Italian Grammar: Recent Episodes
Italian Beginners
Ciao!
When using the simple prepositions "di, a, da, in, su" with a definite article afterwards - we make a "Combined Preposition". For a helpful table we have an overview of all the combinations here!
https://payhip.com/b/tpNsi
:)
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Examples of combinations with di:
La bicicletta del ragazzo.
La bicicletta della ragazza.
I libri degli studenti.
With in:
Parlo nel negozio.
Compra il caffè nella caffetteria.
Legge nello studio.
Try:
there is a cat in the house.
there's a cup on the table.
he writes to the friend.
he buys coffee to the friends.
Excellent!
😊
For inquries about private tutoring, contact us at: italianlessons (at) gmx.com!
And support us to make it possible to continue this series - on: https://patreon.com/ItalianGrammar!
Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at the simple prepositions, and the different ways of using "di" = usually "of"!
:)
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The Prepositions:
di = of
a = to, at, in
da = from, by
in = in
con = with
su = on, over, above
per = in order to, for
tra/fra = among, between
Ex:
Uno studente di italiano.
Un treno da Roma a Firenze.
Studia in biblioteca.
"di" can describe possession, origin, material, time and subject/topic:
La bicicletta è di Mario.
Sono di Firenze.
Un tavolo di legno.
Di mattina bevo caffè.
Un libro di letteratura.
Perfetto!
😊
For inquries about private tutoring, contact us at: italianlessons (at) gmx.com!
And support us to make it possible to continue this series - on: https://patreon.com/ItalianGrammar!
Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at some exceptions to the spelling, and how some of the "-are" verbs use prepositions!
:)
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Verbs on -care and -gare keep the "hard sound":
cerco
cerchi
cerca
cerchiamo
cercate
cercano
Verbs on -iare usually have just one "i" in "you" singular, and "we" plural:
mangio (I eat)
mangi
mangia
mangiamo
mangiate
mangiano
"Ascoltare, aspettare, guardare" have no preposition after them.
Aspetto l'autobus.
Ascoltano un bel podcast!
"Insegnare, cominciare, imparare" have an "a" afterwards when used before another verb.
Imparo a scrivere.
Cominciamo a viaggare il prossimo mese.
For "pensare" we use:
"pensare a" for thinking about something/someone
"pensare di" for thinking about doing something.
In Italian, when meaning "in order to" or "with the purpose of" something, use "per":
Viaggiano per imparare.
Studia per avere un grande futuro.
Bravissimi!!
😊
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Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at the first group of verbs and the present tense, with the "-ARE" verbs!
:)
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Standard endings with PARLARE:
parlo
parli
parla
parliamo
parlate
parlano
Ex:
Abito a Boston
Dove abiti?
Abitiamo a Dallas, in Texas.
Present is also used for near future or largely certain future:
Lavoro tra dieci minuti.
Domani sera impariamo il greco.
L'estate prossima compro una chitarra.
Perfetto!
Great work 😊
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For more Italian Grammar episodes: https://patreon.com/ItalianGrammar
Ciao!
Here's a first Grammar Review covering the key elements to remember from episode 1-15!
:)
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nouns
uno = before z, s+const, pn, gs
lo, gli = before z, s+const, pn, gs + vowels
ending on consonant or accented vowel - no plural ending on nouns
to be/to have
io sono - tu sei - lui/lei è --- noi siamo - voi siete - loro sono
io ho - tu hai - lui/lei ha --- noi abbiamo - voi avete - loro hanno
adj
usually after noun but, if on "the list", before.
But with modifier (molto, poco etc), put both after.
3 colors that don't change in plurals: blu, rosa, viola.
Great work!
😊
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For more Italian Grammar episodes: https://patreon.com/ItalianGrammar!
Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at the colors in Italian, and how to say light and dark for a color!
:)
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I colori:
blu
viola
azzurro
verde
giallo
arancione
rosa
rosso
marrone
bianco
grigio
nero
Three of the colors are always the same: "blu","rosa", "viola".
Modify with chiaro (light) and scuro (dark).
Ex:
Blue skies - Cieli blu
Light blue skies - Cieli azzurri
Translate:
The tree is dark green now.
She has violet flowers
They have a red table and brown chairs.
He sees a blue river, and a yellow sun.
Perfetto!
😊
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For more Italian Grammar episodes: https://patreon.com/ItalianGrammar
Ciao!
In the episode we'll look at some important expressions where you'd say "I have" instead of "I am" in Italian!
:)
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Expressions:
avere caldo
avere fame
avere freddo
avere paura
avere ragione
avere sete
avere sonno
avere torto
avere fretta
Ex:
Ho fame - I'm hungry.
Hai sete? - Are you thirsty?
Translate:
After the long trip, Lucia is very sleepy.
Yes, you're right!
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You'd also say "have" for age:
"I have 25 years" - Ho 25 anni.
How old are you - ........
Lucia is 23 years? - ...........
Excellent work!
😊
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For more Italian Grammar episodes: https://patreon.com/ItalianGrammar
Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at the adjective "bello", "beautiful", and how the endings follow the pattern of the specific article!
:)
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"bello" comes before the noun (it's "on the list"), and follows the pattern of the specific article. (il,lo,la,l' - i,gli,le).
Ex:
il giorno - il bel giorno
lo zio - il bello zio
l'amico - il bell'amico
la donna - la bella donna
l'anima - la bell'anima
i libri - i bei libri
gli alberi - i begli alberi
le cattedrali - le belle cattedrali
Try:
the beautiful book
the beautiful sister
the beautiful studio
the beautiful tree
the beautiful appartments
the beautiful boys/guys
the beautiful girls
the beautiful sports
Sentences:
We have beautiful weather
We have beautiful days
They have a beautiful studio
You (plural) have beautiful apartments
Note!
If "bello" is after the noun, f.ex. with a modifier - it follows the standard ending: "bello", "bella", "belli", "belle".
Try:
the very beautiful book
the very beautiful studio
the very beautiful appartments
the very beautiful houses
Sum up:
"bello" - when in front, endings follow pattern of specific articles, both sing./plural.
When after; standard endings.
Excellent work!
😊
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Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at the different forms of "buono", and why we say "buon giorno" and "buon viaggio", and not "buono"!
:)
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"buono" is "on the list" - and comes before the noun.
The endings in singular follow the pattern of the unspecific article:
buono, buon, buona, boun'
Ex:
un libro - un buon libro
un giorno - un buon giorno
uno sport - un buono sport
same in specific, single.
il caffè - il buon caffè
il bar - il buon bar
lo sport - il buono sport
Try:
the good travel
the good book
the good student
the good pizzas
the good beginnings
Sentences:
Today I would like a good pizza.
They have a good studio.
We have the good tickets.
Sum up;
Ending of "buono" follows the unspecific/undetermined article, in the singular form.
Great work! 😊
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The phrases:
another day
a beautiful house
the same book
a long river
the first day
a small coffee
a new friend
a young uncle
a big square
the last evening
a good holiday
The sentences:
I'm an Italian student. Today is a long Thursday. I'm in a big piazza. The friends have special ice creams. We have a nice day!
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Solutions:
un altro giorno
una bella casa
lo stesso libro
un lungo fiume
il primo giorno
un piccolo caffè
un nuovo amico
un giovane zio
una grande piazza
l'ultima sera
una buona vacanza
gli altri giorni
le belle case
gli stessi libri
i lunghi fiumi
i primi giorni
piccoli caffè
nuovi amici
giovani zii
grandi piazze
le ultime sere
buone vacanze
Solutions sentences:
Sono uno studente italiano. Oggi è un lungo giovedì. Sono in una grande piazza. Gli amici hanno gelati speciali. Abbiamo una bella giornata!
Great work!
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Here we'll have a mixed list, and then some phrases to put in both singular and plural.
Part I
general questions
closed doors
a perfect house
a traditional outfit
the traditional outfits
a dramatic vacation
dramatic days
an incredible book
original bikes
the open bookshop
open bookshops
a special pen
special pens
a normal Monday
normal days
an Italian piazza
Italian piazza
Part II:
an american student
an open book
a special ticket
a closed park
light blue sea
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Solutions Part I
domande generali
porte chiuse
una casa perfetta
un vestito tradizionale
vestiti tradizionali
una vacanza drammatica
giorni drammatici
un libro incredibile
biciclette originali
la libreria aperta
librerie aperte
una penna speciale
penne speciali
un lunedì normale
giorni normali
una piazza italiana
piazze italiane
Solutions Part II
uno studente americano
un libro aperto
un biglietto speciale
un parco chiuso
mare azzurro
gli studenti americani
i libri aperti
i biglietti speciali
i parchi chiusi
mari azzurri
Excellent work!
😊
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Here's a list of drills - with solutions!
Part I:
an american student
a female american student
a famous/known church
a public square
a public park
a hard exercise
the closed door
closed houses
a living story
the attentive boy
the attentive girl
a complete book
content students
a splendid day
a splendid holiday
the light blue ocean
a mysteriuos question
Part II:
the happy girl
an important book
a fast car
the fast cars
an interesting holiday
a sad movie
an intelligent question
easy exercises
strong emotions
a green park
an available flat
elegant outfits
a strong coffe
the special days
the possible travels
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And Solutions!
Uno studente americano
Una studentessa americana
una chiesa nota
una piazza pubblica
un parco pubblico
un esercizio duro
la porta chiusa
case chiuse
una storia viva
il ragazzo attento
la ragazza attenta
un libro completo
studenti contenti
un giorno splendido
una vacanza splendida
il mare azzurro
una domanda misteriosa
la ragazza felice
un libro importante
una macchina veloce
le macchine veloci
una vacanza interessante
un film triste
una domanda intelligente
esercizi facili
emozioni forti
un parco verde
un appartamento disponibile
vestiti eleganti
un caffè forte
i giorni speciali
i viaggi possibili
Great work!
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Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at where to put the adjective, and how that influences the article. For more episodes and extra exercises on this topic, subscribe to the extended podcast on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ItalianGrammar or Redcircle: https://redcircle.com/shows/italian-grammar!
Welcome!
:)
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In general: always after the noun.
But if on this list, put the adjective first:
altro
bello
bravo
brutto
buono
caro
cattivo
giovane
grande
lungo
nuovo
piccolo
primo
stesso
vecchio
vero
ultimo
Ex:
un altro giorno
un lungo fiume
Try:
a small house
the first day
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If adjective BEFORE the noun - it determines the article:
uno studente
un bravo studente
gli amici
i nuovi amici
With modifier (molto, poco, abbastanza, un po'); both are placed AFTER the noun.
a very new book - un libro molto nuovo.
a very smalll cup - una tazza molto piccola
In short:
The general rule: after.
Sometimes, first. (Which determines the article)
With modifier, always after.
Great work!
😊
...
For extra episodes and more exercises, subscribe to this podcast on Pateron: https://www.patreon.com/ItalianGrammar
or Redcircle: https://redcircle.com/shows/italian-grammar
Welcome!
..
Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands
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Ciao!
In the episode we'll look at the two types of adjectives, those ending on "-o" or "-e" as their "base", and how they change. For more episodes and extra exercises on this topic, subscribe to the extended podcast on Patreon: https://www.patreon.com/ItalianGrammar or Redcircle: https://redcircle.com/shows/italian-grammar!
:)
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adjectives on -o
italiano
italiana
italiani
italiane
Ex:
un ragazzo italiano
una ragazza italiana
libri italiani
chiese italiane
adjectives on -e
"-e" in singulars, "-i" in plurals.
Ex:
un giorno importante
una storia importante
libri importanti
città importanti
Try:
a new river
a new light
new doctors
new keys
In short:
"o" changes to: o,a,i,e
"e" has "-e" in singulars, "-i" in plurals.
Excellent work!
😊
...
For extra episodes and more exercises, subscribe to this podcast on Pateron: https://www.patreon.com/ItalianGrammar
or Redcircle: https://redcircle.com/shows/italian-grammar
Welcome!
..
Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands
Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy
Ciao!
In the episode we'll look at both nouns, "essere" and "avere", and also days and numbers!
:)
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Ciao, Lucia. Come stai?
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Bene, e tu?
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Bene, grazie. Quando è la lezione di letteratura?
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È lunedì. Tutti i lunedì.
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Bene. Avete dieci lezioni?
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No, abbiamo dodici lezioni. E voi?
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Abbiamo dieci lezioni. Le lezioni d'arte sono tutte le domeniche.
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Benissimo. Oggi è giovedì. Dove sono gli amici?
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Gli amici sono in biblioteca. Dov'è Dante?
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Dante è a casa. Cosa leggi?
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È un libro di Virgilio, l'Eneide. È molto buono.
-
Perfetto. Ci vediamo domenica, ciao!
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Ciao!
Well done!
..
Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at the "c'è", "ecco", and how to say "don't have". And talk about ice cream!
:)
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Ciao, Dante!
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Ciao, Beatrice. Hai un caffè?
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Sì, ho un caffè. E tu?
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No, non ho un caffè. Ho un gelato!
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Bene! C'è una gelateria qui?
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Sì, c'è una gelateria in piazza.
-
Perfetto. Vorrei un gelato!
-
Ecco, ho un gelato per te!
-
Grazie!
-
Prego! Ciao!
-
Ciao!!
Splendido! 😊🍨
..
Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Ciao!
In this episode we'll use the grammar so far with nouns, and the verbs "to have" and "to be" - avere and essere!
:)
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Ciao, Marco!
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Ciao, Lucia! Come stai?
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Bene, grazie. E tu?
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Grazie, molto bene. Oggi ho una lezione di arte italiana!
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Che gioia! Hai anche un libro?
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Sì, ho un libro di storia dell'arte!
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Benissimo. Dov'è la lezione?
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È all'università. Sono studente. E tu?
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Anch'io sono all'università. Sono una studentessa di letteratura.
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Stupendo! Come sono gli studenti?
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Molto simpatici.
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Bene. Ci vediamo, ciao!
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Ciao!!
Great!
😊
..
Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at the weekdays and their meaning, and the numbers 1-100.
:)
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I giorni della settimana:
lunedì
martedì
mercoledì
giovedì
venerdì
sabato
domenica
Numbers 1-20:
zero
uno
due
tre
quattro
cinque
sei
sette
otto
nove
dieci
undici
dodici
tredici
quattordici
quindici
sedici
diciasette
diciotto
diciannove
venti
And from 30-100:
trenta
quaranta
cinquanta
sessanta
settanta
ottanta
novanta
cento
Ex.
I have three Fridays available/free
She has five Saturdays free
I have a course ten Mondays
I'm in Venice three Sundays
Great! 😊
...
Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
La Pronuncia!
In this first pronunciation episode we'll go through how we can see if there's a hard or a soft "g" and "c", we'll look at the sounds "gl" and "gn" - and on which syllable to stress in Italian words!
:)
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c and g:
with ci, ce, gi, ge - a soft sound.
Other cases: hard sound.
gl and gn:
"gl" has the sound like in "million" in English.
Ex: famiglia
"gn" has the sound like "onion"
Ex: signora
Stress in a word:
In general - next to last syllable.
If there's an accented vowel as the last letter: stress on the last syllable
A handful of exceptions stress the third to last.
Ex: sabato, facile, tavola.
Well done!
..
Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at five question words for what, who, where, when and how - with examples and some exercises!
:)
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Question Words:
Cosa?, Che cosa?, Che? = what
Chi? = who
Dove? = where
Quando? = when
Come? = how
Ex:
Cosa leggi?
Cos'è un'arancia?
Chi è?
Chi ha una pizza?
Dove sei?
Dov'è la piazza?
Quando hai tempo?
Quando sei alla stazione?
Come stai?
Com'è il tempo?
Note that "cosa è", "dove è" and "come è" are all shortened to "cos'è", "dov'è" and "com'è"!
To translate:
What is Santa Maria del Fiore?
Who is Brunelleschi?
When are you in the piazza?
Where are you today?
Perfetto! 😊
..
Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at the different versions of the verb "to have", and how to use it in sentences, and how to make questions.
:)
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AVERE - "to have"
io ho (pronounce with a silent h)
tu hai
lui, lei ha
noi abbiamo
voi avete
loro hanno
Examples:
Ho un libro.
Abbiamo una casa.
Ha una torta?
For negative statments:
Non ho un libro.
Non abbiamo una pizza.
And for questions:
Ha un libro Marco?
Marco ha un libro?
Marco ha un libro, vero?
Marco ha un libro, non è vero?
Final ex:
Do you have a coffee?
Yes, I have a coffee.
No, I don't have a coffee.
Perfetto!
😊
...
Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at the specific/definite forms of the articles in Italian - in both the singular and plural forms.
:)
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For the singular:
"il" - standard masculine
"lo" - masculine, same as with "uno" (four cases: before z, s+consonant, ps, gn), plus before vowels.
Ex:
il giorno
lo sport
lo studente
"la" - standard feminine:
la casa
la sera
If "lo" and "la" come before a vowel - we shortened both to " l' ":
l'apartemento
l'amico
l'amica
..
For the plurals:
"i" - standard masculine
"gli" -same as with "lo": 4 main cases + vowels
"le" - feminine
Ex:
i giorni
i fiori
gli amici
le case
Self-testing - find article in singular, and article + noun ending in plural:
cattedrale
notte
sera
psicologo
Well done!
...
Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Advertising Inquiries: https://redcircle.com/brands
Privacy & Opt-Out: https://redcircle.com/privacy
Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at when to use "un", "uno" and "una" as the unspecific article for nouns.
:)
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un - standard masculine:
un libro
un treno
un giorno
uno: 4 main cases: before z, s+consonant, ps, gn.
z: uno zio, uno zucchero
s + consonant: uno sport, uno spaghetto, uno spettacolo
gn: uno gnomo
ps: uno psicologo
una - feminine:
una casa
una sera
.... mela
.... ragazza
.. and "una" before a vowel is shortened to "un' " - f.ex "un'amica" - a female friend.
Ex:
sorella
amico
studente
arancia
Excellent! 😊
..
Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Ciao!
Some extra practice on how to find the gender of a noun, and how to change a singular to a plural (building on Grammar Episode #4 and #5!)
stanza
acqua
camicia
ragazzo
uovo
strada
sole
caffè
fiume
zio
energia
cliente
banca
olandese
mare
chiave
Well done! 😊
..
Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at how to change the endings of the nouns, when going from singular to plurals.
:)
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For the three different main endings:
"o" singular, becomes "i"
bigletto - bigletti
treno - treni
"a" goes to "e"
sera - sere
casa - case
"e" goes to "i"
fiume - fiumi
notte - notti
..
And some nouns do not change in the plurals, f.ex imported words ending on a consontant (bar, sport, film), and nouns ending on an accented vowel (città, virtù, caffè).
Great work!
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Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at the two genders for Italian nouns, and the three different endings "o", "a" and "e".
:)
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In general, "o" is for masculine and "-a" is for feminine:
il libro
il ragazzo
la casa
la chitarra
If a noun ends on "-e", it could be either feminine or masculine:
il fiume
il nome
la notte
la luce
And some nouns on "-e" depends on the gender of the person it describes, for example:
il cliente or la cliente = the customer/client
il parente or la parente = the relative
and you can guess for "cantante" - meaning singer!
So now you know how to find the gender of a noun, and when to look it up (most of the "-e" nouns).
Excellent work!
😊
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Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Ciao!
In this episode we'll look at how to use "ci è", "ci sono", and "ecco".
:)
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In the context of this episode "ci" translates to "there".
"Ci è" means "there is", and is usually shortened to "c'è"
"Ci sono" means "there are".
Ex:
C'è un treno oggi?
Ci sono posti liberi?
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"Ecco" means "here!", "here it is!", "look!", "there it is!", and is a way of drawing attention to something.
Ecco il caffé!
Ecco il treno!
Well done! 😊
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Intro-music is "Night in Venice" by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/5763-night-in-venice/
License: https://filmmusic.io/standard-license
Ciao!
In the episode we'll look at when to use the formal and causal forms, and when to use the subject pronoun.
:)
Part 1:
In general with the casual and formal forms:
"tu/voi" is used between young people, adults talking to young people, and when talking to relatives or friends.
"Lei/Loro" is used when talking to adults, or between adults who don't know each other well (more formal, more distance).
When using the formal form:
"tu" changes to "Lei" (for you)
"voi" changes to "Loro" (for you in plural, or "you all").
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Examples:
casual: Io sono di Firenze, e tu?
formal: Io sono di Firenze, e Lei?
casual: Noi siamo studenti, e voi?
formal: Noi siamo studenti, e Loro?
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Part 2:
You would normally use subject pronoun only for emphasis or clarification in Italian. Normally you would say:
Sono Marco.
instead of "Io sono Marco."
Great work!
..
For more Italian Grammar episodes, and to listen ad-free: https://patreon.com/ItalianGrammar
Ciao!
Here are the forms of "essere":
io sono
tu sei
lui,lei è
noi siamo
voi siete
loro sono
...
Examples:
Io sono americano.
Tommaso è italiano.
Marco e io siamo in un caffè.
Tommaso e Marco sono amici.
I am a student (uno studente / una studentessa).
You are american.
We are from Dallas (di Dallas).
They are students (studenti).
Marco non è americano.
Tommaso is not English (inglese).
...
For more Italian Grammar episodes, and to listen ad-free: https://patreon.com/ItalianGrammar
Welcome back!
In the episode we're expanding the dialogue with the phrases for "What's your name?" and "My name is ...", and also the word for "Pleasure!"
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Episode transcript:
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Ciao, come stai?
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Bene grazie, e tu?
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Bene, grazie!
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Come ti chiami?
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Mi chiamo Dante. E tu?
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Mi chiamo Beatrice.
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Piacere!
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Molto piacere.
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Ciao!
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Arrivederci, ciao!!
:D
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For more Italian Grammar episodes, and to listen ad-free: https://patreon.com/ItalianGrammar
Welcome!
In this episode we have the basic greetings, and the words for "hello" and "how are you" in Italian!
Dialogue:
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Ciao! Come stai?
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Bene, Grazie! E tu?
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Molto Bene, Grazie!
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Ciao!!
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Arrivederci, ciao!
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For more Italian Grammar episodes, and to listen ad-free: https://patreon.com/ItalianGrammar