All You Need to Know About India: Recent Episodes

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Article 4 allows for such substantial changes in the First and Fourth Schedule, without going through the special formality of a law for the amendment of the Constitution prescribed in Article 368. Article 4 allows to bypass Article 368.

Source:

Indian Polity by M Laxmikanth

The Hindu Newspaper

Indian Constitution at Work NCERT

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Article 3 Formation of new states and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States-

Parliament may by law -

1. Form a new state by internal re-adjustment;
2. Increase the size of any state
3. Diminish the area of any state
4. Alter the boundaries of any state
5. Alter the name of any state

Basically, Article 3 deals with internal re-adjustment. Article 3 empowers the Parliament to form a new state or change the boundaries of any state or change the state's name. Nevertheless, Parliament has to follow specific procedures in this regard.

Sources:

1. Indian Polity by M Laxmikanth

2. Indian Constitution at Work NCERT

3. Introduction to the Constitution of India DD Basu

4. The Hindu Newspaper

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Article 2 empowers the Parliament to ‘admit into the Union, or establish new States, on terms and conditions as it thinks fit.

Thus, Article 2 gives two powers to the Parliament -

First, the power to admit into the Union of India new states which are already in existence; and

Second, the power to establish new States, which never existed before.

India is a sovereign country. India can acquire foreign territories according to the modes recognised by international law. This mode can be surrendering a land following treaty, purchase, gift, lease or plebiscite OR Occupieying territory formerly unoccupied by a recognised ruler OR conquest OR subjugation.

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Here I have explained the Article 1 of the Indian Constitution - Name and territory of the Union

1. India, i.e. Bharat, shall be a Union of States.
2. The States and the territories thereof shall be as specified in the First Schedule.
3. The territories of India shall comprise -

the territories of the States

the Union territories specified in the First Schedule; and

such other territories as may be acquired