variables influence people differently, and maybe there is more to the story.

Recommendations:
Abraham: Full Frontal with Samantha Bee (https://www.tbs.com/shows/full-frontal-with-samantha-bee)
Shane: Free Guy (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6264654/)

References and Links:

https://www.amazon.com/Manual-Creating-Atheists-Peter-Boghossian/dp/1939578094/ref=sr_1_1?keywords=manual+for+creating+atheists&qid=1649510992&sprefix=manual+for+creat%2Caps%2C76&sr=8-1
https://www.amazon.com/Science-Human-Behavior-B-F-Skinner/dp/0029290406
Who are 'cultural Catholics'? | Pew Research Center
What is Atheism? - American Atheists
Ben Shapiro: 'There's a God-shaped hole in our hearts, and we're filling it with anger' - Glenn Beck
Where do we go when we die? (mariecurie.org.uk)
https://www.psypost.org/2021/10/new-psychology-research-identifies-a-robust-predictor-of-atheism-in-adulthood-61921
The Science of Values: The Moral Landscape by Sam Harris - PMC (nih.gov)
The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values: Harris, Sam: 8581129111119: Amazon.com: Books
Sam Harris: “science must destroy religion” | Is there a God? (is-there-a-god.info)

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Like astrology and psychics, online personality tests generally use the Barnum effect to trick you into thinking they have something meaningful to say. They're tricksy like that. But they have also been used for extremely nefarious reasons, and in one instance, an implementation that lead to the beginning of the end of democracy in America. Also, we take some personality tests in real time.

Recommendations
- Shane: Sonic the Hedgehog 2 (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12412888/)
- Abraham: The Thing About Pam (Hulu; https://www.nbc.com/the-thing-about-pam)

Links and sources:
- https://lesley.edu/article/personality-development#:~:text=Personalities%20are%20based%20on%20subjective,ones%20that%20are%20increasingly%20complex.
- https://ed.ted.com/lessons/the-dark-history-of-iq-tests-stefan-c-dombrowski
- https://www.kqed.org/news/11781032/a-landmark-lawsuit-aimed-to-fix-special-ed-for-californias-black-students-it-didnt#:~:text=U.S.%20District%20Judge%20Robert%20Peckham,that%20has%20such%20a%20ban.
- https://www.dailymail.co.uk/tvshowbiz/article-10203631/Adele-reveals-magazine-personality-quiz-divorce.html
- https://nobaproject.com/modules/the-replication-crisis-in-psychology
- https://digest.bps.org.uk/2016/09/16/ten-famous-psychology-findings-that-its-been-difficult-to-replicate/
- https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-accurate-are-personality-tests/
- https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2017/07/the-internet-is-one-big-personality-test/531861/
- https://www.nytimes.com/2016/11/20/opinion/cambridge-analytica-facebook-quiz.html
- https://archives.cjr.org/behind_the_news/in_search_of_the_ur-quiz.php

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English, particularly American English, is not only a weird hodgepodge of many other languages and cultures from around the world and at different times, but it is also full of expressions and sayings that, without context, sound like nonsense gibberish. Why do we say these things? What do they mean? And where do these sayings come from? Strap in because we are all in the same boat as we paint the town red in our deep dive about idioms! We had a lot of fun and hopefully you'll think it's oll korrect as well.

Recommendations
Abraham recommended the 2021 film, Nobody (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7888964/)
Shane recommended the 90s pop-punk band, Mock Orange. He even made you a playlist! (https://open.spotify.com/playlist/1Ppf6t5C9v6xBz2p0T9CAN?si=80e8b4d379654528)

Links and References
1. https://bestlifeonline.com/strange-american-sayings/
2. https://isaccurate.com/blog/weird-american-sayings-and-expressions
3. https://www.wonderopolis.org/wonder/why-do-people-use-idioms
4. https://www.britannica.com/list/7-everyday-english-idioms-and-where-they-come-from
5. https://prowritingaid.com/art/1065/a-complete-guide-to-idioms.aspx
6. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/81624/origins-19-skin-expressions

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Most people sat through a painful routine performance appraisal, likely an annual one. How many of these are effectively designed to be productive? How many people actually remember what they were supposed to work on from that last review in the fall right before the chaos of the holidays? If done correctly, an appraisal can identify help performance improve as well as highlight employee achievement and growth. Few are done correctly. Avoiding falling into familiar traps of ineffective feedback may be fundamental to success. Today’s episode will identify several strategies that can strengthen employee review systems to help both the employee and the company find the best outcomes possible.

Recommendations

Abraham: Antlers (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt7740510/)
Shane: Radical Candor by Kim Scott (https://www.radicalcandor.com/)

Links and References
-Carr et al. (2013) https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3680147/
-Friman (2021) https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/jaba.816
-DiNovi & Gavoni (2021) https://www.amazon.com/5-Scientific-Laws-Life-Leadership/dp/1954759258/ref=sr_1_2?crid=1407096W1LT9I&keywords=dinovi+gavoni&qid=1647779916&sprefix=dinovi+gavoni%2Caps%2C79&sr=8-2
-https://hbr.org/2011/11/delivering-an-effective-perfor
-https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/giving-performance-feedback

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Horoscopes are mostly harmless bits of fun. But how do they work? Why do we believe them? And why does the episode title imply harm? Learn more and another vocab term.

Recommendations:
Abraham recommended the exercise phone case: Tribe Water Resistant Cell Phone Arm Band (https://www.tribefitnessusa.com/products/armband)
Shane recommended the new film adaptation of Dune (https://www.dunemovie.com/). What did you think? Do you have any recommendations for book adaptations?

Links and References:

https://gizmodo.com/why-believing-in-astrology-is-not-as-harmless-as-you-th-1595802206
https://statmodeling.stat.columbia.edu/2020/04/11/42552/
https://www.britannica.com/topic/astrology/Purposes-of-astrology
https://www.thehoroscope.co/birthday-analyser/January-18-1986-horoscope-and-zodiac-sign-meanings-13176.html
https://jungleworks.com/technology-and-the-2-2-billion-astrology-market-why-is-online-astrology-getting-so-popular/#:~:text=Blog%20Panther-,Technology%20%26%20the%20%242.2%20Billion%20Astrology%20Market%3A%20Why%20is,Online%20Astrology%20Getting%20so%20Popular%3F&text=A%20study%20revealed%20that%20the,in%20the%20United%20States%20alone!
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0191886921007686
https://www.academia.edu/33516637/The_Negative_Effects_of_Excessive_Belief_in_Astrology
https://ijmaberjournal.org/index.php/ijmaber/article/view/111
https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210205-why-astrology-is-so-popular-now
https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/psaprocbienmeetp.1978.1.192639
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.2466/pr0.1997.81.3.1035
https://time.com/5867647/nasa-zodiac-star/

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This is the episode to make you want to snack. Or maybe want to hurl if you had talk of chewing. We investigated the reason crunchy food is so appealing to us. Why do we NEED the crunch? Turns out, there are some interesting answers! Tell us about your favorite crunchy food.

Abraham recommended the Trader Joe's Dark Chocolate Lover's Chocolate Bar (https://www.sweetontraderjoes.com/2021/07/trader-joes-dark-chocolate-lovers-chocolate-bar-review.html). What sweet treats would you recommend?

Shane Recommend the gothic-y, macabre-y online retailer Black Craft Cult (blackcraftcult.com). What quirky underground clothes should he check out next?

References and Link
1. https://www.scienceabc.com/humans/why-do-we-like-crunchy-food.html
2. https://www.food24.com/the-science-behind-why-we-love-crispy-food-4-reasons-we-love-the-crunch/
3. https://www.myrecipes.com/extracrispy/why-humans-love-crispy-food-so-much
4. https://www.mentalfloss.com/article/531186/science-behind-why-we-crave-loud-and-crunchy-foods
5. https://www.mashed.com/651353/why-we-love-crunchy-foods-according-to-science/
6. https://audiology-web.s3.amazonaws.com/migrated/NoiseChart_Poster-%208.5x11.pdf_5399b289427535.32730330.pdf
7. https://www.wnycstudios.org/podcasts/science-diction/articles/how-did-the-cosmic-crisp-apple-get-its-name

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We expand on the environmental processes that create a context for depression. We elaborate on the pros and cons of the "diagnosis" of depression and how a behavior analyst would approach a client with depression. Listen in for part 2!

Recommendations
Abraham: Upload Season 2 (https://www.amazon.com/Upload-Season-2/dp/B09J1LD25Y)
Shane: Drug Church - Hygiene (https://drugchurch.bandcamp.com/album/hygiene)

Links and Resources
References/Links
Behavior Analyst Certification Board. (2020). Ethics code for behavior analysts. Littleton, CO: Author.

Biglan, A. (1991). Distressed behavior and its context. The Behavior Analyst, 14(2), 157-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03392566

Kanter, J. W., Cautilli, J. D., Busch, A. M., & Baruch, D. E. (2005). Toward a comprehensive functional analysis of depressive behavior: Five environmental factors and a possible sixth and seventh. The Behavior Analyst Today, 6(1), 65-81. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0100055

Reisinger, J. J. (1972). The treatment of “anxiety-depression” via positive reinforcement and response cost. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 5(2), 125-130.

Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Free Press.

Truschel, J. (2020, September 25). Depression definition and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. https://www.psycom.net/depression-definition-dsm-5-diagnostic-criteria/

World Health Organization. (2021, September 13). Depression. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

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Depression is a major mental health diagnosis and concern worldwide. A variety of treatment options have been developed by many disciplines, but a behavior analytic alternative has yet to enter the mainstream. Today’s episode will offer a behavior analytic interpretation of depression as it related to behavior patterns and contingencies, and offer a basis of treatment that could produce positive outcomes for a variety of clients.

Recommendations
Abraham: The Litter Genie (https://www.littergenie.com/)
Shane: Unreal Deli (https://unrealdeli.com/)

References/Links
Behavior Analyst Certification Board. (2020). Ethics code for behavior analysts. Littleton, CO: Author.

Biglan, A. (1991). Distressed behavior and its context. The Behavior Analyst, 14(2), 157-169. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03392566

Reisinger, J. J. (1972). The treatment of “anxiety-depression” via positive reinforcement and response cost. Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, 5(2), 125-130.

Skinner, B. F. (1953). Science and human behavior. Free Press.

Truschel, J. (2020, September 25). Depression definition and DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. https://www.psycom.net/depression-definition-dsm-5-diagnostic-criteria/

World Health Organization. (2021, September 13). Depression. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression

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Is exercise good for your mental health? A lot of people certain think so. We dig into the research and philosophy about if exercise is mentally healthy and if so, how.

Recommendations

Abraham: Space Force Season 2 (https://www.netflix.com/title/81021929)
Shane: Integrity - Howling, For the Nightmare Shall Consume (https://integrity.bandcamp.com/)

References and Links
Links

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4055854/
https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/12/exercise
https://www.mentalhelp.net/blogs/the-impact-of-exercise-on-your-mental-health/
http://psychology.iresearchnet.com/sports-psychology/history-of-exercise-psychology/
https://www.apadivisions.org/division-47/about/resources/what-is
https://www.apadivisions.org/division-47/about/resources/defining.pdf
https://www.bacb.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/Behavior-Analysis-in-Health-and-Fitness-Fact-Sheet_210104.pdf
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/fit-femininity/201504/can-we-exercise-too-much

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The majority of people who buy into conspiracy theories are victims of fraud. Unfortunately, they can become zealous, proselytizing mouthpieces for those conspiracies, which makes them unsympathetic to many. Conspiracies primarily work by exploiting human biases and insecurities. Listen in to find out more about why your weird friend is dedicated to their crystals and mythological beliefs.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Spreaker.com
- Shane: The Book of Boba Fett (https://disneyplusoriginals.disney.com/show/the-book-of-boba-fett)

Resources and Links

https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2019/jan/23/conspiracy-theories-internet-survivors-truth
https://youtu.be/ru4yrQFH1Uc
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00280/full
https://www.apa.org/news/podcasts/speaking-of-psychology/conspiracy-theories
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/0963721417718261
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00205/full
https://www.rollingstone.com/culture/culture-features/ex-qanon-followers-cult-conspiracy-theory-pizzagate-1064076/
https://www.readersdigest.com.au/true-stories-lifestyle/12-crazy-conspiracy-theories-actually-turned-out-be-true
https://www.psypost.org/2018/11/people-who-see-patterns-where-none-exist-are-more-receptive-to-pseudo-profound-bullshit-52657
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ejsp.2331
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/why-do-some-people-believe-in-conspiracy-theories/
https://www.npr.org/2021/05/13/996570855/disinformation-dozen-test-facebooks-twitters-ability-to-curb-vaccine-hoaxes
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/12/09/technology/birds-arent-real-gen-z-misinformation.html
https://news.artnet.com/opinion/curiosities-birds-arent-real-google-indie-aesthetics-2048616

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Doulas and midwives aren't necessarily the crunchy granola hippies you might think they are. They also don't need to be female. We invited expert and certified doula Dr. Ashley Greenwald to talk to us about what doulas are and why every person preparing to a birth should have a doula around.

Recommendations:
Salena: "The New Jim Crow" by Michelle Alexander (https://newjimcrow.com/) and "Even the Rat Was White."
Abraham: "The Woman in the House Across the Street From the Girl in the Window" (https://www.netflix.com/title/81305952)

Sources and Links
- National Center for Health Statistics (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nvss/births.htm)
- Teaching History (https://teachinghistory.org/history-content/ask-a-historian/24097)
- History of US/North American Hospitals (https://static1.squarespace.com/static/5b3d0a51c3c16a31624ce3f9/t/5d9a482afc89f51722a1413d/1570392110473/A+Brief+History+of+Hospitals+in+America+Revised.pdf)
- History of Midwives (https://www.registerednursing.org/articles/history-midwifery/)
- Britannica: Midwifery (https://www.britannica.com/science/midwifery)
- Midwives Act of 1902 (Britain/UK; https://navigator.health.org.uk/theme/midwives-act-1902)
- The Making of a Male Midwife BBC (https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-41426691)
- Why was it called the Spanish Flu? (https://www.history.com/news/why-was-it-called-the-spanish-flu)
- The High cost of having a baby in America- The Atlantic (https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/01/how-much-does-it-cost-have-baby-us/604519/)
- American Action Forum (Maternal Mortality in The United States; https://www.americanactionforum.org/insight/maternal-mortality-in-the-united-states/)

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William James, or Billy Jilly as we called him in this discussion, is often referred to as the father of modern psychology. Indeed, his writings and philosophy were instrumental in the orientation to psychology that made it a science. If you didn't know or didn't remember much about him, this is a great revisit of who he was. Also, it is likely that his accomplishments overshadow those of other because he was a white man born into wealth and privilege, and we go after a college for their history of racism and sexism.

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We are joined by special guests Dr. Andre Bulla and Oscar Turcios who share their continued adventure training wolves on a reserve. We invited them on after a conference presentation in which they described their experiences testing for concept learning in wolves, learning about wolves, and traveling during pandemic. It all started with a bottle of bourbon. Listen in to hear their story about training wolves.

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Munchausen By Proxy, or Factitious Disorder Imposed on another (FDIA) is (somewhat) assumed to affect 1,000 of the 2.5 million cases of child abuse reported annually, although there are disputes regarding incidence rates because of the difficulty to recognize and diagnose. Some say it could be much more common. 93% of FDIA cases the abuser is the mother or female guardian/caregiver. This disorder is devastating to the abused child/dependent.

Recommendations
Abraham: Ozark Season 4 Part 1 (https://www.netflix.com/title/80117552)
Shane: Pinegrove - 11:11 (https://store.pinegroveband.com/products/713782-11-11-album)

Links/Sources:
1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malingering
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Somatization_disorder
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factitious_disorder_imposed_on_self
4. https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/ishm/vesalius/VESx2002x08x01.pdf
5. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0140673651923136
6. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1028417/
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folie_%C3%A0_deux
8. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1078.8665&rep=rep1&type=pdf
9. http://web.tiscali.it/humanrights/articles/meadow77.html
10. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9834-factitious-disorder-imposed-on-another-fdia
11. Schreier, HA (2004). "Munchausen by Proxy". Curr Probl Pediatr Adolesc Health Care. 34 (3): 126–143. doi:10.1016/j.cppeds.2003.09.003. PMID 15039661.
12. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/factitious-disorder/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20356034
13. R v LM [2004] QCA 192 at para. 67 (4 June 2004)
14. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Reimer
15. Associated Press (April 8, 2016). "Mommy blogger gets 20 years to life for salt-poisoning son". NY Post.
16. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24563814
17. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5fPZ2trpbMs
18. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/factitious-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20356028#:~:text=Factitious%20disorder%20imposed%20on%20another,the%20intention%20of%20deceiving%20others.
19. https://youtu.be/eNDDyC25QgA
20. https://denvergazette.com/news/courts/kelly-turner-pleads-guilty-in-connection-with-death-of-7-year-old-daughter/article_8967b4c2-6ce7-11ec-ae8b-fb2d364f66d4.html

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Turns out the method of persuasion we have all grown to love being on the receiving end of, condescending lectures and rhetorical questions, might not be the most effective way of connecting with someone and helping them change their mind. Motivational interviewing is not only a non-combative counseling style, it is also a strategy for being a good listener. You have probably heard something about it, so listen in to get the bigger picture.

Recommendations
- Abraham: Soda Stream (https://sodastream.com/?gclid=Cj0KCQiAoY-PBhCNARIsABcz773g7lXUjExBBaztaFBw3aH_rMaTGxz2ydVupd10yAnsN93DKKJoPYkaAlHZEALw_wcB)
- Shane: Vegan birria tacos

Sources and additional content

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2686983/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3808251/
Motivational Interviewing: Preparing People to Change Addictive Behavior by William Miller and Stephen Rollnick (book)
https://www.amazon.com/talking-start-communicating-Motivational-Interviewing/dp/B089M1FBLF

How to stop talking and start communicating with Motivational Interviewing: A behavior therapist's guide on how to effectively collaborate with caregivers

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Search and rescue is an amazing, generous, and honorable activity... that is also dangerous and requires training. If you want to join search and rescue efforts, you can go through training or donate to the cause (https://greatnonprofits.org/categories/view/search-and-rescue-squads_). People might join this effort as a natural segue from their current line of work, to gain notoriety, to feel helpful, or because they're bored. There are also several types of search and rescue. Learn about it by listening to our episode.

Recommendations
Abraham recommended Everdell the board game (https://www.starling.games/everdell)
Shane recommended the album "Welcome to the Nightmare" by Section H8 (https://flatspotrecords.bandcamp.com/album/fsr56-welcome-to-the-nightmare)

Join us on Patreon!
patreon.com/wwdwwdpodcast

Links:
1. https://www.wildernessmag.co.nz/brief-history-search-rescue/
2. https://www.maritime-executive.com/editorials/the-evolution-of-the-uscgs-search-and-rescue-mission
3. https://www.bts.gov/content/us-coast-guard-search-and-rescue-statistics-fiscal-year
4. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/18/these-charts-show-most-common-reasons-people-need-rescues-national-parks/rmxtZQhUBrPDx76XIaexrI/story.html
5. https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2016/11/18/these-charts-show-most-common-reasons-people-need-rescues-national-parks/rmxtZQhUBrPDx76XIaexrI/story.html
6. https://www.insarag.org/
7. https://adventure.howstuffworks.com/search-and-rescue.htm
8. https://kyem.ky.gov/Who%20We%20Are/Documents/SAR%20Field%20Search%20Methods.pdf
9. https://learn.org/articles/First_Responder_5_Steps_to_Becoming_a_First_Responder.html
10. https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/finding-a-job/how-to-get-search-and-rescue-job
11. https://skyaboveus.com/wilderness-survival/How-to-Join-a-Search-and-Rescue-Team
12. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/26993653_A_Brief_Summary_of_Search_and_Rescue_Literature_A_Report_to_COT_Netherlands
13. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/089124101030002001
14. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02744/full
15. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449496/
16. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5996094/
17. https://www.history.com/news/most-dramatic-rescues-in-history-baby-jessica-chilean-miners-andrea-doria
18. https://bangordailynews.com/2016/09/14/opinion/what-motivates-someone-to-join-search-and-rescue/

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We are cataloguing the strange, modern custom of intentionally/unintentionally starting massive wild-fires because of the excitement about what kind of equipment might be between a babies legs. Of course, we are talking aboutGender-reveal parties: WHY oh WHY do we still do them? All you wanted to (and didn’t want to) know about the strange need to celebrate this.

Recommendations

Abraham: Umbrella Academy Season 1 (https://www.netflix.com/title/80186863)
Shane: Nolan Batman Trilogy (https://www.imdb.com/list/ls074982207/)

Resources
1. https://www.npr.org/2019/07/28/745990073/woman-who-popularized-gender-reveal-parties-says-her-views-on-gender-have-change
2. Nahata, Leena (November 24, 2017). "The Gender Reveal: Implications of a Cultural Tradition for Pediatric Health". Pediatrics. 140 (6): e20171834. doi:10.1542/peds.2017-1834. ISSN 0031-4005. PMID 29175971.
3. Gieseler, Carly (February 9, 2017). "Gender-reveal parties: performing community identity in pink and blue". Journal of Gender Studies. 27 (6): 661–671. doi:10.1080/09589236.2017.1287066. ISSN 0958-9236. S2CID 151390917.
4. https://www.babyshowereasy.com/blog/international-gender-reveal - This is absolutely ridiculous - link to page where they give (very biased) ideas about gender reveal parties that you can do themed for different countries.
5. Karvunidis, Jenna (September 7, 2020). "Oh my god NO. The fire that evacuated parts of California is from a GENDER REVEAL PARTY". www.facebook.com. High Gloss And Sauce. Retrieved September 19,2020.

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The past few decades in America have been some of the most financially challenging for a number of reasons. Professionals and academics have debated the exact reasons, looking at spending habits, recessions, the pandemic, and other factors that contribute to such phenomena. Still, saving money yields great potential for later-life comfort and prosperity. Everyone deserves a healthy and bountiful retirement, or at least a chance at achieving their financial goals. Through a series of small steps, one can make big waves on later goals one step at a time. It might not be easy up front, but it will nearly always yield a great return later on.

Links

https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/14/heres-how-many-americans-are-not-saving-any-money-for-emergencies-or-retirement-at-all.html

https://bethebudget.com/10-reasons-you-cant-save-money/

https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/15/the-no-1-reason-why-americans-struggle-to-save-money-isnt-debt.html

https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/04/why-dont-americans-save-money/478929/

https://smartasset.com/checking-account/5-reasons-you-cant-save-money

https://www.thebalance.com/ways-to-be-better-with-money-960664

Recommendations

Abraham: Dexter: New Blood (https://www.sho.com/dexter-new-blood)
Shane: The Philosopher’s Flight by Tom Miller (https://www.simonandschuster.com/books/The-Philosophers-Flight/Tom-Miller/The-Philosophers-Series/9781476778167)

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You might have thought it was 2021, and for most people out there, it is. But around the world, some cultures still cling to alternative measures of time, mostly based on the solar cycle but numbered or ordered differently based on deeply held traditions and values. These alternative calendars celebrate important milestones, memories, and events that define a given culture, and preserving those traditions means the survival of the group as a whole.

Recommendations
Abraham recommended: the Tushy! (https://hellotushy.com/).
Shane recommended: Drug Use for Grown-Ups by Dr. Carl L. Hart (https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/534657/drug-use-for-grown-ups-by-dr-carl-l-hart/).

Sources We Used:
https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/u.osu.edu/dist/d/37041/files/2016/12/Tonietto-and-Malkoc-JMR-2016-2b6lj4e.pdf
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/how-do-life/201701/choosing-calendar
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1034385/current-year-various-calendars/
Šegan-Radonjić, M., & Šegan, S. (2020, April 28). Calendar as a Criterion in the Study of Culture. https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.io/rp5hb
https://www.history.com/news/6-things-you-may-not-know-about-the-gregorian-calendar
https://nationaldaycalendar.com/register-a-national-day/
https://www.statista.com/statistics/1034385/current-year-various-calendars/

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In a retrospective follow-up with Dr. Kerri Milyko and Dr. Megan Miller, we revisit the discussion around Applied Behavior Analysis, Anti-Ableism, Autism, and how we can all do better. For those of you eager to hear voices other than Abraham and Shane discussing this topic, this is one of the episodes you've been waiting for.

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References
-https://www.history.com/topics/christmas/santa-claus
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wS1Uck8P-_A
-https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OO6a6Ue2z5I

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"Pretend reasons" for being hesitant about the vaccine are the conspiracy theories and nonsense. Motivated reasons are the biases and excuses that sound legitimate, but really have no actual merit. The strategies to help someone become better educated include listening to them, asking them questions that demonstrate the flaws in their logic, being honest, and sharing data and information non-judgmentally.

Links and Resources:

https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-319

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/covid19-vaccine-hesitancy-12-things-you-need-to-know

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPHgRp70H8o

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWI0YiSmTKs&t=2s

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Oura Ring (https://ouraring.com/?g_network=g&g_adid=562206779993&g_keyword=oura%20ring&g_adtype=search&g_campaign=G_SEM_Brand_Intent_US&g_keywordid=kwd-305035554360&utm_campaign=G_SEM_Brand_Intent_US&g_adgroupid=70823106696&g_acctid=553-919-5922&g_campaignid=1016078591&utm_medium=cpc&utm_source=google&gclid=CjwKCAiAwKyNBhBfEiwA_mrUMlUj1ypfLQzCIwP_x9T-b7qUZ0kxtnXi41G4vtQosNZ_vOpTOanN6BoC2mIQAvD_BwE)

Shane: Ghostbusters: Afterlife (https://www.ghostbusters.com/)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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We may disagree with them, strongly, but those of us who are hesitant about getting the vaccine, are not stupid. And treating them as such will only cause them to dig their heels in more strongly. To begin, it is helpful to understand the virus and about the plan to develop a vaccine. We also suggest that there are three ways to think about the reasons for hesitancy: general reasons, pretend reasons, and motivated reasons. We get through the first of these. You probably know someone who falls into one of these three!

Links and Resources: https://www.gao.gov/products/gao-21-319

https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseases/coronavirus/covid19-vaccine-hesitancy-12-things-you-need-to-know

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gPHgRp70H8o

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qWI0YiSmTKs&t=2s

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: None today :(

Shane:

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Gwyneth Paltrow’s Goop brand markets itself as an “alternative wellness” brand that encompasses a variety of products, tips, and information geared toward improving the wellbeing of most anyone. There are suggestions for everything from food, sexual health, clothing, and more. But the promises of improvement may be based on loose information, lack of science, of falsehoods. Still, the brand has become a powerhouse worth hundreds of millions of dollars, and despite several instances of criticism, continues to grow its empire. While we might think that the average consumer is looking for legitimate products and answers to their problem, the old adage still holds: the customer is always right, whether the scientist likes it or not. Links and Resources:

https://goop.com/whats-goop/

https://www.usmagazine.com/celebrity-body/pictures/gwyneth-paltrows-most-controversial-goop-moments/vaginal-steaming/

https://www.cheatsheet.com/entertainment/why-is-gwyneth-paltrows-goop-so-controversial.html/

https://www.womanandhome.com/us/life/news-entertainment/what-is-gwyneth-paltrows-goop-brand-as-product-explodes-in-fans-living-room/

https://www.insider.com/goop-history-gwyneth-paltrow-controversy-products-2019-9#in-a-move-to-provide-break-into-the-beauty-business-goop-debuted-a-nontoxic-skin-care-line-with-juice-beauty-in-2016-11

https://www.bbc.com/news/health-51312438

https://latana.com/post/goop-deep-dive/

https://www.usmagazine.com/stylish/news/gwyneth-paltrow-shares-goop-vagina-candle-inspiration-details/

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: A Quiet Place pt II (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8332922/)

Shane: Apple Cider

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Bounty hunting has evolved from several centuries ago from a more renegade and vigilante practice and into a formal, licensed, and routine job. Those who enter the business are often ex-law enforcement looking for private work and potential for big payouts. They are given license to use certain tactics that police are not allowed to, which makes the job potentially more exciting in some surveillance methods.

Links and Resources:

Bounty Hunter Laws by State (understandingbailbonds.com)

https://people.howstuffworks.com/bounty-hunting4.htm

https://www.history.co.uk/article/5-famous-bounty-hunters

https://work.chron.com/college-classes-need-private-investigator-27168.html

https://www.indeed.com/career-advice/career-development/how-to-become-bounty-hunter

https://www.criminaljusticedegreeschools.com/careers/bounty-hunter/

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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This ideological and foolish program was not only ineffective but in some instances lead to increases in the likelihood that children would use drugs. Jeff Sessions supports it though. The D.A.R.E. program and the war on drugs was a rallying cry for the righteously anti-science and both caused more harm than good. D.A.R.E. to resist failed interventions.

Links and Resources:

DARE website: https://dare.org/about/

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E2lJYBpzyN8 (10 minutes, Steven Colbert highlighting D.A.R.E. history and it’s failures, goes through history though).

https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/wonk/wp/2017/07/12/a-brief-history-of-d-a-r-e-the-anti-drug-program-jeff-sessions-wants-to-revive/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28595059/

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/24425491_A_Multivariate_Approach_to_a_Meta-Analytic_Review_of_the_Effectiveness_of_the_DARE_Program

https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/fasd/features/teen-substance-use.html

https://www.history.com/topics/1980s/just-say-no

Lynam, D. R., Milich, R., Zimmerman, R., Novak, S. P., Logan, T. K., Martin, C., Leukefeld, C., & Clayton, R. (1999). Project DARE: No effects at 10-year follow-up. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67(4), 590–593. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.67.4.590

https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/Digitization/152055NCJRS.pdf

https://americanaddictioncenters.org/blog/why-the-dare-program-failed

Gosin, M., Marsiglia, F. F., & Hecht, M. L. (2003). Keepin' it R.E.A.L.: a drug resistance curriculum tailored to the strengths and needs of pre-adolescents of the southwest. Journal of drug education, 33(2), 119–142. https://doi.org/10.2190/DXB9-1V2P-C27J-V69V

https://www.alcoholproblemsandsolutions.org/alternatives-to-d-a-r-e-drug-abuse-resistance-education-program/

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/09687637.2016.1208731

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Whole Foods Chocolate Truffles (https://www.wholefoodsmarket.com/product/whole-foods-market-whole-foods-organic-chocolate-truffles-88-ounce-b001mm71kw)

Shane: Eternals (https://www.marvel.com/movies/eternals)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Only a small percentage of people who have attempted to be astronauts have succeeded. The training and physical requirements are extremely stringent. This is because billions of dollars and many lives are at stake for the smallest mistake. Another component is what motivates someone to put themselves at risk. Particularly considering how little compensation is actually available.

Links:

https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/postsecondary/features/F_Astronaut_Requirements.html

https://www.nasa.gov/centers/johnson/pdf/606877main_FS-2011-11-057-JSC-astro_trng.pdf

https://science.howstuffworks.com/innovation/inventions/top-5-nasa-inventions.htm

https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/development-and-psychopathology/article/abs/hidden-talents-in-harsh-environments/E5955348146CE5EE527AE225B1817628

https://serc.carleton.edu/microbelife/extreme/environments.html

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/nasa-s-twins-study-results-published-in-science

https://history.nasa.gov/SP-4225/long-duration/long.htm

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_and_sociological_effects_of_spaceflight

https://www.space.com/26799-nasa-astronauts-psychological-evaluation.html Recommendations Abraham: Bad Times at the El Royale (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6628394/)

Shane: Every Time I Die - Radical (https://everytimeidie.net/)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Poisoning yourself can save your life! Although this statement makes it seem like we are some alternative medicine podcast or Goop shill, we are neither! The practice of taking small amounts of poison is called "Mithridatism" after the legendary King of Pontus who feared assassination by poison. In so doing, he became of the earliest and most expert chemists of his time. Why would people do this today? The short answer: snakes. But there might be other reasons too...

Links:

https://daily.jstor.org/poisoning-like-the-romans/

https://gizmodo.com/the-ironic-end-of-the-man-who-made-himself-immune-to-po-5972414

https://interestingengineering.com/king-poisoned-himself-regularly-and-used-honey-to-destroy-armies

https://youtu.be/kWUJqwuwlh8

https://youtu.be/gu0vyDeJDeY

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Shang-Chi: And the Legend of the Ten Rings (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9376612/)

Shane: Hey Ho, Let’s Go - The Story of the Ramones by Everette True (https://omnibuspress.com/products/hey-ho-lets-go-the-st0ry-of-the-ramones)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Did you ever think about that "burying" means when it comes to the dead? Although many creatures might end up in the dirt, humans seem to be the only ones who do it intentionally. The first evidence of "burials" took place in a cave. You might not also think about how much is wasted in modern funeral practices. Caskets, tombstones, cremation, burial plots, and formaldehyde are horrific for the environment. There, joy destroyed. Happy Halloween!

Links:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burial#:~:text=It%20has%20been%20used%20to,to%20the%20cycle%20of%20life. (Description of burials)

https://www.joincake.com/blog/why-do-we-bury-the-dead/ (Cultural burial practices)

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sky_burial (Description of sky burials)

https://youtu.be/o2dvXWX3Sdw (Problems with modern burial practices)

https://youtu.be/nXZSm0PqJHw (History of burials video)

Patrick, B. K., & Thompson, J. M. (2015). An uncommon history of common things. (Book, Vol. 1 p. 89)

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Promising Young Woman (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9620292/)

Shane: Become a coral reef (https://www.eternalreefs.com/)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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There are feelings that we call "the creeps:" Heightened awareness, the chills, dilated pupils. There are things that are creepy: things in contextually inappropriate places, things that imply a history of violence. And there are characteristics of creepy: greasy and poor hygiene, jobs having to do with death or exploitation, and suggesting predatory sexual behavior. I got creeped out just writing this. However, like most things, these are contextually influenced by our culture. What creeps you out?

Links:

https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/science-creepiness-180957093/

https://www.academia.edu/2465121/Creepiness

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Morels Mobile Game (https://apps.apple.com/us/app/morels/id1396126409)

Shane: House of Leaves by Mark Z. Danielewski (https://www.penguinrandomhouse.com/books/36526/house-of-leaves-by-mark-z-danielewski/)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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There are legitimate medical conditions that may have given rise to the myth of vampires. We discuss the history of vampire lore, vampirism in other cultures, and the diseases that may have inspired the concept of vampires.

Links:

https://medium.com/@TheJessicaBugg/common-types-of-vampires-fd3bcaec070f

https://go.gale.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA248333953&sid=googleScholar&v=2.1⁢=r&linkaccess=abs&issn=15354075&p=AONE&sw=w&userGroupName=anon%7E72303989#:~:text=Renfield's%20syndrome%2C%20also%20called%20clinical,being%20a%20vampire%2C%20fetishes%2C%20and

https://www.history.com/topics/folklore/vampire-history

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/vampire-book_b_1948981

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Shane: I Am Legend by Richard Matheson (https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?an=matheson&bi=h&bx=off&ds=30&fe=on&sortby=1&sts=t&tn=i+am+legend&x=0&y=0)

Abraham: Only Murders in the Building (Hulu; https://www.hulu.com/series/only-murders-in-the-building-ef31c7e1-cd0f-4e07-848d-1cbfedb50ddf?cmp=11932&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=CM_SEM_Various+Niche+Originals&utm_term=only%20murders%20in%20the%20building&gclid=Cj0KCQjwnoqLBhD4ARIsAL5JedL7Zf6VRuMYd0lVkUwaJmm4e_f7hG-E6UfRWgDSghnZ_00BWEZERI8aAls8EALw_wcB&gclsrc=aw.ds)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Halloween is a timeless tradition that offers innocent and sometimes mischievous fun for people of all ages. It’s at time where anyone can mask their identity in place of a playful one, dive into buckets of candy, and wake up the next day with a hell of a hangover or stomachache. However, the commercialized Halloween we know and love today began during the Middle Ages as a pagan festival for the harvest, one in which the changing of the season was associated with connecting with the spirits of the dead. Several celebratory traditions emerged that exist in some form today, and others evolved later as the tradition spread in North America. While some people associate the holiday with darker imagery and messaging, it remains a generally secular holiday that can be accessed by people from all cultures and religions. Although Covid put Halloween on a hiatus in 2020, we are hoping that it returns safely and enjoyably now in 2021!

Links: https://www.countryliving.com/entertaining/a40250/heres-why-we-really-celebrate-halloween/

https://ababehavioralspecialists.com/halloween-tips/

https://arstechnica.com/science/2019/10/forget-poisoned-candy-and-razor-blades-heres-the-real-halloween-horror/

https://www.faithgateway.com/family-doesnt-celebrate-halloween/#.YUYQ67hKjIX

https://www.history.com/news/how-americans-became-convinced-their-halloween-candy-was-poisoned

https://www.cnn.com/2019/10/30/health/halloween-candy-panic-conversation-wellness/index.html

https://religionunplugged.com/news/2020/10/27/why-some-religious-people-still-refuse-to-celebrate-halloween

https://www.history.com/topics/halloween/halloween-around-the-world

https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/five-myths-about-halloween/2014/10/24/b9b60800-5939-11e4-8264-deed989ae9a2_story.html

https://www.romper.com/life/halloween-tattoos

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Shane: AFI - Black Sails in the Sunset and the All Hallows EP (https://open.spotify.com/album/05vHKNdCinN1q1emA34zNY)
Abraham: Santa Clarita Diet Petition (https://www.change.org/p/netflix-santa-clarita-diet-netflix)
Alan: Jimmy Kimmel post-Halloween prank videos where parents pretend they ate their kids’ candy (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_YQpbzQ6gzs)
Go visit Salem, Massachusetts during the non-Halloween season. Go in late summer or early fall, it’s gorgeous, great food, overlooks the water, and you can rent bikes for free at the Hawthorne Hotel and pedal around to see some of the filming locations from “Hocus Pocus” or just chill in a record store or lobster festival. (https://www.salem.org/)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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This rare disease has been described as "the one you would want to get if you had to have a disorder." Nevertheless, the long-term effects are deleterious. One of the hosts disclosed having this diagnosis. Hypomania is somewhat convoluted and highly associated with more familiar disorders such as bipolar. Find out more in this episode!

Links: 1. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519704/table/ch3.t9/ 2. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-hypomania-how-is-it-diagnosed-380313 3. https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/hypomania/hypomania-statistics/#:~:text=About%2060%25%20of%20people%20with,and%20a%20substance%20use%20disorder 4. https://www.webmd.com/bipolar-disorder/guide/hypomania-mania-symptoms 5. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bipolar-disorder/symptoms-causes/syc-20355955 6. https://www.healthline.com/health/mania-vs-hypomania 7. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0010440X14000510 8. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0165032710000303 9. https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/article-abstract/208953 10. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0514404w

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Wheel of Time Trailer (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Fus4Xb_TLg)

Shane: The Mist (the book https://stephenking.com/works/novella/mist.html AND the moviehttps://www.imdb.com/title/tt0884328/)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Did you know the first attempt to catalog mental health diversity occurred as part of the US Census? Although people had been imprisoning people for "mental health" issues for a century beforehand, the first attempts to categorize neuro-diverse individuals did not begin until the mid 1800s. Once the DSM was established it went through several iterations and conceptual and technological shifts. Learn all about our weird plot-less book!

Links:

https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/practice/dsm/history-of-the-dsm (A brief but relatively comprehensive history of the DSM, omitting any specific diagnoses, also written in reverse chronological order)

https://youtu.be/UiY6wr--0dE (Crash Course video on the history of DSM; how the US was a supervillain about mental health in the beginning)

https://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/mental-disorders/dsm-diagnostic-and-statistical-manual-mental-disorders.htm (What the DSM is and how it came to be)

https://www.nlm.nih.gov/hmd/diseases/early.html (Timeline of mental hospitals in the US)

https://ps.psychiatryonline.org/doi/full/10.1176/appi.ps.53.3.288 (Objectives of DSM revisions)

Kessler, R. C., Chiu, W. T., Demler, O., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Prevalence, severity, and comorbidity of 12-month DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of general psychiatry, 62(6), 617–627. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.617 (Rates of Comorbidity in the DSM IV)

Surís, A., Holliday, R., & North, C. S. (2016). The Evolution of the Classification of Psychiatric Disorders. Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland), 6(1), 5. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs6010005 (in depth history of the DSM)

https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/apa/72736https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/apa/72736 (Description of the DSM as a “Living Document”

Kawa, S., & Giordano, J. (2012). A brief historicity of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders: issues and implications for the future of psychiatric canon and practice. Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM, 7, 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/1747-5341-7-2 (Comprehensive History of the DSM)

Past Episodes Referenced:

Episode 88 on lobotomies as therapy

Episode 109 on Deinstitutionalizing mental health patients

Episode 206 on Ivan Pavlov

Episode 110 on diagnosing mental health conditions

Episode 24 on what happened to Asperger syndrome

Episode 196 on why we name things

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Bad Samaritan (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt3203528/) Shane: Nectarines

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Conservatorship didn't begin with Britney Spears. Shane and Abraham discuss her case and the general principle behind conservatorship. This is meant to be a good thing, and often is a good thing, but there is the potential for abuse. We discuss some considerations for this.

Links for Today:

https://www.courts.ca.gov/selfhelp-conservatorship.htm?rdeLocaleAttr=en#link=%7B%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https://www.courts.ca.gov/selfhelp-conservatorship.htm?rdeLocaleAttr=en%22,%22target%22:%22_blank%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22court%20system.%22%7D#link=%7B%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https://www.courts.ca.gov/selfhelp-conservatorship.htm?rdeLocaleAttr=en#link=%7B%22role%22:%22standard%22,%22href%22:%22https://www.courts.ca.gov/selfhelp-conservatorship.htm?rdeLocaleAttr=en%22,%22target%22:%22_blank%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22court%20system.%22%7D%22,%22target%22:%22%22,%22absolute%22:%22%22,%22linkText%22:%22court%20system.%22

https://www.salvolaw.com/blog/2017/02/do-you-want-to-risk-a-court-appointed-conservatorship/

https://www.forbes.com/sites/nextavenue/2015/05/15/beware-the-con-game-of-conservatorships/?sh=615be6d4a89b

https://www.vulture.com/2021/06/conservatorships-freebritney-kanye-west.html#:~:text=According%20to%20the%20Superior%20Court%2Cmanage%20them%20on%20their%20own

https://www.hindustantimes.com/world-news/explained-what-is-conservatorship-and-why-is-britney-spears-under-one-101625504376740.html

https://www.aclu.org/news/disability-rights/how-conservatorship-threatens-britney-spears-civil-rights/

https://www.cbsnews.com/news/britney-spears-conservatorship-updates/

https://www.iheart.com/podcast/105-stuff-you-should-know-26940277/episode/conservatorships-freebritney-85229635/

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Wrong Turn (film, 2021; https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9110170/)

Shane: Bill and Ted Face the Music (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1086064/)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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The ability to travel far enough fast enough to feel the effects of a dramatically different day/night cycle is very new to the human experience. Only in the last century or century and a half has the concept of time zones even come to exist, let alone the idea that crossing them could mess with our biology. Now we are in the thick of it and the "treatments" are mostly bunk. Jet Lag is one of those things that is best treated with a change in behavior.

Links:

https://slate.com/human-interest/2015/11/when-did-people-start-moving-fast-enough-to-experience-jet-lag.html (History of Travel as it relates to Jet Lag)
https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/165339#:~:text=Jet%20lag%20is%20a%20circadian,individual%20to%20feel%20generally%20unwell (Jet lag: What it is and How to Beat it)
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/jet-lag/symptoms-causes/syc-20374027 (description of jet lag and recommendations)
https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/romantically-attached/201708/jet-lagged-heres-what-do-about-it (Psychological effects of jet lag)
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=psychology+of+jet+lag (The Science of Jet Lag and how to prevent it)
https://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/jet-lag.htm (Overview of what jet lag is and how to treat it)
https://www.airspacemag.com/need-to-know/when-did-the-term-jet-lag-come-into-use-71638/#:~:text=It's%20hard%20to%20say%20with,article%20on%20February%2013%2C%201966.&text=Jet%20Lag%20derives%20from%20the,leave%20your%20body%20rhythms%20behind.%22 (Where the term “jet lag” comes from)
http://www.jvsmedicscorner.com/Medicine_files/Jet%20lag%20Review.pdf (New England Journal of Medicine article summarizing research and recommendations for dealing with jet lag)
https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/jet-lag-treatment-market-size-2021-research-report-with-latest-opportunities-and-strategies-to-boost-growth-share-revenue-trends-covid-19-impact-and-recovery-regional-analysis-key-findings-future-prospects-2027-2021-08-20 (Jet Lag Industry Market Size Report)
https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB955063272457193413 (Marketed “Cures” for jet lag)
https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/12/25/AR2006122500491_2.html (Review of treatments for jet lag)

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: My Octopus Teacher (Netflix Documentary: https://www.netflix.com/title/81045007) Buzz Market Netflix
Shane: The Bronx - VI (https://thebronx.bandcamp.com/album/bronx-vi)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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There are different types of insomnia characterized by the causes and nature of the issue. For instance, insomnia caused by external factors such as drugs or kids, is not the primary kind of insomnia. To treat insomnia, one of the most powerful interventions is simply modifying sleep hygiene routines.

Links for Today:https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/symptoms-causes/syc-20355167

https://www.webmd.com/sleep-disorders/insomnia-symptoms-and-causes

https://www.sleepfoundation.org/insomnia

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Kick-Ass Graphic Novels (https://www.amazon.com/Kick-Ass-Mark-Millar/dp/0785132619)

Shane: Rise Against - Nowhere Generation (https://www.riseagainst.com/)

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Rick and Morty Season 5 (https://www.adultswim.com/videos/rick-and-morty)

Shane: In a Sunburned Country by Bill Bryson (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24.In_a_Sunburned_Country)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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It is not hard to find websites and gurus offering the promise of reading at extreme speeds while maintaining high comprehension. So, what doesn't everyone do this? Because there are physical limits to what humans can do. Speed reading is an empty promise without evidence.

Links for Today:

https://qz.com/597995/there-really-is-no-such-thing-as-speed-reading/

https://www.lifehack.org/articles/featured/speed-reading-successfully-a-starting-point.html

https://www.psychologicalscience.org/news/releases/speed-reading-promises-are-too-good-to-be-true-scientists-find.html

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Colors II - Between The Buried and Me (https://www.betweentheburiedandme.com/)

Shane: Foxing - Draw Down the Moon (https://foxingtheband.bandcamp.com/album/draw-down-the-moon)

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Rick and Morty Season 5 (https://www.adultswim.com/videos/rick-and-morty)

Shane: In a Sunburned Country by Bill Bryson (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24.In_a_Sunburned_Country)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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From “Thriller” to “Gangnam Style,” and everything in between, music videos have captured our hearts for several decades. This episode explores the early iterations that existed before the advent of MTV brought music videos into the mainstream and revolutionized it as an art form. With a unique combination of audio and visual stimuli, music videos continue to challenge the norm and launch new performers into stardom.

Links for Today:

https://crackmagazine.net/article/long-reads/history-music-video-beyonce-queen-missy-elliott-madonna/

https://yellowbrickstudiousa.com/soul-sessions-usa/the-music-video-industry/a-brief-history-of-music-videos/

https://medium.com/@pulsefilms/why-music-videos-are-still-so-important-views-from-inside-the-industry-ebaa7d4758d2

https://vue.ai/blog/retail-trends/evolution-of-music-videos-how-has-the-storytelling-changed/

https://www.history.com/news/the-music-video-before-music-television

https://www.redbrick.me/the-importance-of-music-videos/

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Tool: Schism; Dance Gavin Dance: Robot Series (https://youtu.be/Vl2Rmw5hsao); Taking Back Sunday: Cute Without the E, Cut from the Team; Thrice: Image of the Invisible; Polyphia: GOAT; Protest The Hero: Heretics and Killers; Periphery: Marigold

Shane: David Lee Roth - Just a Gigolo/I Ain’t Got Nobody; Strike Anywhere - Instinct; Rancid - Ruby Soho; Green Day - Basket Case; Amon Amarth - The Pursuit of Vikings, Slipknot - Duality; Beastie Boys - Sabatoge (https://youtu.be/z5rRZdiu1UE), Literally any OK Go video

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Rick and Morty Season 5 (https://www.adultswim.com/videos/rick-and-morty)

Shane: In a Sunburned Country by Bill Bryson (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24.In_a_Sunburned_Country)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Kleptomania is an accepted mental condition listed under a category of disorders related to impulse control. It involves an individual’s ability to resist “urges” that arise under unique circumstance that vary across each person, and often involve stealing small meaningless items from stores, loved ones, etc. While it’s more common in younger women, it exists across many types of people and often starts during adolescence. Given the low magnitude of early instances, individuals have a tendency to get away with it early on, but this behavior has the potential to get out of control very quickly. As the severity of the crime increases, so do the consequences. Catching this behavior before a court demands treatment along with fines or jail time is key in preventing a bigger problem. Treatments such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy have been successful in teaching replacement behavior and thoughts for more nefarious responses to common antecedents.

Links for Today:

https://www.therecoveryvillage.com/mental-health/kleptomania/related/kleptomania-statistics/

https://www.medicinenet.com/what_causes_kleptomania/article.htm#what_are_the_treatment_options_for_kleptomania

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/9878-kleptomania

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ804061.pdf

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/conditions/kleptomania

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/kleptomania/symptoms-causes/syc-20364732

https://www.verywellmind.com/what-you-should-know-about-kleptomania-4137660

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11065-019-09404-9

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Rick and Morty Season 5 (https://www.adultswim.com/videos/rick-and-morty)

Shane: In a Sunburned Country by Bill Bryson (https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/24.In_a_Sunburned_Country)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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There are several quintessential psychology experiments whose notoriety transcend beyond college Intro Psych Courses. Walter Mischel’s “Marshmallow Test,” as it became popularized as, was no exception. The seminal study gave kids a chance to wait for preferred items or demonstrate limited self-control by selecting a less-preferred option earlier. Mischel and his colleagues, as well as several follow-up studies, sought to determine the longitudinal value of their results on predicting academic and behavioral success. While initially there seemed to be a positive correlation, later examinations of the data and sample population have criticized its lack of representation to that of other factors in America such as socioeconomic status, education level, ethnicity, etc. More recent evaluations have scrutinized the same data alongside more potent environmental factors, suggesting that there might be far more to the story than simply being patient for a marshmallow in preschool.

Links for Today:

https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressrelease/the-marshmallow-test-revisited

https://www.simplypsychology.org/marshmallow-test.html

https://www.vox.com/science-and-health/2018/6/6/17413000/marshmallow-test-replication-mischel-psychology

https://www.theatlantic.com/family/archive/2018/06/marshmallow-test/561779/

https://www.universityofcalifornia.edu/news/marshmallow-test-revisited

https://anderson-review.ucla.edu/new-study-disavows-marshmallow-tests-predictive-powers/

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: The Hunt (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt8244784/)

Shane: Fables (https://www.comixology.com/The-Complete-Fables/bundle/1052)

You can reach us directly at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Shane and Abraham (Shanebraham) explore the not-a-disorder, but still very real experience that many people have. Misophonia (not the sound of musical miso, although that's what the name seems like it should imply) is a relatively common experience of an extreme aversion to certain sounds. For Abraham it is heavy machinery, for Shane, Avril Lavigne (jk!). Shane and Abraham have fun unpacking the science behind how misophonia develops and what you can do to change it you want to.

Links for Today:

https://www.differentbrains.org/resources/misophonia/
https://www.health.harvard.edu/blog/misophonia-sounds-really-make-crazy-2017042111534#:~:text=Nonetheless%2C%20misophonia%20is%20a%20real,more%20people%20than%20we%20realize.
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1534650114566924
https://www.soundrelief.com/treatments-for-misophonia/
https://www.healthline.com/health/misophonia

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations - Abraham: Have a game night! - Shane: A Quiet Place (Movie; https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6644200/)

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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If the last episode was the end, consider this the epilogue. The making-of, if you will. We recount our experiences with anxiety, ethics, planning, and all of the wonderful feedback we received. This is our postmortem for the process.

Links for Today:

https://childmind.org/article/controversy-around-applied-behavior-analysis/

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2019.1641258#:~:text=The%20operant%20conditioning%20and%20compliance,typical%20clients%20would%20never%20pass.

https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisedu.org/what-is-aba/

https://www.inbloomautism.com/post/is-aba-abusive

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVXckOGvpMs

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Rocky Mountain National Park (https://www.nps.gov/romo/index.htm)
Shane: Insomnia by Stephen King (https://stephenking.com/works/novel/insomnia.html)

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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The end. Fin. The culmination of the miniseries on the controversy around Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) as harmful. This final discussion is what we have been working toward over this entire series: the comparison of ABA to conversion therapy. The argument focuses on stereotypic behaviors and other "quirky" or non-normative behaviors in which non-neurotypical people might engage (not to mention that those neuro-typical people also demonstrate!). This was the most complex issue that we tackled and we are proud to bring you the conclusion of our efforts in this discussion.

Links for Today:

https://childmind.org/article/controversy-around-applied-behavior-analysis/

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2019.1641258#:~:text=The%20operant%20conditioning%20and%20compliance,typical%20clients%20would%20never%20pass.

https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisedu.org/what-is-aba/

https://www.inbloomautism.com/post/is-aba-abusive

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVXckOGvpMs

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations Abraham: Everyone is your family (or inner circle) Shane: Southern Biscuits

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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The argument is that Behavior Analysts don't consider a child's emotional well-being and ignore their feelings. Specifically, this is in regard to blocking or preventing self-soothing behaviors such as self-stimulatory "stereotypic" behaviors. Discussions of feelings are essentially absent from professional discussions as well. The first thing to address in this space is that behavior analysts are humans with feelings and consider the fact that emotions are important. However, behavior analysts are not specialists in emotions and will usually refer out for emotional support from other professionals with experience and training in emotions. The second part is related to the first in respect to the level of expertise.

Links for Today:

https://childmind.org/article/controversy-around-applied-behavior-analysis/

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2019.1641258#:~:text=The%20operant%20conditioning%20and%20compliance,typical%20clients%20would%20never%20pass.

https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisedu.org/what-is-aba/

https://www.inbloomautism.com/post/is-aba-abusive

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVXckOGvpMs

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations Recommendations

Abraham: Daily Exercise Challenge

Shane: Minus the Bear (https://www.minusthebear.com/)

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Teaching, managing, supervising, etc. requires some amount of scaffolding to train new skills. For example, providing explicit instruction, demonstrating the performance, immediate feedback, and even physical guidance are all used to help learn a new skill. However, if not faded from the instruction, then the learner becomes dependent on the guidance to perform the task. Several strategies can help mitigate prompt-dependency and we talk about them!

Links for Today:

https://childmind.org/article/controversy-around-applied-behavior-analysis/

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2019.1641258#:~:text=The%20operant%20conditioning%20and%20compliance,typical%20clients%20would%20never%20pass.

https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisedu.org/what-is-aba/

https://www.inbloomautism.com/post/is-aba-abusive

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVXckOGvpMs

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations Abraham: Loki (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loki_(TV_series) Shane: Whalebone Magazine (https://whalebonemag.com/)

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Over compliance can arise in coercive situations inside of many contexts including workplaces, relationships, and in ABA. It can also arise under multiple circumstances such as a highly reinforcing, or a highly coercive environment. Either way, we want people to think for themselves and ask for help. Noncompliance for the win!

Links for Today:

https://childmind.org/article/controversy-around-applied-behavior-analysis/

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2019.1641258#:~:text=The%20operant%20conditioning%20and%20compliance,typical%20clients%20would%20never%20pass.

https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisedu.org/what-is-aba/

https://www.inbloomautism.com/post/is-aba-abusive

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVXckOGvpMs

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations Abraham: Relient K “Forget and Not Slow Down” (https://g.co/kgs/W5VZyg) Shane: Do things you don’t normally do…for fun

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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One of the most substantial hurdles is ensuring that what we do can be applied to real-life situations. Generalization is one of the stated goals of the field of ABA and much has been done to increase the likelihood that kids can generalize their skills. Nevertheless, it is one of the areas in which we can and should do better.

Links for Today:

https://childmind.org/article/controversy-around-applied-behavior-analysis/

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2019.1641258#:~:text=The%20operant%20conditioning%20and%20compliance,typical%20clients%20would%20never%20pass.

https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisedu.org/what-is-aba/

https://www.inbloomautism.com/post/is-aba-abusive

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVXckOGvpMs

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations Abraham: Adopt something

Shane: Stephen King - Later (https://stephenking.com/works/novel/later.html)

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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One of the challenging aspects of teaching new behaviors is to teach them in such a way that they are meaningful to the individual, their social community, and to their family. Doing so can result in behaviors and speech that sound repetitive to the point of appearing robotic. It is something that can be offputting, and something that we can improve. Onward!

Links for Today:

https://childmind.org/article/controversy-around-applied-behavior-analysis/

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2019.1641258#:~:text=The%20operant%20conditioning%20and%20compliance,typical%20clients%20would%20never%20pass.

https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisedu.org/what-is-aba/

https://www.inbloomautism.com/post/is-aba-abusive

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVXckOGvpMs

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations Abraham: Adopt something

Shane: Stephen King - Later (https://stephenking.com/works/novel/later.html)

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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This discussion follows us into the past as we talk about the use of punishment as an intervention for changing behavior. This practice stood alongside a host of horrific treatments from a range of different fields for neuro-diverse individuals. But the use of punishment is all but completely absent from contemporary ABA. Nevertheless, we understand the concern about seeing our loved ones in distress.

Links for Today:

https://childmind.org/article/controversy-around-applied-behavior-analysis/

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2019.1641258#:~:text=The%20operant%20conditioning%20and%20compliance,typical%20clients%20would%20never%20pass.

https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisedu.org/what-is-aba/

https://www.inbloomautism.com/post/is-aba-abusive

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVXckOGvpMs

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations Abraham: Zevia soda (https://www.zevia.com/) Shane: NOFX - The Hepatitis Bathtub and Other Stories (https://fatwreck.com/products/the-hepatitis-bathtub-and-other-stories)

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Recent increases in the controversial accusations that Applied Behavior Analysis is harmful, abusive, and similar to conversion therapy, have lead to a vitriolic feud online. Although the message isn't very clear, we did our best to listen and distill the most common arguments into several points specific points. This is the first part introducing what is shaping up to be our most ambitious project to date.

Links for Today:

https://childmind.org/article/controversy-around-applied-behavior-analysis/

https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/23311908.2019.1641258#:~:text=The%20operant%20conditioning%20and%20compliance,typical%20clients%20would%20never%20pass.

https://www.appliedbehavioranalysisedu.org/what-is-aba/

https://www.inbloomautism.com/post/is-aba-abusive

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WVXckOGvpMs

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Chameleon Brand Cold-Brew Coffee

Shane: The Whisper Man by Alex North (https://celadonbooks.com/book/the-whisper-man/)

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Sex work is one of the oldest professions. In places where it is legal (or at least decriminalized), sex work is safe, healthy, and protects the workers. In places where it is blocked and criminalized, sex workers are raped, brutalized, exploited, and suffer mental health issues. The "righteous" path is the dangerous path. The worst part is, the people who condemn sex work are often benefitting from it. Learn all about why it happens and some of the myths that exist around it.

Links for Today:

https://sexworkersproject.org/media-toolkit/downloads/08-Myths.pdf

https://prostitution.procon.org/historical-timeline/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12082669/

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/strictly-casual/201410/do-sex-workers-have-more-mental-health-problems

https://www.huffpost.com/entry/16-facts-about-sexual-ass_b_8711720

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6289426/

https://prostitutescollective.net/facts-about-sex-work-sheet/

https://womensagenda.com.au/latest/sex-workers-facts-and-myths/

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Shane: Mortal Kombat (2021 Movie)

Abraham: Moral Kombat (2021 Movie; https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0293429/)

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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There are certain gifts expected for specific anniversary traditions. What may have started out as genuine support eventually blossomed into a practice guide and capitalist boondoggle. Plus, we found some bizarre and fascinating trends along the way. Four more years, four more years!

Links for Today:

https://www.thespruce.com/history-of-wedding-anniversary-gift-lists-2302036

https://people.howstuffworks.com/culture-traditions/cultural-traditions/traditional-anniversary-gifts.htm

https://www.welsh-lovespoons.co.uk/

https://bgeventsandcatering.com/a-breakdown-of-traditional-anniversary-colors/

https://www.brides.com/wedding-coins-5077506

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Genotype by Genius Games (https://www.geniusgames.org/products/genotype-a-mendelian-genetics-game)

Shane: Introduce your young kids to power metal

Alan: Remember your anniversary!

Salena: Be creative with your own traditions, make your own.

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Emotional marketing is a strategy that has been deeply incorporated into campaigns to solicit donations, sell products, gain brand loyalty, and other uses for decades. Finding successful methods to persuade people to buy into a product or an idea has been around since ancient times. Whether with familiar faces, hard facts, or clever stimuli, advertising experts play into our very predictable behavior given ad campaign characteristics. If you think you’re impervious to donating money, buying new sneakers, or one-click buying that flight to Hawaii, you’re most definitely no match for the emotional appeals of the greatest advertising giants out there. They’re around every corner and every click, just waiting to control your behavior.

Links for Today:

https://www.nickkolenda.com/emotional-marketing/#what-is-emotion

https://www.spiralytics.com/blog/emotional-marketing-what-it-is-and-how-it-works/

https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescommunicationscouncil/2019/12/04/13-examples-of-effective-emotional-marketing-and-what-your-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=ce0f810303b1

https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/emotion-marketing#:~:text=Emotional%20marketing%20refers%20to%20marketing%2Cto%20elicit%20a%20consumer%20response

https://www.nickkolenda.com/

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Falcon and Winter Soldier (https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9208876/?ref_=fn_al_tt_1)

Shane: Justice League (Snyder Cut; https://www.imdb.com/title/tt12361974/?ref_=nv_sr_srsg_0)

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Links for Today:

https://www.nickkolenda.com/emotional-marketing/#what-is-emotion

https://www.spiralytics.com/blog/emotional-marketing-what-it-is-and-how-it-works/

https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbescommunicationscouncil/2019/12/04/13-examples-of-effective-emotional-marketing-and-what-your-business-can-learn-from-them/?sh=ce0f810303b1

https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/emotion-marketing#:~:text=Emotional%20marketing%20refers%20to%20marketing%2Cto%20elicit%20a%20consumer%20response

https://www.nickkolenda.com/

We are on Reddit! https://www.reddit.com/user/WhyWeDoWhatWeDo

Recommendations

Abraham: Cooties (Movie; https://www.imdb.com/title/tt2490326/)

Shane: Sharks Keep Moving (band)

You can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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When a limb is lost or removed, most people report feeling a sensation of pain in the area where that body part used to be... even though it's gone! Long understood to be a part of the experience in humans, we now know much more about this strange phenomenon. For one thing, did you know that babies born without a limb might experience phantom limb pain in that missing limb? That and so many other interesting facts to questions that you didn't even know that you had, such as "where is the pain located in the missing body part, the whole thing, or only in part?" and "Does the pain flare up occasionally? Or is it constant? Or does it fade?" and so many more! Furthermore, there is one very simple and cheap treatment that works remarkably well for some people that involves tricking the mind into believing the limb is no longer gone! Listen in to find out more.

Remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Lead has been used as cosmetics, sweetener, a contraceptive, and a host of other things. We even discovered it was detrimental to our health, but ramped up consumption of this dangerous metal anyway. Lead was used in paint because it made it better, and tasted sweet, so kids licked it. It was also used in gasoline because it prevented engines from knocking... and then was expelled into the air where we all breathed it in. Beyond the history, we described how lead is able to infiltrate our brains by mimicking other helpful chemicals, and then rot the brains from the inside out. We accidentally allude to the idea of their being a giant conspiracy around lead, but correct ourselves at the end. Good times.

Remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Special guest, Stu Law, has studied humor and comedy as a hobby and somewhat more directly in his career. He has evaluated what makes us laugh and come to the conclusion that... well, you can find out by listening! But in short, comedy is evolving, contextual, and cultural. We become funny by watching and practicing. Stu will recap some of his favorite moments in comedy and some of his favorite jokes.

Remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Serious psychologists have recommended using tapping meridian points as legitimate psychological therapy. So we decided to explore the history and science of meridian points. There is not scientific or epistemological rationale that makes any sense for meridian points. Instead, we have motivated reasoning and a placebo effect.

Remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Our final Halloween themed episode dives into real-life zombies. Besides being horrifyingly disturbing, these brainless parasites pose an interesting conundrum to understanding how a reanimated corpse can seemingly move with purpose. How does it know how to coordinate the legs? How does it know to position itself to re-infect another host? What is it like for the bug? Surprisingly, the fungus does not infect the brain, instead it controls the muscles directly. Hoes does it work?! We do our best to address this odd phenomenon

Remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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The penultimate installment of our creepy psychology themed month of October is a breakdown of sleep paralysis. The experience we have when we begin to drift in or out of sleep and find ourselves immobilized, confused, and maybe even moderately hallucinating. But why do our brains conjure this nightmarish scenario? Find out more by listening in!

Remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Our third installment of our creepy psychology themed month of October discusses what superstitions are and where they come from. Furthermore, even people who don't think they are superstitious often have some superstitions that they don't notice. Shane and Abraham explain how these superstitions come to be and reveal some of their own embarrassing behaviors.

Remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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People watch scary movies around Halloween and other times of the year. Many horror films are produced every year. What is this strange fascination that people have with the macabre and feeling fear? There is an important element of social structures and possibly some gender expectations as well. There are many other hypotheses, but many of them suck. Find out why!

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Clinical Lycanthropy is the mental health condition in which people believe that they turn into an animal of some kind, commonly werewolves. The evidence and history of this as a diagnosis and possible treatments is very scarce and there are only a handful of cases throughout history. For the most part, this is likely a symptom of an overarching mental health condition that includes delusion. Nevertheless, an interesting topic to learn about!

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Our brains are a complex network of neurons that connect all of the parts of our body together. So if the electrochemical signals fire sporadically then there could be a wide range of various symptoms including convulsions, memory loss, and confusion. Listen in to learn more about what seizures do in the brain and what to do about them.

Remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Many people make exaggerated claims about the neurological benefits of specific foods and then charge you for their consultation expertise, their dietary supplements, their recipes, or their other woo products. Some of their recommendations are perfectly legit, but their proposed outcomes are generally completely unsupported. Plus, we discuss antioxidants, supplements, and the real brain foods.

Remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Punishment is neither good nor bad, but it can be positive or negative. Puzzle that one out! There is a technical use o of the term and concept of punishment and a lot of interesting research. This discussion primarily does a brief overview of what it is and theories of why we do it.

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Many point to the uniqueness of humans in their language. Others suggest that we just haven't found a way to teach language to other species. This all changed with researchers reported teaching hundreds of signs to primates. But if they were successful, where are all the primates with language? Why aren't there robust or at least existing research programs to teach language to another species? This is a discussion of the controversial history of trying to break the species language barrier.

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Twin studies have been a staple in psychological research for over a century. But many people don't know about the critical assumptions implicit in conducting these studies. Shane and Abraham break down the history of twin studies and the weaknesses that plague them.

Remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Students experience positive and negative reinforcement throughout their school day. Some of this reinforcement is specifically delivered by teachers, and some of it just occurs as a part of a normal day. What is negative reinforcement and what does it look like in schools.

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Recent pundits have voiced their alarm and concern over the use of behavior modification strategies to create "addictive" patterns of behavior. Who are the people still using this technique? It turns out it is much more common than you might think.

Remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Why are some people picky eaters, while others are adventurous? Is it evolution? Parenting? Some combination of the two? This isn't a discussion on interventions for feeding disorders or food selectivity. However, it will summarize a slew of scientific articles on how picky eating develops and maintains across the lifetime and the implications of a restricted diet.

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Many of us have had the experience of looking over the edge and wondering what it would be like to jump or fall. We don't actually want to, but we are curious. Edgar Allen Poe called this The Imp of the Perverse. Freud called it the "Death Drive." There are many theories as to why many people have this experience. Listen in to find out more!

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People often have seemingly inexplicable taste in music. What is it that that drives us toward our music preferences? Have you ever felt persecuted for your taste in music? Learn about the psychology of why we like the music we like. Also, recommend music for the team to listen to!

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A common cognitive bias we have is that we tend to think that we are better informed and experienced in things that we really are. The examples are practically endless and everyone does it. What are you worse at than you think? Listen in as Shane and Abraham (Shanebraham) describe the study that started a tsunami of research on basic human fallibility. Also, find out what lemons have to do with a bank robbery in the late 1990's.

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Schools might be as segregated today as they have ever been. Learn more with Dr. Kent McIntosh as he lends his expertise on racial inequality (disproportionality) in school discipline.

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Sometimes we find ourselves faced with so many options that we choose to do nothing at all. What is with going on with that? Shane and Abraham discuss the theories regarding why we freeze in the face of overwhelming options and some strategies to overcome feeling paralyzed by choosing.

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One of the most controversial and interesting topics in psychology is understanding how we diagnose mental health disorders. Shane and Abraham explain the history of diagnosis, list some of the diagnostic systems around the world, and some of the major criticisms of these systems. Learn something new about how we diagnose mental health issues.

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The setting: terrible hospital conditions and a poor understanding of mental health disorders. The solution: move patients out of the hospitals and into the... jail? Street? A bus to another state? Yep. Learn all about the process of deinstitutionalizing mental hospitals in the mid-20th century.

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Cramming for a test? Find yourself struggling to remember things that you just ready when studying for class? Just interested in getting better at a particular skill? Don't care? Then this episode is for you! Shane and Abraham (Shanebraham) discuss some of the recommended study methods, how they might work, and what the research says. Even if you don't need to learn to study, there's something to learn in this discussion about memory and developing habits.

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Returning for a second discussion of the initial stages of human development, RyanO and Abraham discuss the various birthing processes. In addition, we talk about some of the basic developmental milestones of the first two years of life and raise some awareness around important issues affecting the health and well-being of infants. Do you know how to test that a baby has expected functionality immediately after birth? We will explain that too!

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Learn about the fascinating journey we take through pregnancy and why it’s amazing that we have been successful as a species. Furthermore, we discuss how learning begins while we are developing in the womb.

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Check out the most recent discussion from Shane and Abraham on what could be classified as another pseudoscience entry. Look into our notes and do some of your own research to learn more about weighted vests for children with autism and how they (don’t) work.

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Hey, we are pretty excited that we have been able to be sharing our podcast with you for two years! In this episode, we discuss where we’ve been and what we have planned for the next year. We are excited to announce some new things, and we’ll recall some of the bright spots of the last two years. Here’s to another year.

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Bullying is an interesting problem in schools. What is it? Is it over-recognized or under-recognized? What works in reducing bullying? This week we are joined by Dr. Scott Ross, the director of the Office of Learning Supports at the Colorado Department of Education, and Brooke Wagner, the PBIS regional implementation coach in Reno, Nevada, who talk about what bullying is, how historical treatments of bullying have been problematic, and how to manage bullying behavior in schools.

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Author Frans De Waal claimed on national radio that behaviorism killed research on emotions for most of the 20th century. What a remarkable achievement! Abraham and Shane dig into just what those behaviorists did this time and how they managed to annihilate emotion research... or not. Join us as we uncover the truth behind these incredible claims.

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How well can humans multi-task? A lot less than we'd like to believe. Shane and Abraham describe what is really going on when we try and multi-task, why we are so bad at it, and how you can get better at it!

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This week Shane, RyanO and Abraham welcome on the ABA Inside Track crew for our 100th episode covering some of the weirdest, ineffective, and potentially harmful treatments for autism out there.

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This week Shane, RyanO and Abraham tackle Epistemology - or the study of how we know what we know!

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Apologizing is an interesting thing that we do. What do we get out of apologizing? What do we get out receiving them? Abraham and Shane discuss how and why we apologize, the idea of schadenfreude (happiness from the misfortune of others), contrition and penitence. We also spout our own opinions and stories about apologizing. Listen in and learn about this interesting habit we have.

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This week Abraham and RyanO talk about the Mozart effect, which suggests that "listening to Mozart (and some other iterations!) makes you smarter." Listen and subscribe so you never miss an episode!

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Just in time for St. Patrick's Day. Ever wonder why and how alcohol makes us feel drunk? Ryan and Abraham explain what is in alcohol and how it interacts with our brain to cause us to feel intoxicated. We also bust some myths about alcohol and share some interesting factoids. Listen and subscribe so you never miss an episode!

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Shane and Abraham tackle the how and why of false confessions. Why do people "confess" to crimes they didn't commit? To what extent do law enforcement officers encourage these false confessions? Listen in and learn about this fascinating twist in law enforcement.

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This episode we continue our fascinating discussion with Hannah Branigan of the "Drinking from the Toilet" podcast, and Ryan Cartlidge of the "Animal Training Academy" regarding animals aggression. In addition, we bring up the important topic of replacement behaviors and some training tips. Listen in and contact us with your own experiences with animal behavior!

https://wonderpupstraining.com/dog-training-podcast/ https://www.animaltrainingacademy.com/series/training-tidbits/

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We’re looking for some assistance on the podcast. If you think you fit what we’re looking for, then send us an email!

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This week we welcome on Hannah Branigan and Ryan Cartlidge to talk about animal aggression. Make sure to check out their podcasts:

https://wonderpupstraining.com/dog-training-podcast/ https://www.animaltrainingacademy.com/series/training-tidbits/

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syn·es·the·sia /ˌsinəsˈTHēZHə/ noun PHYSIOLOGY•PSYCHOLOGY the production of a sense impression relating to one sense or part of the body by stimulation of another sense or part of the body.

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Some people are born with superhuman color vision. But do they even know that they have it? How well can humans use an extra set of cones? Learn about this rare genetic condition which just might enable people to see beyond the scope of the normal human visual field! Listen in, and remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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There once was an awesome horse... Listen in, and remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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Do you say more negative or positive things? Do people say more negative or positive things to you? Listen in to learn about some of the fascinating research on this simple strategy that can predict whether relationships will succeed or fail, train athletes, and improve business.

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Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is a psychological event characterized by a static-like or tingling sensation on the skin. It has been compared with auditory-tactile synesthesia and may overlap with frisson, and today Abraham and RyanO are diving into the psychology behind it!

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Are certain dogs more likely to be aggressive? What do we ACTUALLY know about dog personalities? Can they be changed?

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How do wine experts do their job? How many different flavors can a sommelier detect? Abraham and RyanO dive into the research on wine-tasting and the science (or lack thereof) of sommeliers. Learn about all of the ways we conditions our senses to taste more than we "taste."

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Following up with part 1, Abraham interviews Dr. Donny Newsome, a founding director of Fit Learning, on the topic of fluency. Every wonder what it is, why it matters, or how to become fluent? Listen in and discover the science and future directions of education.

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Fluency is a concept that has been used in a wide variety of descriptions applied to aspect of human performance. In part 1 RyanO and Abraham breakdown the definition and applications of fluency, frequency building, fluency-based instruction, neurology of fluent performance, and other topics on human performance. In part 2 we will be interviewing a special guest who's career is fluency-based instruction. This and more on your favorite consumable psychology podcast!

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In this Episode, the team dives into what it means to be parsimonious and why it matters in psychology. This and more on your favorite consumable psychology podcast!

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In this Episode, the team dives into the questions of creativity. Where does it come from? Can it be created or influenced? This and more on your favorite consumable psychology podcast!

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Are babies born good? Do they have some sense of morality? Can babies identify good and evil? How evil ARE babies? Do they spill the Cheerios to satisfy some dark urges?.Are babies born with a sense of morality? This is the topic this week, so prepare yourselves for a look at baby morality! Abraham, Miranda, and Shane take on this ADORABLE topic!

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On this week’s episode Miranda and Abraham the electroencephalogram (EEG). What does it do? What is it for? Are the robots coming for us? Listen in and find out!

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Ringing in the ears? Trouble understanding speech? Listen in as Abraham, RyanO, and Shane team up to wrap up our discussion about hearing with an emphasis on understanding what is known about diagnosis, treatment, and biology of tinnitus and auditory processing disorder.

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How is hearing loss tested for and treated? Abraham, Shane, and RyanO return to discuss treatments for hearing loss and some other topical and controversial topics with special guest audiologists Dr. Cathy Vance and Dr. Brandi Greenhouse.

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How do we hear? How does our hearing affect our perception of the world? Listen in as Abraham, RyanO, and Shane interview special guests audiologists Dr. Cathy Vance and Dr. Brandi Greenhouse to learn about everything from how we hear movies, to how we listen to music, to why we have ear wax. Check in next time for the next part of this discussion!

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Revisit this oldie by goodie. We have employed discussions of circular reasoning frequently, so listen in for a refresher on this logical fallacy. Abraham and RYANO jump into the world of logical fallacies. Particularly, circular reasoning. We all fall to its peril from time-to-time. Listen in for how to spot it, examples, and why it can cause a little trouble in reasoning and understanding why it is, that we do what we do! ;)

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What are Cognitive Maps? Miranda and Abraham review Tolman’s experiment and discuss some possible explanations for the phenomenon of latent learning. Are rewards essential to learn? Listen in and find out!

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Does physical punishment improve bad behavior? Miranda and Abraham explore the history and recent research of corporal punishment. Conclusion? Listen in to find out!

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Abraham and Miranda talk about the learning curve! Is it real? Where does it break down?

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This week Miranda and Abraham talk about how funny of a word Phenomenology is... well, that and what it's all about!

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Abraham and Shane elaborate on some of the criticisms and concerns regarding Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. From a critical discussion to a review of research, part 2 explores the background of this landmark hypothesis.

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Abraham and Shane team up to tackle the technical details of Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs. From a historical overview to a critical analysis, part 1 explores the background of this landmark hypothesis. Check out next week's episode for specific criticisms and research using Maslow's hierarchy.

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Miranda and Abraham describe the "Little Albert" experiment in detail. This goes over how the experiment was carried out and the latest information on what happened to Little Albert after he left the experiment.

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In this episode, Miranda, Shane, and Abraham discuss hypnosis. What are some potential explanations for this phenomenon? Is it just a party trick or a viable therapeutic intervention?

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Abraham and Miranda explore the history of the IQ test. Tune in to hear about the evolution and application of this ubiquitous measure over the past 150 years.

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In this episode, Miranda and Abraham dive into the psychology behind intelligence and IQ. It's the second of a three part series on this controversial topic!

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In this episode, Miranda and Abraham dive into the psychology behind intelligence and IQ. It's the first of a three part series on this controversial topic!

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In this episode, Miranda and Abraham dive into the psychology behind PET scans and CT scans - asking questions like, can you REALLY diagnose from these medical processes?

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In this episode, Miranda and Abraham dive into the psychology about animal assisted therapy in the typical, easily consumable way! Don't wanna miss this one!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO sit down with Dr. Megan Miller to talk about positive strategies for parenting, teaching, and just about any other instructional setting you may think of!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO try to understand why some of us hoard things.

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In this episode, Shane and RYANO talk about psychology in the workplace.welcome on Dr. George Sugai to talk about Positive Behavior Intervention and Supports.

"The broad purpose of PBIS is to improve the effectiveness, efficiency and equity of schools and other agencies." - https://www.pbis.org/

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about psychology in the workplace.

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In this episode, Miranda, Shane and RYANO talk about the difference between management and supervision with Dr. Tyra Sellers.

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In this episode, we celebrate our 1 YEAR ANNIVERSARY. WOO!!! Abraham, Miranda, Shane and RYANO reflect on the last year, answer some questions, and talk about what’s in store for season two!

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In this episode, we celebrate our 1 YEAR ANNIVERSARY. WOO!!! Abraham and RYANO also discuss the topic of muscle memory. What is it? Is it a "real" thing? Can you leverage it to be better at certain things? All this and more!

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In this episode, Miranda leads something a little different from the Why We Do What We Do Crew and talks about our tendency to rely too heavily on an initial information offered (known as the "anchor") when making decisions. Economist Austin Harris stops in, and RYANO drops by too!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about the age-old question: Do You Have Free Will?

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about what's going on when you deprive your senses in those salty dark deprivation tanks that seem to be kind of everywhere!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about implicit association tests. What's the science say? Because these things are being used a lot more than you would think! Listen in, and remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO tackle a listener-submitted request - Ethics! Whew, this is going to be a fun one!

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The views, thoughts, and opinions expressed on Why We Do What We Do Podcast belong solely to the individual guests, co-hosts, and creators of the podcast, and not their employer, organization, committee or other group or individual with whom that they are affiliated.

In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about the psychology behind leadership with Dr. Joe Dagen!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO can't remember what was scheduled...

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about Animal Research! We went to social media to ask what you were interested, and whoa! So many good questions and requests! This is the first attempt at this topic!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about perspective taking - the act of perceiving a situation or event from an alternative point of view. Check out our take! (of course in the nice and consumable listening format sort of way) ;)

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk with Dr. Len Green about impulsive behavior and get into an easy-to-understand discussion about behavioral economics!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about what we mean when we say "data." You can love it, you can hate it, but you can't ignore it unless you first understand it. Let us know if it's in line with what you think, or if you have found something that is more compelling!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about the well-known bystander effect, including classic examples, and of course their thoughts and some of the research (or lack thereof?)! Listen in, and remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about how understanding Why We Do What We Do can put you in a really tough place.

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In this episode, Miranda, Abraham and RYANO welcome Dr. Johnathan Tarbox onto the show to talk about the tendency to worship the mind and ways to work around the barriers that it can create.

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about Dogmatism, or "the tendency to lay down principles as incontrovertibly true, without consideration of evidence or the opinions of others."

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about the Sunk Cost Effect. Is it a REAL thing? Where are the boundaries if so?

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about personality!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about projective tests! We're sure you've seen them in pop culture, or perhaps in a psychological setting. There are a lot out there, but we stick closely to the most famous: The Rorschach Ink Blot

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Dr. Steven C. Hayes joins the show to talk about Grit! This is the longest, and likely the most jam-packed episode for anyone looking to get a grasp of what grit entails, ways of overcoming hurdles in life, and tips, experiences and effective practices for living a meaningful life.

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talk about case studies! Are they useful ideas? Is what is true for one of us a glimpse for all of us? Dive in to learn about the keys to understanding case studies!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about why you are who you are (the self!). Listen in, and remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about anger management. Strategies, tips, questions and more!

Listen in, and remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

Shout out to Miranda Marie Drake for hooking us up with this awesome edit!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about the polygraph (lie detector) test. Is it useful? Is it accurate? Are there alternatives? Does it do harm? All these questions and more!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about consciousness, presenting arguments for and against it in their ever so consumable fashion!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk speculate as to why children are "poorly behaved" in their typical "consumable psychology" style.

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In 1880 Sir Francis Galton first identified a phenomenon in which people cannot visualize. Reports suggested that as much as 2.5% of the population may live this experience daily. Until now this phenomenon has remained largely unexplored. However, Cognitive neurologist Professor Adam Zeman, at the University of Exeter Medical School, has revisited this recently, including coining of the term "Aphantasia to describe the experience. In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about Aphantasia, in their typical "consumable psychology" style. Listen in, and remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about the evidence for learning styles (or lack there of).

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about the changes made in the Diagnostic and Statistic Manual of Mental Disorders regarding Asperger Syndrome.

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about subliminal messages! Presumably there are signals and messages that can pass below (sub) the normal limits of perception or cognition, but what does the research suggest?

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about the second part of truth and lies! This week we wrap up the conversation by talking about lies.

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about truth and lies! It's a 2-parter, so buckle in for the first half of the discussion and we'll be back next week with the rest of the discussion!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about the little filler words that we use all the time. Do they serve a purpose? Why do some people use them more than others? These sorts of questions are asked as we ask just why do we do, the things that we do!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO discuss "Neurobabble" and raise the question of if nonsense brain 'science' makes said 'science' more believable!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO discuss "Willpower" and the role that it plays in understanding Why We Do What We Do! :)

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO havea special guest on the show to discuss the psychology involved in issues related to gender and sexuality.

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about esreveR ygolohcysP!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about the mysterious world of motivation! How do you find it? Can you create it? What do we ACTUALLY know?

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about instructional design and the various technologies of teaching (think teaching tools, practices and strategies) that you're going to be really sad aren't used throughout every teaching institution in the world.

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about the role that genes and genetic coding influences our behavior, including the not-so-well-known (some say even over-extended) concept of epigenetics!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about The Barnum Effect, including the 13 ingredients to produce the effect (or at least appear as if you're a mastermind that is!).

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about the Memory Palace! A strategy (also known as a few other names) that has been used to remember an INSANE amount of information very quickly. They not only talk about how to do it, but how it work, and how you can use it in your own life.

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about a really fascinating area of technology called "Behavioral Technology." It's best understood breaking into two easy concepts (1) the technology or tools, and (2) the technology of process. Tune in to learn about how this framework has been used to solve some serious societal problems (3 million + people in one project).

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO talk about that pesky thing we all struggle with... self-management! Learn about what it is, how we understand it from a scientific psychological perspective, and a few tips and tricks that might help make your world a little better.

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Listen in, and remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO discuss Five Steps to Changing Your Habits! (Whether it be biting your nails, shaking your foot, or picking your nose, we have something in store for you! ;)

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO discuss memory! What is it? Where is it stored? How is it affected? All of those questions and more are covered in their longest episode yet! There's also a listener mail segment, so make sure to catch that at the end!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO discuss brain scans, specifically the fMRI, and the strengths and drawbacks of their use in psychology. Listen in, and remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast.

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO speak about electroconvulsive therapy. Listen in to learn about what it is, including the concerns and historical uses!

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO jump into the world of logical fallacies. Particularly, circular reasoning. We all fall to its peril from time-to-time. Listen in for how to spot it, examples, and why it can cause a little trouble in reasoning and understanding why it is, that we do what we do! ;)

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO start at the beginning with the question of "What is Psychology?" Given that psychology is a very term-driven field, terms often need to be unpacked since they don't necessarily always mean what they mean when we use them day-to-day. Questions that they ask include:

Does psychology apply to everyone or everything? What's the mind, and where is it? Can it be a science, or is it just a social science? Does it require a context? Is there room for the brain, or genes? Is behavior only observable events? What is cognition, and is it included in psychology?

Listen in, and remember that you can reach us directly at 775.525.0908, at info@wwdwwdpodcast.com, through the comments below OR on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast through the accounts below.

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In this episode, Abraham and RYANO explain the purpose of the podcast, including their intentions, who their intended audience entails, and a little about what they do in their day-to-day lives. Visit us at wwdwwdpodcast.com, on social via @wwdwwdpodcast or #wwdwwdpodcast

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