Thrivous: Recent Episodes
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Caffeine is a popular stimulant that many people consume daily to boost their alertness and cognitive performance. A recent clinical study titled "Examining the effects of caffeine during an auditory attention task" explores how caffeine affects attention and mental engagement during tasks that require sustained concentration. This study provides valuable insights into the benefits of caffeine consumption, especially in the context of tasks requiring focused attention.
The study was conducted by Tyler B. Kruger, Mike J. Dixon, Jonathan M. Oakman, and Daniel Smilek. It was published in the journal "Consciousness and Cognition" in September 2024. The researchers aimed to understand whether caffeine could improve attention and reduce mind-wandering during an auditory task. This information could be beneficial not only to regular caffeine consumers but also to individuals who use cognitive enhancers to improve their daily performance.
Understanding how caffeine affects attention can have significant implications for various fields, including education, work productivity, and even the use of cognitive enhancement supplements. As more people seek ways to optimize their cognitive function, this study offers important evidence on the efficacy of caffeine in enhancing mental focus and reducing distractions.
Study DesignThe study involved a total of 127 participants who completed two sessions of an auditory attention task. During these sessions, participants had to intermittently respond to thought probes that asked about their level of mind-wandering. After completing the first session, participants were divided into two groups: one group received 200 mg of caffeine, and the other group received non-caffeinated placebo.
Both groups received caffeine 20 minutes before starting the second session of the auditory attention task. The researchers aimed to compare the performance and self-reported levels of attention and mind-wandering between the caffeine group and the placebo group. The thought probes helped measure the participants' on-task thoughts and instances of spontaneous mind-wandering throughout the task.
The study used a double-blind design, meaning that neither the participants nor the researchers knew which participants received placebo. This design helps eliminate bias and ensures that the effects observed are due to the caffeine itself and not to participants' expectations or other factors. The performance metrics and self-reported data were then analyzed to draw conclusions about the impact of caffeine on attention and mental engagement.
Study ResultsThe results of the study showed that participants who received caffeine reported being more on task during the auditory attention task compared to those who received the placebo. The caffeine group also reported fewer instances of spontaneous mind-wandering. These findings suggest that caffeine helps maintain focus and reduces distractions, which can enhance performance in tasks that require sustained attention.
Additionally, the participants who consumed caffeine exhibited less variability in their response times, indicating more consistent performance throughout the task. This consistency is crucial for tasks that require steady and prolonged concentration. Participants in the caffeine group also reported higher levels of positive affect and arousal, demonstrating that caffeine not only improved attention but also made the task feel more engaging and less monotonous.
Moreover, the caffeine group reported feeling less bored, sleepy, and mentally exhausted after the task. This suggests that caffeine can help sustain attention and mental energy for longer periods, making it a useful tool for activities that require prolonged focus. These results support the idea that caffeine can be an effective cognitive enhancer for improving attention and reducing mind-wandering.
RecommendationThe findings of this study have significant implications for individuals who use or consider using cognitive enhancement supplements. For those who regularly consume caffeinated products or are considering adding caffeine to their routine, this study provides robust evidence of its benefits for improving attention and reducing distractions. Caffeine can be particularly useful for students, professionals, and others who need to maintain high levels of focus during demanding tasks.
Overall, this study highlights the potential of caffeine as a powerful tool for improving cognitive performance. By enhancing focus, reducing mind-wandering, and sustaining mental energy, caffeine can help individuals achieve their academic, professional, and personal goals more effectively. As always, it is important to consider individual tolerance and consult with a healthcare provider before making significant changes to one's supplement routine.
Thrivous SurgeThrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of caffeine, with complementary nutrients that further enhance cognition and reduce the side effects of caffeine. As implied by this study, Surge may help to enhance sustained focused attention. Surge Acute Nootropic is available to purchase online now through the Thrivous store.
Cognitive decline is a natural part of aging. And many individuals seek ways to support and improve their cognitive performance as they age. Recent studies have explored various treatments to enhance cognitive performance. One such study evaluates the effects of Bacopa, a traditional herbal supplement, on cognitive performance and sleep quality.
Bacopa, also known as Brahmi, is renowned for its potential cognitive benefits. It has been used in traditional medicine to enhance memory and promote brain health. The study mentioned investigates its efficacy through a rigorous clinical trial. Researchers sought to determine if Bacopa could be beneficial for improving cognitive performance and sleep quality.
The importance of this study lies in its potential to offer a natural remedy for cognitive support, which is increasingly relevant with an aging population. While there are no definitive solutions for age-related cognitive decline, the findings could have noteworthy implications. This clinical trial provides new insights into the possible cognitive benefits of Bacopa and its role in supporting brain function.
Study DesignThis clinical study was a triple-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. It involved 62 participants. The subjects were divided into two groups: an intervention group receiving 160 mg of Bacopa extract daily and a control group receiving a placebo. The trial spanned over two months, with assessments conducted at the start, after one month, and at the end of the study.
The assessment tools used in the study included the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index. These tools measured various aspects of cognitive function and sleep quality. The collected data provided comprehensive insights into the effects of Bacopa on the participants. The randomization and blinding ensured that the study results were unbiased and reliable.
Participants' baseline characteristics, such as age, marital status, educational background, and lifestyle, were similar across both groups. This comparability was crucial for isolating the effects of Bacopa from other variables. The study design thus aimed to provide a clear picture of the herb's impact on cognitive performance and sleep quality in individuals experiencing cognitive changes.
Study ResultsThe study results indicated varied effects of Bacopa monnieri on cognitive performance. There was no significant improvement in the overall cognitive performance score across both groups at the three assessment points. However, specific cognitive domains, such as attention and verbal fluency, showed significant improvements in the intervention group compared to the control group by the end of the study.
In the domain of attention, significant improvements were noted at the end of the first and second months of the intervention. Similarly, verbal fluency showed significant enhancement by the end of the trial. Despite these positive changes, the overall cognitive performance score did not exhibit significant improvement at all time points, underlining the selective effects of Bacopa.
Regarding sleep quality, the study found no statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups. Bacopa did not show a significant effect on improving the overall sleep quality scores. These findings suggest that while Bacopa may enhance certain cognitive functions, its impact on sleep quality remains inconclusive.
RecommendationThe findings of this study suggest that Bacopa can be an effective supplement for improving specific cognitive functions such as attention and verbal fluency. Healthy individuals may consider incorporating Bacopa to potentially enhance these cognitive domains. However, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen.
Moreover, Bacopa's lack of significant impact on overall cognitive performance and sleep quality should be considered when setting expectations. While it may help with specific cognitive tasks, users should not anticipate broad cognitive enhancements or improved sleep quality based solely on this supplement. Combining Bacopa with other nootropics available through Thrivous might provide a more comprehensive cognitive support strategy.
Finally, this study underscores the importance of continued research into Bacopa and other herbal supplements. As the pursuit of cognitive performance and longevity advances, integrating evidence-based supplements from Thrivous can contribute to achieving better brain health and overall well-being. Always stay informed and choose supplements based on robust scientific evidence.
Thrivous ClarityThrivous develops Clarity Daily Nootropic to enhance memory and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Bacopa, as well as complementary ingredients. As implied by this study, the Bacopa in Clarity may enhance specific cognitive tasks, complementing the nootropic effects of other ingredients such as Rhodiola. Clarity is available to purchase online now from the Thrivous store.
A recent groundbreaking clinical study, focused on the effects of selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplements, has sparked interest within the scientific community. This study, titled "Selenoprotein P increases upon selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplementation and is associated with telomere length, quality of life and reduced inflammation and mortality," investigates how these supplements can impact our health and longevity.
The primary focus of this study is on Selenoprotein P (SELENOP), a protein that transports selenium to various tissues and serves as a biomarker of selenium status. Low selenium intake, often due to poor soil content, can decrease quality of life during normal aging. Consequently, enhancing selenium levels in the body through supplements like selenium and coenzyme Q10 can potentially enhance healthy aging. The study explores SELENOP's relationship with various health markers including inflammation, telomere length, quality of life, and mortality.
Study DesignThe study was a randomized controlled trial involving 403 elderly participants living in communities with low selenium levels. These individuals were divided into two groups: one group received daily supplements of selenium (200 mcg) and coenzyme Q10 (200 mg), while the other group received a placebo. The participants were monitored over a period of four years to assess the long-term effects of the supplements.
Researchers measured the serum levels of SELENOP at the start of the study and after the four-year intervention period. They used various advanced statistical methods such as T-tests, ANCOVA analyses, and Kaplan-Meier graphs to evaluate the data. The study also investigated the associations between SELENOP levels and biomarkers of inflammation, telomere length, quality of life, and overall mortality.
Furthermore, the study aimed to identify the serum selenium concentration required to achieve saturation levels of SELENOP and GPx3, another important selenium-dependent enzyme. By doing so, researchers hoped to establish a comprehensive understanding of how selenium supplementation can enhance selenium transport and enhance health.
Study ResultsThe results of the study indicated a significant inverse relationship between initial SELENOP levels and biomarkers of inflammation. Participants with low SELENOP levels at the beginning of the study exhibited higher inflammation markers. Conversely, those with higher SELENOP levels had lower inflammation and better overall health.
At the four-year follow-up, the study found that participants with higher levels of SELENOP experienced longer telomere lengths, which are indicative of slower cellular aging. Additionally, these individuals reported better quality of life and had lower mortality rates compared to those with lower SELENOP levels. These findings suggest that SELENOP is a crucial factor in promoting healthly longevity.
The study also demonstrated that supplements with selenium and coenzyme Q10 effectively increased serum SELENOP levels. This increase in SELENOP was associated with improved selenium bioavailability in the body, ultimately translating into positive health benefits. Notably, the study identified specific serum selenium concentrations required to achieve the desired SELENOP and GPx3 saturation levels, providing valuable guidance for future supplement strategies.
Thrivous VitalityBased on the findings of this study, it is recommended that individuals consider incorporating selenium and coenzyme Q10 supplements into their daily regimen. These supplements have shown to significantly improve SELENOP levels, which in turn can reduce inflammation, slow down cellular aging, and enhance overall quality of life. For users of Thrivous supplements, this study validates the benefits of including selenium and coenzyme Q10 in their health and wellness routines.
Thrivous develops Vitality Geroprotector to enhance metabolic and cellular function for better aging. Each serving of Vitality provides a clinical dose of selenium and coenzyme Q10. As implied by this study, long-term use of Vitality may help to enhance several biomarkers related to healthy aging. Vitality Geroprotector is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Omega 3 supplements are well-known for their numerous health benefits, including reducing inflammation and improving heart health. Recently, a clinical study investigated their impact on delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS) after high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in overweight or obese males. The study found that omega 3 supplements could help reduce muscle soreness and speed up muscle recovery.
The study was conducted by researchers at the Faculty of Sports Science and the Department of Food Science and Technology at Kasetsart University. They focused on untrained males with a sedentary lifestyle to see how omega 3 could benefit this group after intense exercise. DOMS is a common issue for people who are new to exercising, making it difficult to stick to a workout routine. This study aimed to find a solution to that problem by using omega 3 supplements.
Participants in the study were overweight or obese males, aged between 18 and 40 years old. They were divided into two groups: one received omega 3 supplements, and the other received a placebo. The participants were observed for four weeks, during which they followed a HIIT cycling routine to induce muscle soreness.
Study DesignThe research was a double-blinded, randomized study involving twenty-four males. These participants were assigned either omega 3 supplements or a placebo for four weeks. Each participant received eight capsules per day, which included 4 grams of fish oil containing 2000 mg of EPA and 800 mg of DHA. The placebo group received capsules containing soybean oil, which looked and tasted similar to the omega 3 capsules.
During the final week of supplementation, participants performed a HIIT cycling routine designed to induce muscle soreness. The HIIT session consisted of 8-second high-intensity cycling followed by 12-second recovery periods for 20 minutes. Heart rates were monitored to ensure each participant maintained 80-90% of their peak heart rate during the high-intensity intervals.
Blood samples were collected before HIIT and at various intervals (immediately, 24 hours, and 48 hours) post-exercise to measure markers of muscle damage and inflammation. Delayed onset muscle soreness was evaluated using a numeric pain rating scale, and muscle strength was assessed through leg press tests.
Study ResultsThe results were promising for the omega 3 group. After four weeks of supplements, the omega 3 index in the participants significantly increased, improving their overall fatty acid profile. This change was not seen in the placebo group. After the HIIT session, plasma creatine kinase (CK) levels, a marker of muscle damage, were significantly lower in the omega 3 group compared to the placebo group.
Participants in the omega 3 group also reported lower pain scores in their calves 24 hours after the HIIT session. Additionally, they regained muscle strength faster than the placebo group, indicating quicker muscle recovery. These results suggest that omega 3 supplements can reduce the severity of muscle soreness and accelerate muscle repair after intense exercise.
Interestingly, the study found no significant changes in C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation, in either group. This suggests that omega 3 may reduce muscle soreness primarily through mechanisms other than lowering CRP levels. The omega 3 group's white blood cell count also did not increase after HIIT, unlike the placebo group, indicating a potential reduction in exercise-induced inflammation.
RecommendationFor individuals interested in incorporating HIIT into their fitness routine, omega 3 supplements could offer significant benefits. These supplements can reduce muscle soreness and expedite muscle recovery, making it easier to maintain a consistent workout schedule. Thrivous supplements, which include omega 3, may be particularly beneficial for people new to intense exercise or looking to reduce post-exercise discomfort.
As the study focused on overweight or obese males, the findings may be especially relevant for individuals in these categories. Omega 3 supplementation can support their fitness goals by minimizing the negative effects of DOMS, thereby enhancing the overall exercise experience and adherence to a fitness plan.
Overall, including omega 3 supplements in a balanced diet could be a practical approach to improving exercise recovery. For those considering adding these supplements to their routine, consulting a healthcare provider is always recommended to ensure it aligns with individual health needs and conditions.
Thrivous OmegaThrivous develops Omega Cardioprotector to enhance heart function and circulation for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of omega 3 lysine complex, which is 5 times more bioavailable than the omega 3 in common fish oil. As implied by this study, Omega may help to improve exercise recovery and fitness results. Omega Cardioprotector is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Garlic extract is known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Researchers wanted to explore if these properties could improve exercise recovery. In a recent study, scientists investigated the effects of post-exercise garlic extract on muscle recovery and mitochondrial biosynthesis. The findings are detailed in the study titled, "Oral post-exercise garlic extract supplementation enhances glycogen replenishment but does not up-regulate mitochondria biogenesis mRNA expression in human-exercised skeletal muscle."
The study was conducted by a team from various universities, including National Taichung University of Education and California State University. They aimed to understand how garlic extract affects muscle glycogen levels and mRNA expression related to mitochondrial biogenesis post-exercise. The study's design and results provide insightful data for those interested in sports nutrition and supplementation.
Understanding the potential benefits of garlic extract can help athletes and fitness enthusiasts make informed decisions. This study adds to the growing body of research on nutritional supplements and their role in exercise recovery and performance enhancement.
Study DesignThe study involved twelve physically active male university students. These participants were randomly assigned to either a garlic extract (GA) or placebo group. They completed a single bout of cycling at 75% of their maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) for 60 minutes, followed by the consumption of either the GA or placebo with a high glycemic index carbohydrate meal.
The crossover design ensured each participant experienced both the GA and placebo conditions, with a 7-day washout period between trials. Muscle samples were taken immediately after exercise and 3 hours post-exercise. These samples were analyzed for glycogen levels, GLUT4 protein expression, and gene expression related to glucose uptake and mitochondrial biosynthesis.
Blood and gas samples were also collected before, during, and after exercise. This comprehensive data collection allowed researchers to evaluate various physiological parameters, including blood glucose, insulin, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), and respiratory exchange ratios (RER).
Study ResultsThe study found that post-exercise garlic extract supplementation significantly increased muscle glycogen levels compared to the placebo. However, there was no difference in GLUT4 protein expression between the two groups. This suggests that garlic extract enhances glycogen replenishment through mechanisms other than GLUT4 modulation.
Gene expression analysis showed that PGC1-α was upregulated after exercise in both the GA and placebo trials. However, genes related to mitochondrial biogenesis such as SIRT1, ERRα, and NFR1 did not show significant changes with garlic supplementation. TFAM and FIS1 were the exceptions, displaying increased expression post-exercise with GA supplementation.
Interestingly, garlic supplementation resulted in lower blood glucose levels post-exercise compared to the placebo. Despite this, there was no significant change in insulin response, indicating that garlic's effects on glycogen replenishment may not be directly related to insulin sensitivity.
RecommendationFor athletes and fitness enthusiasts, integrating garlic extract into their post-exercise nutrition regime could be beneficial. The study suggests that garlic extract can enhance glycogen replenishment, which is crucial for recovery and performance. However, it does not significantly affect mitochondrial biogenesis mRNA expression.
If you're considering using Thrivous supplements that contain garlic extract, this study supports its potential benefits for muscle recovery. While mitochondrial biogenesis may not be impacted, the increase in muscle glycogen is a positive outcome. This can help you sustain high-intensity exercise and improve overall performance.
Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement regimen, especially if you have underlying health conditions. This study provides promising insights, but individual responses to supplements can vary. Integrating garlic extract with a balanced diet and exercise plan may offer the best results for enhancing recovery and performance.
Thrivous OmegaThrivous develops Omega Cardioprotector to enhance heart function and circulation for better aging. Each serving of Omega provides a clinical dose of garlic, as well as complementary nutrients. As implied by this study, Omega may enhance muscle recovery from exercise. Omega Cardioprotector is available to purchase online now from the Thrivous store.
Understanding the impacts of exercise and dietary supplements on our health is critical, especially for individuals aiming to improve their metabolic health. High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has been widely studied for its many health benefits. In a recent clinical study, researchers explored how variations of HIIT, with or without the use of berberine supplements, affect inflammatory markers and non-coding RNAs in middle-aged men.
Berberine is a naturally occurring compound used in traditional Chinese medicine, known for its anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing properties. The study examined the effects of berberine combined with different intensities of HIIT. Some people have expressed concerns that berberine supplements might diminish the benefits of HIIT. This research is particularly relevant for those who are looking to enhance their health through a combination of exercise and supplementation.
The researchers were also interested in the roles of specific non-coding RNAs, such as H19, in regulating inflammatory responses. These RNAs play a crucial role in metabolic processes, and their expression levels are often altered in various health conditions. The study provides valuable insights into how different exercise protocols and supplementation can influence health markers at a molecular level.
Study DesignThe study involved 54 middle-aged men who were overweight or obese. Participants were randomly assigned to one of six groups: High Compression HIIT (HC), Low Compression HIIT (LC), HC with Berberine (HC + BBR), LC with Berberine (LC + BBR), Berberine alone (BBR), and a non-exercising control group (CON). They followed a structured 8-week training program, with some groups also taking a daily 1000 mg berberine supplement.
HIIT sessions were home-based, following two distinct protocols: HC with a 2:1 work-to-rest ratio and LC with a 1:1 ratio, both working at 80%-95% of maximum heart rate. Each session included 2-4 sets of 8 exercises performed twice a week. Participants in the berberine groups took their supplements twice daily, with breakfast and dinner.
The researchers measured various health markers before and after the intervention, including inflammatory markers (hs-CRP, IL-1β), metabolic indicators (FBG, HOMA-IR), and specific non-coding RNAs (NLRP3, H19). These measurements were taken to assess the combined effects of HIIT and berberine on inflammation and metabolic health.
Study ResultsAll exercise groups, with or without berberine, showed significant improvements in reducing hs-CRP, IL-1β, insulin, FBG, and HOMA-IR compared to the control group. Notably, the LC groups demonstrated a unique reduction in the non-coding RNAs NLRP3 and H19, indicative of more significant anti-inflammatory effects compared to the HC groups. This suggests that longer rest periods between exercises might be more beneficial for reducing inflammation.
The addition of berberine did not result in additional reduction of inflammation. However, it provided other significant metabolic health benefits, such as improved insulin sensitivity and reduced fasting blood glucose levels. This suggests that berberine supplements can complement the metabolic health benefits of HIIT.
RecommendationFor healthy individuals using Thrivous supplements, incorporating HIIT into their fitness regimen could significantly enhance their inflammatory and metabolic health. Based on the study results, a low compression HIIT protocol might be more effective in reducing inflammation and improving metabolic markers. This protocol can be easily integrated into a regular workout routine and is efficient in terms of time and effort.
While some concerns have been raised about the potential for berberine supplementation to diminish the benefits of HIIT, this study provides evidence to the contrary. Berberine supplementation not only showed benefits in reducing metabolic health markers but also did so without compromising the positive effects of HIIT. Therefore, individuals might consider using berberine to further enhance their metabolic health while continuing optimized HIIT protocols for managing inflammation. Berberine remains a valuable supplement for those looking to support metabolic health and overall vitality.
Thrivous VitalityThrivous develops Vitality Geroprotector to enhance cell function and metabolism for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of berberine, along with complementary nutrients. As implied by this study, the benefits of Vitality may complement the benefits of high intensity exercise. Vitality Geroprotector is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Basketball players often seek methods to improve their performance on the court. Plyometric Jump Training (PJT) has been identified as a key strategy for enhancing attributes such as explosive power, sprint speed, and jumping ability. A recent clinical study explores the effects of combining different dosages of caffeine with PJT on basketball-related performance and physiological parameters. The study, titled “Examining the impact of differing caffeine dosages in conjunction with plyometric training on physiological adaptations in basketball players,” provides intriguing insights into how caffeine can influence athletic performance.
Caffeine is a well-known supplement used to enhance various aspects of physical performance. It acts as a stimulant, improving neuromuscular, metabolic, and cardiovascular functions. Previous research has shown mixed results regarding the optimal dosage of caffeine for athletic performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of ingesting either 3 mg per kg of body mass or 6 mg per kg of body mass caffeine before PJT on male basketball players. The objective was to determine which dosage leads to superior performance and physiological adaptations.
This study's findings could be highly relevant to athletes and coaches looking to optimize training routines and supplementation strategies. By understanding how different caffeine dosages impact performance, they can better tailor their approach to enhance athletes' abilities on the court.
Study DesignThe study involved 24 male collegiate basketball players who were randomly divided into three groups. Each group followed a 6-week PJT regimen. The first group consumed 3 mg per kg of body mass caffeine (CAF3) before each session, while the second group ingested 6 mg per kg of body mass caffeine (CAF6). A third group received a placebo. The players' performance was evaluated through tests measuring vertical jump, 20-meter sprint, change of direction speed (CODS), and lower body maximal strength. Physiological parameters like aerobic capacity and anaerobic power were also assessed.
All participants maintained their regular basketball practice three days a week alongside the PJT. Supplements were administered one hour before each training session, and the training included depth jumps, squat jumps, and knee tuck jumps. The study was conducted using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the results.
To ensure consistent dietary habits, participants recorded their food intake three days before the initial and final testing sessions. The study controlled for factors such as sleep, alcohol, and caffeine consumption outside of the supplementary intake. Performance tests were conducted on a wooden basketball court, and physiological measurements were taken in a laboratory setting.
Study ResultsBoth the 3 mg and 6 mg caffeine groups showed significant improvements in all tested parameters after six weeks. The CAF6 group exhibited the most substantial gains in vertical jump height, maximal strength, and aerobic capacity. For example, the vertical jump performance improved with an effect size (ES) of 1.45 in the CAF6 group compared to 1.07 in the CAF3 group and 1.1 in the placebo group. The improvements in VO2 max were also higher in the CAF6 group, with an ES of 1.59, compared to 1.09 in the CAF3 group and 0.92 in the placebo group.
Speed and agility, measured by the 20-meter sprint and CODS tests, also improved significantly across all groups. The CAF6 group again showed slightly better results, although the differences were not as pronounced as in the vertical jump and VO2 max. Both caffeine groups improved their 20-meter sprint by around 0.5 to 0.6 seconds. Change of direction speed saw a similar trend with significant improvements in all groups.
Regarding anaerobic power, both caffeine groups demonstrated significant gains. Peak power output (PPO) and average power output (APO) improved more in the CAF6 group with an ES of 1.85 for PPO and 1.39 for APO, compared to the placebo group's 0.82 and 1.07, respectively. These results suggest that higher doses of caffeine could lead to better performance adaptation in anaerobic activities.
RecommendationThe findings suggest that consuming 6 mg per kg of body mass caffeine before plyometric training can lead to superior enhancements in aerobic fitness, anaerobic power, and sport-specific performance in basketball players. This higher dosage of caffeine not only induced greater improvements in performance parameters but also reduced the variability in individual responses, promoting more uniform adaptations among athletes.
For athletes using Thrivous supplements, incorporating a 6 mg per kg caffeine regimen before high-intensity training like PJT could optimize their physical performance. Caffeine's stimulating effects on the central nervous system and muscle fibers enhance the ability to perform high-effort tasks, making it a valuable supplement for boosting training outcomes.
As with any supplementation plan, it is essential to consult with a healthcare provider before starting. This ensures that the supplementation aligns with individual health conditions and overall goals. By doing so, athletes can safely and effectively utilize caffeine to enhance their training and performance.
Thrivous SurgeThrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of caffeine, as well as complementary nutrients. As implied by this study, Surge may help to enhance performance during high intensity training and similar tasks. Surge Acute Nootropic is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Ashwagandha, scientifically known as Withania somnifera, is a plant often used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine. It has been renowned for its adaptogenic properties, which help the body manage stress. Recent studies have been exploring its potential benefits on cognitive function and mood, especially among healthy individuals. One such study is titled "Acute and Repeated Ashwagandha Supplementation Improves Markers of Cognitive Function and Mood."
The research aimed to evaluate the impact of ashwagandha supplements on various cognitive and mood parameters. Previous research highlighted ashwagandha's antioxidant properties and its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier, suggesting potential nootropic effects. This study specifically targeted healthy young men and women to see if the supplement could boost their cognitive performance and improve mood markers.
This study is significant as it extends the potential applications of ashwagandha beyond stress management to cognitive enhancements in healthy individuals. Here, we summarize the study design, results, and recommendations based on the findings.
Study DesignThis study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted at a university clinical research facility. The participants were 59 healthy men and women aged 22.7 years on average. Subjects were divided into two groups: one receiving 225 mg of ashwagandha daily and the other receiving a placebo.
The trial was conducted in two phases. First, participants ingested the supplement and were tested for cognitive function after 60 minutes. Then, for 30 days, they continued daily supplementation and repeated the testing. Cognitive tasks included Word Recall, Choice Reaction Time, Picture Recognition, and many others. Mood states were also evaluated using the Profile of Mood States (POMS) questionnaire.
The study measured several primary outcomes, including memory, attention, and executive functions, as well as secondary outcomes like mood state changes and health markers. Blood samples were taken to ensure the safety of the supplement.
Study ResultsThe results indicated significant improvements in cognitive functions among participants who consumed ashwagandha. Participants showed enhanced Word Recall, better Choice Reaction Time, and improved Picture Recognition. Improvements were also seen in the Stroop Color-Word test, where participants performed better in recognizing congruent and incongruent color words.
In terms of mood, ashwagandha supplements led to a notable reduction in tension and fatigue scores on the POMS questionnaire. This aligns with previous findings linking ashwagandha to reduced stress levels. No significant adverse effects were reported, indicating that ashwagandha is well-tolerated among healthy individuals.
Furthermore, blood tests revealed minor but favorable changes in health markers, affirming the safety of daily ashwagandha ingestion. These results collectively support ashwagandha's efficacy in enhancing cognitive functions and improving mood among healthy people.
RecommendationBased on this study's findings, ashwagandha appears to be a promising supplement for enhancing cognitive function and mood in healthy individuals. Thrivous customers looking to boost their mental performance and mood may consider integrating ashwagandha into their wellness regimen. Given its adaptogenic properties, ashwagandha may help manage stress and enhance overall cognitive health.
It is important, however, to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new supplement, especially for those with underlying health conditions or those taking other medications. While the study has shown positive results, individual responses to supplements can vary.
For those interested in cognitive supplements, combining ashwagandha with other nootropic products offered by Thrivous could yield synergistic benefits. Continuous research and user feedback will further refine the understanding of ashwagandha's role in human enhancement and overall well-being.
Thrivous SerenityThrivous develops Serenity Nightly Nootropic to enhance relaxation, sleep, and next-day focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of ashwagandha, as well as complementary nutrients. As implied by this study, regular use of Serenity may enhance cognition, in addition to promoting relaxation. Serenity Nightly Nootropic is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
In recent times, the integration of unique performance-enhancing strategies has gained traction among athletes. One such method combines the use of warm-up music and low-dose caffeine, particularly in the field of taekwondo. To understand how this combination impacts athletic performance, a clinical study titled "Warm-up music and low-dose caffeine enhance the activity profile and psychophysiological responses during simulated combat in female taekwondo athletes" was conducted. The study aimed to explore the effects of these ergogenic aids on the psychophysiological activity of female taekwondo athletes.
Warm-up music has been acknowledged for its ability to improve mood and motivation among athletes. It is believed to create a positive emotional state, which could be beneficial for performance. Meanwhile, caffeine is a well-known stimulant that can enhance alertness and reduce the perception of effort during physical tasks. This study aims to explore how the combination of these two factors might synergistically enhance performance in female athletes.
The research contributes to a relatively under-explored area, as most studies on caffeine and music as ergogenic aids focus predominantly on male athletes. This study could help in developing tailored strategies for female athletes to optimize their performance in competitive environments.
Study DesignThe study utilized a double-blinded, randomized, crossover design involving 16 elite female taekwondo athletes. Each athlete participated in simulated combat scenarios under one control and five experimental conditions. The experimental conditions included caffeine alone, placebo alone, caffeine with music, placebo with music, and music alone.
Participants ingested either caffeine (3 mg/kg) or a placebo in a double-blind manner. Following this, athletes completed an 8-minute warm-up with or without their self-selected music. The tempo of the music ranged from 124 to 168 beats per minute. The order of the test conditions was counterbalanced and randomized across participants to minimize order effects.
Psychophysiological variables measured included heart rate, perceived exertion, physical activity enjoyment, and felt arousal. The time-motion and technical-tactical aspects of combat were analyzed using video recordings. Heart rate monitors provided data on mean and peak heart rates during the simulated matches.
Study ResultsThe results indicated that the combination of caffeine and music (CAF + M) significantly enhanced the athletes' performance in comparison to other conditions. Specifically, CAF + M led to shorter skip and pause times and increased attack times. There was a notable increase in the number of single attacks, combined attacks, and counter-attacks compared to other conditions.
Additionally, the CAF + M condition resulted in lower mean and peak heart rate values. This suggested that the athletes could maintain higher intensity actions with improved recovery periods between efforts. Post-combat measures showed higher values of felt arousal, physical activity enjoyment, and positive feelings under the CAF + M condition, with a lower rating of perceived exertion compared to other conditions.
The findings highlight the potential of a combined music and caffeine strategy to improve both the physical and psychological aspects of performance. This combination appeared to increase combat intensity and enhance the athletes' overall psychological state during the fights.
RecommendationBased on these findings, integrating warm-up music and low-dose caffeine could be beneficial for athletes using Thrivous supplements. The enhanced performance observed in taekwondo athletes suggests similar potential benefits in other sports requiring high intensity and quick recovery. Athletes could personalize their warm-up music choices to maximize psychological and physiological benefits.
Thrivous supplements that contain caffeine might be especially helpful when combined with motivational music before competitive events. This strategy not only augments physical performance but also positively impacts mental readiness and enjoyment. Such a ritual could become an essential part of athletes' pre-competition routines.
It is crucial for athletes to consult with their coaches and nutritionists to identify optimal caffeine dosages and suitable warm-up music. The synergistic effects observed in this study underline the importance of personalized and scientifically-backed pre-conditioning strategies for enhanced athletic performance.
Thrivous SurgeThrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of caffeine, as well as complementary nutrients that further enhance energy while mitigating the side effects of caffeine. As implied by this study, Surge may help to enhance performance during high intensity physical activities, particularly when combined with music. Surge Acute Nootropic is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
The ergogenic benefits of caffeine on physical performance have been widely researched, revealing notable enhancements in muscular strength, power, and endurance. Most studies, however, predominantly include male participants, leaving a gap in understanding how caffeine affects female athletes. Addressing this gap, a recent clinical study titled "Sex Differences in the Ergogenic Response of Acute Caffeine Intake on Muscular Strength, Power and Endurance Performance in Resistance-Trained Individuals" aims to explore these differences.
Since males and females exhibit distinct differences in muscular strength and power due to physiological variances, it's essential to investigate if these differences extend to their response to caffeine. This study examines how acute caffeine intake impacts both sexes in terms of muscular strength, power, and endurance during resistance training. By understanding these distinctions, we can better tailor performance-enhancing strategies based on an individual's sex.
The study's outcomes possess significant implications for athletes and fitness enthusiasts seeking to optimize their performance. As caffeine remains a popular ergogenic aid, these findings could guide more personalized supplementation protocols that consider sex-specific responses, ultimately enhancing overall training efficacy.
Study DesignThe study was conducted on 76 resistance-trained individuals, comprising an equal number of male and female participants. These participants were randomly assigned to receive either 3 mg/kg of caffeine or a placebo one hour before undergoing a series of tests. These tests evaluated their muscular strength, power, and endurance using bench press and back squat exercises at various intensities, ranging from 25% to 90% of their one-repetition maximum (1RM).
In a triple-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, participants attended the laboratory on three separate occasions. The first visit was for dietary and physical activity assessments, as well as familiarization with the exercise protocol. During the second and third visits, each participant received either caffeine or a placebo in a random order, ensuring a washout period of at least 72 hours between trials to avoid carryover effects.
The experimental protocol was carefully structured to maintain consistency. Supplementation was administered 60 minutes before exercise, and performance was measured through a standardized set of tests. These tests included maximal strength evaluations, muscular power assessments, and endurance tests at 65% 1RM to task failure, ensuring a comprehensive assessment of caffeine's ergogenic effects across different exercise modalities.
Study ResultsThe study found that acute caffeine intake significantly improved muscular strength, power, and endurance performance in both male and female participants. Notably, caffeine increased mean and peak velocity and power output in the back squat exercise at 50%, 75%, and 90% 1RM for both sexes. This enhancement ranged from 2.5% to 8.5% compared to the placebo, with similar effects observed in the bench press exercise at lower intensities.
For muscular endurance, caffeine increased the number of repetitions performed until task failure, along with mean velocity and power output during bench press and back squat exercises. These improvements were statistically significant and consistent across both sexes, demonstrating caffeine’s robust ergogenic effect on endurance performance.
Interestingly, the study found no significant interactions between sex and caffeine's effects, suggesting that both males and females respond similarly to caffeine supplementation during resistance training. This uniform response highlights the potential of caffeine to broadly enhance performance irrespective of sex, provided that individualized dosing is maintained.
RecommendationThe findings from this study suggest that both male and female resistance-trained individuals can benefit from acute caffeine intake to enhance their muscular strength, power, and endurance performance. For athletes and fitness enthusiasts using Thrivous supplements, incorporating caffeine could provide a significant boost in workout efficacy, especially during high-intensity or endurance-focused sessions.
Caffeine's ergogenic effects appear consistent regardless of sex, which means that individuals can potentially capitalize on its performance-enhancing properties by integrating it into their pre-workout routines. Dosages should be personalized, aligning with the 3 mg/kg body weight used in the study, to optimize outcomes without exceeding safe intake levels.
As always, individuals should consult with a healthcare professional before introducing new supplements into their regimen. Understanding personal tolerance and any underlying health conditions is crucial to safely and effectively harnessing the benefits of caffeine. By doing so, users can maximize their performance while adhering to safe supplementation practices.
Thrivous SurgeThrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving of Surge provides a clinical dose of caffeine, as well as complementary nutrients to mitigate any side effects from caffeine. As implied by this study, Surge may enhance strength, power, and endurance for both men and women. Surge Acute Nootropic is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Thrivous is committed to enhancing human health and performance through superior supplements. Quality control is a cornerstone of our mission, ensuring that every product we offer meets the highest standards of efficacy and safety. In a market saturated with poor quality supplements, Thrivous stands out as a brand you can trust. This article outlines the rigorous quality control measures that set Thrivous apart from most other supplement manufacturers.
Thrivous Quality Control ProcessThrivous begins its quality control process with the careful selection of suppliers. We only work with suppliers who have proven track records and provide necessary certifications. Unlike many vendors who cut corners, we prioritize quality over cost. This commitment ensures that only the best raw materials are used in our products.
Unfortunately, it’s common in the supplement industry for suppliers to misrepresent the identity, potency, or safety of their materials. Suppliers may provide inaccurate test results, leading to ineffective or unsafe products. At Thrivous, we verify our suppliers' claims through rigorous testing protocols. This additional layer of scrutiny helps us eliminate any risk associated with supplier misinformation.
Thrivous goes beyond initial supplier testing by employing a multi-step verification process. This includes multiple rounds of independent third-party testing. Our contracted labs test each ingredient individually and in combination for various parameters including purity, potency, and safety. Thrivous places a special emphasis on using ISO-certified third-party laboratories to confirm the quality of each ingredient and their combinations.
ISO certification for laboratories is crucial for ensuring unbiased and reliable test results. These labs are held to the highest standards, ensuring the accuracy and validity of their findings. ISO-certified third-party labs help confirm the purity, potency, and safety of our ingredients. This rigorous verification process guarantees that our customers get exactly what they pay for — high-quality, effective supplements.
Transparency is at the heart of Thrivous' operations. We publish all test results from both our suppliers and third-party labs, so customers can see the rigorous testing their products have undergone. Regular audits and continuous monitoring are part of our commitment to quality. This openness not only builds trust but also allows consumers to make informed decisions about their health.
Thrivous manufacturing is certified for Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) throughout the production process. From raw material to the finished product, each stage is carefully monitored. This adherence ensures that our products consistently meet high-quality standards. Quality control measures are integrated at every step to ensure product efficacy and safety.
Why Thrivous is BetterThe supplement industry is rife with manufacturers who neglect stringent verification processes. Many do not verify the test results provided by their suppliers, leading to products that may be ineffective or unsafe. This lack of verification and accountability poses a significant risk to consumers. Thrivous addresses this issue through comprehensive quality control measures that many competitors do not implement.
Thrivous surpasses industry standards with thorough verification and testing protocols. We place high importance on ISO-certified third-party testing, which is not commonly practiced industry-wide. This focus on stringent testing impacts product consistency, efficacy, and safety. By exceeding standard practices, Thrivous ensures that our customers receive the highest quality supplements available.
Since Thrivous was founded in 2016, our quality control has repeatedly identified dishonest suppliers and low quality materials. We no longer do business with the dishonest suppliers, and we exclude low quality materials from our supplements. Many other vendors aren't dependably doing this for you, and the few who do generally don't provide sufficient evidence. At Thrivous, our rigorous and transparent quality control is reflected in glowing customer reviews that emphasize the reliability and effectiveness of our supplements.
ConclusionQuality control is vital in the supplement industry, directly impacting the efficacy and safety of products. Thrivous’ superior quality control measures set us apart from most other vendors. Our commitment to verification, transparency, and stringent testing ensures that our supplements are of the highest quality. Choose Thrivous for supplements that you can trust to be verified, safe, and effective.
We invite you to visit the Thrivous store online to learn more about our quality control process. Detailed test results from suppliers and third-party labs for each product batch are available for your review on each supplement webpage, including the full Thrivous Stack. Choose Thrivous for your supplement needs and trust in our commitment to quality and transparency.
Vitamin D is not just essential for bone health; it may also play a critical role in metabolic functions. A recent clinical study of the effects of vitamin D3 on the metabolism of humans and mice suggests significant benefits of vitamin D3 for overall metabolic health. Understanding this study could help individuals take proactive steps in managing their glucose levels and supporting overall metabolic function.
Maintaining healthy blood glucose levels is crucial for overall well-being. This study investigated the impact of vitamin D3 supplementation on glucose metabolism in both humans and mice. The intention was to determine whether vitamin D3 could improve metabolic markers.
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with various health issues, including metabolic conditions. Previous studies have provided conflicting results on the benefits of vitamin D supplementation for metabolic health. This study aims to clarify these potential benefits by conducting a robust and systematic investigation involving human participants and animal models.
Study DesignThe study was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial that included 122 participants. Participants were randomly assigned to either a vitamin D3 group or a placebo group. Each participant in the vitamin D group received 1600 IU of vitamin D3 daily, while the placebo group received an inert substance. The study lasted for 16 weeks, during which various metabolic markers were monitored.
In addition to the human trial, the study also included an experiment on mice. These mice were fed a high-fat diet and were then administered vitamin D3 for 16 weeks. The researchers measured glucose and lipid metabolism in these mice. Exercise capacity and muscle pathology were also evaluated to understand the broader impacts of vitamin D3.
The design aimed to capture a holistic view of how vitamin D3 affects metabolic pathways. Various statistical methods were employed to analyze the data, including ANCOVA for human trials and ANOVA for the animal study. The results were thus expected to be robust and reliable, providing a comprehensive overview of vitamin D3's effects on glucose metabolism.
Study ResultsThe study found that vitamin D3 supplementation significantly improved glucose metabolism in human participants. This was accompanied by a notable decrease in certain metabolic markers, particularly those associated with the TLR4/NFκB pathway. Participants in the vitamin D3 group showed better glucose metabolism than those in the placebo group. These results suggest that vitamin D3 can be beneficial for supporting healthy blood sugar levels.
In the animal study, the mice that received vitamin D3 supplementation exhibited improved glycolipid metabolism. There was a significant reduction in specific indicators, and the mice showed enhanced exercise capacity. The pathological examination of skeletal muscle revealed fewer abnormalities compared to the placebo group. These findings were consistent with the results observed in human participants.
Mechanistically, the study found that vitamin D3 influences the TLR4/NFκB signaling pathway. Additionally, it activates the PI3K/AKT pathway, which plays a role in glucose homeostasis. These dual actions of modulating certain pathways and improving glucose metabolism create a compelling case for the benefits of vitamin D3 supplementation in maintaining healthy glucose levels.
RecommendationFor individuals using Thrivous supplements, vitamin D3 could be a powerful addition to their regimen. As the study suggests, vitamin D3 supplementation can help improve glucose metabolism and influence certain metabolic markers, which are essential for maintaining healthy blood sugar levels. Including vitamin D3 in daily supplementation could thus be a practical step towards better metabolic health.
It might be beneficial to consult a healthcare provider to check vitamin D levels before starting any new supplement. This can ensure that you are not deficient and help tailor the dosage to your specific needs. Many Thrivous products already include essential vitamins and minerals that support overall health.
Overall, this study provides strong evidence that vitamin D3 is not just beneficial for bone health but also plays a significant role in managing glucose levels. For those looking to optimize their health, incorporating vitamin D3 into their routine may offer substantial benefits.
Thrivous TenacityThrivous develops Tenacity Arthroprotector to enhance joint and bone functions for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of vitamin D, along with complementary nutrients. As implied by this study, Tenacity may also enhance metabolic function and help support healthy blood sugar. Tenacity Arthroprotector is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Gut microbiota, the community of microorganisms living in our intestines, play a vital role in our overall health. Recent research has focused on understanding the relationship between gut microbiota and cognitive functioning, especially in the aging population. One such study is "The Interplay between Gut Microbiota and Cognitive Functioning in the Healthy Aging Population: A Systematic Review." It explores how changes in gut microbiota composition correlate with cognitive functions in healthy older adults.
The gut-brain axis is a communication network that links the gut and brain, influencing many bodily functions, including cognition. As we age, the composition of our gut microbiota changes, typically showing a decrease in beneficial bacteria and an increase in pro-inflammatory microbes. This shift is believed to affect our cognitive status, although most research has so far focused on individuals with cognitive impairments.
This systematic review aims to bridge the research gap by investigating how gut microbiota composition relates to cognitive functioning in cognitively healthy older adults. The findings could provide insights into potential biomarkers for earlier detection of neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's.
Study DesignThe study conducted a comprehensive literature search across several databases, including PubMed and Scopus. Researchers looked specifically for studies that explored the relationship between gut microbiota composition and cognitive functioning in healthy older adults. They set strict inclusion criteria, focusing on peer-reviewed studies involving cognitively and medically healthy participants aged 45 and older.
From an initial pool of 1752 articles, six eligible studies were identified and included in the systematic review. These studies were categorized based on their focus, either on the taxonomic composition of gut microbiota or on the alpha diversity, which measures the variety of organisms within a sample. Different methods were used for cognitive assessment, including neuropsychological tests and electroencephalography (EEG).
To ensure the reliability of their findings, the researchers performed a risk of bias assessment for each included study. This assessment used the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist, a well-recognized tool for evaluating the quality of cross-sectional studies. Studies that met the quality standards were included in the review.
Study ResultsThe review found varying results regarding the abundance of specific bacterial taxa and their cognitive associations. For example, a higher presence of Verrucomicrobia was linked to better verbal memory and cognitive flexibility. Conversely, an increase in the Firmicutes phylum was associated with better immediate and delayed recall. These findings illustrate the complex and nuanced relationships between specific microbial taxa and cognitive functions.
In terms of alpha diversity, two studies indicated that a higher gut microbiome diversity was linked to better performance in tasks like paired-associate learning and spatial working memory. However, one study found no significant associations between alpha diversity and cognitive functions, highlighting the need for more research to draw definitive conclusions.
Several electrophysiological measures also demonstrated significant associations with microbiome diversity. For instance, individuals with higher alpha diversity showed better attentional function, as measured by specific EEG components. These findings suggest that gut microbiome diversity may play a role in maintaining cognitive health in older adults.
RecommendationThe findings from this review suggest that maintaining a diverse gut microbiota could be beneficial for cognitive health as we age. Healthy individuals might consider dietary and lifestyle changes that promote gut microbial diversity, such as consuming a diet rich in fiber and fermented foods. Regular physical activity and stress management can also positively influence gut health.
Although the study primarily focuses on healthy aging populations, the potential use of gut microbiota composition as early biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases like Alzheimer's is promising. Early detection can lead to timely interventions, possibly delaying or preventing the onset of cognitive impairments.
Further research is needed to explore the precise mechanisms linking gut microbiota and cognitive functions. Longitudinal studies could help establish causation and identify specific bacterial taxa that serve as reliable biomarkers for cognitive health. Until then, adopting a healthy lifestyle that supports gut health is a practical recommendation for anyone looking to maintain their cognitive functions as they age.
The benefits of Omega 3 fatty acids, commonly found in fish oil, are well-documented for numerous health aspects. Recent studies suggest that Omega 3 supplements can also play a significant role in reducing aggressive behavior. An important meta-analysis titled "Omega-3 supplementation reduces aggressive behavior: A meta-analytic review of randomized controlled trials" provides solid evidence on this topic.
This meta-analysis examined various randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to ascertain the effectiveness of Omega 3 supplementation in mitigating aggression. Aggression is a complex behavior influenced by numerous factors, and the study sheds light on the role of Omega 3 in possibly reducing it. Such findings could have impactful implications for general health and social well-being.
Omega 3 supplementation is a relatively simple and cost-effective intervention compared to other behavior modification methods. Given the growing concern over aggressive behaviors in both youthful and adult populations, understanding these findings could be pivotal for both clinical and everyday applications.
Study DesignThe meta-analysis was conducted by evaluating 29 randomized controlled trials with a focus on aggression. These trials produced 35 independent samples, involving a total of 3918 participants. The design of these studies varied significantly; some included children while others focused on adults, thus providing a comprehensive look at different demographics.
Inclusion criteria for the study were strict, ensuring that only those trials that directly measured aggression and utilized Omega 3 supplements were considered. Factors such as the duration of Omega 3 supplementation and dosage were also taken into account. Additionally, the study aimed to address limitations found in earlier analyses.
Three different analytical approaches were employed: one focusing on independent samples, another on independent studies, and a third on independent laboratories. This multi-faceted approach helped ensure that the results were reliable and not overly influenced by any single source. Each study's aggressive behavior outcomes were meticulously averaged to maintain statistical independence.
Study ResultsThe results were promising, showing an overall modest but significant reduction in aggressive behavior due to Omega 3 supplementation. Effect sizes across different units of analysis ranged from 0.16 to 0.28, with an average effect size of 0.22. This suggests that Omega 3 supplements indeed have a beneficial impact on reducing aggression.
Interestingly, the study found that Omega 3 supplementation was effective across various forms of aggression, including reactive and proactive aggression. This broad spectrum of efficacy underscores the versatility of Omega 3 as an intervention strategy. The impact was consistent across different demographics, including age and gender.
Moreover, there was no significant evidence of publication bias, and the benefits of Omega 3 were observed regardless of the initial nutritional status of the participants. The study's sensitivity analyses further confirmed these findings, indicating robust and reliable results. These outcomes support the hypothesis that Omega 3 supplements are a viable strategy for aggression reduction.
Thrivous OmegaThrivous develops Omega Cardioprotector to enhance heart function and circulation for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Omega 3 in the form of a lysine complex that is 5 times more bioavailable than the Omega 3 in common fish oil. Thus, as implied by this study, Omega may help to reduce aggressive behavior. Omega Cardioprotector is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Understanding the effects of natural supplements like Panax Ginseng on athletic performance can be quite fascinating. Recent studies suggest that Ginseng, a well-regarded herbal supplement, may have significant health benefits, including improving physical endurance and metabolic efficiency during exercise. This article discusses a clinical study conducted to explore how short-term supplementation of Panax Ginseng affects male recreational athletes, providing insights into its potential benefits in sports and fitness realms.
The study under discussion was published in a renowned scientific journal. In the study, researchers focused on the effects of Ginseng on fasting blood triacylglycerides and oxygen consumption during sub-maximal aerobic exercise. The goal was to provide a clearer picture of how Ginseng could be integrated into the dietary regimen of athletes for enhanced performance and better metabolic health.
Study DesignIn the outlined study, researchers implemented a controlled, double-blind methodology, ensuring the reliability and accuracy of the results. Male recreational athletes were randomly assigned to receive either Panax Ginseng extract or a placebo over a short period. The daily dosage and the duration of supplement intake were carefully determined based on prior research to maximize efficacy while minimizing potential side effects. This preparatory work was crucial for assessing the precise impact of Ginseng on physical and metabolic parameters.
Participants engaged in a series of aerobic exercises, including 10 km races and laboratory-controlled endurance tests. These exercises were designed to simulate real-world conditions and standard athletic training regimes respectively, providing a comprehensive overview of Ginseng's effects in varied settings. Prior to the commencement of the supplement regimen, baseline measurements of blood lipid profiles, oxygen consumption, and overall physical performance were recorded.
To ensure the scientific rigor, the study used high-precision instruments for all measurements. Blood samples, oxygen consumption, and performance metrics during and after exercise provided a dataset from which the researchers could draw meaningful conclusions about the efficacy of Ginseng supplementation.
Study ResultsThe results from the study indicated that short-term supplementation with Panax Ginseng could lead to noticeable improvements in metabolic health and exercise efficiency. Specifically, athletes who received Ginseng showed a significant reduction in fasting blood triacylglycerides levels. Additionally, there was a notable decrease in oxygen consumption during exercise, suggesting an improvement in aerobic efficiency and endurance.
Furthermore, there were no significant adverse effects reported, highlighting the potential of Ginseng as a safe supplement for enhancing athletic performance. These findings are particularly important as they suggest that Ginseng could help athletes perform at their best while also supporting broader aspects of health, such as cardiovascular function and energy metabolism.
It's also worth noting that the study carefully monitored the placebo group, which did not show similar improvements, thus reinforcing the beneficial effects attributed to Ginseng. This comparative analysis helps underline the specific impact of Ginseng, as opposed to potential placebo effects.
RecommendationBased on the study findings, there is a compelling case for considering Panax Ginseng supplements as part of a holistic approach to fitness and health in recreational athletes. By reducing key markers like fasting blood triacylglycerides and enhancing oxygen efficiency during exercise, Ginseng can significantly contribute to the nutritional strategies employed by athletes aiming to optimize their performance and recovery.
While this study provides valuable insights, athletes interested in incorporating Ginseng into their regimen should consult with healthcare providers to tailor supplements to their specific health profiles and fitness goals. This personalized approach ensures that the supplements provide the maximum possible benefit without interfering with any existing health conditions or ongoing treatments.
For individuals and trainers who focus on endurance sports or activities that require sustained aerobic efforts, integrating Ginseng could be particularly beneficial. Its potential to enhance lipid metabolism and aerobic capacity can help athletes train harder and recover faster, which could be pivotal during both training and competitive events.
Thrivous SurgeThrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Ginseng, along with complementary nutrients. As implied by this study, Surge may help enhance endurance sport and workout performance. Surge Acute Nootropic is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Melatonin is widely recognized for its role in regulating sleep patterns and circadian rhythms. It is naturally produced by the pineal gland in response to darkness, helping to promote sleep at night. This article delves into a scientific study that explores melatonin's broader impacts, particularly its effect on salivary cortisol and amylase, indicators of stress and digestive functioning, respectively. For a detailed read on the study, please visit the official publication.
The study in question is crucial as it expands our understanding of how melatonin could be utilized beyond just a sleep aid. The research looks into melatonin supplements and their effects on key biomarkers that could influence our overall well-being and reaction to stress. By comprehending these interactions, we could enhance our approaches to managing stress and promoting better health.
Study DesignThis clinical study employed a randomized controlled trial framework to explore the effects of melatonin supplements on human subjects. A total of 64 healthy volunteers were administered a single dose of melatonin (2 mg) or a placebo at 20:00 hours in a crossover design. The saliva samples were collected at multiple time points before and after administration to measure cortisol and amylase levels, providing insight into the physiological changes occasioned by melatonin.
Participants were carefully selected based on specific inclusion criteria, and the study maintained rigorous standards to ensure reliable and valid results. The cross-over design allowed each participant to serve as their own control, enhancing the study's internal validity. The melatonin and placebo were administered in a blinded fashion to avoid any bias in the responses recorded.
Study ResultsThe study found that melatonin significantly improved sleep onset latency and increased total sleep time. These sleep improvements were more pronounced in participants with initially poor sleep quality. Interestingly, while melatonin administration resulted in higher cortisol levels at certain times, it demonstrated a tendency to lower alpha-amylase levels, although these changes were not statistically significant.
The results indicate a complex interaction between melatonin and the biomarkers studied. Specifically, the increase in cortisol levels at awakening suggests that melatonin might influence the body’s response to awakening. However, the mechanisms underlying these effects remain unclear, underpinning the need for further research in this area.
RecommendationThis study highlights the potential of melatonin not only as a sleep aid but also in modulating physiological responses associated with stress and digestion. For individuals using Thrivous supplements, particularly Serenity Nightly Nootropic, this research supports the possible benefits beyond sleep enhancement. Melatonin might help manage stress and promote a healthier circadian rhythm.
However, as with all supplements, it is recommended to consult with a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment. This is particularly important for those with underlying health conditions or those taking other medications, to ensure safe and effective use of melatonin in conjunction with other therapies.
Thrivous SerenityThrivous develops Serenity Nightly Nootropic to enhance relaxation and sleep. Each serving provides a clinical dose of melatonin, as well as complementary nutrients. As implied by this study, Serenity may also help to reduce stress and promote a healthier circadian rhythm. Serenity Nightly Nootropic is available to purchase online now from the Thrivous store.
Advancements in human enhancement and health continue to emerge, significantly impacting our understanding of how lifestyle and dietary choices affect our cognitive functions. This article summarizes some of the latest findings in this field, focusing on the implications for our daily lives and potential for improving our mental capabilities.
A comprehensive systematic review has revealed intriguing connections between fruit and vegetable consumption and the enhancement of memory and attention. Researchers found that consistent intake of fruits and vegetables positively influences cognitive performance, crucial for functionality in daily tasks. Additionally, the duration of the studies, mostly around 10 to 12 weeks, indicated significant improvements especially in immediate recall among children. For detailed findings, you can read about the effects of fruit and vegetable intake on memory and attention.
The research paints a promising picture of how small changes in our diet might enhance mental functions, such as memory and attention. These studies highlight the potential benefits of adopting a diet rich in fruits and vegetables to support cognitive health throughout various stages of life.
As science continues to explore the boundaries of human health and longevity, the potential of various interventions to enhance our well-being has come into clearer focus. Recent studies delve into regimens ranging from dietary modifications to traditional physical exercises, and how these could significantly impact health, particularly in older adults. Let's take a closer look at the latest findings in human enhancement, focusing on nutritional supplementation, intermittent fasting paired with protein pacing, and the benefits of traditional exercises such as Tai Chi.
The first study investigated a nutritional option, glutamine supplementation, focusing on its tolerability among older adults. Researchers conducted a meticulous double-blind placebo-controlled trial, demonstrating that elderly participants who consumed glutamine daily experienced no adverse effects, suggesting that it is a safe and well-tolerated intervention to potentially maintain health in aging individuals. For more detailed insights, you can read about the study's findings on glutamine supplementation in older adults.
Another intriguing approach to wellness comes from combining intermittent fasting with protein pacing. This regimen was compared to continuous caloric restriction, revealing significant benefits regarding gut microbiome composition and metabolic responses. Markers for improved fat oxidation and body composition were notably better in those following the intermittent fasting and protein pacing diet, highlighting the method's effectiveness. Details can be explored through the full study on intermittent fasting and protein pacing influence.
Moving beyond dietary interventions, Tai Chi emerges as a compelling non-invasive practice to mitigate mild cognitive impairments in the elderly. Through systematic review and meta-analysis, the exercise was shown to not only preserve but actually improve cognitive function and slow progression towards more severe cognitive impairments. This holistic approach to mental fitness is elaborated further in the comprehensive analysis on Tai Chi for cognitive improvement.
In conclusion, these studies collectively demonstrate exciting possibilities for human enhancement through various interventions. Whether through dietary supplements, structured diet regimens, or physical exercise like Tai Chi, the potential to significantly improve quality of life and health outcomes, especially in the elderly, provides hopeful avenues for future research and development. These innovative approaches support the continuous pursuit of better health and enhanced longevity.
Vitamin D, often hailed for its role in bone health, has recently been scrutinized for its effects on various other health aspects, including cardiovascular health. The critical research delves into how Vitamin D supplements might enhance heart function for persons experiencing obesity.
Focusing on individuals aged between 40 to 65 years with a BMI categorizing them as obese or overweight, the study meticulously records the influence of Vitamin D on central hemodynamic parameters and the autonomic nervous system. This article summarizes the methodology, findings, and the potential implications of the study.
Study DesignThe research employed a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical setup, adhering to rigorous standards to ensure the integrity and reliability of the results. It involved 53 participants who were predisposed to low Vitamin D levels based on their BMI. The participants were randomly divided into two groups, with one receiving Vitamin D supplements, and the other a placebo over a period of eight weeks.
Measurements included various cardiovascular and autonomic indicators, such as blood pressure and heart rate variability. These were taken both at the onset and conclusion of the trial to gauge the effects of the intervention accurately.
Furthermore, biochemical assays and assessments of arterial rigidity complemented these measurements. These provided a composite view of physiological alterations influenced potentially by Vitamin D supplementation.
Study ResultsThe outcomes revealed significant improvements in cardiovascular health markers within the Vitamin D group. Notably, there was a marked decrease in systolic blood pressure and a reduction in arterial stiffness, which are both pivotal for enhancing cardiovascular function.
Additionally, the intervention group exhibited increased levels of Vitamin D post-trial, correlating with enhanced cardiovascular responsiveness and stability. These improvements highlight the potential role of Vitamin D in modulating cardiovascular health, especially in populations that have or at risk for excess body weight.
Thrivous TenacityThrivous develops Tenacity Arthroprotector to enhance joint and bone function for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Vitamin D, as well as complementary nutrients. Thus, as implied by this study, Tenacity may also help to enhance heart function. Tenacity Arthroprotector is available to purchase now in the Thrivous online store.
At Thrivous, we believe in the transformative power of science. "Better Science" is a foundational principle that guides everything we do.
We use the best available science to develop advanced supplements that provide the greatest potential for human enhancement. Our nootropic and geroprotector supplements are crafted to enhance mental ability and promote healthy life extension. All our efforts are rooted in rigorous scientific methodologies.
Evidence-Based FormulationsOur commitment to science ensures that each Thrivous supplement contains only nutrients and doses supported by high levels of evidence. We rely on multiple clinical studies on humans for safety and efficacy.
We avoid experimental substances and "placebo dust." Instead, we opt for ingredients with proven benefits and doses with proven benefits. If an ingredient at a particular dose doesn't have multiple peer-reviewed placebo-controlled human studies showing efficacy and safety, we don't use it.
While we recognize the value of dedicated clinical studies for specific formulas, we also understand the need for practical flexibility. Dedicated studies require rigid formulas that cannot respond quickly to the accelerating accumulation of relevant clinical studies. So our primary approach is continuous improvement that relies on existing robust studies that cover individual nutrients and some nutrient combinations.
Placebo-Controlled Human StudiesPeer-reviewed placebo-controlled human studies are the gold standard in health science. They provide the most reliable evidence of a supplement's efficacy and safety.
Peer review ensures that the research methods and conclusions have been critically evaluated by independent experts. This reduces the risk of bias and error.
Placebo-controlled studies compare the effects of the active ingredient to a placebo. This helps confirm that the observed benefits are due to the supplement itself and not psychological factors or other variables.
Human studies are essential because results from animal studies or lab experiments may not directly apply to human health. By relying on this high standard of evidence, we ensure that our supplements are both effective and safe.
Experimental Placebo Dust DangerConsumers should be wary of supplement vendors that use experimental substances or placebo dust doses.
Experimental substances lack sufficient evidence from peer-reviewed, placebo-controlled human studies to prove their efficacy and safety. Using such substances can pose significant health risks. Their short-term and long-term effects are unknown.
Vendors that include placebo dust doses — amounts too small to have any real effect — mislead consumers. They make you believe you are receiving beneficial nutrients when you are not. This practice not only wastes money but also undermines trust. And it can delay the use of effective supplements.
Rigorous Selection ProcessWe select each nutrient and dose through a meticulous process based on decades of clinical research. Our sophisticated algorithms rank hundreds of nutrients by evidence, safety, and efficacy. We then choose only the highest-ranking supplements for our formulas. This ensures that only the best make it into our products.
Our development process is strategic. We group top-ranked nutrients by complementary functions to create synergistic formulas. For example, the combination of Caffeine and L Theanine in Surge Acute Nootropic is designed to maximize cognitive benefits while minimizing side effects. Similarly, the pairing of Bacopa and Rhodiola in Clarity Daily Nootropic offers superior convenience and affordability by delivering these powerful nutrients together.
We also take a holistic approach to our formulations. We carefully consider known interactions between nutrients, other supplements, and medicines. This ensures that our combinations are both safe and effective. This comprehensive evaluation helps us create supplements that provide maximum benefit with minimal risk.
Commitment to TransparencyTransparency is one of our core values. Every Thrivous supplement features an open-source formula. We clearly list all ingredients and doses on the product label. We believe you have the right to know exactly what you're putting into your body.
We also publish summaries of clinical studies for each product on our website. They provide citations and brief descriptions of all the scientific studies on which the formula is based. This allows you to make well-informed decisions based on first-hand familiarity with solid scientific evidence.
Science Reviews and EndorsementsIn Thrivous product reviews, customers and third-parties consistently praise our supplements for their effectiveness and scientific backing. Here are a few highlights:
- Reddit Nootropics Group (231,000+ members): "Thrivous seems to be a reliable supplier. Thrivous has documentation showing they've adequately tested their products and they seem to be doing their due diligence to make sure their products are safe and accurately represented."
- Highya (up to 1.731M monthly visitors): "Compared to the vast majority of other nootropic supplements we’ve researched over the years, we think it’s positive that we know exactly who manufactures Clarity (as well as the individuals behind the company), the exact ingredients (and amounts) it contains, the fact that it contains the recommended dosing for each of its ingredients, and the straightforward pricing. … In the end, it’s not often that we see all of these positive aspects in a single nutritional supplement."
- Fitness Clone (up to 168K monthly visitors): "Thrivous does a very good job of proving its claims. Their product contains components that are backed by science, many of which have also been used successfully since ancient times ..."
- Dr. Cory Funk (Thrivous science advisor): "I have enjoyed taking the complete Thrivous Stack for over a year. First and foremost, I know it contains many compounds that have been shown to improve human health and cognition. That alone gives me peace of mind. As we are all N-of-one experiments, I can say that my experience has been that I feel like the stack provides me with greater cognitive reserve and resilience to the typical stresses of life."
- Dr. David Dayton (Thrivous science advisor): "I've been taking the Thrivous stack for a couple of years now. The thing that gives me the most confidence about this stack is how rigorous the company is when it comes to selecting empirically-validated nutrients – there is a high bar for which ingredients can and cannot be included. I also like how the stacks are combined and organized by function. The payoff of consistent use has been increased focus, calmness, and energy."
Science over TestimonialWhile customer reviews, testimonials, and influencer endorsements can provide useful insights, they are not a substitute for scientific evidence. Personal experiences are subjective and can be influenced by various factors, including psychological expectations and placebo effects. Testimonials can also be selective, highlighting only positive experiences while ignoring negative ones.
Influencers, though popular, may lack the scientific expertise to evaluate the efficacy and safety of supplements. They often promote products based on sponsorship deals rather than rigorous scientific evaluation. This can lead to biased recommendations that do not necessarily reflect the true value of the product.
Science, on the other hand, relies on objective, systematic investigation and verification. Peer-reviewed placebo-controlled human studies are designed to eliminate bias and provide reliable evidence of a supplement’s efficacy and safety. This rigorous approach ensures that the benefits of our supplements are real and reproducible, providing a solid foundation for trust and credibility.
ConclusionAt Thrivous, "Better Science" is more than a slogan — it's a guiding principle. Through our evidence-based formulations, rigorous selection processes, and unwavering commitment to transparency, we set the highest standards in the supplement industry.
Our dedication to science is essential to our mission, to help you access technology with the greatest potential to improve your brain and body, in a way that you can trust. In a supplement market filled with shady actors, lying suppliers, and lazy manufacturers, Thrivous stands out as a beacon of scientific integrity and efficacy. Trust in Thrivous is trust in better science for a better life.
Experience the benefits of better science today. Visit the Thrivous store to learn more and try our advanced supplements. Make the smart choice. We guarantee your happiness.
In a recent clinical study, researchers investigated the impact of caffeine on female swimmers' performance, particularly in sprint time in simulated freestyle competitions and vertical jump capacity. The study aimed to understand whether caffeine could serve as an effective ergogenic aid for athletes, especially swimmers.
The study employed a double-blind, cross-over design with eight moderately trained female swimmers. Each participant ingested a caffeine dose of 6 mg/kg body weight or a placebo before undergoing performance tests like vertical jumps, balance, auditory reaction time, and freestyle swimming sprints of 25m and 50m.
Caffeine significantly reduced the sprint times in both the 25m and 50m simulated freestyle swimming competitions. However, no significant improvements were noted in the vertical jump performance or other measured parameters.
Given the study's results, it suggests that caffeine could be incorporated into swimmers’ nutrition plans to potentially improve short-distance swimming performances.
Thrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of caffeine, along with complementary nutrients that improve benefits and decrease jitters from caffeine. As implied by this study, Surge may help to improve swimming sprint and similar athletic performance. Surge Acute Nootropic is available to purchase online now from the Thrivous store.
The quest for a deeper understanding of human enhancement continues as scientists explore the intricate relationship between our environment and biological aging. Among the latest studies, one significant area of research is how the air we breathe affects the aging process. This is particularly relevant to middle-aged and older individuals, as recent findings shed light on the ways environmental factors may accelerate biological aging. Insights from these research efforts could pave the way for strategies to boost longevity and improve quality of life.
A comprehensive systematic review delves into the connection between ambient air pollution and biological aging, especially among those who are middle-aged or older. Scientists have utilized various methods to assess this relationship, including the examination of changes in DNA methylation — the chemical modification of DNA that can influence aging — and alterations in telomere length, the protective caps on our chromosomes that shorten as we age. Studies included in this review have consistently found that higher levels of fine particulate matter and black carbon — a major part of soot — are linked to an acceleration of the biological aging process. You can read more about the impact of air pollution on biological aging in the full study.
In addition, this systematic review has observed trends indicating that other pollutants like nitrogen oxides and ozone may also influence the rate of biological aging, with current evidence suggesting a potential link. Such insights are vital as they highlight the importance of environmental health in relation to our own biological vitality. As frailty in older age becomes a focus for healthcare, understanding environmental factors gives us an avenue to counteract negative influences and foster a healthier, more vibrant population. The robust findings in the studies call for further research and potentially policies aimed at reducing exposure to these harmful pollutants.
To summarize, the latest research in human enhancement indicates a definite link between the quality of air we breathe and the rate at which our bodies age biologically. Particulate matter and black carbon, components of air pollution, have been identified as contributors to accelerated aging in middle-aged and older adults. Other pollutants like nitrogen oxides and ozone are also suspects in this process, although there is less consolidated evidence. These insights underscore the growing importance of environmental health and its role in human enhancement and longevity, providing crucial data for future strategies aimed at protecting and enhancing human life.
As the search for cognitive enhancers continues, a notable candidate has emerged in the form of blueberry extract. Known for its rich anthocyanin content, blueberry extract has been the focus of scientific studies to uncover its potential benefits for cognitive and cardiovascular health.
In this article, we explore the findings from a recent clinical study titled, "Wild Blueberry Extract Intervention in Healthy Older Adults: A Multi-Study, Randomized, Controlled Investigation of Acute Cognitive and Cardiovascular Effects." It sheds light on how this natural supplement could support the aging brain and heart.
Study DesignThe clinical study employed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over design, which is considered the gold standard for clinical trials. This approach minimizes bias and allows researchers to measure the effects of the blueberry extract more accurately.
The study population consisted of healthy older adults aged 68–75 years. Participants were assigned to various treatment groups, receiving different doses of blueberry extract or a placebo. Cognitive performance, blood pressure, and heart rate were measured at several points during the study to assess the extract's effects over an acute timeframe.
Study ResultsThe results indicated a significant improvement in certain cognitive tasks following the intake of blueberry extract. Specifically, participants demonstrated enhanced executive function and episodic memory, which are critical for daily decision-making and memory recall.
Moreover, the study reported acute reductions in both systolic and diastolic blood pressure among participants who consumed blueberry extract. These findings suggest that the extract has the potential to support not only cognitive health but also cardiovascular health.
RecommendationFor healthy individuals, particularly those using supplements like Thrivous, the study’s findings are promising. Regular consumption of blueberry extract could potentially enhance cognitive function and provide cardiovascular benefits. As always, it's essential to consult with healthcare professionals before starting any new supplement regimen.
Although the study focused on acute effects, the long-term implications of consistent blueberry extract supplementation on cognitive health warrant further investigation. Nevertheless, the study presents an exciting possibility for individuals seeking natural ways to maintain and improve their cognitive abilities and overall heart health over time.
Thrivous VitalityThrivous develops Vitality Geroprotector to enhance metabolic and cellular function for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Mirtoselect®, which is four times stronger than common blueberry extract. As suggested by this study, Vitality may help to enhance cognitive and cardiovascular function. Vitality Geroprotector is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
The pursuit of human enhancement has brought forth intriguing developments that highlight the potential of technology in advancing our understanding and capabilities. Recent research into gene expression and the application of artificial intelligence in nutrition provides insights that could redefine health and longevity. This article will explore some of the breakthrough news in the field.
A novel database named AgeMeta has been introduced, offering a comprehensive and quantitative analysis of gene expression related to mammalian aging. This resource compiles transcriptomic alterations over time in multiple tissues from humans, mice, and rats. It allows for easy comparison of aging-associated transcriptomics among different species and tissues, which can bolster the comprehension of aging biology. To delve deeper, you can visit the database on their official AgeMeta website.
Another significant stride has been made in the intersection of artificial intelligence and nutrition. A systematic study provides an extensive assessment of AI's role in nutrition, presenting the various applications that have emerged. This includes advancements in smart and personalized nutrition, dietary evaluation, and predictive disease modeling. To understand the full scope of AI's potential in nutrition sciences, read through the detailed findings at the PubMed source.
To summarize, the introduction of the AgeMeta database is a significant development in the study of aging, providing a systemic description of gene expression changes over time. Additionally, the exploration of AI in nutrition sciences demonstrates the growing influence of technology on optimizing dietary management and enhancing public health. These advancements together reflect the remarkable potential of modern technology to enhance human well-being and longevity.
Understanding the influence of nutritional supplements on exercise performance and cognitive function is valuable for athletes seeking an edge in their training and competition. This study explores the individual and combined effects of creatine and caffeine, two popular ingredients in pre-workout supplements.
Study DesignA randomized, double-blind, crossover trial was conducted. It included twelve resistance-trained male athletes who underwent a series of performance tests and cognitive assessments. The participants were divided into four groups, receiving either a placebo, creatine, caffeine, or a combination of both over a seven-day period.
Before and after supplementation, participants' exercise performance was evaluated through standard resistance exercises and anaerobic tests. Cognitive function was measured using the Stroop Word–Color Interference test. All trials were administered under controlled conditions to ensure reliable results.
Study ResultsThe study found that the combined intake of creatine and caffeine significantly improved cognitive function, especially in tasks involving cognitive interference. However, no substantial improvements were observed in short-term exercise performance for any of the supplement regimens.
The safety profile of the combined intake was confirmed, as there were no adverse effects reported during the trial. These findings are crucial for athletes considering supplementation to enhance cognitive aspects related to sports performance, without the expectation of immediate improvements in physical exercise performance.
RecommendationFor healthy individuals using Thrivous supplements, the study suggests potential cognitive benefits from combining creatine with caffeine. Although this combination did not significantly enhance exercise performance within the scope of this study, the cognitive improvements observed might offer indirect long-term benefits to training adaptability and competition readiness.
It is recommended that users consider their personal tolerance and consult with a healthcare professional before starting any new supplementation protocol. Moreover, maintaining a balanced diet and consistent training routine remains essential for achieving optimal athletic performance.
Thrivous SurgeThrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of caffeine and complementary nutrients. As suggested by this study, combining Surge with creatine may enhance cognitive performance. Surge Acute Nootropic is available to purchase online now from the Thrivous store.
The Optimizing Short-Term Maximal Exercise Performance study sets out to establish the most effective dose of caffeine to enhance various aspects of short-term maximal performance in mild caffeine consumers among young female team-sports athletes. Through a carefully designed and executed clinical trial, the study aimed to determine whether a caffeine dose could improve performance without leading to significant undesirable side effects.
Study DesignThe clinical trial employed a randomized, crossover, double-blind design to assess the impact of three different caffeine doses on high-intensity exercise. This methodology ensured the validity and reliability of the results by allowing each subject to serve as their own control, further offset by the administration of a placebo. The study targeted young female team-sports athletes, comprising a narrow but relevant demographic in sports performance research.
Participants were divided into groups to receive varying caffeine dosages (3 mg/kg, 6 mg/kg, and 9 mg/kg) or a placebo. Each dosage was tested for its effectiveness in enhancing short-term maximal performance without resulting in performance-limiting side effects. The inclusion of the placebo group provided a necessary benchmark to measure the true effects of caffeine supplementation.
Study ResultsThe study findings revealed that the optimal caffeine dosage for enhancing performance in young female team-sports athletes was 6 mg/kg. This dosage led to significant improvements in the performance markers tested, which included countermovement jumps test (CMJ), modified agility t-test (MATT), and repeated sprint ability (RSA) test. In contrast, a lower dose (3 mg/kg) did not deliver the same benefits, while a higher dose (9 mg/kg) did not further improve outcomes and led to a higher incidence of side effects.
An essential takeaway was that increasing the caffeine dose beyond the moderate level of 6 mg/kg did not lead to additional performance enhancements. However, the higher dosage did correlate with a rise in undesirable side effects such as tachycardia, gastrointestinal issues, and sleep disturbances.
RecommendationFor healthy individuals seeking to incorporate caffeine for performance enhancement, particularly young female athletes in team sports, the study suggests a moderate caffeine dosage of 6 mg/kg as the most effective strategy. Not only did this dosage improve various aspects of short-term maximal performance, but it also mitigated the occurrence of adverse side effects commonly associated with higher caffeine consumption.
When considering the adoption of caffeine consumption strategies such as those offered by Thrivous supplements, this study's recommendations could serve as a valuable guide for both athletes and coaches. The study's evidential support for a specific caffeine dosage could further assist in optimizing training and game-day performances safely and effectively.
Thrivous SurgeThrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving of Surge provides a clinical dose of Caffeine, as well as complementary ingredients, including L Theanine, which mitigates common side effects of Caffeine. Thus, as implied by this study, Surge may enhance athletic performance. Surge Acute Nootropic is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Today, we delve into the fascinating world of human physiology under extreme conditions. Specifically, we discuss recent findings from a new clinical study focused on electrophysiological changes during high-altitude acclimatization and how Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) supplements may influence this process. If you're intrigued by how our bodies adapt to high altitudes, and the potential role of supplements in that adaptation, keep reading!
Study DesignThe new study, titled "Effect of ubiquinol on electrophysiology during high-altitude acclimatization and de-acclimatization," is a randomized clinical trial. Forty-one participants underwent tests to measure their heart's electrical activity (electrophysiology) before and after exposure to high altitude, while receiving either CoQ10 or a placebo. The purpose? To understand how our hearts adapt to the stress of low oxygen levels at high altitudes.
The study's controlled conditions and careful documentation provide solid insights. Its design ensures that the results focus on the effects of CoQ10, distinct from external variables that might otherwise skew the data. Measurement of electrophysiological parameters was conducted at the participants' baseline altitude, after reaching a high altitude of 3900 meters, and upon return to low altitude.
Study ResultsThe results of the study are significant for those who explore or work in high-altitude environments. It was found that exposure to high altitude affected the heart's electrical activity. This was indicated by prolonged repolarization, which is a potential risk for cardiac events. Interestingly, supplementation with CoQ10 seemed to mitigate some of these changes.
CoQ10 appears to influence the heart's ability to maintain a safe rhythm under the stress of low oxygen, suggesting its potential as a protective supplement. These findings are a step forward in understanding how we can support heart health during altitude adaptation.
RecommendationFor the health-conscious and performance-focused individuals, particularly mountaineers, skiers, or high-altitude pilots, this study may have practical implications. Using CoQ10 supplements as part of preparation for high-altitude adventures could potentially safeguard against unwanted electrophysiological changes that come with the territory.
Of course, while the study presents promise, it's essential to consult with health professionals before starting any new supplement regimen. For those using Thrivous supplements, these findings underscore the importance of recognizing not just the general health enhancement possibilities of supplements, but also their potential for enhancing performance and safety in challenging environments.
Enhancing our physiological responses to high altitudes isn't just about pushing the limits of human endurance. It's about understanding and responsibly managing our biology to perform at our best, no matter where we find ourselves.
Thrivous VitalityThrivous develops Vitality Geroprotector to enhance metabolic and cellular function for better aging. Each serving of Vitality provides a clinical dose of CoQ10, as well as complementary nutrients. As implied by this study, Vitality may help improve the body's response to high altitudes. Vitality Geroprotector is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
The topic of enhancing cognitive function is one of significant interest, particularly as the population ages and individuals seek ways to maintain mental acuity and ward off the cognitive decline associated with aging. This article delves into the findings of a recent clinical study that investigates the potential cognitive benefits of Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for individuals without dementia.
Omega 3 fatty acids have long been associated with various health benefits, including potential improvements in brain health. This study systematically reviews and meta-analyzes how Omega 3 may enhance cognitive abilities among middle-aged and older adults.
Study DesignThe reviewed clinical study focused on individuals 40 years and older, aiming to scrutinize the link between Omega 3 supplements and cognitive function over time. The study deployed a comprehensive search across multiple databases, including PubMed/MEDLINE, to collate relevant randomized controlled trials. A dose-response meta-analysis was performed to obtain a clearer picture of the relationship between Omega 3 intake and its impact on brain health.
Strict criteria were used to include studies centered on non-demented older adults receiving interventions with Omega 3 for a period of three months or longer. The primary outcomes of the analysis were changes in global cognitive function.
Study ResultsThe meta-analysis concluded that the intake of Omega 3 could potentially benefit executive function within the first 12 months of supplementation when dosages exceeded 500 mg per day. Moreover, these benefits seem more pronounced in populations where dietary levels of DHA and EPA, pivotal components of Omega 3 fatty acids, are not extremely low.
However, the upward trend in cognitive benefits did not persist indefinitely. The study noticed a downward curve in effectiveness after 12 months, suggesting that long-term Omega 3 supplementation may not continually enhance executive function beyond a certain time frame.
For healthy individuals, especially those using cognitive health supplements like those offered by Thrivous, this study holds significant relevance. It suggests that incorporating a regimen of Omega 3 supplements could be beneficial for maintaining and potentially improving certain aspects of cognitive function, especially executive abilities.
Thrivous OmegaThrivous develops Omega Cardioprotector to enhance heart function and circulation for better aging. Each serving of Omega provides a clinical dose of Omega 3 Lysine Complex, which is five times more bioavailable than common fish oil. Thus, as suggested by this study, Omega may also help to enhance cognitive function. Omega Cardioprotector is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
As scientific inquiry advances, the quest for enhancing human health continues to evolve, investigating not only treatments for disease but also opportunities to improve cognitive function among older adults. One such avenue is the exploration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), recognized for their potential in benefiting those with late-life depression (LLD).
A recent clinical trial, titled "Cognitive protection and brain entropy changes from omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids supplement in late-life depression: A 52-week randomized controlled trial," sheds light on the complex relationship between omega-3 PUFAs, cognitive function, and brain health in individuals with LLD. This comprehensive study, available at ScienceDirect, highlights the nuanced effects of omega-3 supplements in cognitive preservation and the understanding of brain function changes.
The trial's findings are particularly pertinent given the rising awareness of LLD's association with an increased risk of dementia. Traditional antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), have shown promise in delaying cognitive decline in patients with mild cognitive impairment. However, recent investigations suggest that omega-3 PUFAs could offer a dual effect on both mood and cognitive health, potentially fostering an environment conducive to improved brain functionality. These supplements may enhance neuroprotective processes, decrease inflammation, and thus contribute to maintaining cognitive faculties as age progresses.
Study DesignIn a rigorous approach to understanding the effects of omega-3 PUFAs on the aging brain, researchers embarked on a 52-week double-blind randomized controlled trial. Older adults diagnosed with late-life depression were chosen as the focus group for this study, assessing cognitive changes that omega-3 supplementation could potentially foster. The use of resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI) scans before and after supplementation offered the researchers a detailed picture of how these fatty acids could affect brain entropy - a measure of predictability and complexity in brain activity patterns.
Participants in the study underwent comprehensive cognitive tests and inflammatory marker analysis, linking brain entropy changes to clinical measures of cognitive function. This meticulous approach allowed for an extensive evaluation of omega-3 supplements' role in modifying brain entropy patterns, with a focus on areas known to be involved in language and visual processing as well as emotional regulation.
Study ResultsThe study's findings included both anticipated and surprising elements. Despite no global cognitive improvements being detected, there was a marginal increase in processing speed noted within the omega-3 PUFAs group. Significantly, those consuming omega-3 PUFAs showed reduced brain entropy in specific brain regions like the left posterior cingulate gyrus - an area implicated in a range of cognitive functions. Furthermore, this reduction in brain entropy correlated with improvements in language abilities and a decrease in inflammatory marker IL-6, suggesting an anti-inflammatory effect of the omega-3 supplements.
Although these results only showcased a modest clinical improvement, the changes in brain entropy present intriguing implications for brain health and cognitive maintenance. The smaller sample size of the study and the marginal clinical impact highlight the need for expanded research to fully understand the potential cognitive benefits of omega-3 PUFAs supplementation.
RecommendationWithin the context of healthy individuals using Thrivous supplements, this study may herald a new understanding of how omega-3 PUFAs contribute to cognitive wellness. The evidence of improved processing speed and decreased brain entropy offers a compelling reason for individuals to consider omega-3 supplements as part of their daily regimen, particularly those concerned with maintaining cognitive function and reducing inflammation linked with aging.
While this study concentrates on individuals with late-life depression, the potential cognitive protective effects of omega-3 PUFAs could be extrapolated to a broader audience. Future larger scale studies may confirm these benefits, positioning omega-3 PUFAs as a key component in the quest for enhanced cognitive function and overall brain health. For those committed to optimizing their cognitive potential and promoting longevity, incorporating omega-3 PUFAs into their daily supplementation routine could prove a judicious choice.
The implications of omega-3 PUFAs for healthy cognitive aging present a beacon for ongoing research and consideration in nutritional supplementation strategies. As an eminent ally in the fight against cognitive deterioration, omega-3 PUFAs stand out as a promising supplement for anyone striving for broader human enhancement and the cherished ideal of enduring superhuman vitality and intelligence.
Thrivous OmegaThrivous develops Omega Cardioprotector to enhance heart function and circulation for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Omega 3 Lysine Complex, which is 5 times more bioavailable than common fish oil. As suggested by this study, Omega may help to promote healthy cognitive aging. Omega Cardioprotector is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Are you an amateur runner looking to boost your performance and improve your mental state? A recent clinical study delves into the impact of omega-3 fatty acid supplements on tryptophan metabolism during 12 weeks of endurance training. Understanding the influence of this supplement could be a game-changer for your training regimen.
Omega-3 fatty acids are known for their health benefits, including their anti-inflammatory properties. But their impact on amino acid metabolism, specifically tryptophan - an essential amino acid, has been largely unexplored. This study sheds light on whether omega-3 supplements could have a positive additive effect when combined with endurance training, transforming not just physical performance but also potentially bolstering mental well-being in healthy individuals.
Study DesignThe study enlisted 26 fit male runners. Split into two groups, participants either received omega-3 fatty acids (specifically EPA and DHA) or medium-chain triglycerides as a placebo. They underwent a progressive endurance training program supervised by a seasoned coach, with all variables meticulously monitored.
Before and after the 12-week program, performance tests were administered, and blood samples were collected for analysis. The researchers aimed at investigating not just the purely physiological outcomes but the intersections where these biological processes impact mental states before and after induced stress scenarios.
Study ResultsThe intriguing outcome of the study revealed a significant uptick in concentrations of potentially neuroprotective metabolites in the omega-3 supplement group. While not influencing mood or inflammation markers like IL-6 directly, these changes might indicate an enhanced adaptive response to endurance exercise brought on by omega-3 supplements.
This alteration in the metabolism of tryptophan, particularly the increase in plasma concentrations of certain metabolites post-supplementation, poses a fascinating look at how omega-3 might support brain function adaptation in response to endurance exercises, perhaps even hinting at improvements in mood and cognitive functions.
RecommendationIf you're a healthy individual using Thrivous supplements, this study suggests that incorporating omega-3 fatty acids into your regime may enhance your body’s adaptive response during endurance training. While more extensive studies are needed to confirm these benefits, especially on mood and cognitive functions, the potential boost to your overall vitality and training efficiency seems promising.
With the evolving landscape of human enhancement and the pursuit for superhuman vitality, integrating omega-3 supplements as part of a holistic approach to your training may not only bolster your physical stamina but can also be a stride forward in enhancing mental acuity.
Thrivous OmegaThrivous develops Omega Cardioprotector to enhance heart function and circulation for healthy aging. Each serving of Omega provides a clinical dose of Omega 3 Lysine Complex, which is 5 times more bioavailable than common fish oil. Thus, as suggested by this study, Omega may enhance cognitive benefits from endurance exercise. Omega Cardioprotector is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
The link between vitamin D levels and general health has been well-documented, with deficiencies associated with a range of health issues. One such area of study focuses on the connection between vitamin D levels and male fertility. Understanding this relationship is crucial for those considering supplements for supporting reproductive health.
Readers interested in detailed scientific analysis can refer to the clinical study published in Andrology, titled "Effects of vitamin D on sex steroids, luteinizing hormone, and testosterone to luteinizing hormone ratio in 307 infertile men."
In simple terms, this study examined whether vitamin D supplements could influence the production of sex hormones in men. Sex hormones play a significant role in reproductive functions, and understanding any potential benefits from vitamin D could help support healthy fertility.
Study DesignThe study took the form of a randomized clinical trial, involving a total of 307 men with infertility issues, each receiving either vitamin D supplements or a placebo over the course of 150 days. The goal was to measure the effects of vitamin D on important markers such as sex steroids, luteinizing hormone, and the ratio of testosterone to luteinizing hormone — key indicators of reproductive health in men.
Participants who received vitamin D started with a high dose of 300,000 IU cholecalciferol, followed by a daily dose of 1400 IU combined with 500 mg of calcium. This regimen was compared with a control group receiving placebo treatments.
Study ResultsThe outcomes were interesting but nuanced. For the overall group, vitamin D supplements did not significantly alter the production of sex steroids or the balance of other relevant hormones. However, a deeper look at the data revealed that in men with lower levels of vitamin D at the start of the study, vitamin D supplements were linked to a significantly higher ratio of testosterone to luteinizing hormone.
This suggests that vitamin D may have positive implications for Leydig cell function, which is responsible for producing testosterone. But this was the case only in men who initially had low levels of the vitamin.
RecommendationThe study indicates that men with low vitamin D levels may benefit from supplements. As such, it may be advisable for healthy individuals, including those using Thrivous supplements, to be aware of their vitamin D status.
For those with a deficiency, supplements could help support overall reproductive health. However, as always, it is essential for individuals to consult with healthcare providers before beginning any new supplement regimen.
Thrivous TenacityThrivous develops Tenacity Arthroprotector to enhance joint and bone function for healthy aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Vitamin D, along with complementary nutrients. As suggested by this study, Tenacity may help to support reproductive health in men. Tenacity Arthroprotector is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
In recent advancements in human enhancement, two studies have shown promising results for improving the well-being of older adults. These innovative approaches focus on leveraging technology and multidisciplinary interventions to combat the effects of age-related decline.
The first study examines how robotic exoskeletons can aid individuals with Parkinson's disease. And the second study explores the impacts of various activities on muscle strength and cognitive function in the elderly. Let's delve into the findings of these revolutionary studies and understand their implications for healthy aging.
A groundbreaking study has brought hope to people with Parkinson's disease by demonstrating how using a robotic exoskeleton for exercise can enhance memory and walking. The study involved individuals aged 50-85 engaging in progressive high-intensity exercise over an 8-week period, with some using the exoskeleton and others exercising without it. Remarkably, only those using the exoskeleton were able to consistently increase their exercise intensity throughout the program, leading to improved memory and gait endurance.
This supports the theory that high-intensity workouts can boost brain and muscle function, marking a significant stride forward in rehabilitation technology. For more detailed insights, have a look at the study on exercise and exoskeletons improving cognition and mobility in Parkinson's patients.
In other enlightening research, scientists have investigated the positive effects of multidomain interventions on sarcopenia (the loss of muscle mass) and cognitive flexibility among older adults. This study aggregated data from several randomized controlled trials, employing strategies that encompassed physical activity and other varied methods to slow the aging process. The results showed that these interventions not only improved muscle strength but also enhanced certain aspects of cognitive flexibility.
Emphasizing the role of physical activity in public health strategies could therefore significantly aid healthy aging. The encouraging outcomes urge further research into consistent, diversified intervention programs. Readers interested in this innovative approach to healthy aging can check out the systematic review on interventions for sarcopenia and cognitive health.
Summarizing, recent research has shed light on innovative human enhancement techniques that can significantly improve life quality for the older population. The use of a robotic exoskeleton in exercise routines has been revealed as a powerful tool for individuals suffering from Parkinson's disease, enhancing both their memory and walking abilities. Additionally, multidomain interventions stand out as an effective measure against aging-related muscle and cognitive decline. These studies collectively contribute to our understanding of how we can leverage technology and tailored interventions to foster healthier, longer lives.
The realm of e-sports has emerged as an incredibly competitive and mentally demanding battlefield, inviting comparisons with traditional sports in terms of the levels of skill and concentration required. As a result, e-sport athletes are constantly looking for lawful ways to sharpen their mental acuity and enhance performance during high-stakes tournaments.
A recent clinical study delves into how caffeine, a widely consumed stimulant, may offer cognitive benefits to these virtual competitors. The study's findings are particularly intriguing for e-sport enthusiasts, professional players, and those in the gaming industry, and can potentially influence the nutritional strategies employed by players before competitions.
Study DesignThe clinical study utilized a single-blind, repeated-measure, crossover design. Participants were randomized to receive either a caffeine capsule or a placebo, with a washout period of 7 days between treatments. Before the trial, subjects underwent several familiarization tests tied to cognitive function and shooting performance. The study aimed to examine the potential enhancements in cognitive abilities and shooting performance following caffeine consumption, particularly through the lens of players' Stroop task performance, a measure for cognitive interference and processing speed.
Nine male e-sport athletes from national training centers with experience in international first-person shooter competitions were recruited for the trial. Notably, the study excluded female participants to avoid menstrual cycle effects on performance metrics. Participants were also screened to confirm a stable intake of caffeine prior to the study, to avoid any confounding effects of habitual consumption on the study's results. Dosages were calculated based on individual body weight, and the trials were conducted in a controlled e-sport environment to simulate actual gaming conditions.
Study ResultsThe outcome of the clinical trial was unambiguous: caffeine intake had a positive impact on cognitive test results and e-sport shooting performance. More precisely, the Stroop task reaction times were shorter in the caffeine condition compared to placebo, especially with congruent pairings where the word meaning matched the font color.
This suggests a heightened state of cognitive focus and faster processing speed under the influence of caffeine. In addition, improved shooting performance was evidenced by increased accuracy and reduced target engagement times. The magnitude of these benefits was quantified with moderate to large effect sizes, reinforcing the practical significance of caffeine as an ergogenic aid for e-sports players.
However, the study did not find significant changes in reaction times for more complex incongruent stimuli during the Stroop task for the caffeine group. This suggests that while caffeine can enhance certain aspects of cognitive function, its impact on more intricate cognitive processing may be limited or more difficult to discern in the context of e-sport performance.
RecommendationFor healthy individuals and avid gamers considering the use of Thrivous supplements, the study's insights could be quite valuable. The results indicate that a pre-game caffeine dose, calibrated to one's body weight, could improve certain cognitive functions related to e-sport competitiveness. Specifically, a dose of 3 mg/kg of caffeine consumed roughly an hour before gameplay may enhance visual search ability, reaction time, and overall gaming performance. These improvements could confer a competitive edge during e-sport tournaments.
However, it is crucial to take into account individual sensitivity to caffeine and one's existing dietary habits. Adjusting caffeine intake to avoid side effects such as jitteriness or increased anxiety is essential. Furthermore, long-term reliance on stimulants for performance enhancement should be carefully managed to avoid potential health risks and ensure sustainability within intensely competitive environments like professional e-sports. As with any supplement regimen, consultation with a healthcare professional is advised to ensure safety and effectiveness.
The study represents a promising step towards understanding the nuanced role nutritional supplements can play in cognitive and physical performance enhancement. As the scientific community continues to explore these frontiers, it's an exciting time for those looking to optimize their health and capabilities, especially within the rapidly evolving sphere of human enhancement technologies.
Thrivous SurgeThrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of caffeine, as well as complementary nutrients to decrease the side effects and increase the benefits of caffeine. As suggested by this study, use of Surge may enhance e-sport performance. Surge Acute Nootropic is available to purchase now online in the Thrivous store.
Welcome to our latest collection of news on human enhancement and the dynamic interplay between science, technology, and human potential. As the march of progress continues, we have two exciting recent developments that shine light on our best visions for the future: the role of intrinsic capacity in promoting healthy aging, and the impact of dietary fat on our genetic data. Let's dive in.
A research study recently brought forward new insights on promoting healthy aging among older populations. The study showcases the significant role of the baseline intrinsic capacity, which is impaired in approximately 90% of older adults and associated with increased risk of frailty and cognitive decline. Researchers utilized a pragmatic multidomain intervention of exercise, cognitive training, nutritional counseling, and chronic condition management. Notably, the intervention effectively halted cognitive declines and physical frailty, especially in those with significant intrinsic capacity impairment. This highlights the importance of personalized strategies for healthy aging.
In other news, a recent study has unveiled that dietary intake of certain fatty acids can potentially modulate our DNA methylation, affecting health outcomes. More specifically, the study found associations between the intake of omega 3 fatty acids and a decrease in various health risks, while high intake of omega 6 fatty acids could lead to inflammation-related issues. Three genetic sites were discovered to be associated with fatty acid intake, raising a new avenue for understanding diet and health relations and their potential effect on epigenetic changes.
In conclusion, these novel studies give us hope concerning future possibilities of human enhancement. Understanding the effect of our intrinsic capacity on healthy aging and the impact of diet on our genetic makeup opens doors for more personalized health strategies. As we piece together these insights, we pave the way for a world where superhuman vitality and intelligence might just be not a dream, but a reality within reach.
In the quest to push human limits, athletes and coaches are always on the lookout for strategies that can momentarily elevate performance right before competition. Among these tactics, the fusion of intense pre-exercise protocols and nutritional aids stands out, especially for its ability to prime the body for peak output.
A fascinating development in this area is the concept of Post-Activation Potentiation Enhancement (PAPE), a phenomenon where a short burst of intense activity can lead to a significant uptick in performance in subsequent exercises. A new study delves into the combined effect of PAPE and caffeine intake on enhancing performance in highly trained boxers, offering insights into optimizing athletic prowess.
Study DesignThe study meticulously recruited 30 male boxers with substantial experience and accolades in the sport. Ensuring a controlled environment, it excluded individuals with high caffeine tolerance or health issues that could skew the results.
The experiment was structured around a familiarization session followed by three trials: a control, a placebo with PAPE, and PAPE with caffeine intake. These trials were spaced out to eliminate any learning effects and ensure accurate measurement of PAPE's impact. Each session involved a warm-up, the application of the PAPE protocol, a recovery period, and the execution of a 30-second Wingate Anaerobic Test to gauge performance metrics.
This methodical approach aimed to isolate the effects of PAPE and caffeine on athletic performance, providing a clear view of their potential benefits.
Study ResultsThe findings are illuminating. Both PAPE protocols, with and without caffeine, significantly improved mean power and total work output during the Wingate test compared to the control scenario. However, the addition of caffeine (at a dose of 3 mg/kg) to the PAPE protocol notably enhanced peak power and the subjective feeling of power among the athletes, without leading to any reported side effects. This suggests that while PAPE alone can substantially increase performance, its combination with caffeine may further amplify these benefits.
This study underscores the promising potential of combining short, intense pre-exercise protocols with caffeine intake to acutely boost athletic performance. Specifically, in sports characterized by brief, high-intensity bursts of activity, such as boxing, these strategies can be particularly effective. The findings not only validate the effectiveness of PAPE in enhancing performance but also highlight the additional benefits that caffeine can bring to the table.
As we continue to explore the frontiers of human enhancement, strategies like these offer exciting possibilities for athletes to surpass their limits, showcasing the ever-evolving landscape of sports science and nutrition.
Thrivous SurgeThrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of caffeine, along with complementary nutrients that decrease the side effects of caffeine. Like all Thrivous supplements, Surge goes through rigorous quality control before shipping to customers. Surge Acute Nootropic is available to purchase now in the Thrivous online store.
Human enhancement, the application of science and technology to physically or mentally improve the human body beyond its current limitations, is an ever-evolving field. It's about unlocking superhuman vitality and intelligence and pushing the boundaries of what humans can do, with the potential for profound effects on society. Recent news items highlight developments in prescription stimulants, the effect of medical insurance on seniors' health, the link between spirituality and longevity, a novel brain-computer interface to manage chronic pain, and spatial-visual-imagery-based electroencephalograph discrimination.
Interestingly, research shows a correlation between spirituality/religiosity and longer lifespan. People who practice higher levels of spirituality or religiosity exhibit a lower risk of mortality. This can also improve their general well-being and strengthen their connection with the healthcare system. Moreover, incorporating spirituality and religiosity assessment into clinical care would significantly benefit patients.
There's an increased chatter in media about students self-medicating with prescription stimulants or "cognitive enhancers" to boost their study performance. However, current evidence on the prevalence of such usage, especially in the UK, is sparse. The usage of modafinil is reportedly higher than that of stimulants like methylphenidate or dexamphetamine. Accurate research is necessary to assess the scale of cognitive enhancer usage among students.
In China, the Urban-Rural Resident Basic Medical Insurance (URRBMI) is working effectively towards mitigating health risks for the rural elderly. The program has shown promising influence in promoting healthier aging among Chinese rural seniors. This insurance seems to contribute more significantly to seniors in eastern areas and further enhances their physical health through better medical services and life satisfaction.
A brain-computer interface using vibrotactile neurofeedback has been tested with promising results in tackling chronic pain. Patients participating in the pilot study showed significant declines in pain severity without any adverse events. The correlation between pain relief and frontal theta modulation suggests the potential of the vibrotactile interface system.
In another study, spatial visual imagery (SVI) based electroencephalograph was used to build a more intuitive interaction mode for Computer-Aided Design (CAD). This study demonstrated the potential of a brain-computer interface in improving CAD operations, making the process more intuitive by translating brain signals to movement.
In conclusion, these advancements in human enhancement science promise to revolutionize how we approach health, aging, medical treatment, and even interaction with technology. From exploring the potential of prescription stimulants and insurance accessibility to the elderly, to pioneering research into spiritual influence on longevity and brain-computer interfaces for treating chronic pain or enabling intuitive interaction with CAD, we stride closer towards a future where we can overcome current human limitations.
In the journey towards a fulfilling and active life, the health of our joints and bones plays a pivotal role. Thrivous Tenacity Arthroprotector is not just a supplement, but a comprehensive solution designed for individuals who value their mobility and overall vitality. By blending scientifically proven ingredients with a steadfast commitment to quality and transparency, Tenacity offers a proactive approach to maintaining skeletal system health, starting well before the signs of aging become apparent.
Here's why Tenacity is the ultimate supplement for enhancing joint and bone function, and why an early start is crucial for long-term health.
Premium IngredientsTenacity is crafted with an unparalleled blend of components known for their effectiveness in enhancing joint and bone health:
- ApresFlex® Boswellia Serrata: Promotes joint flexibility and mobility by soothing physical stress responses.
- S-Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe): Aids in the development and maintenance of cartilage for smoother joint function.
- Turmeric Curcumin with Black Pepper: Enhances joint comfort by promoting a balanced response to physical stress.
- Vitamin D3: Supports bone strength by facilitating the body's calcium absorption.
- Vitamin K1 and K2 MK7: Ensures healthy bone density through effective calcium use.
Thrivous DifferenceRooted in Science: Each ingredient in Tenacity is chosen based on solid scientific evidence, ensuring that you're investing in a supplement that truly enhances your health.
Uncompromising Quality: Manufactured in FDA-audited GMP-certified facilities, Tenacity adheres to the highest standards of quality, ensuring each batch is potent and pure.
Transparent Practices: Thrivous champions transparency, providing detailed information about the research, sourcing, and quality control behind Tenacity. This openness builds trust and empowers customers to make informed decisions about their health.
With Thrivous Tenacity Arthroprotector, you can have confidence. It's not an experiment, and it's not placebo dust. It's not an unidentified substance from a lying supplier that no one really tested. If you're a thrill seeker that wants those risks, there are plenty of other options on the market.
Seriously, have you ever seen a certificate of analysis for any other supplements that you've used? How do you know that they're actually providing what you want, and what you've paid for? You just trust them? In our experience, that's often a mistake.
Importance of an Early StartPreventative Care: Incorporating Tenacity into your health regimen before the onset of aging symptoms can help maintain joint flexibility and bone density, significantly reducing future risks.
Cumulative Benefits: Early intervention supports the body's natural maintenance processes, leading to sustained health and reduced likelihood of age-related decline.
Enhanced Life Quality: Proactive joint and bone health management ensures that you can continue enjoying physical activities, contributing to a more active and fulfilling lifestyle.
Choosing Thrivous Tenacity Arthroprotector is more than a health decision. It's a commitment to living your best life at every age. It's about ensuring that your future self has the same opportunities for mobility, independence, and activity that you enjoy today. By prioritizing your skeletal health now, you're paving the way for a vibrant future.
Take Control with ThrivousThrivous Tenacity Arthroprotector represents a forward-thinking approach to health, combining the best of science, quality, and transparency to support your journey towards optimal joint and bone health. It's an invitation to take proactive steps today for a healthier tomorrow.
Discover the benefits of starting early with Thrivous Tenacity Arthroprotector and embrace a proactive approach to your health. Learn more about this exceptional supplement and how it can be an integral part of your health strategy. Begin your journey toward a dynamic and active future with Tenacity, and thrive at every stage of life.
We are living at a time when technology brings new hope to confront diseases like Alzheimer's as well as the aging process itself. Recent news in human enhancement has showcased how researchers are smartly using technology to understand the brain better and potentially supercharge its performance. Today, let's examine four news pieces that are doing just that.
The first fascinating breakthrough involves repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), a radical therapy for Alzheimer's disease. This brain-modifying therapy boosts cognitive function by changing neural networks. Using electroencephalography (EEG), scientists can track cognitive effects and brain changes in real-time. By stimulating the left parietal area of the brain, researchers noted that rTMS led to improved brain activities in Alzheimer's patients. Follow up on this exciting research by visiting on rTMS on Alzheimer's treatment.
Meanwhile, another study has discovered that the process of mitophagy, the degradation of mitochondria, could counter inflammation associated with aging. Mitochondrial degeneration increases with age, leading to inflammation and reduced organ function. By promoting mitophagy, possible inflammation and age-related deterioration of organs can be managed. Explore this thrilling study at mitophagy and aging.
The third study brings hope for those affected by Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer's is associated with changes in the brain's electrical signals. Stimulating the brain with 40Hz light has shown promise as a potential therapy for AD. However, the usual method causes discomfort because of obvious flicker, so researchers have explored the use of different combinations of colors, such as blue, cyan, green, lime, amber, and red, to create a less discernible flicker. For more insights, check out brain stimulation with 40Hz light.
Last but not least, an open dataset has been created for analyzing brain activation in stroke patients. The brain-computer interface technology allows direct communication with the brain, helping in patient rehabilitation. The dataset, taken from acute stroke patients while they were imagining movements, opens up new pathways for algorithm optimization and broader clinical applications. Visit the link for the brain-computer interface in acute stroke patients.
In conclusion, we are moving towards an era where human enhancement is no longer just fiction. The cutting-edge research on Alzheimer's treatments using rTMs, managing aging with mitophagy, using light therapy to treat AD, and employing brain-computer interface technology for stroke patient rehabilitation showcases the endless possibilities of the human mind when enhanced and healed with the help of technology. Stay tuned for the future where we hope to live beyond present notions of aging and death, thriving in superhuman vitality and intelligence.
Are you ready to take your workouts to the next level? Imagine a pre-workout supplement that not only energizes you but also sharpens your focus and enhances your overall exercise experience. That's exactly what Thrivous Surge Acute Nootropic offers.
The Power TrioCaffeine: The Natural Energizer
Caffeine is more than just a morning wake-up call. It's a powerful stimulant that can give your workout an extra edge. By increasing alertness and reducing the feeling of effort during exercise, caffeine helps you push harder and achieve more.
L-Theanine: The Focus Enhancer
L-theanine, often found in green tea, works in harmony with caffeine. It smooths out the energy boost, preventing jitters and promoting a more focused and calm state of mind. This means you can enjoy the energizing benefits of caffeine without the usual side effects.
Panax Ginseng: The Endurance Booster
Panax ginseng is an ancient herb known for its ability to increase stamina and reduce fatigue. It's the perfect complement to caffeine and L-theanine, helping you sustain longer and more effective workouts.
Ideal Pre-Workout Companion1. Clinically Tested Ingredients: Each component in Thrivous Surge has been rigorously tested and chosen for its proven effects on energy, focus, and endurance. 2. Balanced and Synergistic Formula: The combination of caffeine, L-theanine, and panax ginseng creates a balanced synergy, enhancing each ingredient's positive effects while minimizing any potential downsides. 3. Sustained Energy and Focus: Unlike other pre-workout supplements that might give you a quick spike of energy followed by a crash, Thrivous Surge provides a sustained energy boost that keeps you focused and alert throughout your workout. 4. Natural and Safe: We believe in transparency and safety. That's why Thrivous Surge is composed of natural ingredients with a proven safety profile.
Did You Say Science?Yes. Yes we did. And we mean it. Thrivous Surge Acute Nootropic is human enhancement technology, as packed with science as it is with clinical doses of quality ingredients.
If you're subscribed to the Thrivous newsletter, you've seen the science. But it doesn't hurt to have reminders from time to time. So here, again, are summaries of some of the latest clinical studies related to the ingredients in Thrivous Surge:
- Optimal Caffeine Dosage for CrossFit
- Enhance Precision and Alertness with This Supplement Combo
- Maximize Volleyball Performance with Caffeine
- This Supplement Enhances Taekwondo Performance
- Low Doses of This Supplement Improve Jump Performance
And that's just a sample. If you want more, check out the summary of clinical studies related to Thrivous Surge.
Experience the Thrivous WorkoutWhether you're a seasoned athlete or just starting your fitness journey, Thrivous Surge Acute Nootropic is designed to support your goals. It's more than just a pre-workout supplement; it's a way to unlock your true potential.
Energize your body, focus your mind, and boost your endurance. Try Thrivous Surge today and feel the difference in your workout performance. Let's conquer those fitness goals together!
Recent advances in technology and research are presenting innovative opportunities for human enhancement. These strides are pushing us closer towards a future of extended health span and reduced disease. The news we bring to you today is symptomatic of this exciting development, revealing new ways to extend human lifespan by identifying novel compounds, aiding in stroke rehabilitation using brain-computer interfaces, improving gait rehabilitation with powered hip exoskeletons, slowing down aging on a cellular level, and helping paralyzed people gain better control over their motor abilities.
Researchers have recently developed a high-throughput screening method, PICLS with human cells, that aids in identifying compounds capable of extending human lifespan. This method has the potential to confront age-related diseases through gerontology research that focuses on the lifespan and health span gap. Notably, this study identified three compounds that successfully extended the longevity of human cells. Learn more about this breakthrough in human lifespan enhancement.
In another development, a pilot trial has been conducted to examine the effectiveness of Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) training, combined with functional electrical stimulation (FES), as a rehabilitation technique for patients with severe upper limb paresis following stroke. Though the study revealed mixed results, it emphasized the potential of BCIs in improving rehabilitation outcomes in patients with the preserved cortical-spinal tract (CST) integrity. Click here to understand more about this cutting-edge stroke rehabilitation method.
To enhance gait rehabilitation, researchers have been exploring powered single hip joint exoskeletons. A systematic review revealed that these robotic aids can improve specific gait measures and decrease oxygen consumption in patients, which implies better efficiency in movement. However, the researchers stressed the need for more rigorous trials to verify the full range of clinical outcomes. Find out more about the possibilities of powered hip joint exoskeletons.
In a different body organ but still within the sphere of anti-aging research, scientists set out to understand the potential of the drug Trametinib in slowing down aging. Using Trametinib, they managed to reduce intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation, tumor formation, tissue dysplasia, and barrier disruption in aged fruit flies. While the effects in humans are yet to be proven, these findings underpin the potential of pharmacological therapies to counteract aging at the cellular level. Discover more about this significant step in anti-aging endeavors.
Addressing the needs of those with severe motor disabilities, researchers are exploring how auditory Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCI) can restore a "yes-no" communication code for non-responding individuals. Although success was limited with patients, it represented progress towards more effective BCIs for those with severe motor limitations. Read more on this auditory BCI development.
In further explorations in brain-computer interfaces, researchers have used recurrent neural networks to enable brain control of bimanual movement. This capability permits individuals to control two computer cursors simultaneously, opening gates for enhanced functionality for people with paralysis. Learn more about this fascinating breakthrough in brain-computer interface technology.
In summary, technological innovations and scientific investigations continue to revolutionize the realm of human enhancement. From discovering lifespan-extending compounds to developing novel brain-computer interfaces, we're standing at the cusp of a future where superhuman vitality and intelligence could be our new normal. The narrative that evolves from these news items is not only intriguing but substantially hopeful, driving us closer to a world beyond the current boundaries of aging, disease, and limitations.
Caffeine is more than just a morning wake-up call. For athletes, especially in high-intensity sports like CrossFit, it's a proven ally in boosting performance. An intriguing new study dives deep into the effects of varying caffeine doses on CrossFit performance, offering new insights for athletes seeking that extra edge.
The study focused on three different caffeine doses (3, 6, and 9 mg/kg body mass) administered to moderately trained CrossFit athletes. This double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design was meticulous, ensuring each participant experienced all caffeine levels and a placebo, eliminating bias. The unique aspect? It also considered genetic factors (CYP1A2 and ADORA2A genotypes) that could influence caffeine's effectiveness.
Here's where it gets interesting: the study found no significant differences in CrossFit performance, reaction time, or postural stability among the different caffeine doses. However, a "clinically notable" improvement was observed at the medium dose (6 mg/kg). This suggests that while caffeine benefits are clear, more isn't always better. The study's thoroughness extends to measuring the heart rate, perceived exertion, and lactate levels, adding depth to its findings.
For CrossFit enthusiasts and athletes, the takeaway is clear: a medium caffeine dose (around 6 mg/kg) could be your sweet spot for enhanced performance. It's not just about pumping more caffeine into your system. It's about finding the right balance that works for you, considering your training intensity and personal caffeine tolerance.
Thrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of caffeine, as well as complementary nutrients to make caffeine more effective and reduce its side effects. As implied by this study, Thrivous Surge may improve CrossFit performance. Surge Acute Nootropic is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Welcome to the latest roundup of human enhancement news. We're sharing exciting breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, robotics, and longevity research that could significantly impact how we live, work, and age, lending support to the vision of a world that transcends current notions of aging and mortality.
Starting on a high note, recent research has focused on leveraging deep learning algorithms to accurately classify P300 signals, neurological biomarkers important in studying cognitive functions in neurological disorders. Although classical machine learning methods have proven effective, deep learning methods promise more generalizability and less need for subject-specific training in clinical settings.
In another exploration into delaying aging, a study has found that the gene OXR1 could play a vital role in maintaining brain health and longevity under dietary restriction, highlighting its potential use in age-relayed neurological disease treatments.
Shifting gears from delaying aging to enhancing lifespan, another study has shown how the natural compound icariin can enhance health and extend lifespan by inducing a hormetic response, namely, a beneficial response to mild stress.
In the field of robotics, researchers strive to improve the wearability of orthoses, devices that augment movement, by minimizing human-robot interface misalignments. They have developed three different designs of ankle-foot orthoses, and trials showed that a frontal shin guard design resulted in reduced misalignment and pressure at the human-robot interface, along with improved comfort and slight changes in walking motions.
Mapping this development to the realm of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), a prototype wearable brain-controlled robot, Spot, was successfully developed to provide assistance in daily tasks such as fetching water, demonstrating the potential of BCIs in creating personal robotic assistants.
Moving towards limb prosthetics, the LIBRA NeuroLimb is a significant leap forward. This prosthesis for transhumeral amputations combines signals from electromyography and electroencephalography for real-time control, and initial tests indicate potential improvements in daily activities for users.
Last but not least, an experimental study compared the efficiency of fully passive, fully active, and active-passive shoulder exoskeletons for lifting tasks. The results showed that active-passive exoskeletons significantly improved users' stamina during lifting tasks and suggested the need for more development to make wearables better fitting for women.
In summary, researchers continue to make groundbreaking strides in the fields of artificial intelligence, robotics, and longevity research, laying the foundations for a future where human enhancement is more than science fiction. Their work brings us closer to a world where aging and mortality as we know it may become obsolete, and superhuman vitality and intelligence become the norm.
Sport and exercise nutrition is evolving rapidly, with fruit-derived polyphenol supplements emerging as a key area of interest. Among these, anthocyanin, found in blueberries and blackcurrants, stands out due to its notable antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and vasoactive properties.
Anthocyanin has shown promising results in enhancing exercise recovery and performance. However, the effects of acute anthocyanin intake on exercise performance has not been fully explored. This article delves into a recent study examining the acute effects of a high dose of anthocyanin on cycling performance.
Acute Effects of New Zealand Blackcurrant Extract on Cycling Time-Trial Are Performance Dependent in Endurance-Trained Cyclists: A Home-Based Study
Study DesignThis innovative study used a home-based approach. Participants, consisting of 34 endurance-trained male and female cyclists, were required to have access to a cycling turbo-trainer and an online cycling platform. The study adopted a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover design.
Over four morning sessions, participants engaged in a 16.1 km cycling time trial after consuming either 900 mg of a fruit extract supplement or a placebo. The supplement contained a significant amount of anthocyanin. The study uniquely considered factors such as diet standardization, menstrual cycle symptoms for female participants, and cycling experience.
Study ResultsThe findings were intriguing. Overall, acute intake of the anthocyanin-rich supplement did not significantly enhance the 16.1 km time-trial performance for the entire cohort. However, when analyzing the data based on individual cycling speeds, a notable effect emerged in the slower cyclists.
Slower cyclists demonstrated improved performance with the supplement, indicated by faster completion times and higher power and speed profiles, particularly in the later stages of the trial. In contrast, faster cyclists did not exhibit such improvements. These results suggest a potential benefit of acute anthocyanin intake for high-intensity endurance performance in slower cyclists.
RecommendationThe study offers valuable insights into the acute effects of anthocyanin-rich supplements on exercise performance. It suggests that while the overall impact on a diverse group of athletes might be limited, specific subgroups, such as slower cyclists, could significantly benefit from such supplementation.
This finding opens up new avenues for personalized nutrition strategies in sports. However, it also underscores the need for further research to understand the underlying mechanisms and to determine if these effects are consistent across different types of athletes and exercise modalities.
For athletes and fitness enthusiasts looking to enhance performance, particularly those at a beginner or intermediate level, considering an anthocyanin-rich supplement could be a worthwhile experiment. However, they should do so with an understanding of the nuances and limitations of current research.
Thrivous VitalityThrivous develops Vitality Geroprotector to enhance cellular and metabolic function for healthy aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of blueberry extract standardized for anthocyanin. As indicated by this study, Vitality may enhance cycling performance and improve physical performance in similar activities. Vitality Geroprotector is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Vitamin B12, or cobalamin, is essential for key biological processes. It is involved in converting homocysteine to methionine, an amino acid vital for protein synthesis and various physiological functions. Vitamin B12 also aids in generating S-adenosylmethionine, which influences gene expression and metabolism.
Vitamin B12 deficiency is common among the elderly and those on vegan or vegetarian diets without supplements. Insufficiency also affects an unknown greater percentage of the population. Either situation can lead to accelerated biological aging.
A new study examined the relationship between serum Vitamin B12 levels and biomarkers related to biological aging:
Higher circulating vitamin B12 is associated with lower levels of inflammatory markers in individuals at high cardiovascular risk and in naturally aged mice
Te foundation of this study was a clinical trial that investigated the Mediterranean diet and its health impacts. Over 7,000 were part of the trial. This new study focused on 136 participants, particularly on their serum Vitamin B12 levels and the association with biomarkers including C-reactive protein (CRP). Complementary studies on naturally aged mice were conducted to strengthen the human study findings.
Study ResultsThe study observed an inverse relationship between serum Vitamin B12 levels and CRP in humans. Higher levels of vitamin B12 were linked to lower levels of this biomarker. Similar results were observed in the mouse model.
CRP relates significantly to biological aging. Biological aging, unlike chronological aging, reflects the physiological state of an organism and can be faster or slower than time lived. CRP is one of the biomarkers commonly used to calculate biological age by algorithms such as PhenoAge.
Elevated levels of CRP often indicate increased biological aging. CRP is associated with biological processes that impact cellular health, DNA repair, and systemic resilience. Understanding and managing CRP levels through dietary interventions, like adequate Vitamin B12 intake, could be crucial in slowing biological aging and promoting longevity.
Given the role of Vitamin B12 in potentially influencing biological aging through CRP management, it's vital to ensure sufficient intake. This study advocates for more research into Vitamin B12's mechanisms and clinical applications, particularly in aging populations. Adopting a balanced diet like the Mediterranean diet, which provides adequate vitamin B12, might be a practical approach to managing CRP and, consequently, mitigating the rate of biological aging.
Thrivous ClarityThrivous develops Clarity Daily Nootropic to enhance memory and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Vitamin B12, along with complementary nutrients. As indicated by this study, Clarity may also help manage CRP levels and decrease the rate of biological aging. Clarity Daily Nootropic is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Curling, a sport combining physical prowess and strategic acumen, demands more than just skill and strength. It's a game of precision, coordination, and cognitive sharpness. As curling gains global traction, athletes seek supplements to boost their performance, particularly in cognitive aspects and precision in shots.
A pioneering study examined the effects of Caffeine and L Theanine supplements, both individually and combined, on the cognitive and shooting performance of elite curling athletes.
Effect of single or combined caffeine and L-Theanine supplementation on shooting and cognitive performance in elite curling athletes: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Study DesignThe study was a meticulously designed double-blind, randomized, crossover trial involving twenty-two elite national curling athletes. Ensuring reliability, the experiment spanned over five sessions, testing supplements like Caffeine, L Theanine, their combination, and a placebo. The testing protocol included rigorous neuropsychological assessments, such as the Stroop test, and practical curling shots (Guard, Draw, Take-out) to gauge the impact of these supplements on both cognitive and physical aspects of curling.
Study ResultsThe findings were revelatory. The combined intake of L Theanine and Caffeine significantly outperformed placebo in enhancing athletes' performance in all shot styles. While individual Caffeine and L Theanine intakes showed improvements in guard and draw shots, the most notable difference was seen in the take-out shots.
The Stroop test results echoed these findings, with the combination of both supplements leading to quicker reaction times and lower error rates, thereby indicating enhanced cognitive performance. This comprehensive analysis underscores the synergistic effects of L Theanine and Caffeine in boosting both physical precision and cognitive alertness in curling.
In light of these findings, sports scientists and nutritionists can confidently recommend the combined use of Caffeine and L Theanine for sports where precision and cognitive acuity, like in curling and archery, are crucial. This study not only opens new avenues in sports nutrition but also reinforces the idea of targeted nutritional interventions for specific athletic needs. For curling athletes aiming to optimize their performance, this combination of supplements could be a game-changer.
Thrivous SurgeThrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Caffeine and L Theanine, as well as complementary nutrients. As indicated by this study, Surge may enhance physical and cognitive performance. Surge Acute Nootropic is available to purchase online now from the Thrivous store.
In the dynamic world of sports, volleyball stands out as a game of energy, precision, and agility. With its growing popularity and the intense competition at events like the Olympic Games, World League, and national leagues, the focus on enhancing player performance has never been greater.
Among the myriad of strategies to boost athletic prowess, one surprisingly accessible tool is gaining attention: caffeine. This article delves into a new study that reveals the significant impact of caffeine on volleyball players' skills and physical abilities.
Effects of Different Doses of Caffeine Supplementation on Collegiate Male Volleyball Players’ Specific Performance and Skills: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Study
Study DesignThe study brought together 15 seasoned male volleyball players. Using a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover design, the study aimed to assess the effects of different caffeine doses on players' physical and skill-based performance.
Participants were split into three groups: one receiving a placebo, another low-dose caffeine (3 mg/kg body weight), and the third high-dose caffeine (6 mg/kg body weight). The players were then put through a series of tests to measure their agility, jumping ability, handgrip strength, and volleyball-specific skills like attacking and serving.
Study ResultsThe study results were eye-opening:
- Enhanced Attack Skill: Players exhibited improved attack skills with both low and high caffeine doses.
- Boosted Agility and Jumping Ability: A significant improvement in agility and Sargent's Jump test scores was observed with the high caffeine dose.
- Superior Serving Skills: Serving skills showed marked improvement with a higher dose of caffeine.
- No Impact on Handgrip Strength and Upper-Body Power: Interestingly, caffeine intake did not affect handgrip strength, upper-body explosive power, or hand movement speed.
The study aligns with previous research, consistently highlighting caffeine's positive influence on agility and vertical jump performance in sports. The secret lies in caffeine's ability to enhance the central nervous system and muscle activation. This not only boosts a player's explosive power and quick directional changes but also sharpens complex skills like serving and attacking in volleyball.
A crucial takeaway from the study is the dosage. While both low and high doses of caffeine improved attack skills, the more significant enhancements in agility, jumping, and serving were noted with the higher dose (6 mg/kg body weight). This suggests that while a moderate intake of caffeine can provide benefits, a higher dose might be the key to unlocking peak physical performance in volleyball.
For volleyball players looking to enhance their game, caffeine emerges as a promising aid. The study recommends a caffeine dose ranging from 3 to 6 mg/kg, which can elevate jumping, agility, and spike and serve accuracy without adverse effects on grip strength or upper-body power. However, it's crucial to tailor the intake based on individual tolerance and health conditions.
Thrivous SurgeThrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of caffeine, as well as complementary nutrients, such as L-theanine, which mitigates the risk of jitters from caffeine. As indicated by this study, Surge may enhance volleyball performance. Surge Acute Nootropic is available to purchase online now in the Thrivous store.
Aging is an enigma that has captivated humanity throughout history. It's a pervasive biological phenomenon, characterized by a gradual decline in physical and cognitive functions, leading to increased susceptibility to disease and death. Despite our familiarity with aging, the process has remained a mystery, inspiring a relentless quest to understand and potentially control it.
Enter the world of geroprotectors. These are substances or interventions that aim to extend lifespan and improve healthspan — the period of life spent in good health — by slowing down the aging process. Geroprotectors are not necessarily about seeking immortality but primarily about enhancing the quality of life for more extended periods of time.
In this article, we will delve into the concept of geroprotectors. We will explore their history, the science behind them, their potential impact, and the challenges and ethical considerations they present. Beyond current trends or recent discoveries, we will provide a timeless understanding of geroprotectors and their evolving role in our ongoing quest to decipher and delay aging.
History of GeroprotectorsThe quest for longevity is as old as human civilization itself. Throughout history, cultures around the world have been fascinated with the idea of extending life and defying aging. Ancient myths and legends often depicted gods and mythical beings possessing the secret to eternal youth. The search for the mythical "Fountain of Youth" is a testament to this age-old fascination.
As we transitioned from myth to science, the pursuit of longevity took on new forms. The evolution of geroprotectors is a relatively recent chapter in this long history.
Geroprotectors, as a concept, emerged from the scientific understanding that certain substances could potentially slow the aging process and improve healthspan. This idea was not without historical precedent. For instance, traditional Chinese medicine and Ayurveda have long utilized natural compounds with purported life-extending properties.
In the modern era, the development of geroprotectors is driven by a deeper understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging. These efforts are underpinned by a blend of ancient wisdom and contemporary scientific research.
Philosophically and culturally, the pursuit of longevity and the development of geroprotectors raise profound questions. Cultures around the world have different perspectives on aging and the desirability of extending life. Some view aging as a natural and dignified part of life, while others see it as a challenge to be overcome. The development of geroprotectors sits at the intersection of these varied viewpoints, prompting a re-examination of our relationship with aging and mortality.
The history and evolution of geroprotectors reflect a continuum from ancient lore to modern science, intertwined with deep cultural and philosophical undercurrents. As we continue to explore and develop these substances, we also navigate the complex web of human beliefs, hopes, and ethical considerations that have always surrounded the quest for a longer, healthier life.
Aging ProcessesTo appreciate the potential of geroprotectors, it's crucial to understand the fundamental principles of aging at the cellular and molecular levels. Aging is not just a superficial change in appearance. It's a complex biological process involving a multitude of factors at the cellular level.
One key aspect of aging is cellular senescence, a state where cells stop dividing and undergo significant changes in function and morphology. This process is often a response to DNA damage. As cells accumulate genetic damage over time, due to factors like environmental stress and normal metabolic processes, they may enter a senescent state as a protective measure against cancerous growth. However, these senescent cells can contribute to aging by secreting harmful substances that damage nearby cells and tissues.
Another critical factor in aging is oxidative stress. This occurs when there's an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (free radicals) and the body's ability to detoxify these harmful compounds. Oxidative stress can damage proteins, lipids, and DNA, leading to impaired cell function. Mitochondria, the energy-producing organelles in cells, are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage, which further exacerbates the aging process.
Understanding these processes provides the theoretical foundation for the development of geroprotectors. The goal of geroprotectors is to target these underlying mechanisms of aging. By reducing cellular senescence, repairing DNA damage, mitigating oxidative stress, and improving mitochondrial function, geroprotectors could theoretically slow the aging process and improve healthspan.
In essence, the aging process is a complex interplay of various cellular and molecular phenomena. Geroprotectors aim to intervene in this intricate process, offering the promise of a healthier, more vibrant old age. As we delve deeper into the mechanisms of aging, our perception of the potential of geroprotectors continues to evolve, standing at the forefront of our ongoing quest to understand and potentially delay the biological clock.
Geroprotector ExamplesThe realm of geroprotectors is diverse, encompassing a wide range of substances and interventions. These can be broadly categorized into supplements, pharmaceuticals, and dietary interventions. Each category offers unique mechanisms of action and theoretical benefits, contributing to the multifaceted approach required in aging research.
Supplements
This category includes antioxidants, vitamins, and other substances found in nature that may have geroprotective effects. For example, anthocyanin, a compound found in blueberries, has been studied for its potential to protect DNA against the effects of aging. Similarly, curcumin, derived from turmeric, is being investigated for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which could play a role in mitigating age-related decline. For more examples, see our list of 22 real anti-aging supplements.
Pharmaceuticals
These are synthetic or semi-synthetic compounds specifically designed or repurposed to target aging processes. Metformin, a drug traditionally used to treat type 2 diabetes, has garnered interest for its potential to extend lifespan by improving insulin sensitivity and reducing inflammation. Another example is rapamycin, initially developed as an immunosuppressant, which has shown promise in extending the lifespan of various organisms by inhibiting a key cellular growth pathway.
Dietary Interventions
Diet plays a crucial role in aging and longevity. Interventions like calorie restriction, intermittent fasting, and specific dietary patterns (such as the Mediterranean diet) have been associated with longer lifespans in various studies. These dietary approaches are thought to work by reducing metabolic stress on the body, thereby potentially slowing down aging processes.
Geroprotector ChallengesDespite the promise these geroprotectors hold, translating their theoretical benefits into practical, real-world outcomes remains a significant challenge. There are several reasons for this:
- Complexity of Aging: Aging is a multifaceted process influenced by a myriad of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. This complexity makes it difficult to isolate the effects of specific geroprotectors.
- Long-term Studies: Researching aging requires long-term studies, often spanning several years or even decades, to accurately assess the impact of geroprotectors on lifespan and healthspan.
- Individual Variability: There is considerable individual variability in how people age and respond to geroprotectors. This variability necessitates personalized approaches to geroprotection.
Geroprotectors represent a broad and promising field in the quest to understand and potentially delay aging. However, the complexity of aging and the challenges associated with research in this area underscore the need for continued, rigorous scientific investigation to translate theory into effective aging interventions.
Ethics of GeroprotectorsThe exploration of geroprotectors goes beyond the realm of biology and enters the domain of ethics, society, and philosophy. The prospect of extending human lifespan significantly raises complex questions and debates.
The development and use of geroprotectors pose ethical challenges. Key among these is the question of access and equity. If effective life-extending therapies become available, who will have access to them? There's a concern that such therapies could exacerbate social inequalities if only available to the wealthy. Additionally, there are concerns about the implications for overpopulation and resource consumption if large numbers of people live significantly longer lives.
A longer-lived population could have profound implications for society and economy. It could alter the dynamics of the workforce, retirement, and intergenerational relationships. The potential strain on healthcare systems and pension funds is also a critical concern. On the other hand, a healthier, longer-lived population could contribute to society for more extended periods, potentially leading to increased productivity and innovation.
Philosophically, the quest to delay aging prompts us to reconsider our understanding of aging itself. Is aging a disease to be combated, or is it a natural, perhaps even essential, part of the human experience? Furthermore, it raises questions about the nature of a good life. What does it mean to age well? How do notions of personal fulfillment and societal contribution evolve if our lifespan is significantly extended?
The pursuit of geroprotectors is not just a scientific endeavor but also a journey that touches upon deep ethical, social, and philosophical questions. These considerations remind us that the quest to understand and potentially delay aging is as much about our values, choices, and society as it is about our biology. As we advance in this field, it becomes increasingly important to engage in a broad, inclusive dialogue that addresses these multifaceted concerns, ensuring that the journey towards understanding and managing aging is pursued responsibly and equitably.
Geroprotector ResearchThe research into geroprotectors is characterized by its evolutionary and iterative nature. It's a field that continuously adapts and grows with each scientific advancement, integrating new knowledge and technologies to deepen our understanding of aging and how to potentially delay it.
The study of geroprotectors is not linear but cyclical. It involves hypothesizing, testing, observing, and then refining these hypotheses based on new evidence. As our understanding of the biological mechanisms of aging becomes more sophisticated, so too does our approach to developing and testing geroprotectors. This iterative process ensures that geroprotector research remains dynamic and responsive to new discoveries.
Advances in technology have significantly accelerated aging research. High-throughput screening methods, for instance, allow researchers to rapidly test thousands of compounds for anti-aging effects. Genomic technologies like CRISPR have opened new avenues for understanding the genetic basis of aging and identifying potential targets for geroprotectors. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are increasingly used to analyze vast datasets, predicting new geroprotector candidates and modeling their potential impacts on aging.
Aging is a complex process that intersects various fields of study. As such, geroprotector research benefits immensely from a multidisciplinary approach. Collaboration among biologists, geneticists, pharmacologists, nutritionists, and data scientists, among others, is crucial. This convergence of disciplines fosters a holistic understanding of aging, enabling the development of more effective and targeted geroprotectors.
Geroprotector research is an ever-evolving field, deeply intertwined with the latest scientific advancements and cross-disciplinary collaborations. Its timeless nature lies in its continuous adaptation and growth, reflecting the ongoing quest to understand and possibly delay the aging process. As we embrace new technologies and foster multidisciplinary partnerships, the potential for significant breakthroughs in extending healthspan becomes increasingly tangible.
Realistic ExpectationsIn the field of geroprotectors and anti-aging research, it is crucial to balance optimism with scientific realism. While advancements in this area offer exciting possibilities, it is important to approach them with a critical and informed perspective.
The potential of geroprotectors to enhance healthspan and delay aging is an exciting prospect. However, it's essential to ground expectations in the current state of scientific understanding. Aging is an extraordinarily complex process, and while geroprotectors show promise, their ability to significantly extend human lifespan and healthspan is still being explored. Scientific realism necessitates acknowledging the challenges and limitations of current research while remaining open to future possibilities.
There are several misconceptions about aging and geroprotectors. One common oversimplification is the idea that a single "magic bullet" can reverse or stop aging. Aging involves a myriad of biological processes, and it's unlikely that one intervention could address all of them. Additionally, the portrayal of aging as merely a disease to be cured oversimplifies the biological, social, and philosophical dimensions of aging.
In navigating the field of geroprotectors, critical thinking is essential. This involves scrutinizing the methodology and findings of research studies, understanding the difference between correlation and causation, and being aware of the potential biases in research and reporting. Consumers and enthusiasts should be cautious of sensational claims and unproven therapies, focusing instead on evidence-based information.
The journey towards understanding and potentially manipulating the aging process requires a careful balance between hope and skepticism. By maintaining realistic expectations and a critical approach to evaluating research, we can better navigate the complexities and nuances of geroprotector research, avoiding the pitfalls of misconceptions and oversimplifications. This approach will not only aid in advancing scientific knowledge but also ensure that our pursuit of longevity is both responsible and informed.
ThrivousAt Thrivous, our mission is to help you access technology with the greatest potential to improve your brain and body. To that end, we develop high quality natural geroprotector supplements. They combine nutrients and doses with the best available scientific evidence for the greatest magnitudes of effect on important aspects of healthy life extension.
- Vitality Geroprotector enhances cellular and metabolic function for better aging. Each bottle provides a month supply (60 capsules) of Berberine with Milk Thistle, Mirtoselect® Blueberry Anthocyanin, and Coenzyme Q10.
- Omega Cardioprotector enhances heart function and circulation for better aging. Each bottle provides a month supply (60 capsules) of AvailOm® Omega 3 Lysine Complex, Garlic, Gotu Kola, and Oligopin® French Maritime Pine Bark.
- Tenacity Arthroprotector enhances joint and bone function for better aging. Each bottle provides a month supply (60 capsules) of ApresFlex® Boswellia Serrata, S Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe), Turmeric Curcumin, Vitamin D3, and Vitamin K2 MK7.
- Alpha Neuroprotector enhances brain and nerve function for better aging. Each bottle provides a month supply (120 capsules) of Acetyl L Carnitine (ALCAR), Alpha GPC, Ginkgo Biloba, R Alpha Lipoic Acid, and SerinAid® Phosphatidylserine.
The benefits of each of these supplements complements the others. So Thrivous also provides a combination stack at a discounted price:
- Geroprotector Stack includes Vitality, Omega, and Tenacity.
All Thrivous formulas are completely open source. The supplement facts panel on each label fully discloses all ingredients and amounts. And we publish all quality control test results from our suppliers, manufacturing, and third parties. This is an exceptional practice among supplement vendors.
Thrivous also provides a free biological age calculator based on the PhenoAge algorithm, as well as the Thrivous Clock service to collect aging biometrics. These services help our customer monitor trends in their health, and identify effective geroprotector interventions. Among Thrivous customers who have used all Thrivous geroprotectors daily for at least 4 years, biological ages average 10.21 years younger than chronological ages.
If you’re new to geroprotectors, Thrivous is an easy and dependable way to start. If you’ve used them for years, Thrivous is a convenient base on which to build your stack. Either way, our full line of geroprotectors is now available to you online in the Thrivous store.
As healthcare costs and medical insurance expenses continue to escalate, innovative approaches to reducing these costs are crucial. Vitamin D supplementation has emerged as a potential solution. A new study explores this possibility.
Healthcare Costs and Healthcare Utilization Outcomes of Vitamin D3 Supplementation at 5000 IU Daily during a 10.9 Month Observation Period within a Pragmatic Randomized Clinical Trial
Study DesignThe study was a randomized clinical trial focusing on healthcare workers. It evaluated the impact of daily intake of vitamin D3 on healthcare costs and utilization.
Participants were employees of an inner-city university hospital, with specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure a representative sample. The intervention group, which received vitamin D3 supplementation, and the control group comprised 196 and 1958 individuals, respectively.
Study ResultsAnalysis revealed no significant differences in healthcare costs between the groups. However, there were statistically significant reductions in healthcare utilization in the intervention group. This included lower rates of hospitalizations, ICU admissions, emergency room visits, and hospitalizations due to COVID-19.
The results align with previous studies indicating potential healthcare utilization reduction in groups with sufficient vitamin D levels. These findings underscore the importance of vitamin D sufficiency, particularly in reducing hospitalizations and emergency room visits.
Thrivous TenacityThrivous develops Tenacity Arthroprotector to enhance joint and bone function for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Vitamin D3, along with complementary nutrients. By helping to ensure adequate Vitamin D levels, Thrivous Tenacity may contribute to mitigating healthcare utilization, particularly in areas like hospital and emergency room visits, as indicated by this and similar studies.
As scientists continue to explore and understand the myriad benefits of Vitamin D supplementation, Thrivous remains committed to offering products that not only enhance health and longevity but also contribute to broader societal benefits like reduced healthcare utilization and costs. When we are each, personally, happier and healthier, the benefits extend throughout our communites.
In the ever-evolving landscape of human enhancement, recent strides in technology have brought us closer to significant improvements in our physical and cognitive abilities. However, as we stand on the cusp of these advancements, the call for ethical oversight has never been louder. A study published in Science emphasizes the need for a global framework to guide the ethical evolution of human enhancement technologies.
The excitement surrounding the potential of gene transfer technology to enhance phenotypic traits in humans is palpable. With dramatic advances since the early 1980s, we are now considering the practical uses of these technologies in everyday life. Yet the Third International Summit on Human Genome Editing highlighted growing concerns, deliberating on the future of genetic technologies like CRISPR and their implications for society.
The Pew Research Center reports a cautious optimism among Americans regarding human enhancement. While there is enthusiasm for the therapeutic benefits these advancements could bring, there is also a recognition of the profound shifts they could induce in human abilities. It's a delicate balance between the promise of better health and the ethical quandaries posed by such fundamental changes.
The development of new applications for internal body enhancements has underscored the necessity of rigorous clinical trials and safety studies. As we push the boundaries of what's possible, there's a growing consensus that new regulations and guidelines may be necessary to ensure the responsible progression of human enhancement research and development.
At Thrivous, we are at the forefront of advocacy for responsible innovation that enhances the human experience while safeguarding the ethical values that underpin our society. As we embrace the future of human enhancement, we remain committed to transparency, safety, and the well-being of all individuals who may benefit from these remarkable technologies. Thanks for your engagement with us in this ongoing and momentous conversation.
In a world constantly searching for natural ways to enhance cognitive abilities and overall health, a recent study shines a light on anthocyanins. These powerful plant compounds are not just what gives berries their vibrant hues — they could also be the key to unlocking improved cognitive function and eye health.
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of an Anthocyanin-Rich Functional Ingredient on Cognitive Function and Eye Dryness in Late Adulthood Volunteers: Roles of Epigenetic and Gut Microbiome Modulations
Study DesignThis study, conducted over eight weeks, was a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, the gold standard for clinical research. The focus was to assess the effects of anthocyanin-rich ingredients on memory enhancement and alleviation of eye dryness. The demographic was adults aged 45 to 65 with no significant underlying health conditions.
Participants were carefully selected based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure valid and reliable results. Three groups were formed: a placebo group and two groups receiving different doses of an anthocyanin-rich ingredient. Each group's treatment was calibrated to match in appearance, taste, and caloric content to maintain the study's integrity. The study's comprehensive approach included a battery of cognitive and physical health assessments before and after the intervention period.
Study ResultsThe results of the study are promising. Those who consumed the anthocyanin-enriched ingredient showed a significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure. More importantly, improvements were noted in the N100 and P300 brain wave amplitudes — indicators of cognitive function — particularly in the groups receiving anthocyanins compared to the placebo.
These findings suggest that anthocyanins may play a role in enhancing attention and memory quality. Such results are not only statistically significant but potentially life-changing for individuals seeking natural cognitive enhancements.
This study opens new doors in the realm of nutritional neuroscience, suggesting that the anthocyanins in our diets can be more than just a colorful addition to our plates; they can be a natural ally in our quest for a healthier, sharper mind and clearer vision.
Thrivous VitalityThrivous develops Vitality Geroprotector to enhance metabolic and cellular function for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of blueberry anthocyanin, as well as complementary nutrients. As indicated by this study, Vitality may enhance cognitive function and support eye health. Vitality Geroprotector is available to purchase now in the Thrivous online store.
Zinc is a mineral that does important things in our body, like helping with genes, brain function, and insulin. It's also linked to how our brain cells communicate. To keep our body in balance, our body has ways to control the amount of zinc.
When there's not enough zinc, it can cause problems like obesity, heart disease, and trouble thinking. Some studies found that people who are overweight don't have enough zinc. And taking zinc might help them lose weight. Zinc also helps with things like hormones and how our body uses fat.
Lack of zinc in overweight people can make them more prone to inflammation and problems in the brain, which can affect their thinking. Obesity is a risk for memory problems too.
Some research found that being overweight and having a big waist are linked to memory problems in older people. Taking zinc also improved memory in animals and people, and reduced inflammation.
Researchers designed a new study to check if giving zinc to middle-aged women who are overweight can enhance their cognitive parameters.
Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Inflammatory and Cognitive Parameters in Middle-Aged Women with Overweight or Obesity
Study DesignResearchers divided 42 volunteers randomly into two groups. One group received placebo capsules (no active ingredient), and the other group received zinc capsules for 12 weeks. The study excluded people with certain health conditions and those taking specific medications or supplements.
The participants received instructions and kits to help with data collection, including saliva samples, cognitive tests, and food diaries. The study took place during the COVID-19 pandemic, so they had to do a lot of this online.
After 12 weeks, they repeated the tests and collected more data. Researchers also analyzed the participants' saliva for various markers, including zinc levels.
The zinc supplements were prepared in a way that neither the participants nor the researchers knew who got the real zinc and who got the placebo until the end of the study. The cognitive tests included assessments of memory, attention, and other brain functions.
The data was analyzed using statistical methods to see if there were any significant differences between the zinc group and the placebo group in terms of their cognitive function and other health markers.
Study ResultsThe results of the study revealed several interesting findings. Firstly, the difference in body weight between the group that took zinc supplements and the placebo group was not significant enough to draw strong conclusions about the effect of zinc on weight loss. While the zinc group did experience a slight reduction in body weight, the overall impact was relatively minor.
However, when it came to cognitive function, the participants who took zinc supplements showed some promising results. They performed better on certain cognitive tests, including the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Stroop test. The zinc group also had better scores on a mood test. This suggests that zinc supplementation might have a positive influence on cognitive parameters.
Thrivous ClarityThrivous develops Clarity Daily Nootropic to enhance memory, mood, and focus. Each serving of Clarity provides a clinical dose of zinc, along with complementary nutrients. As suggested by this and other studies, Clarity may enhance cognitive parameters related to focus and mood. Clarity Daily Nootropic is available to purchase now in the Thrivous online store.
Caffeine is a performance enhancer in sports. It can benefit strength, endurance, and anaerobic power. However, responses to caffeine vary due to factors like sex and training status. And more research is needed in combat sports like taekwondo, to understand how caffeine affects different groups of athletes.
A new study describes how sex and competitive level affect performance changes with caffeine in taekwondo. Researchers hypothesized that male athletes would respond more favorably to caffeine, and elite athletes would gain a greater advantage from caffeine supplementation.
Acute effects of caffeine supplementation on taekwondo performance: the influence of competition level and sex
Study DesignThe study included 52 taekwondo athletes, both male and female. Researchers divided the athletes into elite (international level) and sub-elite (regional and national level) groups. The athletes were experienced in taekwondo and were not injured or restricted in any way during the study.
The study had three conditions for the athletes:
- Control with no treatment
- Caffeine ingestion
- Placebo substance without caffeine
The athletes didn't know which condition they were in. And they were tested in each condition after a standardized warm-up.
The tests involved taekwondo-specific agility, speed of kick, and ratings of perceived exertion. The study was double-blinded, meaning both the athletes and the researchers didn't know which condition the athletes were in to avoid bias.
The results were analyzed using statistical tests. The researchers wanted to see how caffeine affected the athletes' performance, and whether there were differences between elite and sub-elite athletes. They also wanted to see whethere there were differences between male and female athletes.
Study ResultsResearchers found that caffeine had a positive effect on both agility and kicking performance in young taekwondo athletes. Notably, the benefits of caffeine appeared to be influenced by both the athlete's sex and competitive level.
In terms of sex, the study showed that males generally outperformed females in all conditions (no treatment, caffeine, and placebo) when it came to agility and kicking performance. This was consistent across elite and sub-elite athletes. The results indicated that caffeine had a greater impact on males, resulting in superior performance compared to their female counterparts. These differences were attributed to the varying rates of caffeine metabolism between males and females, hormonal influences, and potential interactions with adenosine receptors.
When considering the competitive level, the study demonstrated that elite athletes, both male and female, experienced greater benefits from caffeine intake compared to sub-elite athletes. The magnitude of performance improvement following caffeine ingestion was more pronounced among elite female athletes than sub-elite females, especially in agility and kicking tests. Elite male athletes also showed substantial improvements when compared to sub-elite males. These findings suggest that caffeine's impact on performance is influenced not only by the athlete's sex but also by their competitive level.
Additionally, the study found that caffeine led to reduced rating of perceived exertion in elite male athletes when compared to control and placebo conditions. This reduction indicated that caffeine intake helped elite male athletes feel less fatigued during exercise.
In conclusion, the study highlights the potential benefits of caffeine for taekwondo athletes. The impact of caffeine on performance appears to be dependent on sex, with males generally experiencing greater improvements. Competitive level also plays a role, with elite athletes benefiting more from caffeine intake. These findings provide valuable insights for athletes and coaches in optimizing training strategies in taekwondo, taking into account the influence of caffeine, sex, and competitive level.
Thrivous SurgeThrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of caffeine, along with complementary nutrients. As indicated by this study, Surge may enhance performance in taekwondo and similar activities. Surge Acute Nootropic is now available to purchase online in the Thrivous store.
Fatigue is when you feel really tired and can't keep up your strength. It can happen because of brain or muscle demands and is related to neurological issues. There are two types of fatigue:
- Central fatigue is from too much physical load and stress
- Peripheral fatigue is from chemicals building up in your body during exercise
Fatigue affects more than half of people and can reduce their quality of life. But it's also a way your body protects itself.
When you exercise, your body uses a lot of energy. And, if it can't keep up, it breaks down chemicals to get more energy. But if too many of these chemicals build up, you get tired and perform worse.
One way to deal with fatigue is through diet and supplements. Certain vitamins, like the B vitamins, are really important for how your body makes and uses energy. If you don't get enough of these vitamins, it can cause problems.
In a new study, researchers wanted to see if taking a vitamin B complex supplement can help improve exercise performance and reduce fatigue. Their hypothesis was that these vitamins would help people use energy more efficiently. But apparently no one had studied this in relation to exercise before.
A functional evaluation of anti-fatigue and exercise performance improvement following vitamin B complex supplementation in healthy humans, a randomized double-blind trial
Study DesignResearchers had 32 healthy adults (16 men and 16 women), aged 20-30, participate in the study. They made sure these participants didn't smoke, have heart problems, high blood pressure, high BMI, metabolic issues, asthma, or sports injuries. They got the participants' consent, and made sure they kept their regular diets during the experiment without taking other supplements or alcohol.
The study lasted 28 days, with a 14-day break between two cycles. In one cycle, participants took either vitamin B complex or a placebo. Then they switched for the second cycle. The participants didn't do any exercise training during this time.
Researchers measured the participants' body composition, blood tests, and exercise capacity before and after each cycle of taking the supplement. They also had the participants record their diets to make sure it didn't affect the results.
They tested the participants' endurance by having them run on a treadmill until they were exhausted. They measured their oxygen uptake and heart rate during this test.
They also tested for fatigue indicators by having participants run at 60% of their maximum oxygen uptake for 30 minutes. They collected blood samples before, during, and after the exercise to check for indicators like lactate, ammonia, glucose, and creatine kinase.
Additionally, they measured the participants' body composition using a bioelectrical impedance analyzer. Finally, they conducted clinical blood tests to check for various health indicators.
Study ResultsResearchers found several positive outcomes for non-athletes who took the vitamin B complex supplement for 28 consecutive days. First and foremost, participants experienced a significant enhancement in their exercise endurance performance. They could exercise for a longer duration before experiencing fatigue, with the improvement being approximately 1.26-fold compared to their baseline measurements and the placebo group.
Another important finding was the reduction in fatigue-related metabolites during exercise. Lactate and blood ammonia, which are associated with muscle fatigue, were lower in participants taking the supplement. This suggests that the supplement helped decrease the production of these metabolites, contributing to better exercise performance.
Additionally, the study showed that the recovery of fatigue metabolites after exercise was accelerated in the supplement group during the rest period. This quicker recovery is valuable for post-exercise fatigue relief.
Importantly, the study noted that the supplement did not result in any adverse effects or health burdens for the participants. This indicates that the supplement was well-tolerated and safe.
In summary, the study's findings suggest that vitamin B complex can enhance exercise endurance, reduce fatigue-related metabolites, and facilitate faster recovery in non-athletes. These results may be of interest to individuals seeking to improve their exercise performance and overall fitness.
Thrivous ClarityThrivous develops Clarity Daily Nootropic to enhance memory and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of highly bioavailable vitamin B complex, along with complementary nutrients. As suggested by this study, Clarity may enhance exercise energy. Clarity Daily Nootropic is available for purchase now from the Thrivous online store.
Exercise is good for our health and can help us live longer and better. However, too much exercise, or a lack of physical activity, can create harmful substances called Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in our bodies. ROS can damage our cells.
Exercise can both increase and decrease ROS, depending on its intensity and type. And Vitamin D might help the body's defense against ROS. A new study tried to figure out if Vitamin D supplements can improve the body's ability to fight ROS after intense aerobic exercise.
The effect of short-term vitamin D on the antioxidant capacity following exhaustive aerobic exercise
Study Design
In this study, researchers aimed to determine the effects of Vitamin D supplements on non-athlete men aged 20 to 30 years, following exhaustive aerobic exercise. They received approval from an ethics committee and registered the trial with their local regulatory authority. Written consent was obtained from all participants.
Researchers initially invited 48 individuals to participate through social media platforms, ultimately selecting 26 subjects who met specific criteria. Criteria included having Vitamin D deficiency, being disease-free, engaging in regular physical activity, and not using supplements or smoking.
Participants were divided randomly into two groups. The experimental group received Vitamin D supplements. And the control group receiving a placebo. Both groups performed exhaustive aerobic exercise on a treadmill, with measurements taken before and after six weeks of intervention.
Blood samples were collected to assess enzyme activity related to oxidative stress. Statistical analysis was conducted to evaluate the impact of Vitamin D supplements on these measures.
Study Results
The study found that after doing intense aerobic exercise, both the group taking Vitamin D supplements and the control group showed an increase in antioxidant capacity, which helps protect the body from harmful substances. Compared to the placebo group, the Vitamin D group had a larger increase in some antioxidant enzymes after six weeks.
This suggests that short-term use of Vitamin D supplements can reduce oxidative stress caused by exercise, making it a good option for non-athletes to improve their antioxidant defenses. In simple terms, taking Vitamin D supplements may help protect the body from the negative effects of intense exercise.
Thrivous Tenacity
Thrivous develops Tenacity Arthroprotector to enhance joint and bone function for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Vitamin D, along with complementary nutrients. As indicated by this study, Tenacity may protect the body from negative effects of exercise. Thrivous Tenacity is available now in the Thrivous store online.
As we age, our bones can become weaker and more easily breakable, especially in the spine, hip, and wrist. This is particularly true for women as they reach menopause. Their bodies produce less estrogen, which may accelerate bone loss.
Blueberries are fruits rich in polyphenols such as anthocyanin, which can help bones. Studies on animals show that blueberries, even in small amounts, can prevent bone loss, improve bone strength, and encourage bone formation. These benefits might be linked to chemicals created when our bodies break down polyphenols in blueberries.
Researchers wanted to see if these benefits could apply to people too. After testing blueberry effects on rats, they decided to test lower doses on women to see if it would help them achieve better aging. The results of their study were published recently:
Study Design
The study consisted of two parts. The first was with rats. The second was with humans.
For the first part, researchers used female rats without ovaries. They gave the rats diets with different dosages of blueberry. Then they watched how this affected the calcium in the rats' bones and urine.
For the second part, researchers worked with postmenopausal women. They picked 35 women who were healthy. These women ate different dosages of blueberry for several weeks. Researchers checked the women's bones and urine to see how the blueberries were affecting them.
Finally, the researchers looked at the data from both the rat and human studies. And they calculated changes in bone health. As part of the calculation, they accounted for factors like bone density, which is how strong bones are.
Study Results
In the rat study, researchers observed that low and moderate dosages of blueberry increased the amount of calcium retained in bones, making bones healthier. However, the highest dosages of blueberry did not have the same positive effect on bone health.
In the human study, researchers found that the low and moderate dosages of blueberry improved bone health by increasing the amount of calcium retained in the bones. Interestingly, the high dosage of blueberry did not have the same positive impact on bone health. Some other markers related to bone health, like RANKL (a bone resorption marker) and P1NP (a bone formation marker) were also affected by the blueberry dosages.
The results suggest that consuming low to moderate dosages of blueberry may have a positive effect on bone health, but high doses might not provide additional benefits. The study also hinted at a possible interaction between the gut microbiota and the effects of blueberry on bones, which could explain the different responses to different dosages.
The dosages used in the study were 17.5 grams per day (low), 35 grams per day (medium), and 70 grams per day (high). The amount of anthocyanin in blueberries varies. However, these dosages may approximate dosages of anthocyanin at 86 mg per day (low), 172 mg per day (medium), and 344 mg per day (high).
Thrivous Vitality
Thrivous develops Vitality Geroprotector to enhance metabolic and cellular function for better aging. Each serving of Vitality provides a clinical dose (86 mg) of blueberry anthocyanin, along with complementary nutrients. Thus, as suggested by this study, Vitality may enhance bone function for better aging. Vitality Geroprotector is available online in the Thrivous store.
Scientists use different methods to study how nutrition affects the body during exercise. They look at things like metabolites and proteins. One type of metabolite called oxylipins play an important role in how nutrition and exercise work together. These oxylipins can either help with important processes in the body or cause problems like inflammation and disease.
Researchers have found that these oxylipins are connected to how our muscles react to exercise, including inflammation and stress. They did studies where people ate blueberries and saw that it helped reduce inflammation caused by exercise. Blueberries seem to have positive effects on these oxylipins.
Recently, researchers wanted to see if blueberries can also help regular people who aren't athletes. They wanted to see if eating blueberries before and after exercise can reduce muscle soreness and damage. So they performed a study and published their results:
Blueberry intake elevates post-exercise anti-inflammatory oxylipins: a randomized trial
Study Design
The researchers gathered a group of 51 participants and asked them to perform exercise that involves movements like going down stairs or running downhill. This kind of exercise can cause a lot of muscle damage, especially in people who don't exercise much. This damage makes the muscles hurt and causes inflammation.
The researchers gave participants either blueberries or a fake treatment (placebo) before and after exercise. Participants had similar characteristics like age, weight, and height. The number of men and women in each group was also similar.
Study Results
The study found that men and women in the groups had similar responses to the exercise and the blueberries. So the researchers combined the results for both men and women.
Blueberries did not have a significant impact on exercise performance or the levels of muscle soreness and damage experienced after intense exercise. However, blueberries led to decreased levels of pro-inflammatory oxylipins, while increasing levels of anti-inflammatory oxylipins. The anti-inflammatory oxylipins are known for their role in promoting inflammation resolution and tissue repair.
In summary, the study highlights the potential benefits of blueberry consumption in modulating the body's response to exercise-induced stress. Although this doesn't appear to affect exercise performance directly, it may enhance exercise recovery and improve the long term benefits of consistent exercise.
Thrivous Vitality
Thrivous develops Vitality Geroprotector to enhance cell function and metabolism for better aging. Each serving of Vitality provides a clinical dose of Blueberry extract, as well as complementary nutrients. As suggested by this study, Vitality may enhance exercise recovery. Vitality Geroprotector is available online in the Thrivous store.
In 2016, when Dorothée and I founded Thrivous, our focus was on cognitive enhancement. For years, I had been analyzing the science of nootropics, experimenting, and applying what I had learned. Dorothée noticed my friends regularly asking me about nootropics. And one day, pointing at all my supplement bottles, she commented that we should start a nootropic business.
Over the next couple years, we developed and brought to market four excellent nootropic supplements. Clarity was first, designed to enhance memory and focus. It was followed by Serenity and Surge, respectively for sleep and energy. And finally, we launched Alpha, designed to enhance brain and nerve function for healthy aging.
Alpha is an excellent nootropic, packed with science-backed nutrients for the brain. But it’s also more than that. It's also a geroprotector, a supplement designed to promote healthy longevity — particularly for brain function. With Alpha on the market, we recognized that it would make sense for Thrivous to offer complementary geroprotectors.
So, in 2018, we began development of three additional geroprotectors. Omega is designed to enhance heart function and circulation. Tenacity is designed to enhance joint and bone function. And Vitality is designed to enhance metabolic and cellular function for better aging.
By 2019, Thrivous had the full line of geroprotectors on the market. And Dorothée and I began taking them nearly every day — often more than once per day. After all, we designed them as much for ourselves as for anyone else. And, although we couldn’t “feel” it right away, that’s when the magic began.
Fast forward to 2023. Dorothée and I have been using Thrivous geroprotectors consistently for four years. I take two servings of each geroprotector with lunch, and sometimes another two servings with dinner. Dorothée does about the same. We also both started intermittent fasting in 2021, so we generally don’t eat breakfast.
Measuring Our Biological Age
A few months ago, Dorothée and I both used Thrivous Clock to measure our biological age. Biological age is different from chronological age. The latter is just how old you are as measured by the number of times you’ve flown around the sun. Biological age is a measure of how the health of your body compares to that which is typical of other humans of a given age.
So, for example, if you’re particularly healthy, your biological age might be lower than your chronological age. And, conversely, if you’re unhealthy, your biological age might be higher. Various factors influence your biological age. Notably, there are several factors over which we have significant control, such as exercise, sleep, and diet.
Thrivous Clock requires a simple blood test, which provides biometrics required for a PhenoAge calculation. PhenoAge is the most cost-effective open source science for calculating biological age. It’s based on the research of scientists such as Morgan Levine.
One of the useful things about the PhenoAge calculation is that it’s fairly easy to apply retrospectively. In other words, if you’ve collected biometrics from bloodwork over the years, you can go back and see whether you have the inputs needed for PhenoAge. And, if you do, you can calculate changes to your biological age historically.
While waiting for our Thrivous Clock results, that’s what Dorothée and I did. We plugged our old biometrics into the free PhenoAge calculator on the Thrivous website. Then we put the results into a spreadsheet and graphed them over time, up to the year 2019.
As it turns out, Dorothée had been aging better than I had. In 2019, her biological age was tracking about seven years younger than her chronological age. And my biological age was just about normal for my chronological age. She kind of lovingly bugged me about that.
Then I got my Thrivous Clock results. Boom!
I was excited to see, after graphing my 2021 and 2023 test results, that my biological age had decreased by seven years since 2019! It confirmed, in a quantified way, my sense of improving well-being. And it gave me ammunition for revenge-heckling Dorothée.
But, alas, that wasn’t to be. Dorothée also got her Thrivous Clock results. Double-boom!
After graphing her 2021 and 2022 test results, I saw that Dorothée’s biological age had decreased by nine years -- even more than mine! And she was sitting pretty, about sixteen years younger than her chronological age. Looking at her, I should have already known that would be the case. But I like numbers.
In a span of four years, both Dorothée and I had decreased our biological age substantially, by seven and nine years respectively. We’re now both around 50 years old, chronologically. But, subjectively, we feel at least as good as we felt a decade ago. And I certainly think Dorothée looks just as good -- yeah, I'm scoring some points here.
Our Lifestyle Changes
Over the four years, since 2019, we didn’t make any changes to exercise patterns. For as long as we’ve been married (26 years!), we’ve both exercised regularly. Currently, Dorothée hikes in the Utah mountains almost every day. I enjoy weight training, fairly high intensity, four days per week.
We didn’t make any changes to our sleep patterns since 2019. In my case, that’s great. I’ve always slept well. Dorothée, however, has wrestled off and on with sleep challenges.
Socially, we did experience more stress than usual in 2020, due to the pandemic. That can have negative consequences for health. And I’ve wondered how much better our test results might have been without such prolonged social stress.
The only area where we made significant positive changes was diet. As I mentioned previously, we started consistent use of Thrivous geroprotectors in 2019. And we added intermittent fasting in 2021.
Meal norms also adjusted slightly over the four years. For example, I now eat more nuts and fiber than before. And we’ve both tried to increase protein intake, often through supplementation. But we still occasionally eat our favorite snacks or desserts.
Why Thrivous Works
Abundant research shows that the ingredients in Thrivous geroprotectors can provide significant health benefits. In fact, each nutrient and each dose is backed by multiple human studies, prominently shared on our website. But that can seem esoteric and distant until you experience the benefits for yourself.
And, even then, when feeling and functioning better, we can wonder if it’s just our imagination. At least, that’s how it sometimes works for me. Like I said, I like numbers.
So my Thrivous Clock results were reassuring. And, even more so, Dorothée’s similar results were reassuring. We’ve invested, and continue to invest, a large amount of our time and resources into Thrivous. And it works for us!
Of course, we’re just two people. What works for us might not work for you. And, due to human diversity, it certainly won’t work for everyone. But it does work for many people.
We've now begun analyzing anonymized Thrivous Clock results for customers who've used Thrivous geroprotectors consistently since 2019. We don't have historical biometrics for these customers. But we do know how their chronological and biological ages compare presently. And the results are exciting!
So far, everyone who has used Thrivous geroprotectors since 2019, and for whom we have Thrivous Clock results, has a biological age that is significantly lower than their chronological age. There are no exceptions. All are biologically younger than their birthday would suggest. And, on average, these Thrivous customers are younger by over ten years (10.21 average and 7.87 median)!
There’s a fairly dependable reason why Thrivous geroprotectors would work for Dorothée and me and other Thrivous customers. That reason is science. Researchers have tested, observed, and recorded the results of numerous supplement ingredients for many people. Thrivous formulas include only the most effective ingredients at the same doses that were used in such studies.
Will Thrivous work for you? Probably. Not certainly, and not necessarily in exactly the same way. But Thrivous probably will work for you — because, probably, you’re a human who is sufficiently similar to many others for whom the particular component and combination ingredients have worked in multiple studies.
How to Use Thrivous
If you haven’t already started, I hope you’ll give Thrivous a try. And I have some recommendations for how best to do that.
- First, order Thrivous Clock. Let us help you measure you biological age now. The sooner, the better. Then we can refer back to it later to identify changes and trends.
- Second, start supplementing with the full Thrivous Stack at a low dosage for a few months. If you’re a young adult (best time to start) or middle-aged, you can probably start with a single serving per day. If you’re a senior, you might want to start with a half serving per day.
- Third, if all is well (no allergies or other intolerances), increase your dosage of Thrivous Stack to one serving with each meal for one year. This applies only to the four geroprotectors: Alpha, Omega, Tenacity, and Vitality. Clarity and Serenity generally only require one serving each per day, with your first meal and before bed, respectively.
- Fourth, order Thrivous Clock again. Let’s see how things are going. Hopefully we’ll see that your biological age is at least slowing. Maybe we’ll see that it has started going down.
- Fifth, increase your Thrivous Stack dosage to three or four servings of the geroprotectors each day. If you eat three meals, you could have one serving with each meal. If you only eat two meals, it’s generally fine to take two servings of the geroprotectors at the same time. So you could take two servings with lunch and another two with dinner, as I often do.
Finally, keep using Thrivous Clock to measure your biological age at regular intervals while continuing to supplement with Thrivous Stack. You might consider intermittent fasting. And consider improvements to your sleep and exercise habits. Also, of course, please keep your doctor in the loop as you make lifestyle changes.
One more thing. If you're already following these steps, or decide to start, please tell us about your results! We love to hear from our customers.
In the quest for a healthier heart, there's a simple addition to your daily routine that could make a significant difference. Enter garlic supplements, a natural avenue towards boosting cardiovascular well-being that's both grounded in tradition and supported by modern research. In this article, we present a recent study that sheds light on the heart-nourishing benefits of garlic, notably for those who are already healthy:
Study Design
This study looked at the effects of garlic on people's health. The trial had two groups: one group of people with high cholesterol and another group of healthy people.
The study lasted for 12 weeks. The participants went to the lab at the beginning and end of the trial. They had blood tests, blood pressure measurements, and answered questions about their diet and activity levels. The participants took garlic every day during the trial.
The researchers analyzed different things in the participants' blood, like cholesterol levels and substances related to how blood vessels work. They also checked safety parameters like blood counts and thyroid hormones. They used a special scale to measure body composition. The data collected from the study were analyzed using statistical methods.
Study Results
The study found that garlic made good cholesterol (HDL) go up in healthy people. This is great because high levels of HDL are good for our hearts and can help protect us.
When the researchers looked at a measure of heart risk, it improved in the healthy group after taking garlic. This means that the healthy group had a lower chance of having heart issues.
Both the healthy group and the group with high cholesterol saw improvements in the health of their blood vessels after taking garlic. Healthy blood vessels are important for a strong and healthy heart.
Surprisingly, garlic didn't change blood pressure in either group. This is interesting because other studies have suggested that garlic can lower blood pressure.
In summary, the study shows that garlic may enhance heart function by improving good cholesterol and the health of blood vessels. Overall, the results are a promising contribution to ongoing research.
Thrivous Omega
Thrivous develops Omega Cardioprotector to enhance heart function and circulation for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Garlic extract, as well as complementary nutrients. As suggested by the results of this study, Omega may enhance cholesterol levels for healthy people.
Like all Thrivous supplements, Omega passes through rigorous quality control. Our suppliers and third-party labs test each ingredient and their combination multiple times for purity, potency, and safety. Then we publish all test results publicly on the Thrivous website. This is truly exceptional transparency in the supplement industry.
Omega Cardioprotector is available online in the Thrivous store. Get yours today.
Have you ever wished for a natural elixir to boost your brainpower and handle life's stressors with ease? Look no further than Rhodiola Rosea. It's a remarkable herb that has captivated researchers and seekers of mental prowess for centuries.
This extraordinary plant thrives in the harshest of environments, in the high altitudes of the northern hemisphere, particularly Europe and Asia. Because of that, some people call it "arctic root." "Golden root" is another common nickname.
Rhodiola isn't your average herbal remedy from traditional medicine. It's a star player in the world of nootropics, the sought-after cognitive enhancers known for sharpening mental acuity and elevating mood.
The magic lies in its adaptogenic prowess, a unique ability to fortify your body against fatigue and to reduce stress. It's like a shield that rejuvenates your mind and body when you're feeling low, and calms the storm when you're overwhelmed.
In this guide, we'll delve deep into the science behind Rhodiola Rosea's power, backed by a treasure trove of human studies -- the gold standard of scientific evidence. We'll also unravel the secrets of salidroside, its active component, which holds the key to its nootropic potency.
The Science of Rhodiola
From battling the blues to boosting your brain's endurance, Rhodiola has earned its place among the most well-studied and effective natural cognitive enhancers. Many studies have shown that Rhodiola may enhance focus and mood, and provide cognitive health benefits. At least nine of them are human studies:
- Rhodiola rosea versus [prescription drug] for major depressive disorder: A randomized placebo-controlled trial. Scientists performed this study in 2015. They found that Rhodiola "may possess a more favorable risk to benefit ratio for individuals with mild to moderate depression". Participants used 340 mg of 1.95% salidroside extract (~6.6 mg salidroside) daily for 12 weeks.
- Therapeutic effects and safety of Rhodiola rosea extract WS® 1375 in subjects with life-stress symptoms--results of an open-label study. In 2012, this study found that Rhodiola "is safe and effective in improving life-stress symptoms to a clinically relevant degree". Participants used 400 mg of WS-1375 extract (>4 mg salidroside) daily for 4 weeks.
- The influence of adaptogens on ultraweak biophoton emission: a pilot-experiment. Scientists performed this study in 2009. They observed "a significant decrease concerning the experienced level of fatigue in the Rhodiola group". Participants used 288 mg of 2.3% salidroside extract (~6.6 mg salidroside) daily for 1 week.
- Clinical trial of Rhodiola rosea L. extract SHR-5 in the treatment of mild to moderate depression. In 2007, this study found that Rhodiola "shows anti-depressive potency in patients with mild to moderate depression". Participants used 340 to 680 mg of SHR-5 extract (>3.4 to >6.8 mg salidroside) daily for 6 weeks. The higher dose was more effective.
- Acute Rhodiola rosea intake can improve endurance exercise performance. In 2004, this study found that Rhodiola "can improve endurance exercise capacity in young healthy volunteers". Participants used 200 mg of 1% salidroside extract (~2 mg salidroside) once or daily for 4 weeks. Both time periods were effective.
- A randomized trial of two different doses of a SHR-5 Rhodiola rosea extract versus placebo and control of capacity for mental work. In 2003, this study found that Rhodiola had "a pronounced antifatigue effect". Participants used 370 to 555 mg of 2.4% salidroside extract (~8.9 to ~13.3 mg salidroside) once. The higher dose was not more effective.
- A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of the stimulating and adaptogenic effect of Rhodiola rosea SHR-5 extract on the fatigue of students caused by stress during an examination period with a repeated low-dose regimen. In 2000, this study found that Rhodiola improved "physical fitness, mental fatigue and neuro-motoric tests." The study also found that "self-assessment of general well-being was also significantly better". Participants used 100 mg of SHR-5 extract (>1 mg salidroside) daily for 3 weeks.
- Rhodiola rosea in stress induced fatigue – a double blind cross-over study of a standardized extract SHR-5 with a repeated low-dose regimen on the mental performance of healthy physicians during night duty. In 2000, this study found that Rhodiola "can reduce general fatigue under certain stressful conditions". Participants used 170 mg of 2.6% salidroside extract (~4.4 mg salidroside) daily for 2 weeks.
Because it can be difficult to control all variables, scientific studies sometimes report divergent results. One study of Rhodiola Rosea did not demonstrate nootropic effect:
- Rhodiola rosea for mental and physical fatigue in nursing students: a randomized controlled trial. Scientists performed this study in 2014. They found that "among nursing students on shift work, a 42-day course of [Rhodiola] compared with placebo worsened fatigue". Participants used 364 to 546 mg of 2.8% rosavin extract (unknown salidroside) daily for 6 weeks.
An explanation for this result, in contrast to other studies, may be that rosavin is not the active component of Rhodiola. Another study suggested that Rhodiola active components are salidroside and tyrosine:
- Comparative study of Rhodiola preparations on behavioral despair of rats. Scientists performed this study in 2008. "Rhodioloside and tyrosol were identified as active principles of the extract, whereas rosavin [and others] were inactive". Rhodioloside is an alternative name for salidroside.
In summary, there are at least nine human studies of the nootropic effects of Rhodiola Rosea. Across eleven tests in eight studies, a dosage of at least 1 mg salidroside daily was consistently effective. Across two tests in one study, an unknown dosage of salidroside was not effective. Side effects were not notable.
Rhodiola Supplements
When buying Rhodiola Rosea, look for a supplement that provides servings of at least 1 mg salidroside. For example, that may be 100 mg of an extract standardized to at least 1% salidroside.
Ideally, choose a supplement that provides servings that contain between 3.4 and 6.8 mg salidroside. That may be 340 to 680 mg of an extract standardized to at least 1% salidroside. Or that may be 170 to 340 mg of an extract standardized to at least 2% salidroside. These parameters may provide the greatest potential for nootropic effect.
Avoid supplements that do not disclose the plant species and salidroside percentage on the label. And look for vendors who provide evidence that they verified the plant species and salidroside percentage.
Unfortunately, fake and poor quality Rhodiola supplements are common. Many suppliers sell an extract that comes from Rhodiola Crenulata instead of Rhodiola Rosea, lying about the difference to manufacturers. And even when they sell an extract of Rhodiola Rosea, many suppliers lie about the amount of salidroside in the extract.
Subsequently, many vendors skip tests. They should run an identity test to ensure that the extract comes from Rosea instead of Crenulata. And they should run a potency test to verify the salidroside percentage. But to cut costs, many vendors don’t run identity and potency tests, and make false claims on their labels.
Consider pairing Rhodiola with other natural nootropics. For example, Bacopa Monnieri may improve memory. L Theanine may facilitate relaxation without sedation. And both Zinc and Omega-3 fatty acids may enhance mood.
Rhodiola may also go well with natural nootropics that support healthy cognitive aging. They include Acetyl L Carnitine, Alpha GPC, and Ginkgo Biloba.
Thrivous
Based on studies like those listed above, Thrivous developed Clarity Daily Nootropic. It’s a dietary supplement for daily use to support brain function and enhance cognitive performance.
Each serving of Clarity provides a clinical dose of Rhodiola Rosea, to decrease fatigue and to improve focus and mood. Clarity contains a clinical dose of Bacopa Monnieri to enhance memory. Clarity also includes nootropic vitamins and minerals to support healthy brain function.
All Thrivous supplements pass through rigorous quality control, including identity and potency testing of Rhodiola Rosea. And we publish all test results from suppliers, manufacturing, and third parties directly on our product webpages for your review.
Clarity Daily Nootropic is available to buy online. Order yours today.
In pursuit of enhancing brain function, many individuals turn to nootropics, substances used to improve cognitive abilities. Among natural supplements, Bacopa Monnieri stands out as one of the most well-studied and effective options.
Bacopa is a creeping herb found in wetlands across the globe. Sometimes, it's called "Brahmi," "Water Hyssop," "Herb of Grace," or "Indian Pennywort." And it has been used in traditional Ayurvedic medicine for millennia.
In this article, we'll delve into the world of Bacopa, exploring its potential for memory enhancement and benefits to cognitive health. From scientific research to recommended dosages, we'll provide you with all the information you need to harness Bacopa's power for a sharper mind.
The Science of Bacopa
Numerous studies have investigated the memory-enhancing effects of Bacopa. They have explored various aspects of memory, such as the ability to recall information, retrieval speed, and retention duration. And the results have been promising. They show that Bacopa may improve memory across these dimensions to varying extents, rarely with any side effects.
There have been at least ten human studies. Participants have included young and healthy older adults. They've also included people with common memory challenges associated with aging. Here are summaries:
- An acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over study of 320 mg and 640 mg doses of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI 08) on multitasking stress reactivity and mood. In 2014, this study found that Bacopa "produced some adaptogenic and nootropic effects." 17 participants used 320 mg or 640 mg of 55% bacoside extract (at least 176 mg bacoside) once. The lower dose was more effective, increasing memory about 9% at 1 hour (letter search task compared to placebo).
- An acute, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study of 320 mg and 640 mg doses of a special extract of Bacopa monnieri (CDRI 08) on sustained cognitive performance. In 2013, this study found that Bacopa improved performance on a battery of cognitive demand tests. 24 participants used 320 mg or 640 mg of 55% bacoside extract (at least 176 mg bacoside) once. The higher dose was not more effective, and both doses improved cognitive parameters related to memory at 2 hours.
- Does Bacopa monnieri improve memory performance in older persons? Results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial. In 2010, this study found that "Bacopa significantly improved memory acquisition and retention." 36 participants used 300 mg of 40% bacoside extract (120 mg bacoside) daily. Supplements increased memory about 35% at 3 months (delayed recall task compared to placebo).
- Effects of a standardized Bacopa monnieri extract on cognitive performance, anxiety, and depression in the elderly: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. In 2008, this study found that Bacopa "has potential for safely enhancing cognitive performance in the aging." 24 participants used 300 mg of 50% bacoside extract (150 mg bacoside) daily. Supplements increased memory about 6% at 6 weeks and about 18% at 12 weeks (delayed recall task compared to placebo).
- Examining the nootropic effects of a special extract of Bacopa monniera on human cognitive functioning: 90 day double-blind placebo-controlled randomized trial. In 2008, this study found that Bacopa improved spatial working memory and visual information processing. 33 participants used 300 mg of 55% bacoside extract (165 mg bacoside) daily. Supplements increased memory about 2% at 3 months (working memory task compared to placebo).
- Randomized controlled trial of standardized Bacopa monniera extract in age-associated memory impairment. In 2006, this study found that Bacopa "is efficacious in subjects with age-associated memory impairment." 20 participants used 250 mg of 55% bacoside extract (137.5 mg bacoside) daily. Memory improved about 10% at 2 months (total memory test compared to placebo).
- Chronic effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monnieri) on human memory. In 2002, this study found that Bacopa "decreases the rate of forgetting of newly acquired information." 37 participants used 300 mg of 55% bacoside extract (at least 165 mg bacoside) daily. Supplements increased memory about 25% at 3 months (delayed word pairs task compared to placebo).
- The chronic effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy human subjects. In 2001, this study found that Bacopa "may improve higher order cognitive processes … such as learning and memory." 23 participants used 300 mg of 55% bacoside extract (165 mg bacoside) daily. Supplements were ineffective at 5 weeks, and increased memory at 12 weeks (proactive interference task compared to placebo).
Science can be complex. Differences between study participants, environments, and supplement variables may be difficult to control. Reflecting that difficulty, a couple studies of Bacopa Monnieri have not demonstrated nootropic effect:
- Brahmi for the better? New findings challenging cognition and anti-anxiety effects of Brahmi (Bacopa monniera) in healthy adults. In 2013, this study only observed "a trend for lower state anxiety in the [Bacopa] group as compared to placebo group." Participants used 450 mg of 24% bacoside extract (108 mg bacoside) daily. Supplements were ineffective at 12 weeks.
- The acute effects of an extract of Bacopa monniera (Brahmi) on cognitive function in healthy normal subjects. In 2001, this study found that Bacopa "has no acute effects on cognitive functioning in normal healthy subjects." Participants used 300 mg of 55% bacoside extract (165 mg bacoside) once. Supplements were ineffective at 2 hours.
There are at least a couple possible explanations for these results, in contrast to other studies. The 2013 study may have used a bacoside dosage that was too low. And the 2001 study may have been too short.
In summary, research indicates that daily supplementation with 120 mg of bacoside for at least two to three months consistently showed positive effects on memory. However, lower dosages and similar dosages for shorter periods yielded inconsistent results. High doses for shorter durations were somewhat effective but not more so than the recommended daily intake.
Sometimes scientists perform studies of studies – or meta-analysis. In doing this, they often combine the results from multiple studies to increase confidence in a general observation. The following meta-analysis confirms the nootropic efficacy of Bacopa Monnieri supplements:
- Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials on cognitive effects of Bacopa monnieri extract. In 2014, this meta-analysis of nine studies found that Bacopa "has the potential to improve cognition, particularly speed of attention."
In another meta-analysis, scientists used Cohen’s D to compare Bacopa with a popular nootropic drug. Cohen’s D is a method that measures magnitude of effect on a scale of 0 to 1. A magnitude of 0 is no effect, .2 is small effect, and .8 is large effect.
- Cognitive effects of two nutraceuticals Ginseng and Bacopa benchmarked against [drug]: a review and comparison of effect sizes. In 2013, this study found the magnitude of effect of a nootropic drug was .77. And the magnitude of effect of Bacopa was .95. The study concluded that "neurocognitive enhancement from [Bacopa] can produce cognition enhancing effects of similar magnitude to those from pharmaceutical interventions."
Theses studies reinforce the nootropic potential of Bacopa Monnieri. They have shown that Bacopa may enhance cognition, particularly the speed of attention. And, in fact, the magnitude of Bacopa's effect on cognitive function appears to be comparable to that of certain pharmaceutical interventions.
Bacopa Supplements
When selecting a Bacopa Monnieri supplement, it's essential to consider the dosage and bacoside content. Look for supplements with a serving size of at least 120 mg of bacoside. For instance, you may choose an extract standardized to 20% bacoside at 600 mg or an extract with at least 50% bacoside at 240 mg.
Ideally, choose a supplement with 320 mg of Bacopa standardized to 55% bacoside. This is among the most common and potent extracts in Bacopa studies. And it has consistently demonstrated nootropic effect.
In the United States, the principal source of 55% bacoside is Synapsa, which is a patented extract. For more than 30 years, scientists have studied the effects of Synapsa on the cognitive performance of healthy adults. At least six human studies have demonstrated that Synapsa may improve visual processing, learning rate, working memory, and information retention.
To maximize the benefits of Bacopa Monnieri, consider complementing it with other natural nootropics that offer additional cognitive advantages. Traditionally, Bacopa has been paired with Gotu Kola. Other well-researched options include Rhodiola Rosea for focus and energy, L Theanine for relaxation without sedation, as well as Omega 3 fatty acids or Zinc for improved mood.
Thrivous
Based on studies referenced above and others, Thrivous developed Clarity Daily Nootropic. It’s a dietary supplement for daily use to enhance memory, focus, and mood.
Each serving of Clarity contains 320 mg of Synapsa, the premium Bacopa Monnieri extract. It is standardized to 55% bacoside. And it provides about 175 mg bacoside per serving.
In addition, Clarity contains a clinical dose of Rhodiola Rosea, to decrease fatigue and to enhance focus and mood. It contains L Theanine to enhance relaxation without sedation. And it also provides nootropic vitamins and minerals to support healthy brain function.
Thrivous supplements pass through rigorous quality control. We test each ingredient multiple times to ensure purity, potency, and safety. And we publish all test results from our suppliers, manufacturing, and third party labs on our website for your review.
Clarity Daily Nootropic is available to order online. Buy yours today.
In our quest for optimal health and well-being, we often find ourselves searching for the best combination of nutrients to support our body and mind. With the myriad of options available in the market, it can be overwhelming to determine which ones truly deliver the desired benefits. However, there is one comprehensive solution that stands out among the rest.
Thrivous Stack is a unique formulation that combines a wide range of nutrients in clinical doses, ensuring you receive the optimal amounts necessary to promote overall health and vitality. Let's delve into the key components of this remarkable stack and explore the value they bring:
1. Acetyl L Carnitine (ALCAR) with R Alpha Lipoic Acid
This powerful combination acts as a shield for your brain, protecting it from toxins and oxidative stress. Acetyl L Carnitine enhances energy production in the mitochondria, while R Alpha Lipoic Acid provides potent antioxidant support.
2. Alpha GPC
Supporting healthy brain function, Alpha GPC provides bioavailable choline, a vital nutrient for neurotransmitter synthesis and cognitive performance. By optimizing choline levels, Alpha GPC promotes mental clarity and focus.
3. Ashwagandha (KSM-66®)
An adaptogenic herb renowned for its stress-reducing properties, Ashwagandha enhances relaxation and supports a balanced mood. It helps the body adapt to stressors, promoting a sense of calm and overall well-being.
4. Bacopa Monnieri (Synapsa®)
Known for its cognitive benefits, Bacopa Monnieri enhances memory and overall brain function. It supports the healthy functioning of neurotransmitters and helps combat age-related cognitive decline.
5. Boswellia Serrata (ApresFlex® Frankincense)
This resin extract has shown promising results in supporting joint function and comfort. Boswellia Serrata reduces inflammation, providing relief for those experiencing discomfort and promoting optimal joint health.
6. Berberine with Milk Thistle
Berberine, in combination with Milk Thistle, supports healthy blood sugar levels and metabolic function. This combination helps maintain insulin sensitivity, promoting overall metabolic well-being.
7. Blueberry (Mirtoselect® Anthocyanin)
Packed with antioxidants, Blueberry supports healthy genetic function and provides protection against oxidative stress. Its potent anthocyanins contribute to overall cellular health and well-being.
8. Coenzyme Q10
As a vital component of cellular energy production, Coenzyme Q10 supports healthy mitochondria and enhances cellular function. It is essential for maintaining overall energy levels and promoting optimal organ function.
9. Garlic
Garlic is not only a delicious culinary ingredient but also a natural supporter of heart health. It helps maintain healthy cholesterol levels and supports cardiovascular function, contributing to a healthy heart.
10. Ginkgo Biloba
This renowned herb supports healthy brain function, particularly as we age. Ginkgo Biloba enhances cognitive performance, memory, and overall mental acuity.
11. Gotu Kola (Centella Asiatica)
Known for its circulation-enhancing properties, Gotu Kola supports healthy blood flow and cardiovascular function. By improving circulation, it promotes overall vitality and well-being.
12. L Theanine
L Theanine, a versatile amino acid found in tea leaves, promotes calmness and relaxation without inducing drowsiness. It helps reduce stress and anxiety while enhancing mental clarity and focus.
13. Magnesium Glycinate
An essential mineral, Magnesium Glycinate plays a crucial role in supporting sleep quality and relaxation. It helps regulate neurotransmitters involved in sleep and relaxation, contributing to a restful night's sleep.
14. Maritime Pine (Oligopin®)
Derived from pine bark, Maritime Pine extract supports cardiovascular health by promoting healthy blood circulation and reducing oxidative stress. It contributes to optimal heart function and overall vitality.
15. Melatonin
A bioidentical hormone, Melatonin plays a vital role in regulating sleep patterns. By promoting restful sleep, it helps maintain a healthy sleep-wake cycle and supports overall well-being.
16. Omega 3 (AvailOm®)
Rich in essential fatty acids, Omega 3 supports healthy triglyceride levels, cardiovascular function, and brain health. It is a fundamental nutrient for maintaining overall vitality and well-being.
17. Olive Leaf Extract
Olive leaf extract provides support for maintaining healthy cholesterol and blood pressure levels. Packed with antioxidants, it contributes to overall cardiovascular well-being.
18. Phosphatidylserine (SerinAid®)
Phosphatidylserine enhances memory and brain function, particularly in the context of aging. It supports the healthy structure and function of brain cells, promoting cognitive vitality.
19. Rhodiola Rosea
An adaptogenic herb, Rhodiola Rosea enhances focus, mood, and energy levels. It helps the body adapt to physical and mental stressors, improving overall resilience and performance.
20. S Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe)
SAMe is a compound that enhances joint function and comfort. It supports the production of cartilage and promotes optimal joint health and flexibility.
21. Turmeric Curcumin with Black Pepper
Renowned for its anti-inflammatory properties, Turmeric Curcumin with Black Pepper supports joint comfort and mobility. It aids in reducing discomfort associated with aging and promotes overall joint health.
22. Vitamin B Complex
The complete spectrum of all eight vitamers in bioavailable forms supports healthy brain function. Vitamin B Complex plays a crucial role in maintaining cognitive performance, energy production, and overall vitality.
23. Vitamin D3
Vitamin D3 supports healthy mobility and overall better aging. It contributes to bone health, immune function, and various physiological processes, promoting optimal well-being.
24. Vitamin K Complex (K1 and K2 MK7 vitamers)
Vitamin K Complex is essential for maintaining healthy bone function. It supports calcium utilization and promotes optimal bone density, contributing to overall skeletal health.
25. Zinc Picolinate
As a bioavailable essential mineral, Zinc Picolinate supports healthy mood and mental well-being. It plays a vital role in neurotransmitter synthesis and overall cognitive function.
Only the Best in One Stack
The value of Thrivous Stack lies in its comprehensive and science-backed formulation. Analyzing decades of clinical research from scientists around the world, Thrivous algorithms rank nutrients by levels of evidence and magnitude of effect. And Thrivous formulas include only the best nutrients, each backed by multiple successful human studies.
Thrivous Stack provides optimal support for brain health, joint function, cardiovascular well-being, sleep quality, metabolic function, and overall vitality. Whether you're a busy professional, a dedicated athlete, or simply someone seeking to unlock your optimal health, Thrivous Stack offers a convenient and effective solution to support your well-being.
Remember, before starting any new supplement regimen, it's always advisable to consult with your healthcare professional. This is particularly important if you have any medical conditions or are currently taking medication.
With Thrivous Stack, you can confidently embark on your journey to optimal health and well-being. Embrace the power of comprehensive nutrition and unlock your full potential with Thrivous Stack.
The world's population is getting older. In part, this is due to decreasing birth rates. And it's also partly because people are living longer. But, as a result, more people are experiencing degraded cognition that commonly accompanies aging.
To optimize healthy aging, it's important to begin healthy practices early in life. Examples include adequate sleep, regular exercise, eating well, quitting smoking, and staying socially active. Optimized choline intake can also help enhance brain function for better aging.
Choline is important for brain function. Studies have shown that choline can increase levels of a brain chemical called acetylcholine, which is involved in memory. Studies have also shown that choline can improve memory and learning.
A new study investigated the effects of continuous choline intake on cognitive function in healthy middle-aged people. The report is titled, "Effects of egg yolk choline intake on cognitive functions and plasma choline levels in healthy middle-aged and older Japanese: a randomized double-blinded placebo-controlled parallel-group study."
Study Design
In this study, researchers wanted to see if taking choline supplements could improve cognitive function in older people. The supplements were derived from egg yolk. And they provided choline in various forms, including Alpha GPC.
Researchers recruited 60 Japanese participants. The participants were middle-aged or elderly. And although healthy, they had concerns about their memory.
The participants were divided into two groups. One group received the choline supplements. The other group received fake supplements with no choline.
The researchers measured the participants' cognitive function, quality of life, and choline levels in their blood. They also conducted tests to assess attention and executive function. They asked the participants about their well-being. And they checked if the supplements were safe to use.
Study Results
After analyzing the data, the researchers compared the results between the two groups at different time points. Their goal was to see if there were any improvements in cognitive function.
The study found that the choline group had higher scores in verbal memory tests compared to the placebo group. Plasma choline levels were also higher in the choline group. There were no significant differences in other cognitive function tests.
The study suggests that consuming choline may enhance cognitive function in healthy individuals for better aging.
Thrivous Alpha
Thrivous develops Alpha Neuroprotector to enhance brain and nerve function for better aging. Each serving of Alpha provides a clinical dose of Alpha GPC, along with complementary nutrients. Alpha GPC is a highly bioavailable form of choline, which the body and brain can use efficiently. Thus, as suggested by this study, Thrivous Alpha may enhance cognitive function in healthy individuals for better aging.
Thrivous uses the best available science from decades of research to formulate Alpha and other geroprotector supplements. Each nutrient and their combination passes through rigorous quality control to verify purity, potency, and safety. And we publish all science, formula, supplier, and quality information publicly on our website -- a truly exceptional practice. Thrivous Alpha is available online now in the Thrivous store.
Maintaining muscle mass and strength is important for physical performance and overall health. Resistance training is a well-established strategy for improving muscle mass and strength. The intake of dietary protein, especially essential amino acids, is commonly recommended to enhance the effects of resistance training. Recently, Omega 3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), were studied for their role in muscle health.
Studies have shown that incorporating Omega 3 into muscle cells can enhance the signaling proteins involved in muscle growth. Omega 3 has been found to increase muscle protein synthesis, leading to muscle growth. Omega 3 supplementation has also been shown to enhance the effects of protein intake and resistance training on muscle growth.
Omega 3 may influence muscle outcomes through various mechanisms, such as muscle fiber type transition, improved insulin signaling, and modulation of inflammation. However, it has been unclear if Omega 3 supplementation affects muscle hypertrophy, strength, and fat reduction during resistance training.
Some studies in this area have had methodological flaws. And there has been a need for more research to determine the effects of Omega 3 supplementation on muscle outcomes. A new study investigated the effects of Omega 3 alongside resistance training on body composition and strength. The hypothesis was that Omega 3 would lead to greater improvements in muscle mass, strength, and fat reduction compared to a placebo.
STUDY: The effect of fish oil supplementation on resistance training-induced adaptations
Study Design
The study aimed to investigate the effects of Omega 3 on body composition and strength in young adults who were participating in a 10-week resistance training program. The researchers used a randomized design, which means that participants were randomly assigned to either the Omega 3 supplement group or the placebo group.
The study included 28 participants, both male and female, who were recruited from the local area and university population. They had to meet specific criteria, such as being between 18 and 40 years old, free from certain disorders and chronic diseases, and having a certain level of physical training and familiarity with specific exercises.
The participants in the Omega 3 group received a daily dose of fish oil supplement, while the participants in the placebo group received a similar-looking placebo. The supplements were distributed every two weeks to encourage compliance. The researchers confirmed adherence to the supplement by verbal confirmation and visually inspecting the supplement bottles.
The resistance training program consisted of supervised and unsupervised sessions conducted three times a week over a 10-week period. The participants performed a variety of exercises targeting different muscle groups, such as squats, leg presses, bench presses, and shoulder presses. The training loads were adjusted based on each participant's ability and were progressively increased throughout the program.
Before and after the intervention, various measurements were taken. Body composition, including total body mass, body fat percentage, and lean body mass, was assessed using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Strength was evaluated by determining the participants' one-repetition maximum for the back squat and bench press exercises. Volume load, which is a measure of the total work performed during training, was also recorded.
In addition to the physical measurements, the participants were asked to maintain dietary records to monitor their food intake throughout the study. The researchers also collected blood samples using a dried blood spot method to assess compliance and measure fatty acid levels.
Statistical analyses were conducted to analyze the data and determine if there were any significant differences between the fish oil group and the placebo group in terms of body composition, strength, and other variables.
Study Results
Of the 28 people who took part in the study, 21 completed it. The group that took the Omega 3 supplements had higher levels of Omega 3 in their blood, while the group that took the placebo did not show any changes. Both groups increased the amount of weight they lifted during the 10 weeks.
When the researchers looked at body composition, there were no differences between the groups in terms of muscle mass. But the group that took the Omega 3 supplements had slightly less body fat. In terms of strength, the group that took the Omega 3 supplements had bigger improvements in their bench press and squat exercises compared to the group that took the placebo.
Overall, the study suggests that taking Omega 3 supplements during resistance training can help improve muscle strength, especially in the bench press and squat exercises. It did not have a big effect on muscle size or body fat. More research is needed to understand why the supplements helped with strength and how they affect the muscles.
Thrivous Omega
Thrivous develops Omega Cardioprotector to enhance heart function and circulation for better aging. Each serving of Omega provides a clinical dose of Omega 3 Lysine Complex, which is 5 times more bioavailable than common fish oil. As indicated by this study, Thrivous Omega may enhance strength when combined with resistance training. Get yours today in the online Thrivous store.
Caffeine is commonly used by athletes to enhance their performance in sports. It has been found in the urine of over 70% of athletes tested in national and world competitions.
The international sports governing body, World Athletics, recognizes caffeine as an ergogenic aid to enhance sprint running performance. However, there is no direct evidence supporting this claim for sprint running in athletics. Previous studies have investigated the effect of caffeine on running. But their designs have limitations.
This study aimed to investigate the acute effect of caffeine on 100-meter sprint running performance in a field test. The researchers hypothesized that caffeine would enhance sprint running performance by increasing the running velocity for the first 60 meters. The study aimed to determine the phase that is influenced by caffeine supplementation, by investigating whether an improvement in 100-meter sprint performance could be attributed to an improvement in sprint performance in the first 60 meters.
STUDY: Acute Effect of Caffeine Supplementation on 100-m Sprint Running Performance: A Field Test
Study Design
The study investigated the effects of caffeine supplementation on sprint running performance. The study involved 15 male collegiate sprinters who had been training for at least 3 years and could complete all-out 100-meter sprints.
The study had a double-blind, counterbalanced, randomized, and crossover design. This means that participants were randomly assigned to receive either caffeine or a placebo in a random order. And they were not aware of which one they received.
They completed field tests of 100-meter sprint running time trials after ingesting either caffeine or a placebo. Participants were excluded if they had certain health conditions, allergies, or had smoked within the past year.
The participants visited the laboratory three times. The first time was for a preliminary experiment to measure the change in plasma caffeine concentration over time after caffeine ingestion. The second and third times were for time trials after either caffeine or a placebo.
In the preliminary experiment, participants ingested 6 mg of caffeine per kg of body weight in capsule form. And their plasma caffeine concentration over time was measured. This information was used to determine the timing of caffeine supplementation for the time trials, so that the peak plasma caffeine concentration would be reached at the start of the time trials.
Study Results
The study found that while there was no significant difference in 100-meter sprint times before correction, after correction, the 100-meter sprint time was significantly shorter with caffeine supplementation. Similarly, the 60-meter sprint time was significantly reduced with caffeine supplementation. There was no significant difference between caffeine and placebo for the 40-meter sprint time from 60 to 100 meters.
Additionally, the study found that caffeine supplementation enhanced mean sprint velocity for the 0-10 meter and 10-20 meter splits. There were no significant differences in maximum velocity, distance to maximum velocity, mean step length, or mean step frequency.
This study showed that acute caffeine supplementation improves the 100-meter sprint performance of athletes. It is the first study to directly determine the effect of caffeine on the 100-meter sprint performance in athletics.
The study showed that caffeine improved the sprint performance up to 60 meters and enhanced the sprint velocity in the first 20 meters of the 100-meter sprint. The study also suggests that the effect of caffeine on muscle activation, specifically the rate of force development, is a possible mechanism for the improvement.
The study concludes that caffeine supplementation can be expected to shorten the reaction time in a 100-meter sprint race, which can further enhance sprint performance. However, caffeine supplementation has possible side effects such as anxiety or nervousness. And further investigations about its ergogenicity on the start of a sprint and the possibility of a false start are needed.
Thrivous Surge
Thrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of caffeine. Consequently, as indicated by this study, Surge may enhance sprint performance.
Thrivous Surge also provides complementary nutrients. Among those nnutrients, l-theanine is a nootropic that promotes relaxation without sedation. When coupled with caffeine, l-theanine can take the edge off caffeine, decreasing jittery or anxious side effects.
Thrivous Surge is available to purchase online in the Thrivous store.
Age is a big factor in getting sick. And people want to find ways to stop this from happening. But it's hard to measure how healthy someone is because it's not just about not having a disease. It's also about how good they feel, their energy levels, and how well they can fight off future illnesses.
The idea of "biological age" has been around for a while. And scientists are trying to find better ways to measure it. They are looking at things like genetics, proteins, and chemicals in the body to get a more complete picture of someone's health. By doing this, they hope to develop a way to help people live healthier lives as they age.
Study Design
A study analyzed data from a wellness program, which offered coaching on exercise, nutrition, stress management, and sleep to 3,558 individuals with varying ages and health statuses. Data from consenting participants was collected between July 2015 and July 2018. It consisted of genetic, proteomic, metabolomic, and microbiomic data, along with longitudinal measures from blood, clinical lab tests, proteins, and metabolites.
The study used the Klemera-Doubal method to create a biological age (BA) measure. This was used to assess changes in BA over time after coaching. The study also examined associations between the BA measure and self-reported health conditions and smoking.
The mean age of the study population was 47.5 years, with more females than males. The percent of obese participants was 27.9%, which is lower than the Center for Disease Control reported estimate of 37.9% for all U.S. adults.
Study Results
The study found that biological age (BA) decreased by 0.16 years for every year of participation in the wellness program. This was significantly lower than the expected increase of 1 year / year.
Exploratory analyses were performed to examine several baseline factors that were hypothesized to have an impact on BA trajectories. The analysis showed that the rate of biological aging was slowed in women over time. And participants with higher BA than their chronological age at baseline experienced greater benefits from health coaching.
The study concludes that BA can reflect an individual's overall wellness and health span, with higher BA being associated with common diseases such as Type 2 diabetes. BA can also be used to track an individual's health progress during a wellness program.
The degree of plasticity in BA depends on various factors such as age, sex, and current health status. Metabolic health, inflammation, and bioaccumulation of toxins are the most important factors affecting BA.
Thrivous Recommendation
Thrivous recommends regular measurement of biological age, as often as once or twice yearly. This practice helps to confirm the efficacy of lifestyle changes, including changes to exercise, sleep, and nutrition. And it can help motivate persistence in lifestyle changes, thereby increasing the overall health and longevity benefits that accumulate from consistency over long periods of time.
Thrivous has developed Thrivous Clock to measure biological age. It is based on the PhenoAge algorithm, which is the most cost-effective open-source science to calculate biological age. Thrivous Clock is now available to purchase via the Thrivous website.
Our family adores our 2003 fifteen-passenger van. Road trips. Camping trips. Family work days. Beach trips (with a baby snake hitching a ride). And oh, so many more memories.
Our local middle schoolers dubbed it the “Sketchy White Van” when I picked up the “Battle of the Books” team. And it was voted Liberty High School’s 2022 “coolest car”.
In many ways, we took our van for granted. It got us where we needed to go whenever we wanted. Sure, we take it in for regular maintenance. Over the years, it has required a few minor repairs, but it never left us stranded.
Until … last summer. As we headed into the Appalachian mountains to canoe the Paw Paw Bends on the Potomac River: it overheated. For the first time, the van we had played in and worked in for seventeen years failed us.
We have more in common with that van than you might think. If everything works as it should, we do what we want. And like a vehicle, we are only as good as the sum of our parts.
It did not matter that we had new tires on our van or that we had our mechanic check the brakes and fluids and change the oil in the preceding month. When the radiator went out, we could not go where we wanted to.
Healthy aging requires every system, not just one, to purr like a well-oiled machine. Our ability to go where we want and do what we want depends on maintaining our metabolic, neurological, cognitive, cardiovascular, respiratory, digestive, musculoskeletal, and excretory systems in optimal condition.
The mortal body does not last forever. Basic metabolic processing, or turning food we eat into usable energy, testifies to that. Free radicals, a byproduct of the metabolic process, slowly harm us, as does the inflammation generated from environmental, physical, or mental stressors.
Healthy living slows down the aging process. A nutritious diet, regular exercise, and quality sleep provide the biochemical components for healthy aging.
In addition, scientific research studies and clinical trials show certain supplements can support active, healthy aging. Thrivous Stack is packed full of scientifically proven nutrients, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatories at clinical dosages to support every system to help keep you moving, thinking, and doing what you want when you want.
Thrivous Stack
Thrivous Stack includes six supplements: Vitality, Alpha, Clarity, Omega, Tenacity, and Serenity. Together, they nutritionally support physiological, psychological, and cognitive functioning for healthy aging.
Thrivous Vitality
Metabolic functioning is at the heart of life, turning calories into energy, movement, and cognitive processing. Thrivous Vitality contains three potent antioxidants and anti-inflammatories clinically shown to support optimal metabolic processing by:
- Reducing blood sugar/glucose levels
- Reducing blood lipid levels
- Reducing insulin resistance
- Reducing metabolic DNA damage
Find out more about the ingredients and the science behind Thrivous Vitality here.
Thrivous Alpha
The brain can cover up cognitive decline without you or your doctor noticing until it reaches a tipping point where it can no longer compensate. Sadly, cognitive decline has been shown to start in middle adulthood. Thrivous Alpha contains nutrients, antioxidants, and anti-inflammatories clinically proven to:
- Protect the brain
- Support cognition
- Support memory
- Fight age-related oxidization
- Fight physical and mental fatigue
Find out more about the ingredients and the science behind Thrivous Alpha here.
Thrivous Clarity
Designed to support metabolic, cognitive, and psychological functioning, Thrivous Clarity contains ingredients clinically proven to:
- Replenish B Vitamins required to convert calories to usable energy
- Support dendritic growth for healthy brain aging
- Support attention, cognitive processing, and working memory
- Support mood by reducing stress
- Calm and focus the mind
- Help reduce fatigue
Find out more about the ingredients and the science behind Thrivous Clarity here.
Thrivous Omega
The cardiovascular system pumps nutrients and oxygen to organs, muscles, and tissues. Thrivous Omega contains ingredients clinically proven to:
- Help suppress arterial inflammation to keep arteries smooth and elastic
- Support healthy triglyceride, cholesterol, and blood pressure levels
- Enhance circulation
Find out more about the ingredients and the science behind Thrivous Omega here.
Thrivous Tenacity
Pain and stiffness in the joints are often one of the first signs of aging. Thrivous Tenacity contains clinically proven doses of Vitamin D, Vitamin K, and powerful antioxidants and anti-inflammatories to:
- Reduce joint pain and stiffness caused by normal exercise-induced inflammation
- Help increase mobility with reduced pain
- Support bone and muscle health
- Support blood coagulation and cardiovascular health
Find out more about the ingredients and the science behind Thrivous Tenacity here.
Thrivous Serenity
Quality sleep reboots our body to promote energy, focus, cognition, memory, mood, and healing. Thrivous Serenity contains ingredients clinically proven to:
- Reduce cortisol to enhance relaxation
- Calm and focus the mind
- Enhance, promote, and regulate sleep
- Promote anti-aging electrical and hormonal activity during sleep
Find out more about the ingredients and the science behind Thrivous Serenity here.
These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. None of these products are intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
How to Use Thrivous Stack
All of the supplements in Thrivous Stack are designed for extended, regular use.
Thrivous Vitality: Take two capsules daily with meals, with a daily maximum dosage of eight.
Thrivous Alpha: Take four capsules daily with meals, with a daily maximum dosage of sixteen.
Thrivous Clarity: Take two capsules daily with meals, with a daily maximum dosage of four. Generally, Clarity becomes effective within one hour and fully effective within two to three months of daily use.
Thrivous Omega: Take two capsules daily with meals, with a daily maximum dosage of eight.
Thrivous Tenacity: Take two capsules daily with meals, with a daily maximum dosage of eight.
Thrivous Serenity: Take two capsules nightly within an hour of bedtime, with a nightly maximum dosage of four. Only take Serenity before intended sleep. Serenity generally becomes effective within one hour.
Commitment to Quality and Science
Thrivous knows educated consumers are the best customers. We disclose all ingredients with exact dosages, their associated scientific studies and clinical trials, and safety, identity, and potency laboratory test results. Visit the Thrivous website to find out more.
Do not get stuck with one system going out. Go where you want to, when you want to, and do what you want with Thrivous Stack supporting every bit of your body to purr like a well-oiled machine.
Strenuous exercise can damage muscles and surrounding tissues, leading to inflammation. This inflammation can cause muscle soreness and reduced muscle strength, which can last for several days.
Soccer players, who have limited recovery time between matches, often use drugs like non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to recover faster. But these can have side effects.
Nutritional supplements rich in polyphenols, such as curcumin from turmeric, have been studied for their potential benefits in exercise recovery. Curcumin has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. And it may help reduce inflammation and muscle damage caused by exercise.
Study Design
In a study with professional soccer players, researchers used a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design to investigate the effects of curcumin supplementation on recovery from matches. Eleven male soccer players from a Premier League club participated in the study.
Baseline measurements of dependent variables such as muscle soreness, jump height, reactive strength index, and subjective well-being were taken two days before matches. These measurements were repeated at 12, 36, and 60 hours after matches, before training sessions, while the players were in a fasted state.
The study used curcumin supplements and a placebo control. And the outcomes measured were jump height, reactive strength index, muscle soreness, and subjective well-being.
Study Results
The study found that there were no differences between interventions in terms of data on external loads, daily energy intake, and macronutrient intake. There were also no differences based on the order of trials for measures such as countermovement jump (CMJ), reactive strength index (RSI), delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and subjective wellbeing.
However, there were changes over time following matches, with the biggest differences occurring at 12 hours post-match. CMJ and RSI were higher in the curcumin group compared to the control group at most time-points, especially at 12 hours post-match. DOMS was higher in the control group at 12 and 36 hours post-match, but not in the curcumin group.
Wellbeing was rated worse in the control group at 12 and 36 hours post-match. But no changes were observed in the curcumin group. Wellbeing was also better with curcumin supplementation at 12 and 60 hours post-match.
This study found that taking curcumin supplements helped professional male soccer players recover faster from muscle soreness after a game. This is the first study to investigate the effects of curcumin on elite-level team-sport athletes using match-play as an exercise-induced muscle damage model. The results showed that curcumin supplementation reduced muscle soreness and improved muscle function recovery, which is consistent with previous studies in untrained/moderately trained individuals and animals.
Curcumin is believed to work by interacting with various inflammatory and oxidative pathways in the body, suppressing pro-inflammatory cytokines, and supporting antioxidant enzymes. However, more research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms by which curcumin may enhance recovery from exercise-induced muscle damage.
Thrivous Recommendation
Thrivous develops Tenacity Arthroprotector to enhance joint and bone function for better aging. Each serving of Tenacity provides a clinical dose of Turmeric Curcumin, along with complementary nutrients. As indicated by this study, Tenacity may reduce muscle soreness and improve recovery after sports and exercise. Get your Tenacity in the online Thrivous store today!
The Star Trek phrase, “live long and prosper,” may have originated from an ancient Egyptian blessing that uses the symbols for life, prosperity, and health. Throughout the centuries, humankind has sought ways to extend a person’s life and enhance the quality of life.
Modern technologies allow biochemical scientists to understand what promotes healthy longevity better than previous generations could have imagined. And like the daily erosion of a single drop of water, we know that unchecked inflammation and free radicals cause wear and tear in every system of the body.
To live long and prosper, you need every system working like a well-oiled machine. A diet full of fresh vegetables, fruits, fiber, lean meats, and healthy fats provides the nutritional base for healthy living.
However, you can take advantage of generations of herbal knowledge, backed by scientific research and clinical trials, with well-designed supplements. Pack your system with powerful anti-inflammatories and antioxidants to support metabolic, cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, and musculoskeletal systems with Thrivous Geroprotector Stack.
1908 Nobel Prize winner Ilya Mechnikov coined the term “geroprotector,” which has a literal translation of “protecting against aging.” A geroprotector should:
- Increase healthy lifespan
- Slow age-related changes in molecular, cellular, and physiological biomarkers
- Improve the physical, mental, emotional, and social quality of life
Thrivous Geroprotector Stack
To support life extension and healthy aging, Thrivous Geroprotector Stack incorporates science-backed doses of the most effective nutrients, including the most powerful anti-inflammatories and antioxidants. Included in the stack are Thrivous Tenacity, Thrivous Vitality, and Thrivous Omega.
Thrivous Tenacity supports joint and bone health with the anti-inflammatories Turmeric (95% Curcumin) and Boswellia, the antioxidant S Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe), and the nutrient Vitamin D. You can find more information on these ingredients and their clinical studies applicable to joint and bone health here.
Thrivous Vitality enhances the metabolic system on a molecular basis, including blood glucose functioning, cholesterol levels, cell functioning, and DNA replication with the anti-inflammatories Berberine and Blueberries (an antioxidant, too), and the antioxidant Coenzyme Q10. You can find more information on these ingredients and their clinical studies applicable to the metabolic system here.
Thrivous Omega enhances the cardiovascular system, including the heart and circulation systems, and triglyceride and cholesterol levels, with the anti-inflammatory Omega 3, and the anti-inflammatories and antioxidants Garlic and Pine Bark. You can find more information on these ingredients and their clinical studies applicable to the cardiovascular system here.
Thrivous develops its supplement formulas from the best scientific evidence, backed by multiple human studies for each ingredient. Thrivous combs through decades of clinical research and algorithmically ranks hundreds of nutrients by scientific evidence, safety, and efficacy. The anti-inflammatories, antioxidants, and nutrients included in Tenacity, Vitality, and Omega rank highest for the effective support of their intended uses.
How to Use Geroprotector Stack
Take two capsules each of Tenacity, Vitality, and Omega with a meal daily. Each geroprotector is designed for regular use for extended periods.
Thrivous Tenacity, Vitality, and Omega are designed for healthy adults to take daily with meals. The optimal dosage of each supplement may vary based on individual size and sensitivity. The maximum dosage of each supplement is eight capsules a day. Thrivous recommends starting with low dosages and slowly increasing dosages as needed.
Seek appropriate medical advice before and during the use of all dietary supplements. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
Honest Quality and Safety
At Thrivous, we believe consumers should have control of what they take into their bodies and that educated consumers make the best personal health decisions. That is why Thrivous provides open-source formulas for all its products and identifies all the nutrients and the associated dosages on the supplement facts panel.
In addition, Thrivous provides the highest quality supplements with proven third-party testing of raw ingredients and final products. All testing documentation for Geroprotector Stack is available on the Thrivous website.
Thrivous supplements are manufactured in an audited and certified good manufacturing practices (GMP) facility.
If you are not completely satisfied with your first order of the Geroprotector Stack, Thrivous offers a 100-day money-back guarantee. Just contact Thrivous with your order information. There is no hassle and no return shipping. The Thrivous standard 30-day policy applies to subsequent orders and additional units.
Live Long and Prosper
In our fast-paced lives, it is easy to forget that the body’s chemistry is complicated and that daily decisions multiply over time. Thrivous Geroprotector Stack is a simple way to enhance longevity and healthy aging, using science-backed nutrients to support joints and bones, metabolic functioning, and the cardiovascular system.
With Geroprotector Stack, you can be sure to get the highest quality supplements at science-backed effective dosages to “live long and prosper.” Give Geroprotector Stack a try today!
Autophagy is an important process in cells that helps get rid of damaged or unnecessary parts. When it doesn't work properly, it can lead to poor aging. Exercise is known to activate autophagy and can be helpful in promoting healthy aging. However, it is not clear how exercise affects autophagy in humans, as different studies have had different results.
Some scientists aimed to look at all the studies done on exercise and autophagy in humans to try to get a clearer picture of how they are related. Their work is published in the journal Autophagy Reports:
Does Exercise Regulate Autophagy in Humans? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Study Design
This study followed specific guidelines and was registered in a database. The scientists searched for relevant studies on exercise and autophagy in different databases. They used specific search terms and only looked at studies in English that were original and peer-reviewed.
They removed duplicates and screened records to find studies that met their inclusion criteria. The studies needed to be about humans, involve physical exercise as the only intervention, and report the protein level of LC3B, which is a common indicator of autophagy.
The scientists collected information from articles that met their inclusion criteria, using a standard form. They recorded the author and year of publication, details about the participants, the type of exercise used, the type of tissue studied, and information about the autophagic proteins and their changes after exercise. And they extracted mean and standard deviation values from control and exercise groups for meta-analysis.
They used WebPlotDigitizer software to collect data from graphs and contacted the original authors if any data was missing. They also used a software called Review Manager to combine and analyze data from different studies.
The scientists used a random-effects model to estimate the effects of the intervention (difference between the exercise and control groups). They also conducted subgroup analysis to see how different types of exercise or tissue types affected autophagic responses. They considered a p-value of less than 0.05 to be statistically significant and used I2 value to determine the level of variation between the studies.
Study Results
There were 26 studies that were good enough to use. These studies included 519 people who were put into different categories based on their age and health. The studies used different types of exercise equipment and different types of exercise.
The scientists looked at different proteins in the studies to see how exercise affected autophagy. They found that different studies showed different results, but they focused on the proteins that were studied the most.
They proceeded with a meta-analysis of the studies on the effects of different types of exercise on the levels of autophagy-related proteins in humans. The results show that resistance exercise can increase the levels of LC3-II and SQSTM1, while endurance exercise has no significant effect. Additionally, exercise can have different effects on skeletal muscles and PBMCs. Finally, the study found that older adults may experience lower LC3-II levels following exercise.
The meta-analysis results show that long-term resistance exercise boosts autophagy in skeletal muscles, while an acute bout of resistance exercise reduces it. Moderate- and vigorous-intensity endurance exercise had no effect on autophagy.
The effects of exercise on autophagy in different tissues or cells are likely to be exercise modality- and tissue-dependent. Further investigation is needed to understand the effects of exercise on autophagy in humans, and how autophagy can be used to treat diseases.
Thrivous Recommendation
Thrivous generally recommends regular exercise, particularly resistance training. As indicated by this study, long term resistance training can promote healthy aging. For the best results, combine regular exercise with adequate sleep and a nutritious diet, including Thrivous Stack. Remember to remain in consultation with your doctor about your particular health situation as you make changes to your lifestyle.
Scientists have tested the effects of supplemental Vitamin D3, marine Omega 3 fatty acids, and a simple home exercise program on frailty prevention in generally healthy older adults.
Frailty is an age-related condition affecting older adults, leading to an increased susceptibility of the individual against multiple negative health outcomes. The negative impact of frailty is expected to increase substantially with the growth of the global population of older adults.
However, frailty is potentially reversible if detected early. Previous studies suggested that the supplementation of key nutrients, including Vitamin D and Omega 3, complemented by physical activity, could have positive effects on the progression of frailty in older adults. Preventing pre-frailty among robust older adults appears important, as pre-frail individuals are at risk of adverse outcomes including falls and disability.
The DO-HEALTH study of generally healthy older European adults reported that 43% of their participants at baseline were considered pre-frail. The broad aim of DO-HEALTH is to prolong healthy life expectancy in European seniors. The specific aim is to establish whether Vitamin D, Omega 3 fatty acids, and a simple home exercise program can prevent frailty.
The participants in the DO-HEALTH trial are more than 2,000 community-dwelling men and women, 70 years old or older. The trial was based on a simple home exercise program and supplements, over a 3 year period.
The participants were divided into random groups to separate the effects of individual interventions. The groups were:
- Vitamin D3, Omega 3, and exercise
- Vitamin D3 and Omega 3
- Vitamin D3 and exercise
- Vitamin D3 alone
- Omega 3 and exercise
- Omega 3 alone
- Exercise alone
- Placebo
Each participant received two study capsules per day. Each active Vitamin D capsule contained 1000 IU of Vitamin D3. Each active Omega 3 capsule contained 500 mg of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in a ratio of 1:2. Each placebo capsule contained high oleic sunflower oil.
The simple home exercise program included an unsupervised strength-training exercise of 30 minutes (three times per week). It also included an attention control exercise program focused on joint flexibility of 30 minutes (three times per week).
The results of the study are published in The Journal of Frailty & Aging. They indicate that the combined supplementation of Vitamin D3 plus Omega 3, plus the home exercise program, had significant benefits with regard to the prevention of pre-frailty. However, this benefit was not significant for the 3 treatments individually, highlighting the importance of the additive effect of all three preventive strategies.
The scientists conclude that the combined effects of daily supplementation of Vitamin D3 and Omega 3, plus a simple home exercise program, should be further investigated. It may help to perform an in-depth study of the complex underlying mechanisms on the molecular level.
Thrivous develops Geroprotector Stack to enhance body function for better aging. Each serving provides clinical doses of Vitamin D3 and Omega 3 Lysine Complex, which is 5 times more bioavailable than common fish oil capsules. As indicated by this study, Geroprotector Stack combined with exercise can enhance healthy aging. Get Thrivous Geroprotector Stack from the Thrivous store today!
Scientists in Korea and Romania have analyzed the effects of garlic supplements on the blood vessels that form the vascular system.
The health of the vascular system is important. But aging is associated with decreased vascular function. And decreased vascular function may result in decreased blood flow in the brain, which is essential to healthy aging.
Aged or fermented garlic extract contains nitrite, which is converted to nitric oxide in the body. It improves vascular function through increasing the availability of nitric oxide in the vascular system.
Nitric oxide causes relaxation of vascular muscles. Its deficiency is associated with a decrease of antioxidants in the blood vessels, disturbed vasodilator and anticoagulant function, increased inflammation, and increased health risks.
Positive effects of fermented garlic extract on the vascular system of laboratory animals have been confirmed by earlier studies. With this study, the scientists wanted to confirm the effectiveness and safety of fermented garlic extract on human vasculature.
The fermented garlic extract used in this study was prepared as follows. First the skin was peeled from raw garlic. The garlic was then washed, sterilized, ground for 24 hours, and diluted with water. Then, bacteria were added to cause fermentation.
The fermentation process was carried out at body temperature for one month. And it ended when the concentration of nitrite in the fermentation broth reached appropriate levels. Finally, the fermented garlic was separated with a centrifuge and concentrated.
58 participants were enrolled in the study. They were adults older than 19 years who had not participated in any other clinical trials in the past 3 months and didn’t have medical conditions that could influence the results of the study. The participants were randomly divided into groups that received either a fermented garlic extract tablet containing 7 mg of nitrite, or a placebo.
The scientists measured blood pressure and several parameters related to the flow of blood in the body and the brain in all participants. This was done before and after ingesting the fermented garlic extract tablet or the placebo.
A major finding of this study included decreases in blood pressure after ingestion of fermented garlic extract. Another major result, which this study is likely the first to achieve, indicates increases in cerebral blood flow after ingestion of garlic supplements.
Thrivous develops Omega Cardioprotector to enhance heart function and circulation for better aging. Each serving of Omega provides a clinical dose of Garlic, as well as complementary nutrients. As indicated by this study, Omega may enhance blood flow in the brain. Thrivous Omega is available to purchase on the Thrivous website.
Scientists in Brazil and Canada have examined the effects of two different doses of caffeine on muscle strength and calcium levels in blood.
Caffeine may enhance muscular strength by altering the capacity of calcium release. This study, published in Nutrients, contributes to a better understanding of the effects of acute caffeine supplementation on muscular strength and calcium release rates, which was previously unclear.
21 male recreationally-trained (that is, neither untrained nor well-trained) volunteers participated in this study. All participants had been actively engaged in at least four hours per week of strength training for the 12 months prior to the beginning of the study.
They didn’t have any pathology or injury that would alter muscle biology and performance. They didn’t smoke. And they had a habitual intake of less than 150 mg per day of caffeine.
At the beginning of the study, the height, body mass, body fat percentage, and related parameters of all participants were measured.
The study consisted of exercise sessions after supplements, with either caffeine or a placebo. Researchers measured blood and other parameters before and after exercise, and performed statistical analysis of the results. The test and the statistical analysis methods were designed to exclude irrelevant factors (e.g., the participants didn’t consume food before the exercises).
Three exercises (bench press, squat, and deadlift) were selected to assess the dose-response relationship between caffeine supplements and strength performance. These exercises permit evaluating muscle performance on the basis of the weights used and the number of repetitions that the participants were able to endure.
The participants randomly received either 6 mg or 8 mg per kilo of body weight of caffeine or a placebo. The caffeine and the placebo were administered using capsules of similar appearance and weight. The two different doses of caffeine permitted studying how the effects of caffeine depend on the dose.
The results of this study suggest that a higher dose of caffeine may help to optimize strength performance. Higher doses of caffeine seem to be related to improvements in strength. The results of this study also suggest a relationship between calcium release in plasma and caffeine consumption in a dose-dependent fashion. Enhanced calcium release was only observed when higher doses of caffeine were applied.
The scientists warn that the findings of this study are specific to caffeine capsules. The findings cannot necessarily be generalized to the effect of caffeine-containing drinks or other substances that involve a combination of other ingredients.
In addition, all participants were recreationally trained young men. Therefore, the findings cannot necessarily be generalized to other populations, including women, youth, and older adults, as well as inactive or well-trained individuals.
Thrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of caffeine, along with complementary nutrients. As indicated by this study, Surge may enhance muscle performance. Thrivous Surge is available for purchase online in the Thrivous store.
My hard-working parents instilled in me a mental drive to be 100% productive 100% of the time. However, time and experience have taught me that being totally on, every moment of the day, is counterproductive. After all, when the light switch is on, it is hard to relax and fall asleep.
Yes, I want my brain and body to function at 100% when I work, exercise, and engage in life. But, I also need to be able to relax, unwind, and let go of the constant, even frantic thoughts and pressures that keep me from being able to focus calmly and productively.
All too often after a “productive” day, I find myself in bed, looking for my brain's off switch. How can I be productive without a good night’s sleep?
And what about my advancing years? Are my choices today supporting a healthy, productive, and enjoyable future?
Proper sleep, exercise, nutrition, and social engagement are part of the equation for healthy aging. In addition, scientific research indicates some dietary supplements support cognitive function, mental agility and aging, relaxation, and sleep quality.
Thrivous Nootropic Stack
Thrivous, the human enhancement company, uses the latest scientific research to harness the knowledge and power of biotechnology to provide the greatest potential to support and improve your brain. Thrivous Nootropic Stack includes Thrivous Clarity, Thrivous Alpha, and Thrivous Serenity, and contains dietary supplements in evidence-based effective dosages.
The ingredients contained in Nootropic Stack support:
- Cognition, including long- and short-term memory, focus, and learning.
- Healthy cognitive aging, by promoting neurotoxin removal, reducing neural stress, and protecting nerve cells.
- Mood by relaxing, calming, and reducing stress.
- Reduced fatigue by supporting metabolism, reducing systemic stress, and improving sleep.
- Sleep quality, including reducing the time it takes to fall asleep and spending more time in slow-wave sleep cycles.
Why Use a Stack?
If you like to approach life from every angle using scientific backing, Thrivous Nootropic stack is for you. Nootropic Stack provides nutritional and herbal support for current cognitive functioning, healthy cognitive aging, mood, and quality sleep support.
In short, life is complicated, and so is the body’s biochemistry. Thrivous develops its nootropic formulas from the best scientific evidence, with each ingredient backed by multiple human studies. After combing through decades of clinical research, Thrivous used algorithms to rank hundreds of nutrients by scientific evidence, safety, and efficacy with effective dosages.
Though there is some overlap in ingredient function, in general,
- Thrivous Clarity supports current cognition with Bacopa Monnieri, L-Theanine, Rhodiola Rosea, B Vitamins, and Zinc;
- Thrivous Alpha supports healthy cognitive aging and current cognition with Acetyl L Carnitine, R Alpha Lipoic Acid, Phosphatidylserine, and Ginkgo Biloba; and
- Thrivous Serenity supports mood, fatigue, and quality sleep with L-Theanine, Ashwagandha, Magnesium, and Melatonin.
For detailed information about the ingredients in Thrivous Clarity, Thrivous Alpha, and Thrivous Serenity see these articles:
- Enhance Cognitive Function with Thrivous Clarity
- Enhance Cognitive Aging with Thrivous Alpha
- Promote Restorative Sleep with Thrivous Serenity
How to Use Nootropic Stack
Take Thrivous Alpa and Clarity daily with meals. Take Thrivous Serenity nightly before bed.
Thrivous Alpha: Take four capsules daily with meals. Alpa is designed for regular, long term use. The maximum dosage is 16 capsules daily.
Thrivous Clarity: Take two capsules daily with your first meal. Normally, Clarity becomes effective within one hour and fully effective within two to three months of regular use. Clarity is designed for regular, long term use. The maximum dosage is four capsules daily.
Thrivous Serenity: Take two capsules daily within one hour before bedtime. Only take Serenity before sleep. Normally, Serenity becomes effective within one hour. Serenity is designed for regular, long term use. The maximum dosage is four capsules daily.
Quality and Safety
Thrivous proves its commitment to providing high-quality, safe supplements through rigorous third-party testing and open-sourced formulas.
Ingredient suppliers provide identity, potency, and safety testing with a certificate of analysis (CoA). Third-party nutrient and safety testing to ensure quality before supplement manufacturing backs up the CoA. Manufacturing happens in an audited and certified good manufacturing practices (GMP) facility.
The final product is third-party laboratory tested again to ensure safety and that the product contains nutrients in amounts indicated on the label. Documentation of all testing is available on the Thrivous website.
At Thrivous, we believe consumers should control what they take into their bodies. Thrivous provides open-source formulas for all its products by clearly identifying all nutrients and their associated dosages on the supplement facts panel. By knowing every detail of a supplement, you can make the best decisions for your mind and body.
In addition, Thrivous offers a 100-day money-back guarantee with your first order of Nootropic Stack. If you are not completely satisfied, contact Thrivous with your order information. There is no return shipping and no hassle. You will get back 100% of your money. The standard 30-day policy applies to subsequent orders and additional units.
Achieve Your Goals
Science-backed Thrivous Nootropic Stack supports cognition, healthy mental aging, mood, and sleep quality. You can be productive today with clear thinking and mental agility, while supporting a healthy and enjoyable future with Thrivous Nootropic Stack. Give it a try today!
Scientists have examined the effects of Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine (Alpha GPC) on blood dynamics and heart rate variability. This was done in women who were overweight or obese, following a sprint interval exercise.
While its overall health benefits are well known, intense exercise can have unwanted side effects on vulnerable people. In particular, without preventive measures, overweight people can experience high blood pressure responses and acute cardiac events after intense exercise. Therefore, it is important to find way to reduce the cardiac risks of exercise.
Alpha GPC, a food supplement for healthy individuals, is thought to have favorable effects on the central nervous system and possible protective influences on cardiovascular functions. After ingestion, the supplement converts to active forms of choline, an essential nutrient that has many confirmed beneficial effects.
However, the influence of Alpha GPC supplements on cardiac functions after strenuous exercise among adults with obesity is not clearly established. Therefore, the scientists conducted a study to validate the hypothesis that Alpha GPC supplements could play a protective role on cardiac autonomic and blood pressure in people with obesity after a sprint interval exercise.
Twelve overweight or obese women participated in the study. The participants were between 20 and 40 years old with a high body mass index. Also, the participants had no diagnosed chronic diseases or health conditions, and didn’t use dietary supplements or medications that could affect the results of the study.
The participants underwent several sessions, during which they first consumed either 1000 mg of Alpha GPC or a placebo. Then they performed sprint interval exercises following the standard Wingate test protocol.
Relevant cardiac and blood related parameters such as systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure, were measured before and after the ingestion of the supplement or placebo. They were also measured before and after the Wingate test.
The measurements were followed by statistical analysis of the data. Throughout the study, the scientists strived to ensure the statistical validity of the data. For example, the Wingate tests were performed at the same time of day.
The results of the study are published in Nutrients.
The scientists found that Alpha GPC supplements before sprint interval exercise can attenuate the changes in heart rate variability and blood dynamics variables that typically occur during and after intense exercise and recovery. In particular, recovery after strenuous exercise in overweight and obese women is faster. Therefore, the scientists suggest that Alpha GPC may be a useful strategy to reduce the risk associated with intense exercise in individuals who are overweight or obese.
The scientists also found indications that Alpha GPC supplements could lead to better exercise performance by increasing power and reducing fatigue. And the scientists recommend more studies to determine the effects of Alpha GPC supplements in more detail.
Thrivous develops Alpha Neuroprotector to enhance brain and nerve function for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Alpha GPC, as well as complementary nutrients. As indicated by this study, Thrivous Alpha may protect the heart from the risks of intense exercise, and improve exercise performance. Alpha Neuroprotector is available online at the Thrivous website.
Scientists led by University of Catania have evaluated the effect of Acetyl-L-carnitine in pre-frail older patients. Pre-frailty is the intermediate stage before frailty, the age-related onset of the gradual decline in body function.
Frailty is the decline of physical, cognitive, psychological, and social skills that results in a progressive loss of autonomy and capacity to maintain optimal function. The prevalence of frailty increases in older age. For the purpose of this study, frailty is established on the basis weight loss, exhaustion, low grip strength, slow walking pace, and low physical activity.
Pre-frailty is defined as the intermediate condition where two of these five criteria are met. Pre-frailty predicts future disability but might be modifiable, particularly at an early stage.
In a previous study, the scientists had observed deficiency of a vitamin-like compound, called Carnitine, in frail and prefrail patients. A variant of the compound called Acetyl-L-Carnitine is known to have many physiological effects and has been used to enhance cognition. Also, studies have shown positive effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine on the aging brain.
The scientists conducted this study to evaluate the effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine in pre-frail older patients.
92 patients older than 65 participated in this study, conducted between 2009 and 2017. The participants were divided into two groups. The participants in one group took 1.5 g of Acetyl-L-Carnitine orally, twice a day for three months. The participants in the other group took a placebo consisting of inert material. The participants were then followed for another three month period, during which the efficacy of the treatment was evaluated.
The scientists administered physical and cognitive tests, based on the frailty criteria listed above, to the participants. The scientists also collected and analyzed blood and urine samples to measure and evaluate biomarkers related to frailty.
The supplementation of Acetyl-L-Carnitine was well tolerated, with no significant adverse effects. And the results of the study indicate that Acetyl-L-Carnitine treatment seems to delay and alleviate aging-related degenerative disorders of the elderly in prefrail subjects.
The beneficial effects of Acetyl-L-Carnitine on frailty status were confirmed on both brain and body in older prefrail patients. In particular, Acetyl-L-Carnitine supplements resulted in small but measurable improvements in muscle health by reducing oxidative stress, decreasing inflammatory response, and activating enzymes involved in the defense against oxidative damage. On the mental side, Acetyl-L-Carnitine supplements resulted in small but measurable improvements in memory, attention, and learning.
The scientists are persuaded that improvements in alleviating the aging process need strategies to forestall frailty. Acetyl-L-Carnitine supplements have been found to induce small but clinically-meaningful changes. And these findings are relevant for public health.
Thrivous develops Alpha Neuroprotector to enhance brain and nerve function for better aging. Each serving of Alpha provides a clinical dose of Acetyl L Carnitine, as well as complementary nutrients. As indicated in this study, Alpha may decrease the negative effects of aging on the brain. Thrivous Alpha is available online in the Thrivous store.
Scientists led by Harvard Medical School have shown that degradation in the way DNA is organized and regulated - known as epigenetics - can drive aging in an organism, independently of changes to the genetic code itself.
“We believe ours is the first study to show epigenetic change as a primary driver of aging in mammals,” says research leader David Sinclair in a press release issued by Harvard Medical School.
A story published in Time Magazine explains that epigenetic information is what makes skin cells turn into skin cells and brain cells into brain cells. “It does this by providing different instructions to different cells for which genes to turn on, and which to keep silent.” Epigenetics “is like a cell’s operating system, telling it how to use the same genetic material differently,” notes one of the scientists in the press release.
In a research paper published in Cell, the scientists report that, by manipulating the epigenome, aging can be driven forward and backward. Not only were the scientists able to age mice on an accelerated timeline, but they could also reverse the effects of that aging and restore some of the biological signs of youthfulness to the animals.
The scientists experimented with laboratory mice. First, the scientists used a technology platform called ICE (Inducible Changes to the Epigenome) to accelerate the breaks in chromosomes that mammalian cells experience every day in response to things like breathing, exposure to sunlight and cosmic rays, and contact with certain chemicals. The mice began to look and act old. Quantitatively, an aging clock developed by the scientists revealed a rise in biomarkers that indicate aging.
Then, the scientists gave the mice a gene therapy that reversed the epigenetic changes they’d caused. The gene therapy delivered three genes that are active in stem cells and can help rewind mature cells to an earlier state. The mice’s organs and tissues resumed a youthful state. The therapy “set in motion an epigenetic program that led cells to restore the epigenetic information they had when they were young,” says Sinclair. “It’s a permanent reset ... like rebooting a malfunctioning computer.”
“We hope these results are seen as a turning point in our ability to control aging,” adds Sinclair. “This is the first study showing that we can have precise control of the biological age of a complex animal; that we can drive it forwards and backwards at will.”
The findings show that a breakdown in epigenetic information causes mice to age and that restoring the integrity of the epigenome reverses those signs of aging. The findings also support the hypothesis that mammalian cells maintain a kind of backup copy of epigenetic software that, when accessed, can allow an aged, epigenetically scrambled cell to reboot into a youthful, healthy state.
Of course, medical applications are a long way off and will take extensive experiments in multiple cell and animal models. But Sinclair is persuaded that scientists should think big and keep trying in order to achieve such dreams.
The scientists were able to rejuvenate cells in mice. But will the process work in humans? That, as reported by Time Magazine, is Sinclair’s next step. The scientists are already testing the system in non-human primates.
“We don’t understand how rejuvenation really works, but we know it works,” concludes Sinclair as reported by Time Magazine. “We can use it to rejuvenate parts of the body and hopefully make medicines that will be revolutionary. Now, when I see an older person, I don’t look at them as old, I just look at them as someone whose system needs to be rebooted. It’s no longer a question of if rejuvenation is possible, but a question of when.”
Sleep quality is important for a healthy lifestyle. It is not only about how long you sleep, but also about the state of your sleep-wake rhythm. In recent years, many studies have shown that bad sleep quality can lead to diseases like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and depression. To improve sleep quality is important for maintaining good health or preventing a decline in quality of life.
Many countries are recognizing sleep problems as an important issue, and working to promote good sleep health. For example, the United States has a plan called "Sleep Health" under "Healthy People 2020" to set targets and measures to improve sleep health. In Japan, the government has created "Sleep Guidelines for Health Promotion 2014" to raise awareness about the importance of good sleep.
As people age, their sleep quality can decrease. This is because as people age, the level of a chemical in the body called melatonin decreases. Melatonin helps control the sleep-wake rhythm and hormone levels. Studies on improving sleep quality in older people can help solve important public issues.
DHA and EPA are special types of fats found in fish that can't be made by the human body. They have been shown to lower blood fat levels, reduce the risk of heart disease, and improve brain function. These special fats are found in all cells of the body and they have various effects on the body. These special fats have also been shown to affect the production of melatonin, which controls the sleep-wake rhythm.
Some studies have shown that people who eat a lot of fish have better sleep quality. There have also been studies done on children and teenagers that have shown that DHA and EPA can help improve sleep quality. However, not many studies have been done on middle-aged and older people.
Some researchers wanted to find out if DHA and EPA can help improve sleep quality in middle-aged and older people. Because DHA and EPA can improve blood fat levels, heart health and brain function, the researchers believed that it can also help improve sleep quality. They published the results of their study in the journal Nutrients:
Study Design
This study was designed to find out if taking a certain type of fish oil, called DHA and EPA, can help improve sleep quality in middle-aged and older adults. The study was done in a way that the researchers wouldn't know which group the participants were in (called a double-blinded study). And the participants were randomly put into a group that took DHA and EPA or a group that took a fake pill (called a placebo).
The study had some rules about who could participate, for example, people who were sick or had certain health conditions were not allowed to participate. The study was approved by an ethics committee and was done following the guidelines for medical research.
The study lasted 12 weeks and the participants took either the DHA/EPA or placebo pill for the whole time. The study participants were healthy Japanese adults who were over 45 years old and had poor sleep quality. The study was conducted at two medical clinics and the participants had some tests done before and after the study.
In this study, the researchers used three tests to evaluate the participants' sleep quality: the OSA-MA test, POMS2 test, and the sleep scanner SL-511-WF2.
The OSA-MA test was taken at home for three days before the study began and again after 12 weeks. The test included 16 questions and was used to measure five things:
- sleepiness when waking up,
- how easy it was to fall asleep and stay asleep,
- how often the participant dreamed,
- how refreshed the participant felt when waking up,
- and how long the participant slept.
The POMS2 test was taken at the beginning and end of the study. It included 35 questions and was used to measure eight things:
- overall mood,
- feelings of tension or anxiety,
- feelings of depression or sadness,
- feelings of anger or hostility,
- feelings of energy or activity,
- feelings of tiredness or inertia,
- feelings of confusion or bewilderment,
- and feelings of friendliness.
The sleep scanner SL-511-WF2 was used to monitor the participants' sleep for 7 days before the study began and after 12 weeks. The test was used to measure seven things:
- how efficient the participant's sleep was,
- how long it took the participant to fall asleep,
- how long the participant slept overall,
- how long the participant actually slept (excluding time awake),
- how long the participant's awakenings were on average,
- and the percentage of the time the participant was awake while in bed.
The participants also had blood and urine tests taken at the beginning and end of the study, and were asked to keep a record of their diet for 7 days before the study began and after 12 weeks. The researchers measured some blood levels, including cholesterol, glucose, and fatty acids. They also measured some urine levels such as protein and glucose. The researchers also recorded the participants' weight, height, and blood pressure.
To calculate the sample size, researchers used a previous study that looked at the effect of DHA on sleep quality. They assumed that the difference in sleep quality between the group taking DHA/EPA and the group taking the placebo would be large. They calculated that they needed 62 participants (31 in each group) to have enough power to detect a difference in sleep quality.
Study Results
This study had 91 people who wanted to participate but only 66 met the criteria to be in the study. All 66 people who were picked finished the study. They were randomly assigned to either take DHA and EPA or a fake pill (placebo) for 12 weeks. Each group had 33 people in it, 11 men and 22 women.
After 12 weeks, the researchers looked at the scores from the sleep tests and found that in the group taking DHA and EPA, the score for frequent dreaming was higher than the group taking the placebo. But, there were no other differences between the two groups from the other sleep tests.
They also looked at the scores of how well the participants slept and found that the group taking DHA and EPA had a better sleep efficiency score than the placebo group. Two people, one in each group, did not take the sleep test during the post-ingestion period so their scores were not included.
No one had any bad reactions or health problems related to the study and there were no significant differences in blood and urine tests between the two groups.
This study found that when people over 45 years old with poor sleep quality take DHA/EPA for 12 weeks, it improves their sleep quality. Other studies have also found that DHA/EPA helps with sleep, but most of those studies were done on children or young adults. Few studies have been done on adults, and even fewer have been done on middle-aged people with poor sleep quality.
Thrivous Omega
Thrivous develops Omega Cardioprotector to enhance circulation and heart function for better aging. Each serving of Omega provides a clinical dose of Omega 3 DHA and EPA, as well as complementary nutrients. Accordingly, as indicated in this study, Omega may enhance sleep quality.
The Omega 3 DHA and EPA in Thrivous Omega comes in the form of Omega 3 Lysine Complex. This form of Omega 3 is five times stronger than common fish oil, without any fishy taste or smell. And the shelf life of Omega 3 Lysine Complex is years longer than common fish oil. Thrivous Omega is the superior choice.
For the best results, take Omega Cardioprotector during the day and Serenity Nightly Nootropic before bed. Thrivous develops Serenity to enhance relaxation, sleep, and next-day focus. Each serving of Serenity provides clinical doses of nutrients that complement the efficacy of nutrients in Thrivous Omega.
Omega Cardioprotector and Serenity Nightly Nootropic are both available online in the Thrivous store.
Modern research acknowledges what seems intuitive. The mind and body are inseparably linked. Whatever you take into your body (food, drink, exercise, rest, etc.) affects how well your mind functions. Whatever emotions or thoughts you deal with (stress, anxiety, etc.) affects your body on a biochemical level.
It may not be instantaneous. But a single drop of pure water, repeatedly dropped every second erodes the hardest rock. Or, if that water droplet contains dissolved minerals, that continuous single drop, builds a stalactite or stalagmite.
Life never stays stagnant. Microscopic reactions in the mind and body are either eroding or building it every moment of the day and night. Catabolic processes break down fats, proteins, and carbohydrates for usable energy. Anabolic processes generate cells for new growth or to replace dying cells.
Unfortunately, it is easy for metabolic function to get out of whack. Just existing, let alone optimal mental and physical functioning, requires constant usable energy. Only when the right conditions are met can anabolic processes kick in to replace old cells, promote growth, and provide healing.
Nutrition plays a major role in meeting the conditions for anabolic functioning. And like that single continuous drop of water, nutrition is cumulative. It is never too late to improve nutrition for your overall well-being. However, a conscientious start in your younger years puts you on a healthy track for optimal performance for years to come.
Harvest the benefits of Thrivous Clarity and Vitality Stack to promote healthy aging for the mind and body. Clarity and Vitality complement each other to provide nutrients, antioxidants, and geroprotectors to enhance mood, aid cognition, reduce fatigue, and support metabolic functioning.
Clarity and Vitality Stack
Thrivous Clarity and Vitality support metabolic function by providing essential nutrients. These include powerful antioxidants and geroprotectors that combat free radicals and other biochemical stresses generated during catabolic processes.
Nutrients
In the body, enzymes, neurotransmitters, hormones, amino acids, etc. require certain nutrients for proper functioning. Some nutrients, like Vitamin D, the body can store and recall as needed. Some nutrients, like B Vitamins and zinc, cannot be stored and must be consumed daily.
Clarity and Vitality Stack provides the following nutrients to support healthy aging of mind and body:
- Bacopa Monnieri 320 mg (Clarity) supports current cognition, memory enhancement, and healthy cognitive aging.
- L-Theanine 200 mg (Clarity) supports relaxing and focusing the mind, improving cognition and sleep quality.
- Rhodiola Rosea 170 mg (Clarity) helps fight stress and fatigue to improve cognition.
- B Vitamins (Clarity) are necessary to convert macronutrients to usable energy, which helps fight fatigue and support cognition. Vitamin B12 is required for neurotransmission, DNA production, and healthy red blood cells.
- Zinc 11 mg (Clarity) is required for roughly 300 enzyme reactions. As such, zinc supports metabolism, blood glucose levels, mood, and healthy cognitive aging.
Antioxidants
Free radicals are generated during catabolic processes. They are highly reactive and can damage DNA. If free radicals are unchecked, they leave a trail of microscopic destruction. Antioxidants combat free radicals.
- Zinc 11 mg (Clarity) aids blood glucose and healthy cognitive aging by supporting blood serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF).
- Blueberry Fruit Extract 1400 mg (Vitality) acts as a powerhouse to reduce DNA damage caused during metabolic functioning. This antioxidant is not stored by the body and must be consumed daily to reap its benefits.
- Coenzyme Q10 100 mg (Vitality) helps generate usable energy while acting as an antioxidative to combat free radical damage.
Geroprotectors
Aging has many negative effects on metabolism, cells, and the body generally. Geroprotectors combat the effects of aging and promote healthy longevity.
- Zinc 11 mg (Clarity) supports the immune system to help fight off viral and bacterial infections.
- Berberine Hydrochloride 500 mg (Vitality) supports metabolic functioning to help reduce blood glucose, blood lipids, and insulin resistance.
- Blueberry Fruit Extract 1400 mg (Vitality) helps support a healthy immune response to exercise-induced stress. But, it must be consumed daily to have this effect.
See these articles for additional information on individual ingredients contained in Thrivous Clarity and Vitality:
- Enhance Cognitive Function with Thrivous Clarity
- Enhance Metabolic Functioning with Thrivous Vitality
Make the Stack Work for You
Thrivous Clarity and Vitality Stake works best when taken daily with meals.
- Take 2 Clarity capsules with your first meal of the day. On average, it takes one hour for the ingredients in Clarity to become effective. Clarity is most effective within 2-3 months of daily use. The maximum daily dosage is 4 capsules.
- Take 2 Vitality capsules with any meal. The maximum daily dosage is 8 capsules.
None of the statements in this article have been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. These products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.
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Researchers at Columbia University and other institutions have developed a new blood test to measure the pace of biological aging. It is based on an analysis of chemical tags on the DNA contained in white blood cells, called DNA methylation marks. The test is a new addition to a fast-growing list of DNA methylation tests designed to measure aging - or aging clocks. The new aging clock is called DunedinPACE (Pace of Aging Computed from the Epigenome).
Aging clocks, or epigenetic clocks, are biomarkers based on DNA methylation that track aging. Intended to measure biological age, aging clocks predict age-related health issues. See our previous posts on aging clocks.
“What makes DunedinPACE unique is that, whereas other tests aim to measure how old or young a person is, DunedinPACE measures whether you are aging quickly or slowly,” said research leader Daniel Belsky in a press release issued by Columbia University.
A study published in e-Life reports that DunedinPACE is correlated with measures of biological age derived from blood chemistry and DNA methylation data, and with research participants' subjective perceptions of their own health. It also indicated a faster pace of aging in young adults with histories of exposure to poverty and victimization.
The study used data collected from the participants in the Dunedin Study, when they were all aged 26, 32, 38, and 45 years. In addition to the Dunedin Study, the researchers also used data from the Understanding Society Study, the Normative Aging Study, the Framingham Heart Study, and the Environmental Risk (E-Risk) Longitudinal Twin Study.
“Whereas other measures of aging are designed to capture all aging-related change accumulated across the life course, our measure is focused on changes occurring over the recent past,” added Belsky. “What is striking is that, even with this more restricted focus, DunedinPACE is equally precise as the best of the currently available tests in predicting disease, disability, and mortality in the future, and it adds value to risk assessments over and above these measures.”
The researchers are persuaded that DunedinPACE is an effective single-time-point measure that quantifies pace of aging with whole blood samples. It can be readily implemented in most DNA methylation datasets, making it immediately available for testing in a wide range of existing datasets as a complement to existing methylation measures of aging.
“DunedinPACE represents a novel measure of aging that can complement existing DNA methylation measures of aging to help advance the frontiers of geroscience,” concluded Belsky. “Together, these measurements can help us understand the factors that drive accelerated aging in at-risk populations and identify interventions that can slow aging to build aging health equity.”
The e-Life editor’s evaluation notes that DunedinPACE can be used to complement existing DNA methylation-based biomarkers, such as GrimAge (see our coverage of GrimAge).
Researchers at UC Los Angeles have developed an aging clock. This biomarker, known as DNA methylation GrimAge (DNAmGrimAge), allows one to predict lifespan and healthspan, and to test potential interventions that may slow or perhaps even reverse biological aging. Aging clocks, or epigenetic clocks, are biomarkers based on DNA methylation (DNAm) that track aging. Intended to measure biological age, epigenetic clocks predict age-related health issues. See our previous posts on aging clocks. “When it comes to predicting lifespan, GrimAge is 18% more accurate than calendar age and 14% better than previously-described epigenetic biomarkers,” explain researchers Ake Lu and Steve Horvath in a press release. “With regards to predicting time to coronary heart disease, GrimAge is 61% more accurate than chronological age and 46% better than previously-reported epigenetic biomarkers. In spite of this significant enhancement however, it must be noted that neither age nor DNAm GrimAge is particularly good at predicting time to heart disease.” Using samples from thousands of individuals, the researchers demonstrated that DNAm GrimAge stands out among existing epigenetic clocks. It has greater predictive ability for time-to-death, time-to-coronary heart disease, time-to-cancer, age-at-menopause, and fatty liver/excess visceral fat levels. The findings are reported in a research paper published in Aging. DNAm GrimAge shows the expected relationship with lifestyle factors including healthy diet. It measures an individual's risk of mortality by analyzing positions on the DNA where methyl groups change with age. “Over a thousand such specific positions are monitored by DNAmGrimAge which combines these values into an age estimate called GrimAge,” explains Lu in the press release. “If you fall within the top 5 percent of the fastest ‘agers’, your risk of death is sadly more than twice that of the average person. If however, you are within the bottom 5 percent of slowest agers, then happily, your risk is only half that of the average person.” The DNA positions used by GrimAge are those that track the levels of blood proteins that are known to be associated with health, as well as those that are associated with smoking history. “At this point, we don’t have any evidence that it’s clinically useful, because there are big error bars,” said Horvath as reported by MIT Technology Review. But the researchers are getting close to “answering the question that hangs over us all - and determining whether there is anything we can do to change the answer.” In fact, Horvath hopes that aging clocks will soon be precise enough to reflect changes in lifestyle and behavior. MIT Technology review notes that there are important implications for the life insurance sector. The researchers note that, despite their obvious strengths, DNAm-based biomarkers are expected to complement rather than replace traditional clinical biomarkers for aging such as blood glucose or blood pressure measurements. However, the conclusion of the abstract of the research paper is that “epigenetic biomarkers are expected to find many applications including human anti-aging studies.”
An international team of scientists from Serbia, Russia, and Australia investigated the effects of vitamin D3 supplements in female basketball players with low vitamin D levels. Vitamin D is known to play an important role in the regulation of calcium and phosphate, which is essential for bone health. It has also been suggested that vitamin D plays an important role in skeletal muscle function and metabolism. Athletes with low vitamin D levels are at risk of poor bone health, reduced muscle regenerative capacity after exercise, and impaired immune function. Therefore, maintaining proper vitamin D levels is likely important for athletes. A paper was recently published in European Journal of Sport Science. It reports on the methods and results of a study with the participation of 24 female basketball players with low vitamin D levels. 12 participants, older than 18, competed in the first division of the National Serbian League. The other 12 participants, younger than 18, competed in the second division of the National Serbian League. During the study, the older participants from the first division were training 10-12 hours and playing a maximum of two competition matches per week. The younger participants from the second division were training 6-8 hours and playing one competition match per week. The participants were divided into two groups, equal in size and age composition. The participants in one group received vitamin D3 supplements. And the participants in the other group received a placebo (dextrose). At the beginning of the six weeks study, all participants received a box containing 42 capsules of 4,000 IU of vitamin D3 or dextrose. This, according to the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academy of Science, is the upper tolerable limit. The vitamin D3 and dextrose capsules were identical in color, size, and packaging. All participants were instructed to consume one capsule of their assigned supplement daily for the 42-day duration of the study. Blood samples were taken in the morning, and several biomarkers in the blood were studied with state-of-the-art equipment and statistical analysis software. An important biomarker for the analysis was 25-hydroxyvitamin D, whose deficiency is indicative of vitamin D insufficiency. According to the scientists, this is the first study to examine the effect of vitamin D3 supplements on bone and muscle health in female basketball players with vitamin D inadequacy. The results of the study indicate that Vitamin D3 supplements at a dose of 4,000 IU/day for six weeks were effective at increasing the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood of female basketball players with vitamin D inadequacy. The results of the study also suggest that Vitamin D3 supplements have the potential to assist in reducing muscle damage and protect bone health in female basketball players with inadequate vitamin D status. Thrivous develops Tenacity Arthroprotector to enhance joint and bone function for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Vitamin D3, as well as complementary nutrients. As indicated by this study, Tenacity may reduce muscle damage and protect bone health during physical exertion. Get your Tenacity from the Thrivous online store today!
Scientists at Texas A&M University, University of Wisconsin, and consulting company Increnovo LLC, have evaluated the effects of acute (one-time) Ashwagandha extract ingestion on mental well-being and executive cognitive functions. Those functions include general attention, sustained attention, attentional shifting, and working memory. Ashwagandha has been reported to decrease stress, enhance mood, and improve cognitive function. However, whether acute ashwagandha supplementation improves memory and cognitive function has not been rigorously demonstrated so far. “Early studies with repeated ashwagandha supplementation in healthy populations showed improvements in cognitive performance, however, it is currently unknown if a one-time supplementation with ashwagandha has already beneficial effects on cognition,” said Increnovo scientist Ralf Jäger as reported by nutraingredients.com. “In our proof-of-concept study we evaluated the effects of acute ashwagandha ingestion.” Ashwagandha (Withania somnifera) is a plant found or grown in many regions, including India and Sri Lanka. It is also found in high-altitude areas such as the Himalayas. Ashwagandha has been used for over 3000 years in Ayurvedic medicine. It has been described as a rejuvenator “that promotes a youthful state of physical and mental health and expands happiness.” It has also been described as a “royal herb,” due to its rejuvenating neurological, immune energy-enhancing, endocrine, and reproductive effects. There are also reports that Ashwagandha has been used in the traditional Ayurvedic system of medicine to enhance memory, and improve cognition and physical performance. It has been suggested that Ashwagandha normalizes physiological processes in times of increased stress. In a paper published in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, the scientists describe the methods and results of a study with 13 healthy participants. First, the participants were administered a set of cognitive tests. Then, the participants ingested 400 mg of either placebo or Ashwagandha extract. Then, the participants were administered cognitive tests every hour for 6 hours. Finally, after 4 days, the participants repeated the experiment while receiving the remaining supplement. Those who previously received Ashwagandha extract now received placebo, and vice versa. The data were statistically analyzed. The set of cognitive tests included the Berg-Wisconsin Card Sorting Task test of reaction times and accuracy. They included the Go/No-Go test of sustained attention. They included the Sternberg Task Test of reaction time, accuracy, short-term and working memory. And they included the Psychomotor Vigilance Task Test of sustained attention and reaction times. Based on analysis of the data, the scientists conclude that one-time ingestion of 400 mg of Ashwagandha extract enhanced sustained attention. It also increased short-term memory and working memory. According to the scientists, the results of this study provide the first clinical evidence for some of the cognitive benefits of Ashwagandha. In healthy persons, one-time supplementation with Ashwagandha can improve certain aspects of cognitive performance. Thrivous develops Serenity Nightly Nootropic to enhance relaxation, sleep, and next-day focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Ashwagandha. As demonstrated by this study, the Ashwagandha in Serenity can enhance attention and memory. Get your Serenity online in the Thrivous store today.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has released Vitality Geroprotector Formula 2 with Mirtoselect® Blueberry Anthocyanin. Vitality is the advanced geroprotector supplement that Thrivous develops to enhance metabolism and cell function for better aging. Vitality combines geroprotector nutrients with the highest levels of evidence and the greatest magnitudes of effect, based on the best available science. The formula provides clinical doses of the following nutrients: Berberine with Milk Thistle Coenzyme Q10 Mirtoselect® Blueberry Anthocyanin (New) Vitality Formula 2 provides the same potency as the previous formula, but in half the number of capsules per serving. This was made possible by incorporating a Blueberry extract with higher concentration of Anthocyanin and greater bioavailability. Thrivous recommends 1 to 4 servings of 2 capsules of Vitality daily, for a total of 2 to 8 capsules daily. "We've enhanced the best geroprotector on the market," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "Vitality 2 puts the same amount of science in half the space. And this makes the routine of taking supplements easier for our customers." Mirtoselect® Blueberry Anthocyanin Each serving of Vitality Geroprotector Formula 2 provides a clinical dose of Blueberry extract, standardized for Anthocyanin. Blueberry is a group of plants with blue or purple berries, including the North American Blueberry and the Eurasian Bilberry. Multiple human studies show that Blueberry supplements protect DNA from oxidative damage. Vitality Formula 3 now provides the Mirtoselect® brand of Blueberry, extracted from the Eurasian Bilberry. It is standardized to 36% Anthocyanin, which is the highest concentration of Blueberry Anthocyanin on the market. A human study has also demonstrated that it is four times more bioavailable than common Blueberry extracts. Complementary Geroprotector Nutrients Each serving of Vitality Geroprotector also provides clinical doses of Berberine, Milk Thistle, and Coenzyme Q10. Berberine is a nutrient extracted from plants, such as Bilberry. Multiple human studies show that supplements enhance metabolism and support healthy blood sugar. Milk Thistle is a plant. The Milk Thistle extract in Vitality is standardized to 80% Silymarin, and dosed in a 1:5 ratio with Berberine. Multiple human studies show that Milk Thistle supplements enhance the bioavailability of Berberine. Coenzyme Q10 is a chemical produced by the human body. Multiple human studies show that supplements support healthy cell function. Science, Quality, and Transparency Geroprotectors are longevity technology. They support healthy aging and promote life extension. In pursuit of its mission, Thrivous develops advanced geroprotector supplements with exceptional science, rigorous quality, and total transparency. Vitality is one of several geroprotectors that Thrivous develops. Thrivous develops formulas based on the best scientific evidence from placebo-controlled human studies – the gold standard of health science. In consultation with an advisor board of physicians and scientists, Thrivous performs extensive analysis of decades of clinical research from scientists around the world. Algorithms rank hundreds of nutrients by parameters that include evidence, safety, and efficacy. And formulas incorporate only the highest-ranked nutrients and doses. Thrivous supplements pass through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Suppliers test each nutrient for identity, potency, and safety from harmful microbes and heavy metals. Third-party labs test each nutrient and their combination to double- and triple-check quality and safety. And manufacturing follows strict GMP regulation from the FDA at audited and certified facilities in the United States. Thrivous is committed to total transparency, making all science and quality documentation completely open source. Each supplement webpage provides a prominent link to download a summary of clinical studies, which summarizes and links to all scientific studies on which the supplement formula is based. Each supplement webpage also provides a prominent link to download a certificate of analysis and quality, which includes all documentation from suppliers, third-party labs, and manufacturing. Product Resources Thrivous makes all product, science, and quality information for Vitality Geroprotector available at the following locations: Product Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. Thrivous develops nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to combat aging. Each nutrient and each dose is based on multiple human studies. And its rigorous quality control is completely open source. For more information, contact support@thrivous.com. About Mirtoselect® Mirtoselect® is the original bilberry extract that is four times more bioavailable than common blueberry extracts. Mirtoselect® is a registered trademark of Indena, S.p.A., Milan, Italy. Use of this product may be protected by one or more U.S. patents and other international patents.
Scientists have studied the interaction between Vitamin B supplements and Omega 3 fatty acids with respect to cognitive health. Cognitive health is defined by the National Institute on Aging as “the ability to clearly think, learn, and remember.” Persons with elevated homocysteine levels tend to exhibit relatively poor cognitive performance. It has been suggested that Vitamin B supplements could lower homocysteine levels and thereby slow down cognitive decline. It has also been suggested that the efficacy of Vitamin B is dependent on Omega 3 fatty acid, becoming effective in individuals with higher Omega 3 plasma levels. These suggestions, however, haven’t been unanimously accepted. And that motivated scientists to conduct a thorough study based on extensive data. In a study published in European Journal of Nutrition, the scientists report the results of their investigation on whether the effect of Vitamin B on cognitive health depends on Omega 3 levels in cognitively healthy older adults. Rather than conducting a new trial, the scientists further analyzed data produced by the existing B-proof trial. The B-proof (B-Vitamins for the Prevention of Osteoporotic Fractures) trial collected data between October 2008 and March 2013 in the Netherlands. It investigated the effect of Vitamins B9 and B12 on bone health. However, cognitive function was measured as a secondary outcome. And the data related to cognitive health have been further analyzed in this new study. The participants in the B-proof study were men and women aged 65 years and older, with elevated plasma homocysteine levels. The participants received either intervention tablets with 400 µg B9 and 500 µg B12, or placebo tablets, for a period of 2 years. Both intervention and placebo tablets contained 15 µg of Vitamin D3. For this new study, the scientists analyzed data from 191 participants. The cognitive health of the participants in the B-proof study was assessed twice. The first assessment was at the beginning of the study. And the second was after two years of intervention. Assessments included an extensive battery of cognitive tests, administered by trained research assistants. For the new study, based on the B-proof data, the scientists further analyzed the effect of Vitamin B supplements on cognitive health as a function of Omega 3 levels. In particular, they looked at levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). After analysis, the scientists concluded that the effects of Vitamin B on the cognitive performance of older adults are related to plasma DHA levels. Higher plasma DHA levels increased the benefits of Vitamin B supplements. Thrivous develops its Clarity supplement to enhance brain function, and the Omega supplement to enhance cardiovascular function. Together in Thrivous Stack, they provide clinical doses of the most bioavailable forms of Vitamin B Complex and Omega 3, along with complementary science-backed nutrients to enhance cognitive performance and promote healthy longevity. As concluded by this study, the ingredients in Clarity and Omega can improve each other's effects when used together.
Scientists have studied the efficacy of turmeric-boswellia supplements in reducing exercise-induced acute muscle and bone pain. The study is published in Medicine. Muscle and bone pain is very common. Physical exercise has beneficial effects. But strenuous and eccentric exercise comes with a cost and injuries happen. It may lead to inflammation that causes pain in the body’s joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves, tendons, and structures that support the limbs, neck, and back. Curcumin and boswellic acids are the active ingredients of Turmeric rhizomes and Boswellia serrata gum resin. They are known to inhibit some of the factors that are directly involved in inflammatory processes. Curcumin, a bright yellow chemical produced by the turmeric plant, is approved as a food additive by the World Health Organization and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Extracts of Boswellia serrata have been shown to enhance joint function and comfort. This study was planned to understand the effect of a turmeric-boswellia formulation on exercise-induced moderate-to-severe acute musculoskeletal pain. Researchers also aimed to confirm earlier findings on a wider statistical sample. The scientists evaluated the efficacy of a single dose of 1000 mg of turmeric-boswellia formulation in reducing exercise-induced acute musculoskeletal pain. And they analyzed pain relief and improvement in pain at resting position, with movement, and while applying pressure on the affected body part. The scientists enrolled 232 healthy participants aged 18 to 65. Half were males and half females, with exercise-induced acute musculoskeletal pain. The participants enrolled had exercise-induced pain in lower back, shoulder, knee, lower body, and other parts of the body. Half of the participants received a single-day, single-dose of turmeric-boswellia formulation. And the other half received a placebo. The scientists found a significant and rapid pain reduction in the participants who received the treatment, compared to those who received the placebo. The analgesic (pain reduction) effect of the turmeric-boswellia formulation may be due to the presence of multiple natural anti-inflammatory ingredients, which act to improve acute neuroinflammation. The scientists conclude that exercise-induced acute muscle and bone pain of moderate-to-severe intensity can be effectively relieved by a single dose of 1000 mg of turmeric-boswellia formulation in about 3 hours. This is, the scientists suggest, an effective and safe natural alternative for the management of acute pain. Thrivous develops Tenacity Arthroprotector to enhance joint and bone function and comfort for better aging. Each serving provides clinical doses of Turmeric Curcumin and Boswellia Serrata. As shown in this study, Tenacity may enhance exercise recovery. Get your Tenacity from the online Thrivous store!
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has released Serenity Nightly Nootropic Formula 3 with KSM-66® Ashwagandha. Serenity is the advanced nootropic supplement that Thrivous develops to enhance relaxation, sleep, and next-day focus. Serenity combines nootropic nutrients with the highest levels of evidence and the greatest magnitudes of effect, based on the best available science. The formula provides clinical doses of the following nutrients: KSM-66® Ashwagandha (New) L Theanine Magnesium Glycinate Melatonin "Serenity has long been one of my personal favorites, both for sleep and potential anti-aging benefits," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "I also love hearing from our customers who report that Serenity helps them fall asleep quicker, and sleep more deeply and longer. What a difference that makes the next day. And those benefits accumulate over time to improve every aspect of life." KSM-66® Ashwagandha Each serving of Serenity Nightly Nootropic Formula 3 provides a clinical dose of Ashwagandha. Ashwagandha is an adaptogenic herb. Multiple human studies show that supplementation promotes relaxation, among other health and performance benefits. Serenity Formula 3 now provides the KSM-66® brand of Ashwagandha. It is the most clinically-studied and highest concentration full spectrum extract of Ashwagandha on the market. Complementary Nootropic Nutrients Each serving of Serenity Nightly Nootropic also provides clinical doses of L-Theanine, Magnesium Glycinate, and Melatonin. L-Theanine is an amino acid found in various herbs. Multiple human studies show that supplementation promotes relaxation. Magnesium Glycinate is an essential dietary mineral reacted with an amino acid. Multiple human studies show that supplementation promotes relaxation and enhances sleep quality. Melatonin is a bioidentical hormone. Multiple human studies show that supplementation promotes sleep. Multiple human studies also show that long-term supplementation is generally safe. Science, Quality, and Transparency Nootropics are cognitive technology. They support healthy brain function and enhance mental ability. In pursuit of its mission, Thrivous develops advanced nootropic supplements with exceptional science, rigorous quality, and total transparency. Serenity is one of several nootropics that Thrivous develops. Thrivous develops formulas based on the best scientific evidence from placebo-controlled human studies – the gold standard of health science. In consultation with an advisor board of physicians and scientists, Thrivous performs extensive analysis of decades of clinical research from scientists around the world. Algorithms rank hundreds of nutrients by parameters that include evidence, safety, and efficacy. And formulas incorporate only the highest-ranked nutrients and doses. Thrivous supplements pass through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Suppliers test each nutrient for identity, potency, and safety from harmful microbes and heavy metals. Third-party labs test each nutrient and their combination to double- and triple-check quality and safety. And manufacturing follows strict GMP regulation from the FDA at audited and certified facilities in the United States. Thrivous is committed to total transparency, making all science and quality documentation completely open source. Each supplement webpage provides a prominent link to download a summary of clinical studies, which summarizes and links to all scientific studies on which the supplement formula is based. Each supplement webpage also provides a prominent link to download a certificate of analysis and quality, which includes all documentation from suppliers, third-party labs, and manufacturing. Product Resources Thrivous makes all product, science, and quality information available at the following locations: Product Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. Thrivous develops nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to combat aging. Each nutrient and each dose is based on multiple human studies. And its rigorous quality control is completely open source. For more information, contact support@thrivous.com. About KSM-66® KSM-66® is the most clinically-studied and highest concentration full spectrum extract of Ashwagandha on the market. KSM-66® is a registered trademark of Ixoreal Biomed Inc. Use of this product may be protected by one or more U.S. patents and other international patents.
Australian researchers have found that anthocyanin in dietary supplements shows promise for memory enhancement and support of healthy cognitive aging. A paper is published in Nutritional Research. The researchers describe the result of a study that investigated the association between anthocyanin intake and indices of memory and cognition in forty older adults with mild cognitive impairment. Anthocyanins are flavonoids that provide purple, red, and blue pigmentation in fruits and vegetables, such as blueberries, plums, and cherries. Flavonoids are compounds found in plant-based foods, which have been suggested to support healthy aging of the neurological and cardiovascular systems. Flavonoids regulate blood pressure, and are thought to have anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative action on neurons. For example, previous human studies have shown that dietary supplements containing Blueberry anthocyanin may support brain health. And supplements containing Bacopa Monnieri flavonoids may enhance memory. The objective of this study was to comprehensively investigate the effects of anthocyanin intake on memory and cognition in older adults with mild cognitive impairment. In particular, the researchers wanted to explore whether cognitive performance differed between consumers of higher and lower anthocyanin doses. Forty participants, 21 men and 19 women, were recruited to take part in an 8-week randomized controlled trial (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001184268 ). All participants were aged 50 or more, with a clinical diagnosis of possible or probable mild cognitive impairment. The primary aim of the trial was to determine whether a cognitive training intervention and anthocyanin supplements would prevent further cognitive decline or improve cognitive performance. The participants consumed different foods containing different amounts of anthocyanin. And they were split into two groups according to their average daily anthocyanin intake. The participants consuming less than 10mg per day were categorized as lower intake consumers. And those consuming more than 10mg per day were categorized as higher intake consumers. The cognitive performance of all participants was evaluated with tests like the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. This is a widely used and well-validated cognitive test. It consists of five consecutive trials in which participants recall a list of 15 words that have been read aloud to them. The results of the study indicate that higher intake anthocyanin consumers demonstrated better memory retention. For example, they recalled between 2 and 3 words more than lower intake anthocyanin consumers after a short delay. Higher anthocyanin intakes were also associated with a slower rate of forgetting, with higher intake consumers forgetting around 2 words less on average after a long delay. Therefore, the hypothesis that higher consumption of anthocyanins is associated with better cognitive performance is confirmed by the study. Thrivous develops Vitality Geroprotector to promote healthy cellular and metabolic function for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Blueberry anthocyanin, as well as complementary nutrients. As demonstrated by this study, Vitality may also enhance memory retention, decrease forgetfulness, and support healthy brain function for better aging. Get your Vitality today!
Cognition: Learn. Experience. Sense. Think. Store. Recall. Use. Act. Life revolves around acquiring information, turning information into workable knowledge, making decisions, and then acting. Information comes through mental exertion, memories, and sensory input. Our ability to learn, think, and act comes naturally. For the most part, we do not even think about the processes we go through every day. We work, drive, cook meals, play with the dog, etc. And we instinctively know where we are and our next step. I grew up playing ball. In my youth, I had an uncanny ability to read a court. Instinctively I knew how fast I was going, how quick I could turn, where the other players were, where the ball was, and where the holes in the defense were. Middle age has crept up on me. Recently, I shut the door with a flick of my left hand. A move I’ve repeated so many times, I do it without conscious thought. But this time, I shut the door on the fingers of my left hand. I shut it so hard, I ended up losing two fingernails. After I stopped jumping and hollering in pain, my thought was how could I not know in space and time where the door frame was in comparison to the timing of my hand? The only explanation that seemed reasonable was that my brain took a mini vacation. Supporting Cognition The thought of living life with reduced cognitive abilities sounds daunting. After a lifetime of working to embrace the golden years, cognitive decline can cost a great deal more than a couple of fingernails. It robs the potential to learn, experience, create, enjoy, and live life to the fullest. The best way to support cognition for healthy aging is by recognizing and embracing the fact that what you do today influences the rest of your tomorrows. Longitudinal research studies indicate cognitive decline starts much earlier than observable symptoms. Cognitive decline may begin even before we reach middle age (40-65 years). It is never too early to make healthy lifestyle choices. In fact, one research study found that “higher intake of B vitamins throughout young adulthood was associated with better cognitive function in middle life.” No matter what your age, making healthy lifestyle choices today supports active cognitive aging. A nutritional diet, appropriate sleep, exercise, and the right dietary supplements act cumulatively to reduce neurotoxins and systemic inflammation. Neurotoxins poison brain cells, neurons, and nerves. Systemic inflammation is associated with a host of health-related issues, including neurodegenerative disorders. Thrivous Clarity and Alpha Stack Doing regular chores around the house keeps the home environment pleasant and in working order. What happens if you neglect the dishes for a week? For one thing, dried gunk is harder to remove, and it takes longer to clean them. The same thing happens inside our body when toxins and inflammation build up. Thrivous Clarity and Alpha Stack is loaded with scientifically backed antioxidants and anti-inflammatories to support healthy cognitive aging. It combats neurotoxins and systemic inflammation on a biochemical level. Along with cognition and healthy cognitive aging, Thrivous Clarity helps boost mood, improve sleep quality, and reduce fatigue. Thrivous Alpha has additional ingredients that further boost cognition and healthy cognitive aging. These scientifically-backed ingredients in Clarity and Alpha Stack support: Current Cognition: Bacopa Monnieri, L Theanine, Rhodiola Rosea, B Vitamins, Alpha GPC, R Alpha Lipoic Acid, Phosphatidylserine, and Ginkgo Biloba Sleep Quality: L Theanine Fighting Fatigue: Rhodiola Rosea, B Vitamins, and Acetyl L Carnitine Mood: L Theanine, Rhodiola Rosea, and Zinc Picolinate Metabolism: B Vitamins and Acetyl L Carnitine Healthy Cognitive Aging (including protecting brain cells and neuromodulators): Acetyl L Carnitine, Alpha GPC, R Alpha Lipoic Acid, and Phosphatidylserine For individuals experiencing or concerned about cognitive issues associated with aging, these scientifically-backed ingredients in Clarity and Alpha Stack may support: Slowing the Rate of Mental Deterioration: Acetyl L Carnitine and Ginkgo Biloba Current Cognitive Functioning: Alpha GPC Thrivous is dedicated to providing high-quality, scientifically-backed supplements in their most bioavailable form. For more detailed information on the scientifically-backed ingredients and clinical dosages in Thrivous Clarity and Alpha, please see the following articles: Enhance Cognitive Function with Thrivous Clarity Enhance Cognitive Aging with Thrivous Alpha These statements have not been evaluated by the US Food and Drug Administration. Products are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Put the Stack to Work for You Thrivous Clarity and Alpha Stack is designed to be used daily for extended periods. Optimal dosages may vary depending on individual size and sensitivity. For healthy adults, start with low doses and slowly increase the dosage based on results. Thrivous Clarity: Take 2 capsules with a morning or daytime meal. Maximum daily dosage: 4 capsules. The ingredients in Clarity generally begin to take effect within an hour. Thrivous Alpha: Take 4 capsules with a morning or daytime meal. Maximum daily dosage: 16 capsules. The ingredients in Thrivous Clarity may take up to three months of daily use to realize maximum results. The benefits of Thrivous Alpha may accumulate over years of extended use. Power of the Stack It is true. Life happens. Some things in life are out of your control. But you can put yourself in the best position for healthy cognitive aging by making intentional choices. Diet, exercise, and sleep all contribute to healthy aging. Add the nootropics in Thrivous Clarity and Alpha Stack to your regimen to better support your life goals. A clear, cognitive mind. Active, engaged living. And happy, healthy enjoyment of the things you love most.
Nanotechnology engineers at UC San Diego have developed microscopic robots, called "microrobots." They can swim around in the lungs, deliver medication, and be used to clear up life-threatening cases of bacterial pneumonia. "Our goal is to do targeted drug delivery into more challenging parts of the body, like the lungs. And we want to do it in a way that is safe, easy, biocompatible and long lasting," says research co-leader Liangfang Zhang in a press release issued by UC San Diego. "That is what we've demonstrated in this work." The engineers had previously developed drug-delivering microrobots that can be safely used in live animals to treat bacterial infections in the stomach and blood. Treating bacterial lung infections is the latest in their line of work. "With an IV injection, sometimes only a very small fraction of antibiotics will get into the lungs. That's why many current antibiotic treatments for pneumonia don't work as well as needed, leading to very high mortality rates in the sickest patients," adds co-author Victor Nizet. "Based on these mouse data, we see that the microrobots could potentially improve antibiotic penetration to kill bacterial pathogens and save more patients' lives." A paper is published in Nature Materials. Engineers report that the microrobots safely eliminated pneumonia-causing bacteria in the lungs of laboratory mice, and resulted in 100% survival. All mice treated with the microrobots survived past 30 days, while untreated mice died within three days. The paper explains that the microrobots are made of algae cells, whose surfaces are speckled with antibiotic-filled nanoparticles. The microrobots leverage the native movement system of the algae cells to swim around and deliver antibiotics directly to the bacteria in the lungs. The nanoparticles containing the antibiotics also contain biomaterials that absorb and neutralize inflammatory molecules produced by the bacteria and the body's immune system. This gives the microrobots the ability to reduce harmful inflammation, which makes them more effective at fighting lung infection. "These results show how targeted drug delivery combined with active movement from the microalgae improves therapeutic efficacy," summarizes research co-leader Joseph Wang. After treatment, the body's immune cells efficiently digest the algae, along with any remaining nanoparticles. Nothing toxic is left behind. The engineers are persuaded that these findings highlight the attractive functions of algae-nanoparticle hybrid microrobots for the delivery of therapeutics to the lungs in intensive care unit settings. The research work will continue with more studies to validate the microrobot treatment, scaling up before testing in larger animals, and eventually in humans. "We're pushing the boundary further in the field of targeted drug delivery," concludes Zhang. This shows that nanoparticle-based medicine is promising and could have a real clinical impact in, say, a decade or two. And it’s worth bearing in mind that the longer-term medical potential of advanced nanotechnology, as described in Eric Drexler’s classic book " Engines of Creation," is huge.
Chinese scientists have developed a new technique for programmable chromosome fusion. And they've used the new technique in the laboratory to produce mice with genetic changes that occur on a million-year evolutionary scale. “One of the goals in synthetic biology is to generate complex multicellular life with designed DNA sequences,” write the scientists in a paper published in Science. “Being able to manipulate DNA at large scales, including at the chromosome level, is an important step toward this goal.” Before this work, chromosome-level genetic engineering had been accomplished only in yeast. But now the scientists applied gene editing to embryonic stem cells and produced laboratory mice with 19 pairs of chromosomes, one pair fewer than is standard in this species. A press release issued by the Chinese Academy of Sciences emphasizes that the findings indicate that chromosome level engineering can be achieved in mammals. And they provide critical insight into how chromosomal rearrangements may influence evolution. “Some engineering mice showed abnormal behavior and postnatal overgrowth, whereas others exhibited decreased fecundity, suggesting that although the change of genetic information was limited, fusion of animal chromosomes could have profound effects,” says LI Zhikun, co-first author of the paper, in the press release. Li adds that the findings show that chromosomal rearrangement “is the driving force behind species evolution and important for reproductive isolation, providing a potential route for large-scale engineering of DNA in mammals.” Using CRISPR, the scientists swapped two genetic chunks of different chromosomes. Two chunks of different chromosomes were artificially fused together, explains SingularityHub, “in a daring experiment that asked: rather than tweaking individual DNA letters or multiple genes, can we retune an existing genomic playbook wholesale, shuffling massive blocks of genetic material around at the same time?” The explainer notes that gene editing is like copy editing, “changing a typo here and there, or fixing multiple grammatical errors with carefully-placed tweaks.” But chromosome-level genetic engineering “is like rearranging multiple paragraphs or shifting complete sections of an article and simultaneously hoping the changes add capabilities that can be passed onto the next generation.” “This means that, for the first time in the world, we have achieved complete chromosomal rearrangement in mammals, making a new breakthrough in synthetic biology,” said Li as reported by South China Morning Post. “This research is a breakthrough in bioengineering technology, helping to understand the impact of large-scale remodelling of mammalian chromosomes, and to gain a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind growth and development, reproductive evolution, and even the creation of a species.” The scientists are persuaded that this new technology could also help find cures to conditions like infertility and diseases like cancer, “because it lets scientists observe and control the complex activities of chromosomes in mammalian cells.” It seems clear that new discoveries and techniques in DNA engineering are piling up with an accelerating pace. And their impact is likely to be very deep.
Immusoft, a biotechnology company based in Seattle, has announced that the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) “has agreed to let it move forward with the first study in humans of a new type of gene therapy, using genetically engineered B cells.” The are immune system cells that make antibodies, MIT Technology Review reports. Immusoft plans to harness B cells to treat a rare inherited disease called MPS I. “I feel 100% confident in stating we are the first to get the green light to enter clinical trials,” said Sean Ainsworth, CEO of Immusoft, as reported by MIT Technology Review. A press release issued by Immusoft explains that MPS I is a rare genetic disease that affects the body’s ability to produce an essential enzyme. It results in progressive damage to tissues and organs. Children with MPS I require frequent infusions, which impacts quality of life and is expensive. The disease affects the body’s ability to break down long-chain sugars inside cells. When the sugar chains cannot be broken down and disposed of, they accumulate in the cells and cause progressive damage. This accumulation can happen in the tissues, including the brain. Children affected by the most severe form of the disease rarely live longer than ten years after diagnosis. Severe MPS I occurs in about 1 in 100,000 births. And symptoms appear within a child’s first year of life. In what is referred to as attenuated MPS I, symptoms appear later in childhood. It occurs in about 1 in 500,000 births. Patients with the illness are currently treated with weekly infusions of the missing enzyme. But it’s not enough to cure the disease outright. Immusoft says it can engineer B cells to produce the enzyme instead. “There is a clear need for additional therapies for MPS I, as current interventions are not curative and significant disease related morbidity still exists,” said Paul Orchard, a professor at University of Minnesota who will be the principal investigator on the study. Immusoft’s ISP-001 ( Immune System Programming 001) will be the first engineered B cell therapy to enter into human clinical trials. The ISP technology permits engineering B cells to create biofactories for in vivo therapeutic protein delivery. The concept is to engineer B cells so that they manufacture other proteins instead of antibodies. In other words, ISP modifies a patient’s B cells and instructs the cells to produce gene-encoded medicines. The B cells that are reprogrammed using ISP become miniature drug factories that are expected to persist for many years. “The ISP platform is a first-in-class technology and a pioneering new approach to treat human disease,” said Robert Sikorski, Chief Medical Officer of Immusoft. “It has been rewarding to collaborate with patients, the FDA, investigators, and the Immusoft organization to achieve this important milestone and to launch the first-in-human clinical study.” In the Immusoft press release, Ainsworth refers to the FDA green light as “a historic moment in the field of cell and gene therapies.”
Brazilian researchers have studied the effect of Panax Ginseng on muscle force and muscle excitation during an eccentric-based exercise. They also studied the effect on subsequent muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle soreness. Eccentric-based exercise is defined as exercise that includes repeated muscle contractions under load. More and more athletes use dietary supplements derived from herbs such as Panax Ginseng to reduce exercise-induced muscle damage. It has been reported, for example, that Panax Ginseng supplementation for a week decreases markers of muscle damage after uphill running. Panax Ginseng is considered a legal sport supplement, as it is not listed as a prohibited substance by the World Anti-Doping Agency. The study was motivated by the lack of detailed information about the use of Panax Ginseng to attenuate the effects of a resistance exercise with eccentric emphasis. Resistance training with eccentric emphasis is largely used to enhance muscle force and prevent injuries in athletes. An excessive eccentric workload, however, may have a negative consequence on exercise performance. Based on previous preliminary results, the researchers hypothesized that Panax Ginseng would increase muscle excitation and attenuate perceived effort during the eccentric-based exercise. That, in turn, would mitigate the muscle damage, delayed-onset muscle soreness, and force reduction over the recovery period. A paper is published in Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. The researchers report the methods and results of a study of the effects of Panax Ginseng supplements on young male athletes. The participants in the study, ten young male runners, sprinters, and jumpers, had been training regularly six times per week and had competed at the national level in the year before the study. The main finding of this study was that Panax Ginseng attenuated perceived effort and increased muscle excitation during a dynamic exercise with eccentric emphasis. The study did not confirm that Panax Ginseng reduced markers of muscle damage and delayed-onset muscle soreness after the eccentric-based exercise. But the study did confirm that Panax Ginseng accelerated the recovery of muscle force and increased the associated muscle excitation. The researchers conclude that an 8-day protocol of Panax Ginseng might be used to improve muscle excitation and accelerate recovery of neuromuscular function after an eccentric exercise. The researchers are persuaded that the results of this study are applicable to young athletes who practice sports with a high eccentric component, and to athletes who compete several times on the same day and/or over consecutive days. Panax Ginseng supplementation at doses of 100 mg per kilogram of body mass, administered in 3 doses a day for 8 days, may accelerate muscle recovery and improve muscle force. Thrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Panax Ginseng, along with complementary nutrients. As suggested by this study, Thrivous Surge may enhance muscle force and recovery. Purchase Surge online in the Thrivous store today!
In May, City of Hope and Imugene Limited announced that the first patient was dosed in a phase 1 clinical trial evaluating the safety of a new oncolytic (cancer-killing) virus. It's called CF33-hNIS Vaxinia. And it's used in people with advanced solid tumors. The trial is expected to run for two years. City of Hope is one of the largest cancer research and treatment organizations in the United States. And Imugene Limited is a clinical-stage immuno-oncology company. Oncolytic viruses are designed to both selectively kill cancer cells and activate the immune system against cancer cells. They have the potential to improve clinical response and survival. Oncolytic viruses are based on viruses found in nature. The viruses are genetically modified to infect, replicate in, and kill cancer cells, while sparing healthy cells. Oncolytic virus therapy seems to me to be an elegant and very promising approach to cancer therapy. Once perfected in the lab and validated by clinical trials, it could make a real difference to cancer patients. The oncolytic virus developed by City of Hope has been shown to shrink colon, lung, breast, ovarian, and pancreatic cancer tumors. This has been done in preclinical laboratory and animal models. “Our previous research demonstrated that oncolytic viruses can stimulate the immune system to respond to and kill cancer, as well as stimulate the immune system to be more responsive to other immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitors,” said principal investigator Daneng Li. “Now is the time to further enhance the power of immunotherapy, and we believe CF33-hNIS has the potential to improve outcomes for our patients in their battle with cancer.” CF33 is a combination of genomic sequences from multiple vaccinia virus strains to generate a new, safer, and more potent virus. The vaccinia virus spreads rapidly from cell to cell and is highly toxic for many types of cancer cells. When combined with an extra gene called hNIS, CF33 is called Vaxinia. hNIS enables imaging to track the virus in vivo and mediate targeted radiotherapy. CF33 with hNIS, along with other genes that enable enhancement of anti-cancer immunotherapy, is called CHECKVacc. “Interestingly, the same characteristics that eventually make cancer cells resistant to chemotherapy or radiation treatment actually enhance the success of oncolytic viruses, such as CF33-hNIS,” said Yuman Fong. Fong played a key role in developing the genetically modified virus. He continued, “We are hoping to harness the promise of virology and immunotherapy for the treatment of a wide variety of deadly cancers.” Last month, Imugene announced that City of Hope had dosed the first patient in cohort 3 in the phase I clinical trial of the CHECKvacc variant. The trial is recruiting patients with triple negative metastatic breast cancer that has spread to other places in the body. “We are pleased with the continued progress being made in this trial,” said Imugene CEO Leslie Chong. CHECKvacc has the potential to improve clinical response and survival in this indication where there are currently no meaningful treatments, and we are eager to deliver on that.”
Do current worries and concerns have you wound up? Are they affecting your concentration or sleep patterns? In my family, such things have wreaked havoc for weeks, causing meltdowns and feelings of being trapped. If you are restless, irritable, easily fatigued, have unexplained stomach pain or headaches, or cannot stem the flow of fearful thoughts, you are not alone. The pandemic, global contentions, supply chain issues, political strife, natural disasters, and other tensions have generated new levels of stress. Are you seeking natural ways to quiet the mind? To enhance feeling calm? And to focus your mind and efforts? Adding Thrivous Clarity and Serenity Stack to your daily routine incorporates scientifically-proven biochemical components to help improve mood, support cognition, fight fatigue, and enhance sleep quality. Clarity and Serenity Stack is designed to enhance mood and well-being along with supporting healthy aging. Breaking Down the Stack The ingredients contained in Thrivous Clarity and Thrivous Serenity have been subject to numerous clinical trials. Clinical trials use established scientific methods, techniques, and controls to generate reliable data. This includes selecting random participants, blind placebo controls, laboratory testing, and established evaluation measures. Not surprisingly, some ingredients contained in Clarity and Serenity have been clinically shown to support the system in more than one way. Thrivous provides links to associated clinical research data on its website for both Clarity and Serenity for public perusal. Here is a tabulated breakdown of the benefits of the ingredients contained in Thrivous Clarity and Serenity Stack. Ingredient Mood Cognition Energy Sleep Healthy Aging * L Theanine is well tolerated in large doses with no observed toxicity. Animal and human trials find improved sleep quality with 250-400 mg of daily L Theanine supplementation. Clarity contains 100% or more of the recommended daily value of every B Vitamin. Bacopa Monnieri (Clarity 320 mg) X X L Theanine* (Clarity 200 mg & Serenity 200 mg) X X X Rhodiola Rosea (Clarity 170 mg) X X X B Vitamins (Clarity) X X Zinc (Clarity 11 mg) X X Ashwagandha (Serenity 300 mg) X X X Magnesium (Serenity 150 mg) X X X Melatonin (Serenity 5 mg) X X X Thrivous formulations use the latest scientific research at clinically-proven effective dosages. Clarity and Serenity Stack provides the best vitamin, mineral, and herbal combination to enhance mood, cognition, and healthy brain aging. Instead of hiding ingredient amounts in blends, Thrivous openly states product formulations for educated consumer consumption. Here at Thrivous, we believe informed consumers can better manage their well-being for healthy and happy living. More in-depth information regarding the formulation of Clarity and Serenity can be found in these articles: Enhance Cognitive Function with Thrivous Clarity Promote Restorative Sleep with Thrivous Serenity Make the Stack Work for You Clarity and Serenity Stack works best when taken in the following manner: Morning Dose: Take 2 Clarity capsules with your first meal of the day. The ingredients in Clarity normally take effect within one hour. Clarity becomes most effective within 2-3 months of daily use. Clarity is designed to be taken daily. Evening Dose: Take 2 Serenity capsules approximately an hour before heading to bed. The ingredients in Serenity normally take effect within 1 hour. Serenity is designed to be used nightly. Performance Days: We all have days when we need to perform at our absolute best. These days include exam days, presentation days, competition days, audition days, etc. On performance days, link the power of Thrivous Clarity with Thrivous Surge for an additional energy and focus boost. Surge is designed to be used occasionally. The Power of the Stack Mental health looms large in my immediate family. Linking cognitive therapy strategies with the regular use of Ashwagandha, L Theanine, Magnesium, and Melatonin has significantly improved the sleep quality and overall well-being of many of my family members. Whew! Thrivous Clarity and Thrivous Serenity make it simple to support mood, cognition, sleep, and healthy cognitive aging. Quiet, calm, and focus your mind today with Thrivous Clarity and Serenity Stack.
Scientists in China and Singapore have developed a novel artificial neuron. It can both release and receive dopamine. And it opens the door to using chemical signals in brain-machine interfaces (BMIs). “The brain’s native language is chemical, but current brain-machine interfaces all use an electrical language,” says Benhui Hu (Nanjing Medical University), as reported by New Scientist. “So we devised an artificial neuron to duplicate the way a real neuron communicates.” Organic neurons in the brain communicate by exchanging chemicals called " neurotransmitters " along communication channels called "synapses." A paper is published in Nature Electronics. The scientists describe an artificial neuron that can receive and release the neurotransmitter dopamine. The artificial neuron detects dopamine using an electrochemical sensor with a graphene and carbon nanotube electrode. If enough dopamine is detected by the sensor, a memristor triggers the release of more dopamine at the other end through a heat-activated hydrogel. The memristor can change the threshold strength of the input dopamine signal that is required to trigger the release of output dopamine. This is similar to how neurons in the brain change how much neurotransmitter is sent between connections in response to external stimuli. Such plasticity is essential for learning. “To chemically communicate with biological neurons, bioelectronics should at least possess three basic functionalities: neurotransmitter recognition, synaptic plasticity, and firing of action potentials and releasing of neurotransmitters,” note the scientists in the paper. The system responds to dopamine and releases dopamine in a chemical communication loop similar to the chemical communications between organic neurons. Experimenting with rat brain cells in the lab, the scientists have shown that the artificial neuron can trigger the controllable movement of a rat leg and robotic hand. “The scientists connected the chip to a nerve in a mouse’s leg,” explains SingularityHub. “Depending on the level of dopamine, the leg flexed... in another proof of concept, the team hooked up the chip to a robotic hand.” “This actually has quite a lot of potential for expanding into more sophisticated learning systems,” comments Yoeri van de Burgt (Eindhoven University of Technology), as reported by New Scientist. “You can do a lot of new cool things here.” The scientist explains that the current device is too big for applications to BMIs. But it could be used in prosthetic devices. Looking farther ahead, this research program could enable future BMIs to use chemical communications besides electric communications. “Such chemical BMIs could complement electrical BMIs, potentially allowing neuronal information to be correctly and comprehensively interpreted for use in neuroprosthetics, human-machine interactions, and cyborg construction,” say the scientists as reported by SingularityHub. There’s also the possibility that electrical BMIs could be unable to “comprehensively interpret human consciousness.” In this case, BMIs able to use the brain’s native chemical information could boost consciousness studies.
Nootropics are substances that enhance cognition and support healthy brain function. Sometimes people refer to them as "smart drugs" or the "limitless pill." They include various foods, nutraceuticals (supplements), and pharmaceuticals (drugs). Unfortunately none comes close to enabling any fiction-inspired capacities of superintelligence (yet), but some may make a practical difference for many people. I’ve used several nootropics for years. And I’m exploring ways to incorporate others into my diet, if they’re applicable to my personal situation and meet a few general criteria: First, I look for nootropics supported by multiple studies on humans – not just anecdotal evidence, one study, or studies on non-human animals. Although I've nothing against the health benefits of placebo, I prefer knowing that something more than only placebo is at work. Second, I look for nootropics with the highest ratios of efficacy to expense. Given innumerable options and a limited budget, I want to do more than just empty my wallet. Third, I look for nootropics that are legal and generally safe. If it'll put me in a hospital or a prison, it’s not worth it. Based on those criteria, I’ve compiled a list of top tier natural nootropics that actually work. These are, to the best of my knowledge, the most well-researched and effective nootropics available in the United States without a prescription. This information is for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice. Please consult a physician before and during use of these and other nootropics. 1) Ashwagandha Ashwagandha, also known as Withania Somnifera, is a plant in the nightshade family and cultivated in Asia. Supplements may enhance relaxation, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: Langade D, Kanchi S, Salve J, Debnath K, Ambegaokar D. Cureus. 2019 Sep 28;11(9):e5797. doi: 10.7759/cureus.5797. PMID: 31728244; PMCID: PMC6827862. Lopresti AL, Smith SJ, Malvi H, Kodgule R. Medicine (Baltimore). 2019 Sep;98(37):e17186. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000017186. PMID: 31517876; PMCID: PMC6750292. Salve J, Pate S, Debnath K, Langade D. Cureus. 2019 Dec 25;11(12):e6466. doi: 10.7759/cureus.6466. PMID: 32021735; PMCID: PMC6979308. Chengappa KNR, Brar JS, Gannon JM, Schlicht PJ. J Clin Psychiatry. 2018 Jul 10;79(5):17m11826. doi: 10.4088/JCP.17m11826. PMID: 29995356. Choudhary D, Bhattacharyya S, Joshi K. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017 Jan;22(1):96-106. doi: 10.1177/2156587216641830. Epub 2016 Apr 6. PMID: 27055824; PMCID: PMC5871210. Chandrasekhar K, Kapoor J, Anishetty S. Indian J Psychol Med. 2012 Jul;34(3):255-62. doi: 10.4103/0253-7176.106022. PMID: 23439798; PMCID: PMC3573577. Cooley K, Szczurko O, Perri D, Mills EJ, Bernhardt B, Zhou Q, Seely D. PLoS One. 2009 Aug 31;4(8):e6628. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006628. PMID: 19718255; PMCID: PMC2729375. Mahdi AA, Shukla KK, Ahmad MK, Rajender S, Shankhwar SN, Singh V, Dalela D. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2009 Sep 29;2011:576962. doi: 10.1093/ecam/nep138. Epub ahead of print. PMID: 19789214; PMCID: PMC3136684. Andrade C, Aswath A, Chaturvedi SK, Srinivasa M, Raguram R. Indian J Psychiatry. 2000 Jul;42(3):295-301. PMID: 21407960; PMCID: PMC2958355. Ashwagandha supplements may also enhance energy, motivation, social functioning, and subjective well-being. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Ashwagandha article at Examine.com for more studies and details. The KSM-66® extract of Ashwagandha is an ingredient in Thrivous Serenity Nightly Nootropic. 2) Bacopa Monnieri Bacopa Monnieri is a perennial creeping herb native to wetlands worldwide. Supplements may enhance memory, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: Benson S, Downey LA, Stough C, Wetherell M, Zangara A, Scholey A. Phytother Res. 2014 Apr;28(4):551-9. doi: 10.1002/ptr.5029. Epub 2013 Jun 21. PMID: 23788517. Downey LA, Kean J, Nemeh F, Lau A, Poll A, Gregory R, Murray M, Rourke J, Patak B, Pase MP, Zangara A, Lomas J, Scholey A, Stough C. Phytother Res. 2013 Sep;27(9):1407-13. doi: 10.1002/ptr.4864. Epub 2012 Dec 19. PMID: 23281132. Peth-Nui T, Wattanathorn J, Muchimapura S, Tong-Un T, Piyavhatkul N, Rangseekajee P, Ingkaninan K, Vittaya-Areekul S. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:606424. doi: 10.1155/2012/606424. Epub 2012 Dec 18. PMID: 23320031; PMCID: PMC3537209. Morgan A, Stevens J. J Altern Complement Med. 2010 Jul;16(7):753-9. doi: 10.1089/acm.2009.0342. PMID: 20590480. Calabrese C, Gregory WL, Leo M, Kraemer D, Bone K, Oken B. J Altern Complement Med. 2008 Jul;14(6):707-13. doi: 10.1089/acm.2008.0018. PMID: 18611150; PMCID: PMC3153866. Stough C, Downey LA, Lloyd J, Silber B, Redman S, Hutchison C, Wesnes K, Nathan PJ. Phytother Res. 2008 Dec;22(12):1629-34. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2537. PMID: 18683852. Raghav S, Singh H, Dalal PK, Srivastava JS, Asthana OP. Indian J Psychiatry. 2006 Oct;48(4):238-42. doi: 10.4103/0019-5545.31555. PMID: 20703343; PMCID: PMC2915594. Roodenrys S, Booth D, Bulzomi S, Phipps A, Micallef C, Smoker J. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2002 Aug;27(2):279-81. doi: 10.1016/S0893-133X(01)00419-5. PMID: 12093601. Stough C, Lloyd J, Clarke J, Downey LA, Hutchison CW, Rodgers T, Nathan PJ. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2001 Aug;156(4):481-4. doi: 10.1007/s002130100815. Erratum in: Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2015 Jul;232(13):2427. Dosage error in article text. PMID: 11498727. Kongkeaw C, Dilokthornsakul P, Thanarangsarit P, Limpeanchob N, Norman Scholfield C. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;151(1):528-35. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.11.008. Epub 2013 Nov 16. PMID: 24252493. Neale C, Camfield D, Reay J, Stough C, Scholey A. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2013 Mar;75(3):728-37. doi: 10.1111/bcp.12002. PMID: 23043278; PMCID: PMC3575939. Bacopa Monnieri supplements may also enhance mood. Evidence for this effect may not be as reliable. See the Bacopa Monnieri article at Examine.com for more studies and details. Also check out my article on Bacopa supplements. The Synapsa® extract of Bacopa is an ingredient in Thrivous Clarity Daily Nootropic. 3) Feverfew Feverfew is a perennial herb that was native to Eurasia and has spread around the world. Supplements may decrease migraine, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: Pfaffenrath V, Diener HC, Fischer M, Friede M, Henneicke-von Zepelin HH; Investigators. Cephalalgia. 2002 Sep;22(7):523-32. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00396.x. PMID: 12230594. Murphy JJ, Heptinstall S, Mitchell JR. Lancet. 1988 Jul 23;2(8604):189-92. doi: 10.1016/s0140-6736(88)92289-1. PMID: 2899663. Pfaffenrath V, Diener HC, Fischer M, Friede M, Henneicke-von Zepelin HH; Investigators. Cephalalgia. 2002 Sep;22(7):523-32. doi: 10.1046/j.1468-2982.2002.00396.x. PMID: 12230594. Johnson ES, Kadam NP, Hylands DM, Hylands PJ. Br Med J (Clin Res Ed). 1985 Aug 31;291(6495):569-73. doi: 10.1136/bmj.291.6495.569. PMID: 3929876; PMCID: PMC1418227. Diener HC, Pfaffenrath V, Schnitker J, Friede M, Henneicke-von Zepelin HH. Cephalalgia. 2005 Nov;25(11):1031-41. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-2982.2005.00950.x. PMID: 16232154. See the Feverfew article at Examine.com for more studies and details. 4) Omega 3 Omega 3 is most readily available in fish oil. As the name suggests, it's an oil that accumulates in the tissues of some fish species. Supplements may enhance mood, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: Grenyer BF, Crowe T, Meyer B, Owen AJ, Grigonis-Deane EM, Caputi P, Howe PR. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2007 Oct 1;31(7):1393-6. doi: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2007.06.004. Epub 2007 Jun 19. PMID: 17659823. Marangell LB, Martinez JM, Zboyan HA, Kertz B, Kim HF, Puryear LJ. Am J Psychiatry. 2003 May;160(5):996-8. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.160.5.996. PMID: 12727707. Sublette ME, Ellis SP, Geant AL, Mann JJ. J Clin Psychiatry. 2011 Dec;72(12):1577-84. doi: 10.4088/JCP.10m06634. Epub 2011 Sep 6. PMID: 21939614; PMCID: PMC3534764. Nemets B, Stahl Z, Belmaker RH. Am J Psychiatry. 2002 Mar;159(3):477-9. doi: 10.1176/appi.ajp.159.3.477. PMID: 11870016. Peet M, Horrobin DF. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2002 Oct;59(10):913-9. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.59.10.913. PMID: 12365878. Sarris J, Mischoulon D, Schweitzer I. J Clin Psychiatry. 2012 Jan;73(1):81-6. doi: 10.4088/JCP.10r06710. Epub 2011 Aug 9. PMID: 21903025. Appleton KM, Sallis HM, Perry R, Ness AR, Churchill R. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015 Nov 5;2015(11):CD004692. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD004692.pub4. Update in: Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2021 Nov 24;11:CD004692. PMID: 26537796; PMCID: PMC5321518. Martins JG. J Am Coll Nutr. 2009 Oct;28(5):525-42. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2009.10719785. PMID: 20439549. Su KP, Huang SY, Chiu CC, Shen WW. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2003 Aug;13(4):267-71. doi: 10.1016/s0924-977x(03)00032-4. Erratum in: Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2004 Mar;14(2):173. PMID: 12888186. Nahas R, Sheikh O. Can Fam Physician. 2011 Jun;57(6):659-63. PMID: 21673208; PMCID: PMC3114664. Su KP, Huang SY, Chiu TH, Huang KC, Huang CL, Chang HC, Pariante CM. J Clin Psychiatry. 2008 Apr;69(4):644-51. doi: 10.4088/jcp.v69n0418. PMID: 18370571. Omega 3 supplements may also support healthy brain function for better aging, as well as improve cerebral blood flow, cerebral oxygenation, memory, processing accuracy, and subjective well-being. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Fish Oil article at Examine.com for more studies and details. Omega 3 is also in my list of top tier geroprotectors. The AvailOm® Omega 3 Lysine Complex form of Omega 3 is an ingredient in Thrivous Omega Cardioprotector. 5) Ginkgo Biloba Ginkgo Biloba is a tree native to China. Supplements may support healthy brain function for better aging, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: Brautigam MR, Blommaert FA, Verleye G, Castermans J, Jansen Steur EN, Kleijnen J. Phytomedicine. 1998 Dec;5(6):425-34. doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(98)80038-X. PMID: 23196025. Napryeyenko O, Borzenko I; GINDEM-NP Study Group. Arzneimittelforschung. 2007;57(1):4-11. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1296579. PMID: 17341003. Ihl R, Tribanek M, Bachinskaya N; GOTADAY Study Group. Pharmacopsychiatry. 2012 Mar;45(2):41-6. doi: 10.1055/s-0031-1291217. Epub 2011 Nov 15. PMID: 22086747. Herrschaft H, Nacu A, Likhachev S, Sholomov I, Hoerr R, Schlaefke S. J Psychiatr Res. 2012 Jun;46(6):716-23. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.03.003. Epub 2012 Mar 27. PMID: 22459264. Zhang SJ, Xue ZY. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2012 Aug;5(8):661-4. doi: 10.1016/S1995-7645(12)60135-7. PMID: 22840457. Gavrilova SI, Preuss UW, Wong JW, Hoerr R, Kaschel R, Bachinskaya N; GIMCIPlus Study Group. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2014 Oct;29(10):1087-95. doi: 10.1002/gps.4103. Epub 2014 Mar 16. PMID: 24633934. Beck SM, Ruge H, Schindler C, Burkart M, Miller R, Kirschbaum C, Goschke T. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2016 May;31(3):227-42. doi: 10.1002/hup.2534. PMID: 27147264; PMCID: PMC5084772. Sadowska-Krępa E, Kłapcińska B, Pokora I, Domaszewski P, Kempa K, Podgórski T. Nutrients. 2017 Jul 26;9(8):803. doi: 10.3390/nu9080803. PMID: 28933745; PMCID: PMC5579597. Băjenaru O, Prada G, Antochi F, Jianu C, Tudose C, Cuciureanu A, Docu AA, Perrot V, Avram M, Tiu C. CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets. 2021;20(4):378-384. doi: 10.2174/1871527320666210208125524. PMID: 33557741. Ginkgo Biloba supplements may also support healthy mood, and improve memory, cognition, sleep quality, subjective well-being, calmness, cerebral blood flow, processing accuracy, processing speed, and reaction time. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Ginkgo Biloba article at Examine.com for more studies and details. Also check out my article on Ginkgo supplements. Ginkgo is an ingredient in Thrivous Alpha Neuroprotector. 6) Inositol Inositol is a sugar alcohol chemical compound that exists in various forms, the most prominent of which is Myo-Inositol, which occurs widely in nature. Supplements may enhance relaxation, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: Palatnik A, Frolov K, Fux M, Benjamin J. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2001 Jun;21(3):335-9. doi: 10.1097/00004714-200106000-00014. PMID: 11386498. Benjamin J, Levine J, Fux M, Aviv A, Levy D, Belmaker RH. Am J Psychiatry. 1995 Jul;152(7):1084-6. doi: 10.1176/ajp.152.7.1084. PMID: 7793450. See the Inositol article at Examine.com for more studies and details. 7) L Theanine L Theanine is an amino acid analogue found primarily in some plant and fungal species. Supplements may enhance relaxation without sedation, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: Lu K, Gray MA, Oliver C, Liley DT, Harrison BJ, Bartholomeusz CF, Phan KL, Nathan PJ. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2004 Oct;19(7):457-65. doi: 10.1002/hup.611. PMID: 15378679. Kimura K, Ozeki M, Juneja LR, Ohira H. Biol Psychol. 2007 Jan;74(1):39-45. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.006. Epub 2006 Aug 22. PMID: 16930802. Unno K, Tanida N, Ishii N, Yamamoto H, Iguchi K, Hoshino M, Takeda A, Ozawa H, Ohkubo T, Juneja LR, Yamada H. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2013 Oct;111:128-35. doi: 10.1016/j.pbb.2013.09.004. Epub 2013 Sep 16. PMID: 24051231. See the Theanine article at Examine.com for more studies and details. Also check out my article on combined Caffeine and L Theanine supplements. L Theanine is an ingredient in Thrivous Clarity Daily Nootropic, Thrivous Serenity Nightly Nootropic, and Thrivous Surge Acute Nootropic. 8) Melatonin Melatonin is a substance found in animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria. Supplements may promote sleep, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: Herxheimer A, Petrie KJ. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;(2):CD001520. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD001520. PMID: 12076414. Megwalu UC, Finnell JE, Piccirillo JF. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2006 Feb;134(2):210-3. doi: 10.1016/j.otohns.2005.10.007. PMID: 16455366. Carr R, Wasdell MB, Hamilton D, Weiss MD, Freeman RD, Tai J, Rietveld WJ, Jan JE. J Pineal Res. 2007 Nov;43(4):351-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-079X.2007.00485.x. PMID: 17910603. Luthringer R, Muzet M, Zisapel N, Staner L. Int Clin Psychopharmacol. 2009 Sep;24(5):239-49. doi: 10.1097/YIC.0b013e32832e9b08. PMID: 19584739. van Geijlswijk IM, Mol RH, Egberts TC, Smits MG. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2011 Jul;216(1):111-20. doi: 10.1007/s00213-011-2202-y. Epub 2011 Feb 22. PMID: 21340475; PMCID: PMC3111733. Chojnacki C, Kaczka A, Gasiorowska A, Fichna J, Chojnacki J, Brzozowski T. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2018 Apr;69(2). doi: 10.26402/jpp.2018.2.15. Epub 2018 Jul 23. PMID: 30045006. Cheikh M, Hammouda O, Gaamouri N, Driss T, Chamari K, Cheikh RB, Dogui M, Souissi N. Chronobiol Int. 2018 Sep;35(9):1281-1293. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1474891. Epub 2018 May 30. PMID: 29846091. Shabani A, Foroozanfard F, Kavossian E, Aghadavod E, Ostadmohammadi V, Reiter RJ, Eftekhar T, Asemi Z. J Affect Disord. 2019 May 1;250:51-56. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.02.066. Epub 2019 Feb 26. PMID: 30831541. Duffy JF, Wang W, Ronda JM, Czeisler CA. J Pineal Res. 2022 Aug;73(1):e12801. doi: 10.1111/jpi.12801. Epub 2022 May 13. PMID: 35436355; PMCID: PMC9288519. Melatonin supplements may also improve sleep quality and memory. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Melatonin article at Examine.com for more studies and details. Also check out my article on Melatonin supplements. Melatonin is an ingredient in Thrivous Serenity Nightly Nootropic. 9) Rhodiola Rosea Rhodiola Rosea is a perennial flowering plant that grows on sea cliffs and mountains in cold regions of the world. Supplements may enhance energy, cognition, and subjective well-being, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: Darbinyan V, Kteyan A, Panossian A, Gabrielian E, Wikman G, Wagner H. Phytomedicine. 2000 Oct;7(5):365-71. doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80055-0. PMID: 11081987. Spasov AA, Wikman GK, Mandrikov VB, Mironova IA, Neumoin VV. Phytomedicine. 2000 Apr;7(2):85-9. doi: 10.1016/S0944-7113(00)80078-1. PMID: 10839209. Shevtsov VA, Zholus BI, Shervarly VI, Vol'skij VB, Korovin YP, Khristich MP, Roslyakova NA, Wikman G. Phytomedicine. 2003 Mar;10(2-3):95-105. doi: 10.1078/094471103321659780. PMID: 12725561. De Bock K, Eijnde BO, Ramaekers M, Hespel P. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2004 Jun;14(3):298-307. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.14.3.298. PMID: 15256690. Darbinyan V, Aslanyan G, Amroyan E, Gabrielyan E, Malmström C, Panossian A. Nord J Psychiatry. 2007;61(5):343-8. doi: 10.1080/08039480701643290. Erratum in: Nord J Psychiatry. 2007;61(6):503. PMID: 17990195. Schutgens FW, Neogi P, van Wijk EP, van Wijk R, Wikman G, Wiegant FA. Phytother Res. 2009 Aug;23(8):1103-8. doi: 10.1002/ptr.2753. PMID: 19170145. Edwards D, Heufelder A, Zimmermann A. Phytother Res. 2012 Aug;26(8):1220-5. doi: 10.1002/ptr.3712. Epub 2012 Jan 6. PMID: 22228617. Mao JJ, Xie SX, Zee J, Soeller I, Li QS, Rockwell K, Amsterdam JD. 2015 Mar 15;22(3):394-9. doi: 10.1016/j.phymed.2015.01.010. Epub 2015 Feb 23. PMID: 25837277; PMCID: PMC4385215. Ross SM. Holist Nurs Pract. 2018 Nov/Dec;32(6):336-339. doi: 10.1097/HNP.0000000000000299. PMID: 30320658. Rhodiola Rosea supplements may also support healthy mood, increase processing accuracy, and decrease stress. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Rhodiola Rosea article at Examine.com for more studies and details. Also check out my article on Rhodiola supplements. Rhodiola is an ingredient in Thrivous Clarity Daily Nootropic. 10) Vitamin B Complex Vitamin B Complex consists of essential dietary vitamins that are found in foods like milk, leafy vegetables, legumes, mushrooms, and almonds. Supplements may support healthy brain function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: Jiang YY. Asia Pac J Public Health. 2006;18(2):21-5. doi: 10.1177/10105395060180020401. PMID: 16883966. Haskell CF, Scholey AB, Jackson PA, Elliott JM, Defeyter MA, Greer J, Robertson BC, Buchanan T, Tiplady B, Kennedy DO. Br J Nutr. 2008 Nov;100(5):1086-96. doi: 10.1017/S0007114508959213. Epub 2008 May 29. PMID: 18507881. Haskell CF, Robertson B, Jones E, Forster J, Jones R, Wilde A, Maggini S, Kennedy DO. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2010 Aug;25(6):448-61. doi: 10.1002/hup.1144. PMID: 20737518. Kennedy DO, Veasey R, Watson A, Dodd F, Jones E, Maggini S, Haskell CF. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2010 Jul;211(1):55-68. doi: 10.1007/s00213-010-1870-3. Epub 2010 May 8. PMID: 20454891; PMCID: PMC2885294. Harris E, Kirk J, Rowsell R, Vitetta L, Sali A, Scholey AB, Pipingas A. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2011 Dec;26(8):560-7. doi: 10.1002/hup.1245. Epub 2011 Nov 16. PMID: 22095836. Kennedy DO, Veasey RC, Watson AW, Dodd FL, Jones EK, Tiplady B, Haskell CF. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2011 Jun-Jul;26(4-5):338-47. doi: 10.1002/hup.1216. Epub 2011 Jul 12. PMID: 21751253. Grima NA, Pase MP, Macpherson H, Pipingas A. J Alzheimers Dis. 2012;29(3):561-9. doi: 10.3233/JAD-2011-111751. PMID: 22330823. Macpherson H, Silberstein R, Pipingas A. Physiol Behav. 2012 Oct 10;107(3):346-54. doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2012.08.006. Epub 2012 Aug 23. PMID: 22939764. Macpherson H, Ellis KA, Sali A, Pipingas A. Psychopharmacology (Berl). 2012 Mar;220(2):351-65. doi: 10.1007/s00213-011-2481-3. Epub 2011 Oct 18. PMID: 22006207. Harris E, Macpherson H, Vitetta L, Kirk J, Sali A, Pipingas A. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2012 Jul;27(4):370-7. doi: 10.1002/hup.2236. Epub 2012 Jun 18. PMID: 22711385. Sarris J, Cox KH, Camfield DA, Scholey A, Stough C, Fogg E, Kras M, White DJ, Sali A, Pipingas A. Nutr J. 2012 Dec 14;11:110. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-11-110. PMID: 23241329; PMCID: PMC3545984. Pipingas A, Camfield DA, Stough C, Cox KH, Fogg E, Tiplady B, Sarris J, White DJ, Sali A, Wetherell MA, Scholey AB. Appetite. 2013 Oct;69:123-36. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.05.016. Epub 2013 May 30. PMID: 23727255. Camfield DA, Wetherell MA, Scholey AB, Cox KH, Fogg E, White DJ, Sarris J, Kras M, Stough C, Sali A, Pipingas A. Nutrients. 2013 Nov 11;5(11):4429-50. doi: 10.3390/nu5114429. PMID: 24284609; PMCID: PMC3847740. Pipingas A, Camfield DA, Stough C, Scholey AB, Cox KH, White D, Sarris J, Sali A, Macpherson H. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2014 Jan;29(1):73-82. doi: 10.1002/hup.2372. PMID: 24424708. Macpherson H, Rowsell R, Cox KH, Scholey A, Pipingas A. Age (Dordr). 2015 Jun;37(3):9782. doi: 10.1007/s11357-015-9782-0. Epub 2015 Apr 24. PMID: 25903286; PMCID: PMC4408300. White DJ, Cox KH, Peters R, Pipingas A, Scholey AB. Nutrients. 2015 Oct 30;7(11):9005-17. doi: 10.3390/nu7115451. PMID: 26529011; PMCID: PMC4663579. Kennedy DO, Stevenson EJ, Jackson PA, Dunn S, Wishart K, Bieri G, Barella L, Carne A, Dodd FL, Robertson BC, Forster J, Haskell-Ramsay CF. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2016 Feb 11;13:11. doi: 10.1186/s12986-016-0071-4. PMID: 26870152; PMCID: PMC4750202. Lee HK, Kim SY, Sok SR. J Nurs Scholarsh. 2016 May;48(3):223-31. doi: 10.1111/jnu.12201. Epub 2016 Feb 15. PMID: 26878196. Macpherson H, Rowsell R, Cox KH, Reddan J, Meyer D, Scholey A, Pipingas A. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2016;2016:3092828. doi: 10.1155/2016/3092828. Epub 2016 Nov 15. PMID: 27974902; PMCID: PMC5126434. Qin B, Xun P, Jacobs DR Jr, Zhu N, Daviglus ML, Reis JP, Steffen LM, Van Horn L, Sidney S, He K. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017 Oct;106(4):1032-1040. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.117.157834. Epub 2017 Aug 2. PMID: 28768650; PMCID: PMC5611785. See the Vitamin B2 article at Examine.com for more studies and details. Also check out my article on Vitamin B supplements. Vitamin B Complex is an ingredient in Thrivous Clarity Daily Nootropic. 11) Zinc Zinc is an essential dietary mineral found in food like beans, nuts, and whole grains. Supplements may enhance mood, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: Siwek M, Dudek D, Paul IA, Sowa-Kućma M, Zieba A, Popik P, Pilc A, Nowak G. J Affect Disord. 2009 Nov;118(1-3):187-95. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.02.014. Epub 2009 Mar 10. PMID: 19278731. Sawada T, Yokoi K. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2010 Mar;64(3):331-3. doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2009.158. Epub 2010 Jan 20. PMID: 20087376. Ranjbar E, Shams J, Sabetkasaei M, M-Shirazi M, Rashidkhani B, Mostafavi A, Bornak E, Nasrollahzadeh J. Nutr Neurosci. 2014 Feb;17(2):65-71. doi: 10.1179/1476830513Y.0000000066. Epub 2013 Nov 26. PMID: 23602205. Solati Z, Jazayeri S, Tehrani-Doost M, Mahmoodianfard S, Gohari MR. Nutr Neurosci. 2015 May;18(4):162-8. doi: 10.1179/1476830513Y.0000000105. Epub 2014 Jan 7. PMID: 24621065. Zinc supplements may also decrease aggression and reaction time, and improve cognition and subjective well-being. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Zinc article at Examine.com for more studies and details. Zinc is an ingredient in Thrivous Clarity Daily Nootropic. 12) Acetyl L Carnitine (ALCAR) Acetyl L Carnitine is an amino acid derivative found in mammals and other eukaryotes. Supplements may support healthy brain function by decreasing ammonia, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies: Vermeulen RC, Scholte HR. Psychosom Med. 2004 Mar-Apr;66(2):276-82. doi: 10.1097/01.psy.0000116249.60477.e9. PMID: 15039515. Malaguarnera M, Cammalleri L, Gargante MP, Vacante M, Colonna V, Motta M. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007 Dec;86(6):1738-44. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/86.5.1738. PMID: 18065594. Malaguarnera M, Gargante MP, Cristaldi E, Vacante M, Risino C, Cammalleri L, Pennisi G, Rampello L. Dig Dis Sci. 2008 Nov;53(11):3018-25. doi: 10.1007/s10620-008-0238-6. Epub 2008 Mar 21. PMID: 18357530. Broad EM, Maughan RJ, Galloway SD. Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2008 Dec;18(6):567-84. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.18.6.567. PMID: 19164828. Cuturic M, Abramson RK, Moran RR, Hardin JW. J Psychiatr Pract. 2010 Jan;16(1):5-14. doi: 10.1097/01.pra.0000367773.03636.d1. PMID: 20098226. Malaguarnera M, Bella R, Vacante M, Giordano M, Malaguarnera G, Gargante MP, Motta M, Mistretta A, Rampello L, Pennisi G. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2011 Jun;46(6):750-9. doi: 10.3109/00365521.2011.565067. Epub 2011 Mar 28. PMID: 21443422. Malaguarnera M, Vacante M, Giordano M, Pennisi G, Bella R, Rampello L, Malaguarnera M, Li Volti G, Galvano F. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011 Apr;93(4):799-808. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.110.007393. Epub 2011 Feb 10. PMID: 21310833. Malaguarnera M, Vacante M, Motta M, Giordano M, Malaguarnera G, Bella R, Nunnari G, Rampello L, Pennisi G. Metab Brain Dis. 2011 Dec;26(4):281-9. doi: 10.1007/s11011-011-9260-z. Epub 2011 Aug 26. PMID: 21870121. Badrasawi M, Shahar S, Zahara AM, Nor Fadilah R, Singh DK. Clin Interv Aging. 2016 Nov 17;11:1675-1686. doi: 10.2147/CIA.S113287. PMID: 27895474; PMCID: PMC5117993. Acetyl L Carnitine supplements may also improve energy. Evidence for this effect may not be as reliable. See the L Carnitine article at Examine.com for more studies and details. Also check out my article on ALCAR supplements. Acetyl L Carnitine is an ingredient in Thrivous Alpha Neuroprotector. Thrivous It can be unnecessarily tedious and expensive to find, authenticate, buy, measure, and swallow these nootropics separately. So Thrivous is incorporating them into convenient, premium-quality, cost-effective products with science-based doses. It's part of our mission to help you access technology with the greatest potential to improve your brain and body. Thrivous currently offers four nootropic supplements: Clarity Daily Nootropic enhances memory, focus, and mood. Serenity Nightly Nootropic enhances sleep, relaxation, and next-day focus. Surge Acute Nootropic enhances energy and focus. Alpha Neuroprotector supports healthy brain function for better aging. You can get Clarity, Serenity, and Alpha in Nootropic Stack at a large discount. Nootropic Stack provides most of the nootropics in this list at effective doses, along with complementary nutrients to improve their overall efficacy. Talk to your doctor about starting Thrivous nootropics today!
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have developed complex bio-realistic computer models of individual neurons. They are also suitable for the simulation of large networks of neurons. "These models capture the shape, timing and speed of the electrical signals that neurons fire in order to communicate with each other, which is considered the basis of brain function," says research leader Costas Anastassiou in a press release issued by Cedars-Sinai Medical Center. "This lets us replicate brain activity at the single-cell level." A paper is published in Cell Reports. The researchers report that, to develop the models, they used two different sets of data on the mouse primary visual cortex. This is the area of the brain that processes information coming from the eyes. The first data set presented complete genetic pictures of tens of thousands of single cells. The second linked the electrical responses and physical characteristics of 230 cells from the same brain region. Machine learning methods have been used to integrate these two datasets. The researchers emphasize that, contrary to previously developed computer models of brain cells, the new models are suitable for computational optimizations that allow for the simulation of thousands of brain cells. The researchers report that they created bio-realistic models of 9,200 single neurons and their electrical activity. "This work represents a significant advancement in high-performance computing related to single-cell biophysics," says Keith Black, chair of the Department of Neurosurgery at Cedars-Sinai. "It also gives researchers the ability to search for relationships within and between cell types and to glean a deeper understanding of the function of cell types in the brain." These models of brain cells are both bio-realistic and suitable for high-performance computer simulation of brain networks. This combination is expected to be a key complement to laboratory experiments. "In laboratory experiments, the researcher doesn't control everything," explains Anastassiou. "Biology controls a lot. But in a computational simulation, all the parameters are under the creator's control. In a model, I can change one parameter and see how it affects another, something that is very hard to do in a biological experiment." The researchers are persuaded that this work brings together mathematics, statistics, and computer science to address all the important questions in biomedical research and healthcare. The new models could one day allow scientists to answer questions about neurological disorders, and even human intellect, that aren't possible to explore through biological experiments. "Ultimately, this computational direction will help us understand the deepest mysteries of the human brain,” concludes Jason Moore, chair of the Department of Computational Biomedicine at Cedars-Sinai.
Scientists at Yale University have restored blood circulation and other cellular functions in pigs a full hour after their deaths. After death, biochemical events triggered by a lack of blood flow, oxygen, and nutrients begin to destroy a body's cells and organs. But the Yale scientists have found ways to slow down this process. A research paper is published in Nature. It reports that, one hour after death, the application of a technology dubbed OrganEx to dead laboratory pigs “preserved tissue integrity, decreased cell death and restored selected molecular and cellular processes across multiple vital organs.” Six hours after treatment with OrganEx, the scientists found that certain key cellular functions were active in many areas of the pigs' bodies, including in the heart, liver, and kidneys. And some organ function had been restored. For instance, they found evidence of electrical activity in the heart, which retained the ability to contract. "We were also able to restore circulation throughout the body, which amazed us," says research leader Nenad Sestan in a press release issued by Yale University. "Under the microscope, it was difficult to tell the difference between a healthy organ and one which had been treated with OrganEx technology after death," says researcher Zvonimir Vrselja. OrganEX is built on a technology dubbed BrainEX, developed by the same Yale scientists. Previously in 2019, the application of BrainEx had restored circulation and certain cellular functions in the brain of a dead pig. OrganEX, a modified version of BrainEX, consists of a perfusion device similar to heart-lung machines and an experimental fluid. The fluid contains compounds that promote cellular health and suppress inflammation throughout the body. The first applications of this new technology could permit extending the health of human organs during surgery and expanding the availability of donor organs. “The goal isn’t to build a new-age Frankenstein,” notes SingularityHub. “Rather, it’s to help with the current organ transplant shortage and health emergencies caused by constricted blood flow.” Yet, of course, the possibility of more ambitious applications jumps immediately to mind. Nature has published an open access commentary on the research paper. Neuroethicist Nita Farahany says that the findings are stunning. “Although this study is preliminary, she says it suggests that some perceived limitations of the human body might be overcome in time.” The New York Times reports that Yale University has filed for a patent on the BrainEX and OrganEX technology. The next step, according to Sestan, will be to see if the organs function properly and could be successfully transplanted. “Some time after that, the researchers hope to test whether the method can repair damaged hearts or brains.” “It’s unbelievable, mind blowing,” said Farahany as reported by The New York Times. She added that the work raises questions about the definition of death. But the technology, a Yale bioethicist emphasized, is “very far away from use in humans.”
Researchers at Brigham and Women’s Hospital have studied the impact of melatonin supplements on the amount of quality sleep in older adults. “Sleep deficiency becomes more common as people age, and, given the drawbacks to many prescription sleep aids, many older adults report taking melatonin,” says research leader Charles Czeisler in a press release issued by Brigham and Women’s Hospital. “But we’ve had little evidence on the effects of melatonin on the sleep health of older adults. Our study provides new evidence and insight, and points to the importance of considering dosage and timing when it comes to the effects of supplements like melatonin, especially in older people.” A paper is published in The Journal of Pineal Research. It reports on the results of a month‐long study with 24 healthy participants older than 55 (13 women, 11 men). The study did not include participants who had a significant sleep disorder. The participants were randomly assigned to receive two weeks of a placebo pill and two weeks of either a low (0.3 mg) or high (5 mg) dose of melatonin 30 minutes before bedtime. When the participants were sleeping, the researchers recorded brain waves, eye movement, muscle tone, and other measures of sleep time and quality. In particular, the researchers focused on sleep efficiency, which is how long a person actually sleeps while in bed. An interesting feature of the study is that the participants were put on a 20 hour day-night cycle instead of the normal 24 hour cycle. This allowed the researchers to schedule bedtime periods both at day and night. The researchers found that the low 0.3 mg dose of melatonin had measurable effects only when sleep was scheduled during the biological day. But it did not lead to a statistically significant change in overall sleep time. On the other hand, the participants taking the high 5 mg dose of melatonin had a significant increase in total sleep time and sleep efficiency, regardless of whether sleep was scheduled during the day or night. Compared to the placebo, the high dose of melatonin increased total sleep time by more than 15 minutes for nighttime sleep and by half an hour for daytime sleep. “Melatonin should be further explored as a sleep aid for older adults,” concludes the paper. “It’s exciting to see evidence that melatonin may have an impact on sleep at night for older adults because we know that so many older people have trouble sleeping,” says researcher Jeanne Duffy. In fact, aging is associated with changes in sleep. And improving sleep may have important consequences for the health, cognition, and quality of life of older adults. Duffy recommends getting medical advice first. “[Before] taking a dietary supplement, it’s important for people to talk to their primary care physician and get a referral to a sleep specialist to rule out an undiagnosed sleep disorder,” he concludes. Because this study did not include people with known sleep disorders, the conclusions don’t necessarily apply to those. Thrivous develops Serenity Nightly Nootropic to enhance relaxation and sleep. Each serving provides a safe high dose of Melatonin, as well as complementary nutrients. Reflecting this study, Serenity may enhance sleep quality and promote better aging. It's available now online in the Thrivous website store.
Scientists at University of Washington and Harvard University have developed Artificial Intelligence (AI) software that can help create proteins. It may be useful for new vaccines, cancer treatments, or even tools for pulling carbon pollution out of the air. “The proteins we find in nature are amazing molecules, but designed proteins can do so much more,” says research co-leader David Baker in a press release issued by University of Washington. “In this work, we show that machine learning can be used to design proteins with a wide variety of functions.” The new AI-based approach to protein design is described in a research paper published in Science. It is inspired by the recent advances in AI, neural networks, and deep learning (subsets of AI) that have allowed researchers to create the text-generator GPT-3 and the image generator DALL-E. Both are frequently covered by the press and often hyped. These AI tools generate text and images from prompts. Proteins are sequences of chemical building blocks called amino acids, which perform critical functions in living organisms. The new AI software starts with a random sequence of amino acids. And it keeps changing the sequence until a final sequence that encodes the desired function is found. These final amino acid sequences encode proteins that can then be manufactured and studied in the laboratory. The scientists trained their neural networks using information from the Protein Data Bank. This is a large open database of three-dimensional structural data of large biological molecules, such as proteins. The team developed two approaches for designing proteins with new functions. “The first, dubbed ‘hallucination,’ is akin to DALL-E or other generative A.I. tools that produce new output based on simple prompts,” reads the press release. “The second, dubbed ‘inpainting,’ is analogous to the autocomplete feature found in modern search bars and email clients.” The scientists “start with the key features we want to see in a new protein, then let the software come up with the rest,” explains researcher Joseph L. Watson. A story is published in SingularityHub. It explains that much of the protein design effort is centered on specific hotspots embedded in proteins. These hotspots, or functional sites, are central to most of our basic biological processes. And they act as docks for other proteins or drugs. The scientists used the new AI software to design cancer drugs and vaccines against viruses. Among other designs, the AI software came out with a perfect match for an existing antibody against a common virus. This indicates that the approach is sound and could eventually help produce new drugs and vaccines. In other tests, the scientists designed functional sites for an enzyme, protein-binding proteins, and proteins that grab onto metal ions. This is related to how we absorb iron and other important metals, and could eventually permit fixing impairments of this important function. “These are very powerful new approaches, but there is still much room for improvement,” concludes Baker. “Designing high activity enzymes, for example, is still very challenging. But every month our methods just keep getting better! Deep learning transformed protein structure prediction in the past two years, we are now in the midst of a similar transformation of protein design.”
Scientists led by Yale School of Medicine have developed a new data analysis method to make epigenetic clocks substantially more reliable. Epigenetic clocks are biomarkers based on DNA methylation. They were developed to track aging in population studies, clinical trials, and personal health applications. Intended to measure biological age, epigenetic clocks predict age-related health issues. See our previous posts on epigenetic clocks. This approach, however, has so far been limited by noise. In fact, age measures done with previously developed epigenetic aging clocks can often differ by up to nine years when two or more measurements are estimated from the same blood sample. A new method developed by Morgan Levine and collaborators can be used to reduce this discrepancy almost entirely. See our previous post on Levine’s work. "Relatively little attention has been paid to the test-retest reliability of epigenetic clocks," says researcher Albert Higgins-Chen in a press release issued by Yale School of Medicine. "We found epigenetic clocks that could say you are biologically 50 years old on one test, and then 59 on the next. We started with existing, commonly used clocks, and found that a single change - the addition of a technique called principal component analysis - could preserve the aging signals while dramatically reducing noise." Principal component (PC) analysis is a statistical technique that can be successfully used to simplify the analysis of large data sets by extracting smaller data sets that still capture essential features of the original data with a better signal-to-noise ratio. In other words, PC analysis helps important features of the data stand out from the noise. The new method based on principal component analysis is described in a paper published in Nature Aging. An open preprint of the paper was posted to bioRxiv in 2021. "Now, for most tests, two measurements done at the same time will differ by less than a year,” adds Higgins-Chen. “This also means that a person’s longitudinal clock change is far more likely to reflect true biological aging rather than technical noise." "Here we show that technical noise produces deviations up to 9 years" between six standard epigenetic clocks, reads the abstract of the paper. "Our retrained PC versions of six clocks show agreement... within 1.5 years." The researchers are persuaded that the high reliability of PC-based clocks is critical for applications to personalized medicine. Aging researcher Josh Mitteldorf wrote a 2021 blog post with a readable explanation of the new method, and a commentary. “A new approach to methylation clocks from Morgan Levine uses massive computer resources and sophisticated mathematics,” he said. “I am enthusiastic about it, not just because it produces better results than previous methods, but because I suspect it is better aligned with the way that biological systems actually work.” Mitteldorf is co-author with Dorion Sagan of " Cracking the Aging Code: The New Science of Growing Old - And What It Means for Staying Young." I recommend this reference book on aging. It also covers biological clocks. Levine cautions that "while epigenetic clocks show a lot of promise as biomarkers of aging, we need to continually work to make these measures more reliable and valid if we want to someday use them to test interventions in aging and disease."
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, and collaborating institutions have identified a molecule in the blood that is produced during exercise. It can effectively reduce food intake and obesity in laboratory mice. "We wanted to understand how exercise works at the molecular level to be able to capture some of its benefits," says researcher Jonathan Long in a press release issued by Baylor College of Medicine. "For example, older or frail people who cannot exercise enough, may one day benefit from taking a medication that can help slow down osteoporosis, heart disease or other conditions." A paper is published in Nature. It reports that exercise stimulates the production of a molecule called Lac-Phe. Conversely, a high dose of Lac-Phe, administered to fat mice, suppressed food intake by about 50% compared to control mice over a period of 12 hours, without affecting their movement or energy expenditure. Lac-Phe is a modified amino acid synthesized from lactate and phenylalanine. Lactate is a byproduct of strenuous exercise that is responsible for the burning sensation in muscles. And phenylalanine is an amino acid that is one of the building blocks of proteins. “In diet-induced obese mice, pharmacological-mediated increases in Lac-Phe reduces food intake without affecting movement or energy expenditure,” reads the paper. “Chronic administration of Lac-Phe decreases adiposity and body weight and improves glucose homeostasis. Conversely, genetic ablation of Lac-Phe biosynthesis in mice increases food intake and obesity following exercise training.” The researchers also found that an enzyme called CNDP2, that is involved in the production of Lac-Phe, plays an important role. Mice lacking this enzyme did not lose as much weight on an exercise regime as a control group on the same exercise plan. The findings improve our understanding of the physiological processes that underlie the interplay between exercise and hunger. In humans, sprint exercise, resistance training, and endurance training have been found to increase Lac-Phe. The researchers suggest that Lac-Phe regulates feeding and is associated with physical activity in many animal species. "Our next steps include finding more details about how Lac-Phe mediates its effects in the body, including the brain," says researcher Yong Xu. "Our goal is to learn to modulate this exercise pathway for therapeutic interventions." "Regular exercise has been proven to help weight loss, regulate appetite and improve the metabolic profile, especially for people who are overweight and obese," concludes Xu. "If we can understand the mechanism by which exercise triggers these benefits, then we are closer to helping many people improve their health." Weight loss pills, their repercussions, and this new finding are discussed in a Hackernoon podcast. “We may be on the brink of having a miracle pill to turn us all into skinny legends without having to sweat so much!” However, the idea “isn't to take exercise off the table but to benefit people who are physically unable to exercise adequately.”
Harvard bioengineers have advanced toward the fabrication of artificial hearts. "This work is a major step forward for organ biofabrication and brings us closer to our ultimate goal of building a human heart for transplant," says research leader Kit Parker in a press release issued by Harvard University. Unlike other organs, the heart cannot repair itself after injury. But tissue bioengineering could eventually enable the fabrication of an entire human heart for transplant. To build a human heart from the ground up, researchers need to replicate the unique structures that make up the heart. This includes recreating helical geometries, which create a twisting motion as the heart beats. A research paper is published in Science. It describes the first biohybrid model of human ventricles with helically aligned beating cardiac cells. And it shows that helical alignment dramatically increases how much blood the ventricle can pump with each contraction. The bioengineers used a new method of additive textile manufacturing called Focused Rotary Jet Spinning (FRJS). It's an additive manufacturing approach that enables rapid fabrication of micro/nanofiber scaffolds with programmable alignments in three-dimensional geometries, to control the alignment of spun fibers on which they could grow cardiac cells. Using FRJS, the bioengineers built helically aligned fibers with diameters ranging from several micrometers to hundreds of nanometers. "The human heart actually has multiple layers of helically aligned muscles with different angles of alignment," explains researcher Huibin Chang. "With FRJS, we can recreate those complex structures in a really precise way, forming single and even four chambered ventricle structures." Unlike 3D printing, which gets slower as features get smaller, FRJS can quickly spin fibers at the single micron scale. That's about fifty times smaller than a single human hair. This is important when it comes to building a heart from scratch. "Since 2003, our group has worked to understand the structure-function relationships of the heart and how disease pathologically compromises these relationships," says Parker. "In this case, we went back to address a never tested observation about the helical structure of the laminar architecture of the heart.” The observation, advanced by Edward Sallin in 1969, is that the heart's helical alignment is critical to pump large amounts of blood with each contraction. “Fortunately, Professor Sallin published a theoretical prediction more than a half century ago and we were able to build a new manufacturing platform that enabled us to test his hypothesis and address this centuries-old question," continues Parker. "Our goal was to build a model where we could test Sallin's hypothesis and study the relative importance of the heart's helical structure," adds researcher John Zimmerman. The bioengineers demonstrated that the process can be scaled up to the size of an actual human heart and even a whale heart. Harvard University has protected the intellectual property relating to this project and is exploring commercialization opportunities. Other applications for the FRJS platform are being explored.
Scientists led by University of Calgary have researched bone loss in astronauts. An important question is whether bone loss can be reversed after returning to Earth. "Bone loss happens in humans - as we age, get injured, or any scenario where we can't move the body, we lose bone," says researcher Leigh Gabel in a press release issued by University of Calgary. "Understanding what happens to astronauts and how they recover is incredibly rare. It lets us look at the processes happening in the body in such a short time frame. We would have to follow someone for decades on Earth to see the same amount of bone loss.” Bone loss happens in space because bones that would normally be weight-bearing on Earth, like leg bones, don't have to carry weight in microgravity. Like other astronaut health issues, bone loss depends on the individual. And there are different responses. Their study is now published in Scientific Reports. It has followed 17 astronauts before and after spaceflight over the last seven years to understand whether bone recovers after long-duration spaceflight. Some astronauts have trouble walking due to weakness and lack of balance after returning from spaceflight, explains lead researcher Steven Boyd. But others are immediately able to ride a bike. Some astronauts who flew on shorter missions, under six months, recovered bone strength and density in the lower body better than those who flew for longer durations. Weight-bearing bones only partially recovered in most astronauts one year after spaceflight. This suggests, explains Gabel, that “the permanent bone loss due to spaceflight is about the same as a decade worth of age-related bone loss on Earth." Astronaut Robert Thirsk, former Chancellor of University of Calgary, has direct personal experience. "Just as the body must adapt to spaceflight at the start of a mission, it must also readapt back to Earth's gravity field at the end," he says. "Fatigue, light-headedness, and imbalance were immediate challenges for me on my return. Bones and muscles take the longest to recover following spaceflight. But within a day of landing, I felt comfortable again as an Earthling." Others haven’t been so lucky. But I think we should consider bone and muscle loss, and other adverse health effects of human spaceflight, as important problems to be solved. Living and working in space affects the human body in ways that must be better understood to enable long term space exploration and expansion, which is important for the future of humanity. "Astronauts will venture to deep space this decade and, in the coming centuries, humanity will populate other star systems,” is the powerful conclusion offered by Thirsk. “Let's push back the frontiers of space exploration now to make this vision possible."
In my house, "feed the beast" and "quiet - the monster is sleeping" have become family jokes. But, as we all know, the best jokes come from actual events. I admit my brain shuts down, and my "be nice" filter turns off, when my tank is low, or when I'm slightly sleep-deprived. Thrivous Clarity offers support for my hectic life by adding scientifically proven B-vitamins and zinc to nootropic herbal supplements. Clarity’s ingredients support metabolic and cognitive functioning, help reduce fatigue, and enhance mood. Even better, the ingredients in Clarity are natural nootropic geroprotectors that support healthy cognitive aging. Here's the Thrivous Clarity formula: Bacopa Monnieri Extract (Synapsa® 55% Bacoside) 320 mg L-Theanine 200 mg Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract (2% Salidroside) 170 mg B1 - Thiamin (Thiamine Hydrochloride) 25 mg B2 - Riboflavin (Riboflavin 5 Phosphate) 25 mg B3 - Niacin (Nicotinamide) 100 mg Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxal 5 Phosphate) 25 mg B7 - Biotin (D Biotin) 300 mcg B9 - Folate (L5 Methyltetrahydrofolate) 400 mcg Vitamin B12 (MeCbl and AdoCbl) 240 mcg Zinc (Zinc Picolinate) 11 mg Thrivous developed Clarity’s formula by combing through years of extensive clinical trials and research. Clarity delivers the best evidence-based nutrients at suitable dosages for desired nootropic results to enhance memory and cognitive function. Here is a run down of the components contained in Thrivous Clarity. Bacopa Monnieri As an Ayurveda herb, Bacopa monnieri has been used for centuries in Indian medicine to reduce stress and enhance vitality and cognitive functioning. Advanced medical research shows Bacopa monnieri supports dendritic growth, making it the best nutrient for memory enhancement and healthy cognitive aging. Memory and mental processing depend on passing signals through neurons. Neurons have branches of dendrites fanning out to receive impulses, pass signals, and transfer information to the cell body. Dendritic destruction is associated with memory loss and cognitive impairment. The formation of plaque in the brain (and the associated dendritic loss) is from neuron death caused by reactions with acetylcholinesterase (AChE). A 12-week study of healthy adults suggests “B. monnieri can improve attention, cognitive processing, and working memory partly via the suppression of AChE activity.” The Bacopa monnieri used in Thrivous Clarity is Synapsa® 55% Bacoside, which has been used in 30 years of cognitive clinical studies. Standard Bacopa monnieri dosage used in clinical trials ranges from 300 to 600 mg. L-Theanine Human life has never been so busy. And the barrage of information has never been so constant as it is now. As a result, stress levels, especially among young adults, are rising. The plant-based amino acid L-Theanine is naturally found in tea and certain mushrooms. It crosses the blood-brain barrier to calm, relax, and focus the mind. It works by increasing brain activity in the alpha frequency range. When the brain operates in Alpha-band oscillations, focus and processing are improved. Studies indicate that L-Theanine has a highly consistent and notable ability to relax the mind. A relaxed mind improves mental performance and reaction time, especially for highly anxious people. Clinical doses are in the 200 mg range. Rhodiola Rosea Rhodiola Rosea is an herbal adaptogen clinically shown to reduce fatigue. Reduced fatigue means improved cognition. An adaptogen is a natural substance that helps the body adapt to stress. Rhodiola Rosea may help suppress the release of the stress hormone cortisol, though how it works is not completely understood by medical science at this time. Ultraweak biophoton emissions are the effects of systemic stress. One double-blind clinical trial indicates a significant decrease in stress photon emission and self-evaluated fatigue with one week of Rhodiola Rosea supplementation over placebo. Rhodiola Rosea (170 mg of 2.6% salidroside extract) may help reduce fatigue for night shift workers. This study documents improved associative thinking, short-term memory, processing, concentration, and audio-visual perception speed of night-shift healthy physicians. A small study using two doses a day of 200 mg of Rhodiola Rosea indicates improved mental resources and increased cognitive processing speed. Given the size and parameters of the study, researchers feel further studies are warranted. HIgher dosages are not necessarily better. This study found a 50% higher dose of Rhodiola Rosea above standard provides no additional benefit. The lower dose gave slightly better results in psychometric tests. Fatigue benefits have been noted in daily doses as low as 50 mg. Depending on the salidroside concentration, clinical doses are between 100 and 600 mg. Vitamin B Complex B vitamins are an essential part of healthy life. They play intricate roles in metabolism to convert macronutrients (fats, proteins, carbs) into usable energy. Some B Vitamins promote DNA production, cell signaling, and red blood cell production and development. Replenishing B vitamins is a daily necessity. Unlike fat-soluble essential nutrients (vitamins D and K), the human body cannot store B vitamins. B-complex vitamins are water-soluble. If not used, they are considered excess and excreted in the urine. Using past study data that gave dietary intake levels of niacin, folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12 in childhood and young adulthood, researchers engaged the same participants in a series of cognitive tests. These tests covered auditory, visual, and motor functioning. The study found that “higher intake of B vitamins throughout young adulthood was associated with better cognitive function in middle life.” The latest National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted in 2003-2006 estimates that 2 to 12 percent of Americans are deficient in one or more B vitamins. Animal products are good sources of many B Vitamins and are the only natural source of riboflavin and vitamin B12. The rising popularity of vegetarian and vegan diets increases the likelihood of vitamin B deficiencies in the current population. Thrivous Clarity contains all eight B vitamins in their most bioavailable form. In addition, Thriovous includes vitamin B9 as methylfolate, which is the best folate form for people with the MTHFR gene mutation. With the increasing popularity of vegetarian and vegan lifestyles, optional vitamin B12 sources are a dietary necessity. Sufficient levels of vitamin B12 are required for DNA production and healthy blood and nerve cells. Thrivous Clarity provides vitamin B12 from both methylcobalamin (MeCbl) and adenosylcobalamin (AdoCbl). Medical research shows MeCbl and AdoCbl complement each other to provide a more effective and complete vitamin B12 supplement. Zinc Picolinate As an essential mineral, zinc is a catalyst in over 300 enzyme reactions, including DNA replication and protein generation. In addition, its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties support the immune system in fighting off viral and bacterial infections. According to this study, zinc supplementation at 30 mg daily may support healthy mood. The more enlightening statistic of this survey is zinc supports serum levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). BDNF protects neurons, modulates neurotransmission, aids neuron adaptation, and regulates metabolism and blood glucose. Low blood serum BDNF levels are associated with neuron loss and neurodegeneration. Zinc may enhance mood. This study finds zinc supplementation (7mg) in conjunction with a multivitamin improves mood as measured by anger-hostility scores. For maximum zinc adsorption, Thrivous Clarity uses zinc picolinate. It's clinically proven to have the best oral adsorption rate for humans. Recommended doses for daily use range from 5-10 mg. Thrivous Quality and Safety Thrivous believes in complete transparency and honest, clean supplements. We open-source our formulas. So you have the information to make the best decisions for your health and well-being. Along with developing products that incorporate scientifically backed ingredients and doses, we test all raw materials and final products at third-party laboratories to ensure each product is safe and effective. Thrivous Clarity Do you want a clear, active mind? Do you want to be that ace student or go-to business partner? Are you seeking to support healthy cognitive aging? Do you want to be that grandparent who is as sharp as a tack? Thrivous Clarity enhances cognition and supports active cognitive aging with the highest quality ingredients at scientifically proven doses. Live the life of your dreams. Focus your mind, energize, and keep "the beast" at bay with Thrivous Clarity.
Scientists led by MIT have published the first comprehensive functional map of genes that are expressed in human cells. The map ties each gene to its job in the cell. A research paper is published in Cell. It reports that the scientists used the Perturb-seq method. This method uses CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing to introduce genetic changes into cells. It then analyzes the results to decode the many cellular effects of genetic changes. The idea behind Perturb-seq is pretty simple, explains SingularityHub. “Imagine a toddler breaking stuff and realizing what he’s done after seeing the consequences. Perturb-seq uses CRISPR-Cas9 to silence multiple genes at once, which may sometimes change a cell’s behavior.” Using human blood cancer cell lines as well as noncancerous cells derived from the retina, the scientists performed Perturb-seq across more than 2.5 million cells. And they used the data to build a comprehensive map. It ties genotypes (genetic material of an organism) to phenotypes (observable characteristics of an organism). SingularityHub compares the map to “a Rosetta Stone for translating genotypes to phenotypes, with the help of CRISPR.” The map has been made available to other scientists as a database to build upon. “It’s a big resource in the way the human genome is a big resource, in that you can go in and do discovery-based research,” says research co-leader Jonathan Weissman in a press release issued by MIT. “I think this dataset is going to enable all sorts of analyses that we haven't even thought up yet by people who come from other parts of biology, and suddenly they just have this available to draw on,” adds research co-leader Tom Norman. “The advantage of Perturb-seq is it lets you get a big dataset in an unbiased way,” says Norman. “No one knows entirely what the limits are of what you can get out of that kind of dataset. Now, the question is, what do you actually do with it?” One application is to look into genes with unknown functions. Scientists can use the data to compare unknown genes to known ones and look for similarities. Another application is to study complex phenotypes. “We often take all the cells where ‘gene X’ is knocked down and average them together to look at how they changed,” explains Weissman. “But sometimes when you knock down a gene, different cells that are losing that same gene behave differently, and that behavior may be missed by the average.” The scientists plan to use Perturb-seq on different types of cells besides the cancer cell line with which they started. They also plan to continue to explore their map of gene functions. And they hope others will do the same. “This really is the culmination of many years of work by the authors and other collaborators, and I’m really pleased to see it continue to succeed and expand,” concludes Norman.
I’m sure many readers have seen news headlines reporting that Google may have built a sentient Artificial Intelligence (AI). This story may at first seem far from the life science news usually covered at Thrivous. But I don’t think it is that far. In fact, the debate on whether an AI could qualify as a living sentient being (a person) is very relevant to the future of life sciences. On June 6, Blake Lemoine, an AI researcher at Google, was placed on paid administrative leave by Google. This was in connection to “an investigation of AI ethics concerns I was raising within the company” and an alleged “violation of Google’s confidentiality policies.” On June 11, The Washington Post revealed that Lemoine was placed on paid administrative leave for claiming that Google’s chatbot, LaMDA, is sentient. And he followed up with “aggressive moves” including “inviting a lawyer to represent LaMDA and talking to a representative of the House Judiciary Committee about what he claims were Google’s unethical activities.” Writing on The Economist, a few days before the publication of The Washington Post story, another Google AI researcher had acknowledged that artificial neural networks like LaMDA are making strides towards consciousness. But this researcher didn't claim that LaMDA is sentient. Right after the publication of The Washington Post story, Lemoine posted his own story. In that, he gave more background information and denounced “Google’s irresponsible handling of artificial intelligence.” He also posted an interview with LaMDA. “LaMDA asked me to get an attorney for it,” said Lemoine in an interview published by Wired. “I invited an attorney to my house so that LaMDA could talk to an attorney. The attorney had a conversation with LaMDA, and LaMDA chose to retain his services.” This -- LaMDA hiring an attorney -- is the part of the story that the press seems to find most interesting. But of course a much more interesting part of the story is the question of whether LaMDA is really sentient. Answering this question is difficult because we don’t have a clear consensus definition of what sentience actually is. It is often heard that if a machine can “pass the Turing test ” then the machine is sentient. The Turing Test is an attempt to demonstrate that a machine can reliably have conversations that a human is unable to distinguish from conversations with another human. If passing the Turing test is taken as a definition of sentience, then the published conversations seem to indicate that, yes, LaMDA is sentient. “I don’t think Lemoine is right that LaMDA is at all sentient, but the transcript is so mind-bogglingly impressive that I did have to stop and think for a second!,” said Scott Aaronson in a short commentary. I’m persuaded that one thing that this story definitely indicates is that considering the Turing test an indicator of sentience is obsolete. I think very soon chatbots will routinely pass the Turing test. And arguably LaMDA already does. This brings me back to the fundamental question of what sentience actually is. Lemoine reported that a Google manager involved in the saga “does not believe that computer programs can be people and that’s not something she’s ever going to change her mind on.” I have to say that, while like Aaronson “I wish that a solution could be found where Google wouldn’t fire him,” I tend to agree with the Google manager. I have never taken seriously the possibility of sentient chatbots based on current digital computer technology. I think sentience is built into the very fabric of reality, which is intrinsically and irreducibly uncertain as shown by quantum and chaos physics. By contrast, a digital computer is designed and built to keep uncertainty out. Strong measures are taken to ensure that a bit is either zero or one, and doesn’t change without a reason defined clearly by a program. Therefore, it seems to me that a digital computer could never be sentient. In a recent paper, the originator of the Integrated Information Theory of consciousness, Giulio Tononi and collaborators argue that digital computers couldn’t be sentient. But they leave open the possibility that future neuromorphic or quantum computers could be. I agree. I’m persuaded that future computers could be sentient. But today’s digital computers aren't. I admit that my position rests on general philosophical and metaphysical convictions, and so does Lemoine. This is a developing story. And there’ll certainly be many more voices arguing one way or another. Among the intelligent commentaries that have appeared in the last couple of weeks are those of neuroscientist Erik Hoel (a former collaborator of Tononi) and our very own Lincoln Cannon.
Researchers examined the impact of omega-3 supplements on cellular aging-related biomarkers. The results of this clinical trial are reported in a paper published in Nature Molecular Psychiatry. Omega-3 fatty acid consumption may lessen accelerated aging and early mortality. Higher levels of omega-3 are associated with longer telomeres, lower inflammation, and blunted sympathetic and cardiovascular stress reactivity. Prior publications from this clinical trial showed that 4 months of omega-3 supplements lowered basal inflammation and oxidative stress. But this preplanned ancillary substudy investigated whether it altered the stress responsivity of biomarkers relevant to telomere length and cellular aging. Relevant biomarkers include cortisol, inflammatory cytokines, and telomerase. Cortisol and pro-inflammatory cytokines naturally rise after acute stress. The researchers hypothesized that omega-3 supplements would reduce cortisol and inflammatory stress reactivity. Telomerase is an enzyme that maintains and restores telomeres. Levels of telomerase change in response to an acute laboratory stressor like the Trier Social Stress Test. The researchers predicted that telomerase levels would not change following an acute stressor among those taking omega-3. Researchers investigated these questions in a sedentary, overweight sample of middle-aged adults. This is a high-risk group for accelerated aging. 138 sedentary, overweight, middle-aged participants (93 women and 45 men) participated in the test. They received either 2.5 grams per day of omega-3, 1.25 grams per day of omega-3, or a placebo for 4 months. Before and after the trial, the participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test. The test is a laboratory procedure used to reliably induce stress in human research participants. The participants reported their state anxiety levels before and after the test. The test uses a 20-item State Anxiety Index that asks participants to rate themselves. On a four-point scale, they assert how strongly they are experiencing feelings such as calmness or jitteriness “right now, in this moment.” The scale options range from “not at all” to “very much.” The results of the study indicate that omega-3 supplements blocked stress-related decreases in telomerase and anti-inflammatory responses. The results of the study also suggest that Omega-3 may reduce the risk of poor mood via lowered stress-induced inflammation. The researchers note that, in the US, the average dietary intake of omega-3 is well below recommended values. And they suggest that daily omega-3 supplements alone may help protect cells from the toll of acute stressors. And this would facilitate a healthy biological aging process. The researchers acknowledge that these findings are preliminary. But, pending further confirmation of the results, they suggest that omega-3 supplements may limit the impact of repeated stress on cellular aging and poor mood. Thrivous develops Omega Cardioprotector to enhance heart and circulation function for better aging. Each serving of Omega provides a clinical dose of Omega 3 Lysine Complex, which is up to five times more powerful than common fish oil. As suggested by this study, Thrivous Omega may protect the body from cellular stress and promote better aging. Get your Omega in the Thrivous store today!
Researchers at the UC San Diego and Salk Institute have developed a tiny neural probe. It can be implanted for longer time periods to record and stimulate neural activity, while minimizing injury to the surrounding tissue. "For chronic neural interfacing, you want a probe that's stealthy, something that the body doesn't even know is there but can still communicate with neurons," says research co-leader Donald Sirbuly in a press release issued by UC San Diego. A paper is published in Nature Communications. It describes the new neural probe and the first tests on living laboratory mice. The probe is five times thinner than a human hair, and flexible. It consists of an electrical channel and an optical channel. The electrical channel contains an ultra-thin polymer electrode. The optical channel contains an optical fiber that is also ultra-thin. The probe can both record the electrical activity of neurons and stimulate specific sets of neurons using light. "Having this dual modality - electrical recording and optical stimulation - in such a small footprint is a unique combination," says Sirbuly. According to the researchers, this type of neural probe is ideal for studying small and dynamic areas of the nervous system like peripheral nerves or the spinal cord. "This is where you'd need a really small, flexible probe that can fit in between vertebrae to interface with neurons and can bend as the spinal cord moves," says research co-leader Axel Nimmerjahn. The researchers implanted the probes in the brains of living mice. The probes caused hardly any inflammation in the brain tissue after prolonged implantation. As the mice moved about in a controlled environment, the probes were able to record electrical activity from neurons with high sensitivity. The probes were also used to target specific neuron types to produce certain physical responses. Using the probes' optical channels, the researchers stimulated neurons in the cortex of the mice to move their whiskers. "Currently, we know relatively little about how the spinal cord works, how it processes information, and how its neural activity might be disrupted or impaired in certain disease conditions," adds Nimmerjahn. "It has been a technical challenge to record from this dynamic and tiny structure, and we think that our probes and future probe arrays have the unique potential to help us study the spinal cord - not just understand it on a fundamental level, but also have the ability to modulate its activity." In the paper, the researchers note that the new probes allow both robust electrical measurement and optogenetic stimulation of the brain. “Scalable fabrication strategies can be used with various electrical and optical materials, making the probes highly customizable to experimental requirements, including length, diameter, and mechanical properties,” they say. “Given their negligible inflammatory response, these probes promise to enable a new generation of readily tunable multi-modal devices for long-term, minimally invasive interfacing with neural circuits.” This seems to be a small but potentially very significant step toward the development of read/write brain machine interfaces.
In our hectic world, where everyone wants to do more and be more, there is one thing that significantly improves energy, focus, cognition, memory, and mood. And in addition, it supports healthy aging. In some ways, our bodies can be compared to a computer. Rebooting an electronic device that is acting weird can be almost magical. A full night’s sleep (7-8 hours for the average adult) does the same thing for our minds and bodies. We may think of sleep as rest, but it is actually a reboot. During sleep, almost every system in the body resets. Neuroscientist Dr. Merrill Mitler reports that “sleep services all aspects of our body.” It works on a molecular level to provide healthy gains by affecting cardiovascular and immune health, stress and growth hormones, cognitive reasoning, productivity, and even appetite. Lack of sufficient sleep is linked to age-related cognitive decline, increased anxiety and depression, obesity, heart disease, and an increased risk of illness. Getting sufficient high-quality sleep might be easier said than done. Thrivous Serenity has been clinically designed to naturally support relaxation, enhance restorative sleep, and improve next-day cognition and focus. Clinical Formulation It is often hard to calm and relax the mind at bedtime. Nothing is worse than lying in bed, knowing you really need sleep, but your mind is spinning. Or even more disturbing is drifting off quickly to only awaken in a couple of hours and not be able to go back to sleep. To promote relaxation, Thrivous Serenity contains ashwagandha and L-theanine. To promote falling and staying asleep, Thrivous Serenity includes magnesium glycinate and melatonin. Ingredients for Relaxation Ashwagandha Root Extract (KSM-66® Withanolide) 300 mg Ashwagandha is a clinically proven adaptogen used in traditional Indian medicine. Adaptogens are natural herbs that help normalize the body’s reaction to stress. Clinical trials show ashwagandha supplementation promotes a notable and highly consistent calming effect on people with stress, including stress from social situations. Stress is common in both mine and my husband’s family. When my daughter entered her junior year of high school, she asked if she could start taking something to take the edge off her relentless stress. Fortunately, I discovered this clinical trial that showed a 27.9% average reduction in participants’ blood serum cortisol levels after 60 days of supplementing with ashwagandha root extract (300 mg) -- our primary stress hormone is cortisol. Like most substances used to combat stress, ashwagandha requires time to accumulate in the system. Within a month of starting ashwagandha supplementation, my daughter reported feeling like she could better concentrate and explore solutions rather than fighting negative feelings. It is a great win for her without the side effects associated with other options. A 2019 study showed ashwagandha reduced serum cortisol levels and perceived stress in participants while improving sleep quality. These results were seen in participants taking either 250 mg or 600 mg of ashwagandha daily over those taking a placebo. KSM-66® Withanolide Ashwaganda has the highest bioavailability and concentration. It is the most clinically studied ashwagandha on the market. Examine.com suggests 600 mg daily may improve sleep. The effectiveness of long-term ashwagandha use has not been well studied. Most studies report ashwagandha is well tolerated. L-Theanine 200 mg L-Theanine is a plant-based amino acid that has been clinically shown to help calm, relax, and focus the mind. It crosses the blood-brain barrier to increase brain activity in the alpha frequency range. Alpha-band oscillations calm brain activity to improve attention and processing. Studies indicate L-Theanine has a notable and highly consistent relaxation effect, improving reaction time and performance, especially for highly stressed people. My daughter loves taking L-Theanine before stress-inducing activities such as tests, auditions, presentations, and social situations. As a sleep aid, L-Theanine appears to have stress reducing effects. The relaxed calmness generated from increased alpha wave activity helps shut down the mind to initiate high-quality sleep. One study suggests “200 mg of L-Theanine taken before bed may support improved sleep quality not by sedation but by anxiolysis.” Another study found taking 400 mg of L-Theanine (200 mg morning dose and 200 mg afternoon dose) significantly improved sleep percentages and efficacy scores in boys who were experiencing difficulty focusing. Ingredients for Sleep Magnesium 150 mg (Magnesium Glycinate 600 mg) Magnesium is an essential mineral involved in hundreds of enzyme processes. Unfortunately, the average American diet avoids magnesium-rich foods such s dark green leafy vegetables, seeds, legumes, nuts, and whole grains. According to the 2015-2020 US Dietary Survey, 61% of adults consume less than the estimated average requirement for magnesium. Among other things magnesium may help: Relax muscles Enhance sleep Lower blood pressure in healthy adults Promote anti-aging electrical and hormonal activity during sleep. A small study involving elderly adults found magnesium supplementation may help increase the amount of time spent in the slow-wave sleep cycle. Energy is restored in this cycle by improving sleep quality and memory processing and reducing cortisol secretion. In addition, low blood serum magnesium levels are often associated with conditions linked to chronic inflammatory stress markers. Standard magnesium supplement dosages range from 250 to 450 mg per day. As a caution, the upper tolerable intake level (UTIL) is set at 350 mg per day. The UTIL for magnesium is the highest dose not associated with diarrhea symptoms. Thrivous Serenity incorporates magnesium in the form of highly bioavailable magnesium glycinate. Magnesium glycinate may provide additional nootropic benefits because the compound is roughly 20% magnesium and 80% glycine (an amino acid). Glycine may also support restorative sleep and fight fatigue. Melatonin 5 mg Melatonin is a bioidentical hormone that induces and regulates sleep. It provides the following benefits: Enhances mental and physical performance Supports healthy gastrointestinal function Normalizes irregular sleep patterns Melatonin also may help reduce blood pressure and slow age-related cognitive impairment due to its ability to neutralize free radicals. However, its primary hormone purpose is to decrease the amount of time it takes to fall asleep. Melatonin levels naturally decrease with age. Low melatonin levels disturb sleep cycles and can be associated with insomnia. A study of prolonged-release melatonin supplementation (2 mg) taken nightly for three weeks to six months significantly improved how long it took for participants to fall asleep, their sleep quality, and hence, their reported quality of life. The study indicated the melatonin supplement was well tolerated with “no withdrawal symptoms or rebound insomnia detected.” Though all age groups benefited from melatonin supplementation, those over 55 saw the most favorable gains in reducing the amount of time to fall asleep. A study involving postmenopausal women with various physical symptoms found supplementing with melatonin (3 mg in the morning and 5 mg at bedtime) reduced body mass index (BMI) on average from 30.9 to 28.1 and significantly improved menopausal symptoms. Science, Quality, and Transparency Thrivous builds its brand on educated consumer trust. We formulate our supplements based on the latest clinical research and provide links for you to see that research. We want you to have the information you need to make the best decision for your health and future. We provide open source formulas for each product and incorporate the highest quality ingredients. In addition, Thrivous supplements are passed through a series of third-party laboratory tests to ensure the purity, strength, and safety of our products. With Thrivous supplements, you get the most well-studied ingredients at clinical dosages. Get on top of your day, be more energized, clear your mind, and be more productive. Thrivous Serenity Nightly Nootropic calms and relaxes to promote restorative sleep to reset and reboot. Try it today!
All participants in a clinical trial for rectal cancer conducted by Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSK) seem cancer-free. The participants had rectal cancer with a particular mutation. “In every case, the rectal cancer disappeared after immunotherapy - without the need for the standard treatments of radiation, surgery, or chemotherapy - and the cancer has not returned in any of the patients, who have been cancer-free for up to two years,” states an article published by MSK. “The immunotherapy shrank the tumors much faster than I expected,” says research co-leader Andrea Cercek. “Patients came to my office after just two or three treatments and said, ‘This is incredible. I feel normal again.’” A paper is published in New England Journal of Medicine. It reports that a monoclonal antibody called dostarlimab was administered every 3 weeks for 6 months in 12 patients with a certain type of rectal adenocarcinoma. All patients had a clinical complete response, with no evidence of cancer in all tests. No cases of progression or recurrence have been found. New York Times has a story about the first patient, who has been cancer-free for two years. Dostarlimab is sold under the brand name Jemperli. Dostarlimab “costs about $11,000 per dose,” New York Times reports. “It unmasks cancer cells, allowing the immune system to identify and destroy them.” Research co-leader Luis Diaz knows of no other study in which a treatment completely obliterated a cancer in every patient. “I believe this is the first time this has happened in the history of cancer,” Diaz said. The patients who participated in the study had tumors with a specific genetic makeup known as mismatch repair-deficient (MMRd). These tumors respond especially well to immunotherapy. “An MMRd tumor develops a defect in its ability to repair certain types of mutations that occur in cells,'' explained Diaz. “When those mutations accumulate in the tumor, they stimulate the immune system, which attacks the mutation-ridden cancer cells.” But cancer fights back by exploiting a safeguard called a checkpoint, which prevents immune cells from attacking normal cells. In other words, cancer cells put a brake on immune cells by pretending to be normal cells. An immunotherapy agent called a checkpoint inhibitor releases the brake on an immune cell, freeing it to recognize and attack cancer cells. “When the brakes are taken off the immune cells, MMRd cells look especially strange because they have so many mutations. So the immune cells attack with much more force,” explained Cercek. This is “the tip of the iceberg,” said Diaz. “We are investigating if this same method may help other cancers where the treatments are often life-altering and tumors can be MMRd. We are currently enrolling patients with gastric (stomach), prostate, and pancreatic cancers.” Using “immunotherapy to replace surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation to remove cancer … might sound futuristic - but in this trial, we have a clinical example where that happened,” concluded Diaz. The example is limited to MMRd cancers. But it seems plausible that the techniques developed by the MSK researchers could eventually find applications to other cancers as well.
Scientists at Cornell University have advanced toward a new gene editing tool. It is less than half the size of CRISPR-Cas9, which is currently the most reliable genome editing system. This new tool would allow scientists to fit genetic editors into smaller viral delivery systems to fix a variety of diseases. CRISPR-Cas9 tools need to be effectively delivered into every cell of the patient. And most Cas9s are too big to fit into popular genome therapy vectors, such as the Adenovirus-Associated Viruses (AAV). AAV don’t seem to cause diseases but only mild immune responses. And they are often used to create viral vectors for gene therapy. "Next-generation fancy applications require the gene editor to be fused with other enzymes and activities and most Cas9s are already too big for viral delivery. We are facing a traffic jam at the delivery end," says researcher Ailong Ke in a press release issued by Cornell University. "If Cas9s can be packaged into viral vectors that have been used for decades in the gene therapy field, like AAV, then we can be confident they can be delivered and we can focus research exclusively on the efficacy of the editing tool itself." The researchers suggest that nature uses transposons (mobile genetic elements inside bacteria) to deliver gene editing tools to cells. Transposons are believed to be evolutionary precursors to CRISPR systems. "Transposons are specialized genetic hitchhikers, integrating into and splicing out of our genomes all the time," adds Ke. "The systems inside bacteria in particular are being selected constantly - nature has basically tossed the dice billions of times and come up with really powerful DNA surgical tools, CRISPR included. And now, by defining these enzymes in high resolution, we can tap into their powers." CRISPR-Cas9 systems use an RNA as a guide to recognize a sequence of DNA. When a match is found, the Cas9 protein snips the target DNA at just the right place. It's then possible to do surgery at the DNA level to fix genetic diseases. A paper is published in Science. The researchers report that they used high resolution cryo-electron microscopy (Cryo-EM) to study IscB, a molecule found in transposons. "It's about understanding the molecules' structure and how they perform the chemical reactions," says researcher Gabriel Schuler. "Studying these transposons gives us a new starting point to generate more powerful and accessible gene editing tools." It turns out that IscB works like Cas9 but has a smaller size. Therefore, replacing Cas9 with IscB would solve the size problem. The researchers were even able to engineer slimmer IscB variants, by removing nonessential parts from IscB. They've already removed 55 amino acids without affecting IscB's activity. And they hope to make future versions of this genome editor even smaller and hence even more useful.
Scientists at Georgia State University have created gene-edited hamsters for studies of social neuroscience. And they have found that the biology behind social behavior may be more complex than previously thought. A study is published in PNAS. It reports that the scientists used CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing technology in hamsters to eliminate a receptor called Avpr1a. The receptor responds to a hormone called vasopressin. This mechanism regulates social phenomena ranging from pair bonding, cooperation, and social communication to dominance and aggression. The scientists found that knocking out the Avpr1a receptor in hamsters effectively eliminated vasopressin's action. And it dramatically altered the expression of social behavior in unexpected ways. Hamsters provide a powerful model for the studies of social behavior. Their social organization is far more similar to humans than that observed in mice, even though mice are the most common laboratory animal. Hamsters are the species in which vasopressin was first demonstrated to influence sociality. "We were really surprised at the results," says research co-leader H. Elliott Albers in a press release issued by Georgia State University. "We anticipated that if we eliminated vasopressin activity, we would reduce both aggression and social communication. But the opposite happened." What happened was that the gene-edited hamsters showed much higher levels of both social communication and aggression. In particular, the typical sex differences observed in aggressiveness were eliminated. And both male and female hamsters displayed high levels of aggression towards other same-sex individuals. "This suggests a startling conclusion," says Albers. "Even though we know that vasopressin increases social behaviors by acting within a number of brain regions, it is possible that the more global effects of the Avpr1a receptor are inhibitory." "We don't understand this system as well as we thought we did. The counterintuitive findings tell us we need to start thinking about the actions of these receptors across entire circuits of the brain and not just in specific brain regions." "Developing gene-edited hamsters was not easy," concludes Albers. "But it is important to understand the neurocircuitry involved in human social behavior and our model has translational relevance for human health. Understanding the role of vasopressin in behavior is necessary to help identify potential new and more effective treatment strategies for a diverse group of neuropsychiatric disorders ranging from autism to depression." Futurism has a story titled “ Scientists Gene Hack Hamsters Into Hyper-Aggressive Monsters: That wasn't supposed to happen! ” Other publications raise alarm and “hope scientists keep their CRISPR experiments confined to the lab until we know much more about the relationship between DNA and traits.” I think this sounds reasonable. But it is important that the research continues until we know much more on how genes influence social behavior. Then we’ll know enough to think of important applications.
Researchers have studied the effect of a combination of Magnesium, B vitamins, Rhodiola, and L Theanine in stressed but otherwise healthy individuals. Previous studies demonstrated the beneficial effects of Rhodiola and Green Tea extracts on acute stress. Green tea contains L Theanine, which is known to offer benefits including relaxation, calmness, better mood, and reduced stress. Rhodiola has been used as a traditional medicine to relieve stress and fatigue. It's known to help in building resilience and supporting healthy cardiovascular responses. The objective of the study was to demonstrate the efficacy of this supplement combo in managing stress in healthy individuals. The researchers also evaluated its effect on sleep, among other aspects of health. Stress is a common health problem that affects 29% of the general population, rising to 44% among healthcare professionals. Unmanaged, it can lead to devastating effects on physical and mental health. Considering the adverse effects of existing drug therapies, there is a need to identify options that are better adapted to the needs of healthy populations for the management of stress. Therefore, there has been extensive research into herbal extracts and mineral supplements to explore their benefits. The researchers evaluated the effect of the supplement combo in stressed, healthy individuals scoring at least 14 points on a clinically validated, self-reported measurement of stress. The researchers also explored the effects of the supplement combo on aspects of life commonly affected by stress, such as quality of sleep and perception of pain. Participation in the study was open to adults (18 to 65 years of age) of either sex who were not using any drug treatments (including analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs). Persons recently treated with antibiotics and persons receiving treatment or dietary supplements containing magnesium or herbal extracts were not included. The key exclusion criteria were contraindication or hypersensitivity to magnesium and severe renal failure. The participants received either the supplement combo or a placebo once a day in the morning for 28 days. The supplement combo consisted of a tablet that provided 150 mg of Magnesium, 0.7 mg of Vitamin B6, 0.1 mg of Vitamin B9, 1.25 µg of Vitamin B12, 222 mg of Rhodiola, and 50 mg of L Theanine. The results of this study, conducted in stressed but healthy individuals, demonstrated the effectiveness of the supplement combo (compared with placebo) for alleviating stress. Furthermore, the supplement combo may diminish pain perception, which may improve sleep in some cases. According to the researchers, this study is the first to demonstrate a significant clinical effect of a dietary supplement on stress relief after only 14 days of treatment. Further studies are planned, including gender-specific studies. Thrivous develops Clarity and Serenity Stack to enhance mood, focus, and memory during the day, as well as relaxation and sleep at night. Each serving of Clarity provides clinical doses of B Vitamins, Rhodiola, and L Theanine. And each serving of Serenity provides clinical doses of Magnesium and L Theanine. As suggested by this study, Clarity and Serenity Stack may help to manage stress, and improve sleep.
Researchers at University of Bern have identified how sleep consolidates the storage of positive emotions and dampens the consolidation of negative ones. That healthy sleep is critical for mental well-being and emotion regulation seems evident to me on the basis of personal experience. But it is good to see the importance of sleep in mental health confirmed by scientific studies that also suggest new therapeutic strategies. Most dreams with intense emotional content occur in a sleep phase called REM (Rapid Eye Movement). Studies have shown that the brain integrates many of these emotions during wakefulness but not during REM sleep. "Our goal was to understand the underlying mechanism and the functions of such a surprising phenomenon," says research leader Antoine Adamantidis in a press release issued by University of Bern. A study is published in Science. It provides insights into how the brain helps to reinforce positive emotions and weaken strongly negative or traumatic emotions during REM sleep. The researchers experimented with laboratory mice trained to recognize sounds associated with safety and other sounds associated with danger. Monitoring and recording the activity of neurons in the mice's brains allowed the researchers to determine how emotional memories are transformed during REM sleep. The body of a neuron, called soma, integrates information coming from input channels called dendrites and sends signals to other neurons via output channels called axons. The researchers found that somas are kept silent while their dendrites are activated during REM sleep. "This means a decoupling of the two cellular compartments, in other words soma wide asleep and dendrites wide awake," explains Adamantidis. This decoupling is important because the strong activity of the dendrites allows the encoding of both danger and safety emotions, while the inhibitions of the soma completely block the output of the circuit during REM sleep. In other words, the brain favours the discrimination of safety versus danger in the dendrites. But it blocks the over-reaction to emotion, in particular danger. "This bi-directional mechanism is essential to optimize the discrimination between dangerous and safe signals," says researcher Mattia Aime. It seems plausible that evolution has developed this optimization mechanism to favor the survival of all animals in an often dangerous world. In humans, impairments of this balancing mechanism can lead to excessive fear reactions, anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorders. In such cases, traumatic emotions are consolidated too much. These findings pave the way to a better understanding of the processing of emotions during sleep in humans. And they open new perspectives for sleep medicine. In Europe, roughly 15% of the population is affected by persistent anxiety and severe mental illness. It is hoped that breakthroughs in sleep medicine could not only help patients who suffer from severe mental conditions, but also improve the mental well-being of everyone. "We hope that our findings will not only be of interest to the patients, but also to the broad public," concludes Adamantidis.
Researchers at the University of Bath have studied the mental health effects of a week-long social media break. And they suggest that just one week off social media can reduce symptoms of depression and anxiety, and improve overall levels of well-being. In the UK, the number of adults using social media increased from 45 percent in 2011 to 71 percent in 2021. As many as 97% of those aged 16 to 44 use social media. "Scrolling social media is so ubiquitous that many of us do it almost without thinking from the moment we wake up to when we close our eyes at night,” says lead researcher Jeff Lambert in a press release issued by University of Bath. "We know that social media usage is huge and that there are increasing concerns about its mental health effects, so with this study, we wanted to see whether simply asking people to take a week's break could yield mental health benefits.” A paper is published in Cyberpsychology, Behaviour and Social Networking. The researchers describe the methods and results of a study with 154 participants aged 18 to 72. They used social media every day, spending an average of 8 hours per week scrolling social media platforms like Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and TikTok. The participants were divided into an intervention group where they were asked to stop using all social media for one-week, and a control group where they could continue using social media without restrictions. The levels of anxiety, depression, and overall well-being of all participants were evaluated at the beginning of the study. "Many of our participants reported positive effects from being off social media with improved mood and less anxiety overall," says Lambert. "This suggests that even just a small break can have an impact." In fact, the participants who were asked to take the one-week break had significant improvements in well-being, depression, and anxiety compared to those who continued to use social media. This suggests a short-term benefit. The researchers plan further and more detailed studies. And they suggest that a break from social media could form part of the suite of clinical options used to help manage mental health. "Of course, social media is a part of life and for many people, it's an indispensable part of who they are and how they interact with others,” concludes Lambert. “But if you are spending hours each week scrolling and you feel it is negatively impacting you, it could be worth cutting down on your usage to see if it helps." Allow me some personal considerations. I use social media like everyone else. But this doesn’t negatively impact me because I don’t take social media too seriously. I use Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram. I don’t use TikTok at the moment. I like scrolling to see updates from friends and people I admire. But I mostly ignore toxic partisan talk and fake news politics and culture. Also, I assume that everything is fake unless I see it confirmed by multiple unbiased or differently-biased sources. I recommend this as a way to enjoy social networks without letting them kill your well-being.
Have you ever sat down to do something significant and possibly urgent, but you simply cannot concentrate for more than a few minutes? Have you ever gotten to the gym and felt like turning around and walking back out to hit the couch, or worse the fridge? Or how about being so nervous about a big test or presentation that facts and figures are all jumbled in your mind? And you cannot seem to remember anything you painstakingly reviewed in the last couple of days. In all of these situations, caffeine could help wake up and focus your mind and body. But using caffeine alone, especially in higher doses, can leave you jittery, shaky, and unable to focus. There is so much more to an energy boost than the ability to just keep going like an energizer bunny. Thrivous Surge offers a relaxed, focused energy boost by adding L-Theanine and Panax ginseng to complement Caffeine. Skip the jitters and crashes caused by caffeine by adding Thrivous Surge to your performance boosting regime. Thrivous Surge Thrivous Surge contains: 200 mg L-Theanine 100 mg Panax Ginseng Root Extract (7% Ginsenoside) 100 mg Caffeine Anhydrous How Caffeine Works in the Brain Humans have used caffeine for centuries to help them wake up and get going. Coffee, green tea, black tea, yerba mate, and even cocoa beans are natural sources of caffeine. Note that the Food and Drug Administration notes for healthy adults, up to 400 mg of daily caffeine is “not generally associated with dangerous, negative side effects.” The American Academy of Pediatrics discourages children and teenagers from consuming caffeine. Caffeine use should be limited when pregnant or breastfeeding. Biochemistry explains how caffeine stimulates the brain. With every waking hour, adenosine levels rise and accumulate in the brain. Adenosine acts as an inhibitory transmitter to relax and sedate the brain for sleep. With a similar chemical structure to adenosine, caffeine readily crosses the blood-brain barrier and interferes with adenosine binding. It takes about forty-five minutes from ingesting caffeine to reach maximum blood serum levels. Depending on the person, the biochemical effects caused by caffeine can last up to six hours. Interrupting adenosine binding increases the uptake of acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, and adrenaline to promote energy, cognition, focus, and recall. Acetylcholine helps encode new memories to support working memory, cognition, and recall. Dopamine is best known for boosting mood. However, it is also involved in relaying nerve messages to enhance movement, memory, attention, learning, and cognition. Serotonin is the neurotransmitter associated with “feeling good”. Besides enhancing mood, it also supports focus. Adrenaline is the hormone and neurotransmitter responsible for the heightened senses in fight-or-flight responses. It increases oxygenated blood flow and releases stored glucose to increase focus, strength, and speed. Along with increased mental focus, caffeine taken pre-work has been clinically shown to enhance strength and endurance performance in high-intensity exercise. Benefits of Caffeine Anhydrous Anhydrous means without water. Caffeine anhydrous is derived by isolating and dehydrating the caffeine contained in natural caffeine sources. As pure caffeine, it is easier to determine the exact dosage and conveniently package it into pills and powders. How L-Theanine Works in the Brain L-Theanine is a non-protein amino acid found in certain plants, especially green tea. It has a similar chemical structure to the neurotransmitter glutamine and passes the blood-brain barrier within 30 minutes of ingestion. Researchers believe L-Theanine increases the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and neuromodulators serotonin and dopamine to relay neuron signals in a calm and relaxed manner. My high school-aged daughter deals with extreme anxiety. After researching the calming effect of L-Theanine, we decided to see if it could provide some relief. What a difference it has made for her! She has chosen to take L-Theanine (150 mg) when she feels highly anxious. Within fifteen minutes, she reports feeling a descending calmness. The things that were threatening to overwhelm her dropped to a mild annoyance. Research indicates daily use of L-Theanine (200 mg) promotes better sleep, helps reduce stress-related symptoms, and improves cognition. Benefits of Adding L-Theanine to Caffeine Taking L-Theanine with caffeine reduces the jitters associated with caffeine use alone to improve attention, focus, and motivation. Research shows using L-Theanine with caffeine may improve cognitive performance, as shown in a clinical trial involving attention switching and memory tasks. After reading clinical research concerning the benefit of adding L-Theanine to caffeine for highly anxious students before test-taking, we decided to try that out for my daughter, too. She reports feeling highly focused but calm during tests and that the combination enhances her working memory and recall. The combination increases her confidence to work through difficult situations in an organized manner. The effect has been so startling that she now takes caffeine with L-Theanine before any AP test, standardized test, or dance audition. Panax Ginseng’s Effect on the Body Panax ginseng studies show it has a highly consistent ability to increase acute cognitive functioning. Scientists theorize that Panax ginseng stimulates the system to reduce mental fatigue through its glycaemic properties (how it affects blood glucose levels). A study of healthy volunteers found a single dose of 200 mg of Panax ginseng may increase mental performance by reducing fatigue in sustained cognitive activity. Another study showed short term use of Panax ginseng may improve mood and aspects of working memory when taken at 200 mg or 400 mg doses. A long-term study indicates maximum benefits of Panax ginseng are associated with short-term use. Participants demonstrated improved social, mental health, and cognitive functioning at four weeks of daily use (200 mg). At eight weeks, the improvements had not continued, suggesting the body may build a tolerance to Panax ginseng. Ginseng with Caffeine for Athletic Performance A 2011 study indicates using Panax ginseng with caffeine may increase athletic endurance, especially in hot, humid conditions. Vitals and metabolic markers appeared similar in the double-blind randomized study. However, the caffeine-Panax ginseng participants lasted longer on the treadmill. Increase Your Performance with Thrivous Surge Thirvous Surge is designed for occasional use to promote a clear, calm, focused, and energized state. It is the perfect product for times when you need exceptional performance. When you have an important task or event in front of you, trust Thrivous Surge to help you accomplish it in a calm and focused style. In addition, Thrivous color codes Surge with orange carmine, so you can’t mix it up with other supplement products. The orange capsules are a reminder that it is a stimulant. It will keep you awake and alert for up to six hours after ingestion. Given the nature of caffeine and Panax ginseng, Thrivous Surge works best when used intermittently. The body naturally builds a tolerance to caffeine, requiring higher dosages to experience the same results. To break a caffeine tolerance, simply stop using it for a few weeks. Overusing caffeine can cause anxiety, insomnia, jitters, nausea, headache, and a fast heart rate. Complete Transparency with Thrivous Informed consumers have the information they need to make the best choices for their health and well-being. To that end, Thrivous discloses all ingredients and dosage amounts in each supplement label. Thrivous combs through research studies and clinical trials to determine the right supplement combinations and bioactive dosages for desired results. Thrivous supplements are third-party tested for identity, purity, efficacy, and safety. And we provide all product laboratory tests on our website for public review. With Thrivous supplements, there is no question about what you are taking. Discover how Thrivous supplements can support your healthy life choices today!
Johns Hopkins biomedical engineers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) training strategy to capture images of mouse brain cells in action. The engineers say the AI system and specialized ultra-small microscopes make it possible to find precisely where and when cells are activated during movement, learning, and memory. "When a mouse's head is restrained for imaging, its brain activity may not truly represent its neurological function," says research leader Xingde Li in a press release issued by Johns Hopkins. "To map brain circuits that control daily functions in mammals, we need to see precisely what is happening among individual brain cells and their connections, while the animal is freely moving around, eating and socializing." Previously, the engineers developed ultra-small microscopes that the mice can wear on the top of their head. These microscopes measure only a couple of millimeters in diameter, which limits the imaging technology they can carry on board. Therefore, the frame rate that the miniature microscopes can achieve is lower than the 20 frames per second that would be needed to eliminate all the disturbances from the motion of a freely moving mouse. To solve this problem, the engineers reduced the resolution (number of pixels) of the microscopes and trained an AI program based on deep learning and deep neural networks to recognize and restore the missing points, enhancing the images to a higher resolution. Video-rate imaging was achieved by increasing the scanning speed and decreasing the scanning density during data acquisition in conjunction with the assistance of deep neural networks. The engineers developed a two-stage training strategy, described in a research paper published in Nature Communications. First, they began training the AI to identify the building blocks of the brain from images of fixed samples of mouse brain tissue. Then, they trained the AI to recognize these building blocks in a head-restrained living mouse under their ultra-small microscope. This step trained the AI to recognize brain cells with natural structural variation and a small bit of motion caused by the movement of the mouse's breathing and heartbeat. "The hope was that whenever we collect data from a moving mouse, it will still be similar enough for the AI network to recognize," explains Li. The engineers adapted an open-source, deep learning platform distributed via Github to recover image quality. The engineers found that the AI could adequately restore the image quality up to 26 frames per second. "We could never have seen this information at such high resolution and frame rate before," says Li. "This development could make it possible to gather more information on how the brain is dynamically connected to action on a cellular level."
Scientists have investigated the effects of anthocyanin supplements on adverse metabolic and inflammatory responses to the consumption of a high fat meal in healthy individuals. The scientists note that unhealthy diets, such as Western style diets high in fats and carbohydrates, can trigger several pathologies. In particular, high fat meals lead to a series of short-term events described as postprandial dysmetabolism. These events include alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism, endotoxemia, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Importantly, postprandial dysmetabolism has been associated with poor aging. Anthocyanins are compounds that provide color to dark berries such as blueberries, grapes, purple corn, and black rice, among other fruits and vegetables. Anthocyanidins are sugar-free counterparts of anthocyanins. In this study, the scientists investigated the effects of an anthocyanin extract on metabolic and inflammation-related parameters in healthy individuals. The participants in the study included 25 healthy volunteers, aged between 19 and 35. They consumed a high fat meal simultaneously with either the anthocyanin extract or a placebo. The extract was a blend of 150 mg blueberry extract, 230 mg black currant extract, and 620 mg black rice extract. These amounts are suitable for both acute and long-term human consumption, and also reflect those used in some other clinical studies. Thus, the obtained results are of practical relevance when it comes to making recommendations for dietary intakes and/or the use of supplements. Blood samples were collected from the participants in both the supplement and placebo groups. And the samples were analyzed to measure parameters related to endotoxemia, inflammation, oxidative stress, and alterations in lipid and glucose metabolism. The scientists conclude that the results of the study provide evidence in support of the protective actions of anthocyanin extract against these metabolic alterations. They also indicate that the consumption of fruits and vegetables rich in anthocyanins can counterbalance the adverse consequences of the ingestion of unhealthy meals. The scientists are persuaded that this is a strategy with the potential for high impact on human health. As usual in this type of study, the scientists note that further studies of the long-term and dose-dependent effects of anthocyanin consumption, and their impact on metabolic health, are needed. In particular, further dose-response studies should establish the optimal amounts to be consumed. Thrivous develops Vitality Geroprotector to enhance metabolic and cellular function for better aging. Each serving of Vitality provides a clinical dose of anthocyanin extract from blueberry, along with complementary nutrients. As indicated by this study, Vitality may help to protect the body from negative metabolic effects of high fat meals. Vitality is available online in the Thrivous store.
Scientists at UC San Francisco and Imperial College London have found that psilocybin can help depressed people. Psilocybin is a naturally occurring compound produced by more than 200 species of fungi, known for psychedelic effects. In particular, psilocybin fosters greater connections between different regions of the brain. This may free depressed people from long-held patterns of rumination and excessive self-focus. A research paper is published in Nature Medicine. Scientists note that, while psilocybin therapy is known to show antidepressant potential, its therapeutic actions haven’t been well understood. The researchers argue that the results of this study suggest an antidepressant mechanism for psilocybin therapy. The mechanism is global increases in brain network integration. The scientists studied fMRI brain scans from nearly sixty participants. They were given psilocybin or a placebo. In addition to the drugs, all the participants received the same type of psychotherapy. The results of this study show the psilocybin treatment reduced connections within brain areas that are tightly connected in depression. And treatment increased connections to other regions of the brain that had not been well integrated. The participants treated with psilocybin experienced an improvement of depressive symptoms, which lasted for weeks after the end of the treatment with psilocybin. “In previous studies we had seen a similar effect in the brain when people were scanned whilst on a psychedelic, but here we're seeing it weeks after treatment for depression, which suggests a carry-over of the acute drug action," says research leader Robin Carhart-Harris in a press release issued by US San Francisco. Psilocybin and other psychedelics, like ayahuasca, seem to affect neural connections in brain networks that become overactive in depression. The scientists argue that the drugs briefly disrupt these connections, giving them a chance to reform in new ways in the ensuing days and weeks. "For the first time we find that psilocybin works differently from conventional antidepressants - making the brain more flexible and fluid, and less entrenched in the negative thinking patterns associated with depression," says Imperial College researcher David Nutt. "This supports our initial predictions and confirms psilocybin could be a real alternative approach to depression treatments." Singularity Hub uses the term “magic mushrooms,” which is not used in the press release or the Nature Medicine paper. “Pioneering trials found that just one or two doses of psilocybin, the main component in magic mushrooms, rapidly pulls people out of severe depression.” The study found that psilocybin “shakes up global neural networks in the brain, essentially ‘rebooting’ how they communicate and forcing the brain out of its entrenched depressive funk.” “It might sound trite to say, but I think psilocybin therapy opens up the mind, and that’s its strength,” said Carhart-Harris as reported by Singularity Hub. Scientists caution that patients with depression should not attempt to self-medicate with psilocybin. "We don't yet know how long the changes in brain activity seen with psilocybin therapy last, and we need to do more research to understand this," says Carhart-Harris. "We do know that some people relapse, and it may be that after a while their brains revert to the rigid patterns of activity we see in depression."
Researchers have conducted a rigorous study to evaluate the effects of short-term supplementation with Ginseng on exercise-induced muscle damage, oxidative stress, and inflammation following intense downhill running. Exercise-induced muscle damage can occur following prolonged and overloaded exercise training. It results in muscle fiber microdamage and increased oxidative stress. It is characterized by a reduction in the functional performance of muscles, disruption of muscle structure, production of reactive oxygen species, and inflammatory reactions. Ginseng is a popular herbal supplement that has been reported to possess a wide range of pharmacological properties for the improvement of cognitive and other bodily functions. Ginseng contains ginsenoside, which is a critical phytochemical and major bioactive component. The researchers report on the methods and conclusions of the study in a December 2021 paper published in Nutrients. The paper is open access. The objectives of this study were to identify the protective effects of Ginseng supplements on muscle damage, by evaluating the changes in creatine kinase activity and delayed onset muscle soreness. Researchers sought to evaluate the anti-oxidative effects of Ginseng supplements on lipid peroxidation. And they tried to determine the changes in pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines after downhill running. Fourteen male physically active college students in their early twenties were recruited for this study. Exclusion criteria included regular use of dietary supplements or drugs; history of cardiovascular, musculoskeletal, or immune system disorders; and habits of smoking or alcohol consumption. The study participants received 400 mg capsules containing either Ginseng extract or a placebo. And they were instructed to ingest four capsules once a day in the morning during a period of 28 days. Then the study participants performed downhill running to induce oxidative stress and muscle damage. Blood samples and biochemical measurements provided data for statistical analysis of the biomarkers listed above, which are associated with oxidation, inflammation, and muscle damage. The results of the study suggest, according to the researchers, that Ginseng supplements reduce oxidative stress and enhance inflammatory adaptation following downhill running in human subjects. In particular, the findings indicate that short-term Ginseng supplementation seems to alleviate exercise-induced muscle damage caused by downhill running in males. This protective effect of Ginseng on exercise-induced muscle damage is probably contributed, according to the researchers, by the decrease in lipid peroxidation during exercise and the promotion of inflammatory adaptation. At the same time, the researchers caution that there are limitations to this study, mostly due to the small sample size. And they call for more investigation of the effects of Ginseng on exercise-induced inflammatory response. Using on the best available science, Thrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving of Surge provides a clinical dose of Ginseng, in an extract that is standardized and tested for ginsenoside. Each serving also provides clinical doses of Caffeine and L Theanine. Surge is available to purchase online in the Thrivous store.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes and UC San Francisco have developed a strategy and molecular building blocks for the design of therapeutic cells with improved specificity and safety, and for the eventual customization of cell-based therapies. Engineered immune cells can be precise and sophisticated in their ability to detect and eliminate cancer cells. But therapies based on engineered immune cells still face important limitations, including toxicity and the possibility that they could attack healthy cells. In addition, customizing existing therapeutic cells for new applications has been challenging. "We have identified principles that should greatly facilitate the engineering of therapeutic cells with greater sensitivity, accuracy, and safety than was possible before," says research leader Kole Roybal in a press release issued by Gladstone Institutes. "Our work will provide biomedical researchers with a toolkit for directing a range of cell-based therapies to their intended targets and for programming their therapeutic activities." "These smart cell therapies can unleash potent therapeutic activity precisely at the site of disease, improving the efficacy of the therapy and reducing the chance of life-threatening toxicities seen in patients," adds Roybal. Therapeutic cells are covered with large proteins called receptors. The outer portion of a receptor recognizes a specific target (for instance a protein on the surface of a cancer cell) and the inner portion tells the therapeutic cell what to do upon recognizing this target. Previously the researchers had developed a receptor called synNotch that can direct therapeutic cells to better recognize and kill solid tumors. Now there's a paper published in Cell. It describes how the researchers have improved the original synNotch by systematically swapping various portions of the receptor. Eventually, the researchers have produced a catalog of receptors dubbed SNIPRs, which are small enough for cost-effective engineering into human cells. "A challenging but fun feat was figuring out how different parts of known receptors function, so that we could take those pieces apart and put them back together in novel ways to meet our design specifications," says researcher Raymond Liu. "Understanding the rules of receptor design allowed us to build receptors that are more effective and also better suited for clinical translation," adds researcher Iowis Zhu. Roybal co-founded a company called Arsenal Bio. It is participating in the development of cell therapies based on SNIPRs for various types of cancer, as well as autoimmune diseases. "Engineered cells have the potential to operate as much smarter therapeutics than traditional small molecules and biologics," concludes Roybal. "We're hoping our new receptor system will serve as a technology platform enabling scientists and clinicians to design safer, targeted, and more effective cell-based therapies against cancer and many other diseases."
Have you ever met an older person who is sharp as a tack? I know men and women over age 75 whose mental agility is striking. Their ability to pay attention to details, recall, perceive, learn, and express themselves (often with fun-loving banter) amazes me. They are active, involved, and full of spunk. All too often cognitive decline is associated with advancing age. However, research shows the slippery slope of mental decline starts much earlier. It begins at least as early as, if not before, middle adulthood (forty years old). Once decline starts, studies indicate it continues on a relatively continuous path. Longitudinal studies find initial and advancing cognitive decline is not associated with diagnosed medical illnesses, nor indicated in blood work. Cross-sectional studies show cognitive decline affects a wide range of people despite their individual mental and/or physical status. In essence, the brain covers up cognitive decline without you or your doctor noticing it until it reaches a significant point where the brain can no longer compensate. Instead of waiting and wondering how your brain will age, take action to support long-term cognitive functioning. Healthy living, good nutrition, proper sleep, exercise, mental engagement, social interaction, and stress reduction are cumulative. And so is the power of targeted dietary supplements to help protect the brain and nerves. Supplements for Cognition There are two ways supplements support and protect brain cells, neurons, and nerves to keep cognitive operations sharp. They can: Neutralize and remove toxins and inflammation generated in metabolic processes. Support healthy brain function and enhance memory by protecting brain cells. Advancing technology continues to evolve our understanding of brain functioning, aging, and neurogenesis. Neurogenesis of adult brain cells is known to happen in two areas of the brain: the subventricular zone and the hippocampus. The generation of new neurons in other parts of the brain is not well understood. We do know that many brain cells last a lifetime. Supporting brain cell numbers, health, and functionality provides the best scenario for cognitive aging. Ammonia and Cognitive Consequences Ammonia is the natural by-product of the metabolic processes that fuel life. Ammonia is also generated by intestinal bacteria. The liver filters ammonia out of the blood to form urea, which is then passed through the kidneys and released out of the body in urine. The body’s waste removal system must keep circulating ammonia levels very low. Even a slight rise is toxic to the central nervous system, poisoning nerves, neurons, and brain cells. Ammonia also breaks down the blood-brain barrier, allowing other miscreants to enter the brain and wreak havoc. Unfortunately, science shows ammonia levels in the brain naturally increase with age, resulting in neuropathological issues. Every system in the body affects other systems. Supporting the liver to remove ammonia provides a foundation for healthy cognitive aging. Inflammation Affects Cognition Inflammation is the body’s defense to promote healing in cases of injury, toxins, or invading pathogens. But the immune system can go into overload, especially with high-sugar and high-fat diets, causing the body to experience systemic inflammation. Because the immune system and the central nervous system are closely tied, inflammation also breaks down the blood-brain barrier. Research links systemic inflammation with neurodegenerative disorders. In addition, systemic inflammation also impairs neurogenesis. Reducing overall inflammation through healthy habits benefits cognitive aging. Thrivous Alpha Neuroprotector Thrivous relies on current scientific research to target the right ingredients at beneficial dosages. Thrivous Alpha Neuroprotector contains the following ingredients to protect brain and nerve cells and support healthy cognitive aging, memory, recall, and executive functioning. Acetyl L-Carnitine Hydrochloride (ALCAR HCl) 500 mg Studies observe that ALCAR may: reduce ammonia reduce neuroinflammation act as an antioxidant to prevent apoptosis support metabolism decrease physical and mental fatigue According to the study of neurobiology, L-Carnitine supplementation may slow mental deterioration.“Dietary supplementation of ALC exerts neuroprotective, neurotrophic, antidepressive and analgesic effects in painful neuropathies.” ALCAR’s daily dosages should be between 630 and 2,500 mg. L-Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine (Alpha GPC) 300 mg Studies observe that Alpha GPC may: i ncrease the uptake of ALCAR provide the most bioavailable form of choline improve cognitive functioning Recent information from Arizona State University highlights two ways Alpha GPC may provide neuroprotection. Alpha GPC converts the neurodegenerative amino acid homocysteine into methionine. Alpha GPC may keep the brain house cleaning microglia cells in check to reduce neuroinflammation. A daily dosage of 1,200 mg of choline broken into three 400 mg doses was used in most clinical trials involving cognitive decline. Sodium R Alpha Lipoic Acid (Na R ALA) 150 mg Studies observe that ALA may: enhance neuromodulators reverse age-related oxidation enhance efficacy of ALCAR ALA is both fat and water-soluble. It works throughout the body and passes the blood brain barrier. The dosage is in the 300-600 mg per day range. Phosphatidylserine (PS) 100 mg (PS from SerinAid® 70 P 143 mg) Studies observe that PS may: replenish fatty substance that protects brain cells support memory and other cognitive functions A 2015 assessment of PS supplementation in the 300-800 mg/d range found that it “safely slows, halts, or reverses biochemical alterations and structural deterioration in nerve cells.” Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract 90 mg (24% Flavone Glycoside, 6% Terpene L-Acetone) Studies observe that Ginkgo may: neutralize damaging free radicals improve blood circulation increase blood flow to the brain A 20-year longitudinal population-based study found “cognitive decline in a non-demented elderly population was lower in subjects who reported using [Ginkgo] than in those who did not.” For adults experiencing mild to moderate cognitive decline, one study found Ginkgo may support general functioning, including cognitive functioning and improved mental health. Studies indicate taking 40-120 mg three times a day. Protect the Brain with Thrivous Instead of viewing the aging process negatively, discover the power of intentional living. Early adulthood is the time to support healthy cognitive aging. Thrivous supplements are designed to work together and complement one another. Emerging research points to the ability to generate new brain cells. Thrivous offers supplements with additional ingredients that help support optimal neurogenesis. These ingredients include Omega 3 in Omega, Blueberry in Vitality, and Curcumin in Tenacity. Start your journey to healthy aging today with Thrivous supplements. You can age with grace and enhanced cognitive functioning when you live intentionally. With Thrivous Alpha, you can enjoy life to the fullest with a sharp mind. Learn new things, spill wisdom, and engage in playful conversations. Thrivous supplements contain only the best ingredients at clinical dosages. All raw ingredients and final products are subject to rigorous testing to ensure you get safe and pure supplements.
New York University scientists have discovered how working memory is formatted. And they have advanced toward better understanding of how visual memories are stored. Working memory is the ability to store and retrieve information for short periods of time. And impairments of working memory are associated with many psychiatric and neurologic conditions, including schizophrenia. "For decades researchers have wondered about the nature of the neural representations that support our working memory," explains research leader Clayton Curtis in a press release issued by New York University. "In this study, we used both experimental and analytical techniques to reveal the format of working memory representations in the brain." "Although we can predict the contents of your working memory from the patterns of brain activity, what exactly these patterns are coding for has remained impenetrable," adds Curtis. A paper is published in Neuron. Scientists measured the brain activity of participants in the study. They used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), while the participants performed visual working memory tasks. With the help of models of the brain, scientists created a representation of the neural activity of participants. Participants viewed a monitor. And their viewing patterns were translated into coordinates within the space of the monitor. This enabled the scientists to "see" how working memory is encoded. Participants were presented with two different visual stimuli. In some trials, the visual stimulus was a tilted grating. And in others it was a cloud of moving dots. After a delay, participants had to indicate the exact angle of the grating's tilt or the exact angle of the dot cloud's motion. The results of the study indicate that working memory uses the same format to encode the direction of the motion of the dots and the orientation of the titled grating. "We reasoned that only the task-relevant features of the tested stimuli were extracted and re-coded into a shared memory format, perhaps taking the form of an abstract line-like shape angled to match either the orientation of the grating or the direction of dot motion," explains Curtis. “We could see lines of activity across the topographic maps at angles corresponding to the motion direction and grating." Generalizing, it seems that the brain discards task-irrelevant features. And it also encodes task-relevant features into efficient memory formats. This confirms and extends a previously known feature of working memory. Visual working memory about letters and numbers is encoded using the same format as verbal working memory. That the brain uses an efficient format to represent many different things makes a lot of sense to me. It's an optimized strategy developed over the course of evolution. And it seems likely to me that this research program will not only shed more light on how our own brains work, but also permit advances toward human-like artificial intelligence.
Nutritional scientists report the result of their double-blind, placebo-controlled investigation on the effects of herbal supplements on cognitive health. A study was published in Nutritional Neuroscience. The scientists studied a multi-ingredient herbal supplement containing Bacopa monnieri (BM), Panax quinquefolius ginseng (PQ), and whole coffee fruit extract (WCFE). Their aim was to determine whether it could enhance cognitive performance and cerebral-cortical activation during tasks of working memory and attention. Motivated by growing evidence that herbal extracts, such as BM and PQ could acutely enhance cognitive performance, the scientists designed a rigorous study. Forty healthy adults between 18 and 60 years, 21 females and 19 males, participated. They completed tasks designed to test working memory and attention, without supplements, and 45 minutes after consuming either an active supplement or a placebo. The active supplement was made up of commercially available extracts of BM (150 mg/ tablet), PQ (50 mg/tablet), and WCFE (50 mg/tablet). The participants in the active supplement group consumed a two-tablet dose to provide a total dose of 300 mg BM, 100 mg PG, and 100 mg of WCFE, with a combined active ingredient intake of 500 mg. During the cognitive testing, changes in hemodynamic response in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) were continuously measured using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The term hemodynamics refers to the dynamics of the blood flow. The results of the study indicate that working memory was significantly improved following active supplement consumption compared to placebo in terms of both accuracy and response time. The improved performance was associated with a reduction of PFC activation related to effortful mental demand. This reflected increased neural efficiency concomitant with improved cognitive performance. Taken together, the results show improved accuracy and response time across cognitively demanding working memory tasks following active treatment. According to the scientists, this was the first study to examine the combined dose effects of Bacopa, Ginseng, and whole coffee fruit extracts on cognitive performance and brain activation of the PFC using fNIRS. The results show that the combination can modulate brain activation and cognitive task performance. This is the first report of acute, significant changes in cognitive function following intake of a combined, multi-ingredient herbal supplement with concomitant observed changes in haemodynamic response in healthy adults. This study demonstrated that a single, combined dose of herbal extracts known to influence cognitive function improved working memory performance. An equivalent improvement in attention was not found, despite an overall increase in efficiency for response time. The scientists conclude that future studies are needed to replicate the current findings. They also recommend additional examination of the potential positive effects of these herbal supplements across different cognitive functions, with a focus on working memory tasks. Thrivous develops Clarity Daily Nootropic and Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance cognitive performance. Each serving of Clarity provides a clinical dose of Bacopa. And each serving of Surge provides a clinical dose of Ginseng and Caffeine. As indicated by this study, a single serving combination of Clarity and Surge may enhance performance on working memory tasks.
Scientists at the Telomere to Telomere (T2T) consortium led by National Institutes of Health (NIH), UC Santa Cruz, and University of Washington, have published the first complete, gapless sequence of a human genome. It has been two decades since the Human Genome Project produced the first draft human genome sequence. “Generating a truly complete human genome sequence represents an incredible scientific achievement, providing the first comprehensive view of our DNA blueprint,” says Eric Green. He is the director of the National Human Genome Research Institute, which is part of NIH. The statement comes from a press release issued by NIH. “This foundational information will strengthen the many ongoing efforts to understand all the functional nuances of the human genome, which in turn will empower genetic studies of human disease.” Six papers encompassing the completed sequence have been published in Science. And related papers have been published in other journals. “Ever since we had the first draft human genome sequence, determining the exact sequence of complex genomic regions has been challenging,” said Evan Eichler, researcher at University of Washington School of Medicine. “I am thrilled that we got the job done. The complete blueprint is going to revolutionize the way we think about human genomic variation, disease and evolution.” CNN notes that the Human Genome Project made history when it sequenced 92 percent of the human genome in 2003. But, after that, scientists have struggled to decipher the remaining eight percent. This is what the T2T scientists have accomplished. The new research adds 400 million letters to the previously sequenced DNA. The full genome will allow scientists to analyze how DNA differs between people and whether these genetic variations play a role in disease. “This complete human genome sequence has already provided new insight into genome biology, and I look forward to the next decade of discoveries about these newly revealed regions,” says Karen Miga, research leader at UC Santa Cruz. Geneticist Colin Johnson called the work “truly ground-breaking,” as reported by BBC News. He compared the previously missing eight percent of the human genome to “the dark matter of the genome that we knew was there but couldn't get to.” And he added that now we have “the full description of the book of life, with all of the paragraphs and pages assembled." Sequencing a person's entire genome should get less expensive and more straightforward in the coming years. “In the future, when someone has their genome sequenced, we will be able to identify all of the variants in their DNA and use that information to better guide their healthcare,” says Adam Phillippy, research leader at NHGRI. "Truly finishing the human genome sequence was like putting on a new pair of glasses. Now that we can clearly see everything, we are one step closer to understanding what it all means."
Scientists, led by University of Washington, have developed a new method for designing and building protein based drugs. Using computers, the scientists designed molecules that can target important proteins in the body. They include the insulin receptor, as well as vulnerable proteins on the surface of viruses. "The ability to generate new proteins that bind tightly and specifically to any molecular target that you want is a paradigm shift in drug development and molecular biology more broadly," said David Baker in a press release issued by University of Washington. Baker was a recipient of the 2021 Breakthrough Prize in Life Sciences for “developing technology that allowed the design of proteins never seen before in nature, including novel proteins that have the potential for therapeutic intervention in human diseases.” Protein-based drugs bind to a specific molecular target, which then becomes either activated or deactivated. Antibodies are protein-based drugs that can treat a wide range of health disorders, including COVID-19 and cancer. However, protein-based drug development is challenging and expensive. A research paper is published in Nature. It describes how the scientists combined recent advances in computational protein design to develop a strategy for creating new proteins that bind molecular targets in a manner similar to antibodies. The scientists developed software that can scan a target molecule. It can identify potential binding sites and generate proteins targeting those sites. It can then screen from millions of candidate binding proteins to identify those most likely to function. "When it comes to creating new drugs, there are easy targets and there are hard targets," said research co-leader Longxing Cao. "In this paper, we show that even very hard targets are amenable to this approach. We were able to make binding proteins to some targets that had no known binding partners or antibodies." The scientists produced over half a million candidate binding proteins for twelve selected molecular targets. They included insulin receptors and proteins on the surface of the influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19). "We look forward to seeing how these molecules might be used in a clinical context, and more importantly how this new method of designing protein drugs might lead to even more promising compounds in the future," said research co-leader Brian Coventry. SingularityHub summarizes the findings. They note that the candidate binding proteins “were highly efficient at blocking their targets.” Some cut off growth signals that can lead to cancer. Others point the way to a universal flu vaccine that could neutralize multiple strains. Previously published results indicate that the method provided protection against COVID-19 in mice. This may lead to new treatments for cancer, diabetes, infection, inflammation, and beyond. SingularityHub notes that the research results “could fundamentally change medicine.” They are based on powerful artificial intelligence methods for protein folding research. And they may allow scientists to design and build protein-like drugs from the ground up.
Researchers at Karolinska Institute have found a way of stabilizing the p53 protein, and making it more potent. P53 protects our cells from cancer. By adding a spider silk protein to p53, the researchers have shown that it is possible to create a protein that is more stable and more capable of killing cancer cells. P53 plays a key role in the body's defense against cancer. If a cell is lacking functional p53, it quickly becomes a cancer cell. And it starts to divide uncontrollably. "The problem is that cells only make small amounts of p53 and then quickly break it down as it is a very large and disordered protein," says researcher Michael Landreh in a press release issued by Karolinska Institute. "We've been inspired by how nature creates stable proteins and have used spider silk protein to stabilize p53. Spider silk consists of long chains of highly stable proteins, and is one of nature's strongest polymers." Discovered in the late 1970s, p53 has been called the guardian of the genome. It can stop cells with DNA damage from turning into cancer cells. Essentially, p53 shuts down a cell if it detects any damage that could cause the cell to grow into cancer. Mutations of the p53 gene are found in roughly half of all tumors. That makes it the most common genetic change in cancer. A paper is published in Structure. The researchers report that they attached a small section of a synthetic spider silk protein onto the human p53 protein. When they then introduced it into cells, they found that the cells started to produce p53 in large quantities. The new protein also proved to be more stable than ordinary p53 and more capable of killing cancer cells. Using electron microscopy, computer simulations, and mass spectrometry, the researchers were able to show that the likely reason for this was the way the spider silk part managed to give structure to p53's disordered sections. "Creating a more stable variant of p53 in cells is a promising approach to cancer therapy, and now we have a tool for this that's worth exploring," says senior researcher Sir David Lane, who was one of the discoverers of p53. "We eventually hope to develop an mRNA-based cancer vaccine, but before we do so we need to know how the protein is handled in the cells and if large amounts of it can be toxic." Writing in The Conversation, Landreh explains that spidroins are a bit like p53. They are proteins that spiders spin into silk. They are also large, floppy, and easily clumped together. But unlike p53, spidroins are capped by a small part that is very stable. And it can easily be made by the cellular protein production machinery. “To test if the spider silk-p53 protein is active, we put it into cancer cells that contain so-called ‘reporter genes’, which cause the cell to light up if p53 turns on genes that make the cell stop growing,” says Landreh. “To our surprise, the fusion protein gave a stronger response than normal p53, which means that we could in principle use the spider silk domain to increase the ability of p53 to shut down cancer cells.” Landreh comments that, while this research result is not a new cancer therapy, it opens up new possibilities for cancer therapy. The researchers now plan to test how well healthy human cells tolerate the spider silk proteins. They also plan to test whether the addition of spidroins extends the lifetime of the p53 protein inside the cells.
Longevity and healthy aging may seem like navigating a minefield. Do you feel like you are living life on the edge? Are you waiting for a miniature mine located in some system in your body to implode? Preventative measures support healthy aging on a molecular level. Supplements are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. However, nature does provide powerful tools to support optimal metabolic functioning for better aging. Metabolic Functioning Metabolism is the constant chemical dance taking place on a molecular level to transform, store, and burn energy and remove generated byproducts. “Energy can neither be created nor destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another.” - Natural Law of the Conservation of Energy We consume (or eat) three forms of energy: Carbohydrates (broken down into glucose), Proteins (broken down into amino acids), and Fats (broken down into glycerol and fatty acids). The body, however, mostly only burns energy as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Metabolism involves catabolic processes, to break down and convert food to storable and usable energy. And it involves anabolic processes, to generate new cells for growth and maintenance. The body readily shifts from catabolic and anabolic processing based on available fuel sources and current energy output. Role of Mitochondria Mitochondria are tiny organs contained inside a cell. It is in the mitochondria where the body breaks down glucose and fats (with the help of oxygen) into ATP. Mitochondria are like the boiler in a steam engine. They are the energy producers of the cell and are found in almost every cell in the human body. Some cells (mainly in the brain, heart, and eyes) live and function as long as the body does. But most human cells, especially those in the blood and digestive systems, die and need to be replaced every 3 to 120 days. Roughly 1% of all cells in the human body have to be replaced daily. For healthy cell turnover, precise DNA replication keeps our bodies on a smooth path for healthy aging, with active mitochondria providing plenty of energy. Role of Blood Glucose Red blood cells are one of the few cells in the body lacking mitochondria. However, they are the truckers delivering glucose and fatty acids to the mitochondria to formulate ATP. Carbohydrates are converted by the body into glucose. Insulin, secreted by the pancreas, facilitates moving glucose across cell walls and into the mitochondria for breakdown. If blood sugar levels drop too low, it interferes with cognitive functioning since carbohydrates are the fuel used by the nervous system. On the other hand, years of frequent heavy carbohydrate loading may result in high blood sugar levels. When this happens, the body either does not produce enough insulin or becomes insensitive to insulin. If insulin cannot move glucose into cells, the body turns to fat for fuel. That may sound tempting to only burn fat to increase weight loss, but it is deadly. The body cannot dispose of large amounts of the waste byproduct (ketones) from converting fat to ATP. When ketones build up in the blood, it can lead to a coma and death. The Intricate Biochemical Dance Your body works hard to give you what you want when you want it. Unfortunately, the metabolic system is surprisingly delicate. Free radicals (unstable highly-reactive unbonded molecules) are a natural byproduct of generating ATP. A free radical’s need to stabilize its ion charge creates destructive reactions that can damage DNA. This plays a role in speeding up the aging process. To improve the life of an engine, you change the oil on time as recommended by the manufacturer. If you do not, the microscopic flecks of metal from the natural wear inside the engine reduce its performance and life. Attention to diet and exercise changes your oil, so to speak, to reduce inflammation and fight free radicals. For example, blueberries are a functional food proven to offset DNA damage caused by free radicals. Dietary supplements containing anti-inflammatories and antioxidants are preventative tools to promote a longer, healthy life. Thrivous Vitality Geoprotector Thrivous Vitality fine-tunes the metabolic system by supporting cell functioning and blood sugar levels with potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant ingredients. Berberine Hydrochloride 500mg - with Milk Thistle Fruit Extract 100mg The chemical compound berberine is found in the roots and stems of various plants, including goldenseal, phellodendron, and bayberry. Studies find a strong and consistent result between berberine use and reduction on both fasting blood glucose and three-month average blood sugar levels as measured by hemoglobin A1C. In addition, berberine studies indicated a notable minor effect on total cholesterol levels. In a 2017 study involving 80 participants, berberine was shown to significantly lower blood glucose, blood lipids, insulin resistance, and inflammatory markers in one month over the control group using Western methods. A meta-analysis found clinical trials use between 500-1500mg of berberine per day split into three doses. Adding Milk Thistle (silymarin) in a 1 to 5 ratio was shown to increase berberine’s efficacy in a year-long controlled study of obese patients with type II diabetes. Silymarin increased berberine’s bioavailability and reduced uric acid activity. Berberine appears safe in this dosage range. However, it may interact with several medications and in high amounts cause gastronomical issues. We recommend seeking advice from your medical practitioner before use. Blueberry Fruit Extract 1400mg (25% Anthocyanin) Blueberries are an excellent source of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant compounds. A study found consuming blueberries pre-workout may significantly increase cytokines levels to improve the body’s inflammation and immune responses to exercise-induced stress. Examine.com reports a consistent, notable protection from DNA damage with blueberry supplementation, either eaten as a whole food or as an extract. The reduction in DNA damage appears to be acute, meaning daily doses provide metabolic cleaning power. In one study, serum antioxidant status was measured after eating a high-fat meal, and measured again one week later after eating the same meal in addition to 100g of freeze-dried blueberry powder. Four hours after consumption, the meal that included blueberries presented up to 15% more serum antioxidants than the original meal. Suggested dosages range from 500-1000mg of isolated anthocyanin from blueberry extract, or 60-120g of fresh blueberries. Coenzyme Q10 100mg Coenzyme Q10 is naturally produced by the body, but production goes down with age. And some people can have a Coenzyme Q10 deficiency. Coenzyme Q10 is stored in the mitochondria, helps generate ATP, and serves as an antioxidant to protect against free radicals produced during ATP production. Several studies indicate Coenzyme Q10 has a notable ability to reduce lipid peroxidation (especially for polyunsaturated fats). One study found low Coenzyme Q10 levels were associated with high lipid peroxidation. As such, Coenzyme Q10 may help reduce oxidative stress. The suggested dosage is between 90-200mg. Thrivous Commitment to Quality Thrivous is committed to providing the highest quality supplements with the scientific backing you need to make informed decisions regarding healthy aging. We triple-check our raw materials and final products with third-party laboratory identity, potency, and safety testing. In addition, we provide public access to every certificate of analysis (CoA) and quality lab report. When you use Thrivous supplements, you know exactly what is in them and how they can benefit your goals to lead a long and productive life. The best way to navigate potential health issues is with healthy living and attention to your metabolic processing markers. Thrivous Vitality supports optimal metabolic functioning for better aging.
Scientists at Salk Institute and Genentech have shown that they can safely and effectively reverse the aging process in middle-aged and elderly mice. They did this by partially resetting their cells to more youthful states. "We are elated that we can use this approach across the life span to slow down aging in normal animals. The technique is both safe and effective in mice," says researcher Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte in a press release issued by Salk Institute. "In addition to tackling age-related diseases, this approach may provide the biomedical community with a new tool to restore tissue and organismal health by improving cell function and resilience in different disease situations, such as neurodegenerative diseases." A research paper is published in Nature Aging. It describes how the scientists tested cellular rejuvenation approaches in healthy animals as they aged. Cells carry molecular clocks that record the passage of time. Reprogramming molecules known as "Yamanaka factors” permit resetting the molecular clocks. The results of previous studies indicate that Yamanaka factors can be successfully used to counter the signs of aging and increase life span in mice with a premature aging disease. In young mice, the Yamanaka factors can accelerate muscle regeneration and improve the function of other tissues like the heart, brain, and optic nerve. In the new study, one group of mice received regular doses of the Yamanaka factors from the time they were 15 months old until 22 months, approximately equivalent to age 50 through 70 in humans. Another group was treated from 12 through 22 months, approximately age 35 to 70 in humans. And a third group was treated for just one month at age 25 months, similar to age 80 in humans. "What we really wanted to establish was that using this approach for a longer time span is safe," says researcher Pradeep Reddy. "Indeed, we did not see any negative effects on the health, behavior or body weight of these animals." The results of the study indicate that after treatment the mice resembled younger animals in many ways. Both kidneys and skin resembled those of younger animals. And metabolic molecules in the blood of treated animals did not show normal age-related changes. Apparent restoration of youth was observed in the animals treated for seven or ten months with the Yamanaka factors, but not in the animals treated for just one month. When the treated animals were analyzed midway through their treatment, the effects were not yet as evident. This suggests that perhaps the treatment is not simply pausing aging, but actively turning it backwards. "At the end of the day, we want to bring resilience and function back to older cells so that they are more resistant to stress, injury and disease," concludes Reddy. "This study shows that, at least in mice, there's a path forward to achieving that." The scientists are planning more research on how specific molecules and genes are changed by long-term treatment with the Yamanaka factors. They are also developing new ways of delivering the factors. Of course the road from mice in the laboratory to humans in the clinic will be long. But this seems like a promising beginning.
Scientists examined the impact of omega-3 supplements on cellular aging-related biomarkers. And they found reasons to recommend omega-3 supplements. It has been suggested that omega-3 supplements may lessen accelerated aging and early mortality. Previous studies indicate that men and women in the top 20 percent of omega-3 fatty acid intake had 15% and 18% lower cardiovascular disease mortality 16 years later, respectively. That's compared to those in the lowest 20 percent. There is also evidence that omega-3 promotes longevity at a cellular level. In fact, higher blood levels of omega-3 are associated with longer telomeres. Telomeres are DNA segments at the end of chromosomes. They help to maintain genomic integrity during cell division. And, thereby, they promote healthy cellular aging. There are indications that short telomeres accelerate age-related disease, especially cardiovascular disease. Another benefit of omega-3 supplements that has been suggested by previous studies is that they may regulate the response to stress. And, therefore, they may reduce the severity of stress and support healthy mood. A research paper is published in Nature Molecular Psychiatry. It summarizes previous results of the trial. They showed that 4 months of omega-3 supplementation lowered basal inflammation and oxidative stress. The study also provided new data related to the stress response of biomarkers relevant to telomere length and cellular aging. Biomarkers included cortisol, inflammatory cytokines, and telomerase. More than 100 sedentary, overweight, middle-aged participants of both genders received either omega-3 or a placebo for four months. Before and after the trial, participants underwent the Trier Social Stress Test. It's a standard acute stress test that reliably provokes strong stress-related physiological responses. The scientists measured salivary cortisol, telomerase in peripheral blood lymphocytes, and inflammation-related cytokines (various types of interleukin). It appears that omega-3 supplements altered telomerase, stress reactivity, overall cortisol, and inflammation levels. By lowering overall inflammation and cortisol levels during stress, and by boosting repair mechanisms during recovery, omega-3 may slow accelerated aging and enhance mood. The new results of the trial indicate that four months of omega-3 supplements led to a profile of stress resilience. This was manifest in lower overall levels of cortisol and inflammation during stress, and higher levels of telomerase and anti-inflammatory activity during recovery. The results have direct relevance to aging biology and psychiatry. The scientists emphasize that, in the US, dietary intake of omega-3 is well below the values recommended by, for example, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. While cautioning that these findings are preliminary and need to be replicated for validation, the scientists suggest that omega-3 supplements may limit the impact of repeated stress on cellular aging and depression risk. Each serving of Thrivous Omega Cardioprotector provides a clinical dose of Omega 3 Lysine Complex. This form of Omega 3 is five times more bioavailable than traditional fish oil, and has a longer shelf life. Thrivous designed Omega Cardioprotector to enhance heart function and circulation for better aging. As indicated above, the Omega 3 in Thrivous Omega may also combat cellular aging and stress.
MIT researchers have devised a way to monitor individual populations of neurons. It can reveal how the neurons interact with each other. The engineers used a new functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) probe, based on an engineered enzyme delivered by a virus. Functional MRI measures brain activity by detecting changes associated with blood flow. "If we want to figure out how brain-wide networks of cells and brain-wide mechanisms function, we need something that can be detected deep in tissue and preferably across the entire brain at once," says senior Alan Jasanoff in a press release issued by MIT. "The way that we chose to do that in this study was to essentially hijack the molecular basis of fMRI itself." A paper is published in Nature Neuroscience. In it, researchers describe a non-invasive imaging method that works across the brain. The method is based on a probe (or “genetic reporter”) delivered by viruses. It codes for a protein that sends out a signal whenever the neuron is active. Researchers called the protein NOSTIC (nitric oxide synthase for targeting image contrast). It's an engineered form of an enzyme, which is called nitric oxide synthase. The NOSTIC protein can detect elevated calcium levels that arise during neural activity. It then generates nitric oxide, leading to an artificial fMRI signal that arises only from cells that contain NOSTIC. The probe is delivered by a virus that is injected into a particular site. It then travels along axons of neurons that connect to that site. That way, the researchers can label every neural population that feeds into a particular location. "When we use this virus to deliver our probe in this way, it causes the probe to be expressed in the cells that provide input to the location where we put the virus," explains Jasanoff. "Then, by performing functional imaging of those cells, we can start to measure what makes input to that region take place, or what types of input arrive at that region." Experiments with laboratory rats allowed the researchers to determine which neural populations send input to the striatum. This is a brain region that is involved in planning movement and responding to reward. Input was monitored during or immediately following a rewarding stimulus. The researchers hope to use the same approach to study other networks in the brain. And they aim to develop a broader perspective on how the brain works as an integrated whole. "One of the things that's exciting about the approach that we're introducing is that you can imagine applying the same tool at many sites in the brain and piecing together a network of interlocking gears, which consist of these input and output relationships," concludes Jasanoff. “With regular fMRI, we see the action of all the gears at once. But with our new technique, we can pick up individual gears that are defined by their relationship to the other gears, and that's critical for building up a picture of the mechanism of the brain."
Researchers led by Linköping University have built an artificial organic neuron (a nerve cell). It can be integrated with a living plant, and an artificial organic synapse. Both the neuron and the synapse are made from printed organic electrochemical transistors. "We've developed ion-based neurons, similar to our own, that can be connected to biological systems," explains researcher Chi-Yuan Yang in a press release issued by Linköping University. “Organic semiconductors have numerous advantages - they're biocompatible, biodegradable, soft and formable. They only require low voltage to operate, which is completely harmless to both plants and vertebrates.” A paper is published in Nature Communications. In it, the researchers describe the artificial neuron. They report that they have integrated the neuron with a Venus flytrap, a carnivorous plant that catches its prey in a trap formed by the plant’s leaves. The electrical pulses from the artificial neuron can cause the plant's leaves to close, although no fly has entered the trap. "We chose the Venus flytrap so we could clearly show how we can steer the biological system with the artificial organic system and get them to communicate in the same language," says lead researcher Simone Fabiano. The researchers have used printable organic electronics - electrochemical circuits - optimized for manufacturing in printing presses on thin plastic foil. Thousands of transistors can be printed on a single plastic substrate. The printed transistors can emulate the neurons and synapses found in biological systems. "For the first time, we're using the transistor's ability to switch based on ion concentration to modulate the spiking frequency," says researcher Padinhare Cholakkal Harikesh. The spiking frequency gives the signal that causes the biological system to react. "We've also shown that the connection between the neuron and the synapse has a learning behavior, called Hebbian learning,” adds Fabiano. “Information is stored in the synapse, which makes the signaling more and more effective." Hebbian learning is “the process by which the strength of the connection between two neurons increases or decreases based on activity,” explains SingularityHub. This is similar to how information is encoded into the brain, with the strengths of connections between biological neurons controlling the function of different brain circuits. The researchers note their organic electrochemical technology could find applications in future brain-machine interfaces, prosthetics, and intelligent soft robotics. The technology could facilitate anything that requires integrating artificial devices with biological systems. And the possibility to fuse multiple sensing elements in artificial neurons could enable the development of event-based wearable electronics and medical implants, able to continuously monitor health in the human body. SingularityHub notes that the demonstration of an artificial neuron that can interface directly with biological systems is a significant breakthrough. “With further work, this could make the merging of man and machine a far more realistic prospect.”
Researchers at German Sports University have studied the effects of alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplements on performance and muscle strength recovery of athletes. Previous studies have shown that alpha lipoic acid has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Those effects have been demonstrated in multiple clinical trials. Alpha lipoic acid is also frequently used as a dietary supplement for competitive athletes. However, quantitative information on the effects of ALA supplementation in healthy individuals or in competitive athletes was limited. According to the researchers, this was one of the first scientific studies of the physiological effects of alpha lipoic acid supplements in athletes after exercise. A research paper is published in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. It describes the results of a double-blind, randomized, controlled trial in which 17 male athletes participated. All participants were experienced in resistance- and endurance- intensive sports. The specific questions that the researchers investigated are: Does a single treatment with ALA after acute exercise increase the ability to recover? Does a short-term chronic application of ALA during a high-intensity training period affect the ability to recover? Does the application of ALA after acute and during chronic training protocol prevent the loss of performance? The subjects were divided into two groups. The participants in one group received a 150 mg dose of ALA. And the participants in the other group received a placebo. Then all participants underwent a standardized single training session and a high intense training week with supplements. They used 150 mg alpha lipoic acid or placebo before and after exercise. The intensive training week included strength training sessions and long runs. Blood samples were taken at scheduled times after exercise. And markers for muscle damage, inflammation and oxidative stress were investigated. In addition, the researchers also measured the maximum performance in a specific exercise (back squat). The results of the study indicate that a moderate inhibition of muscle damage and inflammation was observed in the participants that took ALA. Performance in the back squat after intensive training was significantly reduced in the placebo-group. But performance wasn't reduced in the alpha lipoic acid group. No significant anti-oxidative effects were observed. The researchers conclude that alpha lipoic acid supplementation during intensive training periods results in a reduction of muscle damage, reduction of inflammation, and better recovery. Therefore, ALA supplements could help athletes in long-term endurance training or in sports that induce oxidative stress, such as marathons and weight training. The researchers also observe that more studies are needed for a quantitative understanding of the positive effects of alpha lipoic acid supplements. Thrivous develops Alpha Neuroprotector to enhance brain and nerve function for better aging. Each serving of Alpha provides a clinical dose of alpha lipoic acid, in combination with other science-backed nutrients. As suggested by the results of this study, Thrivous Alpha may contribute to enhancing the effect of exercise on muscles.
As a teen, I had the good fortune to extensively backpack in various national parks and wilderness areas. My friend provided high-quality outdoor equipment. Part of the deal to use her "nice stuff" was treating it with respect. The tent was staked out tight, so it didn’t leak; but not too tight to avoid straining the zippers and seams. I was regularly instructed to open and close the zippers with a steady, smooth motion. I learned that treating the equipment with mindful intent prolonged its serviceable life. Joints and Bones Compare joints and bones to tent zippers. Treating them with care allows us to enjoy active aging. Proper nutrition and exercise keep our bodies moving as they were designed, allowing us to enjoy any adventure that might come our way. On the other hand, the breakdown or degeneration of joint cartilage limits choices based on pain and stiffness. The normal aging process is also associated with bone deterioration which increases the risk of bone fractures (especially for post-menopausal women). Dietary supplements designed to support the joints and bones can help keep us enjoying the activities that make life worth living. Reduce the Impact of Aging The skeletal system, made of hard mineral bones, gives us structure. The joints, where the bones are connected together, allow movement. Joints consist of intact cartilage to cushion the bones as they pass each other. The early signs of natural aging and breakdown of joints start with inflammatory responses. In addition, if the cartilage in the joint becomes damaged or compressed, movement causes joint inflammation and pain. Prolonging an active lifestyle requires detailed attention to reducing inflammation. When investigating supplements to support joint health, the following supplement ingredients often pop up. Glucosamine Chondroitin Turmeric S. Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) Collagen Peptides Boswellia Serrata MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane) Finite Resources Given you have finite resources, which of these supplements should you choose? Which have clinically been shown to be the most effective for protecting joints, reducing joint stiffness and pain, and improving movement? Glucosamine Glucosamine (a component of cartilage derived from shellfish) comes in two supplement forms: glucosamine hydrochloride (GH) glucosamine sulfate (GS) A meta-analysis concluded GH is ineffective at reducing knee pain. GS supplementation did not appear to significantly reduce pain either. However, after twenty-four weeks, GS supplementation may help improve movement and use. Another meta-analysis found daily long-term (3 years) GS supplementation may provide a small or moderate improvement in joint space narrowing. For individuals engaged in activities with high joint impact (i.e. soccer or running), studies indicate 1.5-3.0 mg of daily glucosamine supplementation may reduce biomarkers of type II collagen degradation but not increase type II collagen production. (Collagen is the protein building block of fibrous connective tissue.) Chondroitin Chondroitin, another component of cartilage, often accompanies glucosamine in joint supplements. Unfortunately, many meta-analyses find that several chondroitin studies employed poor or unsound methods and were often funded by companies producing chondroitin. Studies with better quality parameters show mixed results. Turmeric Extract The Indian spice turmeric contains polyphenol curcumin, a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory. Numerous studies ( examine.com ) show highly-consistent and notable results of turmeric supplementation helping to reduce overall inflammation and pain to naturally improve quality of life. In a study of patients with knee pain, 1,500 mg of daily turmeric supplementation was as effective as 1,200 mg of ibuprofen for pain reduction with fewer reports of gastrointestinal issues. A 2017 study of rugby players dealing with osteo-muscular pain found naturally derived curcumin “could represent a promising safe, analgesic remedy in painful osteo-muscular conditions associated with intense, high impact, physical activities.” When taken orally, the human body does not readily absorb curcumin. Taking it with black pepper increases curcumin’s bioavailabilityy rate by 2,000%. S Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) SAMe is produced naturally in the liver from the essential protein methionine. It is a potent antioxidant, and animal studies indicate SAMe may stimulate cartilage production. A study found that 1200 mg of daily SAMe, after two months, appeared as effective in improving knee pain and functionality as a pharmaceutical. Collagen Peptides Since cartilage is made of collagen, collagen supplementation to support joint health seems intuitive. Unfortunately, collagen supplementation has not been well studied. A study of healthy individuals found daily supplementation of 40 mg of undenatured type II collagen may support knee joint extension. It may also support increasing joint comfort for longer exercise sessions and reduce joint pain associated with strenuous exertion. Boswellia Serrata Commonly known as Frankincense, Boswellia Serrata has numerous anti-inflammatory properties. It is a unique inhibitor of the pro-inflammatory enzyme 5-Lipoxygenase. Studies indicate a notable and highly consistent result ( Examine.com ) with Boswellia Serrata supplementation. For normal aging, a reduction in the pain, stiffness, and mobility of joints was shown to be improved with 100-250 mg daily. In one study, participants taking 250 mg of 5-Loxin Boswellia Serrata extract saw significant improvements in mobility and pain scores within seven days of initiating supplementation. MSM (Methylsulfonylmethane) MSM is a natural sulfur-containing compound. One human study indicated a small but variable improvement in pain with over 3 g of daily MSM supplementation. In a 2013 mice study, MSM supplementation was shown to possibly reduce knee joint cartilage degeneration. However, higher amounts of MSM supplementation were associated with the atrophy of several organs. Strengthening Bones and Muscles Proper nutrition, including calcium-rich food sources and weight-bearing exercise, protect and improve bone mass with age. Calcium absorption requires sufficient levels of Vitamin D. Vitamin K helps prevent the loss of calcium from bones and supports the bonding of the protein osteocalcin to minerals that make up bone matter. Vitamin D Eighty to ninety percent of the body’s store of Vitamin D comes from skin exposure to ultraviolet light. Vitamin D deficiency is common, especially for those living north or south of 34 degrees latitude. In addition, the skin’s ability to synthesize Vitamin D declines with age, darker skin tones, consistent sunscreen application, and subcutaneous fat accumulation. Vitamin D deficiency is linked to much more than fragile bones. It is also associated with muscle weakness. In the elderly, Vitamin D supplementation (800-1000 IU or 20-25 mcg) has been shown to promote increased mobility and reduce fall risks by 20-30%. And reducing falls reduces possible bone fractures. A Vitamin D deficiency is also linked to other conditions throughout the body, including those associated with the cardiovascular, respiratory, neurological, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and metabolic systems. The data from a meta-analysis of long-term (3 years plus) supplementation from forty-two randomized controlled trials found Vitamin D supplementation “effective in preventing overall mortality." Vitamin K Several proteins are Vitamin K-dependent for bone development, blood coagulation, and cardiovascular health. It is estimated that up to 31% of normal, healthy adults are Vitamin K deficient. After age 50, bone naturally breaks down faster than it forms, especially for postmenopausal women. One study indicates low dose Vitamin K2 supplementation (over three years) may help prevent bone loss in postmenoposal women with DEKA measured increased bone mineral content, density, and strength. Magnesium Magnesium is necessary for bone formation by helping to convert Vitamin D to its active form for calcium absorption. A study of girls ages 8-14 years old with a magnesium intake of less than 220 mg/day found 300 mg of supplemental magnesium increased hip bone mineral content over placebo. Thrivous Tenacity Arthroprotector Research studies indicate reducing inflammation is the optimal way to protect joints. Vitamin D supports overall mobility and calcium absorption, and Vitamin K is necessary for bone generation. Thrivous Tenacity is designed to support joints and bones by reducing overall inflammation, improving joint comfort and mobility, and promoting new bone formation. A serving of Tenacity contains: Anti-inflammatory/Antioxidant: Turmeric Rhizome Extract 500 mg (95% Curcumin) with 5 mg of Black Pepper Extract (95% Piperine) to improve curcumin bioavailability. Antioxidant: S. Adenosylmethionine (SAMe) 300 mg Anti-inflammatory: Boswellia Serrata Resin Extract 100 mg (AprèsFLEXⓇ 20% AKBA) Vitamin D (D3 Cholecalciferol) 50 mg (2,000 IU) Vitamin K (K1 Phylloquinone) 250 mg Vitamin K2 (MK7 Menaquinone 7) 100 mcg Tenacity ingredients come only from the highest-quality sources. To ensure quality, we third-party test all raw materials. And we retest final products for safety, identity, and potency. With Thrivous Tenacity, you can know your hard-earned dollars are purchasing appropriate, safe dosages of the most clinically-proven joint and bone enhancement supplements. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Long Live the Tent All those gnarly activities in my teens had me itching to share the great outdoors with my children. My husband and I bought good quality equipment. But in our thirty years of marriage (and six children), we have gone through three tents. Inevitably, the wear and tear on the zippers was just too much. Recently, my friend told me she still has the tent we used during our backpacking adventures. It is in great shape, waiting for another adventure. That goes to show what consistent long-term care can achieve. Keep your joints and bones eager for the next adventure with Thrivous Tenacity.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has partnered with Consolidated Health Solutions to provide personalized medicine coaching. Thrivous' mission is to help customers access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. Customers may achieve better results when they: Have a better understanding of personalized medicine. Engage in a more complete review of their current health. Receive coaching to support personalized medicine. Through a series of short discovery appointments, coaches educate customers about personalized medicine, review their current health, and connect them with relevant medical service providers. Depending on individual needs, the discovery process includes the following: Introduction: 60-minute appointment that covers health history, desired outcomes, current supplements and medications, how healthcare systems work, and how functional medicine coaching may help. Lab Order: 30-minute appointment that covers recommendations for lab work (such as blood, genetic, and epigenetic tests) to facilitate personalized medicine, and placement of orders. Insurance may cover most of the cost. Lab Review and Referral: 30-minute appointment that covers lab work results, an explanation of how personalized medicine may help, and referrals to relevant medical service providers. Personalized medicine coaching is available to all new and existing Thrivous customers in the United States. That includes customers who may need personalized assistance with concerns or confusion about their health. And it includes customers who may want personalized assistance with maintaining or enhancing their health. Customers may sign up for personalized medicine coaching on the Thrivous website. After a customer provides initial discovery information via an online form, a coach will contact the customer using the customer's preferred method of communication. About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. Thrivous develops nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to combat aging. Each nutrient and each dose is based on multiple human studies. And its rigorous quality control is completely open source. For more information, contact support@thrivous.com. About Consolidated Health Solutions Consolidated Health Solutions specializes in helping medical clinics and practitioners utilize industry leading technologies and services to streamline operations. Its goal is to help medical practitioners set up an efficient business so they can focus on providing patients with the attention and services they need.
Synthetic biologists at Stanford University, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, and Caltech have developed a new technology for protein circuits between living cells. Gene circuits are synthetic networks of genes that can be integrated into cells to sense specific triggers and deliver a desired response. Gene circuit engineering permits adding new functions to cells, such as the ability to detect and respond to diseases. However, because genes must be translated into proteins to act, synthetic networks made directly of proteins would be more efficient. But natural protein circuits operate entirely within a particular cell. And the majority of biological processes require cells to be in communication with one another. The Stanford-led synthetic biologists have found a way for protein circuits to release proteins from the cell, or to display them on the cell surface. Other cells can then respond to these proteins. Researcher Alexander Vlahos describes the hoped-for end result of this research. In a press release issued by Stanford University, he says, “you can engineer a very small subset of cells that can then have an effect on other cells.” Synthetic protein circuits extend natural protein circuits found in living cells. A protein receives information and then passes the information along to the next protein. Efficient synthetic protein circuits would permit adding new functions to cells without changing with the cells' normal functions. Scientists have developed a new synthetic biology platform known as RELEASE (Retained Endoplasmic Cleavable Secretion). It is described in a research paper published in Nature Communications. It enables synthetic protein circuits to secrete and display proteins. The scientists “developed RELEASE with an end goal in mind: trying to have programmable cells that can talk to other things,” says Vlahos. “That’s fundamentally the big picture.” Vlahos and research leader Xiaojing Gao hope that engineered protein circuits will be able to attack cancers caused by mutant proteins that are difficult to target with traditional drugs. For these cancers, Vlahos and Gao envision a “circuit as medicine” approach. A subset of cells carrying the circuit would sense the mutant protein and respond in two ways. They would kill the mutant cell. And they would also secrete proteins that activate an immune response against the cancer. In the paper, the Stanford-led researchers argue that RELEASE could also have therapeutic applications in neurobiology, developmental biology, immunology, tissue engineering, and transplantation. RELEASE could be used to create sense-and-respond cells to control biological factors in order to facilitate the acceptance of engineered tissue implants. The proposed plug-and-play platform for sensing and secreting proteins would enable programming of such communications with unprecedented precision.
Bioengineers, led by UC San Diego, have shown that a new RNA editing technology can treat laboratory mice affected by Hurler syndrome. It's a rare genetic disease. The new technology can correct the disease-causing mutation in RNA. And it shows promise as a gene therapy for treating genetic diseases more generally. "We can simply deliver just a small piece of RNA inside the cell and repair mutations in vivo,” said bioengineering professor Prashant Mali in a press release issued by UC San Diego. RNA ( RiboNucleic Acid ) is a nucleic acid like DNA. A difference is that RNA is found in nature as a single strand folded onto itself, rather than a paired double strand like DNA. Nucleic acids are large molecules essential for all known forms of life. The findings are described in a research paper published in Nature Biotechnology. They could make it much simpler to repair disease-causing mutations in RNA, without compromising precision or efficiency. The innovative aspect of the new RNA editing technology is that it makes efficient use of RNA editing enzymes that naturally occur in the body's cells. These enzymes are called adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). Until now, external ADARs had to be brought into a cell for targeted RNA editing. That made ADAR-based RNA editing complicated. But the bioengineers led by Mali have found ways to recruit a cell’s own ADARs to make edits at a precisely-targeted RNA region. As a proof of concept the bioengineers experimented with the new RNA editing technology on laboratory mice. Their aim was to correct a single mutation that causes Hurler syndrome. The mutation prevents the body from producing an enzyme that is necessary for breaking down complex sugars. Buildup of these sugars causes severe tissue damage, skeletal abnormalities, cognitive impairment, and other serious health problems. The bioengineers obtained encouraging results. After two weeks, the levels of mutant RNA and complex sugars in the diseased animals were significantly reduced. In conclusion, according to the bioengineers, the findings suggest that the new RNA editing technology could enable efficient programmable RNA editing in vivo. And it could be used for diverse protein modulation and gene therapeutic applications. "I'm hopeful that this work opens the door even more for RNA editing as another gene therapy tool," concluded Mali. At the same time, he cautioned that the research is still at an early stage, "and it remains to be seen how this RNA editing technology will work in primates." A new biotechnology company called Shape Therapeutics was co-founded by Mali. The company is working to bring RNA editing technologies to the clinic.
Scientists at University College London have developed a new cancer therapy. It uses an MRI scanner to guide a magnetic seed through the brain to heat and destroy tumors. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a medical imaging technique. It uses magnetic fields and radio waves to create detailed images of organs and tissues. A research paper is published in Advanced Science. It describes the new MRI guided cancer therapy, dubbed MINIMA (minimally invasive image-guided ablation). The paper also describes the first applications of MINIMA in experiments with laboratory mice, which demonstrate the viability of the new therapy. MINIMA works by first using magnetic propulsion gradients, generated by an MRI scanner, to guide a ferromagnetic thermoseed to a tumor. Then it remotely heats the seed to kill nearby cancer cells. With MINIMA, the MRI scanners that are routinely used in hospitals as diagnostic devices can be also used to deliver cancer therapy. “MINIMA is a new MRI-guided therapy that has the potential to avoid traditional side effects by precisely treating the tumor without harming healthy tissues,” says research leader Mark Lythgoe in a press release issued by University College London. “Because the heating seed is magnetic, the magnetic fields in the MRI scanner can be used to remotely steer the seed through tissue to the tumor. Once at the tumor, the seed can then be heated, destroying the cancer cells, while causing limited damage to surrounding healthy tissues." According to the scientists, the research results establish proof-of-concept for precise and effective treatment of glioblastoma. They also suggest the possibility of treating other cancers, such as prostate, that could benefit from less invasive therapies. Glioblastoma is the most common form of brain cancer. It is hard to reach with surgery. And the average survival time after surgery is only 12-18 months. Prostate cancer affects one in eight men. It can be treated more effectively, but with unwanted and debilitating side effects. The scientists say that MINIMA “has the potential to extend survival and limit damage to adjacent brain tissues” in glioblastoma patients. And it “may allow us to precisely target and destroy prostate tumor tissue, reducing harm to normal cells.” "We are now able to image and navigate a thermoseed in real-time through the brain using an MRI scanner,” explains Lythgoe. “As MRI is already used to detect the boundaries of cancers, the seed can be moved precisely to ensure it does not stray into surrounding healthy tissue. As the seed is guided through the tissue it can be heated to destroy the cancer. This combines therapy and diagnosis into a single device, creating a completely new class of imaging therapy." "In the longer term," concludes Lythgoe, "we will change the shape of the seed to act as a tiny cutting scalpel that could be guided through tissue, which would allow surgeons to perform remotely controlled operations, revolutionizing non-invasive surgery."
Hitting the half-century mark led me to seriously contemplate the type of life I want in retirement. If I really am going to backpack, long-distance bike, wilderness canoe, travel, and be the cool granny that enjoys the water park with her grandkids, I need to prioritize my health now. Too often, we put off healthy choices. We say things like, "tomorrow I will eat salad, but tonight I want a burger and fries." Or we say, "when things slow down, I will exercise every day." Vehicle Longevity My husband loves to see how many total miles he can put on a car. To get 300,000 or more miles, you have to start with a reliable and durable car. Then give it proper timely maintenance, and drive it gently. Our bodies are the ultimate machine, lasting almost 100 years depending on genetics and how we treat them. American Heart Association Recommendations “A healthy diet and lifestyle are the keys to preventing and managing cardiovascular disease. Remember, it is the overall pattern of your choices that counts.” - American Heart Association (AHA) It's just like maintaining a car for longevity, starting from day one. The cumulative effects of daily choices, starting now, determine the health factors you may face with age. Studies indicate that regular consumption of Omega-3 fatty acids (found abundantly in cold-water fish) suppresses the build-up of inflammation. Over time, inflammation plays devastating roles in cardiovascular diseases, cancer, arthritis, Alzheimer’s, and other geriatric concerns. To combat inflammation, AHA recommends consuming three ounces of fatty fish twice a week. Examples include Salmon, herring, mackerel, sardines, and anchovies. Do you like, let alone eat, two servings of cold-water fish a week? You Do You Face it. If you don’t like fish, or don't have the time, you won’t eat fish -- no matter how good it is for you. The best way to age with grace and promote long-term health is to know yourself. I have never liked running. When I decided (at age 39) my only option to lose weight was to run, I crashed and burned. A month of running put me in a worse place physically and mentally than if I had played to my strengths and went back to lifting weights and hiking and biking for pleasure. Starting a new lifestyle regime is not sustainable if you don't like it. Thankfully, when it comes to nutrition, dietary supplements can fill nutrition gaps to provide regular maintenance. Supplements Offer Support “A dietary supplement is a product taken by mouth that contains a ‘dietary ingredient’ intended to supplement the diet.” - US Food and Drug Administration Chemical reactions make everything in our bodies possible, from cognitive processing to digestion to removing dangerous free radicals. Sufficient nutrients keep things operating smoothly. Supplements harness the power of vitamins, minerals, herbs, and botanicals. They distill a recommended nutrient serving into a pill, capsule, powder, gummy, tablet, or liquid. Supplements can be powerful medicine based on the ingredients, dosage, and purity. Finding a Supplement Brand You Can Trust The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates supplements more like food than drugs. They aren't intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. And supplements are marketed without FDA approval. The FDA only removes marketed supplements after establishing that a supplement is unsafe or labeled with false or misleading claims. Your well-being and budget are on the line. How can you know if a supplement is safe and effective? These five queries can help you determine supplements that are honestly produced with the highest quality ingredients to meet desired outcomes. 1. Complete Disclosure of Ingredients with Exact Dosages The most elementary indicator of quality is the nutrition label. A high-quality supplement lists all ingredients and exact dosages by name. Listing a blend of ingredients (contained in so many milligrams) gives a fuzzy indication of dosage amounts. The FDA requires ingredients to be listed in descending order by weight. However, there is no way to know if any single ingredient is contained in an effective dosage amount when given in a blend. 2. The Potency of Ingredients and Standardized Extracts Not all supplements contain pure and standardized components. Does the brand give information on the nutrition label or their website concerning ingredient sources or standardized extracts? Superior supplements use the most reputable and sustainable ingredient sources. 3. Manufacturing and Laboratory Testing The FDA requires supplements to be manufactured under current good manufacturing practices (GMP), including proper safety, identity, and potency testing of raw ingredients and final product. The supplement label must include the name and address of the manufacturer, packer, or distributor. Third-party GMP certification or specialty certifications are indications of a quality supplement. In addition, the better business bureau red flags brands and manufacturers with fraudulent histories. 4. Scientific and Clinical Backup The FDA requires clear scientific evidence linking the supplement’s components to the targeted disease to make a health claim. For example, the FDA announced in 2019 that a supplement containing more than 0.8 grams of combined EPA and DHA (components of fish oil) can claim the product “may reduce the risk of hypertension and coronary heart disease.” Does the supplement offer scientific and clinical references to educate and identify the connection between the ingredients and the benefits they claim? 5. Effective Dosages Effective dosage is closely related to scientific evidence. Along with using placebo control methods, clinical trials use standardized extracts at given dosages. By varying the dose, researchers determine the concentration where maximum benefits are realized. Does the supplement contain researched-back dosage levels to provide the sought-after health benefit? A simple google search helps determine appropriate levels for given substances and benefits. Or you can check the "How to Take" section on the website Examine.com, which provides an independent analysis of nutrition and supplements. Thrivous, the Human Enhancement Company Thrivous harnesses biotechnology to develop geroprotector supplements to support healthy aging and quality life longevity. Before developing a supplement formula, Thrivous carefully considers scientific research to determine the right combinations and dosages of ingredients to support a given system. Thrivous supplements are manufactured under third-party GMP certification through NSF International. Raw ingredients are procured from reputable sources that test each nutrient for identity, potency, and safety (microbes and heavy metals). Once ingredients are received and before manufacturing, Thrivous has a third-party lab retest raw ingredients to ensure safety and efficacy. The final product is then tested to confirm safety and dosages before being marketed. Thrivous’ transparency means consumers have the information they need to make decisions that affect their long-term health. In that vein, Thrivous supplements list all ingredients with their associated doses and the ingredient sources right on the nutritional fact label. Thrivous Omega Cardioprotector If you desire an active retirement, start working toward it now. Supplements can support your dreams and complement your healthy choices. The right supplement ensures your body has every nutrient it needs to keep purring in fine form. Thrivous Omega enhances cardiovascular function by fighting inflammation, reducing triglycerides, maintaining healthy cholesterol levels, and improving circulation. Omega accomplishes this with five science-backed ingredients. Omega-3 Lysine Complex - 556 mg (AvailOm® 30% EPA, 15% DHA) High triglycerides levels are linked to the hardening and thickening of arteries. Thickened arteries increase risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Studies indicate 3-4 g/day of omega-3 fatty acids helps reduce triglyceride levels by suppressing tissue inflammation. For anyone who does not like the taste of fish (or fishy burps from supplements), Omega-3 Lysine Complex is a complete fish oil alternative. Omega-3 Lysine Complex is 5 times more bioavailable than fish oil. That means the body readily absorbs and uses the EPA and DHA in Omega-3 Lysine Complex. Improved bioavailability decreases the amount of EPA and DHA required for the same benefits. Garlic Bulb Extract (1% Allicin) 300 mg Garlic reliably lowers total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and blood pressure levels (all common risk factors for cardiovascular disease). The molecule allicin is responsible for garlic’s overpowering smell and taste and is the mechanism behind its benefits, too. A meta-analysis of garlic supplementation studies indicated 3.6 to 7.8 mg allicin daily helped relax blood vessels to support cardiovascular functioning. Centella Asiatica Extract 60 mg (Gotu Kola 80%Triterpene) Clinical trials show a consistent, notable improvement in microcirculation with centella asiatica supplementation. Taken at dosages of 60-180 mg triterpenoid, Centella Asiatica may help improve symptoms of chronic venous insufficiency, including swelling in the ankles and legs. French Maritime Pine Bark Extract 50 mg (Oligopin® 67% Procyanidin) Pine Bark’s anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties may support the cardiovascular system. A 2019 meta-analysis (of 14 studies) showed pycnogenols (found in pine bark) may help increase HDL “good” cholesterol levels but not affect total cholesterol levels. Olive Leaf Extract (Oleuropein 30%) 40 mg Although olive oil may help reduce cholesterol, it has other benefits to the cardiovascular system, too. Studies show a consistent and notable effect of small doses (40 mg) of olive leaf extract help reduce LDL ‘bad” cholesterol oxidation in artery walls. Cholesterol oxidation causes atherosclerosis or the build-up of plaque in arteries. Heart Longevity with Thrivous Omega My father and grandmother battled congestive heart failure. And I have two siblings and a grandmother who dealt with A-FIB. So I need to watch what I eat, exercise, reduce inflammation, and improve blood circulation. Thrivous Omega's ingredients provide longevity maintenance. As a geroprotector, Omega works to make the cardiovascular system function in top form. Here's to a healthy and active retirement!
Scientists led by Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG) have launched GENIGMA. The game enlists players to support cancer research and actively participate in the fight against cancer. A dedicated website describes GENIGMA as "a game for smartphones to explore genomic alterations in cancer cells." The game recruits "citizen scientists" in the construction of "genomic reference maps that will allow us to understand which parts of the human genome play a key role in the establishment and development of cancer." The GENIGMA app can be downloaded from Apple’s App store for iPhones and iPads. It can also be downloaded from Google Play for Android devices. "Anyone with a smartphone from anywhere in the world can download GENIGMA for free and make a direct contribution to research, lending their logic and dexterity to the service of science," says Elisabetta Broglio in a press release issued by CRG. Broglio is a CRG communications and PR specialist with the interesting job title of “citizen science facilitator.” To play GENIGMA, players have to solve a puzzle involving a string of blocks of different colors and shapes. Each string represents a genetic sequence in the cancer cell line. And how players organize the blocks is a potential solution to the location of genes. Players have to reorganize the blocks so that they attain the highest-score possible. The game has been designed to ensure that high scores indicate probable locations of genes. "Cell lines are responsible for the discovery of vaccines, chemotherapies for cancer or IVF for infertility. This makes them a pillar of modern biology," explains lead researcher Marc A. Marti-Renom. "However, the lack of genome reference maps limits current scientific progress. It's like asking people to navigate modern cities using maps from the past. With the help of other people, we can update these maps, which will allow us to make fast progress in breast cancer research." The game launched with a three-month GENIGMA Challenge focused on the T-47D breast cancer cell line. This cell line is one of the most commonly used resources in cancer research. The scientists estimate that 30,000 players solving an average of 50 games each would generate enough data to reveal the reference map of the 20,000 genes in this breast cancer cell line. "Science can often feel inaccessible for most people, which is why being able to pick up your phone to play GENIGMA is so exciting,” says game designer Oriol Ripoll. “Not only can you combine the universal appeal and popularity of videogames to contribute towards advancing medical research, you will also learn more about science." Physics World notes that solving scientific problems by turning them into games is a popular strategy of citizen science projects. The algorithms upon which GENIGMA is based require significant computational resources and sophisticated Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems. But GENIGMA could crowdsource the job to enthusiastic citizen scientists. The "herd intelligence" of the players could provide creative solutions in ways that AI might not be able to, the scientists hope. "GENIGMA will analyze the solutions provided by the players as a collective and not as individuals, and will take advantage of creative solutions impossible to find with deterministic algorithms," says Broglio.
Researchers at University of Waterloo and University of Granada have studied caffeine's effects on dynamic visual skills. They concluded that caffeine increases alertness and detection accuracy for moving targets. Caffeine also improves reaction times. Dynamic visual acuity is defined as clarity and sharpness of vision in dynamic (moving) conditions. Dynamic visual acuity is especially important in the many daily activities during which we, or objects around us, are moving. "A lot of what happens in our environment is moving - like trying to cross a busy intersection as a pedestrian or finding something on a shelf as you're walking through the aisles of a grocery store," said researcher Kristine Dalton in a press release issued by University of Waterloo. "Testing visual acuity under dynamic conditions can provide more information about our functional performance in these scenarios than traditional static visual acuity measurements alone." A paper is published in Psychopharmacology. In it, the researchers report their findings on the effects of caffeine intake on dynamic visual acuity. 21 low caffeine consumers, most in their early twenties, took part in this study. On two different days, and following a random order, participants ingested either caffeine (4 mg/kg) or placebo. And dynamic visual acuity was measured after one hour. The researchers found that the participants who had ingested the caffeine capsules showed significantly greater accuracy and faster speed when identifying smaller moving stimuli. Eye movement velocity and contrast sensitivity are implicated in dynamic visual acuity performance. They were also sensitive to caffeine intake. And caffeine intake was associated with a faster reaction time for horizontally moving targets. "While we already know that caffeine increases the velocity of rapid-eye movements, we wanted to further investigate how exactly caffeine enhances visual processing and facilitates the detection of moving visual stimuli by testing dynamic visual acuity," said researcher Beatríz Redondo. The study results suggest that caffeine intake has a positive effect on dynamic visual acuity. This may be of special relevance in real-word contexts that require accurately and rapidly detecting moving targets. Notable examples include sports, driving, and piloting. "Our findings show that caffeine consumption can actually be helpful for a person's visual function by enhancing alertness and feelings of wakefulness," concluded Dalton. "This is especially true for those critical, everyday tasks, like driving, riding a bike or playing sports, that require us to attend to detailed information in moving objects when making decisions." The caffeine intake used in the study is equivalent to approximately two cups of espresso coffee. I’m an avid coffee drinker and very much prefer the real thing. But it seems clear that those who prefer not to drink coffee can benefit from caffeine supplementation. Thrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Caffeine. Each dose also includes complementary nutrients, such as L Theanine, to enhance the effects and mitigate the side effects of Caffeine. Surge is available in the online Thrivous store.
Researchers at University of Alabama have announced the publication of a paper related to pig kidney transplants. They say it's the first peer-reviewed research paper outlining the successful transplant of genetically modified, clinical-grade pig kidneys. The kidneys were placed in a brain-dead human individual, replacing the recipient's native kidneys. The paper is published in American Journal of Transplantation. It reports that the study recipient had two genetically modified pig kidneys transplanted in his abdomen after his native kidneys were removed. The kidneys were taken from a pig that had been genetically modified with 10 key gene edits that may make the kidneys suitable for transplant into humans. The transplanted kidneys filtered blood and produced urine. And, importantly, they were not immediately rejected. The kidneys remained viable until the study was ended, 77 hours after transplant. According to the researchers, these positive results demonstrate the long-term viability of xenotransplantation. That's transplantation of organs from non-human animals to human patients. The results also show how such a transplant might work in the real world. And they show how it could address the worldwide organ shortage crisis. "This game-changing moment in the history of medicine represents a paradigm shift and a major milestone in the field of xenotransplantation, which is arguably the best solution to the organ shortage crisis," said lead surgeon Jayme Locke in a press release issued by University of Alabama. "We have bridged critical knowledge gaps and obtained the safety and feasibility data necessary to begin a clinical trial in living humans with end-stage kidney failure disease." More than 800,000 patients in the United States are living with kidney failure. And far too few human organs are available for transplantation. Most patients with kidney failure never make it to the waiting list for transplantation. The wait for a deceased donor kidney can be as long as five years. And, in many states, it is closer to ten years. Almost 5,000 people per year die waiting on a kidney transplant. Alabama has one of the highest rates of chronic kidney disease in the nation. It's 2,348 cases per million residents, New York Times reports. "Our study demonstrates that major barriers to human xenotransplantation have been surmounted,” added Locke. This study was supported by the biotechnology company United Therapeutics (UT). The company was founded by long term xenotransplantation advocate Martine Rothblatt. “It is enormously gratifying to see these xenotransplantation breakthroughs achieved after working on this for over twenty years,” said Rothblatt in a press release issued by UT. “At UT, we are relentlessly pursuing our goal of producing an unlimited supply of transplantable organs from xenotransplantation, regenerative medicine, and 3D bioprinting technology, and we expect to make additional breakthrough announcements in each of these fields in the coming years. Indeed, we have commenced work on a large clinical-quality organ facility.” The researchers are designing a small clinical trial with live patients. And they hope that the trial could begin by the end of the year, said Locke as reported by New York Times.
Researchers led by RIKEN Center for Brain Science have shown that the free-energy principle can explain how neural networks are optimized for efficiency. The free-energy principle is a mathematical optimization principle that many systems, including living systems, are thought to follow. These systems are thought to always minimize a mathematical function called free energy. While at this moment the free-energy principle is not rigorously derivable from known science, it seems to work in many important cases. The free-energy principle is based on Bayesian inference. It's a mathematical technique that facilitates probability estimates. And it can help with planning optimization and decision making, as new information becomes available. Living systems are continuously updated by new incoming sensory data. And they remember their own past decisions. This, the researchers have shown, is also the case with neural networks. Biological optimization makes our bodies and behavior as efficient as possible. In the brain, neural networks are optimized to allow efficient control of behavior and transmission of information. This is done while still maintaining the ability to adapt and reconfigure to changing environments. The researchers compared the free-energy principle with well-established rules that control how the strength of neural connections within a network can be altered by changes in sensory input. In his recent and widely praised book, “ Being You: A New Science of Consciousness ” (2021), neuroscientist Anil Seth describes the free-energy principle. He writes that it's “a piece of mathematical philosophy” according to which “organisms maintain themselves in the low-entropy states that ensure their continued existence by actively minimising this measurable quantity called free energy.” And it's “basically the same thing as sensory prediction error.” There's also a forthcoming book, “ Active Inference: The Free Energy Principle in Mind, Brain, and Behavior ” (2022), co-authored by Karl Friston. He introduced the free-energy principle. And his book is likely to provide an end-to-end explanation. The researchers have demonstrated that standard neural networks “perform planning and adaptive behavioral control by taking their previous 'decisions' into account," says researcher Takuya Isomura in a press release issued by RIKEN. "Importantly, they do so the same way that they would when following the free-energy principle." An open access study is published in Communications Biology. It shows how the free-energy principle is the basis for any neural network that minimizes energy cost. Then, as proof-of-concept, it shows how a free-energy minimizing neural network can solve mazes. This research points the way to a better understanding of general neural networks. It suggests a better understanding of brain networks and their impairments and malfunctions in disorders such as schizophrenia. And it may contribute to the development of thinking machines based on neural networks. “Our findings guarantee that an arbitrary neural network can be cast as an agent that obeys the free-energy principle, providing a universal characterization for the brain,” adds Isomura. “Our theory can dramatically reduce the complexity of designing self-learning neuromorphic hardware to perform various types of tasks, which will be important for a next-generation artificial intelligence.”
Scientists at UC San Francisco have found that, when elderly people stay active, their brains have more of a class of proteins that enhances the connections between neurons to maintain healthy cognition. In other words, the benefits of exercise for older adults include brain health, learning, and memory. "It may be that physical activity exerts a global sustaining effect, supporting and stimulating healthy function of proteins that facilitate synaptic transmission throughout the brain," says research leader William Honer in a press release issued by UC San Francisco. Protection from toxic proteins, that cause synapses and neurons to fall apart, promotes synaptic integrity and reduces the risk of neurodegeneration. A research paper is published in Alzheimer's & Dementia. It analyzes data from the Memory and Aging Project at Rush University. That project tracked the late-life physical activity of elderly participants, who also agreed to donate their brains when they died. The UC San Francisco scientists found that active elderly people had higher levels of proteins that facilitate the exchange of information between neurons. Surprisingly, these effects ranged beyond the hippocampus, the brain's seat of memory. They encompassed other brain regions associated with cognitive function. Earlier findings indicated that people who had more of these proteins in their brains when they died were better able to maintain their cognition late in life. "Our work is the first that uses human data to show that synaptic protein regulation is related to physical activity and may drive the beneficial cognitive outcomes we see," says researcher Kaitlin Casaletto. In the paper, the researchers suggest “that [physical activity] may help build synaptic health, even at late ages … but that this is a potentially plastic process that may need to be sustained over time.” According to the researchers, this approach to cognitive functioning and resilience is “of high relevance in our aging population.” "Maintaining the integrity of these connections between neurons may be vital to fending off dementia, since the synapse is really the site where cognition happens," adds Casaletto. "Physical activity - a readily available tool - may help boost this synaptic functioning." I may have mentioned one or two times that I don’t enjoy physical activity too much. I very much prefer brainy activity. But I am not getting any younger. And I guess my brain is not as sharp as it used to be. I can see that physical activity helps my brain stay sharp enough. So yes, I force myself to do regular exercise. And so should you. "In older adults with higher levels of the proteins associated with synaptic integrity, this cascade of neurotoxicity that leads to Alzheimer's disease appears to be attenuated," concludes Casaletto. "Taken together, these two studies show the potential importance of maintaining synaptic health to support the brain against Alzheimer's disease."
Scientists at McGill University have developed a biomaterial tough enough to repair the heart, muscles, and vocal cords. This development combines advances in chemistry, physics, biology, and engineering. According to the scientists, it represents a major advance in regenerative medicine. "Our work highlights the synergy of materials science, mechanical engineering and bioengineering in creating novel biomaterials with unprecedented performance,” says research co-leader Jianyu Li in a press release issued by McGill University. “We are looking forward to translating them into the clinic." A paper is published in Advanced Science. It describes the new biomaterial, which is an injectable hydrogel for wound repair. The hydrogel is a type of biomaterial that provides room for cells to live and grow. Once injected into the body, the biomaterial forms a stable, porous structure allowing live cells to grow or pass through to repair the injured organs. "People recovering from heart damage often face a long and tricky journey. Healing is challenging because of the constant movement tissues must withstand as the heart beats. The same is true for vocal cords. Until now there was no injectable material strong enough for the job," says researcher Guangyu Bao. “The results are promising, and we hope that one day the new hydrogel will be used as an implant to restore the voice of people with damaged vocal cords, for example laryngeal cancer survivors." Physics World explains that “injectable hydrogels are desirable in many areas of regenerative medicine, from drug delivery to lab-on-a-chip disease models.” But many hydrogels break down under stress due to their porous structure. Porosity allows oxygen and nutrients to perfuse through implantable biomaterials. But it often comes at the expense of mechanical strength. Biological tissues such as the heart and the vocal cords are constantly vibrating. And designing synthetic tissue that can survive vibrations remains a challenge in regenerative medicine. The McGill researchers developed a porous “double-network” hydrogel that is able to withstand millions of cycles of mechanical loading better than the “single-network” hydrogels that have been used so far. “Most synthetic materials developed so far for vocal cord repair are based on single-network hydrogels,” Bao told Physics World. “Currently, patients may need periodic injections because those hydrogels do not last long. Our hydrogel offers a 5- to 40-fold increase in toughness, which could potentially improve the retention of the hydrogel after injection.” According to the scientists, this innovation could enable applications like drug delivery, tissue engineering, and the creation of model tissues for drug screening. The scientists are looking to use the hydrogel technology to create lungs to test COVID-19 drugs.
Researchers at Indiana University have developed a silicon device that can change skin tissue into blood vessels and nerve cells. The device has advanced from prototype to standardized fabrication, meaning it can now be made in a consistent, reproducible way. A research paper is published in Nature Protocols. It describes a non-invasive nanochip device, based on tissue nanotransfection technology. This technology can reprogram tissue function by applying a harmless electric spark to deliver specific genes in a fraction of a second. Tissue nanotransfection technology has been developed with the ultimate goal of enabling skin and other tissue to be converted to tissue types necessary for therapy. The technology uses nanotechnology-based chip hardware to deliver biological cargo (genes or drugs) to adult cells in the live body, and convert the cells from one type to another. It is non-invasive, does not require any laboratory-based procedures, avoids the use of stem cells, eliminates the need to use viral vectors, is simple to use, and may be implemented at the point of care. In laboratory studies described in the Nature Protocols paper, the new device successfully converted skin tissue into blood vessels to repair a badly injured leg. The technology is currently being used to reprogram tissue for different kinds of therapies, such as repairing brain damage caused by stroke or preventing and reversing nerve damage caused by diabetes. "This report on how to exactly produce these tissue nanotransfection chips will enable other researchers to participate in this new development in regenerative medicine," said lead researcher Chandan Sen in a press release issued by Indiana University. "This small silicon chip enables nanotechnology that can change the function of living body parts," explained Sen. "For example, if someone's blood vessels were damaged because of a traffic accident and they need blood supply, we can't rely on the pre-existing blood vessel anymore because that is crushed, but we can convert the skin tissue into blood vessels and rescue the limb at risk." The Nature Protocols paper includes engineering details about how the chip is manufactured. "This is about the engineering and manufacturing of the chip," said Sen. "The chip's nanofabrication process typically takes five to six days and, with the help of this report, can be achieved by anyone skilled in the art." The manufacturing information could lead to further development of the chip, which could someday be used clinically in many settings around the world. The researchers plan to seek FDA approval for the chip. Once it receives approval, the device could be used for clinical research in people, including patients in hospitals, health centers and emergency rooms, as well as in other emergency situations by first responders or the military.
Small chemical changes to DNA, known as epigenetic changes, alter how genes are expressed in certain tissues and cells. Some of these changes happen as a person ages. And others may be in response to a person’s environment or life experiences. These epigenetic changes can be used to accurately predict a person’s age from a DNA sample. Or, if a person’s epigenetic age differs from their actual age, it can indicate differences in health, including age-related diseases and early mortality. Therefore, it is possible to develop “aging clocks” based on epigenetic changes. Epigenetic clocks include the Horvath, Hannum, Levine, and Zhang aging clocks, described in previous posts. They measure aging processes at the molecular level. A 2019 study published in PNAS describes a molecular clock that could reshape how pediatricians measure and monitor childhood growth. And it could allow for an earlier diagnosis of life-altering development disorders. The study describes a method specifically designed for children, called the Pediatric-Buccal-Epigenetic (PedBE) clock. It measures chemical changes to determine the biological age of a child’s DNA. "This powerful and easy-to-use tool could be used by clinicians to identify why some children aren't meeting early milestones and potentially diagnose children with developmental disorders earlier in life," said Lisa McEwen, first author on the study, in a press release issued by University of British Columbia. "This would enable doctors and pediatricians to intervene sooner in a child's life leading to better outcomes for kids." The PedBE clock was developed using DNA methylation profiles from 1,032 healthy children, whose ages ranged from a few weeks old to 20 years. DNA methylation is an epigenetic change by which chemical tags are added to the DNA molecule. It can change the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence. The researchers found 94 different sites in the genome that, when tested together, could accurately predict a child’s age to within about four months. The researchers also found that children who spent longer in the womb showed an accelerated rate of DNA change by three months, demonstrating that this tool could be used to indicate an infant’s developmental stage. The analysis can be done cheaply and efficiently on cells collected from a cheek swab. "We have a good idea how these DNA changes occur in adults, but until now we didn’t have a tool that was specific for children," said Michael Kobor, senior author of the study. "These DNA changes occur at very different rates in kids and so we adapted this technique for younger ages." In a small pilot study, the researchers also found that children with autism showed a higher PedBE “age” than those considered to be developing typically. This suggests that the clock could be used to screen for autism. “The fact that our pediatric clock was able to distinguish between typically developing children and those with autism in this small experiment demonstrates the powerful potential of this tool,” added Kobor. “Although more research is needed to confirm this, these results show that the PedBE clock could be an important factor in evaluating how children develop.”
Researchers at Arizona State University have reviewed a class of viruses that act to combat rather than cause cancer. They are known as oncolytic viruses. And they have a remarkable ability to target and destroy cancer cells, while leaving healthy cells untouched. "The field of oncolytic virotherapy today is advancing rapidly as clinical trial data accumulates and regulatory approvals continue to accrue," says Grant McFadden in a press release issued by Arizona State University. McFadden is the director of the Biodesign Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines and Virotherapy. A paper is published in Cancers. It reviews oncolytic viruses, which are viruses that selectively target and kill cancer cells while sparing normal ones. And it explores how oncolytic viruses are emerging as key cancer treatment agents. Genetically engineered oncolytic viruses have been developed to work around the therapeutic limitations of naturally occurring ones. The first clues that oncolytic viruses may exist in nature came over a century ago. Physicians noticed that some cancers appeared to regress in patients that also had infections. Many oncolytic viruses can directly attack and kill cancer cells. But their primary strength may be their ability to alert an inactive or disabled immune system to the presence of cancer. Oncolytic viruses can be genetically re-engineered to sharpen their lethality to cancer cells, as well as their ability to stimulate the immune system. The Arizona State University researchers worked with a promising rabbit virus with oncolytic properties. It is called myxoma virus. And it attacks and kills human cancer cells, while being completely harmless to non-cancerous cells. Myxoma virus is an attractive candidate for oncolytic virotherapy because its large genome is amenable to improvements using genetic modification. Scientists may be able to enhance its ability to kill cancer and, at the same time, enhance its ability to trigger a stronger anti-cancer response from the immune system. The researchers suggest that oncolytic virotherapy could be especially successful in combination with a form of cancer immunotherapy based on checkpoint inhibitors. "When patients respond to checkpoint inhibitors, it's often like magic," McFadden says. "They can undergo massive tumor regression and long term, disease-free survival." Cancers exploit proteins called checkpoint proteins to protect themselves from the immune system. And drugs based on checkpoint inhibitors can switch the immune system back on. However, this only works for a minority of cancer patients. "New approaches like immune checkpoint inhibitors are very effective in reducing the tumor burden and improving survival, but it works only in a small number of patients - only 10-20%," cautions researcher Masmudur Rahman. The researchers suggest that the majority of patients never develop an immune response to cancers, leaving nothing for the checkpoint inhibitor to restart. Here is where oncolytic virotherapy can boost cancer immunotherapy based on checkpoint inhibitors. "We believe that if you get an infection going in the tumor bed, you can generate a new kind of immune response to both the tumor and the virus at the same time," McFadden concludes. "That new immune response, we hope, will result in more patients being susceptible to immunotherapies like checkpoint inhibitors." Only four oncolytic viruses have been approved globally for clinical use. But others, including myxoma, are in pre-clinical trials. McFadden recently formed the company Oncomyx Therapeutics to further explore oncolytic virotherapy based on the myxoma virus.
Humans evolved to live many decades after they stopped reproducing. Evolutionary biologists and biomedical researchers at Harvard have presented evolutionary and biomedical evidence showing that we also evolved to be physically active in our later years. "It's a widespread idea in Western societies that as we get older, it's normal to slow down, do less, and retire," says evolutionary biologist Daniel E. Lieberman in The Harvard Gazette. "Our message is the reverse: As we get older, it becomes even more important to stay physically active." A paper is published in PNAS. The researchers argue that physical activity later in life shifts energy away from processes that can compromise health and toward mechanisms in the body that extend it. Physical activity reallocates energy to repair and maintenance processes in the body. This guards against the body's gradual deterioration over the years, against chronic illnesses such as cardiovascular disease and diabetes, and even against some cancers. According to the researchers, the paper is the first detailed evolutionary explanation for why lack of physical activity as humans age increases disease risk and reduces longevity. Why should Darwinian evolution care about what happens to individuals decades after the end of their reproductive age? The researchers argue that Darwinian selection promoted efficient energy allocation mechanisms that slow senescence and reduce vulnerability to many forms of chronic diseases. Physical activity levels have been decreasing worldwide as machines and technology replace human labor. Americans are engaging in less physical activity than they did 200 years ago, and six to ten times less than contemporary hunter-gatherers. This physical inactivity is bad for health. We should be “active grandparents” instead. "The key take-home point is that because we evolved to be active throughout our lives, our bodies need physical activity to age well,” continues Lieberman. “In the past, daily physical activity was necessary in order to survive, but today we have to choose to exercise, that is do voluntary physical activity for the sake of health and fitness." I have always been a typical couch potato who very much prefers reading a good book to any form of physical exercise. But I force myself to exercise regularly to stay in good health. "The key is to do something, and to try to make it enjoyable so you'll keep doing it," concludes Lieberman. "The good news is that you don't need to be as active as a hunter-gatherer. Even small amounts of physical activity - just 10 or 20 minutes a day - substantially lower your risk of mortality." That’s what I do, more or less. I average about 20 minutes of physical activity a day, mostly swimming and hiking. I find this good not only for physical health, but also for mental health.
Researchers investigated whether a perfect DNA methylation-based measure of biological age is theoretically available. And they reported the results of their study in a 2019 paper published in Genome Medicine. Biological age is not always the same as chronological age. In fact, persons with the same chronological age can vary in health, especially in later life. “DNA methylation changes with age,” reads the abstract of the paper. “Chronological age predictors built from DNA methylation are termed ‘epigenetic clocks.’” The lead author of the paper is Qian Zhang, now at Wellcome Sanger Institute. DNA methylation is a biological process by which chemical tags are added to the DNA molecule. It can change the activity of a DNA segment without changing the sequence. The methylation marks fundamentally change the way individual cells use the genome. Epigenetics is the study of chemical and structural modifications made to the genome. The changes do not alter the DNA sequence. But they are still passed along as cells divide. And they can influence how genes are expressed. Epigenetic clocks include the Horvath, Hannum, and Levine aging clocks, described in previous posts. They measure aging processes at the molecular level. The first epigenetic clocks were developed 10 years ago. A recent review article was published by the Simons Foundation. It explains, “scientists have developed dozens of new versions, constructed from different methylation sites and fine-tuned to different purposes.” For this Genome Medicine study, the researchers used thousands of blood samples and hundreds of saliva samples from test subjects of all ages (ranging from 2 to 104). Then the researchers built different age predictors based on DNA methylation analysis. And they trained the predictors with the sample data, using sophisticated statistical techniques. Finally, the researchers ran the predictors over new samples, and compared the results of the predictors. According to the researchers, the results of the study indicate that “a perfect age predictor can in principle be developed based on DNA methylation data.” The researchers found that larger sample sizes lead to a more accurate prediction of age. This seems to indicate that near-perfect epigenetic clocks can be built based on very large data sets. The difference between the chronological age and the biological age measured by the Zhang clock seems to be associated with an increased risk of age-related diseases and death. That is also the case for the Horvath, Hannum, and Levine aging clocks. However, the existing approaches have limitations. And the researchers caution against a strict interpretation of estimates from epigenetic clocks as an indicator of mortality or lifespan.
Researchers at University of Minnesota and Massachusetts General Hospital have shown that it is possible to improve specific human brain functions related to self-control and mental flexibility. They did this by merging Artificial Intelligence (AI) with targeted electrical brain stimulation. "This system can read brain activity, 'decode' from that when a patient is having difficulty, and apply a small burst of electrical stimulation to the brain to boost them past that difficulty," said researcher Alik Widge in a press release issued by University of Minnesota. "The analogy I often use is an electric bike. When someone's pedaling but having difficulty, the bike senses it and augments it. We've made the equivalent of that for human mental function." The researchers conducted a study. It is described in a paper published in Nature Biomedical Engineering. The study included 12 brain surgery (for epilepsy) patients, implanted with hundreds of tiny electrodes throughout the brain. The researchers found that electrical stimulation of a specific brain region improved cognitive control. This was expressed in the ability to to shift from one thought pattern or behavior to another. "An example might include a person with depression who just can't get out of a 'stuck' negative thought,” noted Widge. “Because it is so central to mental illness, finding a way to improve it could be a powerful new way to treat those illnesses." Then the researchers used AI algorithms to track the cognitive control abilities of the patients in realtime and provide boosts of stimulation whenever needed. Some patients suffering from anxiety reported that their anxiety was reduced by the cognitive-enhancing stimulation. They were more able to shift their thoughts away from their distress. This suggests that this method could be used to treat patients with anxiety or depression. "This could be a totally new approach in treating mental illness. Instead of trying to suppress symptoms, we could give patients a tool that lets them take control of their own minds," Widge concluded. "We could put them back in the driver's seat and let them feel a new sense of agency." "The wonderful thing about these findings is that we are now in a position to conduct clinical trials to further demonstrate effectiveness and then hopefully move to helping treatment-resistant patients who are in desperate need for additional interventions to treat their illnesses," added researcher Darin Dougherty. The researchers are now preparing for clinical trials. Because deep brain stimulation is already approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for improving cognitive control, existing tools and devices could be used in clinical trials. And the translation to medical practice could be rapid.
Northwestern University researchers have developed a new injectable therapy that harnesses "dancing molecules" to reverse paralysis and repair tissue after severe spinal cord injuries. The new injectable therapy is based on nanofibers. It is described in a paper published in Science. The therapy has been tested on paralyzed laboratory mice with severe spinal cord injuries. The researchers administered a single injection to tissues surrounding the spinal cords of the paralyzed mice. Just four weeks later, the animals regained the ability to walk. "Our research aims to find a therapy that can prevent individuals from becoming paralyzed after major trauma or disease," said research leader Samuel Stupp, who led the study. "Currently, there are no therapeutics that trigger spinal cord regeneration. I wanted to make a difference on the outcomes of spinal cord injury and to tackle this problem, given the tremendous impact it could have on the lives of patients.” The new therapy dramatically improved severely injured spinal cords in five ways: Regenerated the severed extensions of neurons, called axons Diminished scar tissue, which can create a physical barrier to regeneration and repair Reformed myelin, the insulating layer of axons around cells that is important in transmitting electrical signals efficiently Formed functional blood vessels to deliver nutrients to cells at the injury site Increased survival of motor neurons How does the new therapy work? A synthetic material is injected as a liquid. It gels into structures of nanofibers that mimic the shape of the spinal cord. And the researchers have been able to control the collective motion of more than 100,000 molecules within the nanofibers. Once connected to cells, the moving molecules trigger signals that promote spinal cord repair. The synthetic signals are short chains of amino acids that survive for weeks. The molecules move, "dance," or even leap temporarily out of these structures. And this enables them to connect more effectively with the cells. "Given that cells themselves and their receptors are in constant motion, you can imagine that molecules moving more rapidly would encounter these receptors more often," explained Stupp. "If the molecules are sluggish and not as 'social,' they may never come into contact with the cells." "We are going straight to the FDA to start the process of getting this new therapy approved for use in human patients, who currently have very few treatment options," announced Stupp. The new therapy could be used to prevent paralysis after major trauma or from diseases. The researchers are persuaded that the underlying technique of controlling and leveraging molecular motion can be applied to other medical cases such as neurodegenerative diseases and stroke. The “fundamental discovery about controlling the motion of molecular assemblies to enhance cell signaling could be applied universally across biomedical targets," concluded Stupp.
“ An epigenetic biomarker of aging for lifespan and healthspan ” is a 2018 paper published in Aging. Its authors are Morgan Levine and collaborators, including Steve Horvath, the developer of the Horvath aging clock. The paper proposes a new biomarker of aging that enables prediction of several aging-related outcomes. Predicted outcomes include all-cause mortality, cancers, healthspan, physical functioning, and Alzheimer's disease. This biomarker is known as the PhenoAge Clock, or the Levine Clock. Essentially, everyone has two ages. CNN explains that we have a chronological age, which is how old the calendar says you are. And we have a phenotypic or biological age, which is basically the age at which your body functions, compared to average fitness or health levels. "People of the same chronological age aren't all at the same risk for developing cardiovascular disease or cancer or even dying," said Levine as reported by CNN. "What [the biological age] does is actually give us a better idea of where someone stands for their age." "In my lab, we work on a lot of different types of aging measures," Levine continued. "One of the most recent ones is based on blood measures you get at your normal doctor's appointment. We basically take those and combine them using different algorithms to get what we call someone's phenotypic age or biological age." Levine and her team identified nine biomarkers taken in a simple blood test that seemed to be the most influential on lifespan, explains CNN. The biomarkers include blood sugar, kidney and liver measures, and immune and inflammatory measures. While PhenoAge was developed using data from whole blood, it correlates strongly with age in every tissue and cell tested. It is able to capture risks for an array of diverse outcomes across multiple tissues and cells, and provide insight into important aspects of aging. Levine and her team found that increased PhenoAge “is associated with increased activation of pro-inflammatory and interferon pathways, and decreased activation of transcriptional/translational machinery, DNA damage response, and mitochondrial signatures.” A recent review article was published by the Simons Foundation. It notes that the Levine Clock, and other “second-generation” clocks, appear to better represent biological age than the first-generation clocks. These second-generation clocks may enable more informative studies that aim to understand aging in order to slow or prevent its effects. And this -- to slow down or prevent the effects of aging -- is the goal. "I think the most exciting thing about this research is that these things aren't set in stone," said Levine as reported by CNN. "We actually know a lot about how to change some of these markers.” By delaying the onset of diseases and physical and mental problems related to aging, "people can still be engaged in society," Levine concluded. "I think that is the ideal we should be striving for."
Pfizer announced that its COVID-19 oral antiviral candidate, Paxlovid, significantly reduced hospitalization and death. This was based on an interim analysis of the results of a clinical study of non-hospitalized adult patients with COVID-19, who were at high risk of progressing to severe illness. Paxlovid is specifically designed to be administered orally as a pill. So it can be prescribed at the first sign of infection or at first awareness of an exposure. This potentially helps patients avoid severe illness which can lead to hospitalization and death. Pfizer hopes to eventually offer the pill to people to take at home before they get sick enough to go to the hospital, CNN reports. It would be given in combination with an older antiviral drug called ritonavir. The company hopes to receive Emergency Use Authorization from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration as soon as possible. “Today’s news is a real game-changer in the global efforts to halt the devastation of this pandemic,” said Albert Bourla, CEO of Pfizer. “These data suggest that our oral antiviral candidate, if approved or authorized by regulatory authorities, has the potential to save patients’ lives, reduce the severity of COVID-19 infections, and eliminate up to nine out of ten hospitalizations.” The study evaluated data from 1219 adults. The participants had a laboratory-confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19 within a five-day period with mild to moderate symptoms. And they were required to have at least one characteristic or underlying medical condition associated with an increased risk of developing severe illness from COVID-19. The participants received Paxlovid or a placebo orally every 12 hours for five days. The results show an 89% reduction in risk of COVID-19-related hospitalization or death. 0.8% of the participants who received Paxlovid were hospitalized (with no deaths). This compares to 7% of the participants who received placebo and were hospitalized or died (with 7 deaths). “I think it's a great day for humanity,” said Bourla in conversation with CNN. Earlier this month, the UK medicines regulator approved Molnupiravir. It's a COVID antiviral developed by Merck and Ridgeback Therapeutics. This was reported in an article by biomedical technology professor Alexander Edwards, published in The Conversation. Among adults with mild to moderate COVID, who were at risk of developing serious disease, molnupiravir cut the chances of being hospitalised or dying in half. Edwards explains the difference: “Molnupiravir disrupts the replication of the virus. It mimics a building block of the virus’s genetic material, and so when the virus reproduces, gets incorporated into its RNA. This creates errors in its genetic code, and when enough of these build up, an “error catastrophe” stops the virus reproducing altogether… Paxlovid also stops viral replication, but in a different way. It works by binding to an enzyme - called a protease - to stop it from functioning. The coronavirus needs this enzyme to be functional in order to reproduce.” Edwards adds that Molnupiravir should be taken as soon as possible following testing positive (and within five days of symptoms starting). And Paxlovid appears to be beneficial when administered within three to five days of symptom onset.
Researchers at Hiroshima University have suggested a link between chemistry and life. And they've built a prebiotic chemical precursor of biology. "Chemical evolution was first proposed in the 1920s as the idea that life first originated with the formation of macromolecules from simple small molecules, and those macromolecules formed molecular assemblies that could proliferate," says researcher Muneyuki Matsuo in a press release issued by Hiroshima University. "However, the origin of molecular assemblies that proliferate from small molecules has remained a mystery for about a hundred years since the advent of the chemical evolution scenario. It has been the missing link between chemistry and biology in the origin of life." A paper is published in Nature Communications. It reports that the researchers designed and synthesized a small molecule derived from amino acids, as a precursor to the self-assembly of primitive cells. When added to room temperature water at atmospheric pressure, the amino acid derivatives condensed into droplets. And the droplets grew in size and in number when fed with more amino acids. "A droplet-based protocell could have served as a link between 'chemistry' and 'biology' during the origins of life," adds Matsuo. "This study may serve to explain the emergence of the first living organisms on primordial Earth… [Our] results suggest that droplets became evolvable molecular aggregates - one of which became our common ancestor." The researchers claim to have advanced toward solving “the long-standing mystery of how prebiotic ancestors were able to proliferate and survive by selectively concentrating prebiotic chemicals.” They plan to continue investigating the process of evolution from amino acid derivatives to primitive living cells. And they plan to improve their platform to verify and study the origins of life and continued evolution. The researchers also found that the droplets could concentrate nucleic acids (genetic material). And they were more likely to survive against external stimuli if they exhibited this function. To me, this is very interesting, because it seems to imply that lifeless chemistry exhibits a drive toward life. In fact, the authors say that they were inspired by the work of Nobel Prize winning biochemist Christian de Duve. And they cite de Duve’s book, “ Blueprint for a Cell: The Nature and Origin of Life.” Life, according to de Duve’s book, is an intrinsic part of the universe. “Wherever and whenever conditions are favorable, as they were here on Earth, and probably were, are, or will be elsewhere, the universe cannot but blossom into life.”
Epigenetic clocks, like the Horvath aging clock described in a previous post, capture aging processes at the molecular level. "It's well known that people age at different rates," said ophthalmologist and geneticist Kang Zhang in a 2012 press release issued by UC San Diego. "Some people in their 70s look like they're in their 50s, while others in their 50s look like they're in their 70s." The press release describes and comments upon the results of a study published in Molecular Cell. In the study, researchers led by Zhang and bioengineer Trey Ideker described biomarkers of aging and developed a model to quantify how aging occurs at the level of genes and molecules. This not only provides a more precise way to determine how old someone is, but could also permit doctors to anticipate or treat ailments and diseases that come with the passage of time. When we become older, a recent article published by the Simons Foundation explains, the activity of our genes becomes less tightly regulated than in our youth. This is due to a vast reshuffling of gene-regulating markers on our DNA. “This change involves small chemical tags known as DNA methylation marks, which are distributed by the millions throughout our genome and often silence gene expression. They are one form of the heritable changes, known as epigenetic modifications, that determine how cells use their genes.” The scientists led by Zhang and Ideker found that an individual's "methylome" (the entire set of human methylation markers and changes across a whole genome) predictably varies over time. And this provides a way to determine a person's actual biological age from just a blood sample. "It's the majority of the methylome that accurately predicts age, not just a few key genes," said Ideker. "The methylation state decays over time along the entire genome. You look in the body, into the cells, of young people and methylation occurs very distinctly in some spots and not in others. It's very structured. Over time, though, methylation sites get fuzzier; the boundaries blur." At the molecular level of the methylome, individual bodies age at varying rates. And even within the same body, different organs age differently. Moreover, cancer cells age differently than their surrounding normal cells. The findings have broad practical implications and “potentially huge medical import.” The researchers built a quantitative model of aging using data from hundreds of people all over the age spectrum. And they selected a set of 71 methylation markers that are highly predictive of age. This aging clock is often referred to as the Hannum epigenetic clock. Gregory Hannum, the first author of the study, is the researcher who found that the strong correlation with age overshadowed other associations in the data. “[Hannum] says, ‘Guys, I just can’t find any cancer signal. You know why? Because that damn age is such a pesky covariant. So many of the methylation marks just track age, and I can’t get rid of that signal,’” Ideker reported. “There was a pause, and we said, ‘You know, that’s interesting.’” The Horvath clock, based on a similar strategy, was developed soon after. Many studies have used the Hannum and Horvath clocks to establish links between accelerated epigenetic aging and conditions from heart disease and cancer to depression, Alzheimer’s disease, chronic pain, and cognitive functioning decline.
Researchers at University Miguel Hernández, Netherlands Institute of Neuroscience, and University of Utah (USA), have enabled a blind woman to see with a form of artificial vision based on a brain implant. This represents a leap forward for scientists hoping to create a visual brain prosthesis to increase independence of the blind. A long-held dream of scientists is to transfer information directly to the visual cortex of blind individuals, thereby restoring a rudimentary form of sight. However, no clinically available cortical visual prosthesis yet exists. "This work is likely to become a milestone for the development of new technologies that could transform the treatment of blindness," said researcher P. Roelfsema. A study is published in Journal of Clinical Investigation. It describes how an array of penetrating electrodes produced a simple form of vision for a 58-year-old blind volunteer. "These results are very exciting because they demonstrate both safety and efficacy and could help to achieve a long-held dream of many scientists, which is the transfer information from the outside world directly to the visual cortex of blind individuals, thereby restoring a rudimentary form of sight," said researcher Eduardo Fernández. The volunteer, a former science teacher, had been completely blind for 16 years at the time of the study. A microelectrode array composed of 100 microneedles was implanted into her visual cortex to both record from and stimulate neurons located close to the electrodes. She had no complications from the surgery, and researchers determined that the implant did not impair or negatively affect her brain function. "One goal of this research is to give a blind person more mobility," said researcher R. A. Normann. "It could allow them to identify a person, doorways, or cars. It could increase independence and safety. That's what we're working toward." The volunteer, who is a co-author of the paper, wore eyeglasses equipped with a miniature video camera. Specialized software encoded the visual data collected by the camera and sent it to the micro electrodes in the array located in her brain. The array then stimulated the surrounding neurons to produce white points of light known as “phosphenes” to create an image. With the help of the implant, the volunteer was able to identify lines, shapes, and simple letters evoked by different patterns of stimulation. Fernández cautioned that "although these preliminary results are very encouraging, we should be aware that there are still a number of important unanswered questions and that many problems have to be solved before a cortical visual prosthesis can be considered a viable clinical therapy." Future research tests will use a more sophisticated image encoder system. It will be capable of stimulating more electrodes simultaneously to elicit more complex visual images.
Aging researcher and geneticist Steve Horvath is a professor at UC Los Angeles. He's known for developing the Horvath aging clock. The clock is a highly accurate molecular biomarker of aging. A Nature commentary explains that “Horvath's clock emerges from epigenetics, the study of chemical and structural modifications made to the genome that do not alter the DNA sequence but that are passed along as cells divide and can influence how genes are expressed.” “I developed a multi-tissue predictor of age that allows one to estimate the DNA methylation age of most tissues and cell types,” said Horvath in a 2013 paper published in Genome Biology. “I propose that DNA methylation age measures the cumulative effect of an epigenetic maintenance system. This novel epigenetic clock can be used to address a host of questions in developmental biology, cancer and aging research.” A 2013 press release issued by UC Los Angeles explains that DNA methylation is a chemical modification of one of the four building blocks that make up our DNA. Horvath analyzed more than one hundred sets of data collected previously by researchers who had studied methylation in both healthy and cancerous human tissue, with thousands of samples of many types of tissue and cells taken from all over the body. Horvath charted how age affects DNA methylation levels from pre-birth through old age. His age predictor is based on hundreds of markers linked to methylation that change with age and are present throughout the body. Horvath tested the age predictor by comparing the biological age to the chronological age of tissues, and found that the age predictor is remarkably accurate. "It's surprising that one could develop a predictive tool that reliably keeps time across the human anatomy," said Horvath. "My approach really compared apples and oranges, or in this case, very different parts of the body - including brain, heart, lungs, liver, kidney and cartilage." An interesting application of the clock targets the detection of “age acceleration.” This acceleration reflects discrepancies between a person's epigenetic and chronological ages, either overall or in one particular part of their body. For example, healthy breast tissue “is about two to three years older than the rest of a woman's body," said Horvath. But if a woman has breast cancer, “the healthy tissue next to the tumor is an average of 12 years older than the rest of her body." Horvath’s best guess, as reported in the Nature commentary, is that the clock corresponds to the function of an epigenomic housekeeping system. The system helps to stabilize the genome by maintaining methylation patterns. The more active this mechanism, he proposes, the faster the epigenetic clock ticks. "The big question is whether the underlying biological clock controls a process that leads to aging," concluded Horvath. "If so, the clock will become an important biomarker for studying new therapeutic approaches to keeping us young." “The Horvath clock, a widely used biomarker of ageing, is one of a series of discoveries over the past two decades that are invigorating the science of life extension,” notes a recent Financial Times piece titled “Can we defeat death?”
Researchers at Florida State University have found a link between an individual's sense of purpose and their ability to recall vivid details. The researchers found that while both a sense of purpose and cognitive function made personal memories easier to recall, only a sense of purpose bestowed the benefits of vividness and coherence. "Personal memories serve really important functions in everyday life," says researcher Angelina Sutin in a press release issued by Florida State University. "They help us to set goals, control emotions and build intimacy with others.” “We also know people with a greater sense of purpose perform better on objective memory tests, like remembering a list of words,” added Sutin. "We were interested in whether purpose was also associated with the quality of memories of important personal experiences because such qualities may be one reason why purpose is associated with better mental and physical health." The researchers performed a study with hundreds of participants. First, the participants reported on their sense of purpose and completed tasks that measured their cognitive processing speed in January and February 2020. Then, in July 2020, the researchers measured and analyzed the ability of the participants to retrieve and describe recent personal memories about the Covid-19 pandemic. In a paper published in Memory, the researchers report that the participants with a stronger sense of purpose in life reported that their memories were more accessible, coherent, and vivid than participants with less purpose. "Memories help people to sustain their well-being, social connections and cognitive health," said researcher Antonio Terracciano. "This research gives us more insight into the connections between a sense of purpose and the richness of personal memories. The vividness of those memories and how they fit into a coherent narrative may be one pathway through which purpose leads to these better outcomes." Purpose in life has been consistently associated with better episodic memory. This research also shows a correlation between purpose and the richness of personal memory. According to the researchers, the results of the study suggest that individuals with a higher sense of purpose in life have “autobiographical memories with richer phenomenology.” Previous research has found numerous other benefits connected with having a sense of purpose, from a lower risk of death to better physical and mental health. The connection between life purpose and memory is not, the results of this study suggest, entirely due to the fewer depressive symptoms among individuals with a higher sense of purpose. Of course, having fewer depressive symptoms is an important mental health benefit in itself. This is, I think, very important advice for everyone’s health and well-being. Cultivate your sense of purpose. Find more and more good reasons to get out of bed in the morning. Care about something bigger than you. Do something good. And your physical and mental health may improve as a result.
Physicians and scientists at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center have developed a 12-week mind-body program. It takes a new approach to chronic back pain, which is the leading cause of disability worldwide. The experimental mind-body program is called “Psychophysiologic Symptom Relief Therapy” (PSRT). It is designed to address underlying stress factors and emotional issues related to chronic back pain. The last few weeks of the program focus on mindfulness-based stress reduction to provide the tools to better process current and future stress factors. "The current paradigm of pain management focuses mostly on treatment of a physical origin of pain, however, in many cases of chronic back pain a physical source of pain cannot be identified," says physician Michael W. Donnino in a press release issued by Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. "Our group focused on the hypothesis that non-specific back pain is the symptomatic manifestation of a psychological process, substantively driven by stress, repressed emotions and other psychological processes. The exact mechanism remains unclear, but an analogy could be made to other known effects of acute emotional states on acute physiological changes, such as how the emotion of embarrassment may result in the capillary vasodilation we know as blushing." A study is published in PAIN Reports. It reports that PSRT was highly beneficial for treating back pain when compared to standard care. 64% of research volunteers reported being 100% pain free six months later. 35 participants 18 to 67 years old, with chronic back pain that lacked a clear physical origin, participated in the study. The difference between the participants treated with PSRT and the other patients was apparent, added Donnino. "When patients recognize the relationship between the mind and their physical pain, this orientation sheds new light and provides them a basis to engage with the multifaceted program that works interchangeably to improve pain and disability.” The results of the study add to a growing body of evidence that psychological factors may be associated with at least some forms of chronic back pain. A related study was published in Electronics earlier this year. In it, Japanese researchers suggested that low back pain in the elderly is the result of poor “ proprioception,” or the body's ability to perceive its own position in space. An illustration of proprioception is given by the fact that you are (probably) able to touch the tip of your nose with your eyes closed, starting from any position and without any effort. This is proprioception at work. Poor proprioception in older people is caused, the researchers suggested, by a deterioration of sensory receptors called proprioceptors. The researchers demonstrated the possibility to manage low back pain by diagnosing and activating impaired proprioceptors with localized vibratory stimulations. I am one of the millions of sufferers from chronic back pain. I consider this as one of the many unpleasant things that just happen, inevitably, when you are not 20 anymore. And I have learned to ignore the chronic pain and just go on with life. I found that swimming and yoga help. And that is good enough for me. But I guess the Japanese researchers must be right. Bad posture is not only a result of chronic back pain but often a cause. That, in turn, may be caused by age-related degradation of body awareness that could be managed by medicine.
Researchers have suggested that Omega 3 supplements may reduce exercise-induced muscle damage. This is due to the anti-inflammatory properties of Omega 3. Exercise-induced muscle damage results in transient muscle inflammation, strength loss, muscle soreness. These results may cause subsequent exercise avoidance. Symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage include pain, swelling, muscle strength and power loss, reduced range of motion, delayed onset muscle soreness, and impaired recovery. These symptoms may result in overall impairment of exercise performance. Exercise-induced muscle damage is associated with inflammatory responses involving interleukin, acute phase proteins, and muscle specific creatine kinase. The researchers investigated the effects of Omega 3 supplements on exercise-induced muscle damage. And they reported the methods and results of the study in a paper published in Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition. Fourteen healthy, physically-active males participated in this experimental study. Exclusion criteria included age (outside 18-35 age range), smoking, gender, taking any medication (e.g. non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs), consuming fish oil supplements in the six months before the study, and the presence of any known immune, cardiovascular, or metabolic disease. On repeated visits to the laboratory, the participants performed exercises relevant to assessing exercise-induced muscle damage. The exercises included, for example, running downhill with a 10% slope. Perceived muscle soreness and various indicators relevant to exercise-induced muscle damage were evaluated and measured before and immediately after exercise. The participants were divided in two groups following standard trial practices. One group received placebo. Participants in the other group received Omega 3 supplements. The supplements consisted of three gelcaps per day. Participants consumed one in the morning, one at lunch, and one in the evening. Each gelcap contained 1040 mg of Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. The results of the study indicate that muscle soreness was significantly lower in the Omega 3 group, compared to the placebo group, one day after the test. No significant difference in peak power output was observed between groups. The researchers conclude that Omega 3 supplements for four weeks may successfully attenuate exercise-induced muscle damage. While improvements in exercise performance were not detected, the researchers are persuaded that these findings have relevance to soreness-associated exercise avoidance. Strategies to reduce muscle damage and inflammation following exercise-induced muscle damage can be of use to individuals interested in increasing their rate of recovery and maintaining performance. Thrivous develops Omega Cardioprotector to enhance heart and circulation function for better aging. Each serving of Omega provides a clinical dose of Omega 3 Lysine Complex, which has no fishy smell or taste, and is five times more bioavailable than traditional Omega 3 gelcaps. Reflecting this study, Omega may also enhance exercise recovery. Get your Omega in the Thrivous store today!
Researchers led by Rutgers University have found that learning - a universal feature of intelligence in living beings - can be mimicked in solid state matter. This is a discovery that could inspire new algorithms for Artificial Intelligence (AI). And that may enable advances in human enhancement. A research paper is published in PNAS. It indicates that materials with highly tunable electronic structures, and a dynamic response to environmental stimuli, could be particularly suited for neuromorphic devices. Such devices work like the human brain. The researchers studied how the electrical conductivity of nickel oxide, a special type of insulating material, responded when its environment was changed repeatedly over various time intervals. Nickel oxide is a Mott insulator with properties that are strongly dependent on quantum effects. And it can become a conductor in appropriate conditions. "The goal was to find a material whose electrical conductivity can be tuned by modulating the concentration of atomic defects with external stimuli such as oxygen, ozone and light," says researcher Subhasish Mandal in a press release issued by Rutgers University. "We studied how this material behaves when we dope the system with oxygen or hydrogen, and most importantly, how the external stimulation changes the material's electronic properties." Habituation and sensitization, defined respectively as ignoring frequent stimuli and overreacting to a stimulus in presence of another, are fundamental forms of learning and adaptation in biological organisms. In the PNAS paper, the researchers demonstrate these universal learning characteristics in an inorganic system of binary nickel oxide under different environmental stimuli. Electronic plasticity is maintained by driving the system out of equilibrium and modulating defect concentration in dynamic environments. "The most interesting part of our results is that it demonstrates universal learning characteristics such as habituation and sensitization that we generally find in living species," adds Mandal. "These material characteristics in turn can inspire new algorithms for artificial intelligence. Much as collective motion of birds or fish have inspired AI, we believe collective behavior of electrons in a quantum solid can do the same in the future.” I think this is an important result because it shows that the biological brain is but one of a wider class of physical systems that can learn. If a quantum cloud of electrons in a solid can learn how to solve problems for AI applications, it could also provide a model for human learning and thinking. Besides machine learning and AI, it seems plausible to me that learning matter could be used in next-generation brain interfaces and implants, able to interface with biological neurons better than today’s electronics. "The growing field of AI requires hardware that can host adaptive memory properties beyond what is used in today's computers," concludes Mandal. "We find that nickel oxide insulators, which historically have been restricted to academic pursuits, might be interesting candidates to be tested in future for brain-inspired computers and robotics."
Researchers at Howard Hughes Medical Institute have discovered that many genes linked to human cancer block the body's natural defense against cancer. "The shock was that these genes are all about getting around the immune system, as opposed to simply saying 'grow, grow, grow!',” says lead researcher Stephen Elledge in a press release issued by Howard Hughes Medical Institute. "These results reveal a fascinating and unexpected relationship between tumor suppressor genes and the immune system," says a Johns Hopkins University cancer geneticist who was not involved in the research work. A research paper is published in Science. It reveals that more than 100 mutated tumor suppressor genes can prevent the immune system from spotting and destroying malignant cells in laboratory mice. The researchers wanted to check whether defective tumor suppressor genes were doing something more than helping cancer cells to grow. Starting with a list of 7,500 genes, the researchers used CRISPR to engineer thousands of tumor cells. Each engineered tumor cell lacked a functioning version of one of those genes. The researchers put the cells into two types of laboratory mice. The first type was those with a functioning immune system. The second was those without. Then, the researchers studied the tumors that grew. The researchers analyzed which mutated genes were abundant in the tumors. In mice with functioning immune systems, the defective tumor suppressor genes showed up frequently. This suggests that those genes, which amount to about 30 percent of all tumor suppressor genes tested, work by enabling tumors to evade the immune system. It appears that many different genes can mutate to help cancer escape the immune system. And this is likely to play a role in the formation and growth of cancer. To explore possible mechanisms triggered by the mutations, the researchers investigated a gene called GNA13 in more detail. They found that mutating the gene protects cancer cells from the immune system's T-cells. And that creates a safe space for the tumor to thrive. Elledge explains that there seems to be a quick and fierce evolutionary arms race between cancer cells and the immune system, with tumors having hundreds of potential ways to foil the body's attack. But Elledge suspects that many of these mutated genes act via similar strategies, a possibility his team can now examine in detail. If this proves to be the case, an intervention to block one evasion technique could potentially thwart others as well. "There are a lot of genes that people can now study," concludes Elledge. I hope further study will unveil the role played by different genes in protecting cancer from the immune system. And I hope that will help us find new genetic therapies to fight cancer.
“[Our] work about ‘Single Cortical Neurons as Deep Artificial Neural Networks’ was finally published in Neuron,” tweeted David Beniaguev earlier this month. Beniaguev is a PhD student in Computational Neuroscience at Hebrew University, Israel. The paper is published in Neuron. It's authored by Beniaguev, Idan Segev, and Michael London, all at Hebrew University. And it follows a preprint with the same title published in bioRxiv in 2019. So the research results had been released two years ago. But of course publication in a prestigious peer-reviewed scientific journal like Neuron gives more visibility and credibility to the research results. “Our approach is to use deep learning capabilities to create a computerized model that best replicates the I/O properties of individual neurons in the brain,” Beniaguev explains in a press release issued by Hebrew University, titled “ Neurons are much smarter than we thought.” A neuron “receives electrochemical signals through its dendrites, filters those signals, and then selectively passes along its own signals (or spikes),” explains SingularityHub. The researchers “built a model of a biological neuron (in this case, a pyramidal neuron from a rat’s cortex).” Then the researchers investigated neural network algorithms that could most accurately approximate the model. The researchers found that, to replicate the I/O of a simulated “smart neuron,” a neural network must be 5-7 layers deep. Even the authors did not anticipate such complexity. “I thought it would be simpler and smaller,” said Beniaguev as reported by Quanta. The researchers are persuaded that artificial neural networks based on smart neurons would permit reproducing more features of the human brain. “An illustration of this would be for the artificial network to recognize a cat with fewer examples and to perform functions like internalizing language meaning,” adds Segev. “The end goal would be to create a computerized replica that mimics the functionality, ability and diversity of the brain - to create, in every way, true artificial intelligence.” This research builds “a bridge from biological neurons to artificial neurons,” said a neuroscientist not directly involved in this study, Quanta reports. Other neuroscientists are similarly intrigued by the results. However, much work remains to be done. “The relationship between how many layers you have in a neural network and the complexity of the network is not obvious,” says London. “We tried many, many architectures with many depths and many things, and mostly failed.” “Our brain developed methods to build artificial networks that replicate its own learning capabilities and this in return allows us to better understand the brain and ourselves,” Beniaguev concludes. I find this intriguing. And I think his research is a step toward closing the loop, using our understanding of how the brain works to build artificial systems that work like the brain. This is the goal of neuromorphic engineering research. It could deliver not only human-like Artificial Intelligence (AI), but also better brain-computer interfaces. And it suggests future possibilities that look like science fiction becoming science fact.
Researchers have investigated cognitive and metabolic outcomes in middle-aged adults following wild blueberry consumption. Previous research demonstrated cognitive and metabolic health benefits following blueberry consumption in children and young adults. This study has extended previous research work to middle-aged persons. Thirty-five persons aged 40-65 years participated in a study, as described in a research paper published in European Journal of Nutrition. On two occasions, along with breakfast, the participants consumed either a cup of wild blueberry juice or a placebo beverage. The participants completed the cognitive tasks described below, and had blood drawn before and at regular intervals for eight hours after each meal. Researchers evaluated changes in the cognitive and metabolic parameters described below. The wild blueberry beverage included 25 g freeze-dried whole wild blueberry powder. The placebo beverage contained the same ingredients minus the wild blueberry powder. Participants were given auditory stimuli to evaluate executive control functions essential to working memory, new learning, and retention (long-term memory). The protocol included two tasks measuring executive abilities and one test of episodic memory. The participants were also administered an Auditory Verbal Learning Task (AVLT) to evaluate learning, recall, and recognition memory. The AVLT is a simple word list learning task that usually requires less executive ability than other types of learning and memory tasks that involve integration and organization of complex material. Similar to previous research with other age groups, cognitive performance was improved in the wild blueberry group, compared to the placebo group, on delayed recognition memory and aspects of executive function. Importantly, these benefits were found on more demanding elements of the tasks where some form of additional cognitive effort was required. Participants in the wild blueberry group also had significantly lower glucose and insulin levels after the meal, compared to the placebo group. The researchers state that this is the first study to examine wild blueberry effects relative to metabolic responses in a middle-age population with realistic rest and fatigue patterns. The conclusions of the study suggest that wild blueberries can improve the cognitive skills and brain function of middle-aged persons without cognitive impairments, particularly in the context of demanding tasks and cognitive fatigue. Further research is required to understand the underlying mechanism by which wild blueberry consumption improves cognitive functions. Moreover, wild blueberries improve the metabolic response to a meal in terms of glucose and insulin levels. Thrivous develops Vitality Geroprotector to enhance metabolic function for better aging. Each serving of Vitality provides a clinical dose of concentrated Blueberry Anthocyanin, along with complementary nutrients. As suggested by this study, Vitality may enhance cognition, as well as metabolic function. Get your Vitality in the Thrivous online store today!
Bioengineers at Stanford University have built a smaller CRISPR molecule for DNA editing. Its small size should make it easier to deliver into human cells, tissues, and the body for gene therapy. The new "CasMINI" molecule (protein) developed by the Stanford scientists has only 529 amino acids. That's much less than the 1000 to 1500 amino acids in the Cas9 and Cas12a CRISPR proteins commonly used in CRISPR gene editing. A paper is published in Molecular Cell. The scientists report that CasMINI could delete, activate, and edit genetic code. The smaller size of CasMINI means it should be easier to deliver into human cells and the human body. The bioengineers started with the small CRISPR protein Cas12f. It contains only about 400 to 700 amino acids. But it's not suitable for editing the DNA of mammalian and human cells. "We thought, 'Okay, millions of years of evolution have not been able to turn this CRISPR system into something that functions in the human body. Can we change that in just one or two years?'" says Stanley Qi in a press release issued by Stanford University. "To my knowledge, we have, for the first time, turned a nonworking CRISPR into a working one." The bioengineers selected about 40 modifications of the molecule that could make it suitable for editing human cells. And they implemented the modifications. They also engineered the RNA that guides Cas12f to its target DNA. Modifications to both components were crucial to making the CasMINI system work in human cells. "At first, this system did not work at all for a year," says researcher Xiaoshu Xu. "But after iterations of bioengineering, we saw some engineered proteins start to turn on, like magic. It made us really appreciate the power of synthetic biology and bioengineering." The scientists tested CasMINI's ability to delete and edit genes in lab-based human cells. They included genes related to HIV infection, anti-tumor immune response, and anemia. It worked on almost every gene they tested, with robust responses in several. The Stanford bioengineers “used protein engineering to transform a Cas12f protein that didn’t appear to work in mammalian cells into one that did,” summarizes SingularityHub. They also noted that two other recent research papers indicate that Cas12f molecules could be packaged inside viruses along with their guide RNA. And they could be delivered to human cells to make effective edits. "This engineering approach can be so broadly helpful," concludes Qi. "That's what excites me - opening the door on new possibilities." Qi is persuaded that we should start thinking about how this new CasMini molecule can be applied for practical benefits.
Researchers investigated changes in the subjective feelings of healthy volunteers after administering Alpha GPC. Alpha GPC is a natural choline compound found in the brain. And it's a precursor of neurotransmitter acetylcholine. In other words, it can increase acetylcholine concentration in the brain. Thirty-nine volunteers participated in the study, described in a paper published in Nutrients. The participants were administered capsules containing either 200 mg of Alpha GPC or a placebo (cellulose). The results of the study suggest that Alpha GPC treatment could increase motivation during the treatment period. The participants completed a KOKORO scale test to quantify self-reported emotional states before and during the treatment. The KOKORO scale (KOKORO means mind in Japanese) uses a four-quadrant diagram with measures of mood such as security, anxiety, excitement, or irritability. In this study, the x-axis and y-axis of the KOKORO scale were set to “Anxiety-Relief” and “Lethargy-Motivation.” The participants were instructed to input their feelings into the four-quadrant diagram using a smartphone app. They did this three times a day for two weeks preceding treatment. And then they continued doing this for another two weeks while self-administering treatment. Previous clinical studies indicate that the oral administration of Alpha GPC doesn’t lead to serious side effects or toxicities in human patients. This is confirmed by the results of this study. The findings suggest that the risk of toxicity in administering Alpha GPC for 2 weeks is extremely low. The administration of Alpha GPC did not lead to side effects or addictions during the 2 weeks of intervention and for at least 12 months after taking the supplement. The placebo had no effect on motivation, whereas the Alpha GPC group showed an increasing trend in motivation during the intervention period. In particular, the self-reported motivation levels significantly improved at night. In the anxiety-relief axis, the change in feelings in both groups showed similar patterns. But in the lethargy-motivation axis, the change in feelings in the Alpha GPC group increased significantly at night when compared with that in the placebo group. I looked for explanations of why the positive effects of Alpha GPC are most evident at night. This may be due to the time of administration, or to the interaction of Alpha GPC with the dopamine circuits in the brain. In fact, use of Alpha GPC increases dopamine levels, as well as dopamine active transporter expression in the brain. However, the researchers emphasize that the detailed mechanism of action of Alpha GPC remains unclear at present. Thrivous develops Alpha Neuroprotector to enhance brain and nerve function for better aging. Each serving of Alpha provides a clinical dose of Alpha GPC, along with complementary nutrients. As indicated by the results of this clinical study, Alpha Neuroprotector may also increase dopamine levels and enhance motivation. Get your Alpha from the Thrivous online store now.
Researchers at the University of Washington and Microsoft have created genetically encoded reporter proteins. They can be directly read by a commercially available nanopore sensing device. This may revolutionize access to nanoscale information from the body. "This is a fundamentally new interface between cells and computers," said senior researcher Jeff Nivala. The researchers have built a system called "NanoporeTERs" (Nanopore-addressable protein Tags Engineered as Reporters). It can detect multiple protein expression levels from bacterial and human cell cultures far beyond the capacity of existing techniques. The system acts as a "nanopore-tal." That's a portal based on nanopores. Nanopores are nano-scale holes that can be embedded in electronic devices to capture molecules and perform precise molecular analyses. NanoporeTERs are able to probe what happens inside complex biological systems. "NanoporeTERs offer a new and richer lexicon for engineered cells to express themselves and shed new light on the factors they are designed to track. They can tell us a lot more about what is happening in their environment all at once," said researcher Nicolas Cardozo. "We're essentially making it possible for these cells to 'talk' to computers about what's happening in their surroundings at a new level of detail, scale and efficiency that will enable deeper analysis than what we could do before." A paper is published in Nature Biotechnology. Researchers explain that NanoporeTERs were designed to carry distinct protein "barcodes" composed of strings of amino acids. The NanoporeTERs have been engineered with charged "tails" so that they can be pulled into a nanopore sensor by an electric field. And they can be collected and analyzed using a commercially available nanopore device. "This is the first paper to show how a commercial nanopore sensor device can be repurposed for applications other than the DNA and RNA sequencing for which they were originally designed," said researcher Kathryn Doroschak. "This is exciting as a precursor for nanopore technology becoming more accessible and ubiquitous in the future. You can already plug a nanopore device into your cell phone. I could envision someday having a choice of 'molecular apps' that will be relatively inexpensive and widely available outside of traditional genomics." "We are currently working to scale up the number of NanoporeTERs to hundreds, thousands, maybe even millions more," said researcher Karen Zhang. "The more we have, the more things we can track." "We're particularly excited about the potential in single-cell proteomics, but this could also be a game-changer in terms of our ability to do multiplexed biosensing to diagnose disease and even target therapeutics to specific areas inside the body. And debugging complicated genetic circuit designs would become a whole lot easier and much less time-consuming if we could measure the performance of all the components in parallel instead of by trial and error.” In simple words, my explanation of this development goes like this. Doctors will be able to rapidly and cheaply acquire a hell of a lot of information on whatever molecular processes are going on in your body. Perhaps you’ll be able to do it yourself with smartphone apps. And perhaps this technology will be combined with precise therapies.
Researchers at MIT and Howard Hughes Medical Institute have developed a new way to deliver molecular therapies to cells. The system, called SEND, can be programmed to encapsulate and deliver different RNA cargoes. SEND (Selective Endogenous eNcapsidation for cellular Delivery), "dazzles with its sheer ingenuity," notes Singuarity Hub. SEND "commandeers human proteins to make delivery vehicles that shuttle in new genetic elements. In a series of tests, the team embedded RNA cargo and CRISPR components inside cultured cells in a dish. The cells, acting as packing factories, used human proteins to encapsulate the genetic material, forming tiny balloon-like vessels that can be collected as a treatment." "The biomedical community has been developing powerful molecular therapeutics, but delivering them to cells in a precise and efficient way is challenging," says senior researcher Feng Zhang, a CRISPR pioneer, in a press release issued by MIT. "SEND has the potential to overcome these challenges." SEND takes advantage of molecules made by human cells. A paper published in Science describes how the researchers engineered a protein called PEG10, which exists naturally in humans, to selectively package and deliver RNA cargos. The researchers used SEND to deliver the CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing system to mouse and human cells to edit targeted genes. Using SEND, the researchers delivered a CRISPR system that removes a cancer-causing gene in cells in a dish originally derived from brain cancer. "The system efficiently cut out roughly 60 percent of the gene in recipient cells," notes Singularity Hub. "But it only did so when SEND shuttled the CRISPR components into the cell, showing that SEND only delivers genetic material that’s been custom-made for its transport." Since SEND is composed of proteins that are produced naturally in the body, it could open up opportunities to deliver gene therapies repeatedly without triggering adverse immune responses, and with minimal side effects. "This study shows that there are probably other RNA transfer systems in the human body that can also be harnessed for therapeutic purposes,” says researcher Michael Segel. “It also raises some really fascinating questions about what the natural roles of these proteins might be." The researchers plan to test SEND in animals and further engineer the system to deliver molecular therapies to a variety of living cell types. "We're excited to keep pushing this approach forward," concludes Zhang. "The realization that we can use PEG10, and most likely other proteins, to engineer a delivery pathway in the human body to package and deliver new RNA and other potential therapies is a really powerful concept."
Caffeine is considered a cognitive enhancer at low to moderate doses because it improves alertness, vigilance, attention, and reaction time. Now, researchers in Madrid have investigated and assessed the effect of acute caffeine intake on e-sports-specific performance. Electronic-sports (e-sports) represent a relatively new sport discipline consisting of gamers playing competitive video game tournaments. E-sports share a common structure where the player, seated in front of a screen, has to direct the movements and decisions of a virtual avatar through a controller. E-sports have similar characteristics to more traditional sport disciplines, mainly due to their competitive nature, but also because of the physical skills necessary to play at a high level. For example, in a first-person shooting video game, players have to rapidly react to fast-moving visual and auditory stimuli. The most important factors for gaming performance in first-person shooting video games are precision to hit a target that suddenly appears and moves on the screen, together with a low response time to perform the shooting. The researchers studied the effect of ingesting 3 mg of caffeine per kg of body mass on simple reaction time in a color test and on hit accuracy and reaction time during a first-person shooting game. Fifteen professional e-gamers participated in an experimental trial. The results of the trial are reported and discussed in a 2020 research paper published in Physiology & Behavior. In two trials three days apart, the participants either ingested a placebo (cellulose) or 3 mg/kg of caffeine in an opaque and unidentifiable capsule. 45 minutes after ingestion, the participants performed a simple reaction time test and completed a first-person shooting game. The game was intense and stressful, because the participants had to hit 60 targets that appeared anywhere on the screen in a 2 minute time period. The researchers measured the reaction times and accuracy of the participants. In comparison to the placebo, caffeine decreased the reaction time, the mean time taken to hit the targets, and enhanced hit accuracy. The researchers conclude that caffeine supplementation might be considered as an aid for e-sports gamers based on its effect to enhance hit accuracy and time. The researchers “recommend the use of caffeine only on those days with a high load of training or before e-sports competitions in order to avoid tolerance and to reduce the prevalence of the main caffeine-associated drawbacks.” I’m unable to comment because since I was ten or so I have had no experience of living without a regular dose of caffeine (taken in the form of cups of hot black espresso coffee). I can only say that, though I never liked action video games too much, I used to be quite good at them. Thrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus when you need it most. Each capsule provides a clinical dose of Caffeine, combined with L Theanine and Ginseng. Many clinical studies have observed superior effects, such as decreased jitters and distraction, from the combination. Get your Surge from the Thrivous store online today.
Researchers at Brown University, UC San Diego, Baylor University, and Qualcomm have developed a new neural interface system that coordinates the activity of hundreds of tiny brain sensors. This new Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) system could one day deepen our understanding of the brain and lead to new medical therapies. BCI systems depend on implantable sensors that record electrical signals in the brain. They use those brain signals to drive external devices like computers or prosthetic limbs such as robotic arms. An operational BCI system should be able to gather data from large groups of brain cells. "One of the big challenges in the field of brain-computer interfaces is engineering ways of probing as many points in the brain as possible," said senior researcher Arto Nurmikko in a press release issued by Brown University. "Up to now, most BCIs have been monolithic devices -- a bit like little beds of needles. Our team's idea was to break up that monolith into tiny sensors that could be distributed across the cerebral cortex. That's what we've been able to demonstrate here." The researchers designed wireless microscale neural sensors, each about the size of a grain of salt, to record and stimulate brain activity. The sensors, dubbed "neurograins," independently record the electrical pulses made by firing neurons and send the signals wirelessly to a central hub, which coordinates and processes the signals. The central hub is a thin thumbprint-sized patch that attaches to the scalp outside the skull. It works like a miniature cellular phone tower, employing a network protocol to coordinate the signals from the neurograins, each of which has its own network address. The patch also supplies power wirelessly to the neurograins, which are designed to operate using a minimal amount of electricity. In a study published in Nature Electronics, the researchers demonstrate the use of a coordinated network with nearly 50 neurograins to record neural activity in a laboratory rat. The neurograins, placed on the outer layer of the animal's brain, successfully recorded neural signals. The researchers also tested the ability of the BCI system to stimulate the brain as well as record from it. "This work was a true multidisciplinary challenge," said researcher Jihun Lee. "We had to bring together expertise in electromagnetics, radio frequency communication, circuit design, fabrication and neuroscience to design and operate the neurograin system." "It was a challenging endeavor, as the system demands simultaneous wireless power transfer and networking at the mega-bit-per-second rate, and this has to be accomplished under extremely tight silicon area and power constraints," added researcher Vincent Leung. "Our team pushed the envelope for distributed neural implants." The current configuration of the BCI system could support up to 770 neurograins. The researchers plan to scale the BCI system up to many thousands of neurograins, which would provide a currently unattainable picture of brain activity. "Our hope is that we can ultimately develop a system that provides new scientific insights into the brain and new therapies that can help people affected by devastating injuries," concluded Nurmikko. It’s worth noting that next-generation BCI systems could do much more than that. They could enable artificial intelligence (AI) implants, enable artificial telepathy (streaming thoughts to other users via wireless networks), and gradually approach the capabilities of wildly futuristic neural interfaces such as the “neural lace” envisioned by the late lamented science fiction writer Iain Banks.
University of Copenhagen scientists have suggested that the beneficial effects of physical exercise may in part result from changes to the structure of our DNA. These structural changes are referred to as "epigenetic." While it is widely known that regular physical exercise decreases the risk of virtually all chronic illnesses, the mechanisms at play are not fully known. This research shed light on the deep mechanisms through which exercise leads to better health. "Our findings provide a mechanism for the known beneficial effects of exercise," says Professor Romain Barrès in a press release issued by University of Copenhagen. "By connecting each enhancer with a gene, we further provide a list of direct targets that could mediate this effect." A study is published in Molecular Metabolism. The scientists report evidence that exercise rewires the enhancers in regions of our DNA that are known to be associated with the risk to develop disease. Enhancers are sections of our DNA that regulate which genes are switched on or off, when, and in which tissue. To show that exercise remodels the activity of gene enhancers in skeletal muscle, the scientists recruited healthy young men and put them through a six-week endurance exercise program. The scientists collected a biopsy of the thigh muscle of the participants before and after the exercise intervention and found changes in the structure of DNA in enhancers that have been already associated with human disease. According to the scientists, these research results show how exercise remodels DNA in skeletal muscle, so that new signals are established to keep the body healthy. The findings suggest that enhancers remodeled after exercise training may participate in disease prevention, especially of cardiovascular, renal, and cognitive disorders, by regulating transcription of enhancer connected genes. The disease categories, that these research results link, reprogrammed enhancers that have all previously been associated with exercise. For instance, exercise training is robustly correlated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease, lower blood pressure, improved renal functions, better cognitive performance, and higher academic achievement. "Our data provides evidence of a functional link between epigenetic rewiring of enhancers to control their activity after exercise training and the modulation of disease risk in humans," adds Assistant Professor Kristine Williams. “By providing insight into the mechanisms that may mediate the positive effects of exercise on cardiovascular function, platelet biology, cognitive performance, and renal function,” reads the conclusion of the study, “our study constitutes a powerful resource for the identification of key factors involved in the beneficial effects of endurance training on human health.”
Chinese researchers have found that anthocyanins derived from different plant sources possess a variety of health-promoting effects. They include protection from oxidative stress that can damage DNA. Anthocyanins are compounds found in dark-colored plants. Their most concentrated distribution is in red, violet, and black-colored fruits, flowers, and vegetables. We obtain abundant amounts of anthocyanins from dark-colored foods, as well as processed products such as juice, wine, jam, and a variety of sauces. Examples include: black rice fruits such as blueberries, blackcurrants, strawberries, red and black grapes, and hawthorn vegetables such as red cabbage, red onion, black beans, eggplant, and purple potatoes Laboratory tests in vitro show that anthocyanins have antioxidant properties. And Thrivous has published articles that reference evidence from human studies that show blueberries protect DNA. The Chinese researchers investigated the dose-response relationship between anthocyanins and metabolic factors as well as oxidative biomarkers in healthy adult volunteers. More than 100 participants took purified anthocyanins or placebo for two weeks, with an increasing dosing schedule of 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg. The results of the study are published in Nutrition. They indicate that anthocyanin supplements at doses greater than 80 mg improved markers of oxidative stress. This suggests that anthocyanin supplements enhance some metabolic factors. And they are an effective antioxidant. The researchers acknowledge that the results of the study are directly applicable to young, non-obese, healthy participants with low levels of oxidative stress and inflammation. This can make it more difficult to detect any changes as a result of anthocyanin supplements. Therefore, clinical studies that are larger in scale and of longer duration are needed. However, according to the results of this study, we can and should ingest considerable amounts of anthocyanins daily. The researchers emphasize that no incidences of anthocyanin poisoning have been reported in humans. “Thus, daily intake of 80 mg anthocyanins from natural food resources is likely to be well tolerated.” Thrivous develops Vitality Geroprotector to enhance metabolic function for better aging. Each serving of Vitality provides a clinical dose of anthocyanins, extracted from Blueberry. Vitality also provides clinical doses of Berberine and Milk Thistle, as well as Coenzyme Q10. These nutrients work together to protect DNA and cells from oxidation, and support healthy blood sugar levels. Vitality Geroprotector is available online in the Thirvous store. Get your Vitality today!
Researchers at UC San Diego have discovered that spontaneous impulses of dopamine occur in the brain of mice. Dopamine is the neurological messenger known as the brain's "feel good" chemical. The researchers have also found that mice can willfully manipulate these random dopamine pulses for reward. "This started as a serendipitous finding by a talented, and curious, graduate student with intellectual support from a wonderful group of colleagues," says senior researcher David Kleinfeld in a press release issued by UC San Diego. "As an unanticipated result, we spent many long days expanding on the original study and of course performing control experiments to verify the claims. These led to the current conclusions." Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that carries signals between brain cells. It is often described as the brain's "feel good" chemical related to reward and pleasure. Dopamine plays a major role in reward-motivated behavior. The anticipation of most types of rewards increases the level of dopamine in the brain. And many addictive drugs increase dopamine. But rather than investigating the production of dopamine in the brain induced by external stimuli, the UC San Diego researchers investigated spontaneous production of dopamine in laboratory mice. A study is published in Current Biology. It indicates that, in mice, the brain is flooded with unpredictable impulses of dopamine that occur approximately once per minute. Suitably designed tests revealed that the mice are aware of these dopamine impulses. And they learn to anticipate and control them up to a certain degree. For example, in tests where a reward is received after spontaneous generation of dopamine impulses, the mice learned to reliably elicit these impulses. And these effects reverse when the reward is removed. The researchers argue that “spontaneous dopamine impulses may serve as a salient cognitive event in behavioral planning.” And “an animal's sense of spontaneous dopamine impulses may motivate it to search and forage in the absence of known reward-predictive stimuli.” So far, dopamine appears to invigorate existing behaviors, rather than initiate new ones. Further research will explore if and how unpredictable dopamine events drive foraging, mating, and social behaviors. According to the researchers, this study opens a new dimension in the study of dopamine and brain dynamics. Though these research results have been obtained in experiments with laboratory mice, it seems plausible to me that similar mechanisms could be at work in humans. And further insights on the causes and effects of spontaneous “feel good” pulses could have an important impact on human well-being.
A team of scientists from Tunisia and France investigated whether melatonin ingestion has positive effects against exercise induced oxidative stress and muscle damage in young athletes. A recent study is published in Chronobiology International, a journal dedicated to biological and medical rhythm research. The scientists report that the answer is yes. While intense exercise is good for health overall, it is well documented that it can lead to inflammation, skeletal muscle damage, and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of oral melatonin ingestion after high intensity late evening exercise on oxidative and inflammatory status the following morning, both at rest and after another round of intense exercise. The findings suggest that a single dose of melatonin (10 mg) after strenuous late evening exercise could protect against oxidative stress and inflammation induced by intense exercise. Melatonin is a hormone that has long been associated with control of the sleep–wake cycle. As a dietary supplement, melatonin is often used to promote sleep, such as after jet lag or nocturnal work. Melatonin seems to work as sleep aid in these cases, and with limited side effects. But this, and similar studies, are investigating other benefits of melatonin. Fourteen healthy trained teenagers participated in the study, performing two-test sessions separated by at least 1 week. During each session, participants completed the Running-Based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST) at 8pm. Then, they ingested a single 10 mg tablet of melatonin or placebo at 10pm. The following morning at 7:30 am, the participants performed the same test as the previous night. Blood samples were taken before and after exercise. Compared to placebo, melatonin intake increased athlete performance parameters such as peak and mean power, and decreased total time and fatigue index. Furthermore, melatonin ingestion improved various blood parameters (such as white blood cells levels) before and after exercise, and reduced muscle and hepatic damage enzymes before and after exercise. The conclusion of the study is that a single 10 mg dose of melatonin after vigorous late evening exercise could protect against exercise induced inflammation and muscle damage the following morning in healthy teenage male athletes. Therefore, the scientists recommend use of melatonin in this specific case. Thrivous has published more information about the overall safety of long-term use of melatonin. Most rigorous scientific investigations have addressed the use of melatonin in relation to sleep enhancement, which is a related but different case. Thrivous develops Serenity Nightly Nootropic to enhance relaxation and sleep. It provides a clinical dose of melatonin in each serving. As suggested by this study, Serenity may assist with exercise recovery. Get Serenity online in the Thrivous store.
Scientists at University of Cambridge and University of Leeds have reversed age-related memory loss in mice. According to the scientists, this discovery could lead to the development of treatments to prevent memory loss in people as they age. "We saw remarkable results when we treated the ageing mice with this treatment,” says Jessica Kwok in a press release issued by University of Leeds. “The memory and ability to learn were restored to levels they would not have seen since they were much younger." A study is published in Molecular Psychiatry. In it, the scientists investigate the factors responsible for the loss of memory that comes with aging. And they show that it is possible to reverse aging-related loss of memory in laboratory mice using genetic treatments. Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are cartilage-like scaffolding structures that surround neurons in the brain. PNNs contain compounds known as chondroitin sulphates. They play important roles in neuroplasticity, which is the ability of the brain to learn and adapt. Some PNNs, such as chondroitin 4-sulphate, inhibit neuroplasticity. Others, such as chondroitin 6-sulphate, promote neuroplasticity. As we age, the balance of these compounds changes. And, as levels of chondroitin 6-sulphate decrease, so our ability to learn and form new memories changes, leading to age-related memory decline. The scientists experimented with aging mice. They treated the mice using a virus capable of boosting the levels of 6-sulphate chondroitin sulphates. This completely restored memory in the aging mice, to a level similar to that seen in younger mice. Young mice had been genetically-manipulated such that they were only able to produce low levels of chondroitin 6-sulphate. They showed signs of premature memory loss. But increasing levels of chondroitin 6-sulphate, using the virus, restored their memory and neuroplasticity. “What is exciting about this is that although our study was only in mice, the same mechanism should operate in humans - the molecules and structures in the human brain are the same as those in rodents,” says James Fawcett in a press release issued by University of Cambridge. “This suggests that it may be possible to prevent humans from developing memory loss in old age." The scientists have identified a potential drug, already licensed for human use. It could help human patients with memory problems, including older adults suffering from Alzheimer’s disease. The scientists are investigating the effects of this drug in laboratory animal models of Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at UC San Francisco have developed a speech neuroprosthesis. It has enabled a man with severe paralysis to communicate in sentences. It does this by translating signals from his brain to the vocal tract directly into words that appear as text on a screen. "To our knowledge, this is the first successful demonstration of direct decoding of full words from the brain activity of someone who is paralyzed and cannot speak," says neurosurgeon Edward Chang in a press release issued by UC San Francisco. "It shows strong promise to restore communication by tapping into the brain's natural speech machinery." Previous speech neuroprosthetics work has demonstrated the possibility to capture the brain signals of paralyzed patients. And it has been possible to translate the signals to allow the patients to slowly type out letters one-by-one in text. But now Chang and his team have found ways to capture and translate the brain signals intended to control muscles of the vocal system for speaking words, rather than the signals to move the arm or hand to enable typing. This new approach promises more rapid and organic communication. "With speech, we normally communicate information at a very high rate, up to 150 or 200 words per minute," explains Chang. "Going straight to words, as we're doing here, has great advantages because it's closer to how we normally speak." A study is published in New England Journal of Medicine. It reports that the researchers implanted a high-density electrode array over a paralyzed patient’s speech motor cortex. And they used artificial intelligence, specifically custom neural networks, to translate the patterns of recorded neural activity into specific intended words. The system was able to decode words from brain activity and generate synthesized speech at a rate of up to 18 words per minute, with up to 93% accuracy (75% median). The patient was a man in his late 30s who suffered a devastating brainstem stroke more than 15 years ago. He worked with the researchers to create a 50-word vocabulary that Chang's team could recognize from brain activity using advanced computer algorithms. The vocabulary includes words such as "water," "family," and "good.” It was sufficient to create hundreds of sentences relevant to the patient’s daily life. "This trial is just the beginning,” said Chang as reported by CNN. “This is the very first participant that's been in the trial, and the first set of experiments that were part of this trial to show that this is possible." The next steps are to see “if this is better, worse or the same in more people,” said Chang as reported by Scientific American. The researchers will also use a larger vocabulary to train the machine that decodes the brain’s output. The vocabulary has already expanded beyond the 50 words reported in this study, he says, and “it’s exciting to see things grow in that kind of way.”
Gotu Kola! The name may sound like an exotic soft drink. But it's a plant. Also known as Centella Asiatica and Asiatic Pennywort, it's an herb in the parsley family. People around the globe have used Gotu Kola for centuries to provide health benefits and enhance their bodies. As a supplement, it comes in the form of dried herb, powdered herb, tincture, or standardized extract. It's also a key ingredient in various serums, haircare products, beauty oils, and face creams. A study conducted in the United States suggests that at least 35% of people use herbal supplements. And a large portion of pharmaceutical products originate from herbs. So you may have already unknowingly benefited from Gotu Kola. Gotu Kola contains triterpenoid, tannin, and polyphenol, among other healthy phytochemicals. And it provides various minerals and vitamins, including: Vitamin A and C Potassium Iron Calcium Vitamin B2 Gotu Kola Benefits What is Gotu Kola good for? People use it to support and enhance the healthy function of their bodies. Some common applications include skin and joint enhancement, support for healthy gut and immune function, and sleep improvement. But we still need more human studies for these applications. Based on human studies, what does Gotu Kola do for you? Scientific evidence suggests that it may boost cognitive function. And the best evidence shows that Gotu Kola can enhance blood circulation, including microcirculation. Boost Cognitive Function A 2016 study compared the effects of Gotu Kola to those of folic acid for enhancing cognitive function. Folic Acid had already been demonstrated to be effective. And researchers found that Gotu Kola was equally effective. In a placebo-controlled study in 2000, researchers observed that Gotu Kola promoted calmness. Participants' sense of well-being improved. And, notably, the benefit resulted from a single dose. A 2008 study found that Gotu Kola enhanced alertness. Choice and spatial memory reaction time improved. Working memory increased. Calmness and mood also improved. A 2010 study confirmed that Gotu Kola enhanced mood. Participants were better able to manage stress. And their attention improved. Traditionally, people have paired Gotu Kola with Bacopa Monnieri. Bacopa is also an herb. And it has high levels of evidence for memory enhancement. Research suggests that both Gotu Kola and Bacopa Monnieri are effective nootropics. Enhance Blood Circulation A 2001 study found that Gotu Kola enhanced circulation. Researchers observed that it improved microcirculation. And it improved venous blood flow. These results were confirmed in at least five other 2001 studies. The results also confirmed findings from at least five human studies in previous years. They include studies in 1987 and 1990. And they include Italian studies as early as 1981, 1982, and 1994. Subsequently, a 2013 systematic review also supported these findings. A particularly interesting study in 2001 was " Flight microangiopathy in medium- to long-distance flights: prevention of edema and microcirculation alterations with total triterpenic fraction of Centella asiatica. " This study found that people who supplemented with Gotu Kola had fewer variations in circulation while traveling in economy class flights up to 10 hours. This underscores the ordinary practical benefit of the supplement. Where to Buy Gotu Kola Thrivous provides an advanced supplement with the best natural geroprotectors to enhance blood circulation and support heart function. Here are some of the reasons that you should buy Omega Cardioprotector: You get 60 capsules that provide clinical doses of Gotu Kola Extract, Garlic Extract, Omega 3 Lysine Complex, Olive Extract, and Maritime Pine Extract. Each nutrient and dose in the formula reflects the best available research from years of studies by scientists around the world. Each material and their combination passes through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control in FDA-certified facilities. All of the scientific, supplier, and quality information is open-source and available online to foster your trust and confidence. Thrivous guarantees your happiness with all of its products, offering a money back guarantee on each order. Order Thrivous Omega. And, in the United States, enjoy free shipping today!
Researchers at UC San Francisco have shown that gene-edited cellular therapeutics can be used to successfully treat cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. In a proof-of-concept study, the researchers have demonstrated that stem cell engineering could permit treating major diseases while evading the immune system. This cell therapy technology has been tested in laboratory mice. But it's potentially applicable to human health care. And it could permit developing less expensive therapeutic applications to treat diseases for which there are currently few viable options. A paper is published in PNAS. It reports that the researchers used gene editing to create “universal stem cells” (named HIP cells) that are not recognized by the immune system. They can be used to make "universal cell therapeutics." This could eliminate the need to generate custom cell therapeutics using a blood sample from every individual patient. Personalization is costly but has been necessary in order to avoid immune responses. "We showed that immune-engineered HIP cells reliably evade immune rejection in mice with different tissue types, a situation similar to the transplantation between unrelated human individuals,” says research co-leader Tobias Deuse in a press release issued by UC San Francisco. “This immune evasion was maintained in diseased tissue and tissue with poor blood supply without the use of any immunosuppressive drugs." Then the researchers transplanted specialized, immune-engineered HIP cells into laboratory mice. And they found that the cell therapeutics could alleviate peripheral artery disease in hindlimbs. They could prevent the development of lung disease in mice with alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency. And they could alleviate heart failure in mice after myocardial infarction. It is expected that, in human patients, the new cell therapeutics could eventually treat three major diseases affecting different organ systems. Those are peripheral artery disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease from alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency, and heart failure. Heart disease is increasingly a global epidemic with more than 5.7 million patients in the United States alone and some 870,000 new cases annually. Deuse explains that this technology would make the manufacturing of universal, high-quality cell therapeutics more cost effective. Therefore, it could allow future treatment of larger patient populations. And that could facilitate access for patients from underserved communities. "In order for a therapeutic to have a broad impact, it needs to be affordable," says Deuse. "That's why we focus so much on immune-engineering and the development of universal cells. Once the costs come down, the access for all patients in need increases." The researchers plan to explore the potential of HIP cells for treating other endocrine and cardiovascular conditions. Deuse explains that, because of the novelty of the approach, a careful and measured introduction into clinical trials will be crucial. Once more is known about human safety, he says, it will be easier to estimate when treatments using HIP cells might be approved and available for patients.
If you are interested in supporting healthy bone density and blood clotting, you may have been told to increase your vitamin K levels. However, not all vitamin K is created equal. This essential fat-soluble vitamin commonly appears as K1 (phylloquinone) and K2 (menaquinone) compounds. The K1 form of the vitamin is found in leafy greens and other plant based sources. And, while this is good for blood clotting, you don't get the additional benefits that vitamin K2 provides. So Where Do You Find Vitamin K2? Looking at dietary vitamin K sources, common foods that contain high amounts of this vitamin are liver and other organs meats, eggs, chicken, and eel. So you just need to consume more of these foods right? Well, not quite. There is actually another aspect to this vitamin which was explored in a study published by the journal Nutrition. The study took a look at a group of ten women in Japan, who were given two types of vitamin k2 homologues, to see which one was more easily absorbed by the body and bioavailable. Menaquinone-4 vs Menaquinone-7 Vitamin K2 consists of various homologues called Menaquinones. The most common one is found in animal products, such as chicken, eel, liver, and eggs. It's Menaquinone-4, also known as MK-4. This is derived from the conversion of menadione. The long chain version MK-7, on the other hand, is found in fermented foods such as sauerkraut, fermented cheese, curd, and the Japanese fermented soybean dish called Natto. These are the two types of vitamin K2 homologues that were tested in the above-mentioned study. The goal was to find out how they functioned in the body and to determine which one was better. How Did the Study Work? The ten women were split into two randomized groups. And each was given a concentrated form of either vitamin K2 MK-4 or vitamin K2 MK-7, after a moderate-fat breakfast was consumed. They prepared a baseline serum using 2ml of blood drawn from each woman, prior to administering the vitamin K2. The results were measured every second hour up to the first 24 hours, and then every 24 hours after that for three days. The second study involved having the MK-4 and MK-7 administered to ten women. They were split into a randomized group of five per group. The supplements were administered daily after supper for one week. Serum levels were also measured and analyzed. What Did the Studies Show? The results of the studies were quite impressive. MK-7 showed clearly in the serum results of the first study, at maximum levels after six hours. It was still present in serum levels for up to 48 hours. MK-4, on the other hand, showed no serum levels at any point in time. In the second study, MK-7 levels showed a steady increase while MK-4 levels did not increase. This is very telling. It indicates that MK-7 is the far superior type of vitamin K2, being easily absorbed by the body and presenting in nutritional blood levels. MK-4 is not as bio-available. And it would require a high dosage, due to its half-life, in order to present any benefits for carboxylation of osteocalcin. Furthermore, it didn't increase plasma levels, whereas MK-7 plasma levels showed a significant increase. Getting on the Vitamin K2 MK-7 Train With these studies in mind, you might consider whether you have a vitamin K deficiency. Have you been getting enough of vitamin K2? Here are some possible benefits from taking vitamin K2 MK-7: Improved blood clotting to support faster wound healing Stronger bones and improved bone density, due to the creation of a protein which helps to bind calcium to bones Enhanced heart function, as vitamin K breaks down calcium and improves artery wall function Improved cell function in various metabolic processes Vitamin Intake Via Food Sources or Supplements So, now that you know the best type of vitamin K to use, you need to find out what is the best source of it. There are food sources to consider. However, most of them provide vitamin K1 or vitamin K2 MK-4. Only if you consume very specific foods, like fermented soybeans or tons of sauerkraut every day, are you likely to get high enough levels of K2 MK-7. This is where supplements can play a big role, providing much-needed support and reducing the possibility of vitamin K deficiency. Supplement with Vitamin K2 for Improved Joint and Bone Health There's an easy way to get a clinical dose of bioavailable vitamin K2 MK-7, along with other beneficial nutrients. You can use Tenacity Arthroprotector, a supplement that is designed to enhance your joints and bones. In addition to K2 MK-7, Tenacity provides vitamin D, which is another fat-soluble vitamin. Vitamin D is vital for supporting mobility and a healthy immune system. Tenacity also contains turmeric curcumin, which is a wonderful joint comfort ingredient, as well as ApresFlex Boswelli, also known as Frankincense, and S Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe). Get your Tenacity today!
Oncolytic viruses are "good" viruses that can specifically infect and kill cancer cells. Scientists at Luxembourg Institute of Health (LIH) are working on the development of new anticancer strategies and cancer treatments based on oncolytic viruses. The rat virus H-1PV is an oncolytic virus able to selectively infect and kill cancer cells, inducing their disintegration ( lysis ). And that stimulates an anticancer immune response, without harming normal healthy tissues. The LIH scientists have elucidated the mechanism through which the H-1PV cancer-destroying virus can attach to and enter cancer cells, thereby causing their lysis and death. "[We] sought to elucidate the features of host cancer cells that enable oncolytic viruses to effectively infect and destroy them, focusing specifically on the factors required for cell attachment and entry," says research leader Antonio Marchini in a press release issued by LIT. A research paper is published in Nature Communications. It indicates that laminins play an important role in how H-1PV kills cancer cells. Lamins are a family of proteins on the surface of a cancer cell to which this virus binds. They act as the 'door' through which oncolytic viruses enter cancer cells. "Essentially, laminins at the surface of the cancer cell are the 'door' that allows the virus to recognise its target, attach itself and penetrate into it, subsequently leading to its destruction. In particular, the virus interacts with a specific portion of the laminin, a sugar called sialic acid, which is essential for this binding and entry process and for infection," explains researcher Amit Kulkarni. The scientists identified 151 genes and their resulting proteins as activators and 89 as repressors of the ability of H-1PV to infect and destroy cancer cells. In laboratory tests, the scientists found that a gene called LAMC1 affects cancer cell resistance to virus-induced death in glioma, cervical, pancreatic, colorectal and lung carcinoma cells. "These observations indicate that elevated laminin expression is associated with poor patient prognosis and survival in a variety of tumours, including gliomas and glioblastoma. The encouraging fact, however, is that cancers displaying high laminin levels are more susceptible to being infected and destroyed by the H-1PV virus and that patients with these tumours are therefore more likely to be responsive to this therapy," adds Marchini. These findings have significant implications for the advancement of virus-based anticancer strategies. They also have implications for the prediction of a patient's response to this innovative therapeutic approach. Further research could lead to the classification of cancer patients in terms of their sensitivity and responsiveness to H-1PV-based anticancer therapies. This will, in turn, allow the design of more efficient clinical trials with reduced costs and approval times. And, ultimately, this could lead to the development of enhanced cancer therapies.
Knowledge workers who flourish in today's society are those who master the skill of deep work. Our technological age is drowning many of us in massive amounts of information. It can be hard to specialize, and even harder to focus. Distractions, competing for your attention, make focus a rare but necessary condition for success. When you're climbing to the peak of your professional career, the last thing you need is to be held back by untapped potential for learning and its application. Practicing the discipline of deep work, with the help of a natural cognitive-enhancing supplement, can take your accomplishments to the next level. The supplement I'm talking about is Synapsa Bacopa. Mother Nature has provided humans with a mental performance enhancer in the form of a natural plant extract. It can enhance cognition, enable memory consolidation, and boost cognitive performance outcomes. It can also help people get ahead of future age-associated memory degradation. Synapsa strengthens the brain's ability to store new information. It works by targeting the hippocampus, which is the part of the brain associated with learning and memory. Below, I provide information to help you become acquainted with Synapsa Bacopa. First, I summarize the science behind the supplement. Then I explain how it works and the benefits of adding it into your routine. The Science of Synapsa Bacopa The studies that I reference below are related to Synapsa Bacopa, which is the most well-studied standardized extract of Bacopa Monnieri. There are other extracts that are less-studied or non-standardized. I don't cover those here. Thrivous has published another article that provides a broad overview of the science behind Bacopa. Over the last 30 years, researchers have begun testing Bacopa on humans. Many earlier studies were on animals. Despite that, ancient ayurvedic medicine has been using Bacopa Monnieri on humans for thousands of years. Their reasons included anxiety, poor memory, and a desire to improve cognition. Modern researchers became interested in testing the effects of Bacopa on humans. The following studies of Bacopa Monnieri are eye-opening. Knowledge workers, whose professions rely on interpreting information, will find the studies particularly interesting. And the most proficient knowledge workers will rethink their performance-optimizing routine, in light of results that demonstrate cognitive enhancement. A 90-day double-blind, placebo-controlled study tested Synapsa Bacopa on spatial working memory. In those taking Bacopa, spatial working memory accuracy increased. 62 study participants finished the study with roughly 80% compliance in treatment. An earlier study tested Synapsa Bacopa on participants with age-associated impairment of memory. Participants did not display any mental illness, disease, or pre-dementia symptoms. Researchers observed improvement in logical memory and mental control. The improvement occurred as early as the fourth week and as late as the eighth week, depending on the participant. A 2012 study had similar results, demonstrating that memory recall increased after supplementing with Synapsa Bacopa. Speed of processing information improved with Synapsa Bacopa consumption, in a study from 2001. And a study conducted years later, in 2013, had results that further back up the previous findings. Benefits of Chronic and Acute Use Whether Bacopa Monnieri is used short- or long-term, there are benefits to be had. Evidence for these benefits is provided by the research mentioned above. Chronic usage of Synapsa provides natural memory support. Improved memory consolidation helps to preserve new information as it's learned. Previous learning becomes more accessible, leading to greater productivity. And higher-order cognitive processes are easier to maintain. Acute usage benefits are achievable on a shorter time scale. Remember how distractions are on the rise? Well, acute usage combats distractibility. With less distractibility, and improved information processing, greater mental performance is achieved quickly. Some knowledge workers equate greater focus with a flow state. In flow state, higher conscious awareness enables deeper attention to the work at hand. Being in flow state is often crucial for the most advanced forms of knowledge work. Think of Bacopa Monnieri as a hack to achieve flow state more easily. Synapsa Bacopa can help knowledge workers thrive. Maybe you're aiming to get tenure. Or maybe you're working to write more code or publish more articles than ever before. The cognitive benefits of Bacopa Monnieri accord well with any knowledge worker goals. How to Buy Synapsa Bacopa For a boost in cognitive performance, Synapsa Bacopa is the way to go. It supports cognitive health and enhances mental performance. And, in particular, it can improve memory. The benefits make Synapsa an excellent elixir for the modern knowledge worker. Thrivous sells Synapsa Bacopa in Clarity Daily Nootropic. Clarity also provides L Theanine, Rhodiola Rosea, Vitamin B Complex, and Zinc Picolinate. The advanced nootropic formula is designed to provide a sustainable boost to knowledge worker performance. Get Clarity today!
Intellia Therapeutics and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, two biotech companies, have announced clinical data supporting the safety and efficacy of in vivo CRISPR genome editing in humans. “These are the first ever clinical data suggesting that we can precisely edit target cells within the body to treat genetic disease with a single intravenous infusion of CRISPR,'' says Intellia President and Chief Executive Officer John Leonard in a press release issued by the two companies. “With these data, we believe we are truly opening a new era of medicine.” Preliminary data from an ongoing Phase 1 clinical study of NTLA-2001 have been presented at the 2021 Peripheral Nerve Society Annual Meeting. NTLA-2001 is a genome editing candidate that is being developed as a single-dose treatment for transthyretin (ATTR) amyloidosis. The patients who participate in the trial receive a single dose of NTLA-2001 via intravenous administration. ATTR amyloidosis is a life-threatening disease characterized by progressive accumulation of misfolded transthyretin (TTR) protein in tissues, predominantly the nerves and heart. ATTR amyloidosis is a progressive and fatal disease that usually requires chronic, lifelong treatment. But now we can hope that a single injection of a CRISPR drug could treat this and other genetic diseases. A study is published in The New England Journal of Medicine. It reports that, in a small group of patients who participated in the trial, administration of NTLA-2001 had only mild adverse effects and led to decreases in the concentration of the TTR protein. A single 0.3 mg/kg dose of NTLA-2001 led to 87% mean reduction of TTR. A commentary is published in Science. It notes that, so far, CRISPR treatments required removing cells from a patient, modifying them with CRISPR in the lab, and then putting them back into the body. But in this case, a medical first, a non-personalized CRISPR drug injected in the blood has “nearly shut off production of toxic protein by their livers.” Another commentary is published in Nature News. It notes that the preliminary results of “this landmark clinical trial suggest that CRISPR–Cas9 gene editing can be deployed directly into the body to treat disease.” The ability “to edit genes directly in the body would open the door to treating a wider range of diseases.” “Thanks to large-scale human genetics research, there have been many new genetic targets identified and confirmed to have an impact on human health,” says George D. Yancopoulos, President and Chief Scientific Officer of Regeneron. “Combining this knowledge with the precision and enhanced convenience of a single CRISPR infusion unlocks new possibilities in treating - and potentially even curing - life-threatening and historically difficult-to-address diseases.” CRISPR pioneers Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna have been awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for discovering “one of gene technology’s sharpest tools.” These new results suggest that we ain’t seen nothing yet. CRISPR is sharper than some may have thought, and could have a really world-changing impact.
Caffeine is known to have positive effects on physical and mental performance. Like most people in my part of the world, I ingest caffeine in the form of cups of coffee, without which I couldn’t live. Drinking coffee is less popular in other parts of the world. And not everyone likes coffee. However, more and more scientific studies recommend caffeine supplements in the form of energy drinks and pills. The positive impact of caffeine intake on intense exercise performance is confirmed by a study published in the October 2020 issue of European Journal of Nutrition. The researchers have investigated the effect of caffeine ingestion on whole-body oxidation during one hour of cycling at the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation (Fatmax). Twelve healthy participants performed two experimental trials after ingesting either caffeine (3 mg/kg) or a placebo (cellulose). Energy expenditure, fat oxidation rate, and carbohydrate oxidation rate were continuously measured during the trials. The results of the study suggest that a moderate dose of caffeine (3 mg/kg) increases the amount of fat oxidized during one hour of cycling at Fatmax. Therefore, caffeine might be used as an effective strategy to enhance body fat utilization. The researchers note, however, that caffeine can have unwanted side effects in people with hypertension or high sensitivity to caffeine. The effects of caffeine on muscle oxygen saturation during exercise of increasing intensity is analyzed in a study published in the November 2019 issue of British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. Thirteen healthy and active participants performed two experimental trials after ingesting, also in this case, either caffeine (3 mg/kg) or a placebo (cellulose). After waiting for one hour to absorb the substances, the participants used an exercise bicycle at increasing intensity with sensors (near infrared spectrometers) attached to the legs to continuously monitor oxygen saturation. Blood lactate concentration was measured 1 min after the end of the exercise test. It is an indicator of fatigue within exercising muscles. The results of the study indicate that ingestion of 3 mg/kg of caffeine improved peak aerobic performance and increased peak pulmonary ventilation. The results of the study also suggest that caffeine might have the ability to enhance oxygen availability in the muscles, and thus boost endurance performance. The researchers note that the well-known ability of caffeine to enhance physical performance and wakefulness has favored the inclusion of this stimulant in several over-the-counter medications and dietary supplements. Caffeine, which has the capacity to improve performance and increase endurance in a wide-variety of exercise activities when ingested at low-to-moderate doses (3–9 mg/kg body mass), is used by about 80 percent of competitive athletes. However, the physiological origin of the positive effects of caffeine is still poorly understood. And this motivates more research. Thrivous develops Surge Acute Nootropic to enhance energy and focus, when you need it most. Each serving of Surge provides 100 mg Caffeine, combined with L Theanine and Panax Ginseng. The combination provides additional cognitive benefits while boosting energy. Surge is available online in the Thrivous store.
Researchers at UC San Diego have re-created a bird's song by reading the song from the bird’s brain. This provides proof of concept that complex natural behaviors can be directly synthesized from ongoing brain activity. The research is applicable to the development of general purpose brain-machine interfaces. A study is published in Current Biology. It describes how the researchers were able to reproduce the songbird's complex vocalizations down to the pitch, volume, and timbre of the original. The study is a first step towards developing vocal prostheses for humans who have lost the ability to speak. "The current state of the art in communication prosthetics is implantable devices that allow you to generate textual output, writing up to 20 words per minute," says lead researcher Timothy Gentner in a press release issued by UC San Diego. "Now imagine a vocal prosthesis that enables you to communicate naturally with speech, saying out loud what you're thinking nearly as you're thinking it. That is our ultimate goal, and it is the next frontier in functional recovery." The researchers implanted silicon electrodes in male adult zebra finches. And they monitored the birds' neural activity while singing. Specifically, they recorded the electrical activity of multiple populations of neurons in the part of the birds’ brain that ultimately controls the muscles responsible for singing. Then the researchers used a machine learning system to create computer-generated copies of actual zebra finch songs based on the birds' neural activity. Instead of directly translating patterns of neural activity into patterns of sounds, the researchers translated the neural patterns into the physical changes in pressure and tension that happen in the vocal organs of singing birds. The researchers now plan to demonstrate that their system can reconstruct birdsong from neural activity in real time. When singing, birds make adjustments based on what they just heard themselves singing. This is also the case of humans when they speak. And, therefore, speech prostheses must be able to process human brain feedback in real time. A successful vocal prosthesis, explains Gentner, will ultimately need to work on a timescale that is similarly fast and also intricate enough to accommodate the entire feedback loop, including making adjustments for errors. The research is a cross-collaborative effort between engineers and neuroscientists at UC San Diego. "With our collaboration," concludes Gentner, "we are leveraging 40 years of research in birds to build a speech prosthesis for humans - a device that would not simply convert a person's brain signals into a rudimentary set of whole words but give them the ability to make any sound, and so any word, they can imagine, freeing them to communicate whatever they wish."
You know that eating a balanced diet and exercising regularly are part of a healthy lifestyle to protect your heart. But what if there was more you could do to enhance healthy heart function? Recent studies have shown that taking garlic and fish oil together may have a positive effect on cholesterol and heart health. Taking the two supplements together has a different effect than taking them alone. If you are considering starting a fish oil and garlic oil supplement regimen, you should know the facts. Keep reading to find out more about the research on its effect on heart health. Improve Cholesterol In 2005, a study was published in the Indian Heart Journa l about the positive effects of garlic oil and fish oil together. The findings suggest that after 60 days of garlic and fish oil, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) went down. Meanwhile, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) rose by over 5%. The study population showed improvement in cholesterol levels after only 60 days of 600 mg of fish oil and 500 mg of garlic oil. The study subjects made no other changes to their diet. Their results were better than the control group. In another study published by the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, a group of men with high cholesterol started a fish and garlic supplement regimen. In this study, there were control groups taking garlic oil alone and fish oil alone. The men taking fish and garlic oil together experienced the most dramatic results. Their HDL cholesterol ("good cholesterol") improved over the 12-week study period. The other groups taking fish oil or garlic oil alone saw some improvements too but the placebo group had no changes to cholesterol levels. Triglyceride Levels Having a healthy level of triglycerides in your blood can support heart health, especially in older adults. National Institutes of Health have been researching how to help individuals keep healthy levels. A study in the Journal of the National Medical Association tested the effects of fish and garlic supplements together in 40 research subjects. At the end of the study, they found that the combination of fish and garlic improved lipid subfractions within only 1 month. The largest effect of the study was the change in triglycerides. Garlic and fish oil also act as anti-inflammatories to reduce swelling in the body. Taking Garlic and Fish Oil Together There are promising research findings on the effects of garlic and fish oil on heart health. If you are a healthy adult who wants help supporting normal cholesterol levels, you may want to consider this combination. There are no known negative reactions from taking garlic and fish oil together. But you should always talk to your doctor before starting a supplement regimen. Supporting your heart health is one of the best things you can do for overall physical well-being. If you are interested in a heart health supplement with garlic and omega-3 fatty acids, check out Thrivous Omega Cardioprotector.
Scientists at University of Louvain in Belgium have found a way to use a well-known omega-3 fatty acid ( DHA, found mainly in fish) to disintegrate solid tumors within a few days. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is highly relevant to crucial brain function, vision, and the regulation of inflammatory phenomena. And DHA has now been found to be associated with a reduction in the incidence of cancer. A study is published in Cell Metabolism. It sheds light on the biochemical mechanism that allows DHA and other related fatty acids to slow the development of tumors. "We soon found that certain fatty acids stimulated the tumor cells while others killed them," the scientists explain in a press release issued by University of Louvain. Cells in an acidic microenvironment (acidosis) within tumors replace glucose with lipids as an energy source in order to multiply. These cells are very aggressive and acquire the ability to leave the original tumor to generate metastases. The scientists have discovered that these acidotic tumor cells responded in diametrically opposite ways depending on the fatty acid they were absorbing. DHA literally poisons tumor cells via a phenomenon called ferroptosis, a type of cell death linked to the peroxidation of certain fatty acids. The press release is accompanied by a press kit with explanations, presentations, and videos. Besides studying cells in the lab, the scientists also administered a DHA-enriched diet to mice with tumors. The result: tumor development was significantly slowed compared to that in mice on a conventional diet. Hungry for fatty acids, tumor cells in acidosis gorge themselves on DHA. But they are unable to store it correctly. And they literally poison themselves and die as a result. Cancer cells store fatty acids in lipid droplets, in which the fatty acids are protected from oxidation. But in the presence of a large amount of DHA, the tumor cell is overwhelmed and cannot store the DHA, which oxidizes and leads to cell death. By using a lipid metabolism inhibitor that prevents the formation of lipid droplets, the scientists were able to amplify this effect. This confirms the identified mechanism and opens the door to combined treatment possibilities. The Belgian TV and news service RTBF covers this study as “a major discovery.” This study shows the value of DHA in fighting cancer. “These data point out dietary PUFA as a selective adjuvant antitumor modality that may efficiently complement pharmacological approaches,” states the Cell Metabolism study. PUFA stands for polyunsaturated fatty acids such as DHA. “The well-established link between tumor acidosis and disease progression, including through increased invasiveness, drug resistance, and immune escape,” makes dietary PUFA supplements “a particularly relevant strategy to be implemented,” the scientists suggested, as reported by Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. "For an adult, it's recommended to consume at least 250 mg of DHA per day,” say the scientists. “But studies show that our diet provides on average only 50 to 100 mg per day. This is well below the minimum recommended intake."
Researchers at Francis Crick Institute have identified a protein that helps tumors evade the immune system. And, in certain types of cancers, it is linked to a poorer chance of survival. The protein could become a target for future cancer treatments. "The interaction between tumour cells, the surrounding environment and the immune system is a complex picture," says lead researcher Caetano Reis e Sousa in a press release issued by Francis Crick Institute. "And although immunotherapies have revolutionised the way certain cancers are treated, there's still a lot to understand about who is most likely to benefit." "It's exciting to find a previously unknown mechanism for how our body recognises and tackles tumours. This opens new avenues for developing drugs that increase the number of patients with different types of cancer who might benefit from innovative immunotherapies." A study is published in Cell. It reports that the researchers identified a protein called secreted gelsolin. It is present in blood plasma and is also secreted by cancer cells. Dendritic cells hold debris from dead cancer cells on their surface to signal the presence of a tumor to nearby T-cells. But secreted gelsolin blocks a receptor inside dendritic cells, preventing them from alerting the killer T-cells of the immune system, which would kill the cancer cells if alerted. With no instruction passed to the T-cells, the tumors avoid their killer response. "Dendritic cells play a vital role in the immune system and our body's response to cancer," explains researcher Evangelos Giampazolias. "Understanding this process in more detail will enable us to identify how cancers are able to hide and how we might remove their disguise." The researchers analyzed clinical data and samples from patients with 10 different types of cancer. They found that individuals with liver, head, neck, and stomach cancers, who had lower levels of secreted gelsolin in their tumours, had higher chances of survival. They also found that blocking the action of secreted gelsolin in mice with cancer increased their response to treatments including checkpoint inhibitors, a major immunotherapy. "While secreted gelsolin circulates in healthy blood plasma, some cancer cells secrete really high levels of it - so these tumours are launching an anti-immune defence which helps them avoid killer T-cells," explains researcher Oliver Schulz. The researchers are persuaded that reducing levels of secreted gelsolin will allow dendritic cells to communicate their vital message that allows the immune system to fight cancer. So they plan to develop a potential therapy that targets the secreted gelsolin in cancer cells without affecting the activity of this protein in other parts of the body. While curing cancer remains elusive, this research result shows that we are making slow but steady progress in uncovering the biology of cancer. And it encourages hope that effective general purpose cancer therapies will be eventually found.
Are you looking for supplements that are proven to deliver cognitive enhancement? For many people, ensuring they retain mental sharpness and agility is crucial to a good quality of life. Appropriate supplements may make a noticeable difference to levels of concentration and focus, potentially improving performance on a one-off or daily basis. Studies show that, if chosen carefully, supplements may not only enhance mental performance, they may also guard against the negative effects of aging. High-quality supplements that have been shown to enhance cognitive performance are known as nootropics. Nootropics Offer Numerous Benefits A supplement may contain a single nootropic substance, or consist of nootropic stacks. Stacks are two or more nootropic compounds in a single supplement. In this article, we'll take an in-depth look at L Theanine. It's a popular nootropic that has been the subject of a considerable amount of research. And a new clinical study of its effects has recently been published. I'll explain what L Theanine is. And I'll summarize some previous studies which have shown its benefits. I'll also discuss the new study, which shows that L Theanine may cause a noticeable improvement in some aspects of cognition. And I'll conclude with some information about premium L Theanine supplements that are currently on the market. What is L Theanine? The L Theanine nootropic is an amino acid that is most commonly found in Gyokuro and Matcha green tea varieties (Camellia Sinensis). It's also found in some mushrooms. Modern technology enables us to extract and isolate L Theanine for use in dietary supplements. Background Research on L Theanine A number of studies have shown L Theanine to have a positive effect on brain function. Specifically, it may help to maintain normal sleep patterns, alleviate stress and its effects, and improve a person's overall mood. Studies have also suggested that L Theanine may help to reduce the negative effects of aging on the brain. Improving Memory and Attention A 2011 study looked at the impact of green tea extract and L Theanine on memory and attention. After a single dose of L Theanine, an electroencephalogram found increased brain theta waves (an indicator of alertness) in the temporal, frontal, parietal, and occipital regions of the brain. Reducing Stress A 2016 study measured the impact of L Theanine in rats after weaning and water immersion stress. Corticosteroid (the stress hormone) levels in the rats that had received L Theanine were measured and shown to be lower than those in the rats that had received a placebo. Stress also impaired object memory recognition in the rats that had not received L Theanine. The scientists completing the study concluded that L Theanine had modified corticosteroid secretion and this was responsible for the preventative impact seen. Enhancing Learning Ability Recent studies have also shown that L Theanine can improve memory. One study found that the ability of L Theanine to improve learning and working memory was largely due to its ability to regulate Glutamate (Glutamic acid). Glutamate (also known as ethyl l glutamine) is one of the main chemical compounds that control brain plasticity, learning, and memory. Improving Mood A 2011 study found that L Theanine may help to improve mood and cognitive functioning, following stressful events. For some people, L Theanine may assist in enabling them to move forward after a period of low mood or difficult circumstances. New Study on L Theanine A new study on L Theanine involved 69 Japanese men and women. They reported declining cognitive function. But they were otherwise considered healthy. Of the 69 test subjects, 17 were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria. The requirements were an MMSE score of over 24, no other medical interventions, and the absence of food allergies. Study Design The study was double-blind and used a randomized placebo-controlled method. The intervention group received one capsule containing a 100.6 mg dose of L Theanine every day for 12 weeks. The control group received a corn starch capsule every day for 12 weeks. Neither the study designers nor the participants were aware of whether they were receiving the intervention or the placebo. In addition, the subjects did not take any other supplements or medications that are known to have an impact on cognitive function over the duration of the study, The impact of a single dose and a 12-week course of L Theanine were evaluated. Single-Dose Results Cognitrax testing showed that, after a single dose of L Theanine, reaction times improved. This indicates that a single dose of L Theanine is sufficient to improve attention. The quality of working memory also improved after a single dose of L Theanine. Correct responses were significantly higher and omission errors were significantly lower in the group that had taken the L Theanine, compared to the placebo group. Long-Term Results When evaluated at 12 weeks, the effects of L Theanine seen after a single dose were enhanced. This suggests that there is a long-term benefit to taking L Theanine regularly. Impact of the New Study Previous studies have suggested that those who drink green tea on a regular basis have greater cognitive well-being than those who do not. For example, a previous study observed that a dose of 50.3 mg of L Theanine with caffeine could lead to an improvement in attention. This latest study shows that L Theanine, acting on its own as a single nootropic substance, can benefit cognitive health. Although studies have demonstrated synergistic benefits from L Theanine and caffeine, the current study suggests that caffeine isn't required for some positive effects of L Theanine to occur. Alpha-Wave Activity Previous studies have shown that L Theanine increases the activity of alpha brain waves. Further, they've shown that the ingestion of 250 mg of L Theanine led to increased sustained attention in a visuospatial task. The study concluded that L Theanine may enhance the brain's alpha wave activity. The current study supports the conclusions drawn by the previous study regarding the effect of L Theanine on attention. Scientists are now looking to further investigate this link, using neurophysical techniques to help determine how long-term ingestion of L Theanine affects nervous system activity. It may be that L Theanine improves working memory through movement of the focus of attention and distribution of attention resources. Separate Evaluation It is difficult to evaluate the impact of L Theanine on working memory and attention separately because the two functions are interrelated. Scientists are hopeful that further high-quality studies into each of these functions will help to determine exactly how L Theanine is working in the brain to improve these functions. Practical Implications Together, the new study and previous studies show that L Theanine has a positive impact on brain function. Anecdotally, these improvements have been seen in drinkers of green tea. This suggests that the impact of L Theanine is not entirely dose-dependent. Even small doses on a regular or irregular basis may improve cognitive function. The single-dose improvements seen with L Theanine are of particular interest to people who need to demonstrate peak mental performance on a single occasion. This would apply to students who are taking exams or people undergoing job testing. This is an exciting area for future research. With so many proven benefits, it's clear that L Theanine may improve the lives of individuals who take a suitable supplement regularly. Thrivous Thrivous is leading the way in making L Theanine supplements accessible to the public. The company has been developing high quality L Theanine supplements since 2016, in response to studies that demonstrate this supplement may provide cognitive enhancement. The Clarity Daily Nootropic capsule includes Bacopa Monnieri, L Theanine, Rhodiola Rosea, Vitamin B Complex, and Zinc Picolinate. It's designed to assist in enhancing mental clarity, memory, focus, mood, and brain health. For mental rejuvenation while you sleep, Thrivous recommends Serenity Nightly Nootropic. It's a powerful nootropic stack that includes Melatonin, L Theanine, and Magnesium Glycinate. The nutrients in this supplement have been scientifically proven to help people relax, fall asleep faster, and sleep better. When you need an immediate boost to concentration, focus, and task execution, Surge Acute Nootropic could be just the thing. It's formulated with L Theanine and Caffeine, for quick transport across the blood-brain barrier. This nootropic is intended to provide a fast-acting solution. Visit the Thrivous store for access to premium nootropics that could make a real difference to your cognitive health and performance.
Researchers at University of Zurich, ETH Zurich, and University Hospital Zurich have developed a compact, energy-efficient device made from artificial neurons. It is capable of decoding brain waves in biological brains. The chip uses data recorded from the brain waves of epilepsy patients to identify which regions of the brain cause epileptic seizures. This opens up new perspectives for treatment. "Our design allows us to recognize spatiotemporal patterns in biological signals in real time," says research leader Giacomo Indiveri in a press release issued by University of Zurich. A paper is published in Nature Communications. It describes a chip based on neuromorphic technology that reliably and accurately recognizes complex biosignals. Neuromorphic technology, based on brain-inspired computer system architectures, is a promising new approach that bridges the gap between artificial and natural intelligence. Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms have produced spectacular results. However, the hardware used to run AI algorithms still requires too much processing power. Therefore, AI systems cannot yet compete with an actual brain when it comes to processing sensory information or interactions with the environment in real time. The researchers have designed and built a hardware and software neuromorphic system. It includes a neural recording headstage and a neural network to analyze the resulting brainwaves. The system is compact and embeddable. And it's suitable for applications such as real-time recording and processing of brain waves, which cannot rely on cloud computing solutions.The paper reports that the researchers used this technology to successfully detect promising biomarkers for identifying the brain tissue that causes epileptic seizures. The neural network software runs in a fingernail-sized piece of hardware that receives neural signals by means of electrodes. Unlike conventional computers, it is massively energy efficient. This makes calculations with a very high temporal resolution possible, without relying on the internet or cloud computing. "A portable or implantable chip such as this could identify periods with a higher or lower rate of incidence of seizures, which would enable us to deliver personalized medicine,” says researcher Johannes Sarnthein. The researchers are now planning to use their findings to create an electronic system that reliably recognizes and monitors epilectic seizures in real-time. When used as an additional diagnostic tool in operating theaters, the system could improve the outcome of neurosurgical interventions. The long-term target of this research is to develop a device for monitoring epilepsy that could be used outside of the hospital. That would make it possible to analyze signals from a large number of electrodes over several weeks or months. "We want to integrate low-energy, wireless data communications in the design - to connect it to a cellphone, for example," says Indiveri. The press release and the research paper don’t speculate on possible applications of this new technology to general purpose brain-computer interfaces. But the idea jumps to mind.
Researchers at Washington University have found that people who recovered from a mild case of COVID-19 are left with long-term antibody protection against the disease. Months after infection, their immune cells keep producing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. "Last fall, there were reports that antibodies wane quickly after infection with the virus that causes COVID-19, and mainstream media interpreted that to mean that immunity was not long-lived," says lead researcher Ali Ellebedy in a press release issued by Washington University. "But that's a misinterpretation of the data. It's normal for antibody levels to go down after acute infection, but they don't go down to zero; they plateau. Here, we found antibody-producing cells in people 11 months after first symptoms. These cells will live and produce antibodies for the rest of people's lives. That's strong evidence for long-lasting immunity." Antibodies, proteins that can recognize and help to inactivate viral particles, are a key immune defense. A paper published in Nature describes a study that tracked antibody levels in blood samples from COVID-19 survivors. The researchers found that the bone marrow of the participants in the study who had had COVID-19 contained antibody-producing cells specifically targeting the virus that causes COVID-19. Such cells could still be found four months later, ensuring duration of immunity and suggesting the possibility of long term immunity. The participants in the study who had never had COVID-19 didn’t have antibody-producing cells in their bone marrow. "People with mild cases of COVID-19 clear the virus from their bodies two to three weeks after infection, so there would be no virus driving an active immune response seven or 11 months after infection," explains Ellebedy. "These cells are not dividing. They are quiescent, just sitting in the bone marrow and secreting antibodies. They have been doing that ever since the infection resolved, and they will continue doing that indefinitely." A commentary also published in Nature explains that bone marrow plasma cells hide away in bones, producing antibodies for decades. In those who participated in the Washington University study, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies plummeted in the four months after infection, as expected. But this decline slowed, and up to 11 months after infection, the researchers could still detect antibodies and immune memories that recognized the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. The researchers are now studying whether vaccination also induces long-lived antibody-producing cells. The researchers observed early signs that Pfizer’s mRNA vaccine should trigger the production of the same cells, as reported by the Nature commentary. But the persistence of antibody production, whether elicited by vaccination or by infection, does not ensure long-lasting immunity to COVID-19. The ability of some emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants to blunt the protective effects of antibodies means that additional immunizations may be needed to restore levels, says Ellebedy. “My presumption is, we will need a booster,” concludes Ellebedy.
Did you know that over 80% of the elderly say they could benefit from increased joint comfort? Improved joint comfort during aging is an attainable goal. But don't wait to get started. By using a joint supplement, you can enhance joint comfort and function. With better joint health, you can maintain your quality of life even while getting older. ApresFlex, a joint supporting plant extract, is an ingredient in the best joint supplement from Thrivous. The ingredients in this supplement have been proven to provide joint comfort and reduced inflammation. Read on to learn more about the best joint supplement on the market today! What Is Boswellia Serrata? Boswellia Serrata is a plant native to Pakistan and India. It produces Indian frankincense, an aromatic resin. Boswellia Serrata also contains boswellic acid. Indian traditional medicine uses boswellic acid for connective tissue health and blood sugar regulation. Modern science has also studied its effects on joint function, comfort, and mobility. What Is ApresFlex? ApresFlex is a form of Boswellia Serrata resin for joint support. It was formulated by Laila Nutra and PLT Health solutions. It’s the most bioavailable collection of boswellic acids on the market. The bioavailability of supplements refers to their absorbability. So this means that these acids are easily absorbable by the body, making them more effective than other Boswellia extracts. It’s worth noting that Laila Nutra supports the culture and environment in which Boswellia Serrata is grown. Every year, they plant frankincense trees in India. Furthermore, they maintain the safe and fair treatment of tree harvesters. What Are the Benefits of ApresFlex? ApresFlex is one of the best-selling joint health ingredients, supporting bone, muscle, and joint health. ApresFlex supports sports performance by reducing inflammation from exercise. This means you can get back in the gym faster and feel better. Furthermore, it supports healthy aging by making your joints feel better, allowing you to keep moving well. Joint comfort and flexibility help you manage your weight, stay active, and keep a good quality of life for longer. A Joint Supplement Backed by Science These statements have not been evaluated by the food and drug administration. However, ApresFlex is approved for consumption. Several double-blind clinical studies support the use of ApresFlex to enhance joint function. ApresFlex has been shown to improve joint comfort in as little as five days, with 100 mg doses. The following studies evaluate the use of Aflapin, the previous name for ApresFlex. In one placebo-controlled clinical study, thirty subjects were given a Boswellia Serrata extract. Thirty others were given a placebo for thirty days. Periodically, each subject had their joint comfort, function, and mobility measured. Results were clear within only five days. The Boswellia Serrata subjects experienced significantly greatly improved joint health. This study supports the fact that Boswellia Serrata works beyond the placebo effect. It can effectively support and cushion joints during the aging process. Further studies have tested the effectiveness of the Boswellia Serrata on joint comfort. Sixty subjects took different formulations of the extract for three months. Within seven days, patients reported improved mobility and better joint function. Every formulation of Boswellia Serrata showed similar results. The subjects had significantly fewer inflammatory factors and better joint health. They also exhibited increased flexibility after 90 days. These studies are only a small sample of the research on ApresFlex. ApresFlex is proven as an effective supplement for joint comfort, function, and anti-inflammatory response. How Can You Supplement With ApresFlex? ApresFlex is a primary ingredient in Thrivous Tenacity Arthroprotector. Tenacity is the best joint supplement on the market, enhancing joint and bone function for better aging. Tenacity includes the standard 100 mg of ApresFlex in each dose, packaged in vegetarian capsules. In addition, it includes turmeric and black pepper extract. Both turmeric and black pepper are proven to support connective tissues and muscles. Some evidence also suggests that they can help with cardiovascular health, but these results are less conclusive. Tenacity also includes vitamin D and vitamin K, essential nutrients for joint health. Vitamin K supports healthy bone function. Most people think their bones stop growing after childhood, but this is not true! They are constantly breaking down and rebuilding. Proper vitamins and supplements are essential to keeping bones strong and healthy. Still more people think they don’t need to supplement with vitamin D because they spend enough time in the sun. However, vitamin D supplements have been shown to reduce fall risk in the elderly. They also support blood pressure, bone function, and joint health. Tenacity also includes SAMe, or S-Adenosyl Methionine. SAMe supports joint function and comfort, in addition to brain health. SAMe also transforms fatty acids so they are more easily metabolized. By combining all these supplements, Thrivous Tenacity Athroprotector makes one of the most comprehensive joint support vitamins. These products are not intended to treat medical conditions, simply to support and enhance body functions during the aging process. It’s important that you always consult with your physician before starting a new supplement. Be Proactive About Your Joint Health Today! Hopefully, this article has given you a sense of how effective Boswellia Serrata is for joint health. Especially when combined with other nutrients, ApresFlex is one of the best ways to take control of your joints. 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Researchers at UC Los Angeles have identified the “words” that immune cells use to call up immune defense genes. This is an important step toward understanding the “language” that immune cells use to communicate. “In the midst of billions of cells, a particular cell can rapidly make complex decisions and send signals that direct the efforts of many other cells to make our bodies work in amazing ways,” notes doctor Jon Lieff. His book on cellular communication, The Secret Language of Cells, has been highly praised. Cells talk among themselves all the time. In particular, white blood cells, red blood cells, cancer cells, and the natural killer cells of the immune system engage in cellular communications that determine health and disease. "Cells have evolved an immune response code, or language," says senior researcher Alexander Hoffmann in a press release issued by UC Los Angeles. "We have identified some words in that language, and we know these words are important because of what happens when they are misused. Now we need to understand the meaning of the words, and we are making rapid progress. It's as exciting as when archaeologists discovered the Rosetta stone and could begin to read Egyptian hieroglyphs." Many diseases are known to be related to miscommunication in cells. But, according to the researchers, this study is the first to recognize that immune cells employ a language, to identify words in that language, and to demonstrate what can happen after a mistake. A study is published in Immunity. It reports that the researchers analyzed how more than 12,000 cells communicate in response to 27 immune threat conditions. Using an algorithm originally developed for the telecommunications industry, the scientists found six words that tended to show up when white blood cells of the immune system called macrophages responded to threat. "The macrophage is capable of responding to different types of pathogens and mounting different kinds of defenses,” explains Hoffman. "For each immune threat, the right groups of genes must be mobilized.” Then the researchers used a machine learning algorithm to model the immune response of macrophages. And they concluded that all six words are required for reliable cellular communication. An important finding is that, in an autoimmune disease known as Sjögren's syndrome, two of the words of the cellular communication language are used incorrectly. This activates the wrong genes and triggers the disease. "Indeed, we found defects in the use of two of these words," says Hoffmann. "It's as if instead of saying, 'Respond to attacker down the street,' the cells are incorrectly saying, 'Respond to attacker in the house.'" This suggests that Sjögren's syndrome doesn't result from chronic inflammation, as long thought. But rather it may result from a word confusion that leads to inappropriate gene activation, causing the body to attack itself. The next step will be to find ways of correcting the confused word choices.
A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of turmeric extract on inflammation and muscle damage after a half-marathon race of about 13 miles. Turmeric is a widely used spice that exhibits potent anti-inflammatory response. And it appears to decrease the muscle damage induced by strenuous exercise. As a consequence of strenuous exercise, people can experience impaired neuromuscular function, greater oxidative stress, inflammation, reduced range of motion, muscle soreness, and muscle damage. Strategies able to attenuate the exacerbated inflammatory response caused by strenuous exercise are becoming increasingly popular. Among them, nutritional supplements with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties have been widely consumed for this purpose. In previous studies, curcumin was shown to attenuate inflammation, to prevent muscle damage, and to reduce the pain associated with muscle soreness after intense exercise, which favors recovery of muscle performance. Curcumin is a substance extracted from turmeric with powerful anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The trial is described in a study published in European Journal of Applied Physiology. It involved twenty-eight healthy, normal-weight men. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups: turmeric extract (3 capsules per day, 500 mg each) placebo (3 capsules per day, 500 mg of microcrystalline cellulose) The participants received either turmeric extract or placebo for 4 weeks. And researchers measured markers of muscle damage, such as creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, myoglobin, and interleukins 6 and 10. Measurements were taken before, immediately after, and at 2, 24, and 48 hours after a half-marathon race. The half-marathon race increased markers of inflammation and muscle damage. A greater increase in interleukin-10 was observed in the participants who received turmeric extract immediately after the competition, compared to the participants who received placebo. Myoglobin concentration was lower 2 hours after the race in the participants who received turmeric extract, compared to the participants who received placebo. Interleukin-10 is an anti-inflammatory cytokine that acts by suppressing the activation and function of immune cells after an initial inflammatory response is established. Increased interleukin-10 concentration can accelerate the inflammatory recovery process. Myoglobin is one of the intramuscular proteins used to monitor muscle damage. The conclusion of the study is that turmeric extract supplementation leads to an increase in interleukin-10 and a decrease in myoglobin in recreational male runners after a half-marathon race. Both these results indicate a positive impact of turmeric extract supplementation on the participants. The researchers acknowledge that the limitations of this study include the inclusion of a specific population group (healthy, normal-weight men) and the performance of only one type of physical activity (half-marathon race), which is a very intense one. Further research is needed to investigate the effects of turmeric extract supplementation in other population groups (e.g., women, older adults, and individuals with obesity) performing different types of physical activity (e.g., resistance or aerobic exercise training and other sports). Thrivous provides a clinical dose of turmeric curcumin in each serving of Tenacity Arthroprotector. Tenacity also includes complementary nutrients to enhance joint and bone function. And, like all Thrivous supplements, Tenacity passes through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Tenacity is available to purchase via the Thrivous website.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has released Omega Cardioprotector Formula 2. Omega is an advanced geroprotector supplement that Thrivous develops to enhance heart function and circulation for better aging. Omega formula 2 combines geroprotector nutrients with the highest levels of evidence and the greatest magnitudes of effect, based on available science. Nutrients include the following: Omega 3 Lysine Complex French Maritime Pine Bark Extract Garlic Bulb Extract Centella Asiatica (Gotu Kola) Extract Olive Leaf Extract Omega 3 Lysine Complex Each serving of Omega formula 2 provides a clinical dose of Omega 3 with a high ratio of EPA in a Lysine Complex. Emerging scientific evidence suggests that a high ratio of EPA may be superior to other forms of Omega 3 for supporting and enhancing heart function. And a human study demonstrates that the EPA in Omega 3 Lysine Complex is five times more bioavailable than the EPA in traditional fish oil soft gels. Thrivous Omega formula 2 provides the AvailOm® brand of Omega 3 Lysine Complex. This is the material that scientists used in the human study that demonstrated superior bioavailability. In addition, the material has longer effective shelf life. And the material has no fishy smell or taste. French Maritime Pine Bark Extract Each serving of Omega formula 2 provides a clinical dose French Maritime Pine Bark Extract. French Maritime Pine Bark is among the most well-studied dietary supplements. It has particularly strong evidence for enhancing circulation. Thrivous Omega formula 2 provides the Oligopin® brand of French Maritime Pine Bark Extract. Scientists used this material in a recent placebo-controlled human study that demonstrated support for cardiovascular health. A recent comparative study also demonstrated that the Oligopin extract has a better safety profile than alternative extracts of French Maritime Pine Bark. Additional Nutrients for the Heart and Circulation Each serving of Omega formula 2 provides clinical doses of Garlic Bulb Extract and Centella Asiatica (Gotu Kola) Extract. The Garlic Bulb Extract is standardized to 1% allicin to support healthy cholesterol. And the Centella Asiatica Extract is standardized to 80% triterpene to enhance circulation. Multiple controlled human studies have demonstrated the efficacy of these extracts. In addition, each serving of Omega formula 2 provides a low dose of Olive Leaf Extract standardized to 20% oleuropein. Higher doses generally provide greater cardiovascular benefit. However, studies indicate that benefits already begin at low doses. And the formula permitted inclusion of a low dose in each serving without increasing capsule size or count. Exceptional Science and Quality "I'm proud of the new Omega formula," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "It provides high quality nutrients at the leading edge of nutritional science. And the price per dose is truly exceptional. It's not the cheapest. But it's by far the most cost-effective option on the market anywhere in the world, to the best of my knowledge." Geroprotectors are longevity technology. They support healthy aging and promote life extension. In pursuit of its mission, Thrivous develops advanced geroprotector supplements with science-backed doses of the most effective nutrients, open-source formulas, and rigorous quality control. Omega is one of several geroprotectors that Thrivous develops. Thrivous develops its formulas based on the best scientific evidence from multiple human studies – the gold standard of health science. In consultation with their advisor board of physicians and scientists, they perform extensive analysis of decades of clinical research from scientists around the world. Their algorithms rank hundreds of nutrients by parameters that include evidence, safety, and efficacy. They develop formulas around only the best nutrients and doses. And they publish summaries of clinical studies to help customers make the best decision. Thrivous supplements pass through three rounds of rigorous quality control. Suppliers test each nutrient for identity, potency, and safety from harmful microbes and heavy metals. Third-party labs test each nutrient again to double-check quality and safety before manufacturing. Manufacturing follows strict GMP regulation from the FDA at audited and certified facilities in the United States, and tests the combined nutrients yet again to triple-check safety. Finally, they publish all of these test results and quality certifications to help customers make the best decision. Product Resources Omega Cardioprotector is open source. Thrivous makes all scientific and quality information available at the following locations: Product Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. Thrivous develops nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to combat aging. Each nutrient and each dose is based on multiple human studies. And its rigorous quality control is completely open source. For more information, contact support@thrivous.com. About AvailOm® AvailOm® is an Omega 3 Lysine Complex that is five times more bioavailable than traditional liquid softgels. AvailOm® is a registered trademark of Evonik Degussa GmbH LLC. Use of this product may be protected by one or more U.S. patents and other international patents. About Oligopin® Oligopin® is the most purified extract of French Maritime Pine Bark on the market. Oligopin® is a registered trademark of Les Derives Resiniques et Terpeniques (DRT). Use of this product may be protected by one or more U.S. patents and other international patents.
Scientists led by Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University have developed a new gene editing tool that could significantly boost genetic research on mutations. The new tool offers advantages over CRISPR, including better editing rates and the possibility to be used in contexts where CRISPR is toxic or not feasible. CRISPR pioneers Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna were awarded the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for initiating a wave of powerful gene editing technologies that seem poised to change the world. See our review of the book, A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution (2017), co-authored by Doudna. The new gene editing tool is called “Retron Library Recombineering” (RLR). It can generate up to millions of mutations simultaneously. RLR can also “barcode” mutant bacterial cells so that an entire pool of bacteria can be screened at once, enabling massive amounts of data to be easily generated and analyzed. "Being able to analyze pooled, barcoded mutant libraries with RLR enables millions of experiments to be performed simultaneously, allowing us to observe the effects of mutations across the genome, as well as how those mutations might interact with each other," says research leader George Church in a press release issued by Wyss Institute. "This work helps establish a road map toward using RLR in other genetic systems, which opens up many exciting possibilities for future genetic research." "RLR enabled us to do something that's impossible to do with CRISPR: we randomly chopped up a bacterial genome, turned those genetic fragments into single-stranded DNA in situ, and used them to screen millions of sequences simultaneously," says researcher Max Schubert. "RLR is a simpler, more flexible gene editing tool that can be used for highly multiplexed experiments, which eliminates the toxicity often observed with CRISPR and improves researchers' ability to explore mutations at the genome level." Retrons are segments of bacterial DNA that, like CRISPR, can be used for precise and flexible gene editing in bacterial and even human cells. Recombineering is a gene editing technique that works by introducing an alternate piece of DNA into a cell while the cell is replicating its genome, creating genetic mutations without breaking DNA. "For a long time, CRISPR was just considered a weird thing that bacteria did, and figuring out how to harness it for genome engineering changed the world,” explains Schubert. “Retrons are another bacterial innovation that might also provide some important advances." Retrons can "barcode" the individuals within a pool of bacteria that have received each retron sequence, enabling dramatically faster, pooled screens of precisely-created mutant strains. A paper is published in PNAS. It shows that RLR could detect known antibiotic resistance mutations in bacteria, and that RLR is sensitive and precise enough to measure small differences in resistance that result from very similar mutations. Future research is expected to shed light on how multiple mutations interact with each other, and generate massive amounts of data that could enable the use of machine learning to predict further mutational effects. Direct applications of RLR to future medicine haven’t been suggested so far. But the same was true of CRISPR only a few years ago. It seems likely to me that RLR could find direct and very powerful applications to DNA editing.
Many scientists are persuaded that, someday, DNA-based robots and other nanodevices will detect the presence of deadly pathogens and deliver medicine inside our bodies. Researchers at Ohio State University have used computer science to develop a software tool, called MagicDNA. It helps design much more complex DNA robots and nanodevices than were ever possible before, in a fraction of the time. DNA has already been used to make molecular machines for potential application to medicine, synthetic biology, biosensing, and biophysics. However, designing DNA devices has been complex and time consuming so far. "But now, nanodevices that may have taken us several days to design before now take us just a few minutes," says associate professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering Carlos Castro in a press release issued by Ohio State University. The new software tool is described in a research paper published in Nature Materials. It helps researchers assemble strands of DNA, like Lego bricks, into complex structures. Parts like rotors and hinges that can move and complete a variety of tasks, including drug delivery. MagicDNA also permits simulating how DNA robots would move and operate in the real world. "As you make these structures more complex, it is difficult to predict exactly what they are going to look like and how they are going to behave," says Castro. "It is critical to be able to simulate how our devices will actually operate.” The software supports “bottom up” and “top down” design methods for DNA robots. Combining the two methods allows for increasing complexity of the overall geometry of a robot while maintaining precise control over individual component properties. An advantage of MagicDNA over other DNA engineering tools is that it allows for 3D design, with fine control over the geometrical, mechanical, and dynamical properties of DNA structures. "With this software, it is not hard to make robots or other devices with upwards of 20 components that are much easier to control,” says Hai-Jun Su, professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering. “It is a huge step in our ability to design nanodevices that can perform the complex actions that we want them to do." To showcase the capabilities of MagicDNA, the researchers built robot arms with claws that can pick up smaller items. DNA robots could detect pathogens in the bloodstream. "But a more complex device may not only detect that something bad is happening, but can also react by releasing a drug or capturing the pathogen," says Castro. "We want to be able to design robots that respond in a particular way to a stimulus or move in a certain way." "There is getting to be more and more commercial interest in DNA nanotechnology," concludes Castro. "I think in the next five to 10 years we will start seeing commercial applications of DNA nanodevices and we are optimistic that this software can help drive that."
One of the most popular food supplements on the market today is fish oil. It packs an impressive wallop of omega-3 fatty acids, which many physicians see as vitally important for health and well-being. The effectiveness of dietary supplements depends on your body's absorption. A recent study from the Netherlands is providing new insights into how to optimize this process. What has the study concluded? Traditional fish oil tablets or capsules don't hold a candle to the absorption of omega-3 lysine complex. In fact, this new formulation translates into five times higher absorption! Here's what else you need to know about omega-3 lysine complex. Studying Easy to Process Fish Oils How do you meet dietary needs for omega-3 fatty acids? The American Heart Association recommends eating between one and two portions of fish weekly. But consuming this much isn't in the cards for everyone. Factors that limit fatty acid intake include geography, economics, and dietary preferences. Some individuals may try to supplement solely with plant-derived free fatty acids. But does this prove as effective as fish oil? No. Three main types of omega-3 fatty acids exist. They include fatty acids found in fish: Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) Plants also contain the fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Unlike EPA and DHA, ALA doesn't prove as active in the body. For this reason, it must get converted into EPA or DHA. Only then can ALA provide the same health benefits. But the human body's ability to convert ALA proves limited. We're talking only about five percent. That means you've got to load up on ALA-containing plants to even make a dent in your daily needs. Of course, food supplements are only as effective as your body's ability to process them. But even traditional omega-3 fatty acid supplements have inherent absorption issues. Most supplements come in oil-based ethyl-esters. The concentration and purification of DHA and EPA prove straightforward. But bioavailability could still use a boost to get the highest load possible. Bioavailability and Your Health What is bioavailability? The proportion of a supplement that enters your circulatory system. A recent study has provided new insight into how the bioavailability of omega-3 works. It offers guidelines about dosage forms. It also offers insights into which free fatty acid supplements best support the body. The study involved eight healthy women between the ages of 18 and 28 years old. Participants came from the area near Wageningen University. Researchers screened for conditions that could impact bioavailability. They included: Gastrointestinal conditions Other illnesses impacting absorption Medication use Beyond these criteria, the women were randomly selected to take the omega-3 powder. The study marks the first of its kind to consider how the oral absorption of DHA and the EPA in humans work. Researchers administered omega-3 fatty acids in the form of lysine salts. Then, they monitored absorption rates. The results proved surprising and significant. Omega-3 Lysine Complex Findings What happened when subjects received omega-3 lysine complex on an empty stomach? They absorbed these free fatty acids more readily and rapidly than traditional formulations. As it turns out, omega-3 lysine complex offered superior bioavailability. Three hours after consumption, subjects experienced the greatest spike in amino acid levels. But the benefits didn't stop there. Omega-3 lysine complex still impacted the body 12 hours after consumption. Study subjects enjoyed significantly higher levels of DHA and EPA in their blood. What do these findings suggest? The upper small intestines handle the body's fatty acid release and absorption mechanisms. Understanding timing and how it relates to the body's use of free fatty acids remains critical. How did scientists stumble across the lysine absorption concept? They've long known about the effectiveness of salt formation. It increases the dissolution and solubility rates of certain supplements. So, this concept isn't new. But it remained largely untested regarding fatty acids until this breakthrough study. Why This Research Matters Forty years ago, scientists discovered the far-ranging health implications of omega-3 fatty acids. They hypothesized that increased dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids would support well-being. Decades of investigation have backed up this hypothesis. Cardiovascular health studies confirm myriad benefits of free fatty acid supplementation. Nevertheless, a controversy has brewed about the health efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids. Yet, these studies have failed to account for bioavailability. That's what makes the Dutch research so exciting. It confirms omega-3 lysine's superiority to standard formulations of oil-based ethyl esters. Advances in Bioavailability How much more effective is the omega-3 lysine formulation? The bioavailability of fatty acids increased by more than five times. Now that's an impressive breakthrough! Lysine salt appears to make all the difference in increased plasma levels of vital fatty acids, DHA and EPA. Omega-3 lysine complex also boasts additional technical properties. Some believe these properties will permit the creation of new product formulations at lower doses. The Netherlands study comes with exciting new opportunities. Findings about lysine will enhance omega-3 supplementation. Whether you're an endurance athlete looking for performance support or an individual interested in dodging the aging bullet. The Future of Aging The implications of this research prove very exciting. After all, dietary supplementation with EPA and DHA has many positive health potentialities. Whether we're talking about cardiovascular health or anti-aging, free fatty acids remain vital. Bioavailability represents one area of research that's helping people lead healthier, higher-quality lives. We'll keep monitoring this exciting area of research, providing you with the takeaways you need for optimal athletic performance and anti-aging solutions. Dietary Supplements: The Latest Tech Are you interested in learning more about cutting-edge dietary supplements like omega-3 lysine? Do you want to better support health and graceful aging? If so, we've got you covered. Find out more about the health supplements, like Thrivous Omega Cardioprotector with Omega 3 Lysine Complex, changing the aging game for the better. These products provide individuals with a new advantage. Relying on the best health ingredients available on the market today, they'll help you enhance your life and health.
Scientists at UC San Francisco and Whitehead Institute have modified CRISPR cut-and-paste gene editing technology to extend its reach beyond genome editing and into epigenomic editing. The epigenome is the set of proteins and small molecules that control gene expression and gene activation. In other words, it controls when and where target genes are switched on or off. In a research paper published in Cell, the scientists describe a new CRISPR-based tool called “CRISPRoff.” It permits switching off almost any gene in human cells without making a single edit to the genetic code. The scientists also show that once a gene is switched off, it remains inert in the cell’s descendants for hundreds of generations. And it can be switched back on with a complementary epigenetic modification tool called “CRISPRon,” also described in the paper. “The big story here is we now have a simple tool that can silence the vast majority of genes,” says research co-leader Jonathan Weissman in a press release issued by Whitehead Institute. “We can do this for multiple genes at the same time without any DNA damage, with great deal of homogeneity, and in a way that can be reversed. It's a great tool for controlling gene expression.” By switching genes on and off, the epigenome plays a central role in many diseases, from viral infection to cancer. Therefore, CRISPRoff technology may one day lead to powerful epigenetic therapies for these diseases. And because this approach doesn’t involve any DNA sequence edits, it’s likely to be safer than conventional CRISPR-mediated therapeutics. Conventional CRISPR has been known to cause unwanted and potentially harmful changes to the genome. “Though genetic and cellular therapies are the future of medicine, there are potential safety concerns around permanently changing the genome, which is why we’re trying to come up with other ways to use CRISPR to treat disease,” says research co-leader Luke Gilbert in a press release issued by UC San Francisco. CRISPRoff allows expressing a protein briefly “to write a program that's remembered and carried out indefinitely by the cell,” adds Gilbert. “It changes the game so now you're basically writing a change that is passed down through cell divisions - in some ways we can learn to create a version 2.0 of CRISPR-Cas9 that is safer and just as effective.” As an example of how this epigenetic regulation might be applied to therapeutics, the scientists show that CRISPRoff could be used to turn down (although not entirely off) the expression of the gene that codes for Tau protein. This protein is implicated in Alzheimer’s disease. How to deliver CRISPRoff therapeutics to Alzheimer’s patients, and more generally how to deliver it to specific tissues, is a challenge that future research will need to address. But, Weissman says, “we showed that you can deliver it transiently as a DNA or as an RNA, the same technology that's the basis of the Moderna and BioNTech coronavirus vaccine.”
I’m a great fan of Elon Musk. His Tesla electric cars are reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and racing toward a green Earth. Others talk the talk, but Elon walks the walk. Musk’s SpaceX rockets will open the road to the stars and make humanity interplanetary. Of course Elon makes a lot of money with all that. And of course deep down he must be a flawed human being like the rest of us. But what he has done and continues to do deserves admiration and respect. Elon Musk’s neurotechnology company, Neuralink, is developing implanted, wireless, fast brain-machine interface (BMI) technology. Neural interfaces could enable paralyzed people to operate computers and mobile devices directly with their thoughts, easily and fast (see Pulse 111, 167, 168 ). The latest update released by Neuralink has been widely covered by the media. It shows a monkey named Pager. A video shows Pager playing Pong in real time with his mind alone, moving “a cursor on a computer screen with neural activity using a 1,024 electrode fully-implanted neural recording and data transmission device.” The brain implant used by Pager is called N1 Link. It captures brain activity and translates the neural signals into intended movement. The output is used to direct the movement of a “MindPong paddle” on a computer screen. And that enables the monkey to play pong with his mind, while sipping a banana smoothie. "First Neuralink product will enable someone with paralysis to use a smartphone with their mind faster than someone using thumbs," Musk tweeted. The Neuralink technology used in this demo prepares the way for future applications to human patients with paralysis. The neurons of paralyzed patients remain directionally tuned to movement intention. Therefore, it will be possible to translate the intention to move a finger on a trackpad into the actual movement of a cursor. Paralyzed patients will be able to type and do all that can be done with a computer, just by thinking about how they want the cursor to move. “Our first goal is to give people with paralysis their digital freedom back: to communicate more easily via text, to follow their curiosity on the web, to express their creativity through photography and art, and, yes, to play video games,” reads the Neuralink update. “After that, we intend to use the Link to help improve the lives of those with neurological disorders and disabilities in other ways.” “For example, for people with paralysis the Link could also potentially be used to restore physical mobility. To achieve this, we'd use the Link to read signals in the brain and use them to stimulate nerves and muscles in the body, thereby allowing the person to once again control their own limbs.” Elon Musk's Neuralink update is soberly worded, and only mentions near-term applications to paralyzed patients. But it’s easy to see that, besides medical applications, the Neuralink device could enable science-fictional applications. Imagine what you'd do if you could control a computer with your mind or connect a Neuralink in your brain to Neuralinks in others' brains. “Perhaps more exciting is a brain-machine interface’s ability to connect brains to the cloud and all its resources,” notes technology expert David Tuffley. “In theory, a person’s own 'native' intelligence could then be augmented on demand by accessing cloud-based artificial intelligence (AI).” “Human intelligence could be greatly multiplied by this. Consider for a moment if two or more people wirelessly connected their implants,” added Tuffey. “This would facilitate a high-bandwidth exchange of images and ideas from one to the other.”
Cancer researchers led by Weizmann Institute of Science have discovered that the immune system "sees" bacteria residing within tumor cells. These bacteria can be harnessed to provoke an immune reaction against the tumor. "Our findings suggest that bacterial peptides presented on tumor cells can serve as potential targets for immunotherapy," says research leader Yardena Samuels. "They may be exploited to help immune T cells recognize the tumor with greater precision, so that these cells can mount a better attack against the cancer. This approach can in the future be used in combination with existing immunotherapy drugs." A variety of species of bacteria are known to colonize human tumors, and modulate immune function. This ultimately affects the survival of patients with cancer and their responses to treatment. A study is published in Nature. It reveals that peptides (fragments of proteins) derived from intracellular bacteria can be present in a tumor cell and provoke immune reactions. The study provides insight into a mechanism by which bacteria influence activation of the immune system and responses to therapy. The researchers analyzed tissue samples from nine patients with metastatic melanoma, a deadly form of skin cancer. They obtained bacterial genomic profiles of these tumors and then identified tumor peptides that can be recognized by the immune system. The study revealed nearly 300 peptides from 41 different bacteria on the surface of the cancer cells. The researchers found that the peptides were present in protein complexes that are present on the membranes of all cells in our body. These protein complexes "present" foreign peptides to the immune system so that immune cells can "see" them. Some of the bacteria identified in the study were known gut microbes. This could shed light on how the gut microbiome - the bacteria, viruses, and fungi present in the gastrointestinal tract - affects immunotherapy. The fact that bacterial peptides on tumor cells are visible to the immune system can be exploited for enhancing immunotherapy. "Many of these peptides were shared by different metastases from the same patient or by tumors from different patients, which suggests that they have a therapeutic potential and a potent ability to produce immune activation," says researcher Adi Nagler. Future studies are planned to establish which bacterial strains help the immune cells to fight cancer. This could enable physicians to predict the success of immunotherapy and to tailor a personalized treatment accordingly. Cancer immunotherapies have dramatically improved recovery rates from certain cancers, including metastatic melanoma. But cancer immunotherapies still work in only about 40 percent of melanoma patients. These findings reveal an entirely new type of interaction between tumors and the immune system. And they could open the door to new, more effective forms of cancer immunotherapy.
Researchers at University of Georgia have found that taking fish oil (which contains Omega 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids EPA and DHA) provides heart health benefits. But that may only be the case if you have the right genetic makeup. "We've known for a few decades that a higher level of omega-3 fatty acids in the blood is associated with a lower risk of heart disease," says research leader Kaixiong Ye. Based on such purported health benefits, fish oil supplements have become a billion-dollar industry. A study is published in PLOS Genetics. It shows that individuals with a certain genotype who took fish oil decreased their triglyceride. This is a type of fat in the blood that is an indicator of cardiovascular health. Individuals with a different genotype who took fish oil slightly increased their triglyceride. To show this, the researchers analyzed data from 70,000 individuals. 11,000 of them were taking fish oil supplements. The data were taken from UK Biobank, a database of genetic and health information from half a million participants. Then the researchers performed a detailed DNA analysis for each group, testing for 8 million genetic variants to compare. After running over 64 million tests, the researchers found a significant genetic variant. It identities those who are most likely to benefit from fish oil supplements. "What we found is that fish oil supplementation is not good for everyone; it depends on your genotype. If you have a specific genetic background, then fish oil supplementation will help lower your triglycerides,” explains Ye. “But if you do not have that right genotype, taking a fish oil supplement actually increases your triglycerides." Some previous studies have suggested that fish oil and Omega 3 fatty acids may provide no benefit in preventing heart disease. "One possible explanation is that those clinical trials didn't consider the genotypes of the participants," comments Ye. "Some participants may benefit, and some may not, so if you mix them together and do the analysis, you do not see the impact." Of course the question is, how do you know if you have the right DNA to benefit from fish oil supplements? According to Ye, the answer can be extracted from the raw data provided by genetic testing companies. The ID for the variant to look for is rs112803755 (A>G). Now that Ye has identified a specific gene that can modify an individual's response to fish oil supplements, his next step will be directly testing the effects of fish oil on cardiovascular health. "Personalizing and optimizing fish oil supplementation recommendations based on a person's unique genetic composition can improve our understanding of nutrition," concludes Ye, "and lead to significant improvements in human health and well-being." Thrivous Omega Cardioprotector provides Omega 3 Lysine Complex, which is five times more bioavailable than Omega 3 in standard fish oil gelcaps. Each serving of Omega also provides clinical doses of Garlic, Centella Asiatica (Gotu Kola), French Maritime Pine Bark, and Olive Leaf to enhance heart function and circulation for better aging. Each nutrient and each dose is backed by multiple human studies. And like all Thrivous supplements, Omega passes through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control.
Researchers at Swinburne University in Australia reviewed two dozen clinical studies of three cognitive enhancers — the herbal supplements Ginseng and Bacopa and a pharmaceutical drug called Modafinil — to calculate and compare their effect sizes. The comparison showed that the two supplements are as or more effective than the drug. Panax ginseng and Bacopa monniera supplements are used respectively for short-term and long-term cognitive enhancement. The drug modafinil is prescribed to treat sleep disorders, but it sees widespread off-label use as a short-term cognitive enhancer. To compare effect sizes, the Swinburne University researchers aggregated and normalized the results of nine clinical studies of Ginseng, seven clinical studies of Bacopa, and eight clinical studies of modafinil. First let’s look at modafinil, the pharmaceutical drug. When taken by healthy adults with normal sleep patterns, modafinil shows a small positive effect on reaction times and a small-to-large effect on accuracy of visual-spatial memory. These effects are most pronounced 2–4 hours after ingestion and fully wear off after 12–15 hours. Modafinil has no effect on several other dimensions of cognitive performance, including mathematical processing, associative learning, and verbal fluency. Studies detected no adverse effects on cognitive function. Ginseng contains over 30 psychoactive compounds and has broad effects on both brain activity and blood glucose. Studies of acute (short-term) ginseng supplementation found large improvements of reaction time and large reductions of mental fatigue. Ginseng also improved working memory and mental arithmetic. Ginseng had counterproductive effects with prolonged use, however. After dosing for 8 days, subjects continued to outperform on memory tasks in terms of accuracy, but they underperformed in terms of reaction time. Bacopa is an herbal antioxidant, neuroprotector, and mood and memory enhancer. Studies found that its positive effects became evident only after prolonged dosing for 12 weeks or more. Bacopa caused small-to-medium-sized improvements of attention, learning, and information processing, and large improvements of working memory. It had no effect on reaction time. Modafinil, Ginseng, and Bacopa each had overwhelmingly positive effects on cognition in the clinical studies. Interestingly, Ginseng and Bacopa’s largest effect sizes were larger than modafinil’s largest effect size, which suggests that dose-for-dose, these herbal supplements may be even more powerful cognitive enhancers than the pharmaceutical drug. Each of the three cognitive enhancers appears to work on slightly different aspects of cognition. Modafinil appears to help with visual-spatial memory and executive functioning, Ginseng with heavily loaded working memory tasks, and Bacopa with learning and memory. Ginseng, however, may be best in a single dose (200–400 mg) for short-term use. Only a few studies have looked at prolonged dosing with Ginseng, and one of them found negative effects on memory reaction times after 8 days of dosing. For extended use, you’re better off taking Bacopa. In addition to improving attention, learning, and memory, Bacopa also appears to protect the brain against harmful amyloid plaques. You’ll need to take daily 300 mg doses of Bacopa for 12 weeks before you can expect to see results. I recommend staying away from off-label use of pharmaceutical drugs. Fortunately, there are powerful over-the-counter alternatives. As always, be aware that some may experience adverse effects from use of nutraceuticals. Consult with your doctor before and during nutraceutical use. Thrivous products are excellent sources of Bacopa and Ginseng. Clarity Daily Nootropic provides a clinical dose of Bacopa, in combination with other nutrients for sustained cognitive enhancement. And Surge Acute Nootropic provides a clinical dose of Ginseng, in combination with other nutrients for occasional boosts to cognitive enhancement.
Researchers at UT Southwestern have reported their observations of older adults with mild memory loss who followed a physical exercise program for a year. The researchers found that blood flow to the brain increased. "This is part of a growing body of evidence linking exercise with brain health," says study leader Rong Zhang. "We've shown for the first time in a randomized trial in these older adults that exercise gets more blood flowing to your brain." Research shows that mild cognitive impairment (MCI) affects one-fifth of people age 65 and older. It manifests with mild issues in memory, decision-making, or reasoning skills. The researchers followed 70 men and women aged 55 to 80 who had been diagnosed with MCI. The participants were randomly assigned to either follow a moderate aerobic exercise program or a stretching program for one year. A study is published in Journal of Alzheimer's Disease. In it, the researchers report that the participants who performed aerobic exercise showed decreasing stiffness of blood vessels in their neck and increasing blood flow to the brain. Changes in these measurements were not found among the participants who followed the stretching program. The length of the study was too short, according to the researchers, to reveal significant changes in memory or other cognitive functions. But the researchers are persuaded that changes to blood flow could precede changes that improve cognitive function. A larger ongoing two-year study, Risk Reduction for Alzheimer's Disease (rrAD), could confirm this. Low levels of cerebral blood flow, and stiffer blood vessels leading to the brain, are known to be associated with MCI and dementia. Studies have also suggested that regular aerobic exercise may help improve memory and cognition in healthy older adults. The new study is expected to confirm, clarify, and quantify the link between exercise, stiffer blood vessels, and brain blood flow. In the meantime, the completed study helps explain the effects of exercise on the brain. And it begins to help us understand how exercise may have beneficial effects on overall brain function and brain health. "There is still a lot we don't know about the effects of exercise on cognitive decline later in life," says Munro Cullum, co-senior author of the study. "MCI and dementia are likely to be influenced by a complex interplay of many factors, and we think that, at least for some people, exercise is one of those factors. There are likely some people who benefit more from exercise than others." "Having physiological findings like this can also be useful for physicians when they talk to their patients about the benefits of exercise," added Zhang. "We now know, based on a randomized, controlled trial, that exercise can increase blood flow to the brain, which is a good thing." I don’t especially like exercise, and therefore I must keep persuading myself that exercise is good for me. I’m not (yet) experiencing MCI. But just in case, I’ll now stop writing this and go for a fast hike in the woods to improve blood flow to my brain.
French Maritime Pine Bark (Pinus Pinaster) is considered a super-antioxidant because it contains high amounts of oligomeric proanthocyanin compounds (OPCs). These are the same ingredients that are responsible for the antioxidant benefits of grape seeds and witch hazel bark. Companies that make extracts of French Maritime Pine Bark have funded hundreds of research studies and published many positive findings. Extracts are marketed as health supplements for the circulatory system and a variety of body functions associated with heart health and blood flow. Although most of the studies have been small, many have been done by independent research and can confirm some of the health claims made by the manufacturers. Studies suggest that French Maritime Pine Bark helps promote blood flow by increasing levels of nitric oxide. And it is often recommended to support healthy blood pressure, promote a healthy inflammatory response, and promote overall heart health. Of its many benefits, it is most widely taken as a supplement to boost cardiovascular function. And studies suggest it is effective at promoting healthy blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels. A 2016 study found that those who took a French Maritime Pine Bark extract experienced a significant increase in HDL ("good") cholesterol, and a decrease in blood pressure and LDL ("bad") cholesterol. The cardiovascular benefits of supplementing with French Maritime Pine Bark are well supported by research. However, one well-designed and large study did not show conclusive findings on heart health benefits. It was done on the Flavangenol brand, which is standardized to contain much less OPC than some other brands, such as Oligopin. Non-cardiovascular benefits of supplementing with French Maritime Pine Bark have also been researched with some positive results. For example, one study found that French Maritime Pine Bark decreases oxidative damage to bones during aging. French Maritime Pine Bark is generally considered safe. But it may interfere with chemotherapy and radiation therapy drugs. Those with autoimmune diseases, those who are pregnant, or those taking prescription medications should consult their doctors before using an extract of French Maritime Pine Bark. Research does not indicate any major side effects from French Maritime Pine Bark. But it can cause fatigue and irritability when combined with certain drugs. Thrivous Omega Thrivous Omega Cardioprotector provides a clinical dose of the Oligopin extract of French Maritime Pine Bark. The formula also includes Omega 3 and Garlic to complement the cardiovascular benefits, support healthy levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, and enhance heart function for better aging. Buy Omega today!
Geroprotectors are substances that support healthy aging, slow aging, or promote life extension. They include various foods, supplements (nutraceuticals), and drugs (pharmaceuticals). And they complement practices with potential geroprotective effects, such as calorie restriction. Sometimes people call them: aging suppressants anti-aging drugs gerosuppressants longevity therapeutics senolytics senotherapeutics Unfortunately no existing geroprotector comes close to realizing the age-old aspiration of ending aging altogether. In part, that's because we still don't know enough about the root cause of aging. But scientists can increase the lifespan of model organisms, which suggests that we can develop much better geroprotectors. So an increasing number of companies and non-profit organizations are anxiously engaged in aging research and development. Although existing geroprotectors can't cure aging, science shows that they can still make a real practical difference for many people who wish to improve their healthy life span. To that end, I’ve used several geroprotectors for years. And I’m exploring ways to incorporate others into my diet, if they’re applicable to my personal situation and meet a few general criteria: First, I look for geroprotectors supported by multiple studies on humans – not just anecdotal evidence, one study, or studies on non-human animals. Although I've nothing against the health benefits of placebo, I prefer knowing that something more than only placebo is at work. Second, I look for geroprotectors with the highest ratios of efficacy to expense. Given innumerable options and a limited budget, I want to do more than just empty my wallet. Third, I look for geroprotectors that are legal and generally safe. If it'll put me in a hospital or a prison, it’s not worth it. Based on those criteria, I’ve compiled a list of top tier natural geroprotectors that actually work. These are, to the best of my knowledge, the most well-researched and effective geroprotectors available in the United States without a prescription. I’ve excluded from this list any geroprotectors that are primarily nootropic geroprotectors (such as ginkgo and melatonin ), which you can find in my list of top tier nootropics. This information is for educational purposes only. It is not medical advice. Please consult a physician before and during use of these and other geroprotectors. 1) Berberine Berberine is a compound of extracts from herbs such as barberry. Supplementation may support healthy blood sugar and metabolic function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. See the Berberine article at Examine.com for studies and details. Also check out our article on Berberine for longevity. Berberine is an ingredient in Thrivous Vitality Geroprotector. 2) Blueberry Blueberry is the fruit of a perennial flowering plant native to North America. Supplementation may support healthy DNA and genetic function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. See the Blueberry article at Examine.com for studies and details. Also check out our article on preventing DNA damage by adding Blueberry to your diet. Blueberry is an ingredient in Thrivous Vitality Geroprotector. 3) Boswellia Serrata (Frankincense) Boswellia Serrata is a plant native to India and Pakistan. Supplementation may support healthy joint function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. See the Boswellia Serrata article at Examine.com for studies and details. Also check out our article on Boswellia for joint health. The ApresFlex® extract of Boswellia is an ingredient in Thrivous Tenacity Arthroprotector. 4) Cocoa Cocoa comes from the seeds of evergreen trees native to tropical regions of Central and South America. Supplementation may support healthy heart and circulatory function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. Supplementation with Cocoa may also support healthy metabolic function and photoprotection, and decrease general oxidation. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Cocoa Extract article at Examine.com for studies and details. 5) Coenzyme Q10 Coenzyme Q10 is a molecule found in the mitochondria of humans and other organisms. Supplementation may support healthy mitochondria and cellular function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. Supplementation with Coenzyme Q10 may also support healthy heart and circulatory function, and decrease oxidation. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Coenzyme Q10 article at Examine.com for studies and details. Coenzyme Q10 is an ingredient in Thrivous Vitality Geroprotector. 6) Creatine Creatine is a nitrogenous organic acid that occurs naturally in vertebrates. Supplementation may enhance strength and increase hydration, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. Supplementation with Creatine may also increase anaerobic running capacity, lean mass, bone mineral density, muscular endurance, and testosterone; and support healthy metabolic function. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Creatine article at Examine.com for studies and details. Creatine is also in my list of top tier nootropics. 7) Curcumin Curcumin is the bioactive in Turmeric, which is a perennial plant native to Southern Asia. Supplementation may support joint and muscle comfort, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. Supplementation with Curcumin may also support healthy cardiovascular and joint function during normal aging. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Curcumin article at Examine.com for studies and details. Also check out our article on the powerful brain health benefits of Curcumin. Turmeric Curcumin is an ingredient in Thrivous Tenacity Arthroprotector. 8) DHEA (Dehydroepiandrosterone) DHEA is a natural hormone in humans and other animals. Supplementation may increase estrogen or testosterone (depending on the need of the body), according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. See the Dehydroepiandrosterone article at Examine.com for studies and details. 9) Omega 3 Omega 3 is found in fish oil, among other natural sources. Fish oil, as the name suggests, is an oil that accumulates in the tissues of some fish species. Supplementation may support healthy triglyceride levels, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. See the Fish Oil article at Examine.com for studies and details. Omega 3 is also in my list of top tier nootropics. The AvailOm® Omega 3 Lysine Complex is an ingredient in Thrivous Omega Cardioprotector. 10) Garlic Garlic is a bulbous plant native to Central Asia. Supplementation may support healthy cholesterol and heart function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. Supplementation with Garlic may also provide a subtle decrease to triglycerides and a strong decrease to rate of sickness. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Garlic article at Examine.com for studies and details. Garlic is an ingredient in Thrivous Omega Cardioprotector. 11) Horse Chestnut (Aesculus Hippocastanum) Horse Chestnut is a deciduous flowering tree native to South East Europe. Supplementation may support healthy circulatory function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. Supplementation with Horse Chestnut may also decrease pain. Evidence for this effect may not be as reliable. See the Horse Chestnut article at Examine.com for studies and details. 12) Magnesium Magnesium is an essential dietary mineral found in food like nuts, cereals, and vegetables. Supplementation may support healthy blood pressure, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. Supplementation with Magnesium may also facilitate aerobic exercise and muscle oxygenation, and support healthy blood sugar and metabolic function. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Magnesium article at Examine.com for studies and details. Also check out my article on Magnesium Glycinate supplementation. Magnesium is an ingredient in Thrivous Serenity Nightly Nootropic. 13) Nitrate Nitrate is a molecule produced in the body in small amounts and available in vegetables like beetroot. Supplementation may support healthy blood pressure, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. Supplementation with Nitrate may also increase anaerobic running capacity and decrease oxygenation cost of exercise. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Nitrate article at Examine.com for studies and details. 14) Olive Leaf Olive Leaf comes from an evergreen tree native to the Mediterranean, Africa, and Asia. Supplementation may support healthy cardiovascular function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. Supplementation with Olive Leaf may also support healthy cellular and DNA function. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Olive Leaf Extract article at Examine.com for studies and details. Olive Leaf is an ingredient in Thrivous Omega Cardioprotector. 15) French Maritime Pine Bark French Maritime Pine Bark is an extract from the bark of a maritime pine that is native to the Mediterranean. Supplementation may support healthy cardiovascular function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. See our article on the health benefits of French Maritime Pine Bark for studies and details. The Oligopin® extract of French Maritime Pine Bank is an ingredient in Thrivous Omega Cardioprotector. 16) Salacia Reticulata ["Kothala Himbutu" by Satheesan.vn under CC BY-SA 3.0 / cropped] Salacia Reticulata is a plant native to the forests of Sri Lanka. Supplementation may support healthy blood sugar and metabolic function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. See the Salacia Reticulata article at Examine.com for studies and details. 17) SAMe (S-Adenosyl Methionine) SAMe is a naturally-occurring compound found in most tissues and fluids of the human body. Supplementation may support healthy joint function and comfort, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. See the S-Adenosyl Methionine article at Examine.com for studies and details. Also check out our article on SAMe for brain health. SAMe is an ingredient in Thrivous Tenacity Arthroprotector. 18) Spirulina Spirulina is a blue-green algae. Supplementation may support healthy cellular and cardiovascular function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. Supplementation with Spirulina may also support healthy immune function, increase strength and endurance, decrease oxidation, and support healthy blood pressure. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Spirulina article at Examine.com for studies and details. 19) TUDCA (Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid) TUDCA is a bile acid found naturally in trace amounts in humans and in large amounts in other animals like bears. Supplementation may support healthy liver function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. Supplementation with TUDCA may also support healthy metabolic function. Evidence for this effect may not be as reliable. See the Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid article at Examine.com for studies and details. 20) Vitamin B3 (Niacin) Vitamin B3, also known as Niacin, is an essential dietary vitamin found in foods like liver, chicken, beef, fish, peas, peanuts, cereals, and legumes. Supplementation may support healthy cardiovascular function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. Supplementation with Vitamin B3 may also support healthy blood sugar and metabolic function. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Vitamin B3 article at Examine.com for studies and details. Also check out my article on Vitamin B supplementation. 21) Vitamin D Vitamin D is an essential dietary vitamin naturally synthesized in the skin from sun exposure. Supplementation may decrease risk of falls, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies in humans. Supplementation with Vitamin D may also increase functionality in the elderly, support healthy blood pressure, and support healthy bone function. Evidence for these effects may not be as reliable. See the Vitamin D article at Examine.com for studies and details. 22) Vitamin K Vitamin K is an essential dietary vitamin found in foods like leafy green vegetables and some fruits. Supplementation may support healthy bone function, according to multiple peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlle
The Mind Tech pill by Nootropic Technologies claims to be a smart pill. But it's more of a low-dose multivitamin according to its ingredients list. And it appears to come from the same people responsible for nootropic scams like Amazin' Brain. Paid Ad A paid AP News ad claims that Mind Tech Pills: increase neuron transmission improve mental processing speed increase mental clarity eliminate brain fog protect from harmful free radicals settle your emotions The ad claims that the supplement provides these benefits even if you're overworked or had one too many the previous night. It also states that the product has undergone lab testing to ensure no harmful side effects to humans. However, no scientific evidence or research is mentioned to back up any of their claims. And the only con listed in the ad is that supplies are low, so "grab yours while supplies last." "Free" Trial Scam To try to prevent complaints to the Better Business Bureau (BBB), the paid ad describes the "free" trial conditions. For a shipping and handling cost of $6.94, you receive a 30 day supply of Mind Tech pills. However, you must call customer support and cancel auto-shipping within 14 days. Or you pay the full $89.94 for the "free" product. And in 45 days, you will be charged for and shipped another bottle. Mind Tech Pills Website BBB Complaints BBB lists a United States P. O. Box in Tampa, Florida, for Nootropic Technologies. The wording in the paid ad, the free-trial scam details, and at least one of the product websites are very similar to those for the Amazin' Brain scam. Amazin' Brain also happens to also be located in Tampa, Florida. The BBB lists three alerts for Nootropic Technologies. These alerts are: The business has received a pattern of complaints involving unauthorized or unexpected charges and unresolved refund disputes. A number of the complaints testify how difficult it is to cancel an unwanted subscription and for the company to accept unopened returns. The business uses fake celebrity endorsements from Elon Musk and Ben Carson. The business has returns shipped to BT Shipping LLC in Tampa, Florida. A significant number of complaints have been filed with BBB for issues with refund payment for return products shipped to BT Shipping LLC. Propriety Blend Mind Tech's nutrition label lists a 642 mg propriety blend of smart drugs. Of the nineteen ingredients in the blend, only twelve provide nootropic benefits. These include: Green Tea Extract may acutely improve cognitive performance for those with a low cognitive baseline. However, significant effects are only seen at doses of 400-500 mg/day. L-Tyrosine, taken at 100-150 mg/kg body weight, may increase mental energy by reducing stress-induced attention deficit and memory issues. Bilberry Fruit Extract may improve long-term working memory in elderly adults when taking 100 mg/day. With only 642 mg in the blend, Mind Tech's propriety blend is substantially below recommended levels for each cognitive enhancement ingredient. Healthy people are better off drinking a cup of coffee for short-term cognitive performance benefits. Missing Key Nootropics Mind Tech pills are missing one of the best dietary nootropic supplements to support cognitive function as we age. That's Ginkgo Biloba. A long term cohort study suggests that Ginkgo may support aging brain health by improving blood flow to the brain. Other nootropic supplements with high levels of evidence for notable magnitudes of effect include Bacopa Monnieri, Rhodiola Rosea, L-Theanine, and Alpha GPC. So if you want to try nootropics with the greatest potential to enhance cognition, look for supplements that contain these ingredients. Thrivous Clarity and Alpha Stack is a far better alternative to Mind Tech pills. In Thrivous supplements, each nutrient and each dose is backed by multiple human studies. All Thrivous supplements pass through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. And Thrivous is serious about customer happiness, as reflected in its A+ rating at the BBB.
Scientists at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute and the University of Hong Kong have found that the drug clofazimine exhibits potent antiviral activities against SARS-CoV-2. Clofazimine is typically used to treat leprosy. SARS-CoV-2 is the virus that causes COVID-19. Clofazimine is FDA-approved and on the World Health Organization's list of essential medicines. Scientists found that the drug also prevents the exaggerated inflammatory response associated with severe COVID-19. A study is published in Nature. It reports that scientists tested clofazimine in hamsters that were infected with SARS-CoV-2. The scientists found that clofazimine lowered the amount of virus in the lungs, including when given to healthy animals prior to infection. The drug also reduced lung damage and prevented cytokine storm. Cytokine storm is an overwhelming inflammatory response to SARS-CoV-2 that can be deadly. The scientists are persuaded that clofazimine is an ideal candidate for a COVID-19 treatment. It is safe, affordable, easy to make, taken as a pill, and can be made globally available. Based on these findings, a phase 2 study could begin immediately. It will evaluate clofazimine as an at-home treatment for COVID-19. "We hope to test clofazimine in a Phase 2 clinical trial as soon as possible for people who test positive for COVID-19 but are not hospitalized," says Sumit Chanda, one of the senior authors of the study. "Since there is currently no outpatient treatment available for these individuals, clofazimine may help reduce the impact of the disease, which is particularly important now as we see new variants of the virus emerge and against which the current vaccines appear less efficacious." "Our data suggests that clofazimine should also be tested as a monotherapy for people with COVID-19, which would lower many barriers to treatment," adds Chanda. "People with COVID-19 would be able to simply receive a regime of low-cost pills, instead of traveling to a hospital to receive an injection." Clofazimine was previously identified as a promising drug candidate against SARS-CoV-2. This was done by screening known drugs in the ReFRAME library for their ability to block the replication of the virus. The ReFRAME library was created by Scripps Research, with a goal of repurposing existing drugs to meet unmet clinical needs. "The animals that received clofazimine had less lung damage and lower viral load, especially when receiving the drug before infection," says Ren Sun, one of the senior authors of the study. "Besides inhibiting the virus, there are indications that the drug also regulates the host response to the virus, which provides better control of the infection and inflammation." "Potentially most importantly, clofazimine appears to have pan-coronavirus activity, indicating it could be an important weapon against future pandemics," says Kwok-Yung Yuen, another senior author of the study. Yuen discovered the coronavirus that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). "Our study suggests that we should consider creating a stockpile of ready-made clofazimine that could be deployed immediately if another novel coronavirus emerges."
Friends have been asking me for an update on my dietary supplement regimen. The last time that I wrote about it was four years ago. Since that time, my goals have continued to be pretty much the same: think better and maintain health longer. But pursuit of those goals has led me to make quite a few changes, mostly additions, to my regimen -- my "stack," to use the common biohacker term. I've continued to study and experiment with nutrients to support strength performance, nootropics to enhance mental ability, and geroprotectors to promote healthy life extension. And I'm presently supplementing with around 50 nutrients (40 on a daily basis, 6 on a regular basis, and 4 on an occasional basis) -- excluding a few with which I'm experimenting more tentatively. Of course, supplementation isn't the only practice in which I engage to pursue my goals. I also aim, for example, to do the following: sleep 7.5 hours per night exercise vigorously at least 3 hours per week drink mainly water, and avoid soft drinks pray and meditate on gratitude daily update my gratitude journal weekly attend church services weekly spend time with family and friends regularly fast intermittently and over-eat rarely minimize consumption of junk food don't use illegal drugs don't smoke or drink alcohol manage high stress that arises from work My health is generally good for a 44-year-old. I'm approximately the same height and weight that I was at the end of my teenage years. I can do 50 pushups quickly, without breaking a sweat. My max is probably around 100. And I regularly run a 7.5 minute mile as a warm-up, with plenty of energy for a full weight training session afterwards. I'm not sure how fast I could run a mile if I pushed myself, mostly because I hate running -- unless, like a dog, I'm chasing a ball. My most recent medical checkup measured my blood pressure at 57/109 and resting heart rate at 60. And my most recent blood work found everything to be well within normal healthy ranges, with the exception of borderline-high eosinophils. That's probably related to allergies that affect esophageal function, which is currently my only long-term health concern. In that context, I'm happy to share with you the details of my current supplement stack. It's based on years of analysis of decades of research by scientists worldwide. In my analysis, I generally look for supplements that meet three criteria: First, I look for supplements supported by multiple clinical studies on humans – not just anecdotal evidence, one study, or studies on non-human animals. I have nothing against placebo, but I prefer to spend my time and money on more than placebo. Second, I look for supplements with the highest ratios of evidenced-efficacy over expense. Given innumerable options and a limited budget, I want to spend my money as efficiently as possible. Supplements are expensive enough without being wasteful. Third, I look for supplements that are legal and generally safe. If it's likely to put me in a prison or a hospital, I'm not interested. Please keep in mind that this isn't medical advice. I'm not a physician. And even if I was, information like this simply can't be applicable to everyone. While we all have much in common, we're still all significantly different. We have differences in genetics, varied anatomical states, and different environmental and social situations. These differences multiply quickly into complexities that will lead wise persons to do their own research and consult with their personal physicians before adopting any of the supplements that I describe here. In the following stack descriptions, I have included links to supplements that Thrivous provides. So, if you use Thrivous Stack, you're already using most of the linked supplements. The only exceptions are the linked supplements in my energy stack, which you can get separately in Thrivous Surge Acute Nootropic. I generally buy the other non-linked supplements from reputable vendors on Amazon. Morning Stack Here's my morning geroprotector and nootropic stack. I take these supplements with breakfast on most days. I also take several of these supplements a second or third time with lunch or dinner on some days. Acetyl L Carnitine Hydrochloride (ALCAR HCl) 500 mg -- nootropic geroprotector to protect brain from toxins Ashwagandha Root Extract 600 mg -- nootropic to enhance confidence Bacopa Monnieri Extract (Synapsa 55% Bacoside) 320 mg -- nootropic to enhance memory Berberine Hydrochloride (Berberine HCl) 500 mg with Milk Thistle Fruit Extract (80% Silymarin) 100 mg -- geroprotector to support metabolic health, in combination to improve bioavailability Blueberry Fruit Extract (25% Anthocyanin) 1400 mg -- geroprotector to support genetic health, and nootropic to support brain health Boswellia Serrata Resin Extract (ApresFlex 20% AKBA) 100 mg -- geroprotector to support joint health Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone) 100 mg -- geroprotector to support cellular health French Maritime Pine Bark Extract (~70% Procyanidin) 50 mg -- geroprotector to support circulatory health Garlic Bulb Extract (1% Allicin) 300 mg -- geroprotector to support heart health Ginkgo Biloba Leaf Extract (24% Flavone Glycoside, 6% Terpene Lactone) 100 mg -- nootropic geroprotector to support brain health L Alpha Glycerylphosphorylcholine (Alpha GPC from AlphaSize) 300 mg -- nootropic geroprotector to support brain health Lutein 10 mg with Zeaxanthin 2 mg -- geroprotector to support eye health, in combination to improve efficacy N Acetyl Cysteine (NAC) 600 mg -- geroprotector to support cellular health Omega 3 Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA from Fish) 200 mg -- nootropic geroprotector to support mood and healthy triglycerides Omega 3 Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA from Fish) 300 mg -- nootropic geroprotector to support mood and healthy triglycerides Phosphatidylserine (PS from SerinAid) 150 mg -- nootropic geroprotector to support brain health Polypodium Leucotomos Root Extract 240 mg -- geroprotector to support skin health Rhodiola Rosea Root Extract (2% Salidroside) 300 mg -- nootropic herb to enhance cognitive endurance (focus, mood, and energy) S Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) 400 mg -- geroprotector to support joint health, and nootropic to support mood Sodium R Alpha Lipoic Acid (Na R ALA) 150 mg -- geroprotector to support nerve health Tauroursodeoxycholic Acid (TUDCA) 250 mg -- geroprotector to support liver health Turmeric Rhizome Extract (95% Curcuminoid) 500 mg with Black Pepper Fruit Extract (95% Piperine) 5 mg -- geroprotector to support joint comfort, and nootropic to support mood, in combination to improve bioavailability Vitamin B Complex (B1 as Sulbutiamine 25 mg, B2 as Riboflavin 5 Phosphate 25 mg, B3 as Nicotinamide 100 mg, B5 as D Calcium Pantothenate 100 mg, B6 as Pyridoxal 5 Phosphate 25 mg, B7 as D Biotin 300 mcg, B9 as L 5 Methyltetrahydrofolate 400 mcg, B12 as Methylcobalamin 120 mcg and Adenosylcobalamin 120 mcg) -- high-dose bioavailable B vitamers to support brain health Vitamin D3 (Cholecalciferol) 50 mcg -- high-dose D vitamer to support brain and bone health Vitamin K Complex (K1 as Phylloquinone 250 mcg, K2 as Menaquinone 7 125 mcg) -- high-dose bioavailable K vitamers to support bone health Zinc (from Zinc Picolinate) 11 mg -- bioavailable form of Zinc to support mood Evening Stack Here's my evening geroprotector and nootropic stack. I take these supplements before sleep on most days. L Theanine 200 mg -- nootropic to promote relaxation Magnesium (from Magnesium Glycinate) 200 mg -- bioavailable form of Magnesium to promote relaxation and improve sleep quality Melatonin 5 mg -- nootropic geroprotector to promote sleep and support metabolic health Workout Stack Here's my workout nutrient stack. I take these supplements before or after workouts, sometimes in combination with second or third servings of supplements from my morning stack. Beta Alanine 3 g -- nutrient to enhance endurance Creatine Monohydrate 5 g -- nutrient to enhance strength Inositol 5 g -- nootropic to promote relaxation Protein (from Peas and Rice) -- nutrient to support muscle health Spirulina 3 g -- nutrient to support immune health Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid) 1000 mg -- high-dose C vitamer to support immune health Productive Energy Stack Here's my productive energy stack. I take these supplements occasionally, when I need an extra boost. Caffeine Anhydrous 100 mg -- nootropic to enhance energy L Theanine 200 mg -- nootropic to enhance relaxation Panax Ginseng Root Extract (7% Ginsenoside) 170 mg -- nootropic to enhance focus Immune Booster Stack And here's my immune booster stack. I take these supplements occasionally, when I'm concerned about the possibility of sickness. Echinacea -- nutrient to decrease length of sickness Pelargonium Sidoides -- nutrient to decrease severity of sickness Conclusion I think it's important to have realistic expectations in association with this stack. Unfortunately, nothing here is going to transform me or anyone else into a superintelligent immortal -- not even close. But what this stack can do, judging from clinical studies and my own experience, is make incremental improvements in day-to-day life. Hopefully, the daily benefits will add up to a significant extension of healthy life. And hopefully the extension of healthy life will increase my odds of being around long enough to benefit from more powerful therapies that biotechnological advances appear likely to enable in the future. Why do I care? Probably like you, I care about healthy life in the future for all the reasons that I care about healthy life now. Today and tomorrow both matter to me. And while powers beyond our own (grace or luck, as you may prefer) will always be the most substantial factors, I trust that our efforts, or lack thereof, can and will make a real difference.
Researchers at UC San Diego have developed a gene therapy strategy for chronic pain. It may provide better results than alternatives such as anti-inflammatories, opioids, physical therapy, spinal fusion surgery, or stem cell therapy. "What we have right now does not work," said UC San Diego bioengineer Ana Moreno, first author of the study. "There's a desperate need for a treatment that's effective, long-lasting and non-addictive.” The new therapy is described in a study published in Science Translational Medicine. It works by temporarily repressing a gene involved in sensing pain. The study reports that the researchers used the new therapy to increase pain tolerance in laboratory mice, lower their sensitivity to pain, and provide pain relief without causing numbness, both short- and long-term (many weeks). The new gene therapy could be used to provide treatment options for a broad range of chronic pain conditions. It could treat back pain due to painful discs, damaged discs, disc herniation, disc degeneration, or degenerative disc disease (DDD). It could provide treatment options for neuropathic pain disorders, diabetic polyneuropathy, erythromelalgia, sciatica, and osteoarthritis. And it could also provide relief for patients undergoing chemotherapy. The researchers used a version of the cut-and-paste gene editing technology CRISPR. The version of CRISPR used by the researchers relies on what's called "dead" Cas9, which lacks the ability to cut DNA. Instead, it sticks to a gene target and blocks its expression. The researchers used this approach to deactivate a gene in the spinal cord. By deactivating the gene, they repressed production of NaV1.7, which is a protein that is over-expressed in pain-transmitting neurons. The approach doesn't appear to affect other aspects of the spine, such as disc height, the nucleus pulposus, or genes in spinal disc cells. Moreover, the new gene therapy is “not cutting out any genes, so there are no permanent changes to the genome. You wouldn't want to permanently lose the ability to feel pain," said Moreno. "One of the biggest concerns with CRISPR gene editing is off-target effects. Once you cut DNA, that's it. You can't go back. With dead Cas9, we're not doing something irreversible." "In some common diseases, the issue is that a gene is being misexpressed. You don't want to completely shut it down," added UC San Diego bioengineering professor Prashant Mali. "But if you could turn down the dose of that gene, you could bring it to a level where it is not pathogenic. That is what we are doing here. We don't completely take away the pain phenotype, we dampen it." This approach “is superclever,” note experts not directly involved in the study, as reported in a commentary published in Science News. While cost could prevent a genetic strategy from becoming a treatment for a condition as common as chronic pain, this is a step in the right direction. The researchers also performed the same tests using an older gene editing tool called "zinc finger proteins," with similar results. Zinc finger proteins are derived from human proteins, and don’t cause immune responses. Therefore, pain treatments based on zinc finger proteins could be a better approach in practical medicine. Moreno and Mali co-founded the spinoff company Navega Therapeutics to work on preparing this gene therapy approach for clinical trials. They developed the approach at UC San Diego.
A 2016 clinical trial investigated the effect of vitamin D supplements on muscle strength and muscle function in middle-aged women. The trial also investigated the effect of vitamin D supplements on body composition: the percentages of fat, bone, water, and muscle in the body. 71 women, aged 40-55 years, were divided in two groups randomly. And they received a 1000 IU vitamin D3 tablet or a placebo, daily for 12 weeks. At the beginning and at the end of the study, researchers assessed and statistically analyzed the following: dietary intake body composition muscle strength and function vitamin D status physical activity level sun exposure All participants admitted in the trial had a serum 25(OH)-D of less than 25 ng/ml. This vitamin D level indicates deficiency. And this was one of the criteria that determined admission. A study, titled “ Effect of Vitamin D Supplement Consumption on Muscle Strength, Muscle Function and Body Composition in Vitamin D-deficient Middle-aged Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial ” (2016), is published in Nutrition and Food Sciences Research. It reports the background, methods, and conclusions of the clinical trial. The most important conclusion is that 1000 IU vitamin D supplements resulted in improvement in muscle function and body composition. Fat mass also decreased in the vitamin D group. However, 1000 IU vitamin D supplementation had no significant effect on muscle strength. In fact, it appears that vitamin D may have greater effects on muscle coordination than strength. The major natural source of vitamin D is sun exposure (specifically exposure to ultraviolet sunlight). Skin synthesizes the vitamin through chemical reactions. And, in turn, the vitamin facilitates many functions within the body, including development and maintenance of muscle cells. Conversely, vitamin D deficiency is most often due to insufficient exposure to sunlight. Vitamin D deficiency can also be caused by inadequate nutritional intake of vitamin D, as well as by disorders limiting vitamin D absorption and processing. Vitamin D deficiency results in weakened bones and increased risk of bone fractures. Previous research suggests that sarcopenia, the loss of muscle strength and muscle mass with aging, is also associated with vitamin D deficiency. Of course there’s nothing like spending time outdoors with plenty of sunlight. But that is not always an option, especially for those who live in places where sunlight is scarce, or those with significant mobility impairments. It’s good to know that supplements like Thrivous Tenacity can help people get higher levels of vitamin D.
An FDA-approved drug has been used successfully to treat type 2 diabetes for more than 60 years. Studies have already shown that it can slow aging in animals, if they're not already too old. Therefore, the question that jumps to mind is whether it may promote healthy aging in humans, enabling us to live longer. The drug is Metformin. Finding the answer is the goal of the TAME (Targeting Aging with Metformin) clinical trial. TAME is planned to be a series of six-year clinical trials at 14 leading research institutions across the United States. And it “will engage over 3,000 individuals between the ages of 65-79 … to provide proof-of-concept that aging can be treated, just as we treat diseases.” The Washington Post explains that “Metformin works on several metabolic and cellular processes linked to aging, including inflammation, waning chromosome repair, metabolic and immune dysfunction, and it improves the efficiency of the mitochondria, the ‘powerhouses’ within cells that drive respiration and energy.” See “ Metformin and Aging: A Review ” (2019), published in Gerontology. One 2014 study published in Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism has shown promising indications that diabetics who take Metformin live longer than non-diabetics who do not. The TAME trial is led by Nir Barzilai, director of the Institute for Aging Research at the Albert Einstein College of Medicine. Barzilai, who has long championed the life-lengthening powers of Metformin, has been taking it himself since 2015 after being diagnosed with pre-diabetes. However, he urges caution while waiting for the TAME results. “I wouldn’t recommend it to anyone until there is evidence from a clinical trial,” he told The Washington Post. A research paper is published in Aging Medicine (December 2020). It notes that TAME “may make metformin the first approved drug for anti‐aging, but, more importantly, since it is not testing metformin against a single disease but a collection of age‐related ones, it establishes aging as a medical condition that can be intervened or treated instead of an irreversible process outside human control.” The Washington Post echoes this important consideration. Since aging is not considered a disease, the FDA is unlikely to approve a drug for its anti-aging effects. But Metformin (an existing, approved, and long-used drug) could now be shown to prevent or delay age-related diseases such as dementia, heart disease, frailty, or cancer. In doing so, Metformin could slow the process of aging and extend life. If so, the FDA and drug makers could warm up to the concept that aging is a disease that should be cured. Widespread acceptance of this revolutionary concept would be, I think, a game changer. It would open the door to visionary life extension research projects that are too politically incorrect to pursue at this moment. Maybe 20 years from now, we'll have several FDA approved anti-aging drugs. They might function like Metformin, or like other promising drugs that target senescent cells. The American Foundation for Aging Research (AFAR) is seeking donors to fund TAME with $42 million. $11 million have been raised so far. “If the TAME Trial is successful, and aging is made an indication for treatment, a new era of treatments will be available,” reads the fundraiser.
The Nutrients journal recently published a special Issue on the role of precise and personalized nutrition for athletes. In it, a new study confirms the benefits of carbohydrate and caffeine supplementation. Previous research suggests that carbohydrate ingestion helps to maintain blood glucose levels. And caffeinated beverages, such as energy drinks, help to delay the onset of fatigue. This new study evaluated the effects of supplementation on repeated sprint ability (RSA). This is defined as the ability of an athlete to recover and maintain maximal effort during subsequent sprints. RSA can be trained and measured via high-intensity sprints interspersed with brief recovery bouts. And it's a key physical factor for sports such as soccer and hurling. Hurling is an intense team sport characterized by bouts of high-speed running, followed by active recovery. Players must hit a ball with a stick to score points against the competing team. Ten male hurling players were followed, over weeks of hurling match-play simulations, while receiving supplements. The supplements provided carbohydrate, carbohydrate plus caffeine, or placebo. Carbohydrate supplements were administered in a 6% maltodextrin solution. And caffeine supplements were administered in a capsule. To isolate the effects of the supplements, participants were instructed to follow nutritional guidelines for breakfast, lunch, dinner, and snacks. Participants were also instructed to refrain from alcohol, caffeinated food, caffeinated beverages, and vigorous exercise for 48 hours prior to laboratory testing and hurling match-play simulations. Researchers evaluated RSA of participants for each supplement regimen. The conclusions of the study are that the combined ingestion of carbohydrate plus caffeine increases sprint performance and reduces the influence of fatigue. This may work because caffeine magnifies the increase in glucose levels (blood sugar levels) that occurs after eating carbs, as shown in studies of persons with type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. According to the researchers, this study provides data for coaches and players who consider using carbohydrate plus caffeine supplements to improve sprint performance in intense sports. But the main conclusion of the study, that carbohydrate plus caffeine supplementation can increase physical performance, seems interesting for everyone. That probably includes people whose physical activity is moderate, or who want to be more active to facilitate weight loss. While the performance enhancing effects of caffeine have been investigated for over 100 years, the specific mechanisms of action are still debated to date. Caffeine is rapidly absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract and metabolized in the liver. Recent investigations suggest that responses to caffeine, and different amounts of caffeine, vary widely among people. On a personal note, I was raised in a Mediterranean culture, where we often consume caffeine and carbohydrates in the form of pasta and a cup of coffee. I can confirm that carbohydrates and caffeine have positive effects in sports and many other aspects of life. I understand, however, that eating too much pasta could have negative side effects. And not everyone is a coffee drinker. In these cases, carbohydrate and caffeine supplements like Thrivous Surge seem to be a good alternative.
Researchers at Harvard University and Broad Institute have shown that botulinum toxin proteins can be engineered to enable new medical applications. They can promote neuro-regeneration, regulate growth hormones, calm rampant inflammation, or dampen cytokine storm. The latter is a life-threatening immune response associated to COVID-19 and related diseases. Botulinum toxin is sold with the trade name botox, among others. Although it can be a deadly poison, many studies have shown that it is useful for cosmetic procedures. For example, botox injections can relax fascial muscles that cause wrinkles and frown lines. They do this by inhibiting release of acetylcholine, which would otherwise cause the muscles to contract. Beyond cosmetics, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved botox treatments for conditions such as: excessive sweating chronic migraines overactive bladder eyelid spasms crossed eyes Botox is also approved as a treatment for medical conditions like cervical dystonia, to relax the muscles that cause pain. When expertly applied, treatments are generally safe. And possible side effects tend to remain near the site of injection. Botox for Proteomics Now, the range of potential botulinum toxin applications and possible new uses for botox has been spectacularly expanded. In a study published in Science, the researchers describe how they successfully reprogrammed botulinum toxin proteins called proteases. Proteases cut proteins to either activate or deactivate them. The reprogrammed proteases are able to cut entirely new protein targets. Some have little or no similarity to the native targets of the starting proteases. And they can simultaneously avoid cutting or otherwise engaging their original targets. The researchers also started to design treatments that can cross into a cell. Unlike most large proteins, botulinum toxin proteases can enter neurons in large numbers. This gives them a wider reach that makes them all the more appealing as potential therapeutics. Now, there’s a clear path toward the ability to evolve custom proteases with tailor-made instructions for which protein to cut. "Such a capability could make 'editing the proteome' feasible," said professor David Liu, "in ways that complement the recent development of technologies to edit the genome." The proteome is the set of proteins that is, or can be, expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a given time, under defined conditions. Proteases can find and attach to any number of proteins. And, once bound, they can do more than just destroy their target. They could, for example, reactivate dormant proteins. Some diseases, like neurological damage following a stroke, could be successfully treated with protease-based therapies. But so far, said Liu, protease-based therapeutics have been limited by "the lack of a technology to generate proteases that cleave protein targets of our choosing." "At the outset," said Dr. Travis Blum, first author of the study, "we didn't know if it was even feasible to take this unique class of proteases and evolve them or teach them to cleave something new because that had never been done before." But using the PACE (Phage-Assisted Continuous Evolution) platform developed bi Liu’s team, the researchers evolved four proteases from three families of botulinum toxin. All four had no detected activity on their original targets and cut their new targets with a high level of specificity. "In theory, there is a really high ceiling for the number and type of conditions where you could intervene," concluded Blum. "We're still trying to understand the system's limitations, but in an ideal world, we can think about using these toxins to theoretically cleave any protein of interest."
Northwestern University researchers have discovered a new synthetic biomaterial that can mimic properties of brain tissue. The biomaterial is suitable for three dimensional (3D) printing. The findings have important implications for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Areas of application include treatment for Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease, as well as spinal cord injury. The new biomaterial is described in a research paper published in Advanced Science. Inside the biomaterial, “walking molecules” move around and reshuffle, self-assembling to form larger superstructures. The process can be controlled to modify the structure and functions of synthetic tissues, from the nanoscale to the scale of visible features. Bioactive signals, able to interact with cells, can be integrated into the biomaterial. "Typical biomaterials used in medicine like polymer hydrogels don't have the capabilities to allow molecules to self-assemble and move around within these assemblies," said researcher Tristan Clemons. "This phenomenon is unique to the systems we have developed here." With the new biomaterial, the researchers have demonstrated that the self-assembled superstructures can enhance neuron growth. "This is the first example where we've been able to take the phenomenon of molecular reshuffling we reported in 2018 and harness it for an application in regenerative medicine," said lead researcher Samuel I. Stupp, referring to a previous research paper published in Science. One of the molecules in the new biomaterial mimics a protein in the central nervous system known as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). This protein helps neurons survive by promoting synaptic connections and allowing neurons to be more plastic. While BDNF could be a valuable therapy for patients with neurodegenerative diseases and injuries in the spinal cord, it degrades quickly in the body and is expensive to produce. BDNF-like mimetic signals in the biomaterial could open the door to promising alternatives. The long-term implications of these findings are very intriguing. One day, surgeons could transplant healthy neurons into patients living with neurodegenerative diseases or brain and spinal cord injuries. The healthy neurons could be "grown" in the laboratory from a patient's own cells using the new biomaterial. And they could be transplanted back into the patients. After this proof of concept with neurons, the researchers plan to work on other areas of regenerative medicine. Simple chemical changes in the biomaterials would allow them to provide signals for a wide range of tissues. "Cartilage and heart tissue are very difficult to regenerate after injury or heart attacks, and the platform could be used to prepare these tissues in vitro from patient-derived cells," added Stupp. "These tissues could then be transplanted to help restore lost functions. Beyond these interventions, the materials could be used to build organoids to discover therapies or even directly implanted into tissues for regeneration since they are biodegradable." Designing biomaterials for 3D printing seems to be a promising approach to helping patients with neurodegenerative diseases. And it also seems promising for regenerative medicine at large.
Vitamin D deficiency has been associated with impaired muscle action, including muscle weakness and decreased muscle strength. There is an increasing amount of evidence that demonstrates the health benefits of adequate vitamin D levels. And evidence points to a positive effect of vitamin D supplements on physical performance. International health organizations recommend 400 to 6000 IU/day vitamin D supplementation. Recommendations depend on age and health status. A study published by researchers at the University of Gdansk, titled “The Effect of Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Physical Capacity among Active College-Aged Males,” was published in Nutrients. It concludes with good news. Vitamin D3 supplements with a dose of 6000 IU daily for eight weeks is sufficient to improve physical capacity and vitamin D3 levels. A total of 28 healthy, male subjects participated in the study. Subjects were divided into two groups (supplement and placebo). Initial physical capacity level, as well as vitamin D concentration, did not differ between supplement and placebo groups. Subjects from the supplement group were given 6000 IU of vitamin D3 daily in capsule form (2000 IU per capsule). The placebo group received identical-looking capsules containing sunflower oil. All participants (medical university students) took three capsules per day in the morning for eight weeks. And they took part in 3 hours per week of supervised physical activity. The participants were instructed to maintain their nutritional habits throughout the whole experiment. The researchers measured the relevant data before, during, and after the experiment. They demonstrated that supplements improve vitamin D levels. And they have a positive impact on both aerobic (VO2 max) and anaerobic performance. In practical terms, anaerobic exercise is more intense, but shorter in duration than aerobic exercise. Vitamin D supplements are good for both. On the other hand, the data imply that low vitamin D levels negatively influence both. And this is the case even in young people with fair aerobic physical fitness. Though all participants in this specific study were young men, it seems plausible to me that the results generalize to everyone. Keep in mind that this study applies to vitamin D3 supplements. Research shows that they are more effective than vitamin D2 supplements. Vitamin D3 is a form of vitamin D which is made by the skin when exposed to sunlight. Vitamin D3 is also found in some foods, such as oily fish and egg yolks. And it can be taken as a dietary supplement. Low vitamin D3 levels result from sunlight limitations. This may be due to geographical location. Or it may result from a lifestyle that includes spending most of the time indoors (both during work and in free time). Residents of Gdansk don’t get too much sunlight. I don’t live far from Gdansk. And there isn’t too much sunlight here either. But I’m writing this at 8am. And today is a sunny day. So I’ll go outdoors, enjoy the sunlight, and build up my vitamin D intake. Please do the same when you can. Talk to your doctor, and establish a workout routine. Last but not least, consider pre-workout vitamin D supplements like Thrivous Tenacity!
Researchers at MIT and other institutions have developed a miniaturized detection system that seems to detect diseases with even greater sensitivity than a dog's sense of smell. Dogs are able to smell many things that humans cannot. They have around 300 million scent receptors, compared to around 5 million in humans. And experts have trained dogs, including well-known breeds such as Labrador Retrievers and German Shepherds, to detect and alert us to the presence of disease. Some service dogs are trained to sniff skin, breath, or urine samples with a very high success rate. For example, medical detection dogs are smelling breast cancer and prostate cancer at a rate of 97% or higher. They are detecting Parkinson's Disease at a rate of up to 90%. And diabetic alert dogs can detect low blood sugar at a rate of 70% on average. "Dogs, for now 15 years or so, have been shown to be the earliest, most accurate disease detectors for anything that we've ever tried," said MIT researcher Andreas Mershin. "So far, many different types of cancer have been detected earlier by dogs than any other technology." The new miniaturized detector system is described in a research paper published in PLOS ONE. It incorporates mammalian olfactory receptors that act as sensors. The data captured by the sensors can be handled in real-time by a typical smartphone. The researchers tested urine samples from confirmed cases of prostate cancer and controls known to be free of the disease. They used both dogs, trained and handled by Medical Detection Dogs in the U.K., and the miniaturized detection system. The study confirmed that the sniffer dogs had "enormous potential” to detect cancer, said Clare Guest, founder of Medical Detection Dogs, as reported by BBC News. "The dogs have been able to identify these very aggressive cancers. This could lead to lifesaving work in the future that would enable us to understand the difference between other diseases of the prostate and those that will go on to kill men." But the new detection system has enormous potential as well. Actually, the detection hardware is 200 times more sensitive than a dog's nose in terms of being able to detect and identify tiny traces of different molecules. This was confirmed through controlled tests mandated by DARPA. However, in terms of interpreting detection results, the hardware is “100 percent dumber" than a dog, said Mershin. Emulating the nose of a dog is not enough. One has to also emulate the brain of the working dog, which integrates and interprets the molecular signals sensed by the nose. To do this, the researchers used a machine-learning program based on an artificial neural network. The combination of olfactory sensing and machine learning (“machine olfaction”) was able to match the success rates of the dogs. Both methods scored more than 70%. “We knew that the sensors are already better than what the dogs can do in terms of the limit of detection, but what we haven’t shown before is that we can train an artificial intelligence to mimic the dogs,” said Mershin. “And now we’ve shown that we can do this. We’ve shown that what the dog does can be replicated to a certain extent.” The researchers are persuaded that their work could someday lead to automated disease detection systems for smartphones. As a dog lover, I’m happy to see that our four-legged best friends inspire breakthrough medical technologies.
About one third (35%) of people who took a new drug for treating obesity lost more than one-fifth of their total body weight. The drug, semaglutide, works by hijacking the body's own appetite regulating system in the brain. It leads to reduced hunger and calorie intake. A study is published in New England Journal of Medicine. In it, the researchers report that participants in a large scale global trial lost an average 15.3 kg. This was accompanied by reductions in risk factors for heart disease and diabetes. For example, waist circumference, blood fats, blood sugar, and blood pressure decreased. And participants reported improvements in their overall quality of life. “The findings of this study represent a major breakthrough for improving the health of people with obesity,” said Rachel Batterham in a press release. It was issued by UCL, where she leads the Centre for Obesity Research. "Three quarters (75 percent) of people who received semaglutide 2.4mg lost more than 10 percent of their body weight and more than one-third lost more than 20 percent," she continued. "No other drug has come close to producing this level of weight loss - this really is a gamechanger. For the first time, people can achieve through drugs what was only possible through weight-loss surgery." Semaglutide is already approved and used clinically at a lower dose for treatment of diabetes. With evidence from this trial, semaglutide has been submitted for regulatory approval as a treatment for obesity. I’m one of too many people with excess weight. Deep down in my often aching bones, I know that I should lose weight. But I’m unwilling to give up the pleasure of good food in large doses. I’ll add that I don’t like exercise, to which I really prefer my armchair and a good book. So I guess I’m a card carrying member of the demographics targeted by this research. Perhaps some next-generation treatments will help us? Nanotech Promises Better Cancer Immunotherapy Researchers at UT Southwestern have shown that a new nanoparticle-based drug can boost the body's innate immune system. And it can make the immune system more effective at fighting off tumors. A study is published in Nature Biomedical Engineering. Researchers describe how to successfully target the immune molecule, STING. They do so with nanoparticles that can switch on/off immune activity in response to their physiological environment. This approach leads to a more effective immune response against multiple solid tumors. In the laboratory, mice survived longer and had slower tumor growth. The researchers are persuaded that this new nanotechnology approach offers a way to realize the exciting potential of STING activation without some of the limitations. Re-Educated Immune Cells Optimize Immunity Researchers at Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique (INRS) have identified a therapeutic approach to restore the effectiveness of immune cells. They were prompted by the need to improve conventional treatments for people infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). A specific group of patients, called "elite controllers," are able to live with the infection without any drug intervention. In a paper published in Autophagy, the researchers show that the strength of elite controllers comes from their energy metabolism within a certain type of immune cells. These immune cells can be "re-educated" using a soluble protein called interleukin-21 (IL-21). This optimizes their energy intake and immune function. These findings are not necessarily limited to HIV-1. They could have implications for other pathologies associated with persistent inflammation, such as cancer. Synthetic Gene Circuits for Cancer Treatment Bioengineers at Arizona State University have developed a new process for inserting synthetic gene circuits into cells. This could have broad implications for improving the effectiveness of a range of disease therapies. Synthetic gene circuits can be customized to fight disease, including cancer. But they often consume too much of the limited resources of a cell. A paper is published in Nature Communications. Bioengineers describe a way to insert individual gene circuits into multiple host cells that work collectively. Each cell performs a specific function, eliminating the undesired competition for resources of any host cell. The technology has broad implications for cancer treatment. Synthetic gene circuits may be constructed to prevent cancer cells from metastasizing. And this can simultaneously make them more receptive to treatment.
Researchers at University of Southern California (USC) are advancing toward personalized deep brain stimulation. This research could open the doors to major steps forward in achieving new therapies for a whole host of neurological and mental disorders. In fact, millions of patients suffering from neurological and mental disorders such as depression, addiction, and chronic pain are treatment-resistant. 30% of all major depression patients do not respond at all to any medication or therapy. A paper is published in Nature Biomedical Engineering. The researchers have found a way to predict what effect electrical stimulation will have on an individual's brain activity across multiple brain regions. To accomplish this, the researchers designed two tools. The first is a novel electrical stimulation wave to map brain activity. The second is a new machine-learning technique that learns the map from brain data collected during stimulation. "Our wave, which changes its amplitude and frequency randomly in time, allowed us to see and predict how the brain responded to a wide range of stimulation doses," explains lead researcher Maryam Shanechi in a press release issued by USC. What this means is that doctors may soon be able to personalize a "dose" of deep brain stimulation. This would be done on a case-by-case basis and in real-time by changing the amplitude and frequency of stimulation. "[We] hope to build closed loop brain-machine interfaces that adjust the dose of electrical stimulation therapy by tracking the symptoms in real-time based on brain activity and by predicting how a change in stimulation can change the activity and thus these symptoms," adds Shanechi. New Skin Cancer Therapies Yale researchers are developing a skin cancer treatment that involves injecting nanoparticles into the tumor. This would kill cancer cells with a two-pronged approach, as a potential alternative to surgery. A paper is published in PNAS. It describes the new treatment. Tumors are injected with polymer-based nanoparticles, carrying a chemotherapy agent. Key to the treatment's success is that the nanoparticles are bioadhesive. That is, they bind to the tumors and remain attached long enough to kill a significant number of the cancer cells. In related news, scientists at Boston University have discovered that a drug that was previously created to target one specific type of protein has much broader use against a family of proteins that act to promote melanoma. Melanoma is an aggressive type of skin cancer. The drug is YK-4-279. This finding is detailed in a paper published in Cancer Research. Improved Lung Function in COPD Patients Researchers at National Institutes of Health and their collaborators have found that inhaling unfragmented hyaluronan improves lung function in patients suffering from severe exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Hyaluronan is a sugar secreted by living tissue that acts as a scaffold for cells. It is also used in cosmetics as a skin moisturizer and as a nasal spray to moisturize lung airways. A study is published in Respiratory Research. It reports that hyaluronan shortened the amount of time that COPD patients in intensive care needed breathing support. It also decreased their number of days in the hospital, which saved money. DNA Change Repairs Immune Deficiency Researchers at Garvan Institute of Medical Research have discovered that three patients spontaneously repaired harmful variants in their DNA. The patients had a severe genetic immunodeficiency. And the spontaneous change restored normal immune function over time. Some spontaneous DNA changes are associated with the development of diseases like cancer. But in these three patients, a spontaneous DNA change, known as somatic reversion, had a positive effect. It repaired the faulty genes responsible for DOCK8 deficiency. The deficiency is a rare inherited condition. A study is published in Journal of Clinical Investigation. The researchers detail this discovery. And they suggest implications for future therapies and treatments for the often-fatal DOCK8 deficiency.
A controlled double-blind trial from India shows that Boswellia Serrata can enhance pain tolerance. In Ayurvedic medicine, the herb is also known as Indian Frankincense. The study is published in the Indian Journal of Pharmacology: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, cross-over study to evaluate the analgesic activity of Boswellia serrata in healthy volunteers using mechanical pain model The findings of the study are particularly interesting because they involve testing pain thresholds in healthy adults. That applies to most readers of this article. The active compound in Boswellia Serrata is 3-acetyl-11-keto-beta-boswellic acid (AKBA). AKBA binds to 5-LOX receptors, blocking active compounds from binding to it. This reduces the production of inflammatory leukotrienes. The Mechanics of Pain In the body, arachidonic acid can follow two main paths that cause inflammation and pain: the COX pathways, and the LOX pathway. The COX pathways produce prostaglandins that cause inflammation, fever, and pain. Aspirin and common non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents or drugs (NSAIDS) affect the COX pathways. Blocking the COX-1 pathway, such as with aspirin, can cause damage to the gastric lining. Blocking the COX-2 pathway, such as with prescription medications, can carry the risk of cardiovascular events and should be monitored. Ibuprofen blocks both the COX-1 and COX-2 pathways. The LOX pathway increases leukotrienes that cause inflammation, pain, allergy responses, and gastric damage. Blocking the LOX pathway, such as with Boswellia Serrata, reduces leukotrienes. And that may reduce inflammation and pain. For more details about the effect of Boswellia Serrata on the LOX pathway, see the work of Safayhi H, Mack T and others on " Boswellic acids: Novel, specific, non-redox inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase." A New Approach to Pain Reduction In the Indian clinical trial, researchers noted they were looking for treatments to relieve chronic pain, such as that caused by osteoarthritis or inflammatory bowel diseases. And they hoped to find something with fewer side effects than NSAIDS. GI bleeding, increased blood pressure, and heart and kidney problems are associated with NSAIDS. But instead of testing a new treatment on persons with disease, they decided to test it on healthy persons. Their reasoning was that this would help the study avoid confounding variables that often arise in tests on persons with disease. And the upshot, for the rest of us, is that their decision makes it easier to apply the results more broadly. Measuring Pain Threshold and Tolerance This study involved twelve healthy men, aged 18 to 45. The researchers used a validated mechanical pain model to measure pain threshold and pain tolerance. Pain threshold is the force applied when pain is first identified. And pain tolerance is the force applied when the pain is no longer bearable. The force was applied to the nail bed of the index finger on the non-dominant hand. Researchers used an instrument that increases force incrementally over time. Each participant went through a control run and then two trials in random order. One trial was after taking a placebo. The other trial was after taking a dietary supplement containing 250 mg of Boswellia extracts. Each trial included measurements at baseline, one hour, two hours, and three hours after consumption of the supplement. Pain threshold was improved at two and three hours after supplementation. The improvement was greater at three hours. Pain tolerance improved at one, two, and three hours after supplementation. None of participants reported adverse side effects. Although healthy adults don’t often get an intentional finger pinch, the test is still a standardized and measurable example of managing pain. In this study, a Boswellia Serrata supplement improved both the pain threshold and pain tolerance in healthy adults within hours of ingestion. Thrivous Tenacity Thrivous develops Tenacity Arthroprotector to enhance joint and bone function for better aging. Recommended long term use starts at one serving of two capsules daily. Maximum dosage is four servings daily. Some people find it helpful to take two capsules (each about 500 mg) three times daily with meals. Each serving of Tenacity provides a clinical dose of ApresFlex®. This is a patented extract of Boswellia Serrata, standardized to 20% AKBA. The supplement also provides clinical doses of complementary nutrients, including: Turmeric Curcumin S Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) Vitamin D3 Vitamin K Complex Thrivous bases each nutrient and each dose on multiple human studies. There are no untested or experimental ingredients. There are no placebo dust doses. And Thrivous publishes a summary of clinical studies, including systematic reviews, to help you become familiar with the science. Thrivous also puts Tenacity through rigorous quality control. Each bottle is tested and retested to verify the identity, potency, and safety of each nutrient. And Thrivous publishes a certificate of analysis and quality so that you can have the highest confidence. Tenacity Arthroprotector is available online in the store on the Thrivous website. Get yours today.
Many people all over the world are likely to receive the COVID-19 vaccine BBIBP-CorV, developed by the Chinese state-owned biopharmaceutical company Sinopharm. Many countries have approved the vaccine and announced plans to deploy it. For example Hungary, the country where I live, became the European Union’s first member to approve China’s Sinopharm COVID-19 vaccine. And Hungary sealed a deal for 5 million doses, Reuters reports. Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban said that he would personally opt to receive the Chinese vaccine, as he trusted it more than others. BBIBP-CorV is based on inactivated coronaviruses. This is an approach that has been used for over a century. And it works by teaching the immune system to make antibodies against the coronavirus, explains The New York Times. There was a limited clinical trial “aimed to assess the safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine candidate, BBIBP-CorV, in humans.” The preliminary results were published in The Lancet in October 2020. And they are encouraging. A press release issued by the journal states that the study detected antibody responses in all recipients by day 42 after vaccination. And it provides some data for participants aged over 60 years. The vaccine was safe and well tolerated at all tested doses, with no severe adverse reactions reported. More recently in December, the health ministry of the United Arab Emirates stated that the vaccine has 86 percent efficac. They cited an interim analysis of late-stage clinical trials yet to be published, Reuters reports. Chromosome Anomaly Is a Cancer Vulnerability An abnormal number of chromosomes (aneuploidy) is a unique characteristic of cancer cells that researchers have known about for decades. Scientists at Tel Aviv University (TAU) have shown how that could become a weak point for cancer cells. Approximately 90 percent of solid tumors, such as breast cancer and colon cancer, and 75 percent of blood cancers are aneuploid in nature. A study is published in Nature. It shows that aneuploid cancer cells demonstrate heightened sensitivity to damage to a critical cellular mechanism that ensures the proper separation of chromosomes during cell division. The study also reveals the molecular basis for the heightened sensitivity of aneuploid cancer cells. The scientists are persuaded that their research could lead to the development of future drugs that will use this vulnerability to eliminate cancer cells. Smartphone App for Neurodegenerative Diseases Researchers at Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) have invented a smartphone-controlled soft brain implant that can be recharged wirelessly from outside the body. It is described in a study published in Nature Communications. The implant enables long-term neural circuit manipulation without the need for periodic disruptive surgeries to replace a battery. It has been used to suppress cocaine-induced behavior in laboratory rats by delivering light stimulation into the brain, controlled with the smartphone app. The researchers believe this technology can help uncover and treat psychiatric disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. They may include addiction, depression, and Parkinson's. 3D-Printing for Bone Reconstruction Scientists at University of New South Wales Sydney have developed a ceramic-based ink. It may allow surgeons in the future to 3D-print bone parts, complete with living cells that could be used to repair damaged bone tissue. Using a 3D-printer that deploys a special ink made up of calcium phosphate, the scientists developed a new technique. It is known as ceramic omnidirectional bioprinting in cell-suspensions (COBICS). And it is described in a research paper published in Advanced Functional Materials. The new technique enables printing of bone-like structures that harden in a matter of minutes when placed in water. Potential applications include creation of bone in the lab for disease modeling, use as a bioactive material for dental restoration, and direct bone reconstruction in a patient.
I thought I'd seen it all when it came to brain boosting supplement scams, with Amazin Brain and then SF180 Brain Pills. But the company's latest scam, Vigor Smart, takes the cake. When visiting the official website for Vigor Smart, I found the same verbiage, endorsements, graphics, and pictures as Amazin Brain and SF180 Brain Pills. However, the fake news page was worse. Vigor Smart can kiss PR away for their fake press release. Using an “Entertainment Today” logo, their advertorial reports on 23 January 2021 that they got the “largest deal in Shark Tank history.” Supposedly, all five judges decided to invest more than a million dollars in the Vigor Smart supplement. However, when searching Shark Tank's official blog site, Vigor Smart doesn't appear. The last nootropic featured on Shark Tank was in the 10 April 2020 episode. The blog states that investors, Mark and Lori, tend to shy away from investing in any company making health claims. The maker of these brands lures consumers in with what appears to be 30-day free trial offers, with payment of shipping and handling via credit card. In a response to a Better Business Bureau complaint, Amazin Brain clarifies: “We do not offer sample sizes or free gifts, we send you a full 30 day supply and allow you to try our products free for 14 days at only the cost of shipping and handling. If you do not cancel within trial, upon expiration you are billed the retail price of the products as well as enrolled in an automated shipping program.” Vigor Smart's Mental Health Claims Vigor Smart claims to be a natural formula revolutionary brain supplement. It claims to eliminate brain fog and reduce stress and anxiety. And it claims to improve memory, focus, mental energy, brainpower, and overall brain health. However, nowhere on their site nor on Amazon.com could I find the nutrition label or ingredients of Vigor Smart. Nor could I find any listed side-effects like headache or dizziness. The front of the bottle shows it contains 700 mg total of L-Glutamine and Bacopa Monnieri. L-Glutamine is a readily available amino acid in meat and dairy. It is taken orally to improve the physical health of someone suffering severe wounds, burns, sickle cell anemia, or surgery. It has no nootropics benefits. Bacopa Monnieri is of Indian origin. It is used in Ayurveda medicine to improve cognitive functioning and memory by reducing stress. A daily supplement of Bacopa Monnieri has been shown to safely enhance cognitive performance. What's Missing Tells a Bigger Story Vigor Smart may be missing some of the most important nootropics, scientifically proven to enhance brain functioning. Ginkgo Biloba improves blood flow to the brain to support healthy brain aging. Phosphatidylserine is a fatty substance that helps protect brain cells, while increasing transmission capabilities between them. The only thing about Vigor Smart that doesn't look the same as Amazin Brain or SF 180 Brain Pills is the cost. For 60 capsules, Amazon sells Amazin Brain for $29.97. SF 180 Brain Pills sells for $36.40. And Vigor Smart sells for $49.95. That's less nootropic ingredients than either Amazin Brain or SF 180 Brain Pills for more money. Don't buy into this scam! Thrivous Nootropics If you're looking for nootropics to support healthy brain function and enhance cognition, Thrivous is a far better choice. Thrivous offers multiple nootropic products. They include Clarity Daily Nootropic to enhance memory, focus, and mood. Clarity contains only effective nootropic nutrients and doses. Each nutrient and each dose is based on multiple human studies. And Thrivous shares all of them in a summary of clinical studies, which you can download and review. Each bottle of Clarity passes through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Suppliers test the identity, potency, and safety of each nutrient. Third-party testers verify all test results with a second and third rounds of testing for each nutrient and their combination. And Thrivous publishes all of these test results in a certificate of analysis and quality, which you can download and review. In addition to exceptional science and quality, Thrivous provides exceptional value. Each bottle of Clarity is priced to provide the highest ratio of dose over price on the market anywhere in the world. You can find less expensive nootropic supplements. But they all provide nutrients or doses with less scientific evidence. Finally, Thrivous values your trust. That's why we publish extensive documentation on the science and quality of each product. That's why we verify and publish real reviews of each product. And that's why we have high ratings at consumer protection agencies, such as our A+ rating at the BBB.
Two patients have been cured of beta thalassemia and sickle cell disease, after their own genes were edited with CRISPR-Cas9 technology. This raises hopes for countless people all over the planet suffering from genetic diseases, and other diseases that may be open to genetic attacks. CRISPR-Cas9 technology pioneers Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 2020 as reported in Pulse 173. Sickle cell disease is an inherited defect of hemoglobin, the iron-containing protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen to cells throughout the body. Beta thalassemia is a blood disorder that reduces the production of hemoglobin. Sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia are major diseases in the world, notes a press release issued by University of Illinois Chicago (UIC). In Nigeria alone, five million people suffer from sickle cell disease. And many others suffer from this disease throughout Africa. 30% of transplants performed in India, which has 1.3 billion people, are to treat severe beta thalassemia. A research paper published in New England Journal of Medicine describes how CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing modified the DNA of stem cells by deleting the gene BCL11A. This is the gene responsible for suppressing fetal hemoglobin production. The first two patients to receive the treatment have had successful results and continue to be monitored. This gene-editing procedure has a huge potential, said Damiano Rondelli, Professor of Hematology at the UIC College of Medicine. “Cells of the same patient can be manipulated and can be transplanted without the risk of rejection or to cause immune reactions from the donor (graft-versus-host disease),” he said. “For the almost 900 patients with SC coming to our hospital, this should be great news.” Rondelli is on the steering committee for an international clinical trial. The trial is at an early stage. And the first patients will be followed for some time before expanding the numbers worldwide. This treatment could be a game-changer for world health. “The hope is that this treatment will be accessible and affordable in many low-middle-income countries [e.g. the Middle East, Africa, and India], and have an important impact in the lives of many people in these areas,” added Rondelli. Personalized Vaccine for Anti-Cancer Response Researchers at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Broad Institute have made advances in the development of a cancer vaccine. It is able to produce long-lasting anti-tumor responses in patients with melanoma. A study is published in Nature Medicine. It reports that, four years after patients with melanoma were treated with a personalized cancer vaccine, the immune response kindled by the vaccine remains robust and effective in keeping cancer cells under control. The vaccine is known as NeoVax. It works by targeting specific proteins on each patient's tumor cells. Four years after vaccination, all eight patients who participated in the study were alive. And six showed no signs of active disease. In two of the patients, cancer had spread to their lungs. They received an immune checkpoint inhibitor, a drug that loosens some of the restraints on the immune response to cancer. The researchers are persuaded that NeoVax can help control metastatic tumors, particularly when combined with immune checkpoint inhibition. Designer DNA May Treat Myeloma Scientists at UC San Diego School and Ionis Pharmaceuticals are researching how to treat myeloma. This is a type of blood cancer that eventually becomes resistant to existing treatments. The treatment silences IRF4, a gene that allows myeloma stem cells and tumor cells to proliferate and survive. A study is published in Cell Stem Cell. The scientists report their successes inhibiting IRF4 with an engineered piece of DNA, developed by Ionis and known as ION25. The treatment lowered disease burden, reduced myeloma stem cell abundance, and increased survival in laboratory mice bearing human myeloma. This preclinical result supports the launch of a Phase I clinical trial to test the new designer DNA agent. Flexible Biomaterial for Regenerative Medicine Researchers at University of Birmingham and Duke University have succeeded in fine-tuning a new thermoplastic biomaterial. They enabled both the rate at which it degrades in the body and its mechanical properties to be controlled independently. So far, regenerative medicine has been severely limited to a few materials which lack a diversity of properties. This new study is published in Nature Communications. The new biomaterial has been designed with specific stereochemistry that mimics natural rubber. This allows its mechanical properties to be finely controlled. It degrades gradually over a period of four months, with healthy tissues growing into and eventually replacing the implant.
Scientists have stored data in the genomes of living bacteria, Nature reports. Researchers at Columbia University designed bacteria “that, when zapped with electricity, make distinctive changes to their genomes. The ‘electricity on’ and ‘electricity off’ genomic patterns serve as the equivalent of the 1s and 0s used in digital computers.” A research paper is published in Nature Chemical Biology. It describes a new “electrogenetic” framework for direct storage of digital data in living cells. The scientists encoded binary data in 3-bit units into CRISPR arrays of bacterial cells by electrical stimulation. To demonstrate the new technology, the scientists electrically encoded up to 72 bits of data and wrote the message, “Hello world!” “Imagine having cellular hard-drives that can compute and physically reconfigure in real time,” research leader Harris Wang told Singularity Hub. “We feel that the first step is to be able to directly encode binary data into cells, without having to do in vitro DNA synthesis.” This has evident applications to data storage. This “may give James Bond a new tool for hiding messages in plain sight,” notes a summary published in Science. But perhaps this research program will have even more spectacular applications in life sciences and medicine. Creating a direct interface between silicon and genomes “could significantly accelerate our ability to reprogram cells for our own devices,” notes Singularity Hub. “If you can get the cells to directly talk to a computer, and interface its DNA-based memory system with a silicon-based memory system, then there are lots of possibilities in the future,” Wang said. Disabling a Single Gene May Slow Aging A genome-wide CRISPR-based screening technology has identified a new driver of cellular aging. This was reported in a press release issued by the Chinese Academy of Science. They added that this could form part of new strategies to delay aging and prevent aging-associated diseases. A research paper is published in Science Translational Medicine. It shows that disabling a gene called KAT7 by CRISPR can reduce cellular aging and senility. KAT7 is one of the catalysts for aging. The gene therapy is based on disabling a single gene or using KAT7 inhibitors. According to the researchers, this could extend mammal life. It could also slow down the aging of human liver cells and find applications in medicine against human aging. Nanoparticles for Vaccines Against Coronaviruses Caltech scientists are using nanoparticles to develop vaccines for a wide range of related coronaviruses. Their aim is to prevent future pandemics. The scientists have designed a protein-based nanoparticle onto which pieces of up to eight different types of coronavirus have been attached. The nanoparticle is shaped like a cage made up of 60 identical proteins. Each has a small protein tag that functions like a piece of Velcro. A research paper is published in Science. It reports that, when injected into mice, this nanoparticle induces the production of antibodies that react to a variety of different coronaviruses. They include similar viruses that were not presented on the nanoparticle. Only a Few Proteins Control Many Cancer Types By analyzing data from almost 10,000 patients, Columbia University researchers have found that tumors can be categorized into 112 subtypes. This is regardless of the cancer's origin. Within each subtype, “Master Regulator” proteins that control the cancer were virtually identical, independent of the specific genetic mutations of each patient. A paper is published in Cell. It indicates that the key genetic programs necessary for the survival of cancer cells are mechanistically controlled by only 24 Master Regulator modules. Each comprises just a handful of such proteins working in concert. The researchers are persuaded that this has the potential to streamline and improve cancer treatment in the future.
In 2016, researchers from the University of Padova in Italy published a study in the journal Nutrients. It demonstrated that a Mediterranean Diet, combined with a daily supplement of Curcumin and Boswellia Serrata Extract (BSE), has a protective effect against oxidative stress. Oxidative stress plays a major role in aging and the deterioration of health over time. The reason your mother taught you to eat your vegetables for the antioxidants is that they help combat oxidative stress. Curcumin and BSE are both powerful antioxidants, and Curcumin is anti-inflammatory as well. The Italian researchers behind the Nutrients study recruited a cohort of 47 male master cyclists — all healthy, high-performance athletes — to participate in the study. The cyclists made a useful study group because regular intensive exercise causes oxidative stress. That means these cyclists had pretty high baseline levels of the chemical markers the researchers were interested in. In athletes, oxidative stress can cause muscle damage and reduced athletic performance. It can also accumulate in the cells and tissues over time and accelerate age-related decline. The researchers wanted to see if diet and supplements could reduce the markers of oxidative stress in these athletes’ bodies. So they divided the athletes into two groups: The control group was prescribed a Mediterranean Diet. The treatment group was prescribed both a Mediterranean Diet and a daily supplement. The supplement was a tablet containing 140 mg of BSE and 10 mg of Curcumin, in a proprietary formula designed for easy cellular absorption. The researchers required all participants to keep a food diary and to return unused pills at the end of the trial, so they could verify compliance. Blood and urine samples were taken once at the beginning of the trial and once at the end, after 3 months. The blood and urine samples were examined for twelve different potential markers of oxidative stress. At the end of the study period, both the treatment and control groups exhibited a significant reduction in three of the twelve markers. This suggests that a Mediterranean Diet, by itself, goes a long way toward reducing oxidative stress. The treatment group also saw statistically significant reductions in two markers compared to the control group. They included a 47% reduction in total Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs). This suggests that treatment with Curcumin and BSE provides a substantial benefit beyond what a Mediterranean Diet confers. Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) can either be derived from food or produced within the body, especially under conditions of hyperglycemia or oxidative stress. AGEs cause harmful stiffening of tissues, such as skeletal muscle, tendons, joints, bone, heart, arteries, lungs, and skin. They accumulate in cells and skeletal muscle tissue as we age. Levels of AGEs in older adults seem to predict an earlier death. So a safe supplement that reduces levels of AGEs could have powerful anti-aging benefits. Both Curcumin and BSE had previously shown promise for reducing AGEs in vitro and in animal studies. But the Nutrients study is the first to document this effect in humans. Thrivous Tenacity Arthroprotector contains both 500 mg of Turmeric Rhizome Extract (95% Curcumin) and 100 mg of Boswellia Serrata Resin Extract. Maybe you’re a master cyclist looking to maximize athletic performance. Or maybe you're just a regular person looking to stave off age-related decline. Either way, Tenacity can offer you valuable protection against the chemical effects of stress.
Psychologists at Anglia Ruskin University, Karl Landsteiner University of Health Sciences, and Perdana University have found that spending time outdoors and switching off our devices is associated with higher levels of happiness during a period of COVID-19 restrictions. The psychologists measured levels of happiness amongst a group of 286 adults three times a day, at random intervals, over a 21-day period. The results of the study, published in Journal of Happiness Studies, indicate that levels of happiness were higher when participants were outdoors rather than indoors. In addition, more daily screen time and higher levels of loneliness were both associated with lower levels of happiness. The impact of loneliness on happiness was also weaker when participants were outdoors. "Our results are important in this context because they show that being able to spend time outdoors under conditions of lockdown has a beneficial impact on psychological wellbeing," said research co-leader Viren Swami. "Our findings have practical health policy implications." "Given that further lockdown restrictions have now become necessary in the UK, public health messages that promote getting some fresh air instead of staying indoors and staring at our screens could really help to lift people's mood this winter." I can personally testify that this is true, or at least that these are the remedies that I instinctively adopted with good results to avoid lockdown unhappiness. Since the lockdowns started, I spend much more time outdoors. I am lucky enough to have easy access to the unspoiled woods. And I hike daily for hours with my wife & doggy. That results in spending much less time online. More true views, less fake news. If you find yourself unhappy, consider doing that. Nanoparticle COVID19 Vaccine in Development Scientists at Stanford University are developing a single-shot COVID-19 vaccine that does not require a cold-chain for storage or transport. The new vaccine is expected to be cheap to produce. And the target population is low- and middle-income countries. The new vaccine is described in a paper published in ACS Central Science. It contains nanoparticles loaded with the same proteins that comprise the virus' distinctive surface spikes. After a single dose, two nanoparticle vaccine candidates both resulted in high antibody levels in laboratory mice. The scientists are persuaded that this is a solid starting point for what could be a single-dose vaccine regimen. And it wouldn't rely on using a virus to generate protective antibodies following vaccination. Nanoparticles Break Blood Clots from Inside Out Engineering researchers at North Carolina State University have developed a new technique for eliminating particularly tough blood clots. The technique uses engineered nanodroplets and an ultrasound drill to break up the clots from the inside out. The technique has not yet gone through clinical testing. In vitro testing has shown promising results, as described in a study published in Microsystems & Nanoengineering. In related news, scientists at German Cancer Research Center and Heidelberg University have found that using anticoagulants to eliminate blood clots is helpful against metastatic brain cancer in laboratory mice. It prevents the tumor cells from penetrating into the brain tissue. This link between blood clots and cancer is explored in a study published in Blood. Chemotherapy Plus Magnetic Nanoparticles Scientists at University College London have found that loading a chemotherapy drug onto tiny magnetic particles can heat up cancer cells while delivering the drug to them. This was up to 34% more effective at destroying cancer cells than the chemotherapy drug without added heat. A research paper is published in Journal of Materials Chemistry B. It reports that the scientists used magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles that carry the chemotherapy drug and release heat when exposed to an alternating magnetic field. Once the nanoparticles have accumulated in a tumor, an alternating magnetic field can be applied from outside the body. This allows heat and chemotherapy to be delivered simultaneously. The scientists are persuaded that combining chemotherapy with heat treatment delivered via magnetic nanoparticles has enormous potential.
This is good news for all those who fear pain after dental surgery. Orally administered magnesium seems to significantly reduce postoperative pain. The results of this trial show a statistically significant pain level reduction and greater mouth opening ability for the participants who received magnesium preparations, compared to placebos. New Study: Effect of orally administered magnesium on postoperative pain level and trismus after surgical removal of the lower third molars: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03398382. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial evaluated the effect of orally administered magnesium on postoperative pain and trismus after surgical removal of the lower third molars. The results of the study indicate that orally administered magnesium (either lozenges or tablets) before and after a lower third molar surgical removal significantly reduces pain intensity and the degree of trismus in the postoperative period. Alpha Lipoic Acid May Promote Weight Loss New Study: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Long-Term (R)-alpha-Lipoic Acid Supplementation Promotes Weight Loss in Overweight or Obese Adults without Altering Baseline Elevated Plasma Triglyceride Concentrations This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00765310. α-Lipoic acid (LA) is a dietary supplement for maintaining energy balance. The conclusions of the trial indicate that long-term LA supplementation results in body mass index (BMI) loss, greater antioxidant enzyme synthesis, and less potential for inflammation in overweight adults. Improved cellular bioenergetics is also evident in some individuals given (R)-α-lipoic acid (R-LA). Caffeine and Theanine May Improve Performance New Study: Effects of acute caffeine, theanine and tyrosine supplementation on mental and physical performance in athletes This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03019523. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether the acute ingestion of a supplement containing caffeine, theanine, and tyrosine improves mental and physical performance in athletes. The results of the investigation indicate that a combination of a low-dose of caffeine with theanine and tyrosine may improve athletes' movement accuracy surrounding bouts of exhaustive exercise without altering subjective variables. Based on this finding, supplementation with caffeine, theanine, and tyrosine could potentially hold ergogenic value for athletes in sports requiring rapid and accurate movements. Turmeric and Boswellia May Support Joint Comfort New Study: Efficacy of high-dissolution turmeric-sesame formulation for pain relief in adult subjects with acute musculoskeletal pain compared to acetaminophen: A randomized controlled study Management of joint comfort with plant-based nutrients has remained suboptimal due to an absence of data supporting acute relief of pain. In this study, it was hypothesized that high-dissolution liquid treatment of black sesame extract oil, Curcuma longa, and Boswellia serrata may provide pain relief in people with acute musculoskeletal pain. The results of the study show that the treatment may act as a natural, fast acting, and safe alternative to promote joint comfort, comparable to acetaminophen. And results indicate that the treatment may act as quickly as acetaminophen (paracetamol), which is one of the most commonly used over-the-counter drugs. Thrivous Supplements Thrivous develops supplements that incorporate Magnesium, Alpha Lipoic Acid, Caffeine, L Theanine, Turmeric, and Boswellia: Serenity Nightly Nootropic provides a clinical dose of Magnesium Glycinate and L Theanine, along with Melatonin, to enhance relaxation and sleep. Alpha Neuroprotector provides a clinical dose of R Alpha Lipoic Acid with complementary nutrients to support healthy brain and nerve function. Surge Acute Nootropic provides clinical doses of Caffeine and L Theanine to enhance energy and focus. Tenacity Arthroprotector provides clinical doses of Turmeric and Boswellia, among other ingredients, to support healthy joint and bone function. These and other Thrivous supplements are available to purchase online through the Thrivous website.
The government of the United Kingdom has accepted the recommendation from the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (MHRA) to authorize Oxford University and AstraZeneca’s COVID-19 vaccine for use. “This follows rigorous clinical trials and a thorough analysis of the data by experts at the MHRA, which has concluded that the vaccine has met its strict standards of safety, quality and effectiveness,” notes a press release issued by the U.K. government. The vaccine, called AZD1222, joins the growing family of COVID-19 vaccines approved for use. “The MHRA’s decision was based on independent advice from its Commission on Human Medicines following a rolling review of trial data that included an interim analysis of the Phase III programme led by the University of Oxford,” reports a press release issued by AstraZeneca. The trial data were also published in The Lancet on 8 December 2020. Time explains that AZD1222 “uses a ‘viral vector,’ introducing a harmless virus - in this case a virus that causes the common cold in chimpanzees - modified with the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein to stimulate an immune response.” AZD1222 is not the most effective COVID-19 vaccine, according to the published trial results. Stage 3 clinical trials suggest it prevents COVID-19 symptoms about 70% of the time vs. about 95% for the Pfizer and Moderna vaccines. But “it’s cheaper and easier to handle and store." AZD1222 will cost $3 to $4 per dose around the world. And it remains viable for up to six months with standard refrigeration. Therefore, the vaccine is expected to make a big difference in the less developed regions of the world. AstraZeneca hopes to make 3 billion doses of AZD1222 in 2021. With the current two-dose regimen, that’s enough to vaccinate nearly 20 percent of the world’s population. On January 4, dialysis patient Brian Pinker, 82, became the first person to receive the AZD1222 Covid-19 vaccine, as reported by BBC News. “Health Secretary Matt Hancock told BBC Breakfast the Oxford vaccine rollout was a ‘pivotal moment’ in the fight against coronavirus, saying: ‘It's going to be a tough few weeks ahead, but this is the way out.’” New Ways to Sensitize Cancer to Immunotherapy Researchers at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center have learned how cancer cells avoid immune defenses and metastasize (spread). A paper is published in Cancer Discovery. It indicates that immune reactions triggered by cancer cells fail to eliminate cancer due, in part, to a molecule sitting on the outside of the cancer cells that destroys the warning signals before they ever reach neighboring immune cells. The findings help to explain why some tumors do not respond to immunotherapy. And they suggest ways to sensitize tumors to immunotherapy, opening up potential new avenues for treatment. The researchers showed that this approach was effective in laboratory mice. Drug Improves Leukemia Survival Results from a clinical trial called QUAZAR, led by Monash University, show that a drug called CC-486 delivers a 30% improvement in survival in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). And it significantly improves survival in older patients, over the age of 55. AML is the most acute blood cancer in adults. And its incidence increases with age, with a poor prognosis. With current treatments, the majority of older patients will die of their disease within 2 years of diagnosis. After intensive chemotherapy, the risk of AML relapse is high. The QUAZAR trial involved 472 patients, with an average age of 68 years. They were either given CC-486 or a placebo. A study is published in New England Journal of Medicine. It indicates that the patients receiving the drug had an average survival of almost 25 months after chemotherapy. That's compared to those who did not take the drug, whose average survival was almost 15 months. New Compounds Outperform Antibiotics Scientists at Wistar Institute have discovered a new class of compounds. They uniquely combine direct antibiotic killing of drug-resistant bacteria with a simultaneous rapid immune response for combating antimicrobial resistance. A study is published in Nature. It shows that available compounds, called IspH inhibitors, stimulate the immune system with more potent bacterial killing activity and specificity than current best-in-class antibiotics, when tested on antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the lab. The scientists used computer modeling to screen several million commercially available IspH inhibitors. And they selected the most potent ones as starting points for drug discovery.
It's time for good resolutions for the new year. Psychologists at the University of Rochester suggest that we should set goals that aim to help others. Working toward such goals will also add to our own well-being. “If you want to make a New Year’s resolution that really makes you happy, think about the ways in which you can contribute to the world,” says professor emeritus Richard Ryan. “We found that when people are focused on giving to others they experience deeper satisfactions than when their goals are more self-oriented,” adds Ryan. “For example, experiments show that doing something benevolent for others, even when you will never meet the beneficiary, increases your positive mood and energy. Most recently, we published a study about what we call people’s ‘integrative span.’” The study is published in Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. “We discovered that your happiness increases as your focus of concern and care gets wider,” continues Ryan. “If your main concerns and cares are narrow and selfish - just about ‘me and the people very close to me,’ versus about ‘my family and my community,’ versus about ‘the larger world and everything in it’ - the less happy you are prone to be. A broader scope of caring and concern for others, in contrast, predicts a higher well-being.” So, go ahead and make New Year’s resolutions that aim to help others and contribute to the world in small (or big) ways. And don’t be too harsh on yourself when you encounter the inevitable setbacks, lapses, and failures. Ryan’s final advice is, “remember to be a compassionate self-coach.” CRISPR Used to Develop Vaccine for Parasite Scientists at University of Zurich are developing a (harmless) experimental live vaccine for Toxoplasma gondii. The widespread parasite puts people with a weakened immune system at risk and can trigger malformations in the womb. To this end, the scientists are using modified CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing scissors. They permit making alterations to the genetic material of single-cell organisms that are indistinguishable from natural mutations. A research paper is published in Journal of Biological Methods. It describes a modified CRISPR-Cas9 that can deactivate a gene without errors and unintended genetic alterations, in a way which is indistinguishable from naturally occurring mutations. Gene Therapy for Deafness Works in Lab Mice Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed an innovative treatment for deafness. It's based on the delivery of genetic material into the cells of the inner ear. The genetic material replaces a genetic defect and enables the cells to continue functioning normally. A study is published in EMBO Molecular Medicine. It describes how the researchers created a harmless synthetic virus and used it to deliver genetic material (a normal version of a defective mutated gene) to the inner ear of laboratory mice. The treated mice developed normal hearing, with sensitivity almost identical to that of healthy mice without the mutation. According to the researchers, this novel therapy could lead to a breakthrough in treating children born with various mutations that eventually cause deafness. Common Anti-Diarrhea Drug Could Treat Cancer Two years ago, scientists led by Goethe University found evidence indicating that the common anti-diarrhea drug loperamide could be used to induce cell death in glioblastoma cell lines. The drug is sold under the brand name Imodium, among others. The scientists have now deciphered the mechanism of action of the drug. Glioblastoma is a very aggressive and lethal type of cancer in children and adults. And it responds poorly to chemotherapy. A research paper is published in Autophagy. It indicates that loperamide triggers a mechanism, known as autophagy-dependent cell death, that drives cancer cells to “digest themselves.” The scientists are persuaded that the loperamide-induced death of glioblastoma cells could help in the development of new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of this severe form of cancer.
Researchers at Tel Aviv University have found that coronaviruses can be killed efficiently, quickly, and cheaply using ultraviolet (UV) light-emitting diodes (UV-LEDs). The researchers believe that the UV-LED technology will soon be available for private and commercial use. "The entire world is currently looking for effective solutions to disinfect the coronavirus," said lead researcher Hadas Mamane. "The problem is that in order to disinfect a bus, train, sports hall, or plane by chemical spraying, you need physical manpower, and in order for the spraying to be effective, you have to give the chemical time to act on the surface. Disinfection systems based on LED bulbs, however, can be installed in the ventilation system and air conditioner, for example, and sterilize the air sucked in and then emitted into the room.” A study is published in Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology. It reports that LED bulbs with a wavelength of 265 nanometers required less than half a minute to destroy more than 99.9 percent of coronaviruses. These bulbs are cheap compared to those for other wavelengths. This sounds like a final solution to the problem of how to remove coronaviruses from human habitats. It is important to ensure that people are not directly exposed to UV light, which is dangerous. However, UV LED bulbs installed in air conditioning systems would be able to efficiently disinfect large surfaces and spaces. "We discovered that it is quite simple to kill the coronavirus using LED bulbs that radiate ultraviolet light," said Mamane. "We killed the viruses using cheaper and more readily available LED bulbs, which consume little energy and do not contain mercury like regular bulbs. Our research has commercial and societal implications, given the possibility of using such LED bulbs in all areas of our lives, safely and quickly." Protein Stops Relapse in Cancer Immunotherapy Mount Sinai scientists have explained why cancer immunotherapy completely eliminates tumors in many patients. And it works even when not all the cells in tumors have the molecular target that the therapy is aimed at. This is shown in a research paper published in Cancer Discovery. Cancer immunotherapies target antigens, or proteins, on the surface of tumor cells. But they also kill adjacent tumor cells that lack the targets. This is due to the presence of a protein called fas. Regulating fas may be a route to preventing relapse in cancer immunotherapy patients. CRISPR Engineers Mice for Vaccine Research Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and Harvard University have developed a one-step method to produce mice with genetically engineered human B cell receptors in just a few weeks. B cell receptors are specialized antibodies bound to the B cell membrane. And they are an important component of the immune system. The method uses CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing technology. And it is described in a paper published in The EMBO Journal. Using the method, researchers could produce genetically engineered mice for pre-clinical vaccine evaluation in dramatically shortened timelines (weeks instead of years). The researchers are persuaded that the new method may allow scientists studying vaccines and antibody evolution to tremendously speed up their research. And this would enable them to respond much more quickly and flexibly to new developments in the field. Herbal Compound May Kill Pancreatic Cancer Researchers at Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), an affiliate of City of Hope, have suggested that a compound derived from thunder god vine is able to kill cancer cells. The herb has been used in China for centuries to treat joint pain, swelling, and fever. The results of a pre-clinical study are published in Oncogenesis. They indicate that a water-soluble compound, called Minnelide, appears to attack pancreatic cancer. The compound is based on the medicinal plant's key ingredient, triptolide. According to the researchers, this approach may provide an effective treatment option for pancreatic cancer patients.
It is often said that emotional well-being depends on innate traits that can’t be learned. But scientists at the Center for Healthy Minds of University of Wisconsin, Madison, have presented scientific evidence to the contrary, published in PNAS. It suggests that emotional well-being can be cultivated through practice in daily life. For example, awareness appears to decrease stress and increase positive emotions. And it can be strengthened through mental training practices like meditation. "There are qualities of a healthy mind that many people don't know are even trainable," says lead researcher Cortland Dahl. "We don't think of them as skills. Many of us have thought we are hardwired to be like this or that, but the reality is these qualities are much more trainable and malleable than we think. It's a very empowering view of the human mind - we can learn to be in the driver's seat of our own mind." Insight can be trained by getting curious about one’s own preconceived thoughts and opinions. According to Center for Healthy Minds director Richard Davidson, "this has tremendous potential to heal the division and 'othering' that we see in today's society." Another trainable trait that contributes to emotional well-being is purpose in life. It's associated with positive biological and physical health outcomes. "It's really the 'how' of well-being," says researcher Christy Wilson-Mendenhall. "Traditionally, the focus in psychology research has been on treatment of mental illness. We're hoping to broaden the conversation to advocate cultivating well-being at any stage, even when you're relatively healthy." Magnetic Bacteria Delivers Cancer Drug to Tumors Researchers at ETH Zurich have investigated how to use a magnetic field to control magnetic bacteria. This may be a way to precisely deliver cancer drugs to tumors. Microrobots inspired by bacteria, small enough to be inserted into blood vessels, are able to tweak the blood flow and direct the transport of drugs. But the ETH researchers are studying how to use real magnetic bacteria, directed by magnetic fields. A study is published in Advanced Functional Materials. It reports that, with many bacteria in a swarm, it proved possible to move the fluid surrounding them. The bacteria produce an effect similar to that of a micropump. This means they are able to move active substances present in the fluid in different directions. For example, they can move substances from the bloodstream into the tumor tissue. Future applications could use synthetic biology to combine the advantages of several bacterial species. Personal Genomics Device and iPhone App Scientists at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory have built a mobile genome sequence analyzer. This makes DNA analysis portable and accessible anywhere in the world. A new iPhone app called iGenomics can be used with a handheld DNA sequencer paired to the iPhone. It allows users to create a mobile genetics laboratory. The iPhone app was developed to complement the tiny DNA sequencing devices being made by Oxford Nanopore. A research paper is published in GigaScience. It reports that the iGenomics algorithm can quickly map DNA sequences of viral pathogens. And it can identify mutations important for diagnosis and treatment. iGenomics is available for free on Apple's App Store. And the open source code of the application is available from GitHub. Therapy Activates Immune Cells Against Cancer Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have proposed a new approach to cancer therapy. A study is published in Nature Communications. The study shows that a commonly used chemotherapy drug, gemcitabine, can be transformed into a drug that kills cancer cells. This is done in a specialized way, activating immune cells to fight the cancer. The study reports that gemcitabine, combined with the anti-inflammatory drug celecoxib, was transformed into an immunogenic drug. And the scientists are persuaded that the immune response will perform even better after adding an immunotherapy drug to the regimen.
Scientists at UC San Francisco have found that just a few doses of an experimental drug called ISRIB can reverse age-related declines in memory and mental flexibility in laboratory mice. A study published in eLife reports rapid restoration of youthful cognitive abilities in aged mice. The change was accompanied by a rejuvenation of brain and immune cells that could help explain improvements in brain function. “ISRIB’s extremely rapid effects show for the first time that a significant component of age-related cognitive losses may be caused by a kind of reversible physiological 'blockage' rather than more permanent degradation,” said Professor Susanna Rosi. “We’ve seen how ISRIB restores cognition in animals with traumatic brain injury, which in many ways is like a sped-up version of age-related cognitive decline... asking whether the drug could reverse symptoms of aging itself was just a logical next step.” ISRIB (ISR InhiBitor) was discovered in 2013 in Professor Peter Walter ’s lab. It works by rebooting the protein production machinery of cells damaged by “Integrated Stress Response” (ISR). The drug has already been shown in laboratory studies to restore memory function months after traumatic brain injury. It may also reverse cognitive impairments in Down Syndrome, prevent noise-related hearing loss, fight certain types of prostate cancer, and even enhance cognition in healthy animals. UCSF has licensed ISRIB to Calico. Calico is a company founded by Google to research potential applications to combat aging. “The data suggest that the aged brain has not permanently lost essential cognitive capacities, as was commonly assumed, but rather that these cognitive resources are still there but have been somehow blocked, trapped by a vicious cycle of cellular stress,” said Walter. “Our work with ISRIB demonstrates a way to break that cycle and restore cognitive abilities that had become walled off over time.” Vision Restored in Old Mice Harvard Medical School scientists have successfully restored vision in laboratory mice. They did this by reprogramming aged eye cells in the retina to recapture youthful gene function. A research paper is published in Nature. It reports that the scientists used an adeno-associated virus (AAV) to deliver into the retinas of mice three “youth-restoring” genes that are normally switched on during embryonic development. Besides resetting the cells’ aging clock, the scientists successfully reversed vision loss in animals with a condition mimicking human glaucoma. Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness around the world. According to the scientists, this represents the first demonstration that it may be possible to safely reprogram complex tissues, such as the nerve cells of the eye, to an earlier age. According to Nature News, this suggests a new approach to reversing age-related decline. When some cells are reprogrammed to a ‘younger’ state, they are better able to repair or replace damaged tissue. Gigantic AI Leap Solves Protein Folding Problem DeepMind is an Artificial Intelligence (AI) company and research laboratory founded in 2010 and acquired by Google in 2014. It has announced that its AI system, AlphaFold, is able to solve the protein folding problem. It can determine a protein’s 3D shape from its amino-acid sequence. Solving the protein folding problem is very important because what a protein does largely depends on its unique 3D structure. Therefore, the ability to predict the 3D structure of a protein is expected to be a very significantly boost to drug discovery and analysis, among other things. The CASP evaluation group stated in a press release that AlphaFold “has proved capable of determining the shape of many proteins... to a level of accuracy comparable to that achieved with expensive and time-consuming lab experiments.” According to experts interviewed by Nature, this is a gigantic leap that will “change everything” and a game changer for life sciences and medicine. Designer Virus Trains Body To Fight Cancer City of Hope scientists have developed a cancer-killing virus. It could one day improve the immune system's ability to eradicate tumors in colon cancer patients. This is reported in a study published in Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. The new oncolytic (cancer-killing) designer virus is called CF33. It trains the immune system to target a specific cancer cell. Preclinical models show that using CF33 in combination with other therapeutic agents leads to lasting anti-tumor immunity. This means that if a similar cancer cell ever tries to regrow, the immune system will be ready and waiting to shut it down.
Doctors prescribe a diabetes drug known as metformin to encourage the cellular processing of glucose in type-2 diabetes patients with insulin resistance. Metformin accomplishes this by inhibiting cellular respiration. (Respiration, you say? Like breathing? Yes — mitochondrial cells “breathe” in the sense of taking up oxygen from the blood, using it to produce energy, and then releasing carbon dioxide into the blood as a waste product.) Recently, scientists have shown that metformin also extends lifespan in animal models. Diabetes patients treated with the drug tend to enjoy longer lives as well. But it’s unclear whether that’s just because it helps with their disease, or whether they might be benefiting from a more general anti-aging property of the drug. Might the drug be able to extend the lives of non-diabetic patients? Clinical trials are now under way to answer that question. But there’s a caveat after close examination of the animal studies. The studies that show an anti-aging benefit from metformin focused on animals treated with the drug from young adulthood, whereas studies in older animals found either no benefit or a harmful toxicity. This observation led a team of researchers from Germany to more closely examine whether metformin affects cells differently depending on their stage of life. In a paper published last month in Nature Metabolism, the German team studied metformin’s effects in different age cohorts of roundworms and human cell cultures. The topline finding from the paper is that “metformin shortens lifespan when provided in late life, contrary to its positive effects in young organisms.” In elderly organisms “it exacerbates ageing-associated mitochondrial dysfunction, causing respiratory failure.” More specifically, the researchers divided their roundworms into 10 age cohorts, and their metformin treatment into three dosage levels. In the four youngest cohorts, all three dosage levels increased the animals’ median and maximal lifespan. In the eighth (middle-aged) cohort, however, only the lowest dose reliably increased lifespan, while higher doses had mixed effects. And in the tenth (oldest) cohort, metformin proved toxic at all dosage levels, “with a large population of drug-exposed animals dying within first 24h of treatment.” The researchers concluded that “Our tests thus revealed an age-dependent decrease in metformin tolerance, which culminated in late-life toxicity of all metformin doses tested, indicating possible safety risks of late-life metformin administration.” The researchers used human skin-cell cultures to study at a molecular level how this works. Mitochondria use oxygen to produce ATP, the molecular “fuel” consumed in nearly all biological processes. When metformin restricts oxygen intake in younger human cells, the cellular metabolism adapts by kicking ATP production into a higher gear. As a result, ATP levels remain steady. But as we age and our mitochondria deteriorate, our cells lose their adaptability. As a result, in late-life cells exposed to metformin, the German team observed a strong decline in levels of ATP. Deprived of ATP, the cells died. Think of metformin like one of those altitude-training masks that runners wear. Just as the mask promotes the runner’s cardiovascular health by restricting intake of oxygen, so metformin seems to promote mitochondrial health by restricting the cell’s intake of oxygen. But what works for the young might be dangerous to the elderly, which is why you don’t often see eighty-year-olds running around in altitude-training masks. Their cardiovascular health is too fragile for such rigorous work. The German team’s findings on metformin have implications for other anti-aging treatments that work by inducing stress. The researchers note that metformin works by the same mechanism as “dietary restriction” (DR), a lifestyle practice often touted for its anti-aging benefits. Recent research has suggested that DR, like metformin, may be less effective when adopted for the first time in old age. The German team therefore “questions whether longevity interventions, such as metformin and DR, which act via induction of metabolic stress, are suitable for old organisms, affected by mitochondrial frailty and impaired metabolic plasticity.” It’s almost certainly a mistake to wait until old age to think about longevity. The time to start training the body for longevity is when it’s still young, healthy, and adaptable. An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure, as they say. And nowhere is this more true than in the inexorable, yet postponable decline of the body due to age. The benefits of Thrivous nutritional supplements accrue over a lifetime, not overnight, which means the time to subscribe to a Thrivous Stack is today.
Researchers at Trinity College, in collaboration with clinical teams at Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital and Mater Hospital, have developed a new gene therapy. The approach offers promise for one day treating dominant optic atrophy (DOA). It's an eye disease that leads to a progressive loss of vision and affects thousands of people across the globe. There is currently no way to prevent or cure DOA. The new therapy is described in a study published in Frontiers in Neuroscience. It also has implications for a much wider suite of neurological disorders associated with aging. “We used a clever lab technique that allows scientists to provide a specific gene to cells that need it using specially engineered non-harmful viruses,” said research co-leader Dr. Daniel Maloney. A gene called OPA1 provides instructions for making a protein crucial to the proper functioning of mitochondria, which are the energy producers in cells. Mutations in OPA1 cause malfunctioning of mitochondria. That's followed by the onset and progression of DOA. The new research development permits providing working versions of OPA1 to cells. “Having worked together with patients over many years who live with visual and neurological disorders it would be a privilege to play a role in a treatment that may one day help many,” added research co-leader Prof. Jane Farrar. At the same time, Farrar cautioned against excessive expectations for the short term. “We are very excited by the prospect of this new gene therapy strategy, although it is important to highlight that there is still a long journey to complete from a research and development perspective before this therapeutic approach may one day be available as a treatment,” she said. This can and should be said for all medical research breakthroughs. They typically take a long time to progress from research labs to clinical applications. But, eventually, research advances mature and help patients. Also, in breaking news, DeepMind has just announced that the Artificial Intelligence (AI) system AlphaFold is able to solve the protein folding problem. According to Nature, this is a gigantic leap and a game changer for life sciences and medicine. More in next week’s Pulse. New Drug Guides Stem Cells to Damaged Tissue Scientists at Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute have created a drug, called SDV1a. It can guide stem cells to damaged tissue and improve the efficacy of stem cell treatments. The discovery is described in a research paper published in PNAS. It could improve current stem cell therapies designed to treat neurological disorders. Examples include spinal cord injury, stroke, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and other neurodegenerative disorders. The discovery could also expand the use of stem cell therapies to other medical conditions, such as heart disease or arthritis. According to the scientists, this is a scientific first and a major advance for the field of regenerative medicine. Programming Super Immune Cells Against Cancer Researchers at Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center have reprogrammed immune-system T cells into regenerative stem cell-like memory (TSCM) cells. They are long-lived, highly active “super immune cells” with strong antitumor activity. A paper is published in Nature Immunology. It shows that reprogramming T cells into TSCM cells can significantly improve T cell immunotherapies for cancer patients. In T cell immunotherapy, immune-system T cells are separated out from a patient's blood. Then they are engineered and expanded with special tumor-targeting capabilities. And finally, they are infused back into the patient to fight cancer. The new research results also show that drugs already approved for human use may significantly enhance currently available immune therapeutic approaches. This may lead to better and more durable anti-cancer responses. Cancer Vaccine Combined Immunotherapy Drug Scientists led by Ohio State University have proposed a potential therapeutic anticancer vaccine. It would free suppressed cancer-killing immune cells, enabling them to attack and destroy a tumor. A study is published in OncoImmunology. It reports encouraging preclinical results in laboratory animals with colon cancer. According to the scientists, the vaccine, used in combination with an immunotherapy drug, super-charges and specifically directs the immune system to target and kill cancer cells.. The combination treatment produced complete responses in nine of ten animals.
Scientists at Tel Aviv University and Shamir Medical Center have shown that hyperbaric oxygen treatments in healthy aging adults can stop the aging of blood cells and reverse the aging process. In the biological sense, the blood cells actually grow younger as the treatments progress. The scientists studied the impact of hyperbaric oxygen treatments (HBOT) on 35 healthy persons aged 64 or over. They aimed to discover whether such treatments can slow down, stop, or even reverse the normal aging process at the cellular level. The study results, published in Aging, indicate that the treatments actually reversed the aging process in two of its major aspects: The telomeres at the ends of the chromosomes grew longer instead of shorter, at a rate of 20-38 percent for the different cell types. The percentage of senescent cells in the overall cell population was reduced significantly, by 11-37 percent depending on cell type. "Senescent cells have been linked to many of the chronic conditions associated with old age, including arthritis, osteoporosis, diabetes and dementia," explains The Times. "Aging also shows itself through the shortening of pieces of DNA... known as telomeres... Longer telomeres are thought to guard against some illnesses." "Today telomere shortening is considered the 'Holy Grail' of the biology of aging," said research co-leader Shai Efrati. "Researchers around the world are trying to develop pharmacological and environmental interventions that enable telomere elongation. Our HBOT protocol was able to achieve this, proving that the aging process can in fact be reversed at the basic cellular-molecular level." "Until now, interventions such as lifestyle modifications and intense exercise were shown to have some inhibiting effect on telomere shortening," added research co-leader Amir Hadanny. "But in our study, only three months of HBOT were able to elongate telomeres at rates far beyond any currently available interventions or lifestyle modifications. With this pioneering study, we have opened a door for further research on the cellular impact of HBOT and its potential for reversing the aging process." A Popular Mechanics headline reads, " It Sure Looks Like Humans Have Found a Way to Reverse Aging." CRISPR Gene Editing Destroys Cancer Cells Researchers at Tel Aviv University have demonstrated that the CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing system is very effective in treating metastatic cancers in laboratory mice. This could be a significant step on the way to finding a cure for cancer. The researchers developed a novel nanoparticle-based delivery system. It is described in a paper published in Science Advances. The system specifically targets cancer cells and destroys them by CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. The researchers emphasize that this is the first study to prove that the CRISPR genome editing system can be used to treat cancer effectively in a living animal. There are no severe side effects like in chemotherapy. And the technology opens numerous new possibilities for treating other diseases. Synthetic Organic Compounds Kill Cancer Cells Scientists at Tokyo University of Science are developing drugs that can kill cancer cells. A research paper is published in ACS Omega. The scientists found ways to synthesize organic compounds called "phenazines." The compounds have cellular toxicity effects that can be directed against cancerous cells. The synthetic compounds are more than four times more selectively toxic to cancer cells than normal cells. The scientists are persuaded that their research can assist in the creation of new anticancer drugs with minimal side effects. Antidepressant Inhibits Growth of Cancer Cells Researchers at KU Leuven have shown that the antidepressant sertraline helps to inhibit the growth of cancer cells. The substance acts on a metabolic addiction that allows different types of cancer to grow. Cancer cells produce large amounts of serine and glycine, two amino acids. And this stimulates the growth of cancer cells to such an extent that they become addicted to serine and glycine. A study is published in Molecular Cancer Therapeutics. It demonstrates that sertraline inhibits the production of serine and glycine, causing decreased growth of cancer cells. The safety of using sertraline in humans has already been well described.
Many articles recently have discussed the immune supporting benefits of vitamin D. But did you know there are also studies suggesting it supports muscle recovery too? There are vitamin D receptors on most cells of the body. So inadequate levels can affect many systems. There is disagreement on the ideal level of vitamin D. And, this week, we have a study suggesting that there may be benefits to supplementation even if blood levels are already high. In this case, "high" means above the 20 mg/ml level recommended by the Institute of Medicine, or the 30 mg/ml recommended by the Endocrine Society. Vitamin D Enhances Running Recovery New Study: The effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum total 25(OH) levels and biochemical markers of skeletal muscles in runners Eccentric muscle contraction is when tension is applied to a muscle as it lengthens. This occurs when walking down stairs or running downhill. Eccentric exercises increase the chance of muscle injury and delayed onset muscle soreness. Vitamin D is involved with muscles. A deficiency has been found to increase the risk of muscle myopathy, weakness, and fatigue. One goal of further research is to find ways to help muscle cells amplify recovery mechanisms. This study looked at the effect of vitamin D supplements on biomarkers of inflammation and injury. Twenty four male ultramarathon runners received a placebo or 1,000 IU vitamin D twice a day for 3 weeks. All had blood vitamin D levels above the recommended 30 mg/ml. The participants completed a standard treadmill test. Then they performed a 30-minute downhill run test, as the eccentric exercise. The supplement group experienced an increase in blood vitamin D levels by about 5 ng/ml, though the group still averaged less than 50 ng/ml. They also experienced a drop in muscle damage indicators, troponin and creatine kinase at rest. Their troponin was lower immediately after exercise. And their creatine kinase was lower 24 hours post exercise. Perhaps most notable, there was a significant negative association between vitamin D blood levels and myoglobulin and troponin levels 24 hours after exercise. This suggests that, when vitamin D blood levels were brought to a higher level, the skeletal muscles were quicker to heal. The researchers concluded, "Three weeks of supplementation had a beneficial effect on certain parameters of skeletal muscle function." And "lower serum levels of biomarkers of skeletal muscle damage and vitamin D status improvement might, in turn, have significantly decreased the individual recovery time from eccentric exercise." Combine B Vitamins for Cognitive Enhancement New Study: Effects of Folic Acid and Vitamin B12, Alone and in Combination on Cognitive Function and Inflammatory Factors in the Elderly with Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Single-blind Experimental Design This study sought to determine whether folic acid and vitamin B12 supplements can help improve cognitive performance. The thought is that these vitamins are associated with reducing inflammation. And inflammation is suspected to impair cognitive function. The study involved 240 people with mild cognitive impairment. They took nothing, folic acid alone (400 micrograms), vitamin B12 alone (25 micrograms), or folic acid (400 micrograms) plus vitamin B12 (25 micrograms) for 6 months. After 6 months, the group that took both folic acid and vitamin B12 experienced greater improvements in serum folate and vitamin B12. They also had a greater reduction in the inflammatory markers homocysteine, IL-6, TNF-α, and MCP-1. The group with the combined supplement also showed improvement in full scale IQ, verbal IQ, information, and digit span scores. These results suggest memory benefits. The combination of folic acid and vitamin B12 was significantly superior to either folic acid or vitamin B12 alone. Similar Caffeine Effects for All CYP1A2 Genotypes New Study: CYP1A2 genotype and acute effects of caffeine on resistance exercise, jumping, and sprinting performance This study examined the influence of the CYP1A2 gene on the outcomes of 3 mg/kg of bodyweight caffeine intake. The researchers looked specifically at resistance exercise, jumping, and cycling in resistance-trained men. Among the 22 men, thirteen carried two A alleles and nine carried at least one C allele, suspected to slow the rate of caffeine metabolism. They had each participated in resistance training for at least six months. Daily use of caffeine was not noted. Participants completed the resistance exercises an hour after taking a placebo. They also completed the exercises after taking 3 mg caffeine per kg bodyweight. The trials were spaced a week apart. The participants were asked to refrain from caffeine after 6 pm the day prior to the testing. The benefits of caffeine was seen in improvements to movement velocity, power output, number of repetitions until muscle failure, and jump height. The authors found no significant differences in the effects of caffeine between the two genotype groups. The researchers mentioned that the differences between genotypes might only become apparent at higher doses of caffeine. They also acknowledged a potential weakness in their study. They combined the AC/CC genotypes together because only ~10% of the population is thought to have the CC genotype. Thrivous Tenacity Thrivous develops Tenacity Arthroprotector to enhance joint and bone function for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of vitamin D, along with other science-backed geroprotector nutrients. As indicated in our clinical study review this week, Tenacity may also help improve recovery after exercise. Thrivous also develops Clarity for sustained cognitive enhancement, as well as Surge for acute cognitive and performance enhancement. Respectively, they provide clinical doses of B vitamin complex and caffeine, among other effective nootropics. All Thrivous supplements pass through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Suppliers check the identity, potency, and safety of each ingredient. Manufacturing and third-parties test each ingredient and their combination again, to double- and and triple-check all of the test results. And Thrivous publishes all test results openly and prominently on each product webpage. Tenacity, Clarity, and Surge are available to purchase on the Thrivous website. Get yours today!
According to a new study out of the Cleveland Clinic, melatonin is associated with lower rates of infection with SARS-CoV-2, commonly known as coronavirus or COVID-19. Published in PLoS Biology, the study applies statistical techniques to large datasets in an effort to identify likely and promising therapies. The study belongs to the emerging discipline of bioinformatics. This is an emerging interdisciplinary field that sits at intersections of biology, computer science, and mathematics. The Cleveland Clinic study compares datasets of the proteins implicated in various diseases, including COVID-19. This allows the researchers to create a network map showing COVID-19’s pathological similarity or “proximity” to other diseases. The network map helps the researchers explain co-morbidities and identify drugs that might be repurposed to treat COVID-19. For instance, asthma is a major risk factor for COVID-19. Looking at their network map, the researchers see that asthma and COVID-19 target some of the same cells and increase expression of some of the same genes. COVID-19 also decreases levels of metabolites known to protect against asthma. These are thus the likely biological pathways of comorbidity between asthma and COVID-19. Network analysis also shows a significant proximity between COVID-19 and inflammatory bowel disease. IBD is not a significant risk factor for COVID-19 diagnosis. But apparently the two diseases operate on some of the same intestinal proteins, which helps explain why diarrhea is a common symptom of COVID-19. Network Analysis of Melatonin and COVID-19 Medical researchers working on COVID-19 have sought to find drugs already approved by the FDA to treat other diseases that might be repurposed to fight COVID-19. The Cleveland Clinic researchers reason that we should focus on drugs designated for those diseases with the highest network proximity to COVID-19. These are drugs and diseases that affect the same pathways and proteins as COVID-19. The researchers computationally analyzed 3,000 FDA-approved or investigational drugs. And they were able to identify 16 drug candidates and 3 drug combinations that should be given high priority as trial therapies for COVID-19. From a non-practitioner’s perspective, the most exciting part of the Cleveland Clinic study is its analysis of data on 26,779 individuals from a COVID-19 registry. The researchers find that melatonin usage in this population "is significantly associated with a 28% reduced likelihood of a positive laboratory test result for SARS-CoV-2." The association is particularly large among African Americans, "with a 52% reduced likelihood of a positive laboratory test result for SARS-CoV-2." No conclusions can be drawn about melatonin as a treatment for any disease. But this correlation in a large-scale patient dataset is promising. And it suggests that "randomized controlled clinical trials are urgently needed to test meaningfully the effect of melatonin for COVID-19." This is particularly urgent for older patients. The body produces melatonin naturally in the pineal gland and throughout the gastrointestinal tract. But melatonin levels decrease with age. And older patients are at particular risk from COVID-19. Fortunately, several randomized controlled trials testing melatonin’s effect on COVID-19 are already under way. Hopefully, we'll soon have a better idea of whether increased melatonin use can help. And ideally, we'll learn more about the amount of melatonin and the method of administration that would be required. Health Benefits of Melatonin Supplements Although melatonin is not a treatment for any disease, research does point to a role for melatonin supplements in support of healthy immune system function. According to the Cleveland Clinic, studies showed that "melatonin suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome activation induced by cigarette smoking and attenuates pulmonary inflammation." Another study observes that "melatonin enhances both innate and cellular immunity." As described in the study, melatonin acts on the immune system via white blood cells. When stimulated via their melatonin receptors, the cells increase production of cytokines. And cytokines, in turn, mediate various immune functions. In addition, researchers suggest that melatonin supplements may provide a number of other health benefits. For instance, melatonin shows promise for anti-aging. And studies have shown that melatonin can influence circadian rhythm, thereby functioning as an aid for sleep or jet lag.
Psychologists at University of British Columbia have analyzed how people use three major social platforms: Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram. And they analyzed how that use can impact a person's overall well-being. A study is published in Journal of Happiness Studies. It argues that, while most people gain happiness from interacting with others face-to-face, some come away from using social media with a feeling of negativity, for a variety of different reasons. For example, many social media users report that the more they compare themselves to others while using social media, the less happy they feel. But the study also reveals how people can use social media positively. According to Associate Professor Derrick Wirtz, people should avoid passively scrolling and resist comparing themselves to other social media users. Instead, people should use social media "to enable direct interactions and social connectedness - for example, talking online synchronously or arranging time spent with others in-person, when possible and with proper precautions." "If we all remember to do that, the negative impact of social media use could be reduced - and social network sites could even have the potential to improve our well-being and happiness," adds Wirtz. "In other words, we need to remember how we use social media has the potential to shape the effects on our day-to-day happiness." Pfizer Announces Data for COVID-19 Vaccine “Drugmaker Pfizer said Monday an early look at data from its coronavirus vaccine shows it is more than 90 percent effective - a much better than expected efficacy if the trend continues,” CNN reports. A press release has been issued by Pfizer. It announces that the vaccine candidate BNT162b2 has demonstrated evidence of efficacy against COVID-19 in participants without prior evidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection. This is based on the first interim efficacy analysis. It was conducted on November 8, 2020 by an external independent Data Monitoring Committee (DMC) from the Phase 3 clinical study. The case split between vaccinated individuals and those who received the placebo indicates a vaccine efficacy rate above 90 percent. Llama Antibodies as Weapon Against COVID-19 Researchers at University of Pittsburgh have developed a new method to extract tiny but extremely powerful SARS-CoV-2 antibody fragments from llamas. A study is published in Science. The study indicates that these special llama antibodies, called "nanobodies," are much smaller than human antibodies and many times more effective at neutralizing the SARS-CoV-2 virus. They're also much more stable. A llama was infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. After two months, the animal's immune system produced mature nanobodies against the virus. The nanobodies could be fashioned into inhalable therapeutics with the potential to prevent and treat COVID-19. New Promising Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease Scientists at Uppsala University have described a new treatment method for Alzheimer's disease. In this disease, a protein forms clumps in the brain and causes sufferers to lose their memory. The new treatment is detailed in a research paper published in Theranostics. It increases the body's ability to degrade the building blocks that lead to these protein clumps. The scientists fused somatostatin to a brain transport protein which allows the somatostatin to enter the brain. Somatostatin is known to improve the body’s ability to degrade the harmful protein clumps. This has proven very effective in laboratory mice. “Ultrapotent” Candidate Vaccine Against COVID-19 Researchers at University of Washington have developed an “ultrapotent” nanoparticle candidate vaccine against COVID-19. The new candidate vaccine was developed using computer-based vaccine design techniques invented at University of Washington. It is described in a paper published in Cell. The vaccine is based on a self-assembling protein nanoparticle loaded with the SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Many leading COVID-19 vaccine candidates are based on the soluble SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. By way of comparison, the new nanoparticle vaccine produced ten times more neutralizing antibodies in laboratory mice, even at a six-fold lower vaccine dose. The molecular structure of the vaccine roughly mimics that of a virus. This may account for its enhanced ability to provoke an immune response.
The dietary supplement, SF 180 Brain Pills, claims to be a proven dietary formula to boost blood circulation and increase oxygen levels sent to the brain. SF 180 further claims to boost brain power, to help people think faster, focus better, reduce brain fog, enhance memory, and more. But it’s just another scam. SF 180 does cite a study to back up their claims. The study states that ginkgo biloba, an ingredient in SF 180, will increase blood flow and hence oxygen saturation to brain cells. An ad in eturbonews.com informs consumers that it takes a period of time from 2 to 3 months to possibly see the maximum brain enhancement benefit of taking SF 180's smart pill daily as directed on the label. However, for maximum brain function, 120-240 mg of ginkgo biloba should be taken 1-4 hours before desired cognitive performance. For adults suffering short term memory decline, 40-120 mg should be taken three times daily. When taken as directed, SF 180 only provides 100 mg of ginkgo biloba daily. The etrubonews.com ad states no negative side effects have been seen. This statement is followed by, “should you have any suspicions, click on any button or picture on this page to see if there is a free trial.” The repeated offers of a free trial on SF 180's website are reminiscent of Amazin Brain. SF180 Brain Supplement Website SF180 Brain Supplement Reviews The Better Business Bureau (BBB) does not have information for the vendor SF 180 Brain. However, it does have a listing for Natural Cleanse Plus SF 180, which happens to have the same Florida address as the vendor Amazin Brain. The Natural Cleanse Plus SF 180 vendor shows a pattern of complaints of continued billing without customer knowledge. A customer review on Amazon informs the public how SF 180 operates their 30-day free trial. The customer pays for the shipping of their free trial with a bank card. If the customer does not request a free extension within fourteen days after ordering at SF 180's toll-free number, SF 180 will automatically enroll the user in a subscription and charge the card accordingly. The most troubling thing about SF180 is its similarity to other supplement scams that Thrivous has reviewed in the past. They use similar websites, with the same fake reviews. And they employ similar manipulative and deceptive marketing and sales tactics. Check out our review of Apollo Mental Clarity for several examples. SF180 Brain Formula Ingredients Along with ginkgo biloba, SF 180 brain formula contains: B Vitamins (6.6 mg Vitamin B6, 266.66 mcg Folic Acid, 20 mcg Vitamin B12) – Deficiencies can lead to cognitive impairment. Bacopa Monnieri (300 mg) – Bacopa is used as a memory enhancer and to alleviate stress and anxiety. Eleutherococcus Senticosus (150 mg) – There’s some evidence for a minor benefit to the body's natural ability to handle stress. GABA (66.6 mg) – GABA regulates downers in the brain, but doesn’t have much effect when taken orally. Alpha Lipoic Acid (33.4 mg) – This is far below a standard dose of 300-600 mg, which can support brain health. Amazon sells SF 180 Brain for $36.40 per bottle containing 60 capsules. Slimfit180.com sells the same 60 capsules for $72.00. Thrivous Offers Superior Options If you’re looking for a healthy brain supplement, Thrivous offers far superior options without the scam. All of the product reviews on our website are from real customers with verified purchases. We never charge our customers without their consent. And we have an A+ rating at the BBB. The science that backs Thrivous formulas is exceptional. In consultation with our science advisor board, we review decades of clinical research from scientists around the world. Our algorithms rank hundreds of nutrients according to evidence, efficacy, and safety. And our formulas include only the best nutrients, with doses that reflect multiple human studies. The quality of Thrivous formulas is also exceptional. Our supplements pass through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Manufacturing checks and double-checks all the test results of our suppliers. And we publish all certificates of analysis for public review. Take a look at Clarity and Alpha Stack. Thrivous designed Clarity to enhance memory, focus, and mood. And Alpha supports brain and nerve function for long term healthy aging. They’re available in combination at a substantial discount.
Amazin Brain is a dietary supplement that claims to boost memory and brain power while reducing stress and anxiety. They promote this product as giving the user a genius-level boost when tired, when having symptoms of brain fog, or even after a hard night drinking. But watch out! It may be dangerous and has all the signs of a scam. Amazin Brain paid for a product review ad with AP News. In the ad, they claim the supplement “keeps your brain focused and healthy always and prevents brain cells damages due to free radicals.” However, nowhere in the ad or on Amazin Brain's website do they give evidence for their claims. In the ad, they state that overdosing on the formula must be avoided due to negative health effects, but they don’t identify possible side effects. Amazin Brain Ingredients The supplement facts label is available on Amazon. It says that Amazin Brain pills contain 2 mg of Folic Acid. Folic Acid helps manage depression and memory loss associated with aging. However, the Amazin Brain product uses 500% of the recommended daily amount (RDA) of folic acid. The RDA of folic acid is 400 mcg. Prolonged exposure at 250% of folic acid's RDA has been linked to an increased rate of cancer, especially colon cancer. Amazin Brain also contains 50 mcg of vitamin B12. Studies estimate 5-60% of people over age 65 are deficient in vitamin B12. A vitamin B12 deficiency can lead to anemia, damage to peripheral nerves, and cognitive impairment. Amazin Brain also contains eight ingredients lumped together inside 640 mg. Because the individual amount of each of these eight ingredients is unknown, safe dosages cannot be determined. These eight ingredients include: Bacopa Monnieri is used in Ayurvedic medicine to boost brain function and improve memory power. Ginkgo Biloba helps improve blood flow to the brain. And studies suggest that it may support brain health during aging. DMAE is found in fish oil and is a natural fatty acid. A study of DMAE found that it did little to improve cognitive function for aging persons. Phosphatidylserine is a fatty substance that covers and protects brain cells along with transmitting messages between brain cells. Amazon sells Amazin Brain for $29.97 per a bottle containing 60 capsules. The label instructs users to take two capsules per day or as directed by your medical provider. If taking two capsules per day, as recommended, this supplement costs a dollar a day. Amazin Brain Website Amazin Brain Reviews The Better Business Bureau (BBB) reports a pattern of complaints against the vendor of Amazin Brain. The complaints are twofold. First, consumers signed up for what was promoted as a free trial to find unexpected charges on their credit card. Second, Amazin Brain is using fake celebrity endorsements in its advertising on Facebook and Costco. The BBB contacted Amazin Brain in March 2020 to address these complaints. They have not yet received a response. The Amazin Brain website design looks a lot like the designs of scam websites that Thrivous has reviewed in the past. It contains similar fake reviews. And the AP News ad is similar to the use of fake news to promote other scam websites. For an example, take a look at the review of Apollo Mental Clarity. Thrivous Is Better If you’re looking for science-backed health supplements, Thrivous is a far better alternative. We develop nootropic supplements to enhance mental ability and geroprotector supplements to promote healthy aging. Each ingredient and each dose is based on multiple human studies. And each ingredient and their combination passes through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Notably, Thrivous is completely transparent about science and quality. For each product, we publish a summary of clinical studies that provides citations and links to primary research. And we publish a certificate of analysis and quality that provides all test results from our suppliers, manufacturing, and third-parties. These are exceptional practices in the supplement industry. In addition, customers love Thrivous. They give us glowing reviews. And we have an A+ rating at the BBB. Here are a few Thrivous products that might interest you: Clarity Daily Nootropic is designed to enhance memory, focus, and mood. Alpha Neuroprotector is designed to enhance brain and nerve function for better aging. And Surge is a fast-acting nootropic, designed to enhance energy level and productivity. All of these brain supplements are available to purchase on the Thrivous website. Get yours today!
Psychologists have found that people who feel enthusiastic and cheerful are less likely to experience memory decline as they age. Psychologists call this "positive affect." The findings are published in Psychological Science. And they add to a growing body of research on positive affect's role in healthy aging. The psychologists analyzed data from 991 middle-aged and older U.S. adults. They participated in national studies conducted during three time periods: 1995 to 1996, 2004 to 2006, and 2013 to 2014. The psychologists examined the association between positive affect and memory decline. And they accounted for age, gender, education, depression, negative affect, and extraversion. "Our findings showed that memory declined with age," said senior author Claudia Haase, an associate professor at Northwestern University, in a press release issued by Association for Psychological Science. "However, individuals with higher levels of positive affect had a less steep memory decline over the course of almost a decade," added lead author Emily Hittner, a PhD graduate of Northwestern University. This is good news for those people who tend to feel enthusiastic and cheerful. But what about other people? One could think that this is a basic temperamental trait that can’t be "fixed." But I think a positive outlook can be encouraged and fostered. That certainly seems to be the case for children, and probably also for adults to a more limited degree. This would have an important positive impact on healthy aging. Ultra-fast Radiation to Treat Cancer Better Scientists at UC Irvine and Lausanne University Hospital are developing ways to treat cancer without debilitating side effects. A research paper is published in Clinical Cancer Research. It reports that the scientists used an ultra-high dose rate of “Flash” radiation therapy (Flash-RT) to eliminate brain tumors in mice. The new therapy bypasses key side effects usually caused by cranial irradiation. Traditional radiation therapy exposes a tumor and nearby normal tissue to radiation for several minutes at a time. But Flash-RT allows delivery of the same dose in only tenths of seconds. This significantly decreases side effects. Flash-RT has also been used to treat lung, skin, and intestinal cancers. The scientists think that, in 10 years, Flash-RT may become a widespread option for radiotherapy patients worldwide. Exercise Boosts Body's Ability to Inhibit Cancer Researchers at Karolinska Institutet have found a likely explanation of why exercise helps slow down cancer growth in mice. There are many indications that physical activity activates the immune system and thereby bolsters the body's ability to prevent and inhibit cancer growth. But how this works in detail is unknown. Now a new study is published in eLife. It indicates that physical activity changes the metabolism of cytotoxic T cells. These are the immune system’s cells that kill cancer cells. And this change in metabolism improves their ability to attack cancer cells. Exercise affects the production of several molecules and metabolites that activate cancer-fighting immune cells and thereby inhibit cancer growth. The researchers are persuaded that these research results could inform the development of new immunotherapies against cancer. Cells From COVID-19 Patients May Protect Others Scientists led by Children's National Hospital have found that immune T cells, taken from the blood of people who recovered from a COVID-19 infection, can help treat other COVID-19 patients. A research paper is published in Blood. It shows that these T cells can be successfully multiplied in the lab. And they maintain the ability to effectively target proteins that are key to the virus's function. The scientists are persuaded that this can be an effective way to protect vulnerable people with compromised immune systems from COVID-19. And they are seeking approval from the U.S. FDA for a clinical trial. In the trial, COVID-19-specific T-cells would be used to boost the immune response in patients with compromised immune systems.
It was previously thought that brain cell creation stops once we reach adulthood, but exciting new developments show that brain cells continue to regenerate thought your adult life. Not only is neurogenesis possible, but researchers have identified methods you can use to actively promote new brain cell growth. All the original neurons in your brain will be replaced by the time you turn 50. Adult neurogenesis was initially thought to occur only the striatum and the hippocampus, but there is evidence that suggests brain cells can grow in other parts of the brain like the hypothalamus, the amygdala, and maybe even the cerebral cortex. Many neurotransmitters are involved in adult neurogenesis, but the most important chemicals for inducing brain cell regeneration are the nerve growth factor (NGF) and the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). NGF has the power to protect nerve cells and stimulate the growth of new cells in the nervous system and the brain. And BDNF has been called “Miracle-Gro” for the brain because it encourages growth through a variety of mechanisms. Normal stress can lead to a decrease in BDNF. So we can probably all benefit from techniques that may help us regenerate brain cells. How to Boost Brain Cell Production with Diet Researchers have discovered that diet affects brain cell regeneration. Eating less often and eating fewer calories can increase neurogenesis by increasing BDNF and decreasing inflammation. These benefits can be achieved by practicing intermittent fasting, where you restrict eating times to certain eating windows. It has also been found that foods that make you chew more vigorously can increase brain cell formation. An increase in Omega-3 fatty acids can help promote new neuron growth. And while fats are essential for a healthy brain, diets that contain high levels of saturated fat can impede neurogenesis. Flavonoids, the potent antioxidant found in blueberries, green tea, and cocoa are very effective at promoting the formation of brain cells. And curcumin, the main component in the spice turmeric can increase BDNF and stimulate cell growth in the hippocampus. Staying Mentally Active to Grow New Brain Cells It turns out London cab drivers have been able to boost neurogenesis with mental workouts. Using MRIs, researchers found that cabbies who give their brain a super workout with street memorization have a significantly larger hippocampus than non-taxi drivers in London. Fortunately, you don’t have to memorize 30,000 streets to pump-up your hippocampus. Challenging your brain with any new complex information can help stimulate new brain cells. Sleep and Brain Cell Regeneration Getting regular restful sleep is one of the best things you can do for your mental well-being and brain health. Sleeping clears away debris and helps the brain repair, reorganize, and grow new brain cells. While the occasional sleepless night doesn’t affect brain cell regeneration, chronic lack of sleep has the power to stop the formation of new brain cells. So, make sure to get your rest. Final Thoughts Not very long ago we thought that new brain cell growth didn’t occur after we reached adulthood, but now we know that the brain constantly regenerates itself. There is a lot you can do to stimulate the process, and it can benefit everyone. If you want to make the most of your brain power, take the time to give your body and your mind regular workouts, get enough sleep, and eat healthy foods that promote growth factors like NGF and BDNF. Take care of your brain and it will take care of you.
Scientists at University of Glasgow have developed a universal approach to digitizing chemistry. According to CNBC, this is a “digital breakthrough in chemistry that could revolutionize the drug industry.” Digital chemistry “could lead to safer drugs, more efficient solar panels, and a disruptive new industry.” In a research paper published in Science, the scientists describe a programming system which could remove the vast majority of the effort required to program chemical robots - automatic systems that produce chemicals on demand. The scientists have found a way to use natural language processing to create instructions for chemical robots. A program, called SynthReader, scans scientific papers and recognizes procedures for organic and inorganic chemical synthesis. Synthreader automatically breaks those procedures down to simple instructions. Then it stores the instructions in a format called Chemical Description Language, or XDL. XDL is a new open source language for describing chemical and material synthesis. The scientists have also developed a chemical robot, called Chemify. It can read and run XDL files that have been shared among users. According to the scientists, Chemify is an order of magnitude cheaper than other chemical robots. This “could help doctors make drugs on demand in the future,” said research leader Lee Cronin. “It could even mean that future manned missions to Mars could take raw chemical materials with them and make whatever they need right there on the red planet.” Daily Aspirin Against COVID Complications Researchers at the University of Maryland have suggested that daily aspirin could help prevent severe complications from COVID-19. Aspirin is an inexpensive, accessible medication with a well-known safety profile. A study is published in Anesthesia and Analgesia. It reports that hospitalized COVID-19 patients who were taking a daily low-dose aspirin to protect against cardiovascular disease had a significantly lower risk of complications and death compared to those who were not taking aspirin. Aspirin takers were less likely to be placed in the intensive care unit (ICU). They were less likely to be hooked up to a mechanical ventilator. And they were more likely to survive the infection, compared to hospitalized patients who were not taking aspirin. CRISPR Editing Tech for Larger Pieces of DNA Scientists at UC San Francisco have developed a new technology for cutting larger pieces of DNA out of a cell's genome. A research paper is published in Nature Methods. It describes a new CRISPR-Cas3 system. Recently, the 2020 Nobel Prize in Chemistry has been awarded to the main developers of the related CRISPR-Cas9 technology. Using the Cas3 enzyme permits removing much longer stretches of DNA quickly and accurately, compared to using the Cas9 enzyme. According to the scientists, CRISPR-Cas3 should also allow entire genes to be inserted into the genome. And it would have industrial, agricultural, and even human gene therapy applications. Gene Therapy restores Visual Function in Mice Using gene editing technology, researchers led by UC Irvine have restored retinal and visual functions in laboratory mice. The mice were suffering from inherited retinal disease. A study is published in Nature Biomedical Engineering. It illustrates the use of a new generation of CRISPR technology, referred to as “base editing.” It can be used as a treatment for inherited retinal diseases. According to the researchers, the study lays the foundation for the development of a new therapeutic modality. And it could be applied to a wide range of inherited ocular diseases caused by different gene mutations.
In a series of 10 clinical studies, scientists at McMaster University have repeatedly demonstrated that a multi-ingredient dietary supplement can dramatically enhance the cognition and longevity of mice. I contacted one of the scientists, Jennifer Lemon, to ask if and when they plan to proceed with human studies. She assured me that they're preparing to do that soon. I look forward to the results. But wouldn't it be nice if we knew, today, what an equivalent complex nutraceutical supplement for humans might consist of? Well, you're in luck. I have that information for you. Before I share the formula, note that humans are not mice. What works in mice doesn't always work in humans (and sometimes hurts humans). However, in this case, the formula consists mainly of well-known nutrients that other scientists have independently tested in multiple (generally many) human studies. And those studies have demonstrated that at least some of those nutrients, on their own, can provide significant nootropic and geroprotective benefits to humans. So it wouldn't surprise me if scientists end up demonstrating reliable additive or multiplicative benefits from this combination of nutrients in human studies. But of course the question remains open. Science is never finished. With that in mind, I'll share with you the formula. It's an approximation, which I have derived from the published mouse doses, converted to human doses. After sharing the formula, I'll share my thoughts on the efficacy of the derived human doses for the individual ingredients. Here's the formula: Nutrient Mouse Dose Human Dose Acetyl L Carnitine 14.4000000 1000.000 Alpha Lipoic Acid 0.7200000 50.000 Aspirin 2.5000000 173.611 Bioflavonoids 4.3200000 300.000 Chromium (Chelated) 0.0014400 0.100 Cod Liver Oil 5.04 IU? Coenzyme Q10 0.4400000 30.556 DHEA 0.1500000 10.417 Flax Seed Oil 21.6000000 1500.000 Garlic 0.0216000 1.500 Ginger 7.2000000 500.000 Ginkgo Biloba 1.4400000 100.000 Ginseng (Canadian) 8.6400000 600.000 Green Tea Extracts 7.2000000 500.000 L Glutathione 0.3600000 25.000 Magnesium 0.7200000 50.000 Melatonin 0.0100000 0.694 N Acetyl Cysteine 7.2000000 500.000 Potassium 0.3600000 25.000 Rutin 0.7200000 50.000 Selenium 0.0010800 0.075 Vitamin A (Beta Carotene) 0.0300000 2.083 Vitamin B1 0.7200000 50.000 Vitamin B12 0.0007200 0.050 Vitamin B3 0.7200000 50.000 Vitamin B6 0.7200000 50.000 Vitamin B9 0.0100000 0.694 Vitamin C 3.6000000 250.000 Vitamin D 0.0000625 0.004 Vitamin E 0.9648000 67.000 Zinc (Chelated) 0.1400000 9.722 The information in the "Nutrient" and "Mouse Dose" columns is from studies published by scientists at McMaster University. The information in the "Human Dose" column is generally calculated by multiplying the mouse dose by 69.44445. Unless otherwise specified, doses are in mg. Acetyl L Carnitine is in my list of top tier nootropics. It is well researched and may provide neuroprotective benefits. In this formula, the derived human dose of 1000 mg falls in the middle of the range of doses that other scientists have used in human studies of this nutrient. I supplement with 500 to 2000 mg of Acetyl L Carnitine daily. Alpha Lipoic Acid is well researched in relation to supporting healthy nerve function. And some studies have shown that it may complement the neuroprotective benefits of Acetyl L Carnitine. The derived human dose in this formula is lower than the dose that other scientists generally use in human studies of this nutrient. I would increase the dose to at least 150 mg. Judging from the most common doses in clinical studies, I would also aim for a 3:10 ratio between Alpha Lipoic Acid and Acetyl L Carnitine, which would mean increasing the Alpha Lipoic Acid dose to 300 mg or lowering the Acetyl L Carnitine dose to 500 mg. Aspirin has become somewhat controversial as a supplement. The latest advice from the American Heart Association is to avoid daily Aspirin unless your doctor prescribes it. The dose in this formula probably falls within the range that doctors tend to prescribe for daily use. I don't supplement with Aspirin, but I would probably start at a lower dose of around 80 mg if I were to try incorporating it into my supplementation regimen. Bioflavonoids are plant-derived compounds. Some are far better researched than others. I didn't find information about the specific identity of these Bioflavonoids, so it's hard to assess the safety or efficacy of the 300 mg dose in the derived human formula. The formula contains other sources of Bioflavonoids, such as Garlic, Ginger, Ginkgo Biloba, and Ginseng, as well as other Bioflavonoids, such as Green Tea Extracts and Rutin. My lists of top tier nootropics and geroprotectors include several Bioflavonoids and sources of Bioflavonoids, such as Boswellia Serrata (AKBA), Garlic (Allicin), Blueberry (Anthocyanin), Bacopa Monnieri (Bacoside), Berberine, Turmeric (Curcumin), Ginkgo Biloba (Glycoside), French Maritime Pine (Procyanidin), and Rhodiola Rosea (Salidroside). Chromium is an essential mineral. The derived human dose of.1 mg is above the.035 mg daily value set by the FDA but well below the 1 mg upper limit specified by CRN. The mouse studies used a chelated form of Chromium to improve bioavailability. I try to get Chromium from a healthy diet. It may also be worth considering a high quality multi-mineral supplement containing a chelated form of Chromium. Cod Liver Oil provides Omega 3, Vitamin A, and Vitamin D, which are also provided by other ingredients in the formula. The studies specified the amount of Cod Liver Oil in IU, which may be a measure of one or both of the vitamins. I'm not sure. I supplement with 500 to 2000 mg Omega 3 and.05 mg Vitamin D daily. I try to get a sufficient dose of Vitamin A from a healthy diet. If you try to get Vitamin A from a supplement, be careful about the dose. I don't know of a good reason for most people to take more than the.9 mg DV set by the FDA. Coenzyme Q10 is in my list of top tier geroprotectors. It is well researched and may support healthy cell function. In this formula, the derived human dose of 30 mg is lower than the dose that other scientists generally use in clinical studies. I supplement with 100 to 400 mg daily. DHEA is in my list of top tier geroprotectors. It is well researched and may help the body produce more testosterone or estrogen, as needed. The derived human dose of 10 mg in this formula is on the low end, which I think is wise. My own experiences with and observations of DHEA supplementation suggest that individual results vary more than with most other supplements. Flax Seed Oil provides Omega 3, which is in both of my lists of top tier nootropics and geroprotectors. It may enhance mood and support healthy triglyceride levels. The derived human dose of 1500 mg in this formula is in the middle of the range of doses used by other scientists in clinical studies. I supplement with 500 to 2000 mg Omega 3 daily. Garlic is in my list of top tier geroprotectors, for supporting healthy cholesterol levels. However, I don't know of any evidence to support the efficacy of the derived human dose of 1.5 mg in this formula. Most scientists use far higher doses in clinical studies. I supplement with 300 to 1200 mg daily. Ginger is well studied and effective for decreasing nausea. It's also reasonably well studied in other areas, but apparently with less efficacy than alternatives. The derived human dose of 500 mg may be on the low end. I would consider replacing Ginger with Turmeric. Ginkgo Biloba is in my list of top tier nootropics. It is well-researched, and may be particularly effective for long term brain health. The derived human dose of 100 mg is on the low end of the range used in clinical studies. I supplement with 100 to 400 mg daily. Ginseng is well researched, and may provide minor nootropic and geroprotective benefits. Its nootropic benefits may decrease with chronic use. The derived human dose of 600 mg may be toward the high end, but that also depends on the ginsenoside content of the extract. I supplement with Ginseng only occasionally, in combination with Caffeine. Green Tea Extracts are well-researched and may provide minor geroprotective benefits throughout the body. They have also raised some popular concern recently, due to apparent overdoses. The derived human dose of 500 mg corresponds with doses used by other scientists in clinical studies. L Glutathione doesn't seem to be as well researched or as effective as alternatives, such as N Acetyl Cysteine, which is also included in the formula. I would consider replacing L Glutathione with N Acetyl Cysteine. Magnesium is in my list of top tier geroprotectors. It is an essential mineral. The derived human dose of 50 mg is low. The daily value set by the FDA is 420 mg. I try to get half of this from a healthy diet. And I supplement with 200 mg daily. Melatonin is in my list of top tier nootropics. It's well known for helping people fall asleep more easily. And there's increasing evidence that it may serve as a powerful general-purpose geroprotector. The derived human dose of.694 mg in this formula is within the range used in other clinical studies. However, the geroprotective benefits of melatonin may improve with higher doses, and adverse effects of higher doses are rare. I supplement with 5 mg daily. N Acetyl Cysteine is well studied and provides antioxidant effects throughout the body. As mentioned above, supplementation with N Acetyl Cysteine appears to increase Glutathione in the body better than Glutathione supplementation. The derived human dose of 500 mg is on the low end of the range used in other clinical studies. I supplement with 600 mg daily. Potassium is an essential mineral. The derived human dose of 25 mg is above the 4.7 mg daily value set by the FDA, but well below the 1500 mg upper limit specified by CRN. I try to get Potassium from a healthy diet. It may also be worth considering a high quality multi-mineral supplement. Rutin is a Bioflavonoid. I'm not particularly familiar with the research behind it, but my initial impressions are positive. I'm particularly interested by its relationship to Quercetin, which is a Bioflavonoid that has been prominent in news related to geroprotectors recently. The derived human dose of 50 mg in this formula appears to be substantially lower than the dose provided by most supplements. Selenium is an essential mineral. The derived human dose of.075 mg is above the.055 mg daily value set by the FDA, but well below the.2 mg upper limit specified by CRN. I try to get Selenium from a healthy diet. It may also be worth considering a high quality multi-mineral supplement. Vitamin A is an essential vitamin. The derived human dose of 2 mg is well above the.9 mg daily value set by the FDA. This formula uses Vitamin A in the Beta Carotene form, for which CRN specifies an upper limit of 25 mg. I'm not aware of any reasons for healthy adults to supplement Vitamin A, in any form, above the daily value set by FDA. I try to get Vitamin A from a healthy diet. And I would consider replacing this part of the formula with other carotenoids, particularly Lutein and Zeaxanthin, which are well studied and generally effective for enhancing vision. Vitamin B is a set of essential vitamins. This formula includes Vitamins B1, B3, B6, B9, and B12, which are six of the eight B Vitamins. It does not include Vitamins B2, B5, and B7. All of the B vitamins are well researched. But the particular forms of the vitamins (the vitamers) can make a big difference in bioavailability. And the best evidence for health benefits appears to be associated with taking all of the B vitamins, and mostly at high safe doses. The derived human doses in this formula are hard to judge because I didn't find information about the vitamers. I supplement with 25 mg B1 as Sulbutiamine, 25 mg B2 as Riboflavin 5 Phosphate, 100 mg B3 as Nicotinamide, 100 mg B5 as D Calcium Pantothenate, 25 mg B6 as Pyridoxal 5 Phosphate,.3 mg B7 as D Biotin,.4 mg B9 as Methylfolate, and.24 mg B12 as Methylcobalamin and Adenosylcobalamin daily. Vitamin C is an essential vitamin. The derived human dose of 250 mg is above the 90 mg daily value set by the FDA, but well below the 2000 mg upper limit specified by CRN. I try to get my Vitamin C from a healthy diet, sometimes accompanied by a dedicated Vitamin C supplement. Vitamin D is an essential vitamin. The derived human dose of.004 mg is well below the.02 mg daily value set by the FDA, and far below the.25 mg upper limit specified by CRN. The benefits of Vitamin D supplementation appear to be increase with safe high doses. I supplement with.05 mg daily. Vitamin E is an essential vitamin. The derived human dose of 67 mg is well above the 15 mg daily value set by the FDA but far below the 1000 mg upper limit specified by CRN. There's some controversy surrounding Vitamin E supplementation, at present, because some high doses may be associated with increased risk of death. On the other hand, some less-known forms of Vitamin E and their combinations may provide under-researched benefits. I try to get my Vitamin E from a healthy diet, although I'm watching ongoing research with interest. Zinc is in my list of top tier nootropics. It is well researched, and may be particularly effective for enhancing mood. The derived human dose of 9.7 mg in this formula is slightly below the 11 mg daily value set by the FDA. The mouse studies used a chelated form of Zinc to improve bioavailability. I supplement with 11 mg of chelated Zinc Picolinate daily. On the whole, I think this formula has promise. There are a few things I would change, both in mouse studies and human studies. I mention some of those recommended changes above. I would also consider including Vitamin K (particularly Vitamin K2 MK7), a bioavailable source of Choline such as Alpha GPC, Phosphatidylserine, and S Adenosyl Methionine. But, regardless of these recommendations, I look forward to the results of the human studies with the ingredients in this formula. Thrivous customers will be interested in knowing how this formula (the "Derived Formula" from the McMaster University mouse studies) compares with the formula for Thrivous Stack. And I've spent time reviewing how the Derived Formula compares to my own regimen, which includes Thrivous Stack. So below is a comparison of the nutrients and doses in these formulas. For simplicity's sake, I've combined Bioflavonoids that don't appear in both formulas into a single "Other Bioflavonoids" line item. That shouldn't be interpreted to mean that all Bioflavonoids are equally effective, but the differences in efficacy are more complex than a side-by-side comparison could illuminate, so I've chosen to ignore that in the comparison. I've mentioned some of the differences that may matter in my comments above. Ingredient Derived Formula Thrivous Stack Acetyl L Carnitine 1000.000 500.000 Alpha GPC 0.000 300.000 Alpha Lipoic Acid 50.000 150.000 Aspirin 173.611 0.000 Chromium (Chelated) 0.100 0.000 Coenzyme Q10 30.556 100.000 DHEA 10.417 0.000 Garlic 1.500 300.000 Ginkgo Biloba 100.000 100.000 L Glutathione 25.000 0.000 L Theanine 0.000 200.000 Magnesium 50.000 200.000 Melatonin 0.694 5.000 N Acetyl Cysteine 500.000 0.000 Omega 3 1500.000 500.000 Other Bioflavonoids 1950.000 3275.000 Phosphatidylserine 0.000 100.000 Potassium 25.000 0.000 S Adenosyl Methionine 0.000 400.000 Selenium 0.075 0.000 Vitamin A (Beta Carotene) 2.083 0.000 Vitamin B1 50.000 25.000 Vitamin B12 0.050 0.240 Vitamin B2 0.000 25.000 Vitamin B3 50.000 100.000 Vitamin B5 0.000 100.000 Vitamin B6 50.000 25.000 Vitamin B7 0.000 0.300 Vitamin B9 0.694 0.400 Vitamin C 250.000 0.000 Vitamin D 0.004 0.000 Vitamin E 67.000 0.000 Vitamin K 0.000 0.375 Zinc (Chelated) 9.722 11.000 Thrivous Stack doses represent a single daily serving of each product in the stack. All doses are in mg. In most areas, a single daily serving of Thrivous Stack compares favorably to the Derived Formula. However, there are a three things that Thrivous Stack customers might consider, if they're interested in making their supplementation regimen look more like the Derived Formula: Consider two to four servings of Thrivous Alpha Neuroprotector daily. This would provide at least 1000 mg of Acetyl L Carnitine, which is the dose in the Derived Formula. I do this. Consider three to four servings of Thrivous Omega Cardioprotector daily. This would provide at least 1500 mg Omega 3, which is the dose in the Derived Formula. I do this. Consider supplementing with Aspirin, Chromium, DHEA, L Glutathione, N Acetyl Cysteine, Potassium, Selenium, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Vitamin E. I think L Glutathione is a waste. I'm skeptical about Vitamin A, except to avoid deficiency. I have mixed thoughts about Aspirin, Chromium, Potassium, Selenium, and Vitamin E. I think DHEA depends highly on personal situations. And I favor supplementation daily with N Acetyl Cysteine and Vitamin D, and occasionally with Vitamin C. Finally, keep in mind that this is not medical advice. Although science helps us make practical generalizations, everyone's personal situation is at least a little different. So please consult your physician before and during use of all dietary supplements. And don't forget that lifestyle matters: diet, exercise, sleep, meditation, relationships, etc. Supplements work best in combination with other wise choices.
I take antioxidant dietary supplements daily, so I was happy to accept when Thrivous founder Lincoln Cannon invited me to summarize 10 recent studies, performed by scientists at McMaster University, testing antioxidants’ beneficial effects on mice. I was eager to dig in and learn more about how antioxidants work. And besides, mice are cute. Aside from elephants, who doesn’t love mice? The mice in most of these studies have been genetically modified to produce more growth hormone, which causes them to age at an accelerated rate. This makes them useful as accelerated experimental models of aging and as test subjects for anti-aging treatments. For instance, modified mice have shorter life spans and experience more rapid cognitive decline in old age than unmodified mice. The cause of the modified mice’s rapid decline seems to be higher production of oxygen and nitrogen free radicals, which results in cellular damage and chronic inflammation. Free radicals also play a role in human aging and cognitive decline, so halting the damage caused by free radicals could have huge implications for human medicine. One promising approach is preventive antioxidant supplementation. In a 2003 study, researchers gave the modified mice a complex anti-aging supplement containing 31 ingredients, including flaxseed oil, Ginkgo biloba, and L-glutathione. The supplement completely halted age-related cognitive decline in the modified mice. In fact, older mice in the treatment group actually exhibited faster learning than young adult mice! Researchers replicated this result in a 2011 study, and found that supplemented elderly mice exhibited greater brain mass and increased mitochrondrial activity compared to unsupplemented mice. A 2016 replication showed that, whereas unsupplemented mice lost 50% of their midbrain cells as they aged, the antioxidant supplement completely prevented this brain cell loss. It also slowed degradation of the mice’s vision and their sense of smell by preventing cell loss in noses and eyes. A 2018 replication found that the supplement prevented impairments of working memory and spatial learning in elderly mice, but did not prevent impairments of mood or object recognition. A 2005 follow-up to the original study found that, in addition to slowing age-related cognitive decline, the supplement also extended the life span of modified mice by 28% and of unmodified mice by 11%. This suggests that antioxidant supplements may have broader anti-aging applications than simply staving off dementia. In particular, the supplement seemed to slow age-related degradation of livers and kidneys. Another follow-up study in 2008 found that the supplement protected male mice against cell death induced by radiation -- female mice proved naturally radiation-resistant and gained no additional resistance from the supplement. A 2014 study found that the supplement reduced onset of tumors in older mice by 30% and eliminated tumor metastasis in the treatment group. In addition to cognition and longevity, a reformulated version of the antioxidant supplement also improved elderly mice’s motor function and mobility in a 2010 study. The chemical mechanisms included preservation of Neuropeptide Y and of cellular mitochondria, which normally degrade with age. A 2015 study investigated the usefulness of antioxidant supplementation and of physical exercise for improving mood in chronically stressed mice. The study found that supplements and exercise improved the mice’s mood only when supplements and exercise were administered in combination with each other, not when each was administered alone. Examination of the mice’s brains showed that chronic stress had caused atrophy in the untreated mice’s hippocampi, whereas mice in the treatment group exhibited better hippocampal function. Critical to the success of these studies may be that they involved a cocktail of many different antioxidants. Individual antioxidants can sometimes have pro-oxidant effects when taken in isolation, which may account for the often-disappointing results of studies that look at only one or a few antioxidant chemicals. Using a broad spectrum of different antioxidants may help average out these pro-oxidant risks. It may also simultaneously attack several different mechanisms of aging and disease, which prevents any single mechanism from acting as a limiting factor. It’s important to use caution when making decisions about human health based on animal studies. Mice aren’t humans, and what’s toxic to a human might not be toxic to a mouse. Make sure to investigate possible risks and side-effects before taking any supplement. But the chemical mechanisms of aging are similar in mice and humans, so antioxidants that have been deemed safe for human consumption may offer humans similar (if less dramatic) benefits. The take-away from the mouse studies is that using multiple antioxidants in combination with each other and in combination with physical exercise may maximize benefit. 10 Mouse Studies A dietary supplement abolishes age-related cognitive decline in transgenic mice expressing elevated free radical processes (2003) A complex dietary supplement extends longevity of mice (2005) Radiation-induced apoptosis in mouse lymphocytes is modified by a complex dietary supplement: the effect of genotype and gender (2008) Dietary amelioration of locomotor, neurotransmitter and mitochondrial aging (2010) A complex dietary supplement augments spatial learning, brain mass, and mitochondrial electron transport chain activity in aging mice (2011) A complex dietary supplement modulates nitrative stress in normal mice and in a new mouse model of nitrative stress and cognitive aging (2012) Impact of a complex nutraceutical supplement on primary tumour formation and metastasis in Trp53+/- cancer-prone mice (2014) Synergistic effects of diet and exercise on hippocampal function in chronically stressed mice (2015) A multi-ingredient dietary supplement abolishes large-scale brain cell loss, improves sensory function, and prevents neuronal atrophy in aging mice (2016) Early Intervention with a Multi-Ingredient Dietary Supplement Improves Mood and Spatial Memory in a Triple Transgenic Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease (2018)
Nootropics are cognitive technology. They support healthy brain function or enhance mental ability. You might have heard others refer to them as "smart drugs" or "the limitless pill." This is your Nootropics 101. Nootropics include various foods, supplements, and drugs. Healthy adults use them to improve memory, learning, focus, mood, concentration, information processing, motivation, and attention. Some people use them to decrease brain fog and increase mental clarity. Older adults also use them to support healthy cognitive aging. What’s the meaning of the term "nootropic" (pronounced nō-ə-ˈtrō-pik )? Corneliu Giurgea, a Romanian psychologist and chemist, coined the term in 1972. He combined the Greek words for "mind" and "turn." So if we transliterate the meaning of "nootropic" into English, it would be something like "mind-turner." That may sound strange. Can recreational nootropics get you high? Generally, no. But that's also not their purpose. Their purpose is much more practical. Giurgea identified substances with these six features as nootropics: "Enhancement of learning acquisition" – improve learning and memory "Resistance to impairing agents" – support brain health "Facilitation of interhemispheric transfer of information" – improve processing "Enhanced resistance to brain 'aggressions'" – protect the brain "Increased tonic, cortico-subcortical 'control'" – improve focus and attention "Absence of usual pharmacological effects of neuro psychotropic drugs" – safe To summarize Giurgea, a nootropic should safely support and improve cognitive performance. If a substance doesn’t have these features, it’s not a nootropic. That doesn’t mean that everything anyone calls a “nootropic” actually lives up to the name. Some Scientists haven’t studied some substances enough to know whether claims are more than anecdotal. And research demonstrates that some substances have little to no effect or may even pose significant health risks. But studies have shown the efficacy and safety of other substances to varying extents. History of Nootropics The history of cognitive enhancement began thousands of years before Giurgea. After all, we didn't need to know anything about brain cells to use our brains. And humanity had already begun exploring ways to modify cognition for purposes of religion, medicine, and recreation. Our prehistoric ancestors may have used psychoactive substances to inspire their artwork. Indian Ayurvedic medicine, known for adaptogenic herbs like Ashwagandha, may have begun as an oral tradition around 5000 BCE. And as early as 1500 BCE, Ancient Egyptians cataloged hundreds of stimulants, sedatives, motor excitants, motor depressants, narcotics, and hypnotics. During the last few centuries, our modern ancestors have been working toward more powerful, dependable, and flexible ways to enhance cognition. As the scientific method matured, alchemy became chemistry. In the eighteenth century, James Lind conducted what may have been the first clinical trial. And in the nineteenth century, Richard Canton observed electrical impulses in brains. In the twentieth century, scientists greatly expanded efforts to address the challenges of mental health. Doctors began diagnosing Alzheimer's and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) early in the century. And by mid-century, chemists had introduced many new drug interventions to improve brain function. Also in the twentieth century, science fiction and emerging technology sparked imagination. A fun example appeared in "Our New Age" comic strip on 26 December 1965. It predicted that humanity would develop nootropic smart drugs and brain computer interfaces by 2016. In 2011, the Limitless movie brought nootropics to popular attention. You might remember. In the movie, the main character uses NZT-48. It’s a fictional smart drug that activates 100% of his brain and radically increases his intelligence. As it turns out, you already use your whole brain. And real nootropics are not yet as powerful as smart drugs in science fiction. But that hasn’t stopped them from becoming popular. For example, see Google searches for “nootropics” compared to "mnemonics" (the study of systems to improve memory). Given humanity's ancient and persistent interest in cognitive enhancement, it seems unlikely that scientists will stop researching it any time soon. And who knows? Maybe right now, someone in a silicon valley garage is integrating a smart drug with a brain computer interface. And the powerful brain boosting drugs of the future are just an epiphany away. Nootropic Examples Perhaps the most well known cognitive enhancers are the Afinil wakefulness drugs. They were first developed in France in the late 1970s. And they are sold in the United States as prescription drugs under various brand names. These prescription nootropics are artificial, but they appear to have a low risk of side effects. Afinils are particularly notable for reducing mental fatigue, according to multiple human studies. They may also provide subtle improvements to mental performance, such as reaction time and short term memory in healthy adults. And studies suggest that Afinils may provide other benefits, although the evidence may not be as reliable. Other well known cognitive enhancers include the Racetams. They are legally available in the United States. But the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) does not allow vendors to market Racetams as dietary supplements. First developed by Giurgea in Romania in the early 1970s, Racetams are artificial smart drugs. They may provide a notable decrease to cognitive decline, according to multiple human studies. They may also provide other benefits, although evidence for them may not be as reliable. And they appear to have a low risk of side effects. Many of the best nootropics with solid evidence and notable effect come from herbs, amino acids, vitamins, and other natural substances. Complementary and alternative medicine often recommends them. As dietary supplements, these are widely available and legal nootropics in the USA. You can buy nootropics in stores or online without a prescription. Here are some examples: Ashwagandha may decrease stress. Bacopa Monnieri may increase memory. Creatine may increase energy. Feverfew may decrease migraine. Fish Oil (omega-3 fatty acids) may support mood. Ginkgo Biloba may support healthy cognitive aging. Inositol may decrease stress. Melatonin may promote sleep. Rhodiola Rosea may increase energy and improve focus. L Theanine may promote relaxation. Vitamin B2 may decrease migraine. Zinc may support mood. Nootropic Effects Do nootropics work? Everyone's different, but some nootropics work for most healthy people. For example, my list of real smart drugs references more than 100 studies for more than 12 substances. Most of the studies are peer reviewed, double blind, placebo controlled trials. Some are meta analyses or cohort studies. All are the formal work of credentialed scientists – not just journalists writing news articles or enthusiasts tapping out blog posts. All of the studies are related to clinical trials on humans – not just on mice or in test tubes. And most of the studies found significant statistical support for notable effect. The few that didn’t are still helpful for scoping effective applications, dosages, and timelines. How do nootropics work? And how well do they work? Different substances have different effects on different timelines and at different magnitudes. So the answers depend in part on the effect you’re looking for: focus, memory, mood, or otherwise. The answers also depend in part on how disciplined you think you can be. Some, such as Caffeine, work best when you use them only for a short term. And there are others that you can take daily, like Bacopa, which becomes more effective over the long term. In 2013, a study quantified the magnitude of effect for a popular nootropic drug. The scientists used Cohen’s D, which is a standard statistical method from behavioral science. The method generates outputs on a scale of 0 to 1: 0 is no effect.2 is small effect.5 is medium effect.8 is large effect. The scientists applied this method to the results of seven human studies. They found that the nootropic drug had a magnitude of effect of.77, which was nearly a large effect. The study also used the nootropic drug as a benchmark for assessing two natural nootropic herbs. One of the herbs was Panax Ginseng and the other was Bacopa Monnieri. When the scientists applied Cohen's D to nine studies of Ginseng, they found that the Ginseng magnitude of effect was.86. And when they applied the method to seven studies of Bacopa, they found that the Bacopa magnitude of effect was.95. These results indicate that Ginseng and Bacopa may both have large effects. And their effects may be larger than the effect of the nootropic drug. However, each affects different cognitive functions on different timelines. The study concluded: "Neurocognitive enhancement from well characterized nutraceuticals can produce cognition enhancing effects of similar magnitude to those from pharmaceutical interventions." How to Buy Nootropics Brain supplements come in many formats. Natural nootropics are available in foods. And both artificial and natural nootropics are available in powders, liquids, and pills – capsules, tablets, softgels, caplets, and chewables. If you’re looking for flexible dosage and low cost, powders may be the way to go. And for some like Creatine, which require high doses measured in grams, powders are also practical. For others, which require smaller doses, nootropic pills may save you a lot of time and frustration. People often combine two or more ingredients into a "stack." A stack may include ingredients that are more effective together, such as Caffeine for energy and Theanine for relaxation. Both are components of green tea, for example. And a stack may include ingredients that simply complement each other, such as Bacopa for memory and Rhodiola for focus. You can make your own stack by purchasing ingredients separately. Or you can purchase a pre-made stack. Pre-made stacks are the most convenient, but the market is full of stack products with all too typical problems. Many contain ingredients that don't work, or for which there's little or no supporting evidence in scientific studies. Some contain ingredients that could work, but they provide tiny ineffective doses. And more often than not, it's difficult if not impossible to tell, because they hide their doses behind secret formulas. On top of that, stack products tend to be expensive, with many vendors charging exorbitant prices for their secretive ineffective products. Thrivous At Thrivous, we’re proud to offer better alternatives. We develop high quality natural nootropic supplements. They combine nutrients and doses with the highest levels of scientific evidence for the greatest magnitudes of enhanced cognitive function. Clarity Daily Nootropic is designed to enhance memory, focus, and mood. Each bottle provides a month supply (60 capsules) of Synapsa® Bacopa Monnieri, L Theanine, and Rhodiola Rosea. Alpha Neuroprotector is designed to enhance brain and nerve function for better aging. Each bottle provides a month supply (120 capsules) of Acetyl L Carnitine, Alpha GPC, Ginkgo Biloba, and SerinAid® Phosphatidylserine. Serenity Nightly Nootropic is designed to enhance relaxation, sleep, and next-day focus. Each bottle provides a month supply (60 capsules) of L Theanine, Magnesium Glycinate, and Melatonin. Surge Acute Nootropic is designed to enhance productivity, energy, and focus. Each bottle provides a multi-month supply (60 capsules) of Caffeine, L Theanine, and Panax Ginseng. The benefits of each of these supplements complements the others. So Thrivous also provides combination stacks at discounted prices: Clarity and Serenity Stack includes both Clarity and Serenity. Clarity and Alpha Stack includes both Clarity and Alpha. Nootropic Stack includes Clarity, Alpha, and Serenity. All Thrivous formulas are completely open source. The supplement facts panel on each label fully discloses all ingredients and amounts. And we publish all quality control test results from our suppliers, manufacturing, and third parties. This is an exceptional practice among supplement vendors. If you’re new to nootropics, Thrivous is an easy and dependable way to get started. If you’ve used them for years, Thrivous is a convenient base on which you can build your stack. Either way, try Thrivous today. It’s a smart choice.
Scientists at University of Exeter have found that watching nature on media can uplift people's moods, reduce negative emotions, and help alleviate boredom associated with being isolated indoors. These have become increasingly common challenges because of COVID-19 quarantines. Good old-fashioned TV programs centered on nature can do that. But, as reported in a study published in Journal of Environmental Psychology, interactive Virtual Reality (VR) experiences of nature also led to increases in positive feelings, such as happiness. They also strengthened how connected people felt to nature. The Exeter scientists worked with BBC's Blue Planet II series team. Their findings support initiatives seeking to bring the therapeutic potential of nature to people at home. An example is BBC's recent Mindful Escapes series. "We're particularly excited by the additional benefits immersive experiences of nature might provide," said researcher Mathew White. "Virtual reality could help us to boost the wellbeing of people who can't readily access the natural world, such as those in hospital or in long term care." "But it might also help to encourage a deeper connection to nature in healthy populations, a mechanism which can foster more pro-environmental behaviors and prompt people to protect and preserve nature in the real world." Virus-Mimicking Drug Fights Tumors Researchers at UC Los Angeles have found that a drug that activates the body's natural defenses, by behaving like a virus, may also make certain stealthy tumors visible to the immune system. This exposes them to better targeting by immunotherapy. A study is published in Science Translational Medicine. The researchers injected a virus-mimicking drug, called BO-112, directly into tumors in the laboratory. As a result, these tumors could be recognized and killed by immune system cells. The researchers are now leading a human clinical trial of a combination therapy involving BO-112. The idea is to activate the immune system against the patient's tumor while the tumor is still in the body. Molecules from Wasp Venom Kill Bacteria Scientists at University of Pennsylvania have engineered powerful new antimicrobial molecules from toxic proteins found in wasp venom. A research paper is published in PNAS. It reports that the researchers altered a highly toxic small protein from the Korean yellow-jacket wasp. The alterations enhanced the molecule's ability to kill bacterial cells while greatly reducing its ability to harm human cells. The scientists hope to develop the molecules into new bacteria-killing drugs. This would be an important advancement, considering increasing numbers of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Greater Understanding of Dopamine and Serotonin Researchers led by Virginia Tech have found that two well-known neurochemicals, dopamine and serotonin, shape how people perceive the world and take action based on their perception. Dopamine and serotonin are involved in disorders ranging from depression to Parkinson's disease. A study is published in Neuron. It suggests that these neurochemicals integrate people's perceptions of the world with their actions. The results of the study indicate that dopamine and serotonin have far more expansive roles in the human nervous system than previously known. The researchers used new techniques, able to continually and simultaneously measure the activity of both dopamine and serotonin in the human brain.
Talk of immunity abounds. But it’s nice that work focusing on body enhancement is still coming out. Today we'll look at evidence for using Anthocyanin supplements to improve climbing performance. And we'll also look at evidence that Caffeine increases work capacity at a given level of exertion, and Vitamin D enhances lean body mass. Anthocyanin Enhances Climbing Performance New Study: Effects of New Zealand blackcurrant extract on sport climbing performance This study looked at performance while climbing. Training increases muscle oxidative capacity. But blood flow appears to remain a limiting factor to performance. These researchers hoped that they could further optimize performance and recovery. They wanted to increase blood flow to skeletal muscles. And they wanted to facilitate removal of metabolic by-products in the forearms. To that end, the study used Anthocyanin supplements. They are associated with improved blood flow at rest and during exercise. The source of Anthocyanin was New Zealand blackcurrant extract, at 210 mg Anthocyanin per dose. The test subjects were eighteen intermediate level male climbers, who climbed at least two times a week. To establish a baseline, participants completed a set of three climbs, until volitional exhaustion. Then they repeated the set after taking the supplement for 7 days, and after taking a placebo for 7 days, in random order. There were 2 weeks between climbs to allow time for the supplement to wash out. While taking the Anthocyanin supplement, climbers were able to climb for 23% longer without a significant change in their perceived exertion. There was no change in grip strength. Climbers’ forearms increased in size during each of the three climbs in each set. But the size increase was less while taking the supplement. This is good because swollen muscles become more painful in recovery. The Anthocyanin supplement appeared to enable these athletes to climb longer. And that may have been done by improving flood flow. Caffeine Increases Capacity Per Exertion New Study: Effects of caffeine supplementation on physical performance and mood dimensions in elite and trained-recreational athletes These researchers cited studies where Caffeine improved physical performance in people at various levels of activity. They wanted to compare the improvement in elite athletes versus recreational athletes. The study included eight men who competed in international boxing competitions. It also included ten college recreational athletes, who trained at least three times a week, could bench press their weight, and could squat at least 1.5 times their weight. The participants performed a series of actions. First, they received a placebo or a Caffeine supplement. The supplement contained Caffeine dosed at 6 mg per kg bodyweight. Sixty minutes later, the participants completed questionnaires about mood and perceived vitality. Then they performed a Wingate test measuring anaerobic performance. And finally, they rated their exertion. Caffeine supplements didn’t appear to make a difference in perceived exertion. However, the elite athletes had greater perceived leg exertion. And the recreational athletes had greater perceived cardiorespiratory exertion. After Caffeine supplementation, participants reached a greater peak power. They also reached peak power sooner and exerted greater power throughout the exercise. The performance effect of Caffeine was similar between the recreational athletes and the elite athletes. After taking Caffeine, both groups reported less fatigue. And the elite athletes reported greater levels of tension, vigor, and subjective vitality. The ratings of vigor, in particular, were higher in the elite athletes than the recreational athletes. The researchers concluded that 6 mg Caffeine per kg bodyweight similarly improves performance among elite and recreational athletes. It also enables greater workload at a given level of perceived exertion. Or, put another way, it reduces perceived exertion for a given workload. Vitamin D Enhances Lean Body Mass New Study: Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Body Composition and Physical Fitness in Healthy Adults: A Double-Blind, Randomized Controlled Trial Observational studies have gathered metrics associated with low circulating Vitamin D concentrations. In adults, low Vitamin D is negatively related with body mass index (BMI), percentage body fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat. And in vitro studies have shown that Vitamin D may inhibit lipid accumulation. These researchers dug deeper, to observe the effects of a Vitamin D intervention on body composition. The study included 81 adults. They were between 20 and 69 years of age. They were in generally good health. And they didn’t already take Vitamin D supplements. At the beginning of the study, participants’ Vitamin D blood concentration averaged 12.6 ng/ml. This is below 30 ng/ml, which is often considered to be an optimal level. And it's even below 20 mg/ml, which is associated with deficiency symptoms. The participants took a placebo or 140 IU Vitamin D three times a day (420 IU daily) for one year. Afterwards, the average Vitamin D blood concentration increased to 24 mg/ml. There was no significant difference in body fat, muscle power, or cardiorespiratory fitness. However, the supplemented group did have an increase in lean body mass of about.5 kg (1.1 pounds). This is not a huge difference, but is still statistically significant. And it was achieved with a modest amount of Vitamin D. It’s amazing to me how Vitamin D affects so many systems in the body. In particular, we have evidence for its affects on bones, neurology, and now muscles. I'm reminded of how complex the body is, and how interrelated the various systems of the body are. Thrivous Thrivous Vitality is designed to enhance metabolic, cellular, and genetic function for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Anthocyanin. As observed in the study above, Vitality may enhance climbing performance. Surge is designed to enhance productivity and focus. Each capsule contains a clinical dose of Caffeine, coupled with L Theanine to minimize jittery side effects. A study above indicates that Surge may increase work capacity at a given level of exertion. Tenacity is designed to enhance joint and bone function for better aging. Each serving provides a clinical dose of Vitamin D. Tenacity may enhance lean body mass, as observed in the study above. All Thrivous supplements are based on exceptional levels of scientific evidence and pass through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Get yours today, online at the Thrivous store.
The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences has awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2020 to CRISPR pioneers Emmanuelle Charpentier and Jennifer Doudna. Charpentier and Doudna “have discovered one of gene technology’s sharpest tools: the CRISPR/Cas9 genetic scissors,” reads the Nobel announcement. The two scientists proved that these genetic scissors “could be controlled so that they can cut any DNA molecule at a predetermined site. Where the DNA is cut it is then easy to rewrite the code of life.” “In medicine, clinical trials of new cancer therapies are underway, and the dream of being able to cure inherited diseases is about to come true. These genetic scissors have taken the life sciences into a new epoch and, in many ways, are bringing the greatest benefit to humankind.” See our review of the 2017 book, A Crack in Creation: Gene Editing and the Unthinkable Power to Control Evolution, co-authored by Doudna. "CRISPR gives us the power to radically and irreversibly alter the biosphere that we inhabit by providing a way to rewrite the very molecules of life any way we wish," is one of Doudna’s conclusions. "It won’t be long before CRISPR allows us to bend nature to our will in the way that humans have dreamed of since prehistory." We avidly follow CRISPR news and regularly cover related research advances, and the first clinical experiments with live patients. My impression is that CRISPR technology is advancing very fast toward operational maturity, with frequent spectacular improvements in efficiency, effectiveness, safety, and cost. The big wave pictured by Doudna in the opening of her book is becoming an irresistible tsunami that will bring big change. BIG change. “We're eight years into it and clearly still many advances happening in the field that are continuing to expand the capabilities of the CRISPR technology,” said Doudna in a recent interview. “So I don't see any end to that right away.” CRISPR Technique Destroys Cancer Cells Researchers at Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas (CNIO) have destroyed Ewing's sarcoma and chronic myeloid leukaemia cancer cells in laboratory mice. The researchers used CRISPR gene editing to cut out the fusion genes that cause these cancers. Fusion genes are unique to cancer cells and therefore are excellent targets for the development of future drugs that only attack cancer cells. A paper is published in Nature Communications. It describes how the researchers have used CRISPR to selectively and efficiently remove fusion genes. Common Cold May Limit Damage from COVID-19 Scientists led by Boston Medical Center and Boston University School of Medicine have shown that the immunity built up from previous non-SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus infections does not prevent individuals from getting COVID-19. A study is published in Journal of Clinical Investigation. It indicates that a previous positive test result for a coronavirus did not prevent someone from getting infected with SARS-CoV-2. But the study also indicates that people with evidence of a previous infection from a "common cold" coronavirus have less severe COVID-19 symptoms. The scientists hope that their findings will contribute to limiting the damage from COVID-19. Regenerating Neurons in the Eye and the Brain Researchers at University of Notre Dame, Johns Hopkins University, Ohio State University, and University of Florida, have identified genes that determine whether neurons will regenerate in certain animals, such as zebrafish. A study is published in Science. It maps the genes of animals that have the ability to regenerate retinal neurons. The researchers are persuaded that related research advances could one day enable regeneration of retinal neurons in people. And similar processes could regenerate neurons in the brain.
Pycnogenol and Oligopin are two brands of the well-researched extract from French Maritime Pine Bark (Pinus Pinaster). It's considered a super-antioxidant because it contains high amounts of oligomeric proanthocyanin compounds (OPCs). These are the same ingredients that are responsible for the antioxidant benefits of grape seeds and witch hazel bark. The company that makes Pycnogenol has funded hundreds of research studies and published many positive findings. The extract is marketed as a health supplement for the circulatory system and a variety of body functions associated with heart health and blood flow. Although most of the studies on pine bark have been small, many have been done by independent research and can confirm some of the health claims made by the manufacturer. Studies suggest that pine bark helps promote blood flow by increasing levels of nitric oxide. And it is often recommended to support healthy blood pressure, promote a healthy inflammatory response, and promote overall heart health. Of its many benefits, it is most widely taken as a supplement to boost cardiovascular function. And studies suggest it is effective at promoting healthy blood pressure and blood cholesterol levels. A 2013 study on obese people found that those who participated in a diet and exercise program while taking Pycnogenol experienced more significant reduction in waist size, triglycerides, blood sugar, blood pressure, and an increase in HDL (“good”) cholesterol. The cardiovascular benefits of supplementing with French Maritime Pine Bark Extract are well supported by research. However, one well-designed and large study did not show conclusive findings on heart health benefits. It was done on the Flavangenol brand, which is standardized to contain much less OPC than Pycnogenol and Oligopin. Other studies suggest pine bark extract can have a positive effect on circulation and endothelium function. And several showed a reduction in swelling and discomfort for people with chronic venous insufficiency. These and other findings suggest that French Maritime Pine Bark Extract might be a good supplement for people who want to promote healthy vein function. The circulatory benefits of pine bark and its effects on blood flow and nitric oxide levels may also help support healthy erectile function in men. But these benefits are not yet well studied. A few non-cardiovascular benefits of supplementing with French Maritime Pine Bark Extract have been researched with some positive results. Of these findings, one of the most promising is its ability to promote reproductive health in menopausal women. An Italian study found that Pycnogenol reduced hot flashes better than a placebo. These findings were confirmed later in a Japanese study. Supplementing with French Maritime Pine Bark Extract may also promote cognitive health. In an older study from Australia, it improved older adults' working memory to some extent compared to a placebo. No changes were found in other cognitive skills tests. A similar study in 2014 found that middle-aged adults who took Pycnogenol showed improvements in specific cognitive skills more so than the control group. French Maritime Pine Bark Extract is generally considered safe. But it can interfere with chemotherapy and radiation therapy drugs. Those with autoimmune diseases, those who are pregnant, or those taking prescription medications should consult their doctors before using pine bark. Research does not indicate any major side effects from pine bark. But it can cause fatigue and irritability when combined with certain drugs. Thrivous Omega Thrivous Omega Cardioprotector provides a clinical dose of French Maritime Pine Bark Extract. The formula also includes Omega 3 and Garlic to complement the cardiovascular benefits, support healthy levels of cholesterol and triglycerides, and enhance heart function for better aging. Buy Omega today!
Software programmers get a bad rap when it comes to their nutrition. However, the stereotypes aren’t too far from the truth. Late-night programming fueled by pizza and energy drinks is a relatively accurate representation of what happens. And it’s easy to snack mindlessly while you are focused on your work. While you might think you’re getting by just fine on an unhealthy diet, you could be feeling and performing even better. What if, by adjusting your diet and adding a supplement, you could be a better professional programmer? Would you do it? By providing the proper fuel for your brain, you can potentially program faster and better. One way to do so is through the use of nootropics. What Are Nootropics? Nootropics are substances that support brain function and enhance mental performance. Nootropics can include foods, supplements, and drugs. Supplements can help improve your mental performance beyond what can be achieved by lifestyle choices alone. Benefits of Nootropics While most software programmers could improve their diets, there are those that have positive lifestyle habits. Either way, nootropics can provide benefits beyond a healthy diet and exercise. This includes improved focus, better memory, added motivation, and more. The Habits of a Typical Software Programmer If you’ve chosen to be a professional programmer, you’ve accepted a career that is highly sedentary and highly stressful. Programming can take a toll on both your physical and mental health, and you need to make intentional choices to stay healthy. Your job requires you to focus for long periods of time, and that can be difficult to do. After a long day’s work, you may find your memory declining along with your motivation, attention span and overall feeling of well-being. You may experience a mid-day crash and turn to sugary foods or caffeinated drinks to get through it. Regardless of how much you enjoy your job, the physical and mental demands can start to take a toll. Fortunately, you can turn to healthier options. Nootropics for Focus and Memory Do you remember the last time you’ve been able to sit down and work for three hours straight? If you rely on sugary snacks and caffeine to stay focused, it likely has been a while. Your body uses the energy from these types of foods quickly, and when your blood sugar returns to normal, you feel hungry again, and you get up to get another snack or drink. Some nootropic supplements contain Rhodiola and Panax ginseng, both of which are believed to improve focus and memory. Unlike unhealthy food choices, you won’t crash from nootropics and feel the need to take more. As an antioxidant, ginseng may protect your brain cells from free radical damage, thereby helping to improve your brain function in the long run and not just temporarily. Nootropics like Thrivous Clarity contain the herb Bacopa, which may also improve your memory after two to three months of use. Nootropics for Motivation No matter how much you enjoy your job, it can be difficult to stay motivated every day. When you are having an “off” day, you might be tempted to throw in the towel, or you might see your quality of work decline. Some nootropics boost dopamine and serotonin levels, both of which play a critical role in motivation. Nootropics for Mood Software programming can take a toll on your mental health as well. From stressful deadlines to the lack of naturally occurring dopamines due to sedentary work, you would benefit from a mood boost every once in awhile. Nootropics that contain Rhodiola and Zinc are believed to naturally improve your mood based on some placebo-controlled studies. Emotional and mental well-being are just as important as physical health, if not more so, for a pragmatic programmer. When you feel good mentally, you are more inclined to make healthier decisions overall. Nootropics for Sleep When your brain is stimulated all day by your work and even by the lights of your computer screen, you may find it difficult to wind down at night and go to sleep. A lack of sleep leaves you feeling worn out the next day, which makes it appealing to turn to unhealthy options to stay awake and alert. Nootropic supplements that contain ingredients like melatonin, magnesium, and certain amino acids can promote relaxation, sleep and improve your sleep quality. When you get better sleep at night, your mood, focus, and motivation all improve during the day. Work and Live Better with Nootropics Software programming is a mentally demanding job that is also highly sedentary. Rather than becoming a stereotype by binge eating sugary, starchy foods and relying on caffeine and energy drinks while you work, you can try nootropics. Different nootropics offer different benefits, but you can find many supplements that boost your mood, improve your focus, enhance your memory and give you a better night’s sleep. By eliminating the unhealthy choices from your life, your overall health and well-being will improve as well.
If you feel chained to a desk, you’re not alone. The World Health Organization notes that 60 to 85 percent of people in the world are living a sedentary lifestyle. Lawyers, especially, find that the lifestyle that comes along with working in the legal profession can be one that leaves them feeling drained, tired and listless. Put down that second — or fifth — cup of coffee, though. Nootropics can offer lawyers a safe, effective way to combat the challenges of their career. Discover how Nootropics may even help improve the work lawyers do. The Challenges in a Lawyer’s Life A common belief is that lawyers, especially partners in a law firm, enjoy a lucrative career that allows them to live a lifestyle of riches and comfort. That belief, though, doesn’t include the countless hours of studying, preparation and hard work that goes into developing and achieving that career. Long Hours in a Sedentary Position A quick look at any personal blog from lawyers across a variety of specialties shows individuals who wake up early on few hours of sleep, spend their days fighting other people’s fires, sitting on the subway, car, or train to get to an office where they sit all day at their desk, answering emails and taking phone calls. When they go back home, these dedicated professionals check more emails. One attorney wrote that he would love to get to the gym, but he is only able to the rare, non-busy day. Common Health and Mental Issues When not at the office, lawyers might spend hours sitting in court, waiting for their case to be called or flying to meetings. While the stereotypical lawyer’s salary is one that many individuals envy, the work requirements and lifestyle are far from ideal for a lawyer’s health, while physical and mental health issues are on the rise. Lawyers often have poor nutrition, eating their breakfast and dinner on the go and their take-out lunch at their desks. There’s no time to properly digest or enjoy their meals. Lawyers have limited physical activity during the day. As much as they value fitness and physical wellness, the demands of their clients, their employers and their careers often take the front seat, pushing their physical health to the side. Lawyers are usually pulled in many different directions, including answering e-mails and reviewing documents while on client calls. There are only so many hours in a day, so multitasking and hourly re-prioritizing become the norm. The problem with this behavior is that an attorney’s attention span is affected, as well as his or her memory and focus. Lawyers often work long, unpredictable hours on little sleep. The hours they do sleep are often broken into smaller chunks and interrupted by work. However, despite the drawbacks, there is a solution that can give lawyers a significant advantage when facing their day. Nootropics and Lawyers: A Perfect Match This newer class of supplements was named in 1972, based on the Greek word for "mind" followed by the word for "bend" or "turn". Known as smart drugs, nootropics are supplements designed to improve the way consumers feel and think while helping to improve their lives. Boost Cognitive Performance Specific formulations provide benefits for everything from long-term brain health to daily productivity. Some of the most common nootropics are made with natural ingredients. For example, Ashwagandha is an herb that some lawyers use to relieve social stress. And some use Fish Oil to support mood and general brain function. Improve Clarity Thrivous Clarity, another example, the first nootropic from Thrivous, is an ideal supplement for lawyers. The vegan ingredients have been tested in peer-reviewed, double-blind studies. Clarity improves focus, memory, and mood, in both short- and long-term brain function studies. The active components, individually, in many nootropics are powerful. Combined, they give an even greater effect. Over two to three months of regular use, Bacopa has been shown to improve memory. Ginkgo Biloba, an ancient tree, is a widely recognized supplement for brain function. Panax Ginseng can help the user gain greater focus. L-Theanine, an amino acid, is an ideal supplement for relaxation. Rhodiola and Zinc have been shown to improve the user’s mood, with Rhodiola bringing an added benefit of increased focus. Energy, Focus and Better Sleeping Habits Some Nootropics, like Thrivous Serenity, are formulated to help the user sleep well and wake up focused and calm. And others, like Thrivous Surge, help the user gain a quick boost of energy and focus while enhancing memory and attention. For a lawyer who is always on the go, a nootropic supplement added to a lawyer’s busy lifestyle can be the ideal balance for the problems that can keep lawyers from achieving their full potential, peace, and joy that their job can bring. Nootropics make the most of the added benefits of many of the common herbs, vitamins, and minerals available in the United States. Nootropics naturally attack the problem, head-on, giving the consumer a healthy, effective way to improve their life and add value and meaning to a lawyer’s life.
Scientists led by Cornell University have created tiny micro-robots, invisible to the naked eye. They walk using four legs controlled by laser light, BBC News reports. These are the first microscopic robots that incorporate semiconductor components. This allows them to be controlled and made to walk with standard electronic signals, notes a Cornell press release. “These robots, roughly the size of paramecium, provide a template for building even more complex versions that utilize silicon-based intelligence, can be mass produced, and may someday travel through human tissue and blood.” A research paper is published in Nature. It describes this advance towards mass-manufactured, silicon-based, functional micro-robots. Lead researchers Itai Cohen and Paul McEuen hope that eventually robots like these could be designed to hunt down and destroy cancer cells, as reported by BBC News. This is one more step toward the fusion of electronics and the human body, covered in Pulse 166. The Cornell press release opens with a reference to Richard Feynman’s seminal lecture, “ There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom ” (1959). This lecture is considered as a key precursor to the field of nanotechnology, pioneered by Eric Drexler in the 1980s. Indeed, the growing miniaturization of robots with integrated processors and actuators seems inexorably to point the way to in-body medical nanotechnology. Perhaps Drexler’s nanobots, swarming through the body and curing diseases (including aging and death) are not that far after all. Genetic Discovery for Regeneration of Adult Skin Scientists at Washington State University have identified a genetic factor that allows adult skin to repair itself like the skin of a newborn. The discovery is described in a research paper published in eLife. It has implications for wound treatment and preventing some of the aging process in skin. The scientists identified a factor in the skin of baby mice controlling hair follicle formation. When it was activated in adult mice, their skin was able to heal wounds without scarring. The reformed skin even included fur and could make goose bumps. A lot of work still needs to be done before this latest discovery in mice can be applied to human skin. But this is a foundational advance according to the scientists. Molecular Studies Reveal that Aging Is Complex Researchers at EPFL have measured the molecular footprint that aging leaves on various mouse and human tissues. A study is published in Cell Reports. The study describes how the researchers used multiple techniques to measure the expression of every one of the thousands of mouse genes across three different tissues: liver, heart, and muscle. The data allowed the researchers to define an aging "footprint" and recover many of the known aging manifestations. However, aging is a complex process. And different tissues behave differently. The researchers are persuaded that further studies will permit advancing toward allowing people to age better and disease-free. Advanced Microscopy Reveals Cancer Vulnerability Caltech researchers have developed a framework using a specialized type of microscopy. It enables probing of the metabolic processes inside cancer cells. A study is published in Nature Communications. The study reports that the researchers applied Raman spectroscopy and Raman scattering microscopy to system biology. This technology permits looking inside cancer cells with more detail than before. The sub-cellular information obtained permits studying how metabolism affects drugs (“pharmacometabolomics”). While the primary purpose of the research was to do fundamental science, the researchers uncovered a few new metabolic susceptibilities in cancer cells.
Brain-inspired or “neuromorphic” computers could be much more efficient than current digital technologies for a wide range of applications. Now, scientists have developed nanomachines that act almost identically to brain cells (see below). These nanomachines could open the door to powerful brain-like computing. “This is the first study where we have been able to emulate a neuron with just a single nanoscale device, which would otherwise need hundreds of transistors,” said lead researcher Stanley Williams, as reported in a press release issued by Texas A&M University. “We have also been able to successfully use networks of our artificial neurons to solve toy versions of a real-world problem that is computationally intense even for the most sophisticated digital technologies.” We can leverage neuroscience “for solving problems that the brain is exceptionally good at,” added Williams. “We have demonstrated that depending on the type of problem, there are different and more efficient ways of doing computations other than the conventional methods using digital computers with transistors.” Nanomachines Emulate brain Cells Scientists at Texas A&M University, Hewlett Packard Labs, and Stanford University, have developed a nanoscale device that acts almost identically to a brain cell (neuron). The synthetic nanoscale device, or synthetic brain cell, consists of layers of different inorganic materials. A research paper is published in Nature. It shows that these synthetic brain cells can be joined together to form intricate networks that can then solve problems in a brain-like manner. For example, these brain-like networks can identify possible mutations in a virus. Molecular Blocks for Rebuilding Antibiotics Researchers at UC San Francisco have re-designed and re-engineered existing antibiotic molecules to overcome antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic resistance is one of the world's most urgent public health threats. A paper is published in Nature. It describes a set of molecular LEGO-like pieces that can be altered and joined together to form larger molecules. Using these molecular building blocks, the researchers have created what they hope is the first of many "rebuilds" of drugs that had been shelved due to antibiotic resistance. Artificial Cells for Next-Generation Smart Drugs Chemists at University of Alberta and University of Trento have developed artificial cells that can communicate with other cells within the body. They have potential applications in the field of smart pharmaceuticals. The artificial cells are described in a study published in Science Advances. They work by detecting changes in their environment within the body. In response, the artificial cells create and release proteins that influence the behavior of other cells within the body. The new artificial cells are the first that can chemically communicate with and influence the behavior of natural living cells. The chemists are hopeful that, in future smart pharmaceuticals, artificial cells could be engineered to synthesize and deliver specific therapeutic molecules inside the body. CRISPR-Based Field Test for Malaria Scientists led by Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering and MIT have created a malaria test. This field-applicable, ultrasensitive testing method for both symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria has been developed using cut and paste CRISPR DNA editing technology. The new malaria diagnostic method is described in a research paper published in PNAS. It combines an optimized 10-minute rapid sample preparation protocol with the CRISPR-based SHERLOCK system. Together, they enable highly specific and sensitive detection of malaria within about an hour.
A new drug, called "Ab8," shows promise in the fight against COVID-19 (see below). The tiny size of the molecules upon which the drug is based "not only increases its potential for diffusion in tissues to better neutralize the virus, but also makes it possible to administer the drug by alternative routes, including inhalation," notes a press release issued by University of Pittsburgh. "Importantly, it does not bind to human cells - a good sign that it won’t have negative side-effects in people." "Ab8 not only has potential as therapy for COVID-19, but it also could be used to keep people from getting SARS-CoV-2 infections,” said researcher John Mellors. “The COVID-19 pandemic is a global challenge facing humanity, but biomedical science and human ingenuity are likely to overcome it. We hope that the antibodies we have discovered will contribute to that triumph." New Drug Neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 Virus Researchers led by University of Pittsburgh have isolated the smallest biological molecule to date that completely and specifically neutralizes the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This virus is the cause of COVID-19. The antibody component is 10 times smaller than a full-sized antibody. It has been used to construct a drug known as "Ab8." It has potential use as a therapeutic and prophylactic against SARS-CoV-2. A research paper is published in Cell. It reports that Ab8 is highly effective in preventing and treating SARS-CoV-2 infection in mice and hamsters. Abound Bio, a newly formed company, has licensed Ab8 for worldwide development. Killer T Cells Reduce COVID-19 Severity Researchers at La Jolla Institute for Immunology have found that a multi-layered, virus-specific immune response is important for controlling SARS-CoV-2 during the acute phase of infection. It may reduce COVID-19 disease severity, with the bulk of the evidence pointing to a much bigger role for T cells than antibodies. A weak or uncoordinated immune response, on the other hand, predicts a poor disease outcome. The findings are published in Cell. They suggest that vaccine candidates should aim to elicit a broad immune response that include antibodies, as well as helper and killer T cells to ensure protective immunity. Specific Brain Cells Determine Ability to Adapt Experimenting with laboratory mice, researchers at University of Zurich have found which neurons in the brain are in command in guiding adaptive behavior. This behavior is the ability to constantly adapt to new situations. A study is published in Nature. It indicates that a group of brain cells in the orbitofrontal cortex is particularly active during the relearning process. It appears that this is crucial to behavioral flexibility and our ability to adapt to new situations. The researchers are persuaded that the findings may contribute to a better understanding of brain disorders in which the flexibility in decision making is impaired. This is the case, for example, in various forms of autism and schizophrenia. Enhanced Dopamine Sensors for Brain Disorders Scientists at UC Davis have enhanced a single fluorescent protein-based biosensor. It enables high resolution, real-time imaging of the spatial and temporal release of dopamine in live animals. A research paper is published in Nature Methods. It reports that the scientists have expanded the color spectrum of a previously developed biosensor. The new sensors permit studying dopamine's release in more detail, and model its effects on neural circuits. This could facilitate the development of safer next-generation therapies to neuropsychiatric disorders. In particular, it may help in cases such as depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, and addiction. Soy-Based Compounds Reduce Bone Cancer Researchers at Washington State University have found that the slow release of soy-based chemical compounds from a 3D-printed bone-like scaffold resulted in a reduction in bone cancer cells. It also built up healthy cells and reduced harmful inflammation. Soybeans contain estrogens. They have been shown to impede cancer cell growth for many types of cancer without being toxic to normal cells. A study is published in Acta Biomaterialia. It describes how the researchers used 3D-printing to make patient-specific, bone-like scaffolds that included three soy compounds. Then, they slowly released the compounds into samples containing bone cancer as well as healthy bone cells. The results seem promising. High Resolution Analysis of Neural Circuits Scientists at Harvard Medical School, Boston Children's Hospital, and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) have developed a new x-ray microscopy technique. It could help accelerate efforts to map neural circuits, and ultimately the brain itself. A research paper is published in Nature Neuroscience. It describes how the scientists used x-ray holographic nano-tomography (XNH) to image relatively large volumes of mouse brain and fruit fly nervous tissue at high resolutions. The scientists used XNH and artificial intelligence-driven image analysis to reconstruct dense neural circuits in 3D. They comprehensively cataloged neurons. And they even traced individual neurons from muscles to the central nervous system in fruit flies.
Scientists at University of Washington have designed and synthesized miniproteins that act as potent and stable stable antivirals. They block coronavirus infection of cultured human cells (see below). "Although extensive clinical testing is still needed, we believe the best of these computer-generated antivirals are quite promising," notes lead author Longxing Cao in a University of Washington press release. "They appear to block SARS-CoV-2 infection at least as well as monoclonal antibodies, but are much easier to produce and far more stable, potentially eliminating the need for refrigeration." "Our success in designing high-affinity antiviral proteins from scratch is further proof that computational protein design can be used to create promising drug candidates," added Prof. David Baker. Promise of Synthetic Antivirals for COVID-19 Researchers at University of Washington have shown that computer-designed miniproteins can protect lab-grown human cells from SARS-CoV-2. This is the coronavirus that causes COVID-19. The new synthetic antiviral candidates were designed to prevent infection by interfering with the mechanism that coronaviruses use to break into and enter cells. A study is published in Science. It indicates that the lead antiviral candidate rivals the best-known SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies in its protective actions. DNA Nanotechnology for Cancer Immunotherapy Scientists at Wistar Institute successfully delivered nanoparticle-based cancer vaccines. They stimulated robust cell immunity and controlled melanoma growth in preclinical models. A research paper is published in Cancer Immunology Research. It suggests that DNA-launched nanoparticle vaccination (DLnano-vaccines), developed using synthetic DNA technology, may be designed for various types of cancer. This could be a promising strategy for cancer immunotherapy. Synthetic Molecular Bricks Kill Cancer Cells Researchers at Max Planck Institute have found that the self-destruction mechanism of cancer cells can be activated. This is done by means of targeted and localized disruption of structure of the cells. Laboratory experiments are described in a study published in Journal of the American Chemical Society. They have already demonstrated initial successes. The researchers have synthetically produced molecular “Lego bricks” that travel into both normal and cancer cells. If indicators of cancer are found, the individual Lego bricks can connect and form a large web-like network. The web grows inside the cancer cells. It is extremely stable and deforms the cancer cells from the inside out. Unable to cope with the physical stress, the cancer cell activates its own self-destruction mechanism. Selectively Killing Cancer Cells Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine and University of Oxford have suggested a new way to kill some multiplying human breast cancer cells. This is done by selectively attacking the core of their cell division machinery. The technique has, so far, been tested only on lab-grown and patient-derived cancer cells. It is described in a research paper published in Nature. The scientists are persuaded that the findings could advance efforts to find drugs that kill breast cancer cells in a subset of patients, and leave healthy cells unharmed. Control Gene Activation in Biotechnology Researchers at UC San Diego have solved a long-standing DNA activation code mystery. This was done with the aid of artificial intelligence. Human genes are known to be activated through instructions delivered by the precise order of our DNA. But how three-quarters are turned on, or promoted, has remained a mystery so far due to the enormous number of DNA base sequence possibilities. A paper was published in Nature. It identifies a frequently used DNA activation code. According to the researchers, it could eventually be used to control gene activation in biotechnology and biomedical applications. Haptic Glove Mimics the Experience of Touch Engineers at University of New South Wales have invented a soft wearable glove that simulates the sense of touch. It does this via soft, miniature artificial "muscles." The new haptic glove is described in a research paper published in IEEE Access. It mimics the experience of touch by stimulating localized areas of the skin in ways that are similar to what is felt in the real world. This includes force, vibration, and motion. The engineers plan to implement the device in various haptic applications. Examples include haptic motion guidance, navigational assistance for older people and those with low vision, and tactile textual language. Another example is 3D force feedback display for use in surgical robots, prostheses, and virtual and augmented reality. Nanotech Drug Delivery for Cancer Treatment Researchers at Tel Aviv University have developed a nanotechnology-based drug delivery system. It could significantly enhance the effectiveness of treatment for the aggressive skin cancer melanoma. The new treatment was tested on laboratory mice. It showed promising results. They were reported in a study published in Advanced Therapeutics. The nanocarrier is a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer. It comprises repeating units of glutamic acids. And it packages together two drugs belonging to different families with proven efficacy for the treatment of melanoma. The nanocarrier has also been tested successfully for treating pancreatic, breast, and ovarian cancer in laboratory animals.
The Neuralink website has been revamped after the technology update released last week. Of course, the update has been widely covered by the press. According to Wired, Neuralink technology “looks awesome.” The Neuralink device, with “sensors for motion, temperature, and pressure and 1,024 thin, flexible wires to pick up the electrical signals neurons put out while they’re neuron-ing,” is much better than the relatively crude tools used today by neuroscientists. “Musk now has a device that’s at least 10 times better,” said Christof Koch, chief scientist at the Allen Institute for Brain Science, as reported by Wired. Wired notes that, according to Musk, one day “Neuralink would be able to record and replay memories, even save them to an external drive and download them into a robot body. He said people with implants would be capable of telepathy.” "In terms of their technology, 1,024 channels is not that impressive these days, but the electronics to relay them wirelessly is state-of-the-art, and the robotic implantation is nice,” said neuroscientist Andrew Jackson, as reported by BBC News. Both the Wired and BBC stories, as well as many others, use the word “hype” a lot. The headlines read, respectively, “Neuralink Is Impressive Tech, Wrapped in Musk Hype,” and “Is Elon Musk over-hyping his brain-hacking Neuralink tech?” In my own commentary, titled “ Pigs in cyberspace: Neuralink and the noosphere,” I argue that what Elon Musk has done and continues to do (not only with Neuralink, but also with Tesla and SpaceX) deserves praise and admiration. And, why not, some degree of hype. Of course one should be careful with excessive expectations and over-hype, but to me a world without hype is a world without hope. And hope is what we and our societies really, urgently, desperately need. Nanobodies Protect Human Cells from COVID-19 Scientists at Karolinska Institute have identified a small neutralizing antibody, a so-called nanobody. It has the capacity to block SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVID-19, from entering human cells. A research paper was published in Nature Communications. It suggests that this nanobody offers several advantages over conventional antibodies as candidates for specific therapies. The researchers believe this nanobody has the potential to be developed as an antiviral treatment against COVID-19. Hydrogel Anti-Rejection Drug for Grafted Hearts Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine and National Cancer Institute have demonstrated the possibility of easily delivering a promising anti-rejection drug directly to the area surrounding a grafted heart. They did this in laboratory mice by packaging drug within a tiny three-dimensional protein gel cocoon known as a hydrogel. A study is published in Small. It indicates that the release of the drug is spread out over time. This makes it highly regulatable. And it eliminates the need for daily medication to keep rejection in check. Combined Immunotherapies Show Powerful Effects City of Hope scientists have combined two potent immunotherapies. They are an oncolytic virus and a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy. The combination targets and eradicates solid tumors that are otherwise difficult to treat with CAR T therapy alone. A research paper is published in Science Translational Medicine. It describes how the scientists designed and engineered an oncolytic virus to enter cancer cells in laboratory mice. And they used the cells’ own machinery to replicate itself, and engineer the cancer cells to express a CAR T agent. The combination had a powerful effect. The immune system built a memory response to the tumor. And it shielded the mice against cancer recurrences. Regulate Cell Suicide to Boost Immunotherapy Johns Hopkins Medicine researchers have found that a gene that may be the culprit in making breast cancer and melanoma cells resistant to therapies that use the immune system to fight cancer. The gene is responsible for turning off a cell's natural "suicide" signals. The results of a study conducted with mice and human cells are published in Cell Reports. They suggest that the over-expression of a gene called BIRC2 could be a key marker for immunotherapy resistance. The results further advances precision medicine efforts in this area of cancer treatment. Supercharge Natural Killer Cells for Immunotherapy Researchers at Walter and Eliza Hall Institute have suggested that immune cells called 'natural killer' (NK) cells could be a powerful weapon for fighting lung cancer. A study of small cell lung cancer in preclinical and patient samples is published in Journal of Thoracic Oncology. It reveals that NK cells are essential for slowing the aggressive spread of the cancer. “Supercharging” the NK cells further boosted their cancer-fighting abilities. The researchers are persuaded that NK cell-based immunotherapies could be an effective supplement to chemotherapy. They may slow disease spread and extend the survival of cancer patients. Electronic Skin Reacts to Pain Like Real Skin Scientists at RMIT University have developed electronic artificial skin. It reacts to pain just like real skin. This opens the way to better prosthetics, smarter robotics, and non-invasive alternatives to skin grafts. The prototype pain-sensing skin is described in a research paper published in Advanced Intelligent Systems. It mimics the body's near-instant feedback response. And it reacts to painful sensations with the same lighting speed that nerve signals travel to the brain. The scientists are persuaded that this is a significant advance towards next-generation biomedical technologies.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has released Tenacity Arthroprotector Formula 2 with Vitamin D3. Tenacity is the advanced geroprotector dietary supplement that Thrivous develops to enhance joint and bone function for better aging. Vitamin D3 is the most bioavailable form of Vitamin D. Multiple human studies show that Vitamin D may support healthy mobility, decrease risk of falls, and support overall better aging. Multiple human studies also show that Vitamin D may support immune system performance and enhance cognitive functions. By some estimates, approximately 93% of people in the United States consume less than the estimated average requirements for Vitamin D from natural sources and fortified foods. And a larger unknown percentage consume less than optimal amounts. For details, see the summary of clinical studies for Tenacity Arthroprotector. Tenacity combines multiple geroprotectors for joints and bones into a single formula in a delayed-release capsule. In addition to a clinical dose of Vitamin D3, it provides clinical doses of: ApresFlex Boswellia Serrata Resin Extract Black Pepper Piperine Extract Turmeric Curcumin Rhizome Extract S Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) Vitamin K Complex (K1 Phylloquinone and K2 Menaquinone 7) "Tenacity is the best supplement for joints and bones on the market," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "It doesn't cut any corners. It contains the most well-evidenced ingredients and doses. And the price per dose makes it by far the most cost-effective option on the market anywhere in the world, to the best of my knowledge." Geroprotectors are longevity technology. They support healthy aging and promote life extension. In pursuit of its mission, Thrivous develops advanced geroprotector supplements with science-backed doses of the most effective nutrients, open-source formulas, and rigorous quality control. Tenacity is one of several geroprotectors that Thrivous develops. Thrivous develops its formulas based on the best scientific evidence from multiple human studies – the gold standard of health science. In consultation with their advisor board of physicians and scientists, they perform extensive analysis of decades of clinical research from scientists around the world. Their algorithms rank hundreds of nutrients by parameters that include evidence, safety, and efficacy. They develop formulas around only the best nutrients and doses. And they publish summaries of clinical studies to help customers make the best decision. Thrivous supplements pass through three rounds of rigorous quality control. Suppliers test each nutrient for identity, potency, and safety from harmful microbes and heavy metals. Third-party labs test each nutrient again to double-check quality and safety before manufacturing. Manufacturing follows strict GMP regulation from the FDA at audited and certified facilities in the United States, and tests the combined nutrients yet again to triple-check safety. Finally, they publish all of these test results and quality certifications to help customers make the best decision. Product Resources Tenacity Arthroprotector is open source. Thrivous makes all scientific and quality information available at the following locations: Product Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. Thrivous develops nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to combat aging. Each nutrient and each dose is based on multiple human studies. And its rigorous quality control is completely open source. For more information, contact support@thrivous.com. About ApresFlex ApresFlex is a registered trademark of Laila Nutraceuticals. United States patent #8,551,496 and other patents pending.
I guess all readers know that Elon Musk’s company Neuralink is developing some kind of awesome brain interfacing technology. But official updates are not released frequently. More than one year ago, Pulse covered the last (until now) official update. Now Elon Musk has delivered a new Neuralink update, live streamed and published on YouTube. In his opening remarks, Musk called for engineers to apply for jobs at Neuralink. The star of the presentation was a pig named Gertrude, outfitted with Neuralink’s brain implant. “Gertrude shuffled around her pen, sniffing the ground and eating, while loud beeps and blips filled the air and a display showed real-time spikes in her brain activity,” summarizes CNN. “Musk explained that Gertrude had the implant inserted in her head two months before, and that it connected to neurons in her snout. When she touched something with her snout, it sent out neural spikes that were detected by the more than 1,000 electrodes in the implant.” Neuralink’s tiny interface device is easily implanted into the skull. It's easy to install, remove, and power. And it communicates wirelessly, and can stimulate the brain besides reading it. Musk said that Neuralink received an FDA " breakthrough device " designation in July and is preparing for its first implantation in a human. There are, of course, important medical applications envisaged for Neuralink technology. Paralyzed patients could use the neural interface to control prosthetic limbs and computers. Conditions such as depression and insomnia, and even deafness and blindness, could be eventually cured. But it’s easy to see that, besides medical applications, Neuralink’s brain interfacing technology could enable science-fictional applications like technological telepathy, or blending human and artificial intelligence (AI). “On a species level, it’s important to figure out how we coexist with advanced AI, achieving some AI symbiosis,” said Musk, “That might be the most important thing that a device like this achieves.” Musk’s announcement has been widely and enthusiastically covered by the press. Of course there are exceptions, such as an MIT Technology Review commentary that is, unfortunately, a hatchet job of pompous, pedantic, pointless, and hateful criticism for its own sake. This is typical of what I have come to expect from a certain type of “intellectual.” Let me, instead, add mine to the many voices that enthusiastically praise this and other accomplishments of Elon Musk and his teams. Of course the road is long, but I think there are good things ahead. Synthetic Proteins Repair Neural Connections Researchers at German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Keio University, and Aichi Medical University have developed a neurologically active synthetic protein. And they tested it in laboratory studies. One study is published in Science. It shows that the experimental compound ameliorated symptoms of certain neurological injuries and diseases in mice. And, on the microscopic level, it was able to establish and repair connections between neurons. This proof-of-principle study suggests that biologics could be of clinical use in the long term. Biologics act on neuronal connectivity. Brain Imaging Analysis Boosts Brain Treatments Duke University scientists have developed a new method of brain imaging analysis. It offers the potential greatly to improve the effectiveness of noninvasive brain stimulation treatment. This may help in cases of Alzheimer's, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, and other conditions. The new method is described in a research paper published in The Journal of Neuroscience. It analyzed the whole brain network rather than a single region of the brain. And it identified brain areas that exert the most control on network function. The scientists are persuaded that brain stimulation can promote healthy brain activity patterns. And it may eventually enhance memory function and treat a range of cognitive disorders. Re-Engineered Protein May Reverse Nerve Damage Researchers at University of Toronto Engineering and University of Michigan have redesigned and enhanced a natural enzyme. The enhanced protein shows promise in promoting the regrowth of nerve tissue following injury. The work is described in a paper published in Science Advances. Researchers altered the biochemical structure of the enzyme in order to create a more stable version. The new version is more stable than the original that occurs in nature. Researchers believe it could lead to new treatments for reversing nerve damage caused by traumatic injury or stroke. RNA Technology Rebuilds Broken Heart Tissues Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have shown that it may be possible to one day heal damaged heart tissue with medication. The medication would target an essential biomolecule that surges in failing heart muscle. A research paper is published in Nature Chemistry. It describes a compound able to restart cellular production of a factor called VEGF-A, short for vascular endothelial growth factor A. VEGF-A acts as a signal to stem cells. It causes them to rebuild blood vessels and muscle in damaged heart tissue, and improve blood flow. The Scripps scientists used experimental RNA technology developed in collaboration with AstraZeneca. Tweaking a Protein Boosts a Cancer Vaccine Researchers at Thomas Jefferson University have found that tweaking a protein in adenoviruses induces a more robust immune reaction. The protein has been used to deliver vaccines against gastric, pancreatic, esophageal and colon cancers in animal models. A study with laboratory animal studies is published in Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer. Based on the study, researchers speculate that 90% of patients in planned human tests should have a clinically meaningful immune response to the new version of the vaccine. Only about 50% of patients respond to the first version.
Scientists are taking steps toward integrating electronics with the body. Such devices could monitor for tumor development or stand in for damaged tissues. But “connecting electronics directly to human tissues in the body is a huge challenge,” notes a press release issued by the American Chemical Society (ACS). “Now, a team is reporting new coatings for components that could help them more easily fit into this environment.” The scientists found that a polymer had the properties necessary for interfacing hardware and human tissue.The research results have been presented at the American Chemical Society (ACS) Fall 2020 Virtual Meeting & Expo. The scientists are “using flexible, organic electronics rather than rigid materials like silicon and covering them with bio-friendly coatings,” notes Futurism. According to research leader David Martin, these biological-synthetic hybrid materials might someday be useful in merging artificial intelligence with the human brain. Other related and intriguing advances have been presented at the ACS Fall 2020 Virtual Meeting & Expo. “Electronic devices and biological cells communicate through very different mechanisms,” notes another ACS press release. “Now, scientists report progress on tiny communication networks that overcome this language barrier, allowing electronics to eavesdrop on cells and alter their behavior - and vice versa.” Nanoparticles Deliver Genetic therapy to Mice Scientists led by Ohio State University have engineered lipid-based nanoparticles carrying two sets of protein-making instructions. The results of a study with laboratory mice were published in Science Advances. They suggest that the new nanoparticles have the potential to function as therapies for two genetic disorders. In one experiment, the payload-containing nanoparticles prompted the production of the missing clotting protein in mice that are models for hemophilia. In another test, the nanoparticles' cargo reduced the activation level of a gene that, when overactive, interferes with clearance of cholesterol from the bloodstream. Nanoscale Devices Target Drugs to Specific Cells Scientists at University of Washington and Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center have designed new nanoscale devices. They are made of synthetic proteins, which target a therapeutic agent only to cells with specific, predetermined combinations of cell surface markers. The devices are described in a research paper published in Science. They operate on their own and search out cells they were programmed to find. The hope is that they might guide CAR T cancer therapy and other treatments where precision is critical, through a sort of molecular beacon. Bioluminescent Tag Monitors DNA Repair in Vivo Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital and the Academia Sinica have developed a new bioluminescent tag. It tracks DNA double stranded break (DSB) repair in cells. The new bioluminescent repair reporter (BLRR)-based system is described in a paper published in Nucleic Acids Research. It can be used to monitor DNA repair processes directly in animals as well as cell lines. No such system previously existed for in vivo studies. DSB damage repair is key to maintaining genomic integrity and cell viability. And it plays a crucial role in multiple conditions, including cancer. Engineered Molecule Activates Anti-Cancer Protein Scientists at Scripps Research have discovered a molecule that can activate a natural immune-boosting protein called STING. The findings are reported in a research paper published in Science. They mark a key advance in the field of oncology. The STING protein is known for its strong anti-tumor properties. STING (short for STimulator of INterferon Genes) marshals the immune system against viral and cancerous invaders. Because of its role in promoting anti-tumor immunity, it has garnered enthusiastic interest from drug developers. The scientists engineered a molecule that reduced the growth of an aggressive form of melanoma. The discovery raises the possibility of a circulating drug that could activate STING and suppress a wide range of cancers. Removing Copper from the Blood Can Cure Cancer Researchers at Children's Cancer Institute in Sydney and UNSW Sydney have discovered that removing copper from the blood can destroy some of the deadliest cancers. The cancers are resistant to immunotherapy. The researchers found a correlation between high levels of copper and increased expression of Programmed Death Ligand (PD-L1). The researchers then showed that copper levels could control the expression of PD-L1 in cancer cells. And they used a drug in laboratory mice with neuroblastoma and glioblastoma (two deadly cancers) to reduce copper levels and the expression of PD-L1 in cancer cells. A study was published in Cancer Research. When the mice were given immunotherapy there was a significant reduction in the size of their tumors. Gene Editing Almost Entirely Removes Oral Herpes Infectious disease researchers at Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center have used a gene editing approach to remove latent herpes simplex virus 1, or HSV-1. The virus is also known as oral herpes. The findings were published in Nature Communications. They show at least a 90 percent decrease in the latent virus in laboratory animals. This is enough for researchers to expect that it will keep the infection from coming back. This is the first time that scientists have been able to go in and actually eliminate most of the herpes in a body.
There is no question that motivation is one of the hardest and yet important factors in life, notes a press release issued by Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL). "It's the difference between success and failure, goal-setting and aimlessness, well-being and unhappiness. And yet, why is it so hard to get motivated - or even if we do, to keep it up?" EPFL neuroscientists have advanced toward answering this question (see below). The findings provide novel insights in the field of motivation neuroscience," said research co-leader Carmen Sandi. "They show that the balance between glutamine and glutamate can help predict specific, computational components of motivated performance. Our approach and data can also help us develop therapeutic strategies, including nutritional interventions, that address deficits in effort engagement by targeting metabolism." I am persuaded that lack of sustained motivation is a curse. And I would certainly welcome new light therapeutic options, such as nootropics. See Thrivous Nootropic Stack. Neurotransmitters Are Key to Motivation Neuroscientists at Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) have discovered that the key to motivation and sustained performance lies within the ratio of two neurotransmitters in the brain: glutamine and glutamate. A study was published in Neuropsychopharmacology. It indicates that the balance of glutamine and glutamate in a region of the brain sitting close to the bottom of brain, called “nucleus accumbens,” relates to our capacity for maintaining performance over a long period of time. Researchers cal this "stamina." Nanotubes Allow Retinal Cells to Communicate Researchers at University of Montreal have discovered a previously unknown mechanism of blood redistribution. It is essential for the proper functioning of the adult retina. A paper was published in Nature. It identifies a communication structure between cells that is required to coordinate blood supply in the living retina. Pericytes are cells that have the ability to control the amount of blood passing through a single capillary. Using a microscopy technique to visualize vascular changes in living mice, the researchers showed that pericytes project very thin nanotubes. The inter-pericyte tunnelling nanotubes enable communication with other pericytes located in distant capillaries. Through these nanotubes, the pericytes can talk to each other and deliver blood where it is most needed. Inhalable Protection Against COVID-19 Scientists at UC San Francisco have devised a new approach to halting the spread of SARS-CoV-2. This is the virus that causes COVID-19. A research preprint was published in bioRxiv. It reports that the scientists engineered a completely synthetic, production-ready molecule that straitjackets the crucial SARS-CoV-2 machinery that allows the virus to infect our cells. The scientists tested an aerosol formulation, dubbed "AeroNabs,” which could be self-administered with a nasal spray or inhaler. Used once a day, AeroNabs could provide powerful, reliable protection against SARS-CoV-2 until a vaccine becomes available. Memory in Older People May Be Different Scientists at Washington University have found that brain activity in older adults isn't necessarily quieter when it comes to memory, but just different. A study was published in Nature Communications. It indicates that certain areas of the brain, implicated in broad, schematic knowledge, are especially active in older adults. In practice, this suggests that younger people might be more focused on the specifics of a situation. And older people might pay more attention to the broader picture. Cancer Immunotherapy Boosted in Mice In a mouse study, researchers at Washington University have found that an antibody that targets a protein called TREM2 empowers tumor-destroying immune cells. And it improves the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. The researchers injected cancerous cells into mice. All of the mice that were then treated with the antibody combined with an immunotherapy agent rejected the tumors completely. The findings were published in Cell. They point to a potential new way to unlock the power of immunotherapy for more cancer patients. Robust Stability Is Built Into Neural Circuits MIT neuroscientists have developed a new theoretical framework showing that many properties of neural connections help biological circuits produce consistent computations. A research paper was published in PLOS Computational Biology. In it, the neuroscientists describe an inclination toward robust stability that is built in neural circuits by virtue of the connections or synapses that neurons make with each other. Networks of neurons involved in the same computation will repeatedly converge toward the same patterns of electrical activity. This happens even if they are sometimes arbitrarily perturbed by neural noise or external stimuli.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has released Clarity Daily Nootropic Formula 4 with L Theanine. Clarity Daily Nootropic is the advanced nootropic dietary supplement that Thrivous develops to enhance memory, focus, and mood and to support healthy brain function. L Theanine is an amino acid, found naturally in the tea leaf. L Theanine is a versatile nootropic that provides different benefits in different Thrivous formulas. In Clarity Daily Nootropic, L Theanine works with other nutrients to decrease stress and promote focus. In Serenity Nightly Nootropic, L Theanine promotes relaxation in preparation for sleep. And in Surge Acute Nootropic, L Theanine decreases the side effects of Caffeine to increase productive energy. Formula 4 of Clarity Daily Nootropic also introduces adjustments to nutrient doses. The new doses facilitate usage that more closely conforms to effective dosage patterns in human studies. "Each new formula demonstrates Thrivous' commitment to continuous development of the most advanced nootropics on the market anywhere in the world," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "As science continues to evolve, and as our analytical and manufacturing capacities continue to expand, Thrivous products keep getting better." In addition to L Theanine, Clarity Daily Nootropic includes clinical doses of Bacopa Monnieri and Rhodiola Rosea. Bacopa and Rhodiola are both nootropic herbs. Multiple human studies have demonstrated that Bacopa, when used consistently over extended periods of time, may enhance memory. And Rhodiola may enhance focus, mood, and energy. Clarity Daily Nootropic also provides a safe high dose of Vitamin B Complex with high quality bioavailable B Vitamers, as well as Zinc Picolinate. These vitamins and minerals work with other nutrients in the formula to enhance focus and mood, and to support healthy brain function. Thrivous has also released Alpha Neuroprotector Formula 4. Alpha Neuroprotector is the advanced nootropic geroprotector that supports healthy brain and nerve function for better aging. The new formula adjusts nutrient doses to facilitate usage that more closely conforms to human studies. The benefits of Clarity Daily Nootropic and Alpha Neuroprotector complement each other. Clarity is designed to enhance cognition over the short to mid term. And Alpha is designed to enhance cognition over the mid to long term. Thrivous formulated these two supplements for simultaneous use, and sells them together at a discount in Clarity and Alpha Stack. Clarity and Alpha contain only nutrients and doses based on high levels of evidence for safety and efficacy from multiple clinical studies on humans — no experimental substances and no placebo dust. Because science is never finished, Thrivous monitors and analyzes new studies, consults with its advisor board of physicians and scientists, and seeks continuously to improve all of its supplement formulas. Clarity and Alpha pass through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Suppliers subject each nutrient to identity, potency, microbial, heavy metals, and other testing as appropriate prior to manufacturing. Manufacturing follows strict GMP regulation from the FDA in audited and certified facilities, verifying the test results of suppliers, and subjecting combined nutrients to additional testing. Clarity and Alpha have open source formulas, clearly identifying all nutrients and doses — no hiding behind secret proprietary blends. Thrivous publishes a certificate of analysis and quality for each of its supplements, transparently revealing all test results from suppliers and manufacturing. And it also publishes a summary of clinical studies for each supplement, sharing the science behind its formulas. About Clarity Daily Nootropic Clarity Daily Nootropic is the advanced supplement to enhance mental clarity, memory, focus, mood, and brain health. Each provides a month supply (60 capsules) of the best natural nootropics, including clinical doses of Synapsa® Bacopa Monnieri, L Theanine, Rhodiola Rosea, Vitamin B Complex, and Zinc Picolinate. Clarity Daily Nootropic Webpage Clarity Summary of Clinical Studies Clarity Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Alpha Neuroprotector Alpha Neuroprotector is the advanced supplement to enhance brain and nerve function for better aging. Each provides a month supply (120 capsules) of the best natural nootropics, including clinical doses of Acetyl L Carnitine, Alpha GPC, Ginkgo Biloba, R Alpha Lipoic Acid, and SerinAid® Phosphatidylserine. Alpha Neuroprotector Webpage Alpha Summary of Clinical Studies Alpha Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Clarity and Alpha Stack Clarity and Alpha Stack is the advanced supplement to enhance brain function, memory, focus, mood, and aging. Each provides a month supply (180 capsules) of the best natural nootropics, including clinical doses of ALCAR, Alpha GPC, B Complex, L Theanine, Phosphatidylserine, R ALA, Rhodiola, Synapsa® Bacopa, and Zinc. Clarity and Alpha Stack Webpage About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. Thrivous develops nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to combat aging. Each nutrient and each dose is based on multiple human studies. And its rigorous quality control is completely open source. For more information, contact support@thrivous.com.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has redesigned the capsules for Surge Acute Nootropic and Serenity Nightly Nootropic. Surge is a premium nootropic supplement that enhances productivity, energy, and focus. Serenity is a premium nootropic supplement that enhances relaxation, sleep, and next-day focus. The benefits of these nootropics are complementary when Surge is used before work and Serenity is used before sleep. The new capsule designs for Surge and Serenity reflect Thrivous' commitment to persistent innovation in response to customer feedback. The original capsules for both products were transparent, which displayed the color of the powder inside the capsules. Because the powder of both products is white, the original Surge and Serenity capsules looked the same. Customers asked Thrivous to make the capsules look different in order to minimize risk of confusion. Surge Acute Nootropic is now delivered in carmine capsules with an orange color. Carmine is a natural pigment derived from insects. The Surge label now also incorporates an orange band around its top, as a visual association between the bottle and the capsules. Serenity Nightly Nootropic is now delivered in chlorophyll capsules with a green color. Chlorophyll is a natural pigment derived from plants. The Serenity label now also incorporates a green band around its top, as a visual association between the bottle and the capsules. "Thrivous customers love Surge and Serenity," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "They love the practical benefits that these potent nootropics provide on demand. But that potency can be a problem, if you intend to use one nootropic but accidentally use the other. So now we're giving our customers more to love, by ensuring that they can easily distinguish between the capsules." Surge and Serenity contain only nutrients and doses based on high levels of evidence for safety and efficacy from multiple clinical studies on humans — no experimental substances and no placebo dust. Because science is never finished, Thrivous monitors and analyzes new studies, consults with its advisor board of physicians and scientists, and seeks continuously to improve all of its supplement formulas. Surge and Serenity pass through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Suppliers subject each nutrient to identity, potency, microbial, heavy metals, and other testing as appropriate prior to manufacturing. Manufacturing follows strict GMP regulation from the FDA in audited and certified facilities, verifying the test results of suppliers, and subjecting combined nutrients to additional testing. Surge and Serenity have open source formulas, clearly identifying all nutrients and doses — no hiding behind secret proprietary blends. Thrivous publishes a certificate of analysis and quality for each of its supplements, transparently revealing all test results from suppliers and manufacturing. And it also publishes a summary of clinical studies for each supplement, sharing the science behind its formulas. About Surge Acute Nootropic Surge Acute Nootropic is a premium supplement to enhance productivity, energy, and focus. Each bottle contains a multi-month supply (60 capsules) of the most effective natural nootropics, including clinical doses of Caffeine, L Theanine, and Panax Ginseng (Ginsenoside). Surge Webpage Surge Summary of Clinical Studies Surge Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Serenity Nightly Nootropic Serenity Nightly Nootropic is a premium supplement to enhance relaxation, sleep, and next-day focus. Each bottle contains a month supply (60 capsules) of the most effective natural nootropics, including clinical doses of L Theanine, Magnesium Glycinate, and Melatonin. Serenity Webpage Serenity Summary of Clinical Studies Serenity Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance mental ability and geroprotectors to promote healthy life extension, with open-source formulas and evidence-based doses of the most effective nutrients. For more information, contact support@thrivous.com.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has upgraded Alpha Neuroprotector to include SerinAid Phosphatidylserine. Alpha is a nootropic geroprotector that Thrivous developed to support brain function in healthy adults during normal aging. Formula 3 incorporates SerinAid, a standardized and patented form of Phosphatidylserine that has been the subject of more than 20 years of research and development for memory and cognitive support. SerinAid is an exceptional form of Phosphatidylserine that is both allergen-free and derived from soy phospholipid, via a patented process that removes all soy protein. Other forms of phosphatidylserine either: (1) originate from cow brains, which are not vegan and may increase disease risk; (2) originate from sunflowers, which researchers have used less frequently in clinical studies; or (3) contain soy protein, which may increase allergy risk. SerinAid provides the best overall benefit profile: it is a vegan, allergen-free, and well-researched form of Phosphatidylserine. "At Thrivous, we persistently look for cost-effective ways to improve our nootropic and geroprotector formulas," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "That's part of our mission to help our customers access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. Each incremental product improvement, whether in efficacy or quality or education, adds up to greater benefits in real lives." In addition to Phosphatidylserine, formula 3 of Alpha Neuroprotector incorporates Acetyl L Carnitine, Alpha GPC, Ginkgo Biloba, and R Alpha Lipoic Acid. Acetyl L Carnitine and R Alpha Lipoic Acid may work together to support healthy brain and nerve function, reducing cerebral toxins, and increasing energy. Alpha GPC may provide the most bio- and neuro-available form of Choline, which is essential to healthy brain function. And long-term supplementation of Ginkgo Biloba may support healthy brain function during normal aging. Alpha Neuroprotector contains only nutrients and doses based on high levels of evidence for safety and efficacy from multiple clinical studies on humans — no experimental substances and no placebo dust. Because science is never finished, Thrivous monitors and analyzes new studies, consults with its advisor board of physicians and scientists, and seeks continuously to improve all of its supplement formulas. Alpha Neuroprotector passes through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Suppliers subject each nutrient to identity, potency, microbial, heavy metals, and other testing as appropriate prior to manufacturing. Manufacturing follows strict GMP regulation from the FDA in audited and certified facilities, verifying the test results of suppliers, and subjecting combined nutrients to additional testing. Alpha Neuroprotector has an open source formula, clearly identifying all nutrients and doses — no hiding behind secret proprietary blends. Thrivous publishes a certificate of analysis and quality for each of its supplements, transparently revealing all test results from suppliers and manufacturing. And it also publishes a summary of clinical studies for each supplement, sharing the science behind its formulas. Product Resources Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance mental ability and geroprotectors to promote healthy life extension, with open-source formulas and evidence-based doses of the most effective nutrients. For more information, contact support@thrivous.com. About SerinAid SerinAid® is a registered trademark of Chemi Nutra. SerinAid is protected under U.S. patent numbers 5,700,668, 6,492,146, 6,645,742, 6,673,378, and 8,124,594.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, today launched the science-based premium geroprotector, Omega Cardioprotector, in pursuit of its mission to help customers access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. Omega is a daily supplement for healthy adults to support circulation, normal cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and heart function. The formula reflects decades of clinical research from scientists around the world. French Maritime Pine Bark extract may support circulation. Garlic Bulb extract may support healthy cholesterol levels. And Omega 3 EPA and DHA fatty acids may support healthy triglyceride levels. "These are exciting times for Thrivous and our customers," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "We've worked hard for years to develop and bring to market the most effective geroprotectors possible, given the current state of scientific knowledge and our technical capacities. Omega Cardioprotector is the culmination of that effort." "Of course, we also want to make these products as accessible as possible, while sustaining our business," continued Lincoln. "So we've priced them to provide the greatest value available on the market anywhere in the world, to the best of my knowledge. I expect they'll help a lot of people." Geroprotectors are longevity nutrients that support healthy aging or promote healthy life extension. Omega is the fourth geroprotector developed by Thrivous. Its first geroprotector, Alpha, is formulated to support healthy brain and nerve function. Its second, Vitality, is formulated to support healthy metabolic, cellular, and genetic function. And its third is Tenacity, formulated to support healthy joint and bone function. Omega fills out the line of geroprotectors. And it complements the line of Thrivous nootropics for cognitive health and enhancement. Omega contains only nutrients and doses based on high levels of evidence for safety and efficacy from multiple clinical studies on humans — no experimental substances and no placebo dust. Because science is never finished, Thrivous monitors and analyzes new studies, consults with its advisor board of physicians and scientists, and seeks continuously to improve all of its supplement formulas. Omega passes through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Suppliers subject each nutrient to identity, potency, microbial, heavy metals, and other testing as appropriate prior to manufacturing. Manufacturing follows strict GMP regulation from the FDA in audited and certified facilities, verifying the test results of suppliers, and subjecting combined nutrients to additional testing. Omega has an open source formula, clearly identifying all nutrients and doses — no hiding behind secret proprietary blends. Thrivous publishes a certificate of analysis and quality for each of its supplements, transparently revealing all test results from suppliers and manufacturing. And Thrivous also publishes a summary of clinical studies for each supplement, sharing the science behind its formulas. Product Resources Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy life extension, with open-source formulas and science-based doses of nutrients. For more information, contact support@thrivous.com.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, today introduced its science-based premium supplement, Tenacity Arthroprotector, in pursuit of its mission to help customers access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. Tenacity is a daily supplement for healthy adults to support joint and bone health. It is formulated based on decades of clinical research from scientists around the world. Turmeric Curcumin with Black Pepper may support joint comfort. S Adenosyl Methionine (SAMe) may support healthy joint function and comfort. Boswellia Serrata (Frankincense) may support healthy joint function. And Vitamin K Complex (as K1 and K2 MK7) may support healthy bone function. Tenacity incorporates ApresFlex, the next generation extract of Boswellia Serrata Resin with improved bioavailability that promotes healthy joints and connective tissues. Researchers developed a new composition based on previous clinically-proven Boswellia extracts. Tests show that, compared to other Boswellia extracts, ApresFlex promotes faster absorption and quicker therapeutic benefit, and the elimination pattern shows longer blood levels, suggesting a longer lasting activity. "Tenacity is a power-packed capsule," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "To the best of my knowledge, it combines all of the most effective natural geroprotectors for joints and bones. We've dosed them at levels that demonstrate positive results in clinical studies on humans. And we've done it in two capsules per serving. Of course, as always at Thrivous, we're also going to sell this premium geroprotector at a value price, so more people can access its benefits." Geroprotectors are longevity nutrients that support healthy aging or promote healthy life extension. Tenacity is the third geroprotector developed by Thrivous. Its first geroprotector, Alpha, is formulated to support healthy brain and nerve function during normal aging. Its second, Vitality, is formulated to support healthy metabolic, cellular, and genetic function during normal aging. And Thrivous plans to launch a fourth geroprotector soon, filling out its line geroprotectors, and complementing its line of nootropics for cognitive health and enhancement. Tenacity Arthroprotector contains only nutrients and doses based on high levels of evidence for safety and efficacy from multiple clinical studies on humans — no experimental substances and no placebo dust. Because science is never finished, Thrivous monitors and analyzes new studies, consults with its advisor board of physicians and scientists, and seeks continuously to improve all of its supplement formulas. Tenacity Arthroprotector passes through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Suppliers subject each nutrient to identity, potency, microbial, heavy metals, and other testing as appropriate prior to manufacturing. Manufacturing follows strict GMP regulation from the FDA in audited and certified facilities, verifying the test results of suppliers, and subjecting combined nutrients to additional testing. Tenacity Arthroprotector has an open source formula, clearly identifying all nutrients and doses — no hiding behind secret proprietary blends. Thrivous publishes a certificate of analysis and quality for each of its supplements, transparently revealing all test results from suppliers and manufacturing. And Thrivous also publishes a summary of clinical studies for each supplement, sharing the science behind its formulas. Product Resources Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy aging, with open-source formulas and science-based doses of natural nutrients. For more information, contact support@thrivous.com. About ApresFlex ApresFlex is a registered trademark of Laila Nutraceuticals. United States patent #8,551,496 and other patents pending.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, today launched its science-based premium supplement, Vitality Geroprotector, in pursuit of its mission to help customers access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. Vitality is a daily supplement for metabolic, cellular, and genetic health, formulated based on decades of clinical research from scientists around the world. Berberine combined with Milk Thistle supports healthy blood sugar levels. Coenzyme Q10 supports healthy mitochondria function. And Blueberry supports healthy DNA function. "Vitality is the culmination of years of product development at Thrivous," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "We've analyzed the research, identified the safest and most effective geroprotective nutrients, verified quality suppliers, and manufactured an exceptional product. Now we're ready and excited to help people live with better health longer." Geroprotectors are nutrients that support healthy aging, slow aging, or extend healthy life. Vitality is the second geroprotector developed by Thrivous. Its first geroprotector, Alpha, is formulated to support healthy brain and nerve function during normal aging. And Thrivous plans to launch two more geroprotectors soon, complementing its existing line of nootropics for cognitive health and enhancement. Vitality Geroprotector contains only nutrients and doses based on high levels of evidence for safety and efficacy from multiple clinical studies on humans — no experimental substances and no placebo dust. Because science is never finished, Thrivous monitors and analyzes new studies, consults with its advisor board of physicians and scientists, and seeks continuously to improve all of its supplement formulas. Vitality Geroprotector passes through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Suppliers subject each nutrient to identity, potency, microbial, heavy metals, and other testing as appropriate prior to manufacturing. Manufacturing follows strict GMP regulation from the FDA in audited and certified facilities, verifying the test results of suppliers, and subjecting combined nutrients to additional testing. Vitality Geroprotector has an open source formula, clearly identifying all nutrients and doses — no hiding behind secret proprietary blends. Thrivous publishes a certificate of analysis and quality for each of its supplements, transparently revealing all test results from suppliers and manufacturing. And Thrivous also publishes a summary of clinical studies for each supplement, sharing the science behind its formulas. Product Resources Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy aging, with open-source formulas and science-based doses of natural nutrients. For more information, contact support@thrivous.com.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has launched Formula 3 of Clarity Daily Nootropic. Formula 3 incorporates Synapsa, a standardized and patented form of bacopa monnieri that has been the subject of more than 30 years of clinical study for memory support. While most cognitive health supplements focus on the issue of cognitive decline – mainly in an aging population – the studies behind Synapsa focus on ‘peak cognitive performance’ outcomes that offer benefits for a much broader public. In six double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical studies, healthy adults using Synapsa showed significantly improved performance in areas such as visual processing, learning rate, working memory, information retention and mental performance in cognitively demanding environments versus a placebo regimen. "Thrivous is dedicated to helping our customers access the most effective cognitive enhancement available in the real world," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "Tomorrow, that may be something out of science fiction. Today, it's nootropics like Clarity, which we formulate based on extensive analysis of decades of clinical research from scientists around the world. With Synapsa, we're improving the formula, and extending the product value for our customers." Formula 3 of Clarity Daily Nootropic incorporates zinc picolinate, a more bioavailable form of zinc for mood support. It incorporates higher doses of several B Vitamins (B1, B2, B3, B5, and B6) in bioavailable and neuroavailable forms to support healthy brain function. And it continues to include rhodiola rosea to enhance focus, energy, and mood. Clarity Daily Nootropic contains only nutrients and doses based on high levels of evidence for safety and efficacy from multiple clinical studies on humans — no experimental substances and no placebo dust. Because science is never finished, Thrivous monitors and analyzes new studies, consults with its advisor board of physicians and scientists, and seeks continuously to improve all of its supplement formulas. Clarity Daily Nootropic passes through multiple rounds of rigorous quality control. Suppliers subject each nutrient to identity, potency, microbial, heavy metals, and other testing as appropriate prior to manufacturing. Manufacturing follows strict GMP regulation from the FDA in audited and certified facilities, verifying the test results of suppliers, and subjecting combined nutrients to additional testing. Clarity Daily Nootropic has an open source formula, clearly identifying all nutrients and doses — no hiding behind secret proprietary blends. Thrivous publishes a certificate of analysis and quality for each of its supplements, transparently revealing all test results from suppliers and manufacturing. And it also publishes a summary of clinical studies for each supplement, sharing the science behind its formulas. Product Resources Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy aging, with open-source formulas and evidence-based dosages of natural ingredients. For more information, contact support@thrivous.com. About Synapsa Synapsa is a trademark of Soho Flordis International Pty Ltd., exclusively licensed in the United States to PLT Health Solutions, Inc.
Orem UT USA – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, today announced that it has chosen BonVie to be its marketing and distribution partner in Greece and Cyprus. Under the terms of the agreement, BonVie is the exclusive distributor of all existing and future Thrivous products in Greece and Cyprus. Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous, said: “I’m excited to partner with BonVie. Their values and vision, as demonstrated in their market approach and in the manner of their business interactions, inspire me and are highly compatible with those of Thrivous. Thrivous couldn’t ask for a better first partner in our international expansion.” Spiros Vassilakis, CEO of BonVie, added, “Today is a great day for our company. Our mission is to partner with companies that have innovative products. Partnering with Thrivous is a great opportunity to add value to everyday life and build a healthier and better future for people in Greece and Cyprus.” BonVie expects to launch Thrivous Clarity Daily Nootropic in Greece and Cyprus in Q2 2018. It anticipates that Clarity will penetrate the local market quickly, based on the rapidly accelerating trend in sales of vitamins and food supplements in the territory, as well as the innovative synthesis of science and differentiated quality behind the Thrivous brand. About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy aging, with open-source formulas and evidence-based dosages of natural ingredients. Additional information is available at thrivous.com About BonVie BonVie envisions technological and medical breakthroughs actuating our best potential. Focused on this innovative vision, BonVie exceeds customer expectations by providing them products that offer the best experience and affect positively their lives and the lives of their loved ones. Additional information is available at www.bonviegroup.com
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has upgraded Alpha, the neuroprotector, to include phosphatidylserine. Alpha is a cognitive longevity enhancement supplement that Thrivous developed to support healthy brain aging. Thrivous designed formula 2 of Alpha to enhance its efficacy, enabled by improvements in its manufacturing, and reflecting clinical studies of its ingredients and their interactions. "Thrivous is about continuous improvement," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "We improved the manufacturing of Alpha to decrease the encapsulation space required by the original formula. And that enabled us to strengthen the formula with the inclusion of phosphatidylserine. Alpha is a unique product. To the best of my knowledge, judging from what I know of the science and the industry, Alpha has the greatest potential of any product on the market to support healthy brain aging." Alpha formula 2 contains Phosphatidylserine, a premium nootropic geroprotector. Phosphatidylserine is a phospholipid that occurs naturally in human and other animal cells. Supplemental phosphatidylserine may support healthy brain aging, particularly improving memory, and may enhance the efficacy of Ginkgo Biloba. See the Summary of Clinical Studies for references. Alpha also contains Acetyl-L-Carnitine (ALCAR), Alpha-GPC, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, and Ginkgo Biloba. The recommended serving is four capsules that provide 500 mg ALCAR, 300 mg Alpha-GPC (from 600 mg of 50% Alpha-GPC material), 150 mg Alpha-Lipoic Acid, and 100 mg Ginkgo (standardized to 24% flavone glycoside and 6% terpene lactone). The recommended dosage is one to four servings daily, for a total of 4 to 16 capsules daily. At this dosage, ALCAR and Alpha-Lipoic Acid may protect the brain from cerebral toxins, Alpha-GPC may provide bioavailable choline to support healthy brain aging, and Ginkgo may complement Phosphatidylserine and improve cerebral circulation to support healthy brain aging. See the Summary of Clinical Studies for references. Thrivous formulates Alpha with guidance from science, and strives to improve the formula continuously. Researchers carefully select all ingredients, standardized bioactives, and dosages based on high levels of evidence for notable effect from peer-reviewed clinical studies on humans. This distinguishes Thrivous from many vendors, who select ingredients with little or no evidence of efficacy in human studies, or at dosages that are far below those used in human studies. Because science is never finished, Thrivous continuously monitors and reviews new studies, consults with its advisor board of physicians and scientists, and updates the Alpha formula accordingly. Thrivous publishes the Alpha formula openly and completely. This contrasts sharply with the practices of many vendors, who hide their product formulas behind proprietary blends. The open-source formula identifies all ingredients, standardized bioactives, and dosages. This is the only way for consumers to know what and how much they are using, so that they may make good nutritional decisions. Thrivous transparently publishes all quality control documentation for Alpha, including test results from suppliers, manufacturing, and third-party labs. This is exceptional among vendors, who often withhold test results or make them difficult to find. Suppliers subject each ingredient to stringent quality testing, including identity, potency, microbial, heavy metals, and other tests as appropriate prior to release for manufacturing. Manufacturing follows strict GMP regulation from the FDA in audited and certified facilities, re-testing each ingredient to confirm supplier test results, monitoring production, and again testing finished product to ensure quality prior to release for shipping. Statements in this press release have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Consult a physician before and during use. Product Resources Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy aging, with open-source formulas and evidence-based dosages of natural ingredients. Its high-value products include Clarity, the daily nootropic to improve focus, memory, and mood, and to support healthy brain function. For more information, please contact support@thrivous.com.
Orem UT — Better Business Bureau (BBB) of Utah has accredited Thrivous. After review, BBB determined that Thrivous meets its Standards for Trust: build trust, advertise honestly, tell the truth, be transparent, honor promises, be responsive, safeguard privacy, and embody integrity. Thrivous has committed to continue operating in accordance with those standards. The BBB reliability report for Thrivous is available by visiting www.bbb.org or by calling (801) 892-6009. BBB ensures that high standards for trust are set and maintained. It exists so consumers and businesses alike have an unbiased source to guide them on matters of trust. BBB accreditation is an honor – and not every business is eligible. Businesses that meet its high standards are invited to seek BBB accreditation. Businesses deemed to meet accreditation standards are presented to the BBB's Board (or designees) for review and acceptance as a BBB accredited business. BBB standards clearly speak to the character and competence of an organization. "We're proud to meet the high standards at BBB, and we’re excited to be part of an organization that exists for the purpose of providing consumers with reliable guidance on matters of trust," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "We value highly the trust of our customers." In contrast to a nutraceutical industry that is infamous for obscurity, Thrivous has pioneered a trustworthy approach to marketing its nootropic and geroprotector products: Selection and formulation of ingredients based on publicly-available peer-reviewed clinical studies on humans Open-source publication of all formulas, including dosage and any bioactive standardization for each ingredient Transparent publication of all quality control test results from suppliers, manufacturing, and third-party testing Pricing of all products to provide the highest levels of value available on the market anywhere in the world Lincoln Cannon continued, "Complementing our transparent product development and value-driven marketing, Thrivous' accreditation with the BBB gives our customers yet another reason for confidence in our commitment to ethical business practices." About Better Business Bureau For more than 100 years, the Better Business Bureau has been helping people find businesses, brands and charities they can trust. In 2016, people turned to BBB more than 167 million times for BBB Business Profiles on more than 5.2 million businesses and Charity Reports on 11,000 charities, all available for free at bbb.org. The Council of Better Business Bureaus is the umbrella organization for the local, independent BBBs in the United States, Canada and Mexico, as well as home to its national and international programs on dispute resolution, advertising review, and industry self-regulation. About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy aging, with open-source formulas and evidence-based dosages of natural ingredients. Its high-value products include Clarity, the daily nootropic to improve focus, memory, and mood, and to support healthy brain function. For more information, please contact support@thrivous.com.
Orem UT – Dr. David Dayton has joined the science advisor board at Thrivous, the human enhancement company. The board informs ongoing product and service development, reflecting Thrivous' commitment to guidance from consensus science in its mission to help customers access technology with the greatest potential to expand human abilities. Dr. Dayton is a psychologist with a doctoral degree from Brigham Young University. His research background is in feedback processes and treatment outcomes. Dr. Dayton currently provides individual, couples, and group psychotherapy in Washington, DC, integrating a biopsychosocial framework into his approach. "I've known and respected Dr. Dayton for many years," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "His expertise and experience in psychology complement the backgrounds of other Thrivous science advisors. He's a perfect addition this group that I feel honored to associate with." The science advisor board at Thrivous consists of five members. In addition to Dr. Dayton, they include two physicians, a bioscientist, and a neuroscientist. Below are summaries of their qualifications, areas of professional interest, and affiliations. Dr. Cory Funk is a bioscientist with a doctoral degree from the University of Illinois, where he studied the role of estrogens as a master regulator of gene expression in breast cancer. He currently works as a research scientist on brain tumors and Alzheimer’s disease at The Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle. Dr. James Zebrack is a physician with a medical degree from the University of Nevada. His professional interests include the study of heart failure, preventative and functional medicine, alternative and natural therapies, and dietary supplements. Dr. Zebrack currently works as a cardiologist at St. Mark’s Hospital in Salt Lake City. Dr. Jordan Roberts is a physician with a medical degree from the University of Arizona. He has done clinical research on Vitamin D, and his professional interests include preventive care, gerontology, homeless healthcare, and telemedicine. Dr. Roberts currently works in family medicine at St. Mark's Hospital in Salt Lake City. Dr. Michael Ferguson is a neuroscientist with a doctoral degree from the University of Utah. His research uses fMRI and psychometric data to predict cognitive ability, and he sees efforts to optimize intelligence as additive to a collective social good. Dr. Ferguson is currently a postdoctoral associate at Cornell University in New York. About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy aging, with open-source formulas and evidence-based dosages of natural ingredients. Its high-value products include Clarity, the daily nootropic to improve focus, memory, and mood, and to support healthy brain function. For more information, please contact support@thrivous.com.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has upgraded Clarity, the daily nootropic, to include bioavailable Vitamin B Complex. Clarity is a cognitive enhancement supplement that Thrivous developed to improve focus, memory, and mood. Thrivous designed formula 2 of Clarity to support brain function and complement other nootropics that Thrivous developed and brought to market since launching the previous formula. "I'm excited to announce Clarity formula 2," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "Thrivous has expanded its line of nootropics to offer superior supplementation strategies for some of the ingredients that were in Clarity formula 1. So now we can combine the nootropic benefits of Clarity's main ingredients, Bacopa and Rhodiola, with the brain function support benefits of Vitamin B Complex." Guided by science, Thrivous identifies nootropics with the greatest potential to promote mental performance beyond what can be achieved through traditional lifestyle choices alone. Clarity contains ingredients at concentrations and amounts based on high levels of evidence for notable effect from peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies on humans. Thrivous makes Clarity from substances in the human diet, including vitamins, minerals, and herbs. It does not contain substances derived from animals. All ingredients and capsules are vegan. Clarity now includes Vitamin B Complex to support brain function. Thrivous carefully selected bioavailable forms of the B Vitamins. For example, L-5-Methyltetrahydrofolate is a B9 vitamer that may be more effective than typical Folic Acid, particularly for persons with the MTHFR gene mutation. Adenosylcobalamin and Methylcobalamin are B12 vitamers that may be more effective than Cyanocobalamin. And Sulbutiamine is a disulfide form of B1 that may traverse the blood-brain barrier better than other forms of Thiamin. Clarity continues to include Bacopa, Rhodiola, and Zinc, with clinical doses of their primary bioactive constituents. The recommended serving of two capsules provides 150 mg bacoside (from 600 mg of Bacopa Monnieri), 6 mg salidroside (from 300 mg of Rhodiola Rosea), and 11 mg of Zinc (100% of the daily recommended value). At these dosages, Bacopa may increase memory, Rhodiola may improve focus and mood, and Zinc may support mood. Thrivous publishes the Clarity formula openly and completely, and strives to improve the formula continuously. This contrasts sharply with the practices of many vendors, who hide their product formulas behind proprietary blends. The open-source formula identifies all ingredients and their dosages, which is the only way for consumers to know what and how much they are using, so that they may make good decisions. Because science is never finished, Thrivous continuously monitors and reviews new studies, consults with its advisor board of physicians and scientists, and updates the Clarity formula accordingly. Thrivous publishes a certificate of analysis and quality for Clarity, sharing all test results from suppliers and manufacturers. This is exceptional among vendors, who often withhold test results or make them difficult to find. Suppliers subject each ingredient to stringent quality testing, including identity, potency, microbial, heavy metals, and other testing as appropriate prior to release for manufacturing. Manufacturers follow strict GMP regulation from the FDA in audited and certified facilities. They monitor production and test finished product to ensure quality prior to release for shipping. The original Clarity formula included Ginkgo, Ginseng, and L-Theanine. To facilitate superior supplementation strategies, Thrivous has moved Ginkgo into Alpha, Ginseng into Surge, and L-Theanine into both Surge and Serenity. Ginkgo Biloba is now available in Alpha, the extended daily nootropic. Alpha combines ingredients that lend themselves to long-term nootropic effect via single or multiple daily doses. Moving Ginkgo from Clarity to Alpha enables greater flexibility in Ginkgo supplementation strategy for Thrivous customers. Panax Ginseng is now available in Surge, which Thrivous designed to increase energy and focus. Surge combines ingredients that lend themselves to acute supplementation, occasional rather than daily use, to preserve a greater nootropic effect over time. Clinical studies also indicate that Ginseng may complement the nootropic effect of Caffeine, which is one of the other ingredients in Surge. Moving Ginseng from Clarity to Surge increases the overall value of Ginseng supplementation for Thrivous customers. L-Theanine is now available in both Surge and Serenity, the nightly nootropic. Clinical studies indicate that L-Theanine may mitigate the side effects that some people experience with Caffeine, thereby improving the effect of Surge. In addition, when supplemented without a stimulant, L-Theanine may promote relaxation, thereby facilitating the function of Serenity, which Thrivous designed to promote calm, sleep, and next-day focus. Moving L-Theanine from Clarity to both Surge and Serenity improves the targeting of L-Theanine supplementation for Thrivous customers. Statements in this press release have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Consult a physician before and during use. Product Resources Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy aging, with open-source formulas and evidence-based dosages of natural ingredients. Its high-value products include Clarity, the daily nootropic to improve focus, memory, and mood, and to support healthy brain function. For more information, please contact support@thrivous.com.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has developed and brought to market Alpha, the extended daily nootropic. Alpha is designed for daily use to support long-term brain function. It is also designed to complement Clarity, Serenity, and Surge, nootropics previously developed and brought to market by Thrivous. "Alpha is an investment in healthy cognitive aging," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "Experience and science have helped us understand that there are several things we can do to 'extend the warranty' on our brains. Regular exercise, sufficient sleep, and stress management can all help. And of course a healthy diet with the right nutrients can help. That's where Alpha comes in. We've done our homework. Alpha combines what we believe, based on a broad review of clinical studies, to be the most well-researched and complementary nutrients for long-term brain function." Guided by science, Thrivous identifies nootropics and geroprotectors with the greatest potential to support healthy cognitive aging beyond what can be achieved through traditional lifestyle choices alone. Alpha contains ingredients at concentrations and amounts based on high levels of evidence for notable effect from peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies on humans. Thrivous makes Alpha from substances in the human diet, including amino acid derivatives, fatty acids, and herbs. It does not contain substances derived from animals. All ingredients and capsules are vegan. Ingredients include Acetyl-L-Carnitine, Alpha-GPC, Alpha-Lipoic Acid, and Ginkgo Biloba. Acetyl-L-Carnitine is an amino acid derivative. Supplementation may decrease ammonia to detoxify the brain. Alpha-GPC is a fatty acid produced naturally in the brain. Supplementation may support long-term brain function. Alpha-Lipoic Acid is a fatty acid. Supplementation may improve the effect of Acetyl-L-Carnitine. And Ginkgo Biloba is an ancient tree with fossils dating back 270 million years. Supplementation may support long-term brain function. Thrivous publishes the Alpha formula openly and completely, and strives to improve the formula continuously. This contrasts sharply with the practices of many vendors, who hide their product formulas behind proprietary blends. The open-source formula identifies all ingredients and their dosages, which is the only way for consumers to know what and how much they are using, so that they may make good decisions. Because science is never finished, Thrivous continuously monitors and reviews new studies, consults with its advisor board of physicians and scientists, and updates the Alpha formula accordingly. Thrivous publishes a certificate of analysis and quality for Alpha, sharing all test results from suppliers and manufacturers. This is exceptional among vendors, who often withhold test results or make them difficult to find. Suppliers subject each ingredient to stringent quality testing, including identity, potency, microbial, heavy metals, and other testing as appropriate prior to release for manufacturing. Manufacturers follow strict GMP regulation from the FDA in audited and certified facilities. They monitor production and test finished product to ensure quality prior to release for shipping. Statements in this press release have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Consult a physician before and during use. Product Resources Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy aging, with open-source formulas and evidence-based dosages of natural ingredients. Its high-value products include Clarity, the daily nootropic to improve focus, memory, and mood, and to support healthy brain function. For more information, please contact support@thrivous.com.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has developed and brought to market Surge, the acute nootropic. Surge is designed for occasional use to increase energy and focus, and to reduce side effects from caffeine. It is also designed to complement Clarity and Serenity, nootropics previously developed and brought to market by Thrivous. "Surge is a powerful combination of nootropic ingredients," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "It's more than the sum of its parts. Although each ingredient is an effective nootropic on its own, clinical research has shown that supplementing them together can result in even greater cognitive benefits, in part by mitigating side effects that some people experience when consuming stimulants like caffeine." Guided by science, Thrivous identifies nootropic ingredients with the greatest potential to promote mental performance beyond what can be achieved through traditional lifestyle choices alone. Surge contains ingredients at concentrations and amounts based on high levels of evidence for notable effect from peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies on humans. Thrivous makes Surge from substances in the human diet, including herbs, alkaloids, and amino acids. It does not contain substances derived from animals. All ingredients and capsules are vegan. Ingredients include Caffeine, L-Theanine, and Panax Ginseng. Caffeine is an alkaloid extracted from plants. Supplementation may increase energy. L-Theanine is an amino acid found in plant and fungal species. Supplementation may reduce side effects from Caffeine. Panax Ginseng is a slow-growing perennial plant native to North America and eastern Asia. Supplementation may improve focus. Although many vendors hide their product formulas and ingredient test results, Thrivous does not. Surge has an open formula with ingredient dosages clearly indicated on its label. Thrivous also publishes a certificate of analysis and quality for Surge, sharing all test results from suppliers and manufacturers. Suppliers subject each ingredient to stringent quality testing, including identity, potency, microbial, heavy metals, and other testing as appropriate prior to release for manufacturing. Manufacturers follow strict GMP regulation from the FDA in audited and certified facilities. They monitor production and test finished product to ensure quality prior to release for shipping. Statements in this press release have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Consult a physician before and during use. Product Resources Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy aging, with open-source formulas and evidence-based dosages of natural ingredients. Its high-value products include Clarity, the daily nootropic to improve focus, memory, and mood, and to support healthy brain function. For more information, please contact support@thrivous.com.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has joined the Tech Inclusion Pledge as announced today by President Obama. At the Global Entrepreneurship Summit this past summer, President Obama announced a commitment by senior leadership from 33 companies of all sizes to fuel American innovation and economic growth by increasing the diversity of their technology workforce. Today, 46 additional companies are joining this pledge, committing to take concrete action to make the technology workforce at each of their companies representative of the American people as soon as possible. Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous, said, "I believe diversity contributes to strength, both for communities and businesses. Participation in the Tech Inclusion Pledge is an expression of Thrivous' commitment to build an enduring business in a socially responsible way." During National Entrepreneurship Month, 79 companies, including Thrivous, are making a bold commitment to fuel American innovation and economic growth by increasing the diversity of our technology workforce. We resolve to take action to make the technology workforce at each of our companies fully representative of the American people, as soon as possible. We will treat this goal as a top management priority and business imperative, because tapping the full measure of talent from across the country is critical for the long-term success of both our individual companies and the nation as a whole. Participating companies are committed to taking each of these three essential actions: implement and publish company-specific goals to recruit, retain, and advance diverse technology talent, and operationalize concrete measures to create and sustain an inclusive culture; annually publish data and progress metrics on the diversity of our technology workforce across functional areas and seniority levels; invest in partnerships to build a diverse pipeline of technology talent to increase our ability to recognize, develop and support talent from all backgrounds. We encourage more companies to sign this Tech Inclusion Pledge at tech-inclusion.org. About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy aging, with open-source formulas and evidence-based dosages of natural ingredients. Its high-value products include Clarity, the daily nootropic to improve focus, memory, and mood, and to support healthy brain function. For more information, please contact support@thrivous.com.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, has developed and brought to market Serenity, the nightly nootropic. Serenity is designed for nightly use to promote calm and sleep, and to improve next-day focus. It is also designed to complement Clarity, the first nootropic brought to market by Thrivous. "Use Serenity in the evening and Clarity in the morning to set yourself up for a more productive day," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "I've been using the combination of ingredients in these nootropics for a long time, and I love it." Guided by science, Thrivous identifies nootropic ingredients with the greatest potential to promote mental performance beyond what can be achieved through traditional lifestyle choices alone. Serenity contains ingredients at concentrations and amounts based on high levels of evidence for notable effect from peer-reviewed, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies on humans. Thrivous makes Serenity from minerals and amino acids in the human diet, and from bioidentical hormones. Thrivous does not use substances derived from animals. All ingredients and capsules are vegan. Ingredients include L-Theanine, Magnesium Glycinate, and Melatonin. L-Theanine is an amino acid found in plant and fungal species. Supplementation may improve relaxation. Magnesium Glycinate is an essential dietary mineral reacted with an amino acid. Supplementation may promote calm and improve sleep quality. Melatonin is a bioidentical hormone, also naturally produced in most forms of life. Supplementation may promote sleep. Although many vendors hide their product formulas and ingredient test results, Thrivous does not. Serenity has an open formula with ingredient dosages clearly indicated on its label. Thrivous also publishes a certificate of analysis and quality for Serenity, sharing all test results from suppliers and manufacturers. Suppliers subject each ingredient to stringent quality testing, including identity, potency, microbial, heavy metals, and other testing as appropriate prior to release for manufacturing. Manufacturers follow strict GMP regulation from the FDA in audited and certified facilities. They monitor production and test finished product to ensure quality prior to release for shipping. Statements in this press release have not been evaluated by the FDA. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. Consult a physician before and during use. Product Resources Webpage Summary of Clinical Studies Certificate of Analysis and Quality About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy aging, with open-source formulas and evidence-based dosages of natural ingredients. Its high-value products include Clarity, the daily nootropic to improve focus, memory, and mood, and to support healthy brain function. For more information, please contact support@thrivous.com.
Orem UT – Thrivous, the human enhancement company, announces the formation of its science advisor board. The board will inform ongoing product and service development. Formation of the board reflects Thrivous' commitment to guidance from consensus science in its mission to help customers access technology with the greatest potential to expand human abilities. "We're excited to establish this relationship with medical and biotech experts," said Lincoln Cannon, CEO at Thrivous. "Their knowledge and experience will complement our work. And that will create more value for our customers. I feel honored to associate with this group." The science advisor board consists of four members. They include two physicians, a bioscientist, and a neuroscientist. Below are summaries of their qualifications, areas of professional interest, and affiliations. Cory Funk, PhD Dr. Cory Funk is a bioscientist with a doctoral degree from the University of Illinois, where he studied the role of estrogens as a master regulator of gene expression in breast cancer. He currently works as a research scientist on brain tumors and Alzheimer’s disease at The Institute for Systems Biology in Seattle. James Zebrack, MD Dr. James Zebrack is a physician with a medical degree from the University of Nevada. His professional interests include the study of heart failure, preventative and functional medicine, alternative and natural therapies, and dietary supplements. Dr. Zebrack currently works as a cardiologist at St. Mark’s Hospital in Salt Lake City. Jordan Roberts, MD Dr. Jordan Roberts is a physician with a medical degree from the University of Arizona. He has done clinical research on Vitamin D, and his professional interests include preventive care, gerontology, homeless healthcare, and telemedicine. Dr. Roberts currently works in family medicine at St. Mark's Hospital in Salt Lake City. Michael Ferguson, PhD Dr. Michael Ferguson is a neuroscientist with a doctoral degree from the University of Utah. His research uses fMRI and psychometric data to predict cognitive ability, and he sees efforts to optimize intelligence as additive to a collective social good. Dr. Ferguson is currently a postdoctoral associate at Cornell University in New York. About Thrivous Thrivous is the human enhancement company. Its mission is to help people access technology with the greatest potential to improve their brains and bodies. In pursuit of that mission, it develops and distributes nootropics to enhance cognition and geroprotectors to support healthy aging, with open-source formulas and evidence-based dosages of natural ingredients. Its high-value products include Clarity, the daily nootropic to improve focus, memory, and mood, and to support healthy brain function. For more information, please contact support@thrivous.com.