Conversations in Equine Science: Recent Episodes
Nancy McLean
Kate Acton (from Ireland) and Nancy McLean (from the USA) discuss equine research projects and studies to help bridge the gap between the scientific community and the general community of horse owners, trainers and enthusiasts. Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/nancy-mclean/support
This week Nancy and Kate discuss a just published research paper on the complex cognitive abilities of horses.
Research Reference:
Louise Evans, Heather Cameron-Whytock, Carrie Ijichi,
Whoa, No-Go: Evidence consistent with model-based strategy use in horses during an inhibitory task,
Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 277,
106339, SSN 0168-1591,
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159124001874?via%3Dihub
Press Releases:
https://phys.org/news/2024-08-horses-intelligent-previously-thought.html
https://www.theguardian.com/science/article/2024/aug/12/horses-can-plan-ahead-and-think-strategically-scientists-find
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss this 2022 paper that demonstrates ponies are able to distinguish between facial expressions presented by a live human.
Research Reference/Link:
Merkies, Katrina, Yuliia Sudarenko, and Abigail J. Hodder. 2022. "Can Ponies (Equus Caballus) Distinguish Human Facial Expressions?" Animals 12, no. 18: 2331.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/18/2331
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In this episode Kater and Nancy discuss a recently published paper correlating consistent high cortisol levels in horses with lower osteocalcinin levels.
Research Reference/Link:
Ayodele BA, Pagel CN, Mackie EJ, Armour F, Yamada S, Zahra P, et al. Differences in bone turnover markers and injury risks between local and international horses: A Victorian Spring Racing Carnival study. Equine Vet J. 2024.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.14098
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This week Kate and Nancy review past research on Equine bone management.
Research Reference/Link:
Nielsen, Brian D. 2023. "A Review of Three Decades of Research Dedicated to Making Equine Bones Stronger: Implications for Horses and Humans" Animals 13, no. 5: 789.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/5/789
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This episode we are joined by Nikki, a listener with a research request. Nikki owns a 2 year old filly that she wants to work with now, in lieu, of waiting until her 4th/5th year. Nancy and Kate found some evidence based research that hopefully will help Nikki in her training decisions.
Research Reference/Link:
Logan, Alyssa A., and Brian D. Nielsen. 2021. "Training Young Horses: The Science behind the Benefits" Animals 11, no. 2: 463.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/2/463
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This week Nancy talks about Lis Hartel's equestrian challenges and accomplishments. Lis was the first woman to earn a medal in the Equestrian Olympics.
Link to the schedule for the 2024 Equestrian Olympic events:
https://olympics.com/en/paris-2024/schedule/equestrian
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss how important sleep is in equestrian performance and safety.
References:
Joanna Fong-Isariyawongse, MD (2024). Sleep can give athletes an edge over competitors − but few recognize how fundamental sleep is to performance. The Conversation, University of Pittsburgh.
Link: https://theconversation.com/sleep-can-give-athletes-an-edge-over-competitors-but-few-recognize-how-fundamental-sleep-is-to-performance-221403
Dr. David Marlin Stable Science Podcast Link:
https://drdavidmarlin.com/podcast-dr-david-marlin-interviews-emma-davies-on-rider-sleeppodcast/
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This week Nancy and Kate respond to a listener's email about limiting rider injuries and accidents by staying physically fit through diet and exercise protocols.
Research References:
Best, Russ, Jane M. Williams, and Jeni Pearce. (2023). "The Physiological Requirements of and Nutritional Recommendations for Equestrian Riders" Nutrients 15, no. 23: 4977.
Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15234977
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss the results of a 2024 study on the effectiveness of Kinesiology tape on horses to reduce pain.
Research reference:
Melissa R. King, Hope Pavsek, Katherine L. Ellis, Jodie Daglish (2024). Effects of elastic therapeutic tape on thoracolumbar epaxial muscle pain in horses, Journal of Equine Rehabilitation,, Volume 2, 100007, ISSN 2949-9054.
Here is the link to "Effects of elastic therapeutic tape on thoracolumbar epaxial muscle pain in horses": https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2949905424000021
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This week Nancy continues with the story of Lexington and his stallion career, the effects of the civil war and how his skeleton made the journey back to his birthplace of Kentucky 160 years after his birth.
Reference:
Wickens, Kim (2023). Lexington: The Extraordinary Life and Turbulent Times of America's Legendary Racehorse. Ballantine Books, New York, USA. (416 pages.)
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This week Nancy goes back in history to talk about the antebellum era of racing and the impact the horse Lexington had on the nation during the turbulent pre-civil war days.
Research References/Links:
Wickens, Kim (2023). Lexington: The Extraordinary Life and Turbulent Times of America's Legendary Racehorse. Ballantine Books, New York, USA. (416 pages.)
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In this episode Nancy and Kate discuss a 2023 paper on equine genomics and behavior traits.
Research reference/link:
Holtby, A.R., Hall, T.J., McGivney, B.A., Han, H., Murphy, K.J., MacHugh, D.E. et al. (2023) Integrative genomics analysis highlights functionally relevant genes for equine behaviour. Animal Genetics, 54, 457–469.
Available from: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/age.13320#:~:text=t%20p%20s%3A%20//d%20o%20i.or%20g%20/10.1111/a%20g%20e.1332%200
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Today's episode is about the variability of the Equine Gut Biome. Christine Sanchez has been researching the importance of biome health in all horses.
For more information contact Christine at chrisiesanchez@gmail.com
or
Dr. Tom Schell @ secondvet.com
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This week Kate and Nancy revisit the Donkey Skin Trade (ejiao) crisis and the African Union Ban of February 2024.
Research Reference/Link:
Shan Su, Ewan A. Macdonald, Nico Arcilla, Maurice Beseng, Felipe Thomaz, David W. Macdonald (2023). Characterising the links between the trade in donkey skins for traditional Chinese medicine and timber of conservation concern, Global Ecology and Conservation, Volume 46.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2351989423002330
Link to 2021 Donkey hide episode: https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/dj6qsbfiIIb
Link to The Brooke: https://www.thebrooke.org/
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This episode Nancy and Kate interview Scott Cieslar owner of MadBarn. Madbarn is a nutrition, and supplement company that also fuels equine research. Listen in and check out the website @ https://madbarn.com/ (USA) or https://madbarn.ca/ (Canada).
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss using smartphone apps to help in the recognition of emotions and pain in horses.
Research Reference/Link
Corujo, Luis A., Emily Kieson, Timo Schloesser, and Peter A. Gloor. (2021). "Emotion Recognition in Horses with Convolutional Neural Networks" Future Internet 13, no. 10: 250.
https://doi.org/10.3390/fi13100250
Equine Pain and Welfare App:
- Apple:
- https://apps.apple.com/il/app/epwa/id1428507532
- Android:
- https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.epwa&hl=en_US
Link to Training Program for EPWA:
https://training.epwa.nl/
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Nancy and Kate talk about Dr. Manfredi's equine metabolic research at Michigan State University.
Reference/Link to article:
Manfredi, J. (2023). Horse health research will help humans stay healthy, too, with insights on reining in diabetes and obesity, The Conversation; Michigan State University.
https://theconversation.com/horse-health-research-will-help-humans-stay-healthy-too-with-insights-on-reining-in-diabetes-and-obesity-205185
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This week Nancy takes a look at the use of Bell Mares during the 1800s up to WWII.
Research References:
L. Proops et al (2012).Social relations in a mixed group of mules, ponies and donkeys reflect differences in equid type, Behavioral Processes.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0376635712000654
Górecka-Bruzda A, Jastrzębska E, Drewka M, Nadolna Z, Becker K, Lansade L (2022) Female Horses are more socially dependent than geldings kept in riding clubs. Appl Anim Behav Sci 254:105714.
Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2022.105714
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This episode Kate and Nancy discuss a listeners' recently published research. This research is a 2024 update to our past episodes on Equine Assisted Therapy.
Research Reference:
Seery, Rita, and Deborah Wells. 2024. "An Exploratory Study into the Backgrounds and Perspectives of Equine-Assisted Service Practitioners" Animals 14, no. 2: 347.
Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14020347
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss a listeners' email request via a recently published paper on the effects of weather on pastured horses.
Research Reference and Link (not open access-snippets available.):
Keller, G.A.; Nielsen, B.D.; Vergara-Hernandez, F.B.; Robison, C.I. Tracking the Impact of Weather on Equine Activity While Pastured. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2022, 116, 104052.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0737080622001903
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Kate and Nancy discuss using the EBPI to manage osteoarthritis in horses.
References and Link:
Howard DL, Lancaster B, de Grauw J. Development and Preliminary Validation of an Equine Brief Pain Inventory for Owner Assessment of Chronic Pain Due to Osteoarthritis in Horses. Animals. 2024; 14(2):181.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani1402018
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Nancy and Kate discuss the horses role in 1872 and how an equine flu epidemic shut down the US economy, but also led to improved horse welfare.
Research Reference/Link:
Freeberg, Ernest (2020). How a flu virus shut down the US economy in 1872 – by infecting horses. The Conversation US, Boston, MA. December Issue.
https://theconversation.com/how-a-flu-virus-shut-down-the-us-economy-in-1872-by-infecting-horses-150052
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Nancy and Kate review their favorite episodes and then reveal the favorite episodes of the listeners.
Welcome Everyone to 2024 - Season 5
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Kate and Nancy discuss their recently published research paper on the preliminary results of their Conversations in Equine Science listener survey.
Reference and Link: Acton, K., McLean, N. & MacKay, J.R.D. (2023) Preliminary evidence supporting the use of equine science podcasts to bridge the gap between scientists and horse enthusiasts to improve horse welfare. Equine Veterinary Education, 00, 1–11. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13926
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss how horses are once again helping humans navigate the new frontier of Artificial Intelligence (AI).
Research Reference and Link:
Eakta Jain and Christina Gardner-McCune. 2023. Horse as Teacher: How human-horse interaction informs human-robot interaction. In Proceedings of the 2023 CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI '23). Association for Computing Machinery, New York, NY, USA, Article 536, pp. 1–13.
https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/3544548.3581245
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This week Nancy discusses two peer reviewed papers on how to assess arena surface safety and usefulness.
Research References and Links:
Holt, D., Northrop, A., Martin, J., Daggett, A. and Hobbs, S. (2014), What do Riders Want from an Arena Surface?. Equine Vet J, 46: 41-42.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12267_126
Northrop, A., Martin, J., Blundell, E., Owen, A. and Hobbs, S. (2014), Development of the Equestrian Arena Surfaces for the 2012 Olympic Games. Equine Vet J, 46: 45-46.
https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12267_137
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This week Nancy gives a summary of her results with replicating the hind-end massage study using her own horses.
Research Reference/Link:
Mabbutt, C., Yarnell, K., and Ferro de Godoy, R. (2022). Comparative Exercise Physiology Vol. 18 (5), pp. 419-426
https://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/epdf/10.3920/CEP220022?role=tab
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss the recently published paper questioning the protests and disagreements that occurred at this years (2023) Grand National at Aintree.
Research Reference and Link (Open Access):
Pearson, G.; Douglas, J.; Wolframm, I.; Furtado, T. Used like Pawns or Treated like Kings? How Narratives around Racehorse Welfare in the 2023 Grand National May Affect Public Acceptance: An Informed Commentary. Animals 2023, 13, 3137. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13193137
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This week Nancy discusses a research paper comparing pressures/forces in bareback riding with riding in a well fitted conventional saddle.
Research Reference with Link: H.M. Clayton et al.(2013). Forces and pressures on the horse’s back during bareback riding. The Veterinary Journal.
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss a paper that investigated a herd of 18 mares that were housed on a pasture since 1979 without a deworming program. Nancy also relates the lecture information from a seminar she attended about deworming horses to combat parasite resistance.
Reference and Link to Research Paper:
Steuer, A.E., Anderson, H.P., Shepherd, T. et al. (2022). Parasite dynamics in untreated horses through one calendar year. Parasites Vectors 15, 50.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-022-05168-z
Link to a Veterinary article describing the newest thoughts on deworming programs for adult horses:
Deworming Programs- One Size Does Not Fit All. https://www.steinbeckpeninsulaequine.com/post/deworming-programs-one-size-does-not-fit-all
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This episode Kate and Nancy discuss a paper revealing updated research on the requirements of horses using the 5 domains model. This is a foundational start to assessing welfare.
Research Reference:
Harvey, A.M.; Ramp, D.; Mellor, D.J. Review of the Foundational Knowledge Required for Assessing Horse Welfare. Animals 2022, 12, 3385.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/23/3385
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss welfare issues in equestrian sports and leisure riding.
Research Reference/Link:
Furtado, T.; Preshaw, L.; Hockenhull, J.; Wathan, J.; Douglas, J.; Horseman, S.; Smith, R.; Pollard, D.; Pinchbeck, G.; Rogers, J.; et al. How Happy Are Equine Athletes? Stakeholder Perceptions of Equine Welfare Issues Associated with Equestrian Sport. Animals 2021, 11, 3228.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/11/3228#app1-animals-11-03228
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss lightening strikes in animals and how to lessen the odds of having a horse struck by lightning.
Research Reference:
Gomes, C., (2012). Lightning safety of animals. International Journal of Biometeorology (56), pp. 1011–1023.
Link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-011-0515-5
Additional Information: https://www.weather.gov/safety/lightning
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss the Equine Personality Test (EPT) and it's reliability scores.
Research Reference: A. Jolivald, K. Yarnell, C. Hall, C. Ijichi (2022). Do you see what I see? Investigating the validity of an equine personality questionnaire. Applied Animal Behaviour Science., 248, Article 105567
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0168159122000259
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss a hindlimb massage routine that improved hindlimb gait flexibility and symmetry in a peer reviewed research study.
Research Reference: Mabbutt, C., Yarnell, K., and Ferro de Godoy, R. (2022). Comparative Exercise Physiology Vol. 18 (5), pp. 419-426
Link: https://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/epdf/10.3920/CEP220022?role=tab
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss an equine exercise program using Gymnastic Training coupled with Dynamic Mobilization Exercises to improve stride quality and strength. Epaxial muscles also were targeted for increased muscle strength and size.
K. de Oliveiraet al., (2015). Gymnastic training and dynamic mobilization exercises improve stride quality and increase epaxial muscle size in therapy horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Vol 35, pp. 883-893.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0737080615005067?via%3Dihub#preview-section-cited-by
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This episode Kate and Nancy discuss goniometry in horses and humans. They also have additional content from a human orthopedic professional talking about the practice of using goniometers.
Research Reference:
Liljebrink , Y. and Bergh , A. ( 2010 ). Goniometry: is it a reliable tool to monitor passive joint range of motion in horses? Equine Veterinary Journal 42 ( Suppl. 38 ): pp. 676 – 682 .
https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/j.2042-3306.2010.00254.x
App Store GoniMeter Plus (free) Link: https://apps.apple.com/us/app/goniometer-plus/id1081939665
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Nancy and Kate discuss static and dynamic stretching and how implementing a stretching program, in your routine, can help your horse's performance and also prevent injuries.
Research Reference: A. Frick, (2010). Stretching Exercises for Horses: Are They Effective? Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Volume 30 (1),
pp. 50-59.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0737080609007072
Contact Information for Dr. Frick: e-mail: drfrick@lifeextendmethod.com
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss a paper that evaluates the effects of chiropractic therapy on sport horses. Evaluations are done via static bioimpedence and dynamic acoustic myography.
Research Reference:
Acutt, E.V.; le Jeune, S.S.; Pypendop, B.H. Evaluation of the effects of chiropractic on static and dynamic muscle variables in sport horses. J. Equine Vet. Sci. 2019, 73, 84–90.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0737080618304015
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss a paper that proposes owners and riders can measure and categorize bit lesions to assist them in the management of bitted horses. These measurements can also assist in research across the board by offering measurable comparisons.
Research Reference (Open Access):
Tuomola K, Mäki-Kihniä N, Kujala-Wirth M, Mykkänen A and Valros A (2019) Oral Lesions in the Bit Area in Finnish Trotters After a Race: Lesion Evaluation, Scoring, and Occurrence. Front. Vet. Sci. 6:206.
Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2019.00206/full
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This episode Nancy and Kate discuss 2 papers; the first is a paper that gives an update on the current understanding of Equine Asthma and also gives the future direction of research goals for this devastating disease.
The 2nd paper tracks a molecule, IL-8, which has been found to signal equine allergic immune responses. This may be a component as to how horses and humans develop allergic responses.
Both papers are referenced below.
Couetil, L., Cardwell, J. M., Leguillette, R., Mazan, M., Richard, E., Bienzle, D., Bullone, M., Gerber, V., Ivester, K., Lavoie, J. P., Martin, J., Moran, G., Niedźwiedź, A., Pusterla, N., & Swiderski, C. (2020). Equine Asthma: Current Understanding and Future Directions. Frontiers in veterinary science, 7, 450.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00450
Elisabeth M. Larson, Susanna Babasyan, Bettina Wagner; IgE-Binding Monocytes Have an Enhanced Ability to Produce IL-8 (CXCL8) in Animals with Naturally Occurring Allergy. J Immunol 15 May 2021; 206 (10): 2312–2321.
https://doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.2001354
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss the equine vertebral column and how this research discovered breed differences in the anatomy of the vertebral column.
Research Reference:
Spoormakers, T.J.P., Veraa, S., Graat, E.A.M., van Weeren, P.R. and Brommer, H. (2021), A comparative study of breed differences in the anatomical configuration of the equine vertebral column. J Anat, 239: 829-838.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.13456
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This episode Nancy and Kate discuss medical students gaining insight and empathy skills by working with horses. These medical students were also able to lessen their own stress levels by being around horses and learning about them.
Research Reference and Link (Open Access):
Chakales P A, Locklear J, Wharton T (2020). Medicine and Horsemanship: The Effects of Equine-assisted Activities and Therapies on Stress and Depression in Medical Students. Cureus 12(2): e6896.
https://www.cureus.com/articles/23219-medicine-and-horsemanship-the-effects-of-equine-assisted-activities-and-therapies-on-stress-and-depression-in-medical-students#!/
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss a paper detailing the negative effects that adiposity fat can have on the health and welfare of our horses.
Research reference/link (open access):
Pratt-Phillips, Shannon, and Ahmad Munjizun, (2023). "Impacts of Adiposity on Exercise Performance in Horses" Animals 13, no. 4
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13040666
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss the findings of a research paper comparing the electrocardiograms of the Televet ECG device with the Equimetre fitness tracker.
Research Reference:
Ter Woort, F., Dubois, G., Tansley, G., Didier, M., Verdegaal, E.L., Franklin, S. and Van Erck‐Westergren, E., 2023. Validation of an equine fitness tracker: ECG quality and arrhythmia detection. Equine Veterinary Journal, 55(2), pp.336-343.
Link: https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/evj.13565
Thanks everyone for listening in so regularly! Please let us know if you have any research inquiries.
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This episode Kate and Nancy discuss Equine Cervical Pain, clinical signs and treatment.
Research Reference/Link (open access):
Story, Melinda R., Kevin K. Haussler, Yvette S. Nout-Lomas, Tawfik A. Aboellail, Christopher E. Kawcak, Myra F. Barrett, David D. Frisbie, and C. Wayne McIlwraith. (2021). "Equine Cervical Pain and Dysfunction: Pathology, Diagnosis and Treatment" Animals 11, no. 2: 422.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/2/422#app1-animals-11-00422
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss a study involving harness trotters and the rein tension that occurred in different gaits.
Research Reference/Link (open access):
Egenvall A, Byström A, Pökelmann M, Connysson M, Kienapfel-Henseleit K, Karlsteen M, McGreevy P and Hartmann E (2022) Rein tension in harness trotters during on-track exercise. Frontier Veterinary Science. 9:987852.
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2022.987852/full
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss the theory of "Flow" and is it possible to achieve/measure it in horses and other animals.
Research Reference and Link (open access):
Hintze, S. and Yee, J.R. (2023), Animals in flow – towards the scientific study of intrinsic reward in animals. Biological Reviews.
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/brv.12930
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In this episode Nancy and Kate discuss a paper on the effects of inactivity, moderate exercise and uncontrolled stress on the learning capability of horses.
Research Reference and Link (Open Access):
Henshall, C., Randle, H., Francis, N. et al (2022). The effect of stress and exercise on the learning performance of horses. Scientific Reports, 12, 1918.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-03582-4
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss the newest research paper by Professor Brian Nielsen Of Michigan State University.
Research Reference and Link (Open Access):
Nielsen, B.D. A Review of Three Decades of Research Dedicated to Making Equine Bones Stronger: Implications for Horses and Humans. Animals 2023, 13, 789.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050789
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss Kate's research paper that was recently published in the Frontiers in Veterinary Science Journal.
Elte Y, Acton K, Martin J, Nielen M, van Weeren R and Wolframm I (2023) Engage and enjoy–investigating predictors of employee
engagement and work satisfaction in equine veterinary professionals. Front. Vet. Sci. 10:1036388. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1036388
Link (open access): https://eprints.ncl.ac.uk/file_store/production/289354/C0AEFFCA-8F7F-46C2-A0C4-A217DBF85AB3.pdf
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss a paper by Hilary Clayton on force and pressures of two styles of dressage saddles; treeless and conventional.
Research Reference and Link (this paper is not open access):
Hilary M. Clayton, Katherine A. O’Connor, LeeAnn J. Kaiser, (2014).
Force and pressure distribution beneath a conventional dressage saddle and a treeless dressage saddle with panels,
The Veterinary Journal, Volume 199, Issue 1, pp. 44-48.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S109002331300508X?via%3Dihub#section-cited-by
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This episode Nancy looks into a recent research paper that analyzed interview responses from registered Equine Behaviorists on how well their clients detected fear and anxiety behavior in horses.
Research reference and link (Open Access):
Rogers, Suzanne, and Catherine Bell. 2022. "Perceptions of Fear and Anxiety in Horses as Reported in Interviews with Equine Behaviourists" Animals 12, no. 21: 2904.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12212904
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss pre-performance anxiety and how elite riders manage and control their anxiety during high pressure situations.
S. McGinn, D. Alcock, and L.J. Cameron (2018). "Straight from the horse’s mouth: understanding professional event riders’ mental preparation for maximising self-confidence prior to competition using thematic analysis." Comparative Exercise Physiology Vol 14 Issue 4, pp. 261-270.
Link to research paper:
https://www.wageningenacademic.com/doi/epdf/10.3920/CEP180020?role=tab
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This episode Nancy and Kate discuss a research paper that compares horse turnout systems to enhance horse health and ecosystem sustainability.
Research Reference and Link (Open Access):
Furtado, T., King, M., Perkins, E., McGowan, C., Chubbock, S., Hannelly, E., Rogers, J. and Pinchbeck, G. (2022). An Exploration of Environmentally Sustainable Practices Associated with Alternative Grazing Management System Use for Horses, Ponies, Donkeys and Mules in the UK. Animals. 12(2), p.151.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/2/151#B12-animals-12-00151
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss a research paper detailing the effects of the cessation of training that occurred among elite riders during the Covid 19 lockdowns.
Research Reference and Link (Open Access):
DeMarie, S. et al (2020). Horse-Riding Competitions Pre and Post COVID-19: Effect of Anxiety, sRPE and HR on Performance in Eventing. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, Vol 17( 22).
https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/22/8648
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss a recent paper on the most current research findings in Equine Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction.
Research Reference and Link:
Kirkwood, NC., Hughes, KJ., Stewart, AJ (2022). Pituitary Pars Intermedia Dysfunction (PPID) in Horses.
Veterinary Science, 9(10), 556.
https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100556
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss their favorite episodes of 2022. We also reveal the most popular episodes as determined by our listeners.
Thank you for your support and listenership. We appreciate each and every one of you!
Happy and Healthy 2023,
Kate and Nancy
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This week Nancy and Kate revisit the episode with the most downloads of 2022.
Reference:
Mach, N., Ruet, A., Clark, A. et al (2020). Priming for welfare: gut microbiota is associated with equitation conditions and behavior in horse athletes. Scientific Reports 10, 8311.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65444-9
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This week Nancy and Kate continue their discussion with Dr. Sheryl King.
Dr. King is an expert on "myth-busting" horse information that occurs frequently within the horse industry. Make sure to listen to Part 1 to get her explanation on how these myths become a part of the equine management industry. This episode will discuss fact checking skills and nutrition fallacies.
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This week Nancy and Kate welcome Dr. Sheryl King to the podcast. Dr. King is an expert on misinformation in the horse industry.
Please direct any questions to Kate on the Conversations in Equine Science Instagram account or Nancy on the Conversations in Equine Science Facebook page. We'll pass them onto Dr. Sheree or send her a friendship request via Sheree King at her Facebook page.
We'll continue Part 2 next week.
Thanks for listening in !
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Kate and Nancy wrap up their discussion of this interesting paper on the neurological exam of the horse.
Reference:
Caroline Hahn, (2022). Neurological Examination of Horses, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, Volume 38, Issue 2,
pp. 155-169.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cveq.2022.05.001
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On this week's episode, Nancy and Kate discuss a recent research article on the neurological exam of the horse.
Research Reference:
Caroline Hahn, DVM, (2022). Neurological Examination of Horses, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice, Volume 38, Issue 2 pp. 155-169.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749073922000219
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss equestrian safety and what a survey of 1,718 respondents reveals.
Research reference:
Chapman, Meredith, Matthew Thomas, and Kirrilly Thompson. (2020). "What People Really Think About Safety around Horses: The Relationship between Risk Perception, Values and Safety Behaviours" Animals 10, no. 12: 2222.
Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10122222
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss the tying up syndrome (RER) that appears to affect 8.4% of racehorses.
Research Reference:
https://www.nzsap.org/system/files/proceedings/trainers-perceptions-impact-different-feeding-and-management-practices-racehorses-they-identified.pdf
Wood , LJ, Lancaster, B, Breheny, MR & Rogers, CW 2020, 'Trainers perceptions of the impact of different feeding and management practices on racehorses they identified displaying symptoms of recurrent exertional rhabdomyolysis', Proceedings of the New Zealand Society of Animal Production, vol. 80, pp. 90- 94.
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This week Kate and Nancy delve into the research of Dr. Valberg at Michigan State University. She runs the Equine Neuromuscular Diagnostics Laboratory and is a fervent researcher of equine muscular diseases. You can access her informative webpages here.
Research Reference (Open Access):
Valberg, SJ, Williams, ZJ, Finno, CJ, Schultz, A, Velez-Irizarry, D, Henry, ML, et al (2022). Type 2 polysaccharide storage myopathy in Quarter Horses is a novel glycogen storage disease causing exertional rhabdomyolysis. Equine Veterinary Journal.
https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/evj.13876
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss the latest research in equine hair whorls, reactivity and laterality.
Research Reference:
Mark J. Deesing, Temple Grandin, (2022). Chapter 10 - Behavior genetics of the horse (Equus caballus), Editor(s): Temple Grandin,
Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals (Third Edition), Academic Press, pp. 377-433
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323857529000068#bib153
Previous episode on laterality and cognitive bias: https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/18g054aCGub
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This episode Kate and Nancy discuss the genetics of behavior and how the environment may also play a role.
Research Reference:
Mark J. Deesing, Temple Grandin, (2022). Chapter 10 - Behavior genetics of the horse (Equus caballus), Editor(s): Temple Grandin,
Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals (Third Edition), Academic Press, pp. 377-433
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780323857529000068
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This episode Nancy and Kate discuss saddle, girth, bridle and bit fit.
Research Reference (Open Access until November 15th, 2022)
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749073922000529?dgcid=author
Facebook Link:
*NEW RESEARCH REVIEW PUBLISHED* TACK FIT AND USE HILARY CLAYTON AND RUSSELL MACKECHNIE-GUIRE Published in Vet Clinic Equine - Open Access (via Desktop/Laptop) with download available for 50 days https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/authors.elsevier.com/a/1fvdP2gKTT20QH__;!!HXCxUKc!15LmgTbfMUneKZ99pxDTGfzTSvZwyPBLK3qOzjaZMl04tMhzxBhcRgaXo4saHcTtg8yFGco0verIY0cWOgn-nwv6-A$ This short manuscript gives an overview of tack fit and use including the saddle, half pads, bridles and bits. This will also be published as a chapter in a new book out early 2023. (Via Centaur Biomechanics)
Past Episode Link on Bit Related Lesions: https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/KO4fa1Q1kub
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss a paper that investigated the effects of using an ice blanket for cooling stalled horses in hot temperatures.
Research Reference:
Ojima Y, Torii S, Maeda Y, Matsuura A.(2022). Effect of Cooling Blanket on the Heat Stress of Horses in Hot and Humid Environments. Animals. Volume 12(19): 2505.
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/19/2505/htm
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This week Nancy and Kate discuss a 2021 paper that found a positive correlation between pelvic/hip flexibility (while using a balance ball) and horse-rider interactions of quality and harmony.
Research Reference:
Uldahl M, Christensen JW, Clayton HM. Relationships between the Rider’s Pelvic Mobility and Balance on a Gymnastic Ball with Equestrian Skills and Effects on Horse Welfare. Animals. 2021; 11(2):453.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11020453
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Kate and Nancy discuss dietary iron and insulin resistance.
Research Reference:
McLean, N.L.; McGilchrist, N.; Nielsen, B.D. Dietary Iron Unlikely to Cause Insulin Resistance in Horses. Animals 2022, 12, 2510.
Open Access Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12192510
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Nancy and Kate discuss a review that breaks down horse to human interactions.
Research Reference: : Merkies, K.; Franzin, O. Enhanced Understanding of Horse–Human Interactions to Optimize Welfare. Animals 2021, 11, 1347
Research Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8151687/pdf/animals-11-01347.pdf
Links to past episodes that have references mentioned in the above listed paper.
https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/vamR655qAtb Speech Patterns (Baby Talk and Horses)
https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/OvwhkZcrAtb Attachment Bonds
https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/xMQHSAmrAtb Human Odor
https://spotifyanchor-web.app.link/e/J0EjMYsrAtb Sensory Abilities of Horses
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Kate and Nancy discuss a 2020 research article on rider weight and it's influence on equine salivary cortisol, heart rate, heart rate variability, conflict behaviors and gait symmetry.
Reference:
Christensen JW, Bathellier S, Rhodin M, Palme R, Uldahl M. Increased Rider Weight Did Not Induce Changes in Behavior and Physiological Parameters in Horses. Animals. 2020; 10(1):95.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani1001009
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Nancy and Kate interview Ida Hammer of the Mackinaw Dells 2 Whole Horse Hoofcare Program. Ida talks about her journey into hoof care, equine nutrition and bodywork, and how it's all connected.
Website: https://mackinawdells2.com/index.html
Virtual Classes: https://mackinawdells2learning.thinkific.com/
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Nancy discusses equine hoof nutrition in preparation for next week's hoof care practitioner interview on improving hoof quality.
Research: Burns, Teresa A. (2021). Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice
Volume 37, Issue 3, pp. 669-684.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749073921000511#cebib0010
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Brittany Davis joins Nancy as they discuss prevalence, diagnosis and treatment of osteoarthritis in horses.
Reference:
Raquel Yvonne Arantes Baccarin, Sarah Raphaela Torquato Seidel, Yara Maria Michelacci, Paula Keiko Anadão Tokawa, Tiago Marcelo Oliveira, Osteoarthritis: a common disease that should be avoided in the athletic horse’s life, Animal Frontiers, Volume 12, Issue 3, June 2022, Pages 25–36.
https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfac026
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While Kate is on hiatus, Nancy discusses horse owners and their perspectives on equine body shape and weight management. This week's research paper reveals owners thoughts, as well as, equine professionals viewpoints on helping owners see the metabolic health dangers of equine obesity.
Research reference: https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/evj.13360
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Kate and Nancy respond to an email from a listener who submitted a research paper for their review/discussion, on the reliability of the pinch test in determining dehydration in horses.
Research Reference:
PRITCHARD, J. C., BURN, C. C., BARR, A. R. S., & WHAY, H. R. (2008). Validity of indicators of dehydration in working horses: A longitudinal study of changes in skin tent duration, mucous membrane dryness and drinking behaviour. Equine Veterinary Journal, 40(6), pp. 558–564. https://doi.org/10.2746/042516408X297462
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Nancy and Kate continue their discussion on veterinary physiotherapy and equine back pain. This episode targets modalities of treatment.
Research Reference and link:
Tabor, Gillian (2022). Veterinary physiotherapy for back pain in the horse. UK-Vet Equine (6):4, pp. 168-174.
https://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/full/10.12968/ukve.2022.6.4.168
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This episode Nancy and Kate talk about the role of a Veterinary Physiotherapist in treating horses.
Research Reference:
Tabor, Gillian (2022). Veterinary physiotherapy for back pain in the horse. UK-Vet Equine (6):4, pp. 168-174.
https://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/full/10.12968/ukve.2022.6.4.168
Tune in for Part 2, next week when we discuss modalities of treatment.
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This episode Kate and Nancy discuss a research study that reveals risk factors for Equine Uveitis and the proportion of cases that are recurrent.
Research Reference:
Malalana, F, Ireland, JL, Pinchbeck, GL, McGowan, CM (2022). Risk factors for a first episode of primary uveitis in the UK and proportion of cases that experience recurrence following this first episode. Equine Veterinary Journal; 00: pp. 1-6.
Link to open access article:
https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/share/UE9ZNKFTVQYTYPQUTHFB?target=10.1111/evj.13576
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Nancy and Kate discuss the final sections on the Equine Nutrition research paper listed below. How much horses eat and how to figure a ration calculation are some topics covered.
Research References:
Harris, P. and Shepherd, M. (2021). What Would Be Good for All Veterinarians to Know About Equine Nutrition. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice. Volume 37 (1). pp 1-20.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749073920300663
Link to Brittany Davis and her nutrition counseling service at Davis Equine: https://www.davisequine.ca/
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Kate and Nancy discuss the recent paper entitled "What Would Be Good for All Veterinarians to Know About Equine Nutrition". This paper is very in depth and it is highly recommended for all to read this up to date information about horse nutrition. Too much to cover in a podcast!
Reference:
Harris, P. and Shepherd, M. (2021). What Would Be Good for All Veterinarians to Know About Equine Nutrition. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice. Volume 37 (1). pp 1-20.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749073920300663
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Kate and Nancy discuss research to answer a listener's question on starch and equine behavior.
Research Reference:
Harris, P. and Shepherd, M. (2021). What Would Be Good for All Veterinarians to Know About Equine Nutrition. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Equine Practice. Volume 37 (1). pp 1-20.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0749073920300663
Earlier October 16, 2020 episode on this topic of high starch diets:
https://anchor.fm/nancy-mclean/episodes/High-starch-diets-and-their-effect-on-behavior-el5ijg
Bulmer, Louise S et al., 2019. High-starch diets alter equine faecal microbiota and increase behavioural reactivity. Scientific reports, 9(1), pp.18621–11.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6901590/pdf/41598_2019_Article_54039.pdf
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Nancy and Kate answer a listener's question on the benefits of equine therapy.
Research information that also has links to supporting research within the article:
https://psychcentral.com/health/benefits-of-equine-therapy-for-anxiety
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Kate and Nancy discuss Dr. Andrew McLean's thoughts and research findings on the topic of stabling horses.
Watch the replay link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X9b6KF4_Z3c&t=4457s
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Nancy and Kate respond to an email sent in by a listener who has concerns about rein tension. The paper referenced is a research review on rein tension meters by Hilary Clayton et al (2021).
Reference:
Clayton H, MacKechnie-Guire R, Byström A, Le Jeune S, Egenvall A. (2021). Guidelines for the Measurement of Rein Tension in Equestrian Sport. Animals. Vol. 11(10):2875.
Open Access Link: https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11102875
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Thank you to everyone who took our listener survey!
This week Nancy and Kate discuss a webinar that explained the science of equine bridle fit and the resultant welfare and performance implications.
Video of webinar:
https://www.youtube.com/horsecharity?sub_confirmation=1
Links:
https://www.worldhorsewelfare.org/advice/general-advice/how-to-choose-and-fit-a-bridle?utm_source=engaging_networks&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=advice&utm_content=bridle_fit_main_button
Murray, R, et al. (2015). A bridle designed to avoid peak pressure locations under the headpiece and noseband is associated with more uniform pressure and increased carpal and tarsal flexion, compared with the horse’s usual bridle. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science;35 pp. 947-955. (abstract available at: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0737080615005535)
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Listener Survey: https://edinburgh.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/listener-survey-conversations-in-equine-science
Kate and Nancy discuss equine group movement and leadership.
Research Reference:
Andrieu, J., Henry, S., Hausberger, M. et al. Informed horses are influential in group movements, but they may avoid leading. Anim Cogn 19, 451–458 (2016).
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-015-0945-2
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Nancy and Kate discuss the amazing run of Rich Strike (80-1 odds) in the May 7th Kentucky Derby.
Reference Article Link:
https://cdn.bloodhorse.com/daily-app/pdfs/BloodHorseDaily-20220508.pdf
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Listener Survey: https://edinburgh.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/listener-survey-conversations-in-equine-science
This week Nancy and Kate discuss the role that qualified Equine Nutritionists serve, as a support system, for Equine Veterinarians.
Reference Research:
Nichols JL, Robinson JS, Hiney KM, Terry R Jr, Ramsey JW (2022). An Investigation into Equine Nutrition Knowledge and Educational Needs of Equine Veterinarians. Journal of Veterinary Medicine Education. Feb 10:e20210121. doi: 10.3138/jvme-2021-0121.
Epub ahead of print. PMID: 35143362. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35143362/
Harris, P. and Nelson, S. (2022). Approach to clinical nutrition. UK-Vet Equine. 6(2). pp. 50-55.
https://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/full/10.12968/ukve.2022.6.2.50
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss external stimulation use on equestrians that need body alignment correction for proper posture during riding.
References:
Hirsch, L., (2019). Bodystorming exteroceptive stimulation to train body awareness. Mensch und Computer 2019-Workshopband.
https://dl.gi.de/bitstream/handle/20.500.12116/25187/407.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Norie Neumark and George Poonkhin Khut. (2007). Cardiomorphologies: An Inner Journey through Art. IEEE Multimedia 14, 4 (oct 2007), pp.5–7. https://doi.org/10.1109/MMUL.2007.70
George (Poonkhin) Khut and George (Poonkhin). (2016). Designing Biofeedback Artworks for Relaxation. In Proceedings of the 2016 CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems - CHI EA ’16. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, pp.3859–3862.
https: //doi.org/10.1145/2851581.2891089
Jillian L. Warren, Brendan B. Matkin, and Alissa N. Antle. (2016). Presentation-Body Self-Awareness in Equestrians. In Proceedings of the TEI ’16: Tenth International Conference on Tangible, Embedded, and Embodied Interaction - TEI ’16. ACM Press, New York, New York, USA, pp. 603–608.
https://doi.org/10.1145/2839462.2856551
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Horses of The Storm Book Link:
https://www.amazon.com/Horses-Storm-Incredible-Rescue-Katrinas/dp/1581501854/ref=sr_1_3?crid=282AZL3LLKP0L&keywords=Horses+of+the+storm&qid=1651078346&s=books&sprefix=horses+of+the+storm%252Cstripbooks%252C94&sr=1-3#detailBullets_feature_div&_encoding=UTF8&tag=mypodcast07-20&linkCode=ur2&linkId=41b1aa2d20e0e1a7a04c070175ee5470&camp=1789&creative=9325
This week Nancy and Kate discuss strategies for livestock disaster preparedness especially when it comes to tornados and extreme weather.
Research reference:
Boyajian SL, Lindberg NN, Gnad DP (2018). Tornado Preparation and Response in Feedlot Cattle. Veterinary Clinics of North America, Food Animimal Practice. Jul;34 (2), pp. 259-264.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29935714/
Advice from Farnam Companies Link:
https://www.farnam.com/stable-talk/be-prepared-for-natural-disasters
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss a research paper that reveals the significance of herd composition in turnout situations.
Research Reference:
Sigurjónsdóttir, H. & Haraldsson, H. (2019) Significance of Group Composition for the Welfare of Pastured Horses. Animals. Vol 9 (1), pp. 14.
Open Access Link: https://www.mdpi.com/390204
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Listener Survey: https://edinburgh.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/listener-survey-conversations-in-equine-science - Thank you!
Nancy and Kate discuss equine laterality and how it may reflect a horse having a positive or negative cognitive bias.
Research Reference:
Marr, I. et al. (2018) Evidence for Right-Sided Horses Being More Optimistic than Left-Sided Horses. Animals. [Online] 8 (12), 219. [online].
Research Paper Link: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/8/12/219/htm
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss a research paper comparing performance results using both training methods.
Research:
Holcomb, F., Multhaup, K., Erwin, S., Daniels, S. (2021). Spaced training enhances equine learning performance. Animal Cognition, (Springer) December 3 issue. pp. 1-8.
https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10071-021-01580-7.pdf
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The Ride of Her Life by Elizabeth Letts. Amazon Link: Book Link to The Ride of Her Life
Listener Survey Link: https://edinburgh.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/listener-survey-conversations-in-equine-science
Research Links:
Kendall A., Anagrius K., Gånheim A., Rosanowski S.M. & Bergström K. (2016). Duration of tetanus immunoglobulin G titres following basic immunisation of horses. Equine Veterinary Journal. 48(6) pp. 710-713. https://beva.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/evj.12502
Ribeiro, Márcio G. et al (2018). Tetanus in horses: an overview of 70 cases. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira [online], v. 38, n. 02 [Accessed 28 March 2022] , pp. 285-293. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-PVB-5441
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Today's episode Kate and Nancy discuss what makes a racehorse...genetics, environment and a healthy equine mental state.
References:
Emmeline W. Hill, Rita G. Fonseca, Beatrice A. McGivney, Jingjing Gu, David E. MacHugh, and Lisa M. Katz (2012). MSTN genotype (g.66493737C/T) association with speed indices in Thoroughbred racehorses, Journal of Applied Physiology 112:1, pp. 86-90.
https://journals.physiology.org/doi/full/10.1152/japplphysiol.00793.2011
RTE article:
https://www.rte.ie/brainstorm/2022/0302/1283856-tiger-roll-racehorses-genetics-environment-equine-psychology-arkle-galileo/#
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Nancy and Kate discuss the horse-human dyad and how bonding and familiarity make a difference in equine behavior.
Research References:
Birke, L.; Hockenhull, J. (2015). Journeys together: Horses and humans in partnership. Society and Animals, Volume 23, pp. 81–100.
https://brill.com/view/journals/soan/23/1/article-p81_6.xml?ebody=citedby-49894
Research that states horse-human bonds may take years:
S.M. Keaveney (2008). Equines and their human companions. Journal of Business Research, 61 (5) (2008), pp. 444-454
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0148296307002196
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Nancy and Kate discuss the equine conditions in the Ukraine and where donations can be sent securely.
References:
de Hemptinne, J. (2020). Challenges Regarding the Protection of Animals During Warfare (Chapter 14). Studies in Global Animal Law. Edited by Anne Peters, Springer Open Publishing, Max-Planck-Institut für ausländisches öffentliches Recht und Völkerrecht.
https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/37712/2020_Book_StudiesInGlobalAnimalLaw.pdf?sequence=1#page=170
World Horse Welfare Link: https://www.worldhorsewelfare.org/support-us/appeals/british-equestrians-for-ukraine-fund
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Kate and Nancy discuss how equine environment and training influence intestinal microbial populations.
Reference:
Mach, N., Ruet, A., Clark, A. et al (2020). Priming for welfare: gut microbiota is associated with equitation conditions and behavior in horse athletes. Scientific Reports 10, 8311.
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-65444-9
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Nancy and Kate discuss a research paper that analyzed bit related lesions that occurred in 52% of the 208 event horses examined. Join in the discussion and comment or leave us a voice message here on Anchor.
Read the research: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.651160/full
Tuomola Kati, Mäki-Kihniä Nina, Valros Anna, Mykkänen Anna, Kujala-Wirth Minna (2021). Bit-Related Lesions in Event Horses After a Cross-Country Test. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, Vol. 8.
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Thanks to all our listeners!
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Kate and Nancy discuss the causes and impacts of Equine Asthma.
References: https://thehorse.com/1107810/equine-asthma-causes-and-impacts/ (Conference Proceedings from the 2021 AAEP Conference.)
Laurent Couetil , Jacqueline M. Cardwell , Renaud Leguillette , Melissa Mazan , Eric Richard , Dorothee Bienzle , Michela Bullone , Vinzenz Gerber , Kathleen Ivester , Jean-Pierre Lavoie , James Martin , Gabriel Moran , Artur Niedźwiedź , Nicola Pusterla and Cyprianna Swiderski,(2020). Equine Asthma: Current Understanding and Future Directions. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 30 (7). https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.00450/full Listener Survey Link: https://edinburgh.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/listener-survey-conversations-in-equine-science
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Kate and Nancy discuss a research paper from September 2021 analyzing the methodology of 9 Dressage Trainers.
Reference:
Zetterqvist Blokhuis, M. (2021). Teaching Horse Riding: Is the Role of the Horse Recognized?, Society & Animals (published online ahead of print 2021).
https://doi.org/10.1163/15685306-bja10062https://brill.com/view/journals/soan/aop/article-10.1163-15685306-bja10062/article-10.1163-15685306-bja10062.xml.
Listener Survey Link: https://edinburgh.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/listener-survey-conversations-in-equine-science
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Kate and Nancy discuss the water requirements of horses. Is your horse drinking enough and how will you know?
Reference: Freeman, DE (2021). Effect of Feed Intake on Water Consumption in Horses: Relevance to Maintenance Fluid. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2021.626081/full Link to Survey: https://edinburgh.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/listener-survey-conversations-in-equine-science
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Kate and Nancy discuss a recently published paper on equine muscle atrophy scoring.
Reference: Herbst, AC, Johnson, MG, Gammons, H, Reedy, SE, Urshel, KL, Harris, PA, Adams, AA (2022). Development and Evaluation of a Muscle Atrophy Scoring System (MASS) for Horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, ISSN: 0737-0806, Vol: 110, Page: 103771.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0737080621004019
Listener Survey Link: https://edinburgh.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/listener-survey-conversations-in-equine-science
Thank you!
Nancy and Kate
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One of Nancy's Thoroughbred yearling colts recently had a sales radiograph that revealed a small medial bone chip. No lameness and nothing amiss...what does the research reveal ? Kate and Nancy discuss using current research.
Reference: Moyer, CT, Bramlage, LR, Werre, SR, Ruggles, A, Embertson, R, Hopper, S.(2019). Osteochondral fragments of the pastern joint at the origin of the collateral ligament of the distal sesamoid bone: performance after arthroscopic removal (2000–2015). Veterinary Surgery. Vol 48: pp. 1181– 1187.
Link: https://doi.org/10.1111/vsu.13307
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Kate and Nancy discuss the results of an equine research paper that recorded horse behavior modifications that occurred during and after exposure to classical music. This research was done on stabled horses with stereotypical behaviors.
Reference: Xin Huo, Matchirathakorn Wongkwanklom, Thanakon Phonraksa and Pongchan Na-Lampang (2021).
Effects of playing classical music on behavior of stabled horses. Veterinary Integrative
Sciences, 19(2), pp. 259-267.
Link: https://he02.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/vis/article/view/250739/170429
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Kate and Nancy discuss research on the equine discomfort ethogram.
Reference: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/2/580/htm#app1-animals-11-00580
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Kate and Nancy discuss their favorite episodes and also reveal the listeners' favorites as well!
Merry Christmas and Happy 2022 to humans and horses!
After 80 straight episodes without a break, we are taking a week off to celebrate! Look for a new season to begin on 7 January 2022!
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Kate and Nancy discuss a research paper that documented wound healing rates in 127 cases/horses. MGH was used in 69 cases. The control group consisted of 58 cases (MGH was not used). All wounds were cleaned with diluted with clorhexidine or diluted provodone iodine and then sutured. The MGH treated wounds were sutured after the MGH was applied or small openings at the top and bottom of the wounds were left open so MGH could be inserted at the top, above the sutures.
Reference: Mandel HH, Sutton, GA, Abu, E, Kelmer, G. (2019). Intralesional application of medical grade honey improves healing of surgically treated lacerations in horses. Equine Veterinary Journal, 52. pp. 41-45.
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Join Kate and Nancy as they discuss the progress of equine dental practices.
References:
Easley, Jack DVM (2020). A Brief History of Equine Dental Practice. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Equine Practice
Volume 36, Issue 3, pp. 425-432.
Listener Survey: https://edinburgh.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/listener-survey-conversations-in-equine-science
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This week Kate and Nancy discuss the latest developments in EHV-1 research.
References:
(Khusro et al., 2020)
A. Khusro, C. Aarti, R.R. Rivas-Caceres, A. Barbabosa-Pliego (2020). Equine herpesvirus-I infection in horses: recent updates on its pathogenicity, vaccination, and preventative management strategies, Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 87 (2020), Article e102923
https://equinediseasecc.org/alerts
https://inside.fei.org/fei/ehv-1
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References:
https://www.thebrooke.org
https://www.brookeusa.org/
"Last year alone, 159,631 donkeys in Kenya were slaughtered for their skins. An estimated 60 donkeys a week are being stolen from Kenyan owners who depend on them for daily life and to make a living. At this rate, donkeys will vanish from the African continent by 2023. We must accelerate our action—we must ban the trade of donkey skins, crack down on smuggling, and protect the donkeys." - Brooke USA.
Please petition Amazon from selling the ejiao products. Action plan is on the Brooke websites.
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Research: Keating, DL, Lehman, JS, Burk, SV (2021). Salivary Cortisol, Equine Characteristics, and Management Factors Associated With Strongyle-Type Egg Shedding of Ohio Horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Volume 101, page 103431.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0737080621000617 abstract (not open access).
Next week join us in the Spotify Greenroom on Wednesday, November 24, 6pm (GMT)/12pm CST. We'll be discussing the Donkey Hide Crisis as The Brooke USA and The Brooke UK attempt to make a difference by initiating policy changes. Read more from the Brooke USA website:
https://www.brookeusa.org/donkey-hide-crisis
Tell us what you think about the podcast!
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Research:
Henry, S., Sigurjónsdóttir, H., Klapper, A., Joubert, J., Montier, G. and Hausberger, M. (2020) ‘Domestic Foal Weaning: Need for Re-Thinking Breeding Practices?’, Animals. MDPI AG, 10(2), p. 361. doi: 10.3390/ani10020361.
Open Access: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/2/361/htm
Claire NEVEUX - Marianne VIDAMENT (05.03.2019). Management of the young horse in the key periods of his life.
Open Access: https://equipedia.ifce.fr/fileadmin/bibliotheque/7.Technical_information/Management-of-the-young-horse-in-the-key-periods.pdf
Conversations in Equine Science Survey: https://edinburgh.onlinesurveys.ac.uk/listener-survey-conversations-in-equine-science
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Presentations:
Does the start of flat races influence racehorse race performance? I.Wells and J. Williams. ISES 2021
Effects of bitted vs. bitless bridles on horses' behaviour and eye temperature: preliminary findings. Linda Greening. ISES 2021
Getting a grip: a potential rider impact. Professor Hayley Randle. ISES 2021.
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Nancy picks Prof Mike Mendl’s Clever Hans Presentation on Animal (Equine) emotion and decision making; an integrative framework. Kate chose The effect of wearing a headcollar or bridle on the scoring of horses (Equus caballus) using the Horse Grimace Scale. By Amanda Gates.
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Research Reference:
Kelemen, Z., Grimm, H., Vogl, C., Long, M., Cavalleri, J. M. V., Auer, U. and Jenner, F. (2021) ‘Equine Activity Time Budgets: The Effect of Housing and Management Conditions on Geriatric Horses and Horses with Chronic Orthopaedic Disease’, Animals. MDPI AG, 11(7), p. 1867. doi: 10.3390/ani11071867.
https://www.mdpi.com/1160804
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Research Reference: Horses as a crucial part of One Health. See last week's reference as it is Open Access.
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Lönker, N. S., Fechner, K. and Abd El Wahed, A. (2020) ‘Horses as a Crucial Part of One Health’, Veterinary Sciences. MDPI AG, Volume 7, (1) pp. 28-45.
Link: https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/7/1/28/htm (Open Access).
Next week, 13 October, join us in the Spotify Green Room to give us your thoughts on this paper. We're happy to have you join in the discussion!
Room Name: One Health-Equine
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Mitchell, Briony (2018). Does Science hold the key to equine nutrition. Equine Health Magazine, Vol 2018 (4).
https://doi.org/10.12968/eqhe.2018.41.10
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Reference:
Shakeshaft, A. & Tabor, G. (2020) The Effect of a Physiotherapy Intervention on Thoracolumbar Posture in Horses. Animals. [Online] 10 (11), 1977. [online].
Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10111977.
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MacKechnie-Guire R, Fisher M, & Pfau, T (2020). Effect of a half pad on pressure distribution in sitting trot and canter beneath a saddle fitted to industry guidelines. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Vol 96 (1).
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All referral monies earned go to "The Brooke Action For Working Horses and Donkeys."
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Research Reference:
Francis JM, Perry EB (2021). The Influence of Packaging on Palatability and Shelf Life Stability of Horse Treats. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science. (3) 98.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33663712/
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Research Reference:
Dashper, Katherine (2010) ‘It's a Form of Freedom’: The experiences of people with disabilities within equestrian sport, Annals of Leisure Research, Vol 13:1-2, pp. 86-101, DOI: 10.1080/11745398.2010.9686839
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Research:
Toma Milan, Pandya Yesha Hitesh, Dongre Dhaval, Nizich Michael (2021). Assessing Forces Exerted on Horses Using Varying Riding Crops.
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Volume 98, (March issue).
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0737080620304329
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Research Reference:
McGreevy, P.D.P. & McLean, A.N. (2009). Punishment in horse-training and the concept of ethical equitation
Journal of Veterinary Behavior. Volume 4 (5), pp. 193-197.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1558787808001123
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Reference:
Hyttinen, AM, Ahtiainen, JP & Häkkinen, K (2020). Oxygen uptake, heart rate and blood lactate levels in female horseback riders during the obstacle test track, International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport, Vol. 20(4), pp. 584-595, DOI: 10.1080/24748668.2020.1764747
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Reference:
Lansade, L., Trösch, M., Parias, C., Blanchard, A., Gorosurreta, E., Calandreau, L. (2021). Horses are sensitive to baby talk: pet-directed speech facilitates communication with humans in a pointing task and during grooming. Animal Cognition.
Link to paper:
https://rdcu.be/csC8V
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Reference:
Chatel, M.M. and Williams, J.M. (2021). What’s in a warm-up? A preliminary investigation of how European dressage riders and show jumpers warm-up their horses for training and at competition. Comparative Exercise Physiology, Vol. 17 (2), pp. 99-108.
Link: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Jane-Williams-8/publication/346214605_What%27s_in_a_warm-up_A_preliminary_investigation_of_how_European_dressage_riders_and_show_jumpers_warm-up_their_horses_for_training_and_at_competition/links/6028ea49299bf1cc26c42987/Whats-in-a-warm-up-A-preliminary-investigation-of-how-European-dressage-riders-and-show-jumpers-warm-up-their-horses-for-training-and-at-competition.pdf
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Reference:
Carrie J. Finno, DVM, PhD, Diplomate ACVIM (2020). Veterinary Pet Supplements and Nutraceuticals. Nutrition Today Vol 5 (2), pp.97-101.
Davis Equine Services: https://www.davisequine.ca/
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Reference Resources:
https://trainermagazine.com/north-american-trainer-articles/on-the-bridle-scientific-research-uncovers-the-performance-advantages-of-reducing-bridle-pressure-which-type-of-bridle-works-best-for-which-type-of-horse/2021/2/24
https://equitationscience.com/equitation/position-statement-on-restrictive-nosebands
FeedXL Discount:https://feedxl.referralrock.com/l/1NANCYMCLEA17/
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Resources:
Campbell, M. L. H. (2021) ‘An Ethical Framework for the Use of Horses in Competitive Sport: Theory and Function’, Animals. MDPI AG, 11(6), p. 1725.
Webinar: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2y8ll5Fkudk
Next week join the Spotify Greenroom for Horse Welfare. Kate and Nancy will both be there and encourage listeners to join in the conversation!
https://www.spotify.com/us/greenroom/ Sign up and log in to the Horse Welfare room.
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Research:
Kline, KE, and Moorman, VJ (2020). Evaluation of a Commercial Activity Monitor for Determining Step Counts in Horses. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Vol 95.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0737080620303634?via%3Dihub
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Resource Reference:
https://horsesandpeople.com.au/can-bedding-improve-your-horses-performance/
This article is a wonderful "easy read" literature review that references 16 evidence based peer reviewed research papers.
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Research Reference:
C.M. Mejdell, K.E. Bøe, G.H. Jørgensen (2020). Caring for the horse in a cold climate—reviewing principles for thermoregulation and horse preferences. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 231.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0168159120301593
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Janczarek, I., Stachurska, A., Wilk, I., Wiśniewska, A., Różańska-Boczula, M., Kaczmarek, B., Łuszczyński, J. and Kędzierski, W., 2021. Horse Preferences for Insolation, Shade or Mist Curtain in the Paddock under Heat Conditions: Cardiac and Behavioural Response Analysis. Animals, [online] 11(4), p.933. Available at: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/11/4/933
FeedXL Link (10% off):
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References:
Nat Waran's presentation for World Horse Welfare: How to provide a good life for horses; Friends. Forage and Freedom!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zH-HgekkGxQ
Additional Presenters: Sam York, Coach and 3 day event rider/Rae Andrews, World Horse Welfare Field Officer.
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References:
Padalino, B. and Raidal, S. L. (2020) ‘Effects of Transport Conditions on Behavioural and Physiological Responses of Horses’, Animals. MDPI AG, 10(1), p. 160-178.
Link: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/1/160/htm
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Research References:
Fenner, K., Dashper, K., Wilkins, C., Serpell, J., McLean, A., Wilson, B. and McGreevy, P. (2020) ‘Building Bridges between Theory and Practice: How Citizen Science Can Bring Equine Researchers and Practitioners Together’, Animals. MDPI AG, 10(9), p. 1644.
Link:
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/10/9/1644/htm
https://www.e-barq.com
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References:
www.equitationscience.com
For free poster downloads and more information:
www.horsewelfare.com
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Resources and References:
www.equitationscience.com
McGreevy P., McLean, A. (2007). Roles of learning theory and ethology in equitation.
Journal of Veterinary Behaviour, 2, pp. 108-118.
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This bonus episode answers a listeners question on "What makes for a good research paper ?"
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Research resource:
Dyson, S., Thomson, K., Quiney, L., Bondi, A. and Ellis, A.D. (2020). Can veterinarians reliably apply a whole horse ridden ethogram to differentiate nonlame and lame horses based on live horse assessment of behaviour? Equine Veterinary Education 32, (10) pp. 112-120. (Not an open source article.)
Link to the "Horses and People" article which lists the ethogram: https://horsesandpeople.com.au/ridden-horse-ethogram-helps-identify-pain/
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Link to presentation by Sue Dyson, DVM and Adam Cummins, Mgr of Penny Farms Centre (World Horse Welfare). Hosted by Roly Owers, Chief Executive of World Horse Welfare.
https://youtu.be/3c_koj8cSxA
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Research Resource:
Ramsey, S. (2019). Hoof Wall Separation Disease: Animal Welfare and Ethical Risk to the Irish Connemara Pony. Southern Institute of Technology, Technical Report.
Open Source.
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Rørvang MV, Nielsen BL and McLean AN (2020) Sensory Abilities of Horses and Their Importance for Equitation Science. Front. Vet. Sci. 7:633.
Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2020.00633/full?&utm_source=Email_to_authors_&utm_medium=Email&utm_content=T1_11.5e1_author&utm_campaign=Email_publication&field&journalName=Frontiers_in_Veterinary_Science&id=561737&fbclid=IwAR2LtOmCPdrZ
(Open Source)
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Request a talk/consultation with Carole at carolejohnston21@gmail.com
Research on balance and the brain:
Surgent OJ, Dadalko OI, Pickett KA, Travers BG (2019). Balance and the brain: A review of structural brain correlates of postural balance and balance training in humans. Gait Posture. Jun;71 pp. 245-252.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31082657/
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Research:
Elmeua González M, Šarabon N (2020) Muscle modes of the equestrian rider at walk, rising trot and canter. PLoS ONE 15(8).
https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0237727.
Venkatraman, A., Edlow, B. L., & Immordino-Yang, M. H. (2017). The Brainstem in Emotion: A Review. Frontiers in neuroanatomy, 11, 15. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnana.2017.00015
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5343067/
Dhaliwal, M.S., Henson, Dayon. EFFECT OF A DERMATOME NEUROPOINT ACTIVATING SOCKS ON OVERALL BALANCE AND STABILITY USING THE SWAY MEDICAL APPLICATION. California Sports Institute, Clinical Studies pp. 1-7.
https://voxxlife.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/2.-Independent-Study-Impact-of-Voxx-HPT-on-Balance-Stability-and-Strength.pdf
Kennedy, Paul and Tim Inglis (2002). Distribution and behaviour of glabrous cutaneous receptors in the human foot sole. Journal of Physiology, 538.3. pp. 995-1002.
https://111115011.voxxlife.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/3.-Distribution-of-Mechanoreceptors-in-Human-Foot-Sole-University-of-British-Columbia-Canada.pdf
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Resources:
Julliand, S., Dacremont, C., Omphalius, C., Villot, C. and Julliand, C. (2019). Association between nutritional values of hays fed to horses and sensory properties as perceived by human sight, touch and smell. Animal, Vol 13 (9), pp. 1834-1832.
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Research Resources:
Gillis, C. (1997) Rehabilitation of tendon and ligament injuries. Proc. Am. Ass. equine Practnrs. 43, 306‐ 309.
Pugliese BR, Brisbois AL, Size KJ, et al (2021). Biomechanical and wearability testing of novel legwear for variably limiting extension of the metacarpophalangeal joint of horses. Am J Vet Res; (82).
H.H.F. Buchner, H.H.C.M. Savelberg, H.C. Schamhardt, H.W. Merkens & A. Barneveld (1994) Kinematics of treadmill versus overground locomotion in horses, Veterinary Quarterly, 16:sup. 2, pp. 87-90
All of these are accessible on Google Scholar (Open Source).
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Link to the open source research:
McVey, Rosalie Jones. (2021). An Ethnographic Account of the British Equestrian Virtue of Bravery, and Its Implications for Equine Welfare. Animals, Vol, 11, 188.
https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010188
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Diakakis, N., Tyrnenopoulou, P. (2017). Correlation between equine colic and weather changes. Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society, Vol. 68, pp. 455-466.
Cianci, J., Boyle, A.G., Stefanovski, Darko, Biddle, A.S. (2021). Lack of Association Between Barometric Pressure and Incidence of Colic in Equine Academic Ambulatory Practice. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, Vol 97.
Fintl C, Hudson NP, Handel I, Pearson GT (2016). The effect of temperature changes on in vitro slow wave activity in the equine ileum. Equine Veterinary Journal Vol 48. (Open Access)
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Research Reference:
Trösch, M., Pellon, S., Cuzol, F. et al. (2020). Horses feel emotions when they watch positive and negative horse–human interactions in a video and transpose what they saw to real life. Anim Cogn 23, pp. 643–653
Link:
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10071-020-01369-0?fbclid=IwAR278hOdLV51HytST89t4NF1C2mFiSQWWw75hq3H_IoLNnkWIiinCj1cqsM#citeas
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Research Reference:
Lundberg Paulina, Hartmann Elke, Roth Lina S.V. (2020). Does training style affect the human-horse relationship? Asking the horse in a separation–reunion experiment with the owner and a stranger. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Volume 233, December.
Link to Research Paper:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016815912030232X?via%3Dihub
Link to Daily Mail Article:
https://www.dailymail.co.uk/sciencetech/article-8909547/Horses-DONT-form-attachment-bonds-owners-study-finds.html
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Research Resource:
Munsters, Carolien, Kingmac, Boris, van den Broeke, Jan, van Oldruitborgh-Oosterbaana, Marianne (2020). A prospective cohort study on the acute:chronic workload ratio in relation to injuries in high level eventing horses: A comprehensive 3-year study. Preventative Veterinary Medicine 179.
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Resources : www.ed.ac.uk/vet
Equine Obesity is defined as abnormal excessive fat that presents a risk to health. It is a disease of domestication.
Cushing's Disease and Equine Metabolic Syndrome Fact Sheet: https://www.ed.ac.uk/files/imports/fileManager/Cushings%20and%20metabolic%20syndrome%20-%20updated.pdf
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Anzulewicz, A.; Fenner, K.; Hyde, M.; Heald, S.; Burattini, B.; Romness, N.; McKenzie, J.; Wilson, B.; McGreevy, P. (2021). The Impact of the Sex of Handlers and Riders on the Reported Social Confidence, Compliance and Touch Sensitivity of Horses in Their Care. Animals 11, 130.https://www.e-barq.org/e-barq-research
For information on the Equine Behavior and Assessment Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ) go to www.kandooequine.com
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Research Papers:
Murray, R., Guire, R., Fisher, M., Fairfax, V. (2013). Girth pressure measurements reveal high peak pressures that can be avoided using an alternative girth design that also results in increased limb protraction and flexion in the swing phase. The Veterinary Journal 198. pp. 92-97.
Millares-Ramirez, E, Le Juene, S. (2019). Girthiness: A Retrospective Study of 37 Horses (2004-2016). Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 79. pp. 100-104.
van Iwaarden, A, Stubbs, NC, Clayton, HM (2012). Anatomy of the Equine M. Cutaneus Trunci in Relation to the Position of the Saddle and Girth. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science 32. pp 519-524.
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Research Paper:
Mott R.O., Hawthorne S.J., & McBride S.D. (2020). Blink rate as a measure of stress and attention in the domestic horse (Equus caballus). Scientific Reports (10). pp. 1-8.
Open source link:
www.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78386-z
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Kate and Nancy discuss their most popular episodes.
For Pasture Management information please follow this link:
https://forages.ca.uky.edu/
Happy 2021 Everyone!
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Reference:
Mott, R. O., Hawthorne, S.J., McBride S.D. (2020). Blink rate as a measure of stress and attention in the domestic horse (Equus callabus). Scientific Reports, 10.
Open source link:
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78386-z
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Research Reference:
McKeever, K.H. (2016) Exercising and rehabilitation of the older horse. Vet Clin Equine (32) pp. 317–332
Book Reference:
https://www.amazon.com/Horse-Blankets-Coolers-Sheets-proper-ebook/dp/B00PYSTEJQ/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=Horse+Blankets+by+Nancy+McLean&qid=1608259625&s=digital-text&sr=1-1
McLean, Nancy (2014). Horse Blankets, Coolers and Sheets...a Guide for Safe and Proper Use. (Amazon Kindle)
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Reference Resources: Winfield, J., Williams, J., and Dixon, M. (2013). The use of reflective practice to support mentoring of elite equestrian coaches. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching and Mentoring Vol. 11, No. 1, February 2013 pp. 162-179. Equilab App in the App Store. Lisa Ashton on Facebook @ "Coffee for Horse Lovers".
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Reference Resource:
H. M. CLAYTON, S. DYSON, P. HARRIS and A. BONDI (2015), "Horses, Saddles and Riders: Applying The Science." Equine Veterinary Education, 27 (9) pp. 447-452.
doi: 10.1111/eve.12407.
www.saddleresearchtrust.com
Joyce Harman, DVM (2004). The Horse's Pain-Free Back and Saddle-Fit Book. Trafalgar Square Publishing, North Pomfret, Vermont, USA.
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Reference Resources:
Schlote, Sarah. (2019) Security in Connection and Co-regulation: Safeguarding the Horse from Traumatic Re-enactments in EQUUSOMA.
Therapy Centers:
rideonstl.org
https://festinalente.ie/
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Reference Website: EponaMind.com
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Join Kate and Nancy as they interview Tom Brodahl on the advantages of using water treadmills for the rehabilitation and conditioning of our equine companions and athletes.
www.hudsonaquatic.com
To contact Tom about the treadmills and/or spa: info@hudsonaquatic.com
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Reference List:
Barrey, Eric (2014). 'Biomechanics of locomotion in the athletic horse' Ch. 10 in Hinchcliff, KW, Kaneps AJ, & Geor, RJ. Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery, Saunders, Edinburgh. pp. 189-209.
Lameness Lab #1: https://youtu.be/PQ3iyoiZwA0
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Research Reference:
Greco-Otto, Persephone et al., 2017. "Workload of horses on a water treadmill: effect of speed and water height on oxygen consumption and cardiorespiratory parameters". BMC veterinary research, 13(1), p.360.
Industry videos:
ECB:
https://youtu.be/NoFq_BOXcxU
Hudson Aquatics:
https://youtu.be/o-egugRbfJk
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Research Reference:
Catalano, Devan N et al., 2019. The Effect of Goldfish (Carassius auratus) on Water Quality in Horse Stock Tanks. Journal of equine veterinary science, 79, pp.73–78.
Key "takeaways" :
Keep tanks clean. Water odor, temperature, turbidity and color will determine intake.
Horses should drink 1 gallon of water per 100lbs or for a 1,000 lbs horse = 10 gallons per day. Preferably 10 to 15 gallons/day. A horse eating fresh grass (pasture) will require less water while a horse eating hay usually requires more water.
A mentally and physically thriving horse is usually given required amounts of forage, water, movement (turnout) and social interaction with conspecifics.
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Research Reference:
Bulmer, Louise S et al., 2019. High-starch diets alter equine faecal microbiota and increase behavioural reactivity. Scientific reports, 9(1), pp.18621–11.
The equine digestive tract is better suited to a high fiber-fat low starch diet. This type of diet results in healthier microbial populations within the intestines and results in a more settled pattern of behavior. Horses are designed to eat small amounts more frequently mimicking grazing/trickle feeding behavior.
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Research References:
McBride, Sebastian D & Mills, Daniel S, 2012. Psychological factors affecting equine performance. BMC veterinary research, 8(1), p.180.
For optimal performance of our equine partners we need peak physical fitness and a correct psychological state. Within that psychological state there are 3 components; Temperament, Mood and Emotional Reactions.
Stereotypical Behaviors and Persistence Article:
Hemmings A, McBride SD, Hale CE: Perseverative responding and the aetiology of equine oral stereotypy. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2007, 104(1–2):143–150.
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Research Reference:
Lamperd, W., Clarke, D., Wolframm, I., Williams, J.(2016). What makes an elite equestrian rider? Comparative Exercise Physiology, 12(3), pp.105–118.
Wolframm, I., Williams, J., Marlin, D. (2015). The role of personality in equestrian sport: an investigation. Comparative Exercise Physiology 11: 133-144.
Books Recommended:
"Outliers" by Malcolm Gladwell and "How Good Riders Get Good" by Denny Emerson
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A Preliminary Study Investigating the Influence of Auditory Stimulation on the Occurrence of Nocturnal Equine Sleep-Related
Behavior in Stabled Horses. (2019)
Naomi Hartman , Linda Margaret Greening *
Equine Science Department, Hartpury University, Gloucester, Gloucestershire, UK
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CxPcnhcWzjY (Beethoven's 9th Symphony used in the above referenced research paper).
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Kate Fenner is an Equine Scientist (BEqSc (Hons), Charles Sturt University), PhD candidate (Sydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney), equestrian coach (Equestrian Australia and British Horse Society), horse trainer (John and Josh Lyons Certified Trainer). Kate has ridden, trained and competed in Dressage, Jumping, Western and polo in Australia, Europe, USA and Asia.
After years of experience starting horses for clients, Kate feels strongly that owners are best served by learning to train their own horses. As a result, she founded Kandoo Equine and has developed a series of ethical, easy to follow, step-by-step guides that are suitable for horses and riders of all levels.
She is currently completing her PhD on the development of the Equine Behavior Assessment and Research Questionnaire (E-BARQ).
Contact Information: kate@kandooequine.com.au
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Kate and Nancy discuss the benefits of the E-BARQ standardized tool for assessing horse behavior.. This application collects data on horse behavior, management and training. Horse behavior is a reflection of each horses' management and training. The platform is hosted by the University of Sydney.
We encourage every horse enthusiast, researcher, professional and practitioner to participate in E-BARQ!
Link: www.e-barq.com
Next week Kate and Nancy will be interviewing Kate Fenner who has worked on E-BARQ as her PhD project. She also owns Kandoo Equine. Check out her website or email us with questions you want us to ask her. www.kandooequine.com
Thanks everyone!
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Keith grew up 20 minutes from Louisiana Downs where Thoroughbred racing was the center piece for his family. He is a multiple stakes placed jockey with $2.4 million in earnings. As an actor he played Sham's jockey in the movie Secretariat. He was an Assistant Trainer for D.Wayne Lukas and Tom Amoss. He also spent time as an exercise rider for Mark Casse. This spring Keith became the Head Trainer for Man of Steel Enterprises, LLC. He currently has 4 starts, 3 wins and 1 third place finish.
Keith can be contacted via his FaceBook Messenger at Keith Andrew Austin.
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Kate and Nancy discuss Equine Coronavirus as an emerging viral disease in adult horses and the parallels, it seems to exhibit, with our current human pandemic. (There is no evidence to indicate that horses could contract SARS-CoV-2 or that horses may be involved in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 to other animals or humans.)
*Out of 132/600 (2 to 4 years old) race horses that were exposed to equine coronavirus 22% were positive with symptoms (10% of these horses were reported to have GI symptoms).
Referenced research:
Pusterla, N., (2020). Science‐in‐brief: Equine coronavirus – a decade long journey to investigate an emerging enteric virus of adult horses. Equine veterinary journal, 52(5), pp.651–653.
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Research Reference:
Aune, Anna et al., 2020. Reported Behavioural Differences between Geldings and Mares Challenge Sex-Driven Stereotypes in Ridden Equine Behaviour. Animals (Basel), 10(3), p.414.
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Research Thesis (Phd): Uta Ulrike Von Borstel (2007). Fear In Horses and How It Is Effected By The Rider, Training and Genetics.
This study provides evidence that horses unaccustomed to being ridden in Rollkür prefer regular poll flexion rather than Rollkür. Horses were also more likely to exhibit behavior patterns indicative of discomfort or frustration when ridden in Rollkür than when ridden in normal poll flexion. This is supported with increased heart rates that reveal higher emotional arousal during Rollkür. Fear reactions were also stronger after being ridden in Rollkür versus normal poll flexion. These results suggest that Rollkür may compromise the horses welfare and impact rider safety.
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Research Thesis (Phd): Uta Ulrike Von Borstel (2007). Fear In Horses and How It Is Effected By The Rider, Training and Genetics.
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The research we talk about this week is in relation to the following scientific paper:
Lanata, Antonio et al (2018). A Case for Interspecies Transfer of Emotions: A Preliminary Investigation on How Human Odors Modify Reactions of the Autonomic Nervous System in Horses. Conference proceedings : Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual Conference, 2018, pp.522–525.
Next week we continue our discussion on fear based reactions in horses and riders by discussing the PHd thesis entitled "Fear in the horse and how it is effected by the rider, training and genetics. This will be a 3 part series. Author: Ute Ulrike von Borstel (2007).
We hope you join us! We appreciate each and every one of you!
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Jarvis, N., Paradis, M.R., Harris, P. (2019) Nutrition considerations for the aged horse.
Equine Veterinary Education 31(2), pp 102-110.
Summary: "As the proportion of aged horses within the general equine population appears to be increasing in the UK and other developed countries, it is important to be aware of the changing dietary requirements associated with the aging process and age related diseases. This review provides guidelines for optimal nutrition of the older horse with practical approaches to improve or maintain body condition and support general health."
Listen in as Kate and Nancy discuss these guidelines and recommendations.
Below is the link to Equi-Analytical for Hay/Fresh Forage and Grain analysis.
https://equi-analytical.com/common-feed-profiles/interactive-common-feed-profile/
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This is our first interview of the series. You can check out Brittany and her business at Davis Equine Services, Didsbury, Alberta, Canada. The website address is davisequine.ca (Due to internet differences there may be some sound discrepancies).
Next week Kate and Nancy will be back assessing research on the nutritional needs of senior horses.
Thank you for listening!
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Pagan, J.D., Martin, O.A., Crowley, N.L. (2009).Relationship Between Body Condition and Metabolic Parameters in Sport Horses, Pony Hunters and Polo Ponies. Journal of Equine Veterinary Science, 29(5). pp. 418-420.
Obesity has been associated with insulin resistance in horses and ponies. This study seems to conclude that overweight sport horses and ponies are less likely to be hyperinsulinemic than sedentary horses and ponies.
Equine Metabolic Syndrome can be controlled through a management protocol of diet and exercise.
Points to note:
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The cresty neck score is designed to assess the amount of fatty deposits in the horse’s nuchal ligament area. This assessment is independent of body condition score.
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It is recommended that you use a combination of palpation and visualisation to obtain the score.
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The characteristics of different breeds may influence your score. For example, you are likely to score a Draught horse higher than a Thoroughbred when they may in fact have the same degree of fat deposits.
Cresty Neck Score: (0 to 5 scale, 3 and above is considered problematic.)
0 - no crest or fat deposit present
1 - no visual appearance, but fat can be palpated.
2 - noticeable appearance of a crest, but fat deposited fairly evenly from poll to withers. Crest easily cupped in one hand and bent from side to side.
3 - Crest enlarged and thickened, so fat is deposited more heavily in middle of the neck than toward poll and withers, giving a mounded appearance. Crest fills cupped hand and begins losing side to side flexibility.
4 - Crest grossly enlarged and thickened, and can no longer be cupped in one hand or easily bent from side to side. Crest may have wrinkles/creases perpendicular to topline.
5 - Crest is so large it permanently droops to one side.
Cresty Neck Ratio: Circumference of middle of neck in inches (neck should be in a relaxed position) divided by Height in inches. (Centimeters can also be used)
If answer is greater than .63 in a horse or .68 in a pony it is time to take action to begin reducing that crest.
Link to FeedXL for nutritional support:
https://feedxl.referralrock.com/l/1NANCYMCLEA17/
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This week Kate and Nancy delve into the research of Dr. David Mellor and N.J. Beausoleil (2017). The paper is entitled Equine Welfare during exercise: An evaluation of breathing, breathlessness and bridles. This was published in Animals, 7(6) p. 41.
Dr. Mellor also recently published (2020) "Mouth pain in horses: Physiological Foundations, Behavioral Indices, Welfare Implications and Suggested Solution. (Free on Google Scholar).
Dr. David Mellor's Youtube link and presentation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rY4yEC7lhco
Bits in U.S. racing: https://www.paulickreport.com/news/nl-list/thats-a-mouthful-racing-bits-explained/#:~:text=Cook%20has%20campaigned%20unsuccessfully%20to,so%20far%20not%20permitted%20it.
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This research was an investigation by I.A. Wolframm, J. Williams and D. Marlin. Kate and Nancy discuss the ramifications and conclusions of this study.
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In this introductory episode, Kate and Nancy discuss their Edinburgh experience in the Equine Science MSc and how they have gone from teaching partners to podcast co-hosts.
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Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/nancy-mclean/message Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/nancy-mclean/support