Heads UP: Recent Episodes
National Headache Foundation
What role could psychedelics play in the future of headache medicine? In this episode of HeadWise, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, is joined by Emmanuelle Schindler, MD, PhD, to discuss the latest research on psilocybin and other psychedelics in migraine, cluster headache, and post-traumatic headache. They explore how these compounds are being studied, what early clinical trials have found, safety considerations, and why more research is still needed before these therapies become part of routine care.This episode is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice. Please consult your healthcare provider regarding your individual symptoms and treatment options.
In this episode of HeadWise™, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, is joined by Amelia Barrett, MD to explore how emerging research on biological pathways may help explain why some people experience treatment-resistant migraine.The conversation focuses on several actionable pathways involved in medication metabolism, methylation, and neurotransmitter function, and discusses how these processes may influence migraine, medication side effects, and treatment response. Dr. Barrett also explains how nutrition, genetics, and personalized medicine may work together to support more individualized migraine care as research continues to evolve.This episode is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice. Please consult your healthcare provider regarding your individual symptoms and treatment options.
In this episode, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, is joined by neurologist Amelia Barrett, MD, to explore the role histamine may play in migraine and headache disorders.Dr. Barrett explains what histamine is, how it functions in the immune system, and why elevated histamine levels may contribute to headache attacks in some people. They discuss the connection between histamine, inflammation, mast cells, and migraine, along with common food sources of histamine, including fermented foods, aged cheeses, cured meats, wine, and even leftovers.The conversation also covers histamine intolerance, the enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO), mast cell activation, cluster headache, and why certain individuals may be more sensitive to histamine than others.This episode is for educational purposes only and is not intended to provide medical advice. Please consult your healthcare provider regarding your individual symptoms and treatment options.
In this episode, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, is joined by headache specialist Fred Cohen, MD, to explore one of the most common questions people ask about headache disorders: What does it mean if my head hurts in a specific location?
In this episode, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD is joined by Tim Smith, MD and migraine clinical trial participant Tierra Lillard to explore how migraine clinical trials help advance treatment options and improve care for people living with migraine.
In this episode, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, is joined by neurologist Amelia Barrett, MD, to explore the role of tyramine in headache and migraine. They break down what tyramine is, how it affects the body, and why certain foods may trigger headache or migraine attacks in some people.
In this week’s episode of HeadWise, Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, and Tim Smith, MD, break down the latest migraine research news.They discuss a new PACAP-targeting migraine treatment in development, research on exercise and migraine frequency, “false non-responders” to CGRP therapies, and new findings on THC/CBD and vaporized cannabis for migraine treatment.Listen now for a closer look at emerging migraine research and what these studies could mean for future migraine care.
Behavioral therapies can play a key role in migraine care.In this episode of HeadWise, Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, is joined by Dawn Buse, PhD, to break down approaches like cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), biofeedback, relaxation training, mindfulness, and ACT. Learn how these strategies help regulate the nervous system, reduce symptoms, and improve quality of life for people living with migraine.
Blood sugar may play a bigger role in migraine disease than many people realize. In this episode of HeadWise™, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, and guest Laurel Short, DNP, explore how blood sugar fluctuations, insulin, and meal timing may impact headache and migraine, along with simple strategies to help keep levels more stable throughout the day.
In this episode, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, is joined by headache medicine specialist Fred Cohen, MD, director of Headache Intervention in New York City and assistant professor at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, to discuss why headache attacks commonly occur during viral illnesses like the flu, COVID, and other infections.They explore how inflammation and immune responses during illness can trigger headache attacks, why some people experience migraine attacks when they are sick, and why headache attacks can sometimes continue even after the infection has resolved. They offer guidance on recognizing different types of headache attacks and understanding when to seek medical evaluation.
In this episode, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, is joined by Sam Kelokates, PT, DPT, founder of Kelos Physical Therapy, to discuss how people living with migraine and other headache disorders can approach exercise safely and effectively.They explore how physical activity can both trigger and help prevent migraine, what the research currently shows, and how to build an exercise routine that supports long-term headache management. The conversation focuses on practical strategies—like setting realistic goals, pacing intensity, planning around triggers, and adapting workouts during different phases of migraine.Topics covered include:- How exercise affects migraine frequency, disability, and quality of life- When it’s safest to exercise in relation to migraine attacks- Why the nervous system—not just muscles—matters in exercise tolerance- The “rule of too’s”: too much, too soon, too often, too hard- How to use pain thresholds to guide activity- Adapting workouts on bad days and planning for consistency- Environmental and sensory triggers to consider during exercise- Treating exercise as part of a long-term migraine management planThis episode offers practical guidance for people living with migraine, headache disorders, and clinicians supporting them who want to incorporate movement in a safe, sustainable way.
In this episode, Laurel Short, DNP and host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, break down the science behind aerobic exercise, strength training, and yoga—and how each can influence migraine frequency, intensity, and overall wellbeing. They also discussion the difference between primary exercise headache and migraine, and why it’s important to talk with a healthcare provider when head pain is triggered by physical activity. You’ll learn: How moderate and high-intensity exercise may reduce migraine frequency and severity Why exercise can sometimes act as a migraine trigger—and what factors like hydration, temperature, and fueling have to do with it The difference between migraine and primary exercise-induced headache How strength training and posture can support people living with migraine and neck pain The role of movement in mental health, stress, and mood regulationPractical, SMART goal strategies for starting—or restarting—an exercise routine safely Watch the full episode to explore how to build a personalized, sustainable movement plan that supports both migraine care and overall health.
In this episode, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, is joined by Dr. Dawn Buse, a psychologist specializing in headache and migraine, and Katie Oakley, who shares her personal journey living with chronic and post-traumatic headache.Together, they explore the role of behavioral therapies in migraine care and how these approaches can support prevention, quality of life, and safer treatment options for people living with migraine—both on their own and alongside standard medical care.On this episode, they discuss:• Why referrals to headache or pain psychology can feel challenging for patients• What research shows about who benefits most from behavioral migraine therapies• How biofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy, mindfulness, and relaxation approaches work• The role of behavioral care for youth, adults, and people with medical risk factors• How these therapies can complement medications and neuromodulation treatments• Using coping and self-regulation skills in daily life and social settings• Adapting behavioral approaches for different types of chronic pain and headache conditions
In this episode of HeadWise™, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, welcomes Katy Oakley, the new Chief Executive Officer of the National Headache Foundation (NHF).Katy shares her personal journey living with post-traumatic headache and chronic migraine following a traumatic brain injury in her twenties and how years of daily head pain, delayed diagnosis, and difficulty accessing care shaped her path to leadership within the headache community.Drawing from both her lived experience and professional background in marketing and mission-driven organizations, Katy discusses how she plans to expand NHF’s reach, empower people living with headache and migraine, and strengthen education and certification for healthcare providers—especially in primary care.In this conversation, they explore:- Living with post-traumatic headache and chronic migraine- The emotional and practical toll of daily head pain- Barriers to care, step therapy, and treatment access- Why patient-centered leadership matters- Katy’s vision for the future of the National Headache Foundation- How HeadWise listeners can help shape future episode topicsThis episode offers a behind-the-scenes look at the leadership guiding NHF forward—and a reminder that people living with headache and migraine are not alone.
In this episode of HeadWise™, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, talks with headache specialist Fred Cohen, MD, about the viral migraine remedies circulating on TikTok, Instagram, and social media — and whether any of them are actually helpful.Together, they break down popular home remedies and “migraine hacks,” explaining which approaches may offer real relief, which lack evidence, and which could potentially cause harm. Dr. Cohen shares the science behind commonly discussed strategies like caffeine, cold and warm compresses, salt cravings, topical treatments, neuromodulation, and cannabis, while also addressing more extreme trends such as mustard on the feet, banana peels, hair cutting, and specialty ear piercings.This episode emphasizes that migraine is a neurological disease, not a condition solved by a one-size-fits-all fix. What works for one person may not work for another — and some remedies deserve a closer look before trying them.In this episode, you’ll learn:- Why caffeine can help some migraine attacks but trigger others- How cold and warm therapies may influence pain pathways- Which viral remedies lack scientific evidence- What the research says about cannabis and migraine relief- When neuromodulation may be a safer, evidence-based option- Why talking with your healthcare provider about home remedies mattersIf you’ve ever wondered whether social media migraine tips are worth trying, this episode offers clear, practical guidance grounded in medical expertise.
In this episode of HeadWise™, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, talks with Vincent Martin, MD—director of the Headache and Facial Pain Center at the University of Cincinnati—about a foundational and evolving question in headache medicine: Is migraine a systemic disease?Dr. Martin explains why migraine is not always a single neurological disorder and how emerging genetic and population-based research is revealing that only about half of migraine risk is inherited. He discusses how certain environmental factors—including head trauma, respiratory and immune-related conditions, and even gastrointestinal disorders—may contribute to developing migraine disease or increasing migraine frequency over time.They explore:• Why migraine may be neurologic, vascular, or influenced by other systemic conditions• What Mendelian randomization studies reveal about diseases that may actually cause migraine• How depression, asthma, autoimmune disease, IBS, and celiac disease intersect with migraine• Why people sometimes develop migraine later in life after injury or physiological change• The difference between what causes migraine disease versus what triggers an attack• How whole-person clinical evaluation may change migraine diagnosis and managementThis conversation offers clarity on a topic many people have sensed but lacked language for—why migraine often feels like more than “just head pain”—and presents a science-based understanding of how the brain, immune system, vascular function, and other organ systems interact in migraine disease.
In this episode of HeadWise™, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, talks with Ferdinand Hui, MD, Medical Director of Neuro-Interventional Surgery at the University of Hawaii, about cerebral venous congestion—an emerging and often misunderstood contributor to persistent head pressure, visual symptoms, and chronic daily head pain.Dr. Hui explains how impaired venous outflow can disrupt the brain’s “waste-clearing” system, why anatomical compression points can create significant symptoms, and how this evolving disease model overlaps with conditions such as idiopathic intracranial hypertension. He also shares why many people with long-standing, daily head pain may have been miscategorized—and how engineering principles are helping researchers rethink these disorders.They explore:• What cerebral venous congestion is (and why the theory is gaining traction)• How structural compression and venous narrowing contribute to head pressure and pain• Why cerebral venous congestion symptoms can mimic migraine disease in some individuals• The role of connective tissue disorders in venous flow problems• How venous drainage, CSF pressure, and intracranial dynamics interact• When surgery may be considered for cerebral venous congestion and why diagnosis must be extremely preciseThis episode sheds light on a rapidly developing area of neurology—one that may help explain symptoms that many people have struggled to name—while offering a clear, science-driven look at how venous congestion affects head pain, vision, and overall brain function.
In this episode of HeadWise, host Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, talks with Elizabeth Seng, PhD, Associate Professor of Psychology at Yeshiva University, about cogniphobia—the fear and avoidance of cognitive exertion because of the belief that thinking too hard might trigger or worsen pain.Dr. Seng explains how this fear develops and how it can condition the brain to associate mental effort with danger. While some people do experience migraine symptoms during intense cognitive tasks, cogniphobia itself is about anticipatory fear—avoiding activities like reading, studying, or problem-solving out of worry they could lead to pain.They explore:- What cogniphobia is (and what it isn’t)- How fear and avoidance patterns develop- Ways cogniphobia can impact school, work, and daily life- Why avoiding mental effort can affect long-term brain health- How gradual re-engagement and self-awareness can reduce fearThis episode sheds light on a rarely discussed aspect of migraine psychology—one that can limit people’s lives far beyond the attacks themselves—and offers insight on how to rebuild confidence in cognitive activity.
Moving from high school to college, or from your parents’ care to your own, can be a major life transition. For people living with migraine or other headache disorders, these changes can also mean adjusting how you access, organize, and maintain effective care.In this episode of HeadWise, Dr. Lindsay Weitzel talks with Dr. Hope O’Brien, neurologist, headache specialist, and CEO of the Headache Center of Hope in Cincinnati, Ohio. Together, they explore how young adults and their families can prepare for the transition from pediatric to adult headache care while keeping migraine management consistent.Dr. O’Brien shares expert advice on:- Recognizing when teens are ready to manage their own migraine medications- How and when to transition from pediatric to adult healthcare providers- Planning ahead for Botox and other in-office migraine treatments- Managing insurance changes, medication coverage, and medical records- Supporting students who live with migraine while maintaining their independence- How letters and campus accommodations can make college more migraine-friendlyFilled with insight and empathy, this discussion helps families and young adults prepare for a smooth transition in migraine care.
When a migraine attack strikes, finding the right acute treatment can make all the difference. In this episode of HeadWise, Lindsay Weitzel, PhD, talks with Dr. Robert Kaniecki, Director of the UPMC Headache Center, about today’s full range of acute migraine medications — what they are, how they work, and who they help most.Together they review everything from over-the-counter pain relievers to advanced migraine-specific medications, including:- OTC options like ibuprofen, naproxen, and acetaminophen- Prescription NSAIDs and higher-dose anti-inflammatories- Triptans (Imitrex, Maxalt, Zomig, and more) — and how to choose among them- Combination medications like Treximet and Symbravo- Gepants for migraine relief (Nurtec, Ubrelvy, Zavzpret)- New DHE delivery options — Trudhesa, Atzumi, and Brekiya- Non-drug strategies that can support faster recoveryWhether you’re exploring new treatment options or revisiting what’s in your migraine “toolbox,” this conversation offers expert insight into how to stop migraine attacks effectively.
In this Headwise News Episode, Lindsay Weitzel, Ph.D., talks to headache specialist and clinical trial expert Tim Smith, MD, about three new medication announcements plus an exciting new study linking genetic, hormone, and circadian data to both cluster headache and migraine.
Get your first podcast episode mixed for free at Resonate Recordings with this link: bit.ly/PodcastNHF
In this episode of For Heads Sake, News Edition, Lindsay Weitzel, Ph.D. discusses all the latest headache and migraine-related data and publications with migraine clinical trials expert Tim Smith, MD. Tune in to hear them review the latest on COVID-related headache/NDPH, the relationship between migraine and BMI, NDPH in kids, characteristics of people with migraine who DO NOT have anxiety or depression, the latest on Vyepti, GammaCore and gastric stasis, and more.
What Does My Gut Have to Do with My Migraine? In this episode of For Heads Sake, Lindsay Weitzel, Ph.D. hears the viewpoint of Trupti Gokani, MD, Board Certified Neurologist and Ayurvedic expert, about the gut-brain axis and how our GI system might be related to our migraine disease.
What is Medical Gaslighting? If you have migraine or another chronic pain condition, chances are you have experienced medical gaslighting. Medical gaslighting can result in a form of medical trauma, and it can alter the manner in which we interact with the healthcare system. It can make you feel sicker, cause you to shut down, or to question yourself and the validity of your pain. It can also make you feel helpless or angry. In this week's episode of Heads UP Lindsay Weitzel, Ph.D. asks Melissa Geraghty Psy.D. about the effects of medical gaslighting and what we can do about it.
Do you identify with stress as a migraine trigger? Or do you find it insulting when people try to tell you that your migraine disease is related to stress?
In this week's episode of For Heads Sake (formerly known as Heads UP) Lindsay Weitzel, Ph.D. aims to bring us a new perspective on stress and migraine by asking Dawn Buse, Ph.D., a Clinical Psychologist who specializes in headache lots of new questions on this topic.
If stress is a trigger for us what can we do to combat this problem?
Welcome to a new season of For Heads Sake (formerly known as Heads UP) from the National Headache Foundation. Season 3 kicks off with Lindsay Weitzel Ph.D. and Amelia Scott Barrett, MD, discussing why we get migraine and where it starts. Can we reverse course through medications, lifestyle, diet, or even our thoughts and mentality to change our migraine and pain experience? Listen and find out what the experts have to say.
There seems to be a lot of talk lately about doctors who brought up weight within conversations about migraine treatment. This might come across as inappropriate and insensitive when we are asking for help with our migraine symptoms. In this week's episode of Head UP Lindsay Weitzel, Ph.D. asks Dr. Amelia Barrett, MD why weight has become part of the migraine conversation.
The idea of medication overuse and medication overuse headache can seem almost contradictory at times. It can seem like the very medicines we were instructed to take at the onset of migraine are suddenly being blamed for causing our chronic migraine. Stopping their use entirely can seem like a very scary idea.
In this episode of Heads UP, Lindsay Weitzel, Ph.D. discusses the results with Dr. Vincent Martin who was one of the investigators on the MOTS Trial.
Bruce Willis’s aphasia diagnosis and retirement from acting have led many following the news to search for more information on the disease. In this episode of Heads UP, Dr. Lindsay Weitzel welcomes back Dr. Amelia Barrett for a timely discussion to explain aphasia and how it impacts some people living with migraine disease.
This week's episode of Heads UP is on How to Talk to Your Healthcare Provider About Migraine. This episode has something for everyone.
Are you someone who has head pain that is interfering with your life but you have not done anything about it yet? Or are you a migraine veteran figuring out how to talk to your doctor about new symptoms and comorbidities? Regardless of where you are at in your migraine journey, Lindsay Weitzel, Ph.D., asks Dr. Vincent Martin how to communicate with your doctor and get the help you need. For more info, please visit www.headaches.org
Treating Migraine With Infusions – In this week’s episode of Heads UP Lindsay Weitzel, Ph.D. discusses infusions with Dr. Merle Diamond, MD. What infusions are used to break a migraine cycle and why? What medicines are sometimes added together in the infusions? Don’t miss this episode!
How many of your relatives are affected by migraine? A recently published study found 123 genetic loci associated with migraine. This is nearly 40 more than were previously recognized. In this episode of Heads UP, Lindsay Weitzel, Ph.D. and Tim Smith, MD discuss the results of this study and its implications for the future of families with migraine.
Heads UP: Low-Pressure Headache - Finding the Leak Do you know the symptoms of low-pressure headache or spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH)? Often it presents with a chronic headache that is better when you lie down and worse when you sit up and gets progressively worse as the day goes on. It can be confused with migraine or other types of headache. This type of headache is caused by a low volume of cerebrospinal spinal fluid (CSF) due to a "CSF leak" that can be very difficult to find.
In this episode of Heads UP, Lindsay Weitzel, Ph.D. talks to Andrew Callen, MD, a neuroradiologist specializing in finding CSF leaks. Listen in to hear the details about spontaneous intracranial hypotension or SIH.
Visit www.headaches.org for more information.
Is it a migraine triggered by alcohol? Or is it a hangover? Tricks to prevent and stop alcohol-related headache during the holidays. In this episode of Heads UP - Lindsay Weitzel, Ph.D. talks to Merle Diamond, MD, AQH about the difference between a migraine triggered by alcohol and a "hangover". They go over some surprising tricks to avoid alcohol-related headaches.
Of course, there is also a shout-out to our friends who may not be feeling well enough to go to a holiday party, plus ideas to help them feel included and festive.
For too long, migraine patients have been treated differently than others with medical issues as it relates to access to prescription medications. The National Headache Foundation advocates that payers adopt care models that are patient-centric, where the clinician, in collaboration with the patient, is the primary decision-maker and selects a treatment that addresses the patient’s treatment goals and needs. Clinicians are often forced to use outdated prescription drugs in a stepwise approach to all patients, without considering the needs of the individual patient.
Dr. Lindsay Weitzel and Dr. Merle Diamond tackle this important and controversial topic. Visit our website to read the NHF's position statement on the access to care for people living with migraine. https://headaches.org/.../national-headache-foundation.../
Join the host of Heads UP, Dr. Lindsay Weitzel, as she looks back at her favorite moments from the past 100 episodes. Lindsay is joined by Linda Summerfield as they share clips from episodes with Dr. Vincent Martin, Dr. Jan Brandes, Dr. Dawn Buse, and others who are included in this very special program.
"The audio version of this program is just as interesting and entertaining as watching the video version."
Supplement information related to migraine can be very confusing. Which vitamin supplements should we take? Why should we take them? How long before we should expect to feel an effect? It's so easy for us to think - if all these medicines aren't helping why would something I can buy over the counter make a difference? In this week's episode of Heads UP, Dr. Lindsay Weitzel questions Dr. Amelia Barret about supplements and migraine disease.
Do you have people in your life who simply do not understand your migraine or headache disorder? These people can be family members, friends, work colleagues, or even your boss. Dr. Dawn Buse and Dr. Lindsay Weitzel have a candid discussion about attitudes and strategies we can employ in these situations.
Have you tried telemedicine for your headache and migraine care? What are the benefits and limitations? How do you know when you actually need to be seen in person? This week on Heads Up Dr. Lindsay Weitzel talks to Dr. Brad Torphy, Medical Director of the Headache Centers of America, about how to get the best out of the telemedicine trend.
Cannabis is used by many people with migraine and other headache disorders to help control their symptoms. In the last few years, some studies have shown it to be effective for some people. Recent data has emerged showing that it may have a rebound effect in patients with migraine. Dr. Lindsay Weitzel discusses this data with Dr. Tim Smith. How do we know if cannabis or one of our other medications is causing us to have rebound or medication overuse headache?
Dr. Tim Smith and Dr. Lindsay Weitzel discuss the most recent research out of Yale on the use of psilocybin for migraine. Survey data and anecdotal reports have previously shown psilocybin to be helpful in cluster headache.
Why might it be helpful in treating migraine disease and cluster headache? What are the scientific, molecular, and legal reasons that it is controversial and difficult to study?
How can meditation help someone with migraine or another headache disorder? There is MRI data that actually shows meditation helping to heal the brains of people in chronic pain. Dr. Lindsay Weitzel talks to Dr. Amelia Barrett about why and how meditation helps us heal from our headache disorders, and how to ease into meditation if the pain makes it difficult for you to begin a meditative practice.
What contributes to the chronification of migraine? Dr. Lindsay Weitzel discusses chronic migraine with Dr. Brad Torphy in this week's episode of Heads Up. Find out what to expect once you have chronic migraine and how to avoid or correct it.
Dr. Timothy Smith and Dr. Lindsay Weitzel compare and contrast three oral gepants, an IV monoclonal antibody, two combination therapies, and an anti-inflammatory agent, all expected to be available for the treatment of migraine very soon. For more information visit www.headaches.org
Dr. Vincent Martin and Dr. Lindsay Weitzel discuss migraine triggers in this episode of Heads UP. Figuring out exactly what triggers your attacks is one of the ongoing struggles of migraine and headache patients. While no two patients experience migraine the same, there are some general areas of consideration when narrowing down the list. Determining personal triggers is a great starting point in learning to cope with and treat headache and migraine disease. To learn more about migraine disease and headache disorders, please visit www.headaches.org.
Dr. Timothy Smith and Dr. Lindsay Weitzel discuss new and emerging therapies for migraine disease. For more information visit www.headaches.org
Dr. Vincent Martin and Dr. Lindsay Weitzel address these important questions facing the migraine and headache community during the COVID-19 outbreak: Does the presence of migraine disease make us more prone to coronavirus or other viral illness? Why do we feel so awful when we get sick? Do any of the medications we take put us more at risk? What can we do to limit our exposure yet ensure continuity of our headache/migraine care? How do we combat anxiety etc while we are stuck at home? For more information visit www.headaches.org
Dr. Lindsay Weitzel and Dr. Vincent Martin discuss the link between gluten and migraine disease. Could removing gluten from your diet improve your migraines?
Do you struggle with the best way to treat migraine that occurs around the time of menstruation? Do providers shy away from discussions related to the use of hormones, oral contraceptives, and treatment of your menstrual migraine? Dr. Lindsay Weitzel talks to Dr. Jan Brandes about the treatment of menstrual migraine and menstrually-related migraine.
Dr. Vincent Martin and Dr. Lindsay Weitzel discuss how weather changes, storms, lightning strikes, and low & high-pressure systems impact the onset of migraine attacks. Part 2 of a 2 part series on weather related headache triggers.
Dr. Vincent Martin and Dr. Lindsay Weitzel discuss weather changes and allergies as headache triggers. Part 1 of a 2 part series on weather related headache triggers.
Welcome to Heads UP, the official podcast of the National Headache Foundation. Lindsay Weitzel, Ph.D., interviews Vincent Martin, MD, about migraine disease. Over 40 million people in the United States and 1 billion people worldwide live with migraine disease and headache disorders.