In this episode, the hosts discuss the nation’s history of medical experimentation, false beliefs about racial differences, and racial disparities in health care which have negatively impacted Black communities and led to significant gaps in life outcomes. Incorporating algorithms into the equation would insure that past inequalities persist into our future.

Harriet Washington video interview about Medical Apartheid on Olbios
https://olbios.org/medical-apartheid/

2003 NYT Article re Sims
https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/28/health/scholars-argue-over-legacy-of-surgeon-who-was-lionized-then-vilified.html

Sims Statue being removed from Central Park
https://time.com/5243443/nyc-statue-marion-sims/

2017 WAPO Article re birth control pill
https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/retropolis/wp/2017/05/09/guinea-pigs-or-pioneers-how-puerto-rican-women-were-used-to-test-the-birth-control-pill/

2019 History.com article on birth control pill
https://www.history.com/news/birth-control-pill-history-puerto-rico-enovid

2016 TIME article about Margaret Sanger, race, and eugenics
https://time.com/4081760/margaret-sanger-history-eugenics/

2016 paper on racial bias in pain assessment
https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/113/16/4296.full.pdf

Letter from NY Department of Health to UHGI re Optum Algorithm
https://dfs.ny.gov/system/files/documents/2019/10/20191025160637.pdf

NY Times Opinion on Maragret Sanger
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/04/17/opinion/planned-parenthood-margaret-sanger.html?action=click&module=Opinion&pgtype=Homepage

NFL's Concussion Settlement Will Look at Racial Bias in Payouts - The New York Times (nytimes.com)
https://www.nytimes.com/2021/03/09/sports/football/nfl-concussions-settlement-race.html

Doctors and Stereo types
https://www.thecut.com/2017/11/too-many-doctors-still-believe-dangerous-racial-stereotypes.html