Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME: Recent Episodes

Mayo Clinic

The Cardiovascular CME podcast is a new educational offering from Mayo Clinic, featuring content geared towards physicians, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners who are interested in exploring a multitude of cardiology-related topics.

Tune in and subscribe to explore today’s most pressing cardiology topics with your colleagues at Mayo Clinic and gain valuable insights that can be directly applied to your practice.

No CME credit offered for podcast episodes at this time.

Aortic Stenosis in the Younger Patient in 2026

Guest: Mackram Eleid, M.D.

Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

Dr. Malcolm Bell interviews Dr. Malcolm Eleid on the diagnosis and management of aortic stenosis in younger patients, as well as discussing patient-centered decision-making considerations for lifetime management of aortic stenosis. After review, listeners will understand current indications as well as advantages and disadvantages of transcatheter versus aortic valve replacement for younger patients with aortic stenosis.

Topics Discussed:

What factors are taken into account when considering lifetime management of aortic stenosis?
Can valve in valve be performed inside of a transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) prosthesis?
Who are the patients that are better served with surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR)?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 28-January-2026

What Cardiologists Should Know About Aortic Pathology

Guest: Melanie Bois, M.D.

Host: Malcom Bell, M.D.

Is all aortic disease the same? In this episode, Dr. Melanie Bois reviews the major diagnostic categories of aortic disease and how they influence patient management, including surgical decision-making, surveillance, and genetic evaluation. The discussion involves the causes of heritable thoracic aortic aneurysms and highlights how pathology findings can provide important clues to underlying genetic syndromes. Finally, Dr. Bois outlines the spectrum of inflammatory aortic diseases and explore key differential diagnoses that help distinguish immune-mediated, infectious, and degenerative processes.

Topics Discussed:

Are there special diagnostic considerations for the ascending versus descending aorta? What causes aneurysmal dilatation in the ascending aorta?
How does the underlying cause impact management?
What should I be looking for in the pathology report?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 28-January-2026

Comparing Marfan Syndrome, Loeys-Dietz Syndrome, and Vascular EDS

Guest: Juan Bowen, M.D.

Host: Paul Friedman, M.D.

Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, and vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome are clinical problems seen in an aortic clinic. Thoracic aortic aneurysm is a common feature, but the three conditions differ in the severity of aortic and arterial disease and in the types of extracardiac problems that require management. Making an accurate diagnosis is an essential first step in their successful management.

Topics Discussed:

What mutations cause Marfan syndrome, Loeys-Dietz syndrome, and the vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome?
What is the natural history of these three conditions?
How is aortic and vascular disease managed in these three conditions?
What are the non-cardiac problems most often encountered in these three conditions?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 17-February-2026

Inflammatory Aortic Aneurysms

Guest: Kenneth Warrington, M.D.

Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

In this episode of “Interviews With the Experts,” the listener will learn how to identify the common signs and symptoms associated with inflammatory aortic disease, as well as understand the conditions associated with inflammatory aortic aneurysms. Dr. Kenneth Warrington, John F. Finn Minnesota Arthritis Foundation Professor and consultant in rheumatology at Mayo Clinic, reviews the latest imaging techniques and treatments for inflammatory aortic disease.

Topics Discussed:

How do patients with inflammatory aortic disease present in clinical practice?
Which specific conditions are associated with inflammatory aortic aneurysms?
How are inflammatory aortic aneurysms diagnosed?
How are patients with inflammatory aortic aneurysms managed?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 15-January-2026

Pulsed Field Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation with Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion

Guest: Ammar Killu, M.B.B.S.

Host: Anthony Kashou, M.D.

In this episode of Interviews with the Expert: ECG Making Waves, host Dr. Anthony Kashou is joined by Dr. Ammar Killu to discuss the evolving role of combining pulsed field ablation (PFA) with left atrial appendage occlusion (LAAO) for patients with atrial fibrillation. Together, they explore the rationale for a combined approach, the potential advantages of PFA over conventional thermal ablation, and key procedural considerations for performing both interventions safely and effectively in a single session.

Topics Discussed:

Why consider combining pulsed field ablation and left atrial appendage occlusion in the same AF patient?
What does PFA add compared with conventional thermal ablation when planning a combined ablation–LAAO strategy?
What are the procedural caveats when PFA and LAAO are done concomitantly?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 26-June-2026

What the Cardiologist Needs to Know About Marfan Syndrome

Guest: Juan Bowen, M.D.

Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

The prevalence of Marfan syndrome is estimated to be 1 in 5,000 people. Approximately 75% of cases are inherited and 25% are de novo mutations. Marfan syndrome is caused by mutations in the gene encoding for fibrillin 1. Management includes protection of the aorta with medication, surveillance imaging, and timely preventive aortic repair. Extracardiac problems are less lethal but affect quality of life.

Topics Discussed:

What are the physical findings in Marfan syndrome?
What is the relationship of fibrillin 1 to the TGF beta pathway?
Which medications have been shown to have aortic protective effects?
When should patients have aortic repair?
How is pregnancy managed in Marfan syndrome?
How should non cardiac problems be managed?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 14-January-2026

Contraception Decision-making for Pre-menopausal Women with Cardiovascular Disease

Guest: Margaret Long, M.D.

Host: Marysia Tweet, M.D., M.S.

This podcast discusses how to approach contraceptive counseling for premenopausal women with cardiovascular disease, emphasizing individualized decision-making based on pregnancy goals and medical risks. It highlights safer options—such as progestin-only methods and intrauterine devices—while cautioning against estrogen-containing contraceptives due to increased thrombotic risk. The discussion also reviews practical considerations for cardiologists, including managing contraception after cardiac events and coordinating care with specialists. Overall, it underscores that effective contraception is typically safer than pregnancy for patients with significant cardiac conditions

Topics Discussed:

How do you approach contraception decision making in a patient with cardiac disease?
Are some contraception options safer than others? Are those options just as effective?
Will a specific method affect blood pressure or cholesterol? Are there other side effects to be aware of?
What if a patient has an adverse event such as a heart attack or pulmonary embolus while on oral contraception? What is your approach to those patients?
What are the most important lessons you would like to share with cardiovascular specialists?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 23-January-2026

Differential Diagnosis and Workup of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Guest: Juan M. Bowen, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Thoracic aortic aneurysms are often found as incidental findings on imaging done for other indications. In this episode, listeners will learn more about the approach the Mayo Clinic Marfan and Thoracic Aorta Clinic takes. We can often find the cause by taking a directed family history and personal history, by looking for key physical findings, and by obtaining appropriate imaging and often also genetic tests.

Topics Discussed:

What is the differential diagnosis in adult patients?
What questions are most helpful in the patient history, and what physical findings should the examiner look for?
What cardiac and vascular imaging should be done on the initial evaluation?
When should genetic tests be considered?
When should preventive aortic repair be considered?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 14-January-2026

The Central Role of Cardiac MRI in the Management of Heart Failure and Cardiomyopathy Patients

Guest: Gosia Wamil, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Cardiac MRI is now central to heart failure care, moving beyond imaging to guide diagnosis and treatment. It distinguishes disease causes, identifies fibrosis and scar, and uncovers specific conditions in both HFrEF and HFpEF. By providing prognostic markers, it helps tailor therapies and improve outcomes—delivering the right treatment at the right time. In this episode of "Interviews With the Experts," Dr. Malcolm Bell interviews Dr. Gosia Wamil from Mayo Clinic London practice on the role of cardiac MRI in practice.

Topics Discussed:

When does CMR change the management decision?
CMR findings
Which CMR biomarkers truly predict outcomes—and how should clinicians act on them?
From echo-first to CMR-led pathways: what should every HF service implement now?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 14-January-2026

AI in Imaging: How Will it Change What We Do

Guest: Tim Poterucha, M.D.

Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

Artificial intelligence (AI) is beginning to reshape how we acquire, interpret, and act on cardiovascular imaging, particularly echocardiography. In this episode, we’ll walk through how we got here—from the historical innovation arc of echo to modern AI tools that segment images, detect disease, and support interpretation—and discuss what is real, what is hype, and where the true clinical opportunities and risks lie. We’ll also explore what this means for practicing clinicians and trainees who are considering a future in imaging.

Topics Discussed:

When it comes specifically to cardiovascular imaging, what is the current role of AI, and why is imaging such a natural fit for these tools?
What are the problems with how we interpret imaging now, and what are the risks of AI?
What is hype right now, and what is real?
Is AI going to replace cardiologists for medical imaging interpretation, and should cardiology fellows be worried about going into imaging with the rise of AI?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded 01-December-2025

Menopause Management In Women with Cardiovascular Disease

Guest: Chrisandra Shufelt, M.D.

Host: Marysia Tweet, M.D., M.S.

Listeners of this episode of “Interviews with the Experts” will gain a practical, evidence-based framework for managing menopausal symptoms in women with cardiovascular disease or elevated CVD risk. Through discussion of patient selection, menopause-specific cardiovascular risk factors, and the evolving data on hormone therapy. Listeners will leave better equipped to individualize care and counsel patients with confidence.

Topics Discussed:

Treatment for menopause symptoms in women with risk factors for CVD
Appropriate candidates for hormone therapy
Which cardiovascular risk factors are attributable to ovarian aging (menopause) versus chronological aging?
What does the current evidence show regarding claims that menopausal hormone therapy prevents cardiovascular disease?
How might the FDA’s removal of the black box warning from menopausal hormone therapy labeling affect clinician prescribing practices and patient decision-making?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 15-January-2026

Handheld Ultrasound and Detection of Valve and Other Structural Heart Disease

Guest: Jared Bird, M.D.

Host: Paul Friedman, M.D.

Handheld ultrasound is rapidly changing cardiovascular structural heart disease assessment by allowing clinicians and researchers to detect valvular and structural heart disease earlier and more accurately. Advances in AI imaging guidance and interpretation further bridge the gap between physical exam and formal comprehensive echocardiography. It is important to realize how complimentary handheld ultrasound can be in the early detection of structural heat disease but does not replace diagnostic echocardiography.

Topics Discussed:

How does handheld ultrasound improve upon the traditional physical exam when it comes to identifying valvular or structural heart disease?
What are the most common valve or structural abnormalities that clinicians can reliably detect using handheld ultrasound today?
How are we using handheld ultrasound to screen patients for structural heart disease in a research setting?
How do AI-ECG and handheld ultrasound intersect to provide optimal screening of asymptomatic patients with structural heart disease?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 30-December-2025

What Do I Need to Know About Pulsed Field Ablation?

Guest: Christopher DeSimone,

Host: Anthony Kashou, M.D.

In this episode of “ECG Making Waves, hosted by Dr. Anthony Kashou with guest Dr. Christopher DeSimone, the focus is on understanding the evolution of ablation technology, particularly why the field has shifted toward pulsed field ablation. The conversation explores the key differences between traditional thermal ablation methods and pulsed field ablation, highlighting mechanisms, safety profiles, and clinical advantages. Additionally, it provides insight into what patients and clinicians can expect on the day of an ablation procedure, as well as important considerations for post-procedure follow-up and recovery.

Topics Discussed:

What is pulsed field ablation?
What are some of the differences between risks seen with thermal ablation vs. those seen with pulsed field ablation?
How does efficiency of the procedure or speed of the procedure change what you do for ablation?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 28-January-2026

Cardiovascular Care of the Masters Athlete

Guest: Kathryn Larson, M.D.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

In this podcast, Dr. Kathryn Larson will discuss current research on the influence of exercise on cardiovascular physiology and health. Specifically, she will discuss her research on the effects of life-long endurance exercise exposures on cardiac function and exercise capacity, particularly as it pertains to female masters athletes. This unique population can serve as an important model of healthy cardiovascular aging and offer therapeutic insights into how exercise truly is an effective therapy.

Topics Discussed:

On a “big picture” scale, what is interesting and unique about older adults who continue to maintain a high level of exercise training?
Aging and the accumulation of cardiac and non-cardiac diseases clearly impact cardiovascular function over time. What lessons can we learn from masters athletes on how things like aging, menopause, and cardiovascular disease interact with a life-long habit of exercise?
What are some of the challenges that come with studying masters athletes?
Is there such a thing as “too much exercise?”

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on 09-December-2026.

Pregnancy, Labor and Delivery, and Postpartum Care in Women with Cardiovascular Disease

Guest: Carl Rose, M.D.

Guest: Katie Young, M.D.

Guest: Katherine Arendt, M.D.

Host: Marysia Tweet, M.D., M.S.

Where patients deliver babies matters, particularly for women with cardiac disease. In this episode, Dr. Marysia Tweet interviews three experts on CVD, OB, and anesthesia. High-risk centers provide 24/7 in-house obstetric anesthesia and multidisciplinary resources that support anticipatory planning and rapid response to obstetric, cardiovascular, and anesthesia emergencies during labor and delivery. Whenever possible, cardiac obstetric patients should be managed by a multidisciplinary Pregnancy Heart Team from preconception to delivery to optimize planning and outcomes.

Topics Discussed:

Role of an obstetric anesthesiologist on a labor and delivery unit
Coordination of cardiology, OB anesthesia, MFM, and nursing care during labor and delivery
Cardiac indications for assisted vaginal delivery and cesarean delivery
Telemetry and ICU level monitoring postpartum

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 19-February-2026

AI ECG for Valvular Disease and Diastolic Function

Guest: Jae Oh, M.D.

Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

In this episode of “Interview With the Experts,” Dr. Kyle Klarich interviews Dr. Jae Oh on the use of AI ECG in his practice. ECG is widely available and standardized. AI ECG can be used for screening important left heart conditions and helpful in identifying asymptomatic patients with significant diastolic dysfunction or aortic stenosis. AI ECG can be a useful prognostic parameter when applied appropriately.

Topics Discussed:

How did you get involved in AI ECG for diastolic function and AS?
How did you develop AI ECG algorithms?
How does AI ECG perform for diastolic function and AS?
What do you think is the optimal clinical application of AI ECG?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 02-October-2025

Preconception Counseling for High-Risk Women

Guest: Katie Young, M.D.

Guest: Carl Rose, M.D.

Host: Marysia Tweet, M.D.

Preconception counseling for high-risk women focuses on identifying and optimizing cardiovascular, metabolic, and medical conditions before pregnancy to reduce maternal and fetal risk. This podcast highlights risk stratification, medication review, and delivery planning considerations that can meaningfully improve pregnancy and postpartum outcomes.

Topics Discussed:

Core components of a comprehensive preconception evaluation
How do tools like modified WHO classification and CARPREG II inform counseling?
Cardiac medications and pregnancy
Cardiovascular surveillance across pregnancy in high-risk patients

2025 ESC Guidelines for the management of cardiovascular disease and pregnancy: https://academic.oup.com/eurheartj/article/46/43/4462/8234487

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 08-January-2026

Common Scenarios in ACHD

Guest: Maan Jokhadar, M.D.

Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

In this third and final episode discussing ACHD, Drs. Bell and Jokhadar review practical management considerations for adults with congenital heart disease, focusing on common conditions encountered in general cardiology and primary care. The discussion highlights bicuspid aortic valve disease and associated aortopathy, repaired tetralogy of Fallot and coarctation of the aorta, prosthetic valve management, anticoagulation and bridging decisions, and current recommendations for endocarditis prophylaxis. Emphasis is placed on surveillance, complication prevention, and thoughtful risk–benefit assessment in routine and procedural care. Be sure to listen to the previous two episodes, “The Hospitalized ACHD Patient” and “ACHD for the Primary Care Provider.”

Topics Discussed:

Bicuspid Aortic Valve (BAV)
Coarctation of the Aorta (COA)
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF)
Mechanical and Bioprosthetic Valves
Anticoagulation Management
Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis (SBE) Prophylaxis

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 04-November-2025

Menorrhagia Management in Women with Cardiovascular Disease

Guest: Shannon Laughlin-Tommaso, M.D.

Host: Marysia Tweet, M.D., M.S.

Heavy menstrual bleeding is a condition that occurs before menopause and can be caused by both hormonal and structural conditions, like fibroids or adenomyosis. There are many medical and procedural options for treating bleeding which are safe in women with CVD. Although hysterectomy is a definitive option for HMB, it can increase risks of CVD in young women.

Topics Discussed:

What are the causes of heavy menstrual bleeding?
what are the options for treating heavy menstrual bleeding in patients on or off anticoagulation?
Is heavy menstrual bleeding a risk factor for CVD?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded 06-January-2026

ACHD for the Primary Care Provider

Guest: Maan Jokhadar, M.D.

Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

This is the second of three episodes on adult congenital heart disease. Be sure to go back and listen to episode one, “The Hospitalized ACHD Patient.” In this episode, listeners will hear a primer on caring for adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD) in the primary care setting. Dr. Malcolm Bell and Dr. Maan Jokhadar discuss when ACHD patients should be referred for specialized evaluation, how to locate clinics, and which symptoms should raise concern. Key practical tips are shared to help avoid common pitfalls and ensure safe, effective care for this unique patient population.

Topics Discussed:

Do all patients with CHD need to be seen in an ACHD clinic?
How to locate ACHD clinic?
What are some alarm symptoms for ACHD?
Common pitfalls to avoid

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 04-November-2025

Pacing and Defibrillation Without Leads

Guest: Nicholas Tan, M.D.

Host: Anthony Kashou, M.D.

In this episode, listeners will hear about the history of pacemakers and defibrillators, both with and without leads. Potential risks and complications associated with transvenous cardiac devices are discussed. The listener should gain an awareness of leadless pacing and extravascular defibrillator systems.

Topics Discussed:

What are some of the risks associated with transvenous device implants?
What is leadless pacing, and how is it generally performed?
How does a defibrillator without transvenous leads work?
When will you consider “transvenous-free” pacing or defibrillation systems?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

09-December-2025

The Hospitalized ACHD Patient

Guest: Maan Jokhadar, M.D.

Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

This is the first of three episodes on adult congenital heart disease. Adults with congenital heart disease are often admitted for a wide range of cardiac and non-cardiac issues, many of which carry unique management considerations. This episode emphasizes the importance of early ACHD consultation, especially in patients with cyanosis or prior complex repairs, and why even “simple” lesions deserve careful attention. We also touch on key bedside considerations that can significantly impact outcomes if overlooked. The goal is to build awareness and confidence when caring for this growing and complex patient population.

Topics Discussed:

Why are ACHD patients admitted?
When should a practitioner consult ACHD for their patient?
What are some of the common pitfalls to avoid?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 04-November-2025

Does Lifestyle Affect Pregnancy and Congenital Birth Defects?

Guest: Katie Young, M.D.

Guest: Carl Rose, M.D.

Host: Marysia Tweet, M.D., M.S.

Lifestyle choices before and during pregnancy can shape both maternal cardiovascular risk and fetal development. In this podcast, we explore how lifestyle factors before and during pregnancy influence maternal cardiovascular health and pregnancy outcomes.

Topics Discussed:

If a woman wishes to become pregnant, what can she do to minimize risk of adverse events during pregnancy or the postpartum period?
Are there certain lifestyle choices that are known to cause pregnancy complications?
Are there certain lifestyle choices that are known to cause congenital birth defects?
Are there any women for whom you would advise daily baby aspirin during pregnancy?
Are there lifestyle factors that should prompt enhanced fetal cardiac surveillance?
What cardiovascular or metabolic risk factors should ideally be optimized before conception?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Gene Therapy and Genetic Cardiomyopathies

Guest: John Giudicessi, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

In this podcast, listeners will learn what gene therapy is and the types of genes therapies under development for an array of genetically mediated cardiovascular disorders. In addition, active and upcoming gene therapy clinical trials for the treatment of specific arrhythmogenic, dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy genotypes will be discussed.

Topics Discussed:

What is gene therapy?
How do gene therapies differ from conventional management of genetic arrhythmogenic, dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathies?
Are there different types of gene therapies?
What gene therapy trials are currently active or upcoming at Mayo Clinic and other institutions?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded 21-October-2025

Leadless Pacemakers and Extravascular ICDs

Guest: Alan M. Sugrue, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

This episode of “Interviews With the Experts” explores how leadless pacemakers and extravascular ICDs are redefining device therapy by minimizing lead- and pocket-related complications while expanding options for patients with complex anatomy or infection risk. Listeners will learn how these systems differ from traditional transvenous technologies, review key data on safety and efficacy, and understand which patient profiles are best suited for each approach.

Topics Discussed:

How do leadless pacemakers differ from traditional transvenous systems in terms of technology, complication profile, and clinical outcomes?
In which patient populations should leadless pacing be considered as a first-line option?
What are the key design and functional differences between extravascular and subcutaneous ICDs?
What advantages and limitations should clinicians understand when deciding between these two systems?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded 21-October-2025

Translating the DGA Into Real-World Cardiometabolic Care

Guest: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

Host: Kyla M. Lara-Breitinger, M.D., M.H.S.

In this third episode roundtable, Dr. Lara Breitinger and Dr. Steve Kopecky examine what the DGAs get right—and where they fall short—for cardiovascular risk, from their emphasis on whole-food patterns to ongoing gaps around food processing, nutrient oversimplification, and sustainability messaging. They share how they translate the guidelines into real-world cardiometabolic care, including the evidence-based principles they use in clinic and when to individualize beyond national recommendations. Looking ahead, they explore the future of nutrition guidance—food as medicine, precision cardiometabolic care, and outcomes-driven recommendations—reminding listeners that the DGA is a starting point and to focus on "one bite at a time."

Topics Discussed:

The mismatch between guidelines and patients
What the DGA gets right—and wrong—for CV risk
How you counsel patients today
Where nutrition guidance needs to go next

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 10-February-2026

Applications of the New DGA

Guest: Tara Schmidt, RDN, LD

Host: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D., M.H.S.

Every five years, new dietary guidelines for Americans are put out by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). The Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2025-2030 (10th edition) was recently published in early 2026 and has sparked some controversy with not only its visual icon, but some of its emphases as well. In this second episode reviewing the new DGA, Dr. Kyla-Lara Breitinger and Tara Schmidt, RDN, LD review what the new guidelines advise and what may be confusing for consumers.

Topics Discussed:

Do you want to share a bit of history around the DGAs?
What recommendations from the new DGAs align with longstanding nutrition science?
Are there elements of the new guidelines that raise any concern?
What should be some key nutritional focuses for Americans, given what we know about their health status?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 05-February-2026

Dietary Guidelines of America: What Changed, What Didn’t, and Why it Matters

Guest: Dariush Mozaffarian, M.D., Dr.P.H.

Host: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D., M.H.S.

The release of the new Dietary Guidelines for Americans has sparked important conversations across medicine, public health, and clinical practice. In this three-episode Interview with the Experts mini-series, Mayo Clinic preventive cardiologist Dr. Kyla Lara-Breitinger brings clarity to what the guidelines mean for patients and clinicians alike—cutting through headlines, controversy, and confusion with evidence-based insights from national and Mayo Clinic experts. Together, we explore what’s new, what remains unchanged, where debate persists, and how these guidelines translate into real-world cardiometabolic care, with a strong emphasis on practical, patient-centered nutrition advice.

Topics Discussed:

Why does the new DGA matter for cardiology?
What’s new vs. recycled?
Core controversies
Clinical takeaways

Referenced article:

Mozaffarian D. The 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. JAMA. Published online January 14, 2026. doi:10.1001/jama.2026.0283 The 2025-2030 Dietary Guidelines for Americans | Lifestyle Behaviors | JAMA | JAMA Network

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded on: 27-January-2026

Conduction System Pacing

Guest: Nicholas Tan, M.D., M.S.

Host: Anthony Kashou, M.D.

In this episode of the “ECG Making Waves” segment of Mayo Clinic’s cardiovascular podcast series “Interviews with the Experts,” Dr. Nicholas Tan joins us to discuss conduction system pacing. The listener will hear about the basics and rationale of conduction system pacing, as well as clinical scenarios where it should be considered.

Topics Discussed:

How does conduction system pacing (or CSP) differ from conventional means of pacing?
In broad strokes, how is CSP performed?
In what situations would you consider doing CSP?
Are there any risks or uncertainties regarding CSP?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recorded 09-December-2025

AI Detection of Cardiac Amyloidosis

Guest: Patricia Pellikka, M.D.

Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

Dr. Patricia Pellikka dives into the AI model she helped build. Working with an AI echo company, Ultromics Ltd., her team built an AI echo model to detect cardiac amyloidosis. The model works from an apical 4 chamber videoclip and was approved by the FDA via the breakthrough pathway. They have validated it internationally in a population with 22% prevalence of cardiac amyloidosis and it had a sensitivity of 85%, specificity 93%, PPV 78%, NPV 96%, and AUC 0.93. The performance of the model was consistent across cardiac amyloid types; among AL, wild type ATTR, and hereditary ATTR, the sensitivity was 84%, 85%, and 86%, respectively. The performance of the model was also superior to previously validated scores which use clinical and echocardiographic variables for detecting cardiac amyloidosis. The results of the study were published online in the European Heart Journal in July.

Topics Discussed:

You have built an AI echo model to detect cardiac amyloidosis. How did you get into this?
Tell us about the model that you built. How did you validate it?
How does the model compare with other screening methods for detecting cardiac amyloidosis?
What are the next steps for your research?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Clopidogrel Monotherapy in Chronic Coronary Artery Disease

Guest: Keri Zieminski, APRN, C.N.P., D.N.P.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

This episode of Mayo Clinic’s “Interviews With the Experts” will give an overview of clopidogrel monotherapy in patients with chronic CAD that are not on anticoagulation. Discussion will include why there has been a shift towards redefining antiplatelet medical therapy for this patient population, brief overview of recent trials, and how to manage a patient on clopidogrel monotherapy that needs to undergo noncardiac surgery.

Topics Discussed:

Why has there been a shift towards redefining antiplatelet medical therapy in patients with chronic CAD? What's changed?
Recently published trials that highlight clopidogrel monotherapy.
What is your process for managing a patient on clopidogrel monotherapy that needs to go for noncardiac surgery?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Global Practices in Cardiac Imaging for Cardiac Sarcoidosis

Guest: Tahir Kafil, M.D.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

Cardiac imaging is a cornerstone in the diagnostic work-up and management of cardiac sarcoidosis. However, indications and use of advanced cardiac imaging vary from institution to institution, and even between providers at the same institution. We conducted an international Delphi consensus study of 89 global experts in cardiac sarcoidosis to evaluate real-world clinical practices and use of advanced cardiac imaging. We developed consensus for use of advanced cardiac imaging in cardiac sarcoidosis. Areas lacking consensus were noted as priority areas for research.

Topics Discussed:

From a big picture perspective, how is cardiac sarcoidosis generally diagnosed?
What exactly is the Delphi methodology your team used to build consensus?
The suggested algorithm for imaging in suspected cardiac sarcoidosis uses pretest probability, how was that defined?
Was cardiac MRI superior to PET in your study? Does one have to be first?
How do experts decide how often to do follow up PET imaging in established cardiac sarcoidosis?
What were areas of priority research that were identified?

The research study cited by Dr. Kafil was published on June 2, 2025. Click the following link to view the paper:

https://www.jacc.org/doi/full/10.1016/j.jcmg.2025.02.010

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Anticoagulation Monotherapy in Patients with Chronic Coronary Artery Disease and Atrial Fibrillation

Guest: Keri Zieminski, APRN, C.N.P., D.N.P.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

This episode of Mayo Clinic’s “Interviews With the Experts” will give an overview of anticoagulation monotherapy in patients with chronic CAD and atrial fibrillation. Discussion will include a brief overview of recently published trials that highlight the use of anticoagulation monotherapy in chronic CAD with atrial fibrillation, and how to manage a patient on anticoagulation monotherapy that needs to undergo noncardiac surgery.

Topics Discussed:

Why has there been a shift towards redefining antithrombotic medical therapy in patients with chronic CAD with atrial fibrillation? What's changed?
Recently published trials that highlight the use of anticoagulation monotherapy in the chronic CAD + AF population.
What is your process for managing a patient on anticoagulation monotherapy that needs to go for noncardiac surgery?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Updated Guidelines for Perioperative Cardiovascular Management for Noncardiac Surgery

Guest: Michael Cullen, M.D.

Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

This episode of Mayo Clinic’s “Interviews With the Experts” reviews the assessment of patients with known or suspected cardiovascular disease undergoing noncardiac surgery. Dr. Michael Cullen discusses recommendations from 2024 ACC/AHA perioperative guidelines regarding medication management before and after noncardiac surgery, including recommendations for antiplatelet therapy and bridging anticoagulation. Finally, he highlights new recommendations in the recent 2024 ACC/AHA perioperative guidelines and compare these guidelines to the 2022 European Society of Cardiology perioperative guidelines.

Topics Discussed:

How should clinicians approach the assessment of a patient prior to noncardiac surgery?
How should physicians and APPs manage cardiac medications around the time of noncardiac surgery?
What are some of the new recommendations in the 2024 ACC/AHA guidelines for perioperative management prior to noncardiac surgery?
How do the 2024 ACC/AHA perioperative guidelines differ from the 2022 ESC noncardiac surgery guidelines?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Obesity, Hypertension, and Risk Factors in Terms of Prevention and Decreasing the Risk of HfpEF

Guest: Affan Irfan, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

HFpEF is a type of heart failure where the heart pumps normally but becomes stiff. This leads to fatigue, shortness of breath, and fluid retention. It is closely linked to obesity, hypertension, and metabolic disorders, with cases rising as these conditions become more common.

Topics Discussed:

What is HFpEF and its risk factors?
How common are obesity and hypertension, and how often do they lead to HFpEF?
How do you diagnose HFpEF?
How effective are weight loss, diet, and exercise in preventing HFpEF?
What medical and public health strategies help reduce these risk factors and HFpEF cases?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Aortic Regurgitation: Beyond the Valve

Guest: Vidhu Anand, M.B.B.S.

Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

In this episode of Mayo Clinic’s “Interviews With the Experts,” Dr. Klarich and Dr. Anand discuss evolving approaches to assessing left ventricular remodeling in chronic aortic regurgitation. Dr. Vidhu Anand discusses research showing that LV volumes, global longitudinal strain, and myocardial fibrosis can detect dysfunction earlier than traditional guideline thresholds. Listeners can expect to better understand the role of multimodality imaging, extra valvular involvement, and practical steps echocardiographers can take to optimize AR assessment.

Topics Discussed:

What imaging markers help detect early myocardial dysfunction in AR, and how do they assist in risk stratification?
Guidelines traditionally focus on LV dimensions and ejection fraction for surgical decision-making in AR. Is there any data that guidelines may not be capturing patients at the optimal time?
Is there a role of multimodality imaging in AR?
What practical steps can a sonographer or echocardiographer today to bring their AR assessment closer to what your research suggests is optimal?

Please reference Dr. Anand's research article(s) here:

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39545891/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33253815/

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39218370/

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Presentation, Evaluation, and Management of Premature Ventricular Contractions

Guest: Alan M. Sugrue, M.B., B.Ch., B.A.O.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In this episode, Dr. Anthony Kashou and Dr. Alan Sugrue cover a practical, evidence-based approach to premature ventricular contractions (PVCs), from incidental findings to high-burden, high-risk presentations. Listeners will gain tools to differentiate benign from pathologic PVCs, understand when to monitor versus refer, and recognize the role of catheter ablation in improving outcomes.

Topics Discussed:

PVCs show up on Holters and ECGs all the time — how do you decide when they matter?
How often do PVCs cause cardiomyopathy, and when should we act?
When should we consider ablation even if the patient is asymptomatic?
What’s the biggest misconception about PVC ablation today?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Tricuspid Regurgitation: New Insights and Implications for Clinical Practice

Guest: Vidhu Anand, M.B.B.S.

Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

This episode of Mayo Clinic’s “Interviews With the Experts,” explores new insights into tricuspid regurgitation and its implications for clinical practice. Dr. Vidhu Anand discusses the dynamic nature of TR, its impact on prognosis, and the importance of close monitoring even when the condition appears to improve. The conversation highlights evolving guideline considerations, patient risk stratification, and how AI and machine learning may soon support earlier, more personalized interventions. Listeners will gain practical takeaways on when to escalate care and how to optimize long-term outcomes for TR patients.

Topics Discussed:

How has our understanding of the natural history of tricuspid regurgitation changed, and what does this mean for the way we monitor and counsel patients?
What are the current indications for intervention in isolated TR?
How is TR currently classified? Are there any novel classifications based on patient’s risk profile, since comorbidities play an important role in TR?
Review of Mayo Clinic study using AI/machine learning and outcomes in TR.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Cardiovascular Diet Myths

Guest: Stephen Kopecky, M.D.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

Since 2018, Trans-Fats are prohibited from being a food additive in the US. In this episode of “Interviews With the Experts,” Dr. Stephen Kopecky discussed how trans fats are still in our food, just not as much as pre-2018, and the main sources of trans fat are ultra-processed foods. Listeners will learn what foods scan raise your blood cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, increase heart attack risk, accelerate the aging process, and slow the aging process.

Topics Discussed:

Are some trans-fats still sneaking into our food?
If a person eats food high in cholesterol, can blood levels of cholesterol (LDL-C) go up?
Which artificial sweeteners increase CV risk?
Can diet actually speed up or slow down the aging process?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Evolving Treatment Landscape in Transthyretin Cardiac Amyloidosis

Guest: Rosalyn Adigun, M.D., Pharm.D.

Host: S. Allen Luis, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

In this episode of Mayo Clinic’s “Interviews With the Experts,” Dr. Allen Luis interviews Dr. Rosalyn Adigun on transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis. Listeners will come away with a detailed overview of the evolution of treatment options for patient diagnosed with transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, highlighting historical perspectives, early registration studies, current treatment options, and an outlook on future directions in the management of transthyretin cardiac amyloidosis.

Topics Discussed:

Overview of the historical perspectives on the diagnosis and management of transthyretin amyloidosis.
Current treatment options available for transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy, and factors that should guide a clinician's decision regarding the choice of therapy.
Treatment options in the coming years.
Ongoing research initiatives in the management of cardiac amyloidosis.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Radiation Therapy and its Effect on the Heart and Cardiac Devices

Guest: Nicholas Tan, M.D., M.S.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

Mayo Clinic electrophysiologist Dr. Nicholas Tan joins Dr. Anthony Kashou on this episode of “ECG Making Waves” to discuss how radiation therapy can impact the heart and heart rhythm. After listening to this podcast, listeners will have developed awareness of the complexities behind managing cardiac devices in cancer patients.

Topics Discussed:

What effect does radiation therapy have on the heart?
What arrhythmias can be seen with radiation therapy?
How can radiation therapy impact cardiac device management?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

When to Consider Intervention for Peripheral Arterial Disease

Guest: Stan Henkin, M.D.

Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

Although optimal medical therapy is key to decrease the risk of major adverse cardiac events in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), lower extremity arterial revascularization also plays an important role in management of symptoms and prevention of amputation. Thus, it is important to recognize the optimal timing for patient to be referred for lower extremity arterial revascularization. This podcast will discuss when patients with established PAD should be considered for peripheral revascularization.

Topics Discussed:

Can you tell us about clinical subsets of PAD and what symptoms may be expected with each subset?
Recent BEST-CLI trial garnered a lot of attention and press. Can you tell us more about this trial and why results are important for treatment of patients with CLTI?
When should a patient with claudication be referred for revascularization?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Heart Healthy Diet: How to Evaluate Your Patients

Guest: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

Nutrition counseling plays a vital role in cardiovascular care, and even brief conversations can make a meaningful impact. Rapid dietary screeners offer a practical way to assess how heart healthy a patient’s eating pattern is, helping providers initiate valuable discussions. While no single cardioprotective diet stands above the rest, emphasizing reduced intake of ultra-processed foods and ensuring adequate protein—primarily from plant-based sources and lean animal proteins like poultry, fish, and seafood—can support heart health. These dietary priorities become especially important in later life stages, when maintaining lean muscle mass is critical to reducing risks of frailty, morbidity, and mortality.

How do you evaluate whether your patient is following a heart healthy dietary pattern?
What makes a cardioprotective diet different from other diets?
Is there a best diet or go-to-diet that is superior to all?
When discussing nutrition with patients, what key advice should you prioritize?

Easily check your diet with mini-eat.org as discussed by Dr. Lara-Breitinger and Dr. Kopecky!

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

2024 Peripheral Arterial Guidelines: What’s New

Guest: Stan Henkin, M.D.

Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

The new iteration of ACC/AHA/AACVPR/APMA/ABC/SCAI/SVM/SVN/SVS/SIR/VESS Guideline for the Management of Lower Extremity Peripheral Artery Disease came out in 2024, providing multiple new recommendations for the management of lower extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) as compared to the 2016 PAD Guideline. These recommendations were made in light of multiple new trials since the prior guideline, including use of antiplatelet and antithrombotic therapy, lipid-lowering therapy and structured exercise therapy. For the first time, these guidelines also underscore the importance of health disparities in PAD. This podcast will highlight these new recommendations with focus on prevention of adverse events in patients with PAD.

Topics Discussed:

Why was an update of 2016 PAD guidelines necessary?
What are important new class I recommendations in the guidelines?
For the first time, health disparities are highlighted for patients with PAD. Why was this done?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Patients Struggling With SVT/AVNRT and Catheter Ablation

Guest: Christopher DeSimone, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In this episode, Dr. Anthony Kashou and Dr. Christopher DeSimone dive into the challenges patients face with supraventricular tachycardia (SVT) and atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). They explore treatment options ranging from medications to catheter ablation, highlighting how these approaches aim to improve quality of life. Listeners will learn what to expect during an ablation procedure, including safety, anesthesia, and risks. Most importantly, they discuss how patients can feel empowered to make informed decisions about their care and reclaim confidence in their health.

Topics Discussed:

Options and goals of current treatment options for AVNRT/SVT
Catheter ablation as a means to treat and cure AVNRT/SVT
What to expect and what will occur during AVNRT ablation

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Effects of Social Isolation and Loneliness on the Heart

Guest: Amir Lerman, M.D.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

Social isolation and loneliness are common, mainly in the elderly, and are regarded as major cardiovascular risk factors. The factors are associated with an increase in cardiovascular events and mortality. Additionally, social isolation and loneliness are associated with increased systemic inflammation and progression of atherosclerosis

Topics Discussed:

How do you identify social isolation?
Mechanism of social isolation and loneliness on CV health
Prevalences and risk of social isolation and loneliness
Findings of a recent study from Mayo Clinic
Case story: the Roseto effect
Potential therapy

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Ischemia with No Obstructive Arteries (INOCA) in 2024

Guest: Claire Raphael, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

INOCA is a common condition. It is an acronym that stands for ischemia with non-obstructive coronary artery disease. We discuss when to consider a diagnosis of INOCA, how to diagnose it and how to treat patients.

Topics Discussed:

What is INOCA?
Who is at risk for INOCA?
How do we manage INOCA?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Statin Myopathy

Guest: Stephen Kopecky, M.D.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

Statins are very helpful to lower LDL cholesterol and subsequently lower cardiovascular risk. Studies of statins have excluded subjects that are statin intolerant which is usually due to muscle symptoms such as aches, called myalgias, muscle cramps, or weakness. One of the most significant predictors of statin intolerance is the dose -the higher the dose, the more likely to develop intolerance. Accepted in recommended ways to minimize intolerance is to use generic combination therapy with a lower dose statin and a cholesterol absorption inhibiting agent such as ezetimibe. Newer agents such as PCS K 9 inhibitors and inclisiran, both given subQ, and bempedoic acid may reduce statin muscle symptoms.

Topics Discussed:

Is any statin more or less likely to cause statin associated muscle symptoms?
Are there any protective medications that can minimize statin myalgias?
What newer non-statin agents have been shown to reduce risk of myalgias?
How is treating high cholesterol levels becoming more like treating blood pressure?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recent Updates in AF Guidelines

Guest: Christopher DeSimone, M.D., Ph.D.

Guest: Abhishek Deshmukh, M.B.B.S.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

There have been several recent publications from major societies (ACC/HRS/EHRA/ESC) regarding atrial fibrillation management updates. These include updates to treatment interventions in patients with AFib such as catheter ablation, medical therapy, heart failure, and timing of intervention.

Topics Discussed:

What are the new recommendations on catheter ablation?
What is new regarding the relationship between atrial fibrillation and heart failure?
Are there new guidelines on Intervention and timing in atrial fibrillation management?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Patient Selection and the Role of Echo Imaging for Tricuspid Structural Heart Procedures

Guest: Jeremy Thaden, M.D.

Host: Paul Friedman, M.D.

This podcast will give an overview of the growth of transcatheter structural heart procedures in recent years and the co-evolution of structural heart imaging (echocardiography) for patient selection and guidance.

Topics Discussed:

Mayo’s experience with transcatheter structural heart procedures
How has echo imaging evolved to facilitate guidance of structural heart procedures?
What advice can you give for those interested in structural heart imaging?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

What is ECG Age Vs. Chronological age, and How to Use it in Your CV Prevention Practice

Guest: Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, M.D., M.S.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

After listening to this episode of the CV Prevention segment of Mayo Clinic’s podcast “Interviews with the Experts,” listeners will better understand why it is important to differentiate between biological and chronological age. This is something that may help identify increased risk for age-related conditions and factors that may adversely affecting a person’s health. Listeners will become familiar with different ways to measure aging rate or biological age, especially with ECG age. Finally, factors that appear to affect biological age, such as social determinants of health, lack of exercise, excess weight, and stress are discussed.

Topics Discussed:

What is ECG Age?
How did your team come up with the idea?
Why is important to differentiate between biological age and chronological age?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Robotic Cardiac Surgery

Guest: Phillip Rowse, M.D.

Guest: Marty Unruh, APRN, C.N.P., D.N.P.

Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

In this episode of “Interviews With the Experts,” listeners will hear a discussion on the most important questions patients should ask as they consider whether or not to pursue a robotic-assisted approach for surgical treatment of their valvular heart disease. It is clarified how robotic heart surgery works, including associated risks, benefits, and misconceptions. And finally, there is a discussion on the expected short- and long-term results of robotic heart valve surgery.

Topics Discussed:

What types of procedures can be performed robotically, and how does robotic surgery compare to traditional and other minimally invasive techniques?
Who qualifies for robotic surgery, and is it safe and effective?
What testing is needed beforehand, what is the typical recovery time, and how long is the hospital stay and return-to-work timeline?
Do surgeons perform the procedure or does the robot operate independently?
How many robotic surgeries has Mayo Clinic performed, and what are the benefits compared to open-heart surgery (sternotomy)?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Anticoagulation with AF and Cancer

Guest: Nicholas Tan, M.D., M.S.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In today’s episode of ECG Making Waves, Dr. Anthony Kashou interviews Dr. Nicholas Tan on how to manage anticoagulation in patients with cancer. They discuss the importance of appreciating the challenging balance in managing stroke risk in patients with cancer and atrial fibrillation. After listening to this episode, listeners will understand alternative strategies for stroke prevention in addition to systemic anticoagulation.

Topics Discussed:

What is the relationship between cancer and atrial fibrillation?
Why is stroke prevention challenging in this situation?
What is the role of left atrial appendage closure in cancer patients?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Ceramide Risk Score: How to Incorporate it Into Your CV Prevention Practice

Guest: Vlad Vasile, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

Ceramides score is a blood test used to assess the risk of heart attacks and stroke. Most patients evaluated for cardiovascular risk benefit from this test, particularly patients deemed at intermediate risk by other assessments. Score is reported as numbers: the higher the score, the higher the risk. Ceramides score is reproducible and modifiable with lifestyle interventions and medications that lower cholesterol; it also helps with tracking patient progress and motivation.

Topics Discussed:

What is the ceramides score?
How is ceramides score different than hs CRP?
Who benefits from ceramides testing?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

CT Scan for Coronary Artery Calcification Window

Guest: Thomas C. Gerber, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) scanning can help improving our assessment of the risk of heart attack or stroke in thoughtfully selected patients. Not everyone needs a CAC scan! The results of a CAC scan can be particularly helpful in deciding whether a patient should start medications to reduce their risk. Coronary artery calcium scanning is not used to follow a patient’s risk over time (to see whether the risk is decreasing or increasing).

Topics Discussed:

How is a coronary artery calcification (CAC) scan done, and what can the results tell us about a patient’s cardiovascular risk and management?
Who should consider having a CAC scan? Should a patient discuss the possibility of a CAC scan with their doctor, and should they just self-refer to a screening center?
What changes can we make in patient management based on CAC scan findings?
How should we monitor whether the management is improving the patient’s cardiovascular risk? How often should a CAC scan be done?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Management of Postoperative Pericarditis.

Guest: Melissa Erdman, P.A.-C.

Guest: Juan Crestanello, M.D.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

In this podcast, Mayo Clinic experts explore the complexities of diagnosing and managing postoperative pericarditis, a condition that presents unique challenges compared to other forms of pericarditis. The discussion delves into how this complication differs in presentation and progression, outlines current treatment approaches used in clinical practice, and examines potential preventive strategies that surgeons and care teams can implement to reduce its incidence and severity.

Topics Discussed:

How is postoperative pericarditis different from other causes?
What are the management strategies you are using to treat these patients?
Are there measures that surgeons can take to prevent or reduce incidence or severity?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

How a Years Worth of Experience of PFA for AF has Revolutionized My Practice

Guest: Christopher DeSimone, M.D., Ph.D.

Guest: Abhishek Deshmukh, M.B.B.S.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

Patients most commonly have undergone traditional catheter ablation for AF via a thermal energy source. A newer energy modality is called Pulsed Field Ablation – using very high energy pulsation of strong voltages to destroy tissue responsible for AF. At Mayo Clinic, we have significant expertise in using this technology for our patients. This has changed our ablation practice, approach to ablation, and has made a tremendous impact on AF management.

Topics Discussed:

How has the implementation of PFA for AFib changed your practice?
What are some of the benefits of offering patients PFA?
How has experience with this technology reflected your ablation approach?
Where is the field of PFA heading to next for AFib?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Lipoprotein (a) Elevation: What Does it do to CV Risk and What do You Need to Know About Treatment

Guest: Vlad Vasile, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

Lipoprotein (a) is a blood biomarker that poses independent risk of heart attacks and stroke when elevated. All patients should be screened for this biomarker. Currently, there are no efficient treatments for lipoprotein (a) elevations, but likely the scenery will change as we will have treatments available in the near future. For now, we recommend a healthy lifestyle, medications that lower cholesterol, aspirin and screening of all first-degree relatives of patients with elevated lipoprotein (a), including children.

Topics Discussed:

What is lipoprotein (a)?
How does lipoprotein (a) increase cardiovascular risk?
How do we treat lipoprotein (a) elevation?
Do you screen children of patients with elevated lipoprotein (a)?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

How to Tell Patients about Adding in Intervals to Their Physical Activity Program

Guest: Kate Russell, C.E.P.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

Intervals are a hugely beneficial addition to any exercise program. As with any exercise topic, finding good information can be difficult and overwhelming. We will discuss how to modify intervals to fit patients of all ages, fitness levels, and limitations

Topics Discussed:

How do I do intervals if I am unable to run?
Should I base my intensity on heart rates?
What’s more important, the length of the interval or the intensity?

Click here for the citation for the research article that Dr. Kopecky references, or see below:

Stamatakis E, Ahmadi M, Biswas RK, et al. Br J Sports Med Epub ahead of print: [01.13.2025]. doi:10.1136/ bjsports-2024-108484

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Role of Thrombophilia Testing in Venous Thromboembolism

Guest: Ana Casanegra, M.D., M.S.

Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

Thrombophilia testing identifies inherited or acquired conditions that increase the risk of abnormal blood clotting. Sometimes it can help us guide management decisions for patients, but who and when to test are key questions to address before making this decision.

Topics Discussed:

What is thrombophilia, what is the difference with hypercoagulable states?
Who should consider getting tested for thrombophilia, what does the testing process involve, and what to consider in preparation for it?
How can the results of thrombophilia testing impact a person’s medical management and lifestyle?
Are there downsides of thrombophilia testing?

Easily check your diet with mini-eat.org as discussed by Dr. Lara-Breitinger and Dr. Kopecky!

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Electrophysiology Considerations in Oncology Patients

Guest: Nicholas Tan, M.D., M.S.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In today’s episode of ECG Making Waves, Dr. Anthony Kashou interviews Dr. Nicholas Tan on how clinicians should consider electrophysiology in the patient with cancer. After listening to this episode, learners will understand the relationship between cancer and heart rhythm disorders, as well as begin to appreciate how cancer and arrhythmia treatments can interact.

Topics Discussed:

Why are arrhythmias even relevant in cancer patients?
What are some key arrhythmias associated with cancer or their therapies?
What is a general approach towards managing arrhythmias in cancer patients?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Chronic Total Occlusion in 2025

Guest: Gregory Barsness, M.D.

Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

Chronic (>3 months) complete epicardial coronary obstructive lesions, often referred to as CTOs, are recognized in a large minority of those referred for coronary angiography yet historically represent <5% of coronary intervention attempts. Improving tools, techniques and strategies have allowed greater access to percutaneous management of symptomatic coronary disease with improved procedural safety and technical and clinical success.

Topics Discussed:

What is a CTO and who do they affect?
What are the management options for those with CTO?
How are candidates for CTO PCI identified?
What are the risks and anticipated clinical benefits of CTO PCI and can these be anticipated and results optimized?
What does the future hold for those with symptomatic chronic coronary occlusions?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Supplements for Cardiovascular Prevention

Guest: Lisa M. Gilman, APRN, C.N.P.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

Supplement use is a growing industry in which patients seek additional potential benefit of reducing disease burden and improving overall health. This presentation will be an overview of supplements used to address cardiovascular disease prevention

Topics Discussed:

Our patients will often inquire if there are any supplements that would help their heart health. How do you approach this topic?
What supplements have been suggested to help improve cardiovascular health?
Patients may ask, how do we know if we are purchasing a good supplement?
Are there any other considerations to be thinking of to instruct our patients about supplements?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Role of Genetics in the Heart Failure Clinic

Guest: Naveen Pereira, M.D.

Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

Genetic testing for heart failure is most beneficial for patients with cardiomyopathies. It aids in personalized treatment, early diagnosis, and family risk assessment, although its uptake has been slow due to costs, access, and interpretation challenges. Ongoing research into genetic mutations and their role in cardiomyopathy pathophysiology could lead to new therapeutic targets and improved disease management.

Topics Discussed:

Which patients with heart failure should get genetic testing?
Why should genetic testing be performed?
How is genetic testing performed?
Why has there been a slow uptake in genetic testing for patients with cardiomyopathy? And what are some possible solutions?
Can genetics provide new insight into the pathophysiology of disease, specifically cardiomyopathies?
Can this information then be used to help developed new therapeutic targets?
What are some of the uncertainties in the field that research should be focused on?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Assessing Recurrence Following Pulsed Field Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

Guest: Nicholas Tan, M.D., M.S.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

Pulsed field ablation has been rapidly adopted across the United States since FDA approval was granted 1 year ago, due to its excellent acute efficacy, favorable safety profile, and fast workflow. However, recurrences post-ablation are comparable to that of previously established modalities, making this a significant hurdle that has yet to be overcome. Changes to mapping/ablation strategies, updates to PFA parameters, autonomic modulation, and combination modality ablations (PFA/RFA) offer some avenues for improvement

Topics Discussed:

What is pulsed field ablation (PFA) and how does it differ from previously established modalities of ablation such as radiofrequency and cryoablation?
What are the recurrence rates post-PFA and how do they compare with other modalities?
In patients who undergo redo ablations following an index PFA procedure, what are the most common causes (i.e. reconnection of pulmonary veins versus new sites)?
How do you think PFA will evolve in the coming years

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Hybrid Procedures Collaboration with Interventional Cardiology

Guest: Jason Anderson, M.D.

Guest: Elizabeth Stephens, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

Increasingly, collaboration between interventional cardiology and congenital cardiac surgeons has been used to optimize care for patients with congenital heart disease. Multi-disciplinary care is key, and “hybrid” procedures can be part of that collaboration. Effective use of catheter-procedures can help decrease the number of cardiac operations for many patients and new technologies are continually being developed in this space.

Topics Discussed:

What are “hybrid procedures” in cardiac surgery?
What age and diagnoses of congenital heart disease patients are candidates for hybrid procedures?
I’ve heard of the heart team approach or emphasis of multi-disciplinary approach at Mayo, what does that mean and is that important for parents and patients to look for?
Can you discuss how you decide whether a surgical or catheter approach is better?
A recent advancement is pulmonary flow regulators – can you explain what those are and how they have been used?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Interval Training – What Does the Science Tell Us About the Benefits Versus Continuous Activity

Guest: Amanda R. Bonikowske, Ph.D.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

Learners will gain insights into the health and fitness benefits of high-intensity interval training (HIIT). They will explore various approaches to HIIT and learn strategies for integrating it into a well-rounded exercise program. Additionally, the podcast will offer a concise overview of current research on the enjoyment of HIIT and how this knowledge can inform effective HIIT prescriptions.

Topics Discussed:

What are the benefits of HIIT?
What are the different approaches to HIIT?
How can HIIT be incorporated into a comprehensive exercise program?
What do we know about enjoyment of HIIT?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Secrets to Achieving CAD Regression

Guest: Stephen Kopecky, M.D.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

Coronary artery disease regression can occur in lipid rich plaque. Calcified and fibrotic plaque are essentially scars and cannot regress; however, they also are not associated with plaque rupture, which can lead to myocardial infarction. Studies with invasive angiography or CT angiography that have shown successful regression of CAD have addressed risk factors including hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. They also address lifestyle, including healthy diet such as DASH or Mediterranean diet, regular physical activity, and stress mitigation.

Topics Discussed:

Can all types of coronary plaque (calcified, fibrotic, lipid rich) regress?
How can we assess coronary artery disease regression?
What have studies told us the best way to achieve CAD regression?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Association Between COVID-19 Vaccination and Atrial Arrhythmias in Individuals with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices

Guest: Malini Madhavan, M.B.B.S.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In a study of over 7000 individuals with a cardiac implanted device in the Biotronik CERTITUDE registry, the burden of device detected AF was noted to be higher in the 3 months after covid vaccination compared to the 3 months preceding vaccination. A similar trend was observed for Influenza vaccinated individuals. However, when comparing a propensity matched group of controls without COVID vaccination, the trend towards increased burden of AF was similar in the 2 groups. This led the authors to conclude that the observed increase in AF burden represents the natural progression of AF risk rather than vaccine related changes.

Topics Discussed:

The study of atrial fibrillation burden after COVID vaccination, including the conclusion.
How the incidence of AF after COVID 19 vaccination compares to that after influenza vaccination.
Other studies that have investigated arrhythmia occurrence after COVID vaccination.
Safety for patients with cardiovascular disease to get vaccinated for COVID 19.

References:

https://www.heartrhythmjournal.com/article/S1547-5271(22)00914-6/fulltext

https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/jce.16372

https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC9175153/#:~:text=A%20total%20of%202611%20events,COVID%2D19%20vaccine%20doses%20administered

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Updates in Left Atrial Appendage Closure

Guest: Ammar Killu, M.B.B.S.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

In today’s episode of “Interviews With the Experts, listeners will learn how to select patients that may benefit from left atrial appendage occlusion. Listeners will understand the major differences between currently available commercial devices.

Topics Discussed:

What is left atrial appendage closure?
Who may benefit from left atrial appendage closure and is there expansion of indications?
What devices are currently approved for LAA closure? Are there any newer devices on the horizon?
What are the post device anticoagulation/ antithrombotic regimens?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Lifestyle Modification in the Setting of New Prevention Therapies

Guest: R. Scott Wright, M.D.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

Cardiovascular prevention has largely focused on new pharmaceutical therapies over the past several decades. Often overlooked are the critical roles of diet, exercise, sleep and other individual behaviors which underpin all of preventive measures for improved health. The podcast will discuss how busy clinicians can emphasize and incorporate these measures in their daily practices and lives.

Topics Discussed:

Is diet still important?
What is the best heart healthy diet?
What are the benefits of a healthy diet outside of lipid lowering?
How do new therapies work with good vs. poor dietary adherence?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Latest Developments in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension

Guest: Robert P. Frantz, M.D.

Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a serious disease manifested by vasoconstriction and obliteration of the pulmonary arterial vasculature resulting in rise in pulmonary artery pressure and resistance and culminating in right heart failure. Listeners will learn more about traditional treatments for PAH, as well as new anti-proliferative therapies in active clinical investigation, and what that means for the future of treatment.

Topics Discussed:

What is most new and exciting in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension?
What monitoring is necessary in order to safely use sotatercept?
What future developments do you envision for the field of pulmonary hypertension?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Exploring New Frontiers in Rhythm Monitoring Technology

Guest: Suraj Kapa, M.D.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

After listening to this podcast, the learners will be able to confidently identify areas of advancement in cardiac rhythm monitoring. Additionally, listeners will learn specific areas of future research around technology to support the future of cardiac rhythm monitoring.

Topics Discussed:

What is new in technology to advance rhythm monitoring?
What role is AI playing in rhythm monitoring?
What are potential risks associated with these technological advances?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Updates from the 2024 ESC and AHA Scientific Statements on Cardiac Sarcoidosis

Guest: Leslie T. Cooper Jr., M.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D.

Cardiac sarcoidosis is a systemic, chronic inflammatory disorder characterized by non-caseating, epithelioid cell granulomas that may involve many tissues and organs. The Heart Rhythm Society criteria for diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis require a biopsy-proven diagnosis of extra-cardiac sarcoidosis. If extra-cardiac sarcoidosis is confirmed, CS is highly probable when there is evidence of the following: (a) rhythm abnormalities in either ECG or Holter monitoring such as advanced AVB (Mobitz type II second-degree or third-degree AVB), sustained VT, and (b) LV dysfunction on echocardiography or CMR (LVEF <40%) and/or compatible pattern on advanced imaging modalities (cardiac PET, CMR). EMB, sometimes with electrogram guidance to increase diagnostic yield, remains useful in indeterminant cases, including isolated cardiac involvement or suspected genetic etiology. Multidisciplinary teams consisting of respiratory physicians, rheumatologists, and cardiologists with expertise in sarcoidosis as well as other relevant subspecialties such as advanced cardiac imaging specialists (CMR and nuclear medicine) and electrophysiologists are needed to integrate immunosuppression with arrhythmia and heart failure management.

Topics Discussed:

What percentage of patients with cardiac sarcoidosis have lung or thoracic lymph node involvement?
Which of the following are associated with greater risk of heart failure or ventricular arrhythmias in definite or probable cardiac sarcoidosis:
Which of the following medications may be added to guideline directed treatments for the initial management of acute and symptomatic cardiac sarcoidosis?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

New RNA Therapies for Treatment of ASCVD, Prevention, and Dyslipidemia

Guest: R. Scott Wright, M.D.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

RNA therapies are growing in number as targeted treatments for dyslipidemia including LDL-c, Lp(a) and Triglycerides. The podcast will explore the science behind these therapies, the evidence for safety and how clinicians can utilize them in their practices.

Topics Discussed:

What are the new RNA therapies available or soon to be available?
How are RNA based therapies being used?
How do they compare to the COVID-19 vaccine?
What is their effectiveness and side effect profile?
Are there side effects or concerns?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Myocarditis: What’s New in 2025

Guest: Leslie T. Cooper Jr., M.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D.

After this episode of Mayo Clinic’s cardiovascular podcast series “Interviews With the Experts,” the listener will be able to identify the novel 2024 ACC Expert Care Decision Pathway (ECDP) 4-stage classifications of myocarditis. Hear today’s expert discuss pivotal tests in the diagnosis of myocarditis, such as cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging and endomyocardial biopsy (EMB) are considered. Finally, learn more about the indications for genetic testing for myocarditis in your patients.

Topics Discussed:

What percentage of adult patients with myocarditis presenting as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction or ventricular arrhythmias have a pathogenic or likely pathogenic cardiomyopathic gene variant?
Which of the following are criteria to consider endomyocardial biopsy in the setting of acute myocarditis?
Identify Stage B myocarditis based on clinical presentation and testing.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Post-Cardiac Ablation Atrial Arrhythmia Monitoring

Guest: Suraj Kapa, M.D.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In this episode of the segment "ECG Making Waves," the listener will learn to identify the right monitoring approach for a given patient’s arrhythmia considerations around ablation. They will also learn how to list specific considerations when reviewing and interpreting post-ablation arrhythmia ECGs.

Topics Discussed:

What specific aspects of the ECG and ECG monitoring are important to look for after cardiac ablation?
How do you approach rhythm monitoring discussions with your patients after ablation?
What are potential benefits and pitfalls of different monitoring approaches for atrial arrhythmias after ablation?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Lipid Drugs: Part 2

Guest: Alicia A. Mickow, APRN, C.N.P., M.S.N

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

In Part 2, we will explore potential side effects and barriers to prescribing these medications, considering various patient factors. If you missed Part 1 last week, we encourage you to listen to it first, as this episode serves as a continuation and conclusion of that discussion.

Topics Discussed:

Side effects of these newer non-statin drugs
Barriers to prescribing those drugs

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Lipid Drugs: Part 1

Guest: Alicia A. Mickow, APRN, C.N.P., M.S.N

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D.

In Part 1 of this two-part series, listeners will learn the challenges of managing patients who are statin-intolerant, the range of available treatment options, alternative dosing schedules, and strategies for introducing newer medications. Stay tuned for Part 2, where they will examine the side effects of these newer drugs and barriers to prescribing them.

Topics Discussed:

What are the non-stain medications available and how are they different from statins?
How do you decide which medication to use when patients are statin intolerant?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Heart Lung Transplantation

Guest: Richard C. Daly, M.D.

Guest: Philip J. Spencer, M.D.

Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

Heart lung transplantation is the transplant of the combined heart-lung organ bloc from a donor into a recipient who has end-stage disease of both the heart and the lungs. This is often necessary because the disease in 1 of the organs (the heart or the lungs) caused the disease in the other organ system. For example, pulmonary hypertension might cause gradual but irreversible right ventricular failure in the heart. The prognosis after heart-lung transplantation is similar to patients who receive isolated lung transplantation.

Topics Discussed:

Heart-lung transplantation and why it is unique.?
Types of diseases that would require heart-lung transplantation.
Prognosis after heart-lung transplantation compared to heart transplant and lung transplant survival.
Immunologic advantages to block heart-lung transplantation.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Mayo Clinic's Experience with Cardioneural Ablation

Guest: Guru Kowlgi, M.B.B.S.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, MD

After listening to this podcast, the learners will develop a fundamental understanding of cardioneural ablation, as well as which patients should be referred for the procedure. Additionally, they will get a sense of the outcomes of the cardioneural ablation program at Mayo Clinic.

Topics Discussed:

Give us a quick refresher of what cardioneural ablation is, and which patient is appropriate to be referred for cardioneural ablation?
What is the history of cardioneural ablation? When did you start the cardioneural ablation program at Mayo Clinic?
How many cases have you done? What are the outcomes in terms of syncope-free survival and are there any complications?
What differentiates Mayo Clinic from other centers performing this procedure?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Aortic Valve Prosthesis Selection

Guest: Kimberly Holst, M.D.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

In this podcast we will learn to identify patient specific factors to be considered during evaluation for aortic valve replacement including patient specific anatomy, comorbidities, and lifelong management of aortic valve disease. Learners will learn to identify advantages to mechanical and biologic prostheses for management of aortic valve disease and identify areas of developing technology and treatment options for aortic valve disease.

Topics Discussed:

What are the main factors to consider when evaluating a patient for aortic valve replacement?
What patient specific factors that may make a patient less suitable for transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)?
What are the advantages of each mechanical and biologic prostheses in treatment of aortic valve disease?
What new technologies are available for management of aortic valve disease?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Current Nutritional Controversies- What is the Science Behind the Current Trends in Mainstream Media?

Guest: Professor Christopher Gardner, Ph.D.

Host: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D.

From the perspective of both mainstream and social media, it can often seem that there is more controversy than consensus about nutrition topics such as seed oils and ultra processed foods. To the contrary, Christopher Gardner, a nutrition scientist and professor of medicine at Stanford University finds just the opposite, that there is more consensus. However, recognizing the consensus requires providing important context for nutrition issues – in particular, with what, and instead of what. Once that context is provided, many of the topics with seemingly intractable disagreements like seed oils and ultra processed foods can be addressed from a more pragmatic perspective that can help us all to follow a more cardioprotective dietary pattern that leads to longevity and an increased health span. Join us as Professor Gardner addresses these topics with a uniquely engaging blend of humor and evidence-based science on this week’s podcast.

Topics Discussed:

Discuss beef tallow vs. seed oil controversy.
How did ultraprocessed foods become a dominant food source and how to win the battle against it?
Keeping it simple and pragmatic for daily life- how do we follow a cardioprotective pattern that leads to longevity and increased health span?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Can CT Angiography Be Used to Track CAD Regression?

Guest: Eric Williamson, M.D.

Host: Stephen Kopecky, M.D.

Listeners to this podcast will learn about the role of coronary CT angiography (CCTA) in preventative cardiology. CCTA enables early detection and characterization of coronary plaque before significant cardiovascular events occur. It non-invasively visualizes both calcified and non-calcified plaques, allowing for a comprehensive assessment of coronary artery health. These early insights can inform lifestyle modifications and targeted therapies, ultimately reducing the risk of heart disease.

Topics Discussed:

What is the role of coronary CTA in the assessment of coronary atherosclerotic plaque?
What recent technological advancements have occurred to improve the characterization of coronary plaque?
How is AI playing a role in plaque assessment using CT?
What future developments will advance our use of CT for plaque assessment in the near future?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Myth-Busting: Common Misconceptions About Dairy and Heart Health, Personalized Nutrition and Dairy, & Practical Tips for Heart-Healthy Dairy Consumption

Guest: Tara Schmidt, RDN, LD

Guest: Jen Welper, Executive Chef

Host: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D.

From encouraging full-fat dairy to avoiding dairy at all costs, the internet has a wide range of opinions and advice, expert and otherwise. Do the nutritional benefits outweigh the risks? Are there populations of people who should avoid it? Mayo Clinic experts dig into the research around dairy, associated health outcomes, and ways to healthfully incorporate it into one’s daily intake.

Topics Discussed:

How do you educate patients about LDL, cholesterol, and its relationship with dairy?
What are some of the nutritional benefits of dairy?
Should we be recommending that people replace cow milk with a plant-based alternative?
There’s a lot of talk of dairy causing inflammation. Is this true?
Best ways to incorporate dairy, consider alternatives to prevent over-consumption, and also sneak it in recipes.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

The Role of Saturated Fats in Dairy & Dairy Alternatives and Their Impact

Guest: Richard S. Bruno, Ph.D., RD.

Host: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D.

The role of dairy foods—particularly full-fat varieties—in a healthy dietary pattern has been a subject of controversy for decades. Health recommendations have traditionally emphasized non-fat and low-fat dairy options to minimize energy (calorie) and saturated fat intake.

Topics Discussed:

The challenges inherent in conducting food-based research.
The controversial history of research on dairy foods.
Emerging paradigm shifts in scientific evidence supporting the health benefits of dairy foods, including full-fat varieties.
Practical considerations for incorporating this nutrient-rich, low-cost food matrix into a healthy dietary pattern to promote cardiometabolic health.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Antiplatelets After Stenting

Guest: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

In this podcast, we discuss the rationale for shortening the duration of dual antiplatelet therapy after coronary stenting and continuing P2Y12 inhibitor in preference to continuing aspirin as monotherapy. With this approach, the risk of significant bleeding is reduced significantly and with no corresponding increase in ischemic or thrombotic events. This strategy is particularly attractive for patients who are considered to be at high-risk of bleeding or who suffer an actionable bleed. A P2Y12 inhibitor appears to more efficacious for long term secondary prevention than aspirin.

Topics Discussed:

Changes in the use of dual antiplatelet therapy for patients undergoing coronary stenting.
Short DAPT and dropping the aspirin.
Patient population ideal for monotherapy with a P2Y12 inhibitor.
What do you do after 6 or 12 months of monotherapy – continue, or switch back to aspirin?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Introduction to Dairy and Cardiovascular Health & The Science Behind Dairy and Heart Health

Guest: Maya Vadiveloo, Ph.D., RD.

Host: Kyla Lara-Breitinger, M.D.

After this podcast, listeners will understand the rationale behind low-fat dairy guidance. They will also learn about the benefits of dairy products, how to incorporate dairy if lactose intolerant, and what to look for in dairy-based alternatives. Finally, listeners will learn practical suggestions for incorporating dairy products into their diets.

Topics Discussed:

What’s the reason/reasons behind low-fat/fat-free dairy advice?
How can people who are lactose intolerant incorporate more dairy? Are dairy-based alternatives the same?
How much dairy should people consume? What ways can it be incorporated healthfully?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Modeling Disease Pathways Through Ventricular Depolarization

Guest: Peter van Dam, PhD

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, MD

Detection of disease progression is hampered due to the large variation in normal QRS morphologies, even for the ECG expert. Cardiac modeling techniques can improve the interpretation and diagnostic value of the ECG by visualizing relevant QRS deviations. Comparing the QRS waveforms and electrical pathway in genetical patients to normal controls shows that even small changes in the QRS can be detected in patients with a genetical disease, like Brugada or ACM.

Topics Discussed:

What is the PathECG?
How do you compare PathECG to normal ECG waveform?
What can the PathECG add to the ECG?
Could PathECG improve the quality of the ECG diagnosis?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Role of Denervation for Hypertension Management

Guest: Sanjay Misra, M.D.

Host: Paul Friedman, M.D.

In this podcast, the listener will learn more what renal denervation is, the mechanism by which it works, how the procedure is performed, and expected outcomes for patients.

Topics Discussed:

Ideal candidate and work up of the patient for renal denervation.
Describe the procedure, as well as the risks and benefits.
Follow up for patients after the procedure.
Anticipated outcomes.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Chronic Thrombo-Embolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Guest: Robert P. Frantz, M.D.

Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

In this episode, the experts discuss chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension. Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension results from unresolved emboli in the lungs, causing increased resistance, right heart strain, and shortness of breath. Listeners will learn more about three different treatments available, including surgery, balloons, and medication.

Topics Discussed:

What is chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension?
What are the surgical treatments of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension?
Are there other treatments available?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Arrhythmias in Pregnancy

Guest: Katie A. Young, M.D.

Guest: Abhishek J. Deshmukh, M.B.B.S.

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

This episode dives into the complex and fascinating world of arrhythmia management during pregnancy, exploring how unique physiological changes can increase arrhythmia risk and impact treatment approaches. We’ll discuss common and high-risk arrhythmias, management strategies and the importance of a collaborative care approach involving specialists across disciplines.

Topics Discussed:

Identify the primary risk factors and physiological changes that contribute to arrhythmias in pregnant patients.
Describe evidence-based management strategies for common and high-risk arrhythmias during pregnancy, including considerations for medication and procedural interventions.
Recognize the role of interdisciplinary care in managing arrhythmias in pregnancy to ensure optimal maternal and fetal outcomes.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

AI ECG Updates

Guest: Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, M.D., M.S.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

There have been many recent developments regarding AI-ECG, with some algorithms able to identify common and very relevant medical conditions like CAD and diastolic disfunction. There are major limitations implementing AI-ECG, including regulatory, technical and clinician-related. Algorithms meant to detect rare diseases, when used indiscriminately, may lead to many false positive results. The future of AI-ECG is optimizing its implementation through seamless integration in workflows, use of point of care or wearables getting ECG signals, and using multimodality AI, where AI-ECG would be just one of several signals used to detect cardiac and non-cardiac conditions, aging, and to predict cardiovascular events.

Topics Discussed:

What is new on AI ECG these days? What new algorithms have been developed that you see may change clinical practice in the future? (although structured as 2 questions, its actually one)
What are the major limitations using AI-ECG in clinical practice?
What do you think is the future of AI-ECG?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Optimal Medical Therapy in Peripheral Artery Disease

Guest: Stan Henkin, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Atherosclerosis of peripheral (ie, non-coronary) arteries, also known as peripheral artery disease (PAD), affects more than 8 million Americans. Unfortunately, compared to coronary artery disease (CAD), PAD is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. In this podcast, experts discuss optimal medical therapy in patients with PAD.

Topics Discussed:

What is peripheral artery disease? What are the most common symptoms of PAD?
You diagnose PAD. What pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic therapies do you consider?
How do you follow-up a patient with PAD?
When should a patient be referred to a vascular specialist?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Dyspnea After Pulmonary Embolism: Optimal Medical Therapy in Peripheral Vascular Disease

Guest: Stan Henkin, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Historically, majority of clinical and research focus has been on acute management of pulmonary embolism (PE). However, long-standing functional impairment after PE is common, occurring in up to 50% of individuals with history of PE. This is termed post-PE syndrome – an underrecognized, underdiagnosed, and undertreated entity. In this podcast, experts discuss epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of post-PE syndrome.

Topics Discussed:

What is Post-PE syndrome? How common is it?
What is your suggested work-up of patient who presents with dyspnea after PE?
When should a patient be referred to a tertiary/expert center?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

MINOCA: Myocardial Infarction with Non-Obstructive Coronary Arteries

Guest: Claire E. Raphael, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

MINOCA is a myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary artery disease. This podcast will discuss the underlying causes of MINOCA, how to and who to investigate and discuss contemporary management strategies.

Topics Discussed:

What is MINOCA?
What testing should I consider in patients with MINOCA
How are these patients treated?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

An AI-ECG Algorithm for Left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction

Guest: Jae Oh, M.D.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

Diastolic function assessment is crucial in diagnosing, managing, and predicting outcomes in various cardiac conditions. It provides insight into heart health, particularly in diagnosing heart failure. Shortness of breath, a common patient complaint, often indicates elevated diastolic filling pressure if linked to a cardiac condition. Echocardiography is the primary method for assessing diastolic function, but it is operator-dependent and not always available. In contrast, ECGs are standardized and widely accessible. Although subtle changes in ECGs are not easily detectable by the human eye, artificial intelligence can identify specific conditions reflected in the ECG. By training an AI model with labeled ECGs based on diastolic function determined through echocardiography, researchers achieved high accuracy in detecting diastolic dysfunction. AI-enhanced ECGs can significantly impact the identification of both asymptomatic and symptomatic cardiac conditions, potentially streamlining diagnostic strategies and reducing costs. Future developments may enable patients to monitor their heart health using simple wearable devices, enhancing the management of heart failure and other conditions.

Topics Discussed:

Your special clinical academic interest is echocardiography. Why are you interested in ECG AI in diastolic function?
What is diastolic function and why is it important to assess diastolic function in clinical practice?
Why did you decide to create AI-ECG for diastolic function assessment?
What did you find and how do you envision AI ECG for diastolic function be used in clinical practice?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Novel Mitral Therapies

Guest: Arman Arghami, M.D., M.P.H.

Guest: Mayra Guerrero, M.D.

Host: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

And the end of this podcast, the listener should understand how to identify new minimally invasive procedures to treat patients with mitral valve disease, delineate the difference between minimally invasive surgery versus percutaneous transcatheter interventions for mitral valve disease, and recognize when to refer patients for mitral valve interventions.

Topics Discussed:

What are the minimally invasive intervention options to treat patient with mitral valve disease?
Which are the patients who benefit from less invasive procedures?
How and when to refer a patient for mitral valve intervention?
If a patient had prior mitral valve surgery (repair or replacement) and has recurrent mitral valve disease, is redo mitral surgery always needed? Or can a patient with prior surgery be treated with a transcatheter mitral valve repair or replacement, avoiding the need for repeat surgery?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Myocarditis - Presentation and Recent Advances

Guest: Drew Rosenbaum, M.D.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

Through this podcast, listeners should understand how myocarditis manifests, both in the hospitalized patients as well as in clinical practice in order to facilitate recognition of the disease to initiate the appropriate work and achieve a diagnosis. The treatment strategies depend highly on the underlying condition. Although current strategies for treatment are evolving, a conceptual framework for which patients may benefit from anti-inflammatory therapies and which may not is critical to appropriate select therapies for patients affected by myocarditis.

Topics Discussed:

What is the spectrum of manifestations of myocarditis?
How do you diagnose myocarditis?
How is myocarditis treated and what is on the horizon for myocarditis?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Valve Disease in Pregnancy

Guest: Katie Young, M.D.

Hosts: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

In this podcast we will review the medical management of native valvular heart disease in pregnancy, highlighting the importance of specialized care through a Pregnancy Heart Team approach.

Topics Discussed:

What are the anticipated physiologic changes of pregnancy and their importance to individuals with valvular heart disease?
What are the highest risk valvular lesions for pregnancy?
Can you discuss general medical management recommendations for those with stenotic lesions in pregnancy?
Are regurgitant valve lesions always well tolerated in pregnancy?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Cardioneural ablation for atrial fibrillation: Indications and rationale

Guest: Guru G. Kowlgi, M.B.B.S.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

The learners will get an overview of how high a vagal tone can contribute to atrial fibrillation. In addition, they will gain an understanding of cardioneural ablation, which is a promising new catheter ablation treatment option for these patients.

Topics Discussed

How does high vagal tone contribute to atrial fibrillation
What subset of patients with atrial fibrillation can benefit from cardioneural ablation
What studies have been performed in this field, and what does the future of Afib ablation look like?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Interventional Management of Acute Pulmonary Embolism

Guest: Arashk Motiei, M.D.

Hosts: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

We will discuss the can temporary interventional management of patients with massive acute pulmonary embolism and intermediate high-risk acute pulmonary embolism.

Topics Discussed:

Who are the patients with pulmonary embolism who need to be considered for interventional treatment?
What do we know about risk assessment in patients with intermediate high-risk pulmonary embolism?
What are the types of interventional treatments that are currently available?
Systemic thrombolysis is often used for the management of acute pulmonary embolism. Is there any role for this with the availability of interventional approaches?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Cardiac Amyloidosis: No Longer Rare and Untreatable!

Guest: Omar F. Abou Ezzeddine, M.D., M.S.

Hosts: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM), once considered rare, is more prevalent than previously thought. Diagnosing ATTR-CM is particularly important because there are now highly effective, specific therapies for ATTR-CM. In this podcast, we will provide a contemporary review of the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to patients with ATTR-CM in the current era.

Topics Discussed:

When to suspect the disease & who to screen for ATTR-CM?
How to diagnose and prognosticate ATTR-CM in the current era?
Provide an overview of current and emerging therapies for managing ATTR-CM.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

IV Agents to Improve Echo Images, Value, and Safe Administration

Guest: Jeremy Thaden, M.D.

Guest: Mays Ali, M.D.

Hosts: Kyle Klarich, M.D.

In this podcast we will review current and evolving indications for UEA use in the clinical and research setting. They will review Mayo Clinic’s practice for UEA administration, commonly encountered UEA side-effects, and appropriate management strategies.

Topics Discussed:

What are the indications to use ultrasound enhancement agent (UEA) in your clinical practice and how are they useful?
Who administers the UEA in your clinical practice?
Are there potential side effects of UEA that one should be aware of?
What is the appropriate management of side effects and how does the echo lab manage them when they arise?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Cardioneural Ablation - A Promising Treatment Strategy for Refractory Vasovagal Syncope

Guest: Guru G. Kowlgi, M.B.B.S.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

The learners will get an overview of how to diagnose and manage vasovagal syncope. In addition, they will gain an understanding of cardioneural ablation, which is a promising new catheter ablation treatment option for these patients.

Topics Discussed

What is vasovagal syncope (VVS)?
How do we diagnose vasovagal syncope?
What are some treatment strategies for VVS (including a discussion on cardioneural ablation and the use of pacemakers)?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Pre-Pregnancy Risk Assessment for CV Patients

Guest: Katie A. Young, M.D.

Hosts: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

In this podcast we will review the importance of specialized care in Cardiovascular Obstetrics and the role of the Pregnancy Heart Team in pregnancy risk assessment and pre-conception counseling.

Topics Discussed:

With maternal mortality rates being 2 fold higher in the US compared to other developed countries, how can we work to decrease maternal mortality rates?
How can we best estimate maternal cardiovascular and obstetric risks?
Who should be counseled against pursuing pregnancy?
What other testing do we consider as important components of the pre-conception evaluation?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Cardio-oncology: What is the Big Picture, What Drugs to Use, and What Tests to Follow

Guest: Chadi Ayoub, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Hosts: Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D.

In this podcast, we will describe more frequent cardiotoxic effects associated with cancer therapies. Identify imaging modalities that can be used to detect and evaluate cardiotoxicity and common adverse cardiac events associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors. As well review currently available treatment options to address cardiovascular toxicity.

Topics Discussed:

What are the main chemotherapy agents that cause cardiotoxicity?What testing can be done to screen for and diagnose cardiotoxicity, and when should it be done?
What can be done to address cardio-toxicity when it arises? What treatments are available, and how can we minimize interruptions to cancer therapy?
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has revolutionized the care of some cancers, what cardiac toxicities are there and what have we learned about them from study of our patients?
How does radiation therapy affect the heart, and what can be done to minimize this?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Clinical Quantification of Myocardial Blood Flow Using PET

Guest: Panithaya Chareonthaitawee, M.D.

Hosts: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

In this podcast, we will describe the clinical applications of PET MBF quantitation and discuss the strengths and limitations of PET MBF quantification.

Topics Discussed:

Why has PET myocardial perfusion imaging seen such growth?
You mentioned the ability of PET to measure myocardial blood flow. Why is this crucial?
So, should myocardial blood flow measurement be standard in all PET MPI studies? Does it require special equipment or extra time?
Are there specific values to remember for PET flow quantification?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

3D Visualization of the Heart in Immersive Technology Like Mixed Reality

Guest: Dr. Klaudia Proniewska

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

The most commonly applied way of teaching students the foundations of human anatomy and physiology involves textbooks and lectures. This method of transmitting knowledge causes difficulties for students, especially in the context of three-dimensional imaging of organ structures, and as a consequence, translates into difficulties with imagining them. Even with the rapid uptake of knowledge dissemination provided by online materials, including courses and webinars, there is a clear need for learning programs featuring first-hand immersive experiences tailored to individual study paces. In my research, I present an approach to enhance a classical study program by combining multi-modality data and representing them in a Mixed Reality (MR)-based environment. The advantages of the proposed approach have been proven by the conducted investigation of the relationship between heart anatomy, its electrophysiological characteristics, and resulting wave morphology on the electrocardiogram (ECG). Another part of the research focuses on the role of the anatomy of the heart, e.g., the sinoatrial node, in ECG formation, while the MR-based visualization of combined imaging data with non-invasive CineECG (by Peter van Dam) imaging demonstrates the educational application of these advanced technologies for teaching cardiac anatomy and ECG correlations.

Topics Discussed

Can you explain why three-dimensional structures are important to teach electrophysiology of the heart?
How does the electrocardiogram (ECG) relate to heart anatomy, and why is this relationship fundamental in understanding cardiac electrophysiology? Give an example.
Have you implemented any innovative teaching methods or technologies to enhance the learning experience in cardiac anatomy and electrophysiology? If so, can you describe their impact?
In your experience, what are the most effective ways to convey complex 3D structures and dynamic processes in cardiac anatomy and electrophysiology to students or professionals?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Marfan Surgery

Guest: Alberto Pochettino, M.D.

Hosts: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

Marfan syndrome is a genetic abnormality where the fibrillin protein is abnormal. That affects all collagen structures within a given individual. Phenotypic features involve ocular abnormalities such as lens dislocation and a higher risk of retinal detachment, as well as diffuse musculoskeletal abnormalities such as scoliosis, joints abnormalities, and the diffuse hyper extension of all joints. By far the most life-threatening feature in Marfan syndrome is aortic abnormality.Topics Discussed:

Which patients with Marfan syndrome should be evaluated for aortic disease?
Do all Marfan patients develop aortic aneurysm?
What other cardiovascular abnormalities are noted in Marfan syndrome?
What preventive operations are available, and what are the expected outcomes from such operations?
If a Marfan patient develops a type B dissection what is the appropriate management?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and CV Risk

Guest: Thais D. Coutinho, M.D.

Hosts: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are common and are associated with a significant increase in the risk of future cardiovascular diseases. Despite the well-established statistics, this increase in risk is not well recognized by patients or healthcare providers. The objectives of this podcast are to highlight the cardiovascular risks associated with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, describe strategies to identify and mitigate this risk, and identify knowledge gaps and research opportunities in the field.

Topics Discussed:

Can you explain what are the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy?
After a woman is diagnosed with a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, what are the cardiovascular consequences?
How should clinicians approach a patient with history of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy, in order to understand and minimize their cardiovascular risk?
Tell us about some of your research in this field.
What are the major needs for new research and clinical translation in this field?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Genomics in Inflammatory Cardiomyopathies

Guest: Naveen L. Pereira, M.D.

Hosts: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D

Patients with heart failure and ventricular arrhythmias can have inflammatory heart disease such as myocarditis or sarcoidosis. The diagnosis is typically made by imaging studies including cardiac MRI and PET scans. However, it is critical to performed genetic testing in such patients given that genetic cardiomyopathy can often present as an inflammatory heart disease phenotype which may have important prognostic and therapeutic implications.

Topics Discussed:

How do inflammatory cardiomyopathies typically present? When do you suspect inflammation as a cause of cardiomyopathy?
How is the diagnosis typically made and is there a role for endomyocardial biopsy?
Why is genetic testing important once a diagnosis of an inflammatory cardiomyopathy is made?If the genetic test is positive in these patients what the clinical implications?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Understanding ECG Waveforms: Normal vs. Abnormal

Guest: Dr. Peter van Dam

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

The ECG interpretation is majorly driven by event detection, i.e. QRS onset and end, QT time, P wave etc. From these we can determine the normal heart rhythm, and some performance measures, like heart rate etc. The ECG waveforms, however, are much less understood. This is a pity, as ECG waveforms, provide instantaneous information on the electrophysiological and structural function of the heart. In this respect it is interesting to know if there is something like a normal ECG waveform or normal PathECG (CineECG). This latter technique is a vector-based method to estimate the electrical position of a moving vector within the heart. Similar normal distributions can be created to compare to the normal ECGs.

Topics Discussed* How can we define a normal ECG waveform? (ECGs from healthy normal people for different age groups, I used about 6000 normal ECGs, correction for heart rate by resampling to standard QT time (400 ms for instance, these ECGs can be used to create a distribution of amplitudes and derived signals (CineECG) to compare an ECG too) * What is needed for an accurate waveform comparison? (Good baseline correction, not filtering, but baseline correction) What is the onset and end of the P-wave, QRS and T wave?) * Are normal ECGs waveforms different from abnormal ECG waveforms? (Of course they overlap, describe left bundle branch block, or ischemia, with long QRS or deviating ST segment ) * Did you use this method to classify ECGs as normal or abnormal? (results from our study (manuscript in preparation) that any QRST sequence in an ECG can be classified as abnormal with an accuracy (AUC) of more than 81%. In our study population 15% of the patients had only atrial related abnormal ECGS)

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recurrent Pericarditis: when is surgical pericardiectomy indicated

Guest: Kevin L. Greason, M.D.

Hosts: S. Allen Luis, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Upon completion of this podcast, the reviewer will understand that pericardiectomy is an important treatment option for patients with recurrent pericarditis, particularly where refractory to medical therapy. The outcomes of surgery are good with low morbidity and reduction of recurrent pericarditis episodes.

Topics Discussed:

Which recurrent pericarditis patients should have pericardiectomy and How effective is it?
What are outcomes like after cardiac surgery in terms of efficacy and adverse outcomes?
Important surgical considerations when performing pericardiectomy and how do you do it.
The impact of peri-procedural immunosuppression on post-surgical outcomes.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Surgical Pericardiectomy for Constrictive Pericarditis

Guest: Kevin L. Greason, M.D.

Hosts: S. Allen Luis, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Upon completion of this podcast, the reviewer will understand that pericardiectomy is an important treatment option for patients with constrictive pericarditis. Extensive and complete pericardial resection is important to ensure good surgical outcomes and resolution of heart failure.

Topics Discussed:

When is a pericardiectomy indicated?
What are the different types of pericardiectomy?
What are the most common complications related to pericardiectomy?
What happens after a pericardiectomy?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Cardiogenic Shock Recognition

Guest: Jacob C. Jentzer, M.D.

Hosts: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

Cardiogenic shock is a major cause of death and disability for patients with acute cardiac disease. Early recognition of cardiogenic shock is essential to allow timely intervention to avoid complications. Contemporary research and evolving definitions can facilitate the recognition of subtle manifestations of cardiogenic shock with the goal of improving patient outcomes.

Topics Discussed:

What are the common manifestations of cardiogenic shock that can enable early recognition?
Can patients meet criteria for cardiogenic shock even if they are normotensive?
How have research efforts at Mayo Clinic contributed to understanding the recognition of cardiogenic shock?
Are there any systems at Mayo Clinic to facilitate early recognition of cardiogenic shock?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Embracing the Future: The Rise of E-Learning in Healthcare

Guest: Nandan S. Anavekar, M.B., B.Ch.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

This episode delves into the dynamic world of online learning for healthcare professionals, discussing the advantages of accessibility and flexibility, but also raises concerns about the lack of teacher interaction and robust outcome studies. While the future holds promise, online learning should be seen as a valuable complement, not a replacement, for traditional methods.

Topics Discussed* Describe the current landscape of electronic learning environments for healthcare professionals and how they compare to traditional classroom settings. * What are the primary advantages of utilizing electronic learning environments for healthcare education, particularly in terms of accessibility and flexibility? * What are some of the most significant challenges and limitations associated with electronic learning for healthcare professionals, and how can these be addressed? * How does electronic learning affect the learning outcomes and competence of healthcare professionals compared to traditional educational methods? * In what ways have technological advancements transformed electronic learning platforms for healthcare education, and what future innovations do you foresee?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Chronic Limb Threatening Ischemia

Guest: Arashk Motiei, M.D.

Hosts: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

Chronic limb threatening ischemia is a common problem associated with a high morbidity and mortality. Patients need aggressive multidisciplinary evaluation and treatment to reduce the risk of limb loss and associated cardiovascular risk.

Topics Discussed:

What are the key clinical manifestations of chronic limb threatening ischemia?
What is the risk of limb loss and mortality in patients with chronic limb threatening ischemia?
What are some diagnostic tests and what are the pitfalls of these tests?
Can you give us a broad overview of revascularization for these patients?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

ECMO - Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation

Guest: Philip J. Spencer, M.D.

Hosts: Malcolm Bell, M.D.

Extracorporeal Membranous Oxygenation is a mechanical life support used for severe heart, lung or heart and lung failure. Over the last decade it has grown massively in use to help us support our most ill patients to destination therapy or recovery.

Topics Discussed:

Can you describe some of the history of ECMO to explain how we got to present day use?
Please describe some key differences in venoarterial and venovenous ECMO? What makes them different from a technical standpoint and how are they used differently for our patients?
There has been some controversy recently as to the use of ECMO and survival. Can you describe where this controversy is coming from and how we think ECMO can really make a difference in survival for patients?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Lung Transplant

Guest: Philip J. Spencer, M.D.

Hosts: Malcom Bell, M.D.

Lung transplant has evolved over the last 4 decades to be come the only “durable” treatment for end stage lung failure and pulmonary hypertension. Long-term survival remains a challenge however is improving with time while the severity of illness we can treat continues to expand

Topics Discussed:

What patients are we currently treating with lung transplantation and how has this changed over time.
What tools have evolved over the last 10-15 years that have increased our ability to expand lung transplantation to older and more severely ill patients?
What areas do you see as a focus for improvement in the next decade in the field of lung transplantation?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

All About Comparison ECGs for 12-Leads and Arrhythmias

Guest: Ken Grauer, M.D.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In this episode, we explore the importance of clinically correlated ECGs, including the optimal techniques for ECG comparison, the role of clinical history in this process, and the applications of comparison tracings for cardiac arrhythmias.

Topics Discussed* What can we learn from clinically correlated Comparison of ECGs? * What is the optimal technique for comparing one tracing with another

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Advances in Understanding Bicuspid Aortic Valve

Guest: Hector I. Michelena, M.D.

Hosts: Patricia A. Pellikka, M.D.

The congenital bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) is the most common congenital heart defect, affecting 1% of the population (2% in men and 0.5% women), with men to women ratio of 2:1 to 3:1, and it is characterized by heterogeneity of phenotypic expression and outcomes.

Topics Discussed:

What is bicuspid aortic valve and why is it important?
What is meant by saying that it is a heterogeneous disease?
What is the natural history of the disease?
What are the differences between BAV AS and TAV AS? What about BAV AR and TAV AR?
Are there sex differences in BAV disease?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

ICI Myocarditis

Guest: Joerg Herrmann, M.D.

Hosts: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

At the end of this recording, the listener will have an understanding of the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and their cardiovascular side effects, which include myocarditis, heart failure, and acute coronary events. Challenges in diagnosis and treatment of these cardiovascular events will be discussed.

Topics Discussed:

What are immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and for which diseases are they used?
What are the most common side effects of ICIs to be aware of, especially cardiovascular side effects for our audience?
How do you diagnose ICI myocarditis? What are the caveats?
How do you treat ICI myocarditis? Can you resume ICI therapy once resolved?
What about other CV side effects with ICI therapy? Easy to recognize, easy to manage?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

How Can Genetics Help in the Management of Heart Failure?

Guest: Naveen L. Pereira, M.D.

Hosts: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

Cardiomyopathy is an important cause of heart failure and can be inherited or have a genetic basis. Identifying a genetic cause for cardiomyopathy not only provides a molecular diagnosis of the disease but holds significant importance in screening family members enabling early identification of disease, providing prognostic information to the patient and increasingly offers the opportunity for therapy that is genetic based. Understanding the genetics of cardiomyopathy also helps identify new pathophysiologic mechanisms of disease that may help in the development of new therapeutic targets.

Topics Discussed:

Genetic Testing as a tool to determine inherited cardiomyopathy
The yield of genetic testing for cardiomyopathy
What results can be expected after genetic testing is performed?
Can genetics provide new insight into the pathophysiology of disease, specifically cardiomyopathies?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

TRIO Score and Choosing Patients Most Likely to Benefit From Tricuspid Valve Intervention

Guest: Sorin V. Pislaru, M.D., Ph.D.

Hosts: Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D.

Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR) is an extraordinarily heterogeneous, highly prevalent valvular heart disease. Given the tremendous variability, individualizing risk in patients with TR to guide appropriate therapy will be explored. Other topics discussed will be the use of TRIO scores, GDMT as a first line in therapy, as well as when to consider surgery or percutaneous interventions.

Topics Discussed:

Is TR a relevant valvular heart disease?
Why the need for a risk score?
So what is the TRIO score
What else did you learn from the score?
The future?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Deep-Learning Models for the Prognostication and Localization of Premature Ventricular Contractions Using a 12-Lead Electrocardiogram

Guest: Guru G. Kowlgi, M.B.B.S.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In this episode, learners will understand what premature ventricular contractions are. They will learn to differentiate benign rom malignant PVCs, and understand which patients are at risk for PVC-cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, they will gain knowledge about the traditional and novel tools for risk-stratifying patients with PVCs, and how we manage these patients.

Topics Discussed* What are PVCs and what are their clinical implications? * When should we be concerned about a patient with PVCs? * What are some of the tools we have to detect and localize high risk PVCs? How does AI help in this regard? * What are the available treatment modalities for managing PVCs?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

How to Integrate NON-Statin Therapy in Your Practice. Updates from the Latest 2022 LDL-Cholesterol Lowering Guidelines

Guest: Regis I. Fernandes, M.D.

Hosts: Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D.

Since the last ACC/AHA cholesterol guidelines in 2018, the FDA has approved new non-statin cholesterol medications, which have increased our ability to provide a broader range of lipid-lowering drugs. In this podcast, we will discuss the new 2022 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on the role of non-statin therapies for LDL lowering in managing atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk. We will review these new drugs and discuss which ones to consider, when, and in what order.

Topics Discussed:

What are these new FDA-approved nonstatin drugs for lipid-lowering?
To whom and when non-statins should be considered?
Are there new LDL targets or thresholds for certain patients?
What are the new guideline recommendations for patients with statin intolerance?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Lifetime Strategy in the Management of Aortic Stenosis

Guest: Mackram F. Eleid, M.D. and Kevin L. Greason, M.D.

Hosts: Patricia A. Pellikka, M.D.

This topic will discuss advances in the treatment of aortic stenosis, particularly with transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Strategies to manage aortic valve disease over a patient’s lifespan will be discussed, including topics of valve in valve, choice of prosthesis type, and commissural alignment.

Topics Discussed:

How has treatment of aortic stenosis changed in the last 10 years?
What are some of the challenging decisions physicians and patients make when deciding about treatment of aortic stenosis?
Explain the concept of commisural alignment - how important is it?
What is the longevity of TAVR valves and what treatments are available if they fail?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Reop Sternotomy - How Many is too Many?

Guest: Joseph A. Dearani, M.D. and Elizabeth H. Stephens, M.D., Ph.D.

Hosts: Patricia A. Pellikka, M.D.

Reoperations are inevitable for many structural heart lesions, and in some cases, it may be multiple reoperations over a lifetime. Current techniques in perioperative imaging and contemporary surgical techniques make cardiac reoperations safe in most circumstances. Lifelong surveillance with a heart team approach of both cardiology and cardiac surgery is the optimal strategy to determine the proper timing of reoperation to achieve a good outcome.

Topics Discussed:

How many reoperations can a patient have?
What are the most common reasons for the need for reoperation?
Is it true that the risk of reoperation is often the same as a first-time operation?
What matters most with patient selection for reoperation?
Can a minimally invasive approach be applied at a reoperation?
Is the length of hospital stay and postoperative recovery different with reoperation?
Do all surgeons do cardiac reoperations?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Computerized ECG Interpretations and AI in 2024

Guest: Dr. Ken Grauer

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In this episode, we explore the exciting and evolving world of computerized ECG interpretation, including its optimal use, its impact on medical practice, and the evolving role of AI in this field.

Topics Discussed* When did you first become interested in Computerized Interpretation of ECGs? * Is the Computerized Interpretation of ECGs a "GOOD" or "BAD" thing? * How are current developments in AI changing the way we use computer applications to assist in the interpretation of ECGs? * Should the clinician ever look at the AI interpretation before they make their own initial impression? * Will there ever be an AI application able to assess complex arrhythmias?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Contemporary Management Strategies in Recurrent Pericarditis

Guest: S. Allen Luis, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Hosts: Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D.

To discuss contemporary management strategies in recurrent pericarditis, including indications and limitations of IL-1 receptor blocker therapy. To understand the role of radiac surgical pericardiectomy in the treatment of patients with recurrent pericarditis.

Topics Discussed:

What approach do you take in patients presenting with recurrent pericarditis?
What are the limitations of IL-1 receptor blocker therapy in treating patients with recurrent pericarditis?
When should you consider surgery for patients with recurrent pericarditis?
How do you choose who to refer patients to for radiac surgical pericardiectomy?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

The Role of Multimodality Imaging for Pericarditis

Guest: Prajwal (Praj) Reddy, MD

Hosts: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Imaging can play a crucial role in diagnosis and management of pericarditis, particularly if recurrent. Echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography (CCT), and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) offer complimentary evaluation of pericardial disease in its various presentations. In this podcast, we review the characteristic signs and features on multi-modality imaging in patients with acute and recurrent pericardial inflammation and its utility in tailoring therapy.

Topics Discussed:

What is the role of imaging in the initial diagnosis of pericarditis?
How is multi-modality cardiac imaging utilized in recurrent pericarditis?
Follow up question to the above: Is serial imaging with cardiac MRI helpful in treatment of recurrent pericarditis?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Tricuspid Valve Repair (congenital and acquired)

Guest: Joseph A. Dearani, M.D.

Hosts: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

Tricuspid regurgitation is being recognized with increased frequency in the current era. The etiology ranges from congenital anomalies and acquired diseases. The most common causes are typically functional tricuspid regurgitation secondary to left-sided heart disease, atrial fibrillation with right heart dilatation, and pacemaker/ICD lead-induced.

Topics Discussed:

Most common causes of tricuspid regurgitation (acquired and congenital)
Is the risk of tricuspid valve surgery high?
Which is more common: isolated tricuspid valve surgery vs concomitant tricuspid valve surgery?
Are there minimally invasive approaches to tricuspid valve operation?
Do all surgeons perform tricuspid valve repair?
What are the most common concomitant procedures with tricuspid valve surgery? (maze, LA appendage closure, etc.)
Is pulmonary hypertension a contraindication to tricuspid valve surgery?
Does liver dysfunction improve following tricuspid valve surgery.
What is the role of percutaneous therapy for tricuspid valve disease?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Rhythms of Change: Shaping the Next Wave in Mayo Clinic’s ECG Lab

Guest: Abhishek J. Deshmukh, M.B.B.S.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In this episode, we delve into the heart of electrocardiographic innovation with the new leader of Mayo Clinic's ECG lab, Dr. Abhishek Deshmukh. We explore his personal journey in the field, his vision for mentorship and education, and his strategic plans and goals for interdisciplinary collaboration to advance patient care.

Topics Discussed* Dr. Deshmukh's journey in electrocardiography and what drove him to specialize in this field * How to enhance the ECG lab’s legacy of education and mentorship * Strategies for integrating the ECG lab with other departments to elevate cardiac care * Milestones and breakthroughs to aim to achieve with the ECG lab

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Managing Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Guest: Barry A. Borlaug, M.D.

Hosts: Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D.

Over one-half of patients with heart failure have HFpEF, but historically there have been few treatment options. Recent studies over the past few years have changed this.

Topics Discussed:

The traditional approach to treatment of HFpEF
What do we have now to offer, and what is the evidence of efficacy and safety?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Mitral Valve Repair and Replacement in the Cath Lab – The Future is Now

Guest: Mayra Guerrero, M.D.

Hosts: Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D.

To describe transcatheter mitral intervention options available in contemporary practice including repair or replacement, the evaluation process and when to refer a patient.

Topics Discussed:

Types of percutaneous transcatheter interventions available for mitral stenosis and/or regurgitation
Patients who should be considered for transcatheter mitral valve repair versus mitral valve replacement
Recovery time for transcatheter repair or replacement
Whether patients need to receive long term anticoagulation after TMVR
How long does ht process of evaluation take for a patient to undergo TMVR?
When to refer a patient for Transcatheter mitral repair or replacement

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Ross Procedure (from baby to adult)

Guest: Joseph A. Dearani, M.D.

Hosts: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

The Ross procedure involves placement of the patient’s pulmonary valve in the aortic position and replacement of the pulmonary valve with a pulmonary homograft. The Ross procedure has been the operation of choice for aortic valve disease in children. There is increasing evidence in the literature now that it is also becoming the operation of choice in young and middle-aged adults where numerous reports document a clear survival advantage. The procedure is performed by selected congenital or adult cardiac surgeons with an interest in the procedure. In an otherwise healthy adult, 50 years of age or less, without co-morbidities or with an interest in physical activity, the Ross procedure should be strongly considered. Adult cardiologists should be aware of these well-documented advantages in the current TAVR era.

Topics Discussed:

Brief explanation of the operation
Main advantages of the Ross procedure
The place of the Ross operation in the era of TAVR

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Assessing Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

Guest: Barry A. Borlaug, M.D.

Hosts: Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D.

Over half of people with heart failure have a preserved ejection fraction (ie. HFpEF), but diagnosis is challenging, and the disorder remains severely underrecognized in clinical practice, especially among women and among patients living with obesity.

Topics Discussed:

Tests that should be used
When a cardiology consultation is needed
The gold standard testing that can be used to make the diagnosis

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

ECG Errors that Lead to Missing Acute Coronary Occlusion

Guest: Dr. Ken Grauer

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In this episode, we highlight key aspects of 12-lead ECG interpretation, as it relates to the diagnosis of acute ischemia, and especially to acute coronary occlusion. We convey the concept of occlusion myocardial infarction (OMI), emphasizing appreciation of how the STEMI paradigm misses at least 30% of acute coronary occlusions that can be picked up by using the OMI paradigm. Furthermore, we cite ECG findings that facilitate early identification of an acute OMI and applying a time-efficient technique for how to compare one ECG to another and how artificial intelligence may play a role in this space.

Topics Discussed* Key initiatives or approaches to introduce in the ECG lab * Strategy for integrating the ECG lab with other departments to elevate cardiac care * Milestones and breakthroughs aimed to achieve with the ECG lab

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Left Atrial Appendage Occlusion or Anticoagulation for Stroke Prevention in A Fib

Guest: Mohamad Adnan (Mohamad) Alkhouli, M.D.

Hosts: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

In this podcast, we will discuss LAAO as an emerging method to reduce stroke risk in patients with atrial fibrillation. We will talk about the current advances and the remaining questions in the LAAO space.

Topics Discussed:

Atrial fibrillation and blood thinners
What is LAAO?
LAAO vs. anticoagulation

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Obesity and Weight Loss in End Stage Heart Failure

Guest: Adrian daSilva-deAbreu, M.D., Ph.D.(c), M.Sc.

Hosts: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

This podcast discusses emerging concepts in the management of tricuspid regurgitation and novel transcatheter therapies for tricuspid regurgitation.

Topics Discussed:

Obesity and advanced heart failure
LVAD implantation and outcomes
Heart transplant and outcomes

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Clinical Utility of Coronary Calcium Score. A Guide for Practitioners

Guest: Regis I. Fernandes, M.D.

Hosts: Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D.

The coronary calcium score is becoming a critical risk assessment tool to stratify global ASCVD risk better. The incidental coronary calcium score finding in noncardiac CTs also provides opportunities for risk stratification but challenges in uncharted territory. What is the ideal patient for a coronary calcium score? Who is not a perfect candidate for coronary calcium score, when should it be repeated, etc., are all essential contemporary questions in preventive Cardiology. This podcast will cover the most recent recommendations for coronary calcium scores from various societies and the most common questions from patients and providers regarding the topic.

Topics Discussed:

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Common Errors in ECG Interpretation – that can Easily Be Corrected

Guest: Dr. Ken Grauer

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In this episode, we discuss common errors in ECG interpretation amongst even experienced clinicians make — and how many of these errors can be avoided and/or corrected with a few simple steps. The application of the following lessons will help to optimize the accuracy and time-efficiency of your interpretations: (i) paying closer attention to specific aspects of the history that are often ignored; (ii) interpreting both arrhythmias and 12-lead ECGs with a systematic approach; and, (iii) correlating relevant history with the tracing in front of you.

Topics Discussed* How does a family physician get so good in ECG interpretation? * What is your experience in teaching ECG interpretation? * Why did you choose the topic, “Common Errors in ECG Interpretation — that Can Easily be Corrected!” for this podcast? * What do you intend to cover in our next podcast on ECG Errors that Lead To Missing Acute Coronary Occlusion? * Why did you put among the most important errors to correct — interpreting ECGs without including a brief, relevant History in your assessment — and failure to routinely use a Systematic Approach in your interpretation?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Cardiovascular Disease and Pregnancy - Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

Guest: Katie A. Young, M.D.

Hosts: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Maternal mortality remains higher in the United States compared to other developed countries, and cardiovascular disease is a leading cause. This podcast will focus on peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM), highlighting the importance of early recognition and brief discussion of treatment and implications for future pregnancies.

Topics Discussed:

Peripartum Cardiomyopathy (PPCM)
Which Patients are at Higher Risk?
Which Medications to Avoid

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Tricuspid Regurgitation: Causes and Management

Guest: Mackram F. Eleid, M.D.

Hosts: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

This podcast discusses emerging concepts in the management of tricuspid regurgitation and novel transcatheter therapies for tricuspid regurgitation.

Topics Discussed:

The various interventional treatment strategies for tricuspid regurgitation
The potential benefits of correcting tricuspid regurgitation with transcatheter repair
The risks of transcatheter tricuspid regurgitation therapies

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recognizing the Longstanding Concerns in ECG Interpretation Proficiency

Guest: Mary-Tiffany A. Oduah, M.D.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In this episode, we delve into the significance and accuracy of diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) using ECG, emphasizing the potential variances across racial and ethnic groups. We explore the underlying reasons for these disparities, the implications of a universal LVH diagnostic criterion, and the need for possible race-specific thresholds in cardiological diagnoses.

Topics Discussed* Diagnosing Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) using ECG * Variances in specificity and sensitivity for LVH criteria

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

The Mediterranean Diet

Guest: Tara M. Schmidt, M.Ed., RDN, LD

Hosts: Stephen Kopecky, M.D.

This episode provides information from Mayo Clinic registered dietitian, Tara Schmidt, on the Mediterranean diet. It will offer suggestions to help providers educate and counsel patients on realistically adapting to a more Mediterranean style eating pattern to improve their health.

Topics Discussed:

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Implications of Obesity in Heart Failure

Guest: Adrian daSilva-deAbreu, M.D., Ph.D.(c), M.Sc.

Hosts: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

Obesity and heart failure are two common pandemics with significant overlap. Obesity is known to be a risk factor for multiple cardiovascular diseases, including heart failure, especially for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. According to the Framingham Heart Study, the risk of heart failure increases by 5% and 7% for every 1-point BMI increase in men and women, respectively. Among patients with heart failure, is obesity associated with worse prognosis? Do patients with heart failure also benefit from weight loss? Does obesity warrant special considerations when managing patients with heart failure? These, and other questions will be answered by our guest, Adrian da Silva de Abreu, M.D., M.Sc., Ph.D.(c), an advanced heart failure, LVAD, and transplant cardiologist from Mayo Clinic in Rochester.

Topics Discussed:

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Does Sleep Loss Affect Your Heart?

Guest: Anna Svatikova, M.D., Ph.D.

Hosts: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

Good, restorative sleep is important for cardiovascular health. Seven to nine hours of sleep are recommended for optimal heart health. Insufficient sleep has been associated with weight gain, obesity, high blood pressure and increased risk of diabetes and coronary artery disease.

Topics Discussed:

Why is Sleep Important to Heart Health?
Stages of Sleep
Recommendations for More Restful Sleep

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Do You Have Heart Failure Due to Congenital Heart Disease - This Podcast is for You

Hosts: Luke J. Burchill, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

This podcast is for younger adults with heart failure due to congenital heart disease. Dr. Burchill covers the questions commonly asked by patients with a new diagnosis of heart failure. Why? How? What? Where? Listen in as he answers these questions and more.

Topics Discussed:

Heart disease
Frequently Asked Questions
Lifestyle Choices and Changes

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recognizing the Longstanding Concerns in ECG Interpretation Proficiency

Guest: Peter Noseworthy, M.D, M.B.A.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In this episode, we delve deep into the heart of the Mayo Clinic’s Heart Rhythm and Physiologic Monitoring Laboratory, exploring its pivotal milestones, innovations, and the collaborative spirit driving its success. Through candid stories of challenges, we gain insight into the lab's resilience and vision for the future of electrocardiography.

Topics Discussed* Impact on patient care in diagnosis over time * How the lab has adapted to the ever-evolving demands of health care * Innovations that have kept the Heart Rhythm and Physiologic Monitoring Laboratory at the forefront

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Adult with Systemic Right Ventricle Failure: Which Medications Work?

Guest: Charles Jain, M.D.

Hosts: Luke J. Burchill, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

In this Podcast, we will discuss which medications work and when these medications should be used in adults with systemic right ventricles.

Topics Discussed:

Systemic Right Ventricle Patients
Congenitally Corrected Transposition (CCTGA)
Medications Used for Care and Why They are Different

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Endovascular Repair of Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Guest: Bernardo C. Mendes, M.D.

Hosts: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Endovascular treatment of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (TAAA) with fenestrated-branched endovascular aneurysm repair (F/B-EVAR) has gained increasing acceptance in patients with suitable anatomy. These techniques have resulted in superior perioperative outcomes when compared to traditional open repair. Patient selection, meticulous preoperative planning, and proper device design are critical to ensure successful treatment. The field of TAAA repair is constantly evolving with ongoing research and the development of new techniques and devices to further improve patient outcomes. This podcast discusses a review of endovascular TAAA treatment, summarizing some general aspects of device design and clinical features relevant to technical success and excellent long-term outcomes.

Topics Discussed:

Endovascular vs Open Repair
Fenestrated and Branched Stents
Potential Complications and what to look for

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Recognizing the Longstanding Concerns in ECG Interpretation Proficiency

Guest: Adam May, M.D

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In this episode, we explore the longstanding concerns about inadequate ECG interpretation proficiency among medical providers, emphasizing issues dating back several decades and challenges faced in assessing proficiency. We further analyze the implications of these limitations on patient care, the varied deficiencies observed across medical disciplines, and the overarching significance of addressing these concerns to enhance patient outcomes, reduce costs, and fortify trust in healthcare.

Topics Discussed* Inadequate ECG Interpretation * Practical Proficiency of ECG Interpretation * How to address inadequacies

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Heart Catheterization in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: When, Why, and How

Guest: William R. Miranda, M.D.

Hosts: Luke J. Burchill, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

The Mayo Adult Congenital Heart Disease team takes a personalized approach to heart failure care. This includes directly measuring pressures in the heart - both at rest and with exercise. Listen to Dr William Miranda as he provides an update on how cardiac catheterization is providing new insights leading to improvements in heart failure diagnosis and treatment.

Topics Discussed:

Heart Catheterization
Exercising patients with heart disease symptoms
Reassuring patients

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Lipid Management Post ACS or Revas: What Therapies Should be Combined

Guest: Anna Svatikova, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D

Matching the intensity of LDL cholesterol lowering with the absolute risk of the patient is key in prevention of cardiovascular events. In recent years new lipid lowering drugs (injectable drugs) have emerged, but statins continue to be the first line treatment in management of hyperlipidemia, if patient can tolerate it. We should not underestimate the power of healthy lifestyle (healthy diet and exercise). Without healthy lifestyle, statins and other lipid lowering drugs are less effective.

Topics Discussed:

Statins and Statin Intolerance.
Cholesterol - LDL what are the thresholds of too low?
Lifestyle choices and changes, how it impacts cholesterol levels

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

The Importance of ECG Interpretation in Medical Practice

Guest: Adam May, M.D.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

As technology advances, so does our proficiency in interpreting the heart's language, with ECG filtering playing a crucial role. The episode delves into the challenges posed by signal noise, compares traditional and AI-driven ECG filtering techniques, and underscores the promising future of the synergy between technology and cardiology for precise heart signal insights.

Topics Include:* ECG interpretation and why it is important for healthcare providers * Detection of Arrhythmias * ECG misdiagnosis and how it impacts patient care and perception of care

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Treating Heart Failure in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: Heart Liver Transplant

Guest: Julie K. Heimbach, M.D.

Hosts: Luke J. Burchill, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Liver transplant is sometimes needed at the same time as heart transplant. This is especially true for adults with heart failure due to Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) and those who have undergone the Fontan operation. Listen to Dr. Julie Heimbach, Director of Transplant, as she provides this update on combined heart-liver transplant at Mayo Clinic.

Topics Discussed:

Heart-Liver Transplant
Identifying liver involvement in various patient groups
The Relationship between the heart and liver

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

The Effects of Advanced Filtering Methods on Visualization of Single-Lead Smartwatch ECG Waveforms for Clinical Interpretation

Guest: Peter van Dam, PhD

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Topics Include:* In the context of utilizing the 12-lead ECG to assess cardiac electrical dyssynchrony and identify disease pathways through ventricular depolarization, how do you accomplish this and what potential benefits does it offer clinicians? * How does your approach, such as CineECG, differ from the conventional 12-lead ECG? * When comparing your approach to the utilization of artificial intelligence for improving ECG interpretation, what are the key similarities and differences to CineECG?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

New Drug Therapies in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Guest:

Hosts:

Topics Discussed:

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Treating Heart Failure in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease: Social Determinants

Guest: Kelli L. Passalacqua, L.I.C.S.W.

Hosts: Luke J. Burchill, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

In this podcast, we will discuss how one can enhance mental health wellness by living with a congenital heart defect. This includes how our social determinants can affect our well-being.

Topics Discussed:

What does a licensed clinical social worker do? What can someone expect from a social work consultation
What are social determinants of health? How does this impact specifically Adults with Congenital Heart Disease?
What are some evidenced base brief interventions that you’ve implemented in your practice with this population? What supportive interventions have been helpful

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

CineECG vs. 12-Lead ECG: A Comparative Exploration of ECG Approaches

Guest: Peter van Dam, Ph.D.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

In this episode, Dr. Peter van Dam, a visionary in the field of 12 lead ECG, shares insights on assessing cardiac electrical dyssynchrony and identifying disease pathways. He introduces his innovative approach, CineECG, highlighting its distinctions from conventional methods and discussing comparisons with artificial intelligence in ECG interpretation.

Topics Include: * In the context of utilizing the 12-lead ECG to assess cardiac electrical dyssynchrony and identify disease pathways through ventricular depolarization, how do you accomplish this and what potential benefits does it offer clinicians? * How does your approach, such as CineECG, differ from the conventional 12-lead ECG? * When comparing your approach to the utilization of artificial intelligence for improving ECG interpretation, what are the key similarities and differences to CineECG?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Pharmacologic Therapies for Obesity: The Future is Here

Guest: Kyla M. Lara-Breitinger, M.D.

Hosts: Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D.

Join us in this expert podcast as we delve into the captivating world of GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs), exploring their profound impact on weight management and cardiometabolic effects. We also discuss the potential cardiovascular benefits affecting patients with obesity and cardiovascular disease.

Topics Discussed:

The popularity of the GLP-1RAs
Short-term and long-term benefits and consequences
Cardiovascular benefits with taking these medications

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Sports Cardiology for the General Cardiologist

Guest: Kathryn F. Larson, M.D.

Hosts: Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D.

In this podcast you will hear what makes sports cardiology different, how the hearts of athletes differ, and can you exercise too much?

Topics Discussed:

What makes “sports cardiology” different than other areas of cardiology?
How are the hearts of athletes different?
Is there such a thing as too much exercise?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Rate vs Rhythm in 2023 for Afib

Guest: Christopher V. DeSimone, M.D., Ph.D. (@DrDeese99)

Hosts: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

In this podcast you will hear about the strong shift in pursuing rhythm control as opposed to rate control for atrial fibrillation patients that would benefit. The viewer will also get an overview on suggested approach to management, who is the ideal patient that would benefit, and general approaches to managing atrial fibrillation.

Topics Discussed:

General approach to managing AFib
Ideal patients for AFib Ablation
Field movement in treating AFib

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Clinical Perspectives on Adoption of AI-ECG

Guest: Shaan Kurshid, M.D

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

This episode provides an insightful overview of the current state of ECG-based AI in cardiology, examining its achievements, barriers to adoption, and strategies for fostering greater implementation. It offers valuable perspectives on how ECG-based AI can revolutionize cardiac care and improve patient outcomes.

Topics Discussed:

Artificial Intelligence
Achievements in technology
Future Implications of AI in Practice

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Treating Heart Failure in Adults with CHD Palliative Care

Guest:

Hosts: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Today we will be joined by

Topics Discussed:

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Exercise Restrictions for Patients with HCM

Guest: Kathryn Larson, M.D.

Host: Sharonne Hayes, M.D.

Today I'm joined by Dr. Kathryn Larson. She works as an advanced echo fellow and is joining our faculty in July with a focus on athletes and structural heart disease, as well as hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and their exercise advice. And so today's topic that we have for her are exercise advice and restrictions for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.

Topics Discussed:

Exercise Restriction
Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Structural Heart Disease

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Treating Heart Failure in Adults with CHD Physical Activity

Guest: Amanda Bonikowske, Ph.D.

Hosts: Luke Burchill, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Joining today is Dr. Amanda Bonikowske, the program director for cardiac rehabilitation to talk about how physical exercise and assessment is used to improve outcomes in patients with CHD.

Topics Discussed:

Cardiac Rehabilitation
Exercise tolerance
Restrictions and modifications

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Applications of Autonomic Modulation in Arrhythmias

Guest: Guru Kowlgi, M.D.

Hosts: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Today we will be joined by Dr. Guru Kowlgi, Assistant Professor of Medicine, heart rhythm expert, who has a special interest and expertise in the autonomic nerves and cardiac arrhythmias.

Topics Discussed:

Autonomic System
Autonomic System Modulation
Atrial Arrythmias
Autonomic Intervention

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Who Deserves EP Ablation

Guest: Guru Kowlgi, M.D

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

In this episode, we'll explore EP Ablation. We're excited to have Dr. Guru Kowlgi as our esteemed guest and expert in this field and friend of ours. Today we're gonna focus on understanding the process and indications for EP ablation, exploring the reasons for why some patients might need multiple ablations, and then discussing some of the potential complications associated with the procedure.

EP Ablation
Indications for Ablation
Complications and other considerations for treatment

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Aortic Root Surgery

Guest: Adrian Baranchuk, M.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Surgery or Endovascular Therapy for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia

Guest: Adrian Baranchuk, M.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

WPW in Athletes

Guest: Guru Kowlgi, M.D

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

In this episode, we'll explore Wolff-Parkinson-White, WPW syndrome in athletes. We're excited to have Dr. Guru Kowlgi as our esteemed guest and expert in this field and friend of ours. Our focus will be on the concerns associated with WPW Syndrome, the identification of individuals at risk of sudden death, and the treatment approaches for these patients.

WPW
Sudden Death in Athletes
Treatment options

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Adults with Left Ventricular Failure: Which Medications Work?

Guest: Shannon Dunlay, M.D

Hosts: Luke Burchill, M.D.

Welcome back to "Interview with the Experts," a podcast series from Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Education. I'm your host, Dr. Luke Burchill, an adult congenital heart failure specialist here at Mayo Clinic, and joining me today is Dr. Shannon Dunley, cardiologist and heart transplant specialist.

Left Ventricular Failure
Quadruple Therapy
Effective medication
Guideline-directed medical therapy
Managing congestion and fluid

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Barriers to AI-ECG Adoption

Guest: Adrian Baranchuk, M.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

In this episode, we'll explore how to differentiate narrow complex tachycardias. We're thrilled to have Dr. Adrian Baranchuk back with us, who is certainly an expert on this topic. Now, in this episode, we're gonna delve into an algorithm that simplifies and enhances the differentiation of narrow complex tachycardias encountered in clinical practice. We'll also discuss the fundamental knowledge required to identify some of the most common arrhythmias, and examine how this approach actively applies an inductive-deductive mechanism of learning and teaching electrocardiography. Before we begin, let's introduce our distinguished guest. Dr. Adrian Baranchuk is a professor of medicine at Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. He serves as the Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Electrocardiology. Vice-President of the International Society of Holter and Non-Invasive Electrocardiology, and the president-elect of the Inner American Society of Cardiology. His invaluable contributions to the medical field are undeniable, with over 600 authored articles and an extensive body of works in both books and books chapters that continues to grow. Dr. Baranchuk is a great supporter of young investigators and we're so grateful to have him here joining us today.

Specific topics discussed:

differentiating narrow complex tachycardia
inductive-deductive mechanisms

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Myocarditis - Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment

Guest: Leslie T. Cooper Jr., M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss what’s new in myocarditis in terms of diagnosis and treatment is Leslie Cooper Jr., M.D., professor of medicine and chair of the department of cardiology at Mayo Clinic Jacksonville, Florida. Tune in to learn more about the advances in diagnosis and treatment of myocarditis.

Specific topics discussed:

What is new in the imaging evaluation of myocarditis?
New imaging predictors of MACE after acute myocarditis
Has anything changed in the treatment of myocarditis?
Updates on specific types like giant cell myocarditis, immune checkpoint inhibitor myocarditis, or cardiac sarcoidosis?
Current European Respiratory society guidelines for the management of cardiac sarcoidosis
MYTHS and CBD trials currently enrolling for lymphocytic myocarditis

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Barriers to AI-ECG Adoption

Guest: Adam May, M.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss the challenges with artificial intelligence and ECG analysis is Adam May, M.D., a cardiac intensivist and assistant professor of medicine at Washington University’s School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. May’s interests include the discovery, development, and refinement of innovative processes to enhance the diagnostic capabilities of automated ECG interpretation. Tune in to the discussion around barriers to AI-ECG adoption.

Specific topics discussed:

The current state of AI-ECG
Barriers of AI-ECG
Algorithm generalizability
Algorithm implementation
Algorithm utility

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Frozen Elephant Trunk Procedure

Guest: Malakh L. Shrestha, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Joining us today to discuss the frozen elephant trunk procedure is Malakh L. Shrestha, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., cardiac surgeon and director of the Mayo Clinic aortic center of excellence and director of aortic surgery for cardiovascular surgery at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about the frozen elephant trunk procedure.

Specific topics discussed:

What is the frozen elephant trunk (FET) procedure, and where was it invented?
What are the indications and uses for it?
What is latest on FET procedures in the united states?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Treating Heart Failure in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: Mental Health Concerns and Treatment

Guest: Laura Suarez Pardo, M.D.

Host: Luke J. Burchill, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Tune in to the discussion of mental health concerns and treatment for patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) and heart failure. Expert, Laura Suarez Pardo, M.D., assistant professor of psychiatry, psychologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota will be discussing this important topic.

Specific topics discussed:

What’s the difference between mental health and mental illness?
What are psychiatric symptoms/conditions that commonly affect the adult CHD population?
What factors contribute to psychological distress and psychiatric illness in this population?
How can we improve recognition of comorbid psychological distress? Are there any common treatment strategies?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Advances in Occlusion Myocardial Infarction Detection

Guests: Pendell Meyers, M.D. (@PendellM)

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss the role of artificial intelligence in detecting acute occlusion myocardial infarction (OMI) is Pendell Meyers, M.D., co-editor of Dr. Smith’s ECG blog, Assistant Professor of Emergency Medicine at Atrium Health Carolinas Medical Center in Charlotte, North Carolina. His primary research focus is in improving the identification and treatment of occlusion myocardial infarction. Tune in to learn about using AI to detect acute OMI.

Specific topics discussed:

What is Occlusion Myocardial Infarction and why is it important?
Tell us about the AI system you helped create to interpret ECGs for OMI: how was it made? How has it been tested so far, and how does the AI compare to STEMI criteria and human experts for finding OMI?
What are the next steps for OMI AI and the OMI paradigm overall?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Embracing 3D - The Fight with Tradition in Medicine

Guest: Sorin V. Pislaru, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Joining us today to discuss embracing 3D imaging is Sorin V. Pislaru, M.D., Ph.D., professor of medicine, echocardiographer, and chair of the division of structural heart disease at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about the 3D imaging and it’s pertinence to the management of patients today in guiding procedures and making diagnoses.

Specific topics discussed:

We live in a 3D world that is in constant motion. Why are not all our imaging tools 3D?
One would imagine technological breakthroughs are rapidly incorporated into medical practice. Is that a fact?
We have now 3D imaging, but most measurements are performed in 2D space in both cross-sectional imaging and in echocardiography. Why so? Another example of resistance to progress?
What is the future for 3D imaging?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Adults after the Fontan Operation: Which Medications Work?

Guest: Alexander C. Egbe, M.B.B.S., M.P.H.

Host: Luke J. Burchill, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Joining us today to discuss which medications work for adults after the Fontan operation is, Alexander C. Egbe, M.B.B.S., M.P.H., professor of medicine and structural heart disease specialist in the department of cardiovascular medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about the Fontan operation and which medications work.

Specific topics discussed:

What are the medical problems common in the adult Fontan population?
Which medical therapies are currently available to address these comorbidities?
How effective at these medications? What are areas of improvement and further research?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

STEMI/NSTEMI and OMI/NOMI Paradigms

Guest: Stephen W. Smith, M.D.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

Early detection of acute myocardial infarction (MI) can impact patients' immediate care and long-term outcomes. Most trained physicians can detect common ST-elevation MI (STEMI) patterns on ECG. However, a subset of patients does not present with common STEMI patterns. There are ECG patterns that can be identified to improve patient outcomes but are not yet widely known or accepted in current guidelines.

Joining us today to discuss the STEMI versus non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and occlusion MI (OMI) versus nonocclusion MI (NOMI) paradigms is Stephen W. Smith, M.D., Emergency Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, in Minneapolis.

Specific topics discussed:

The problem with the STEMI versus NSTEMI dichotomy
Subgroup within the NSTEMI cohort that may benefit from emergent reperfusion therapy
ECG findings to watch for — beyond, standard STEMI findings — that indicate an occluded artery
Access to Dr. Smith's evaluation formula
Patterns to watch for in diagnosis of OMI
Benign mimickers
Key takeaways for the novice interpreter
Other clinical factors to watch for that may indicate OMI
Recommendations for emergency medicine providers

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME available for this episode.

Transcript found here.

Original Release Date: 3/31/22

COVID-19 Infection and Vaccination: Understanding the Prothrombotic Risk

Guest: Damon E. Houghton, M.D., M.S.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss COVID-19 infection and vaccination and understanding what the prothrombotic risk is, Damon E. Houghton, M.D., M.S., associate professor of medicine and vascular medicine specialist in the department of cardiovascular medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about the prothrombotic risk in patients with COVID-19 infection and vaccination.

Specific topics discussed:

What have we learned about the risk for thrombosis associated with COVID-19 infections?
Recognizing the increased risk of thrombosis in some patients, what is the role of anti-thrombotic medications for prevention?
In April of 2021, the CDC and FDA paused administration of the Janssen (J&J) vaccination temporarily due to strange cases of thrombosis and thrombocytopenia, what do we now know about COVID-19 vaccinations and this adverse reaction?

Venous Thromboembolism (VTE) risk in the 90 days after COVID-19 infection graph.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Treating Heart Failure in Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: Heart Transplant

Guest: Mauricio A. Villavicencio Theoduloz, M.D.

Host: Luke J. Burchill, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Joining us today to discuss heart transplant in patients with congenital heart disease (CAD) is Mauricio A. Villavicencio Theoduloz, M.D., associate professor of surgery and Director of Heart and Lung Transplant at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about the surgical approach to heart transplant in patients with CAD.

Specific topics discussed:

Are we seeing more and more of these patients?
What do you say to patients and families the first time you're meeting them to discuss the possibility of transplant?
When is the timing right and who is the ideal candidate for transplant? Can you explain who is likely to benefit from transplant?
Can you explain heart after liver transplant and why we go in that direction and why are we now doing that here at Mayo Clinic?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

AI-ECG to Detect Cardiac Amyloidosis: Strengths, Limitations, and Future Directions

Guests: David M. Harmon, Jr. M.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss using AI-ECG to detect cardiac amyloidosis is David M. Harmon, Jr. M.D., cardiology fellow at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Harmon’s research interests include the clinical application of artificial intelligence electrocardiography and assessing the utility of AI algorithms on wearable devices. Tune in to learn about using AI-ECG to detect cardiac amyloidosis.

Specific topics discussed:

Can you share a little background as to why AI-ECG for cardiac amyloidosis screening?
What are some of the most surprising results of your validation study?
What are the biggest limitations you found in this work?
What are some next steps for this algorithm?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) vs. Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR)

Guest: Kevin L. Greason, M.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement (TAVR) versus Aortic Valve Replacement (AVR) is Kevin Greason, M.D., associate professor of surgery and cardiac surgeon at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about the surgical differences between TAVR and AVR.

Specific topics discussed:

What are the main advantages of TAVR? What are the main advantages of SAVR?
How do you select patients for one treatment or another?
What are the advantages of mechanical valves and when do you use them?
What is the durability of TAVR and SAVR? Rate of reoperation/reintervention?
What treatment do you recommend for a young patient with aortic stenosis?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Coronary Revascularization

Guest: John M. Stulak, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss coronary revascularization is John Stulak, M.D., professor of surgery and cardiac surgeon at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about the surgical approach to coronary revascularization.

Specific topics discussed:

Current era of CABG, trends, status of the practice
Alternate approaches – hybrid, off pump. Robotic/minimally invasive
Conduit choices, multiple arterial revascularization
Future state

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Minimally Invasive Cardiac Surgery

Guest: Malakh L. Shrestha, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss minimally invasive cardiac surgery is Malakh L. Shrestha, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., cardiac surgeon at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Shrestha was recruited from Germany and starting a Center for Excellence for Aortic Disease at Mayo Clinic; he also contributed to the American Association of Thoracic Surgery (AATS) guidelines for aortic dissection. Tune in to learn more about minimally invasive cardiac surgery.

Specific topics discussed:

Present status of Aortic valve repair
Durability and peri-operative risks
Is minimally Invasive Aortic valve repair possible?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

What is a Cardio-Protective Diet?

Guest: Kyla M. Lara-Breitinger, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss cardio-protective diet is Kyla M. Lara-Breitinger, M.D., instructor in medicine in preventive cardiology at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about a cardio-protective diet.

Specific topics discussed:

What determines a cardio-protective diet?
Is there a best cardioprotective diet to follow out there based on scientific data?
There are many controversies out there like the egg debate, dairy debate, ketogenic, and low-fat diets. What do you say to patients that ask you these specific questions in clinic?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Bias, Equity, and Reality: Issues When Using AI for ECG-based Diagnostics

Guests: Gari Clifford, Ph.D. @GariClifford and Reza Sameni, Ph.D. @RezaSameni

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss issues when using AI for ECG-based diagnostics is Gari Clifford, Ph.D., Chair of Biomedical Informatics at Emory University and professor of Biomedical Engineering at Georgia Institute of Technology, and Reza Sameni, Ph.D., associate professor of the department of Biomedical Informatics at Emory University. Drs. Clifford and Sameni share interests in machine learning, digital hardware design, statistical signal processing and application areas span across cardiovascular disease, neuropsychiatric health, among others. Tune in to learn about issues when using AI for ECG-based diagnostics.

Specific topics discussed:

What are the key barriers to building AI models from electrocardiogram data?
What can be done to mitigate the bias in AI models beyond balancing data.
Can you expand on what you mean by addressing bias is much deeper than just balancing data?
What parting advice do you have for anyone wanting to use AI on large volumes of ECGs?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:
The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Aortic Dissection

Guest: Malakh L. Shrestha, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss aortic dissection is Malakh L. Shrestha, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., cardiac surgeon at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Shrestha was recruited from Germany and starting a Center for Excellence for Aortic Disease at Mayo Clinic; he also contributed to the American Association of Thoracic Surgery (AATS) guidelines for aortic dissection. Tune in to learn more about the surgical approach to aortic dissection.

Specific topics discussed:

The AATS guidelines and what it means to surgeons interested in aortic disease.
How to look for aortic dissection.
What is the frozen elephant trunk technique?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Surgical Removal of Papillary Fibroelastoma

Guest: Juan A. Crestanello, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss surgical removal of papillary fibroelastoma (PFE) is Juan A. Crestanello, M.D., professor of surgery and chair of cardiovascular surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about the surgical approach to papillary fibroelastoma.

Specific topics discussed:

What are PFEs?
What are the risks of PFE?
Where are they most commonly located?
What are the indications for surgery?
What is the surgical risk of resection of a PFE?
What is the risk of stroke?
What is the risk of stroke without resection?
Can the valves be preserved?
Can PFEs come back?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

The VT Calculator

Guest: Adam May, M.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss the Mayo Clinic Ventricular Tachycardia Calculator is Adam May, M.D., a cardiac intensivist and assistant professor of medicine at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri. Dr. May’s interests include the discovery, development, and refinement of innovative processes to enhance the diagnostic capabilities of automated ECG interpretation. Tune in to learn about a practical diagnostic solution that does not require a high level of expertise in ECG interpretation.

Specific topics discussed:

What is the Mayo Clinic VT calculator?
What would you say was the inspiration for creating the Mayo Clinic VT calculator?
How do we use the VT calculator?
How well does this tool perform?
What do you recommend for the users of the Mayo Clinic VT calculator?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Simple Congenital Heart Disease and Pregnancy

Guest: C. Charles Jain, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss simple congenital heart disease (CHD) and pregnancy is Charles Jain, M.D., assistant professor of medicine in structural heart disease at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about the importance of simple congenital heart disease and pregnancy.

Specific topics discussed:

Why is simple CHD and pregnancy an important topic?
What are the most common forms of simple CHD in pregnant women?
What recommendations do you have for management of patients with simple CHD?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Mitral Annular Calcification (MAC)

Guest: Juan A. Crestanello, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss mitral annular calcification (MAC) is Juan A. Crestanello, M.D., professor of surgery and chair of cardiovascular surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about the surgical approach to tricuspid valve regurgitation.

Specific topics discussed:

What is the prevalence of MAC?
What are the clinical characteristics of patients with MAC?
What is the prognosis associated with MAC, and MAC and mitral valve disease?
What are the surgical approaches to patient with MAC?
Any alternatives transcatheter approaches?
What are the outcomes?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Cardiac Allograft Rejection Using AI-ECG

Guest: Demilade A. Adedinsewo, M.B., Ch.B., M.P.H.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss cardiac allograft rejection using AI-ECG is Demilade A. Adedinsewo, M.B., Ch.B., M.P.H., assistant professor of medicine and non-invasive cardiologist at Mayo Clinic, Florida. Her research interests include the application of artificial intelligence tools in cardiology.

Specific topics discussed:

In order to introduce this project to our listeners, can you tell us a bit about why this study is important?
Can you describe the steps involved in developing this project?
Could you share the summary results from your study?
What are the potential implications of your findings for patient care?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Tricuspid Valve Disease

Guest: Juan A. Crestanello, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss tricuspid valve disease is Juan A. Crestanello, M.D., professor of surgery and chair of cardiovascular surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about the surgical approach to tricuspid valve regurgitation.

Specific topics discussed:

What are the most common types of tricuspid valve disease?
What types of tricuspid valve disease are treated with surgery?
When is it time to intervene?
There has been significant controversy regarding what to do with tricuspid regurgitation at the time of left sided valve surgery: what do we do at Mayo with patients who had mild, moderate, or severe tricuspid regurgitation at the time of mitral valve surgery?
Do you do tricuspid valve surgery with less than moderate tricuspid regurgitation and annular dilatation?
Are there any differences in outcomes between tricuspid valve repair vs replacement? Any benefit of mechanical valves?
What about tricuspid valve surgery in carcinoid heart disease?
How pacing leads affect the function of the tricuspid valve? How often do you see tricuspid valve disease related to pacing leads?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Heart Transplant

Guest: Mauricio A. Villavicencio Theoduloz, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss heart transplant is Mauricio A. Villavicencio Theoduloz, M.D., associate professor of surgery and Director of Heart and Lung Transplant at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to hear from the leading heart transplant expert.

Specific topics discussed:

What do you think is the greatest advancement in heart transplantation in the last decade?
We heard in the news a xenotransplant was done, is clinical xenotransplant here to stay?
What has happened to heart allocation lately and what clinic impact has produced?
What is normothermic regional perfusion and ex vivo heart perfusion? Why these are helpful?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

AI-Augmented ECG Interpretation Using Smartphone Technology

Guest: Robert Herman, M.D. (@RobertHermanMD)

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss ECG interpretation using smartphone technology including AI-powered ECG, digitization, existing challenges in automated ECG interpretation, and the future of AI in electrocardiography is Robert Herman, M.D., chief medical officer and co-founder of Powerful Medical. His primary focus is applying AI to improve the diagnosis and management of acute coronary syndromes, heart failure, and arrhythmias. Tune in to learn more about the AI augmented ECG interpretation using smartphone technology.

Specific topics discussed:

Why did you develop AI-powered ECG digitization, and how does it work?
What are the current challenges of automated ECG interpretation, and how do you tackle them?
How did you validate your medical device PMCardio for AI-powered smartphone ECG interpretation?
What's next for the AI-powered ECG, and how can we unlock its full potential?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Radiation Heart Disease

Guest: Juan A. Crestanello, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss radiation heart disease is Juan A. Crestanello, M.D., professor of surgery and Chair of Cardiovascular Surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about cardiac disease found in younger patients who have had radiation therapy, radiation heart disease.

Specific topics discussed:

What are the most common manifestations of radiation heart disease?
What type of tumors are treated with mediastinal radiation (breast cancer, lymphomas, lung cancer)?
How many years after radiation does it manifest?
What are the implications for surgery?
What are the implications for life expectancy on patients with radiation heart disease?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Cardiovascular Recovery in Anthracycline Cardiotoxicity

Guest: Joerg Herrmann, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss cardiovascular recovery in anthracycline cardiotoxicity is Joerg Herrmann, M.D., professor of medicine and director of the cardio-oncology clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Herrmann is a leading expert in cardio-oncology issues, so tune in to learn more about cardiovascular recovery in anthracycline cardiotoxicity.

Specific topics discussed:

What is the role of these drugs in the current era and what are their side effects?
Are there certain strategies to mitigate the risk of cardiotoxicity?
How do you treat patients who do develop cardiotoxicity?
Is any long-term follow-up needed?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Challenges in Teaching ECG Interpretation

Guest: Kevin E. O’Brien, M.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss the challenges in teaching ECG interpretation is Kevin O’Brien, M.D., professor of medicine at the University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine. His research interests center around issues dealing with the evaluation and assessment, the learning environment, interpretation of common diagnostic studies, and physician and trainee wellness. Tune in to learn more about the education aspect of ECG interpretation.

Specific topics discussed:

What cardiology topics do you teach? To Whom? When? Where?
How long have you been doing this?
Who inspired you to teach electrocardiography?
Why do you enjoy teaching about electrocardiography?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Ex Vivo Heart/Lung Perfusion

Guest: Mauricio A. Villavicencio Theoduloz, M.D.

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss ex vivo heart and lung perfusion is Mauricio A. Villavicencio Theoduloz, M.D., associate professor of surgery and director of heart and lung at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Villavicencio Theoduloz is a leader in heart transplantation. Tune in to learn more about ex vivo heart and lung perfusion.

Specific topics discussed:

What major advantages has ex vivo heart perfusion compared to cold storage? Any for the lungs?
How can you tell a heart is placed in ex vivo heart perfusion is a good heart? What about for lungs?
Are there any therapies that can be applied during the perfusion of the heart and the lungs?
Is there any special advantages for the type of patients that come to the Mayo Clinic?

Ex Vivo Slide and Video

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Patent Foramen Ovale – Update on Device Closure

Guest: Jason H. Anderson, M.D.

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss patent foramen oval (PFO) is Jason Anderson, M.D., assistant professor of pediatrics at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Anderson specializes in interventional structural heart disease. Tune in to learn more about PFOs and an update on device closures.

Specific topics discussed:

Why consider closing a PFO?
How is it best diagnosed -- and pearls for diagnosis?
Post procedure -- what should the non-interventionalist be aware of in terms of care or potential complications?
What is the patient experience when coming in for a PFO device closure?
Are there certain characteristics of PFO closure devices that make you choose one device over another?
Is there an age cut-off to your recommendation to undergo PFO device closure?
Some patients may have allergies, such as a nickel intolerance, does this effect the choice of device or option to proceed with catheter-based closure?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Physiological Underpinnings of Myocardial Ischemia

Guest: Rob S. MacLeod, Ph.D. (@RobMacLeod10)

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss the physiological underpinnings of myocardial ischemia is Rob S. MacLeod, Ph.D., co-founder and associate director of Scientific Computing & Imaging Institute. Dr. MacLeod uses both experimental investigation and clinical approaches to improve management of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias, as well as to explore the mechanisms and indicators of acute myocardial ischemia. Tune in to learn more about the physiological underpinnings of myocardial ischemia.

Specific topics discussed:

What is the clinical motivation for this relatively basic-science research?
Summarize the methods you use and what makes them unique?
What are the most meaningful discoveries of your group that have contradicted the prevailing understanding of ischemia?
What are your goals for the future?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Role of Non-invasive Cardiac Imaging in the Management of Coronary Artery Disease

Guest: Gosia Wamil, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss the role of non-invasive cardiac imaging in the management of coronary artery disease (CAD) is, Gosia Wamil, M.D., Ph.D. at Mayo Clinic in London, England. Dr. Wamil specializes in heart failure, cardiomyopathies, and advanced cardiac imaging. Tune in to learn more about the role of non-invasive cardiac imaging in the management of CAD.

Specific topics discussed:

Why should non-invasive imaging be considered when assessing patients with CAD?
What do we need to consider when choosing the right test for a patient?
How do you choose between anatomical and functional imaging test?
What are the advances in cardiac imaging that are most promising?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy (HCM)

Guest: Gabor Bagameri, M.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss septal reduction therapy in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is Gabor Bagameri, M.D., assistant professor of surgery in cardiovascular surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about septal myectomy in patients with HCM.

Specific topics discussed:

What are the indications for septal myectomy in patients with HCM?
What are the surgical approaches to obstructive HCM?
How does alcohol septal ablation compare to surgical septal myectomy in obstructive HCM?
What is the role of arrythmia surgery during septal myectomy?
How to manage mitral regurgitation and residual obstruction in obstructive HCM.
When is apical myectomy indicated?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

ECG Diagnosis of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy

Guest: Ljuba Bacharova, M.D., D.Sc, M.B.A.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) by means of the ECG is Ljuba Bacharova, senior researcher in the International Laser Centre, CVTI, in Bratislava, Slovakia and instructor at Comenius University’s Medical School. Dr. Bacharova’s main focus in research has been in the evaluation of the cardiac electric field with a special interest in left ventricular hypertrophy. Tune in today to learn more about the ECG and LVH.

Specific topics discussed:

What do you see as the major problem in ECG-LVH diagnosis? And why is it still interesting/ actual?
What are other key factors influencing the resultant QRS voltage in LVH?
Thoughts around relative high specificity in ECG diagnosis of LVH.
How to escape from the mental high-QRS-voltage trap in LVH diagnosis.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Choice of Valve Prostheses and How Do You Make Those Decisions

Guest: Gabor Bagameri, M.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss valve prostheses is Gabor Bagameri, M.D., assistant professor of surgery in cardiovascular surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about the choice of valve protheses in patients with valvular heart disease.

Specific topics discussed:

How common is valvular heart disease?
What are the perceived advantages and disadvantages of the mechanical and bioprosthetic valve?
What is the risk of thromboembolism and bleeding with bioprosthesis? Can we avoid coumadin with bioprosthesis?
What is the durability of the new generation bioprosthetic valve designs? Is TAVR the solution for failed bioprosthesis?
Is there survival difference between the two valve types?
Differences regarding the valve choice between aortic or mitral position.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Vascular Rings and Slings

Guest: Elizabeth H. Stephens, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss vascular rings and slings is Paul Friedman, chair of the department of cardiovascular medicine and professor of medicine and Elizabeth Stephens, M.D., Ph.D., associate professor of surgery and expert in pediatric cardiovascular surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Stephens specializes in pediatric and adult congenital heart disease, tune in to learn more about vascular rings and slings.

Specific topics discussed:

What is a vascular ring or sling and how is it diagnosed?
What is the cause of these vascular rings?
Common types of vascular rings and how they are corrected.
What about “vascular sling.” What is that and what is done about that?
What is Mayo’s experience in rings and slings?

Affiliated slides:

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Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

CineECG for ECG Analysis

Guest: Peter van Dam Ph.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss CineECG for ECG Analysis is Peter van Dam, Ph.D., co-founder and chief scientific officer of ECG Excellence, a Dutch company specialized in developing solutions to make 12-lead ECG interpretation better and easier for both non expert ECG physicians and expert ECG readers. CineECG is the first product of ECG Excellence, which is a software designed to support physicians in ECG interpretation. Tune in to learn more about this innovative topic.

Specific topics discussed:

What is CineECG?
How does CineECG differs from 12 lead ECG
What is the main advantage of using CineECG compared to the current standards?
How we explore the advantages of CineECG ourselves?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Carcinoid Heart Disease - Surgical Considerations

Guest: Juan A. Crestanello, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss carcinoid heart disease (CHD) is Malcolm Bell, M.D., a professor of medicine and interventional cardiology expert and Juan Crestanello, M.D., chair of cardiovascular surgery division and professor of surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about carcinoid heart disease surgical considerations.

Specific topics discussed:

When is surgery indicated in patients with CHD?
What does surgery entail and what type of valve do you use?
What is the surgical risk for valve replacement and does cardiac surgery change long-term outcomes?
Does carcinoid reoccur in prosthetic valves?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App:The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Mitral Valve Repair

Guest: Arman Arghami, M.D., M.P.H.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss mitral valve repair is Kyle Klarich, M.D., a professor of medicine and structural heart disease expert and Arman Arghami, M.D., M.P.H., an assistant professor of surgery in cardiovascular surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about mitral valve repair approach techniques.

Specific topics discussed:

When and how often a mitral valve can be repaired?
What is the advantage of repair over replacement?
How long does the repair last?
How can the repairs be done: sternotomy, minimally invasive, robotics? What are common techniques of repair? Is there a difference between the posterior leaflet, anterior leaflet, or bileaflet repairs?
What are the advantages of a robotic approach? Any effect on survival, symptoms, EF, ventricular dimensions?
What is the risk? How may MV repairs are done at Mayo? Who is a candidate for MV repair?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Ventricular Tachycardia Database Development and Detection

Guest: Michele Pelter, R.N., Ph.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss Ventricular Tachycardia Database Development and Detection designed to improve hospital-based ECG monitoring is Michele Pelter, R.N., Ph.D., associate professor in the School of Nursing at the University of California San Francisco. Her current work has focused on improving the detection of transient myocardial ischemia and most recently understanding false ECG alarms that might contribute to alarm fatigue in nurses.

Specific topics discussed:

Why is identifying ventricular tachycardia during hospital-based ECG monitoring a problem?
Why is ventricular tachycardia the focus?
What are some algorithm deficiencies?
How might the annotated ventricular tachycardia database help improve the problem of false ventricular tachycardia alarms?
Other projects that Dr. Pelter is working on related to hospital-based ECG monitoring.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Carcinoid Heart Disease

Guest: S. Allen Luis, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Joining us today to discuss carcinoid heart disease is Malcolm Bell, M.D., a professor of medicine and interventional cardiology expert and S. Allen Luis, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., an associate professor of medicine and cardiovascular ultrasound expert at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Luis specializes in the treatment of the uncommon condition, carcinoid heart disease. Tune in to learn more about the rare condition.

Specific topics discussed:

What is carcinoid heart disease?
What valves are most affected and what are the indications to intervene for valvular disease related to carcinoid syndrome?
Periprocedural carcinoid crises are associated with procedural adverse outcomes and mortality. What should be done is the periprocedural setting to minimize this risk?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Personalized Computational Heart Models to Predict Sudden Death Risk in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

Guest: Ryan O'Hara, Ph.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss Personalized Computational Heart Models to Predict Sudden Death Risk in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy is Ryan O'Hara, Ph.D., candidate in biomedical engineer at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore Maryland. His current research focuses on the electrophysiology of both ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathies.

In this episode, we will look at hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in further detail, as well as how personalized computational heart models can be used to improve risk stratification of these patients.

Specific topics discussed:

What is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and how does it affect the heart? What are the risks?
How is sudden cardiac death risk clinically stratified in patients with HCM? What is the typical treatment?
What is a computational, or virtual, heart and how can it be used clinically?
What benefit do virtual hearts reconstructed with T1 imaging add to improve patient risk stratification in HCM?

eLife paper

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Imaging for Prosthetic Valves

Guest: Sorin V. Pislaru, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Joining us today to discuss tricuspid regurgitation is Paul Friedman, M.D., a professor of medicine and chair of the department of cardiology and Sorin Pislaru, M.D., Ph.D., a professor of medicine and chair of the division of structural heart disease at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about the complications of prosthetic valves in imaging.

Specific topics discussed:

We had valvular prostheses for a long time. Surely our assessment by now is precise
We have professional society guidelines for assessment of prosthetic heart valves. Are these valuable?
I know we recently looked at the performance of existing diagnostic algorithms for prosthetic dysfunction. Can you share some of the highlights?
What about multimodality imaging?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Artificial Intelligence in Automated ECG Analysis

Guest: Peter Macfarlane, Ph.D., D.Sc.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss artificial intelligence in automated ECG analysis is Peter Macfarlane, Ph.D., D.Sc. He is a University of Glasgow emeritus professor and honorary senior research fellow who in 2014 was awarded Commander of the British Empire for his services to health care. Tune in to hear what the role of computer interpretation looks like today and where do artificial intelligence-based models fit in with the future of the field.

Specific topics discussed:

Can you share a little bit about your background and how you got into computerized electrocardiography?
How do you see the role of computerized ECG in clinical practice today, and has that evolved over the years?
What are your thoughts on this growing field applying artificial intelligence to the electrocardiogram? Where do you see the potential benefits and limitations with this technology? And will this technology eventually become commonplace and adopted into medical practice?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Hybrid Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation

Guest: Ammar M. Killu, M.B.B.S. (@akillumd) and Arman Arghami, M.D., M.P.H. (@Arghami)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Joining us today to discuss hybrid ablation for atrial fibrillation is Ammar Killu, M.B.B.S., associate professor of medicine in the division of hearth rhythm services in cardiology, and Arman Arghami, M.D., M.P.H., assistant professor of surgery in cardiology at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn more about a new way to treat recurrent atrial fibrillation.

Specific topics discussed:

What does the Hybrid Procedure entail?
The Pros and Cons of Hybrid Ablation.
Why have it done at Mayo?
Who is / is not a good candidate for this procedure?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Tricuspid Regurgitation: What Will it Take to Improve Care?

Guest: Sorin V. Pislaru, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Joining us today to discuss tricuspid regurgitation is Paul Friedman, M.D., a professor of medicine and chair of the department of cardiology and Sorin Pislaru, M.D., a professor of medicine and chair of the division of structural heart disease at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Tune in to learn why people get tricuspid regurgitation and how they present.

Specific topics discussed:

Why do you think care for TR needs to be improved?
Medical care delivery is a complex process. Where do you start changing the current pattern?
TR is very common, and in the vast majority of patients it is secondary to other conditions. Can we apply the TRIO risk score to all patients or is this too simplistic?
If we refer patients earlier are there better medical / interventional options

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Device Agnostic Artificial Intelligence-based Analysis of Ambulatory ECG Recordings

Guest: Alan Kennedy, Ph.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss Device Agnostic Artificial Intelligence-based Analysis of Ambulatory ECG Recordings is Alan Kennedy, Ph.D., biomedical engineer by training, and holds a Ph.D. in the application of deep learning for the diagnosis of medical conditions from Ulster University. His current work focuses on developing wearable ECG patch technology and deep learning algorithms for ECG classification.

Specific topics discussed:

What is meant by device agnostic ECG interpretation
How can AI enable device agnostic ECG interpretation over traditional ECG interpretation software
How will the use of AI-ECG interpretation affect the future of Cardiology

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Echo Guidance for MitraClip

Guest: Jeremy J. Thaden, M.D. (@JeremyThaden)

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

Joining us today to discuss echo guidance for the MitraClip is Dr. Jeremy Thaden, M.D., Associate Professor of Medicine and cardiovascular ultrasound expert at Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

What are the key parameters for patient selection prior to MitraClip?
What do you consider to be the keys to success for procedural guidance?
How do you assess procedural success? Residual mitral regurgitation and transvalvular gradient post-procedure?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Artificial Intelligence to Detect Heart Disease Using Wearables: The Mayo Apple Watch Study

Guest: Paul A. Friedman (@drpaulfriedman) and Itzhak Zachi Attia, Ph.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

Joining us today to discuss the use of artificial intelligence to detect heart disease is Dr. Paul A. Friedman, M.D., Chair of the Department of Cardiology, and Dr. Itzhak Zachi Attia, Ph.D., Co-Director of Artificial Intelligence in the Department of Cardiology at Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minnesota. Dr. Itzhak Zachi Attia is an expert in Heart Rhythm Services and specializes in artificial intelligence.

Specific topics discussed:

You recently completed a study using apple watches in Mayo patients -- what was the purpose, what did you do, and why apple watch?
Can the ECGs be seen by the subject providers or only by the research team?
Did you need to change the AI model to allow it to work on a single lead and what was the final result?
What do you see as next steps and future directions?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Computerized Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Detection

Guest: Bob Farrell, Ph.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

When the heart in the human body's source to pump blood has decreased, it is referred to as the left ventricle. Furthermore, the hypertrophy or the heart's wall eventually loses its firmness, which leads to a higher risk of hypertension or high blood pressure. Often, the heart tends to lose its ability to pump blood. In addition, some signs to stay aware of are feeling fatigued, dizziness, fainting, and frequent chest pain. Patients affected by Left Ventricular Hypertrophy are more at risk of becoming diagnosed if they experience decreased or increased heart rhythm signals or congestive heart failure. Therefore, when the doctor recommends testing, an Electrocardiogram is used to record signals to test the heart rhythm and abnormalities. In addition, an MRI or Echocardiogram is used to test Computerized Left Ventricular Hypertrophy as well.

Joining us today to discuss Computerized Left Ventricular Hypertrophy Detection is Bob Farrell, Ph.D., Principle Engineer in Diagnostic Cardiology at GE Healthcare in Milwaukee, WI. Furthermore, Dr. Farrell is currently a member of the board of directors of the International Society of Computerized Electrocardiology.

Specific topics discussed:

With other modalities available to clinicians (e.g., echo, cardiac MR), is ECG still relevant in the discussion of LVH?
You have recently made some updates in the GE “12SL” program related to LVH. What drove the changes that you made?
Customer feedback, opaqueness of the criteria, ACC/AHA recommendations to manufacturers
So what were the changes you made?
How did you pick which of the many criteria out there to use and how important was it to explicitly list the positive criteria in the interpretation?
You mentioned earlier that ECG-LVH is an entity in its own right and is associated with poorer outcomes. Can you talk about ECG-LVH and risk prediction, and how the changes you’ve made in the GE 12SL program aid in the risk prediction?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Role of 3D Imaging in Complex Structural Heart Procedures (Screening/Suitability and Guidance)

Guest: Jeremy J. Thaden, M.D. (@JeremyThaden)

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

The role of 3D imaging is used to capture images of the heart in “real-time.” Structural heart procedures are usually completed by Echocardiographers. Heart valve disease is the most common structural heart disease. In addition, an Echocardiologist should be familiar with Artificial Intelligence and how it works under 3D Images, focusing on Complex Structural Heart procedures. When doctors conduct screening, it is important to have raw images for reformatting purposes.

Joining us today to discuss the Role of 3D Imaging in Complex Structural Heart Procedures (Screening/Suitability and Guidance is Dr. Jeremy J. Thaden, M.D., Assistant Professor of Medicine in the Department of Cardiology at Mayo Clinic in Rochester Minnesota. Dr. Jeremy Thaden is an expert imager. Furthermore, Dr. Thaden offers his assistance in guiding the Structural Heart Procedures.

Specific topics discussed:

Broadly, what do you think 3D adds to structural echocardiographic imaging?
Who should be doing the screening and procedural guidance for structural heart procedures?
What is the best way to learn to do 3D echocardiography?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Surgical Planning for Bioprosthetic Implantation with a View to Future Transcatheter Valve-in-Valve Implantation

Guest: Juan A. Crestanello, M.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

A Bioprosthetic Implantation is an implanted device to replace a defective heart valve. Furthermore, a Transcatheter Valve-in-Valve Implantation procedure is considered more effective for patients. In addition, a Transcatheter VIV is a redo surgery for patients who have experienced failure of Aortic Bioprosthesis. The transcatheter VIV is less harmful to the human body than Aortic Valve Replacement. Before performing a Transcatheter VIV, doctors consider measurements of the valve and implant position to prevent future complications. Knowing the size and height of the coronary arteries helps prevent the patient from being exposed to coronary obstruction.

Joining us today to discuss Surgical Planning for Bioprosthetic Implantation with a View to Future Transcatheter Valve-in-Valve Implantation is Juan A. Crestanello, M.D., chair of the department of cardiovascular medicine, cardiovascular surgery, and the professor of surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

How often ViV is performed compared with redo AVR?
What are the limitation that prevent performance of ViV?
What is the risk and who is at risk for coronary obstruction during ViV?
What is the risk of patient prosthesis mismatch?
What are the measures you take when performing a surgical AVR to allow for valve in valve in the future?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Emerging ECG Methods for Ischemia Detection

Guest: Salah Al-Zaiti (@al_zaiti)

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

The accuracy of the 12-lead ECG in detecting ischemia will be discussed, as well as the emerging approaches to enhance ECH sensitivity to acute myocardial ischemia. The use of AI for ECG interpretation and how it can help boost the diagnostic yield of the 12-lead ECG for ischemia detection will be reviewed along with the research and future opportunities and recommendations.

Joining us today to discuss Emerging ECG Methods for Ischemia Detection is Salah Al-Zaiti, M.D., Associate Professor of Nursing, Emergency Medicine in Cardiology, Vice Chair of Research, at the Dept. of Acute and Tertiary Care at the Univ. of Pittsburgh School of Nursing.

Specific topics discussed:

The 12-lead ECG is one of the most widely used noninvasive assessments of acute myocardial ischemia in symptomatic patients, namely those with chest pain. However, the ECG remains a suboptimal tool in diagnosing ischemia in this population, requiring the use of numerous diagnostics and assessments. But how accurate exactly is the 12-lead ECG for detecting ischemia? And what are the potential pitfalls of this suboptimal diagnostic accuracy?
Let’s go back to the basics then, what are the ECG basis of acute ischemia? In other words, what are the processes and the mechanistic links between diminished coronary blood flow at the myocardial level and potential manifestations on the surface ECG?
In your most recent commentary paper on the topic at Journal of Electrocardiology, you discuss four emerging approaches to enhance the ECG sensitivity to acute myocardial ischemia: (1) techniques based on novel ECG signatures of ischemia beyond ST-segment and T wave amplitudes; (2) techniques that maximize the spatial coverage of the ECG; (3) techniques based on ECG imaging; and (4) techniques based on artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning. Using novel ECG signatures of ischemia is an intuitive approach, can you elaborate further on this?
Let’s talk a little bit about the second group of approaches, how can we maximize the spatial coverage of the 12-lead ECG and how would this enhance the ECG sensitivity to ischemia?
Let’s move on to the third approach, what exactly is ECG imaging and how it can be used to detect acute myocardial ischemia?
The use of AI for ECG interpretation is growing exponentially, can you comment on how we can use AI to boost the diagnostic yield of the 12-lead ECG for ischemia detection?
Finally, what should the research in this area focus on and what are the future opportunities and recommendations?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Delivery of ASCVD Secondary Prevention Strategies for Rural Communities

Guest: Adelaide Arruda-Olson, M.D.

Host: Stephen Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Dr. Steve Kopecky talks with Dr. Arruda-Olson on the Health of Rural Communities and how to improve our delivery of ASCVD preventive care to rural communities. They will define the rural communities and will talk about how to define secondary prevention. Discussion on why rural communities have more risk factors and how the barriers will be addressed in the Mayo Clinic Health Systems.

Joining us today to discuss Delivery of ASCVD Secondary Prevention Strategies for Rural Communities is Adelaide Arruda-Olson, M.D., Associate Professor of Medicine, Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Rochester, MN

Specific topics discussed:

What is secondary prevention?
How do you define rural communities?
Rural communities have an older population, lower income, hospitals are sparse, with less providers & services offered. How can we overcome these issues when trying to achieve secondary prevention?
Why do rural communities have more diabetes, obesity, HTN, tobacco, inactivity, obesity among children, drug overdose death?
Rural communities tend to be whiter than Urban communities but 54% of native Americans live in rural communities. Are there any special approaches you have for the native American group?
Why do rural communities have worse health outcomes?
What are the SOLUTIONS?
It appears that it needs to be multifactorial-not only providers, pharmacist APCs, ENTs, but also payment structures for rural care, Telehealth, bricks and mortar for hospitals, and certainly more research ?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

In Whom Should LVOT/Aortic Root Enlargement Be Performed at the Time of AVR

Guest: Juan A. Crestanello, M.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

Whom should an LVOT and/or Root Enlargement be performed at the time of an aortic value replacement? You will learn what a root enlargement is, why and how it is done, things to avoid, what to allow for in the future. You will hear what the risks of performing a root enlargement are and if it can be done in a redo surgery as well as its alternatives.

Joining us today to discuss In Whom Should LVOT/Aortic Root Enlargement Be Performed at the Time of AVR is Juan A. Crestanello, M.D., Professor of Surgery, Chair of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

What is an aortic root enlargement? How is it done?
Why do a root enlargement? Avoid patient prosthesis mismatch, allow for ViV in the future, prevent structural valve deterioration
What is the risk of performing a root enlargement?
Can you do a root enlargement in a redo surgery?
What are the alternatives to a root enlargement?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Improving ECG Literacy

Guest: Adrian Baranchuk, M.D. (@adribaran)

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Learn through this podcast what recommended teaching methods should be applied to ECG interpretation in learning this skill. Is there any value of continual medical education in ECG and what is the role of digital platforms in ECG Education? Learn also the benefits of ECG Books and what the International Society of Electrocardiology (ISE) -Young Community can do for learners of ECG?

Joining us today to discuss Improving ECG Literacy is Dr. Adrian Barnachuk, professor of medicine at Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada. He serves as the editor-in-chief of the "Journal of Electrocardiology and "JACC" in Spanish. He is the past president of the International Society of Electrocardiology, the current vice president of the The International Society for Holter and Noninvasive Electrocardiology, and he's the president-elect of the Interamerican Society of Cardiology. His contribution to the medical field is undeniable by anyone, with more than 600 authored medical articles, 57 book chapters and counting, and 10 books.

Specific topics discussed:

What teaching methods should we apply to teach ECG?
Any value of continual medical education on ECGs?
What’s the role of digital platforms in ECG Education?
Why did you create the ISE-Young Community…what is it? How young colleagues or residents can join?
Any value of new ECG books these days?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

AI in Echocardiography: Any Role for the Physician?

Guest: Patricia A. Pellikka, M.D. (@pattypellikka)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Learn about the current practice of echocardiography and how artificial Intelligence (AI) is used today. You will hear about the developments that are underway and the advantages of AI methods applied in echocardiography, as well as how AI will help increase the accuracy and precision in a complicated exam. Will AI replace physician interpreters of echocardiography, listen to this podcast to hear what Dr. Pellikka has to say.

Joining us today to discuss AI in Echocardiography: Any Role for the Physician? is Patricia A. Pellikka, M.D., professor of medicine, editor of the Journal of The American Society of Echocardiography and previous chair of the division of cardiac ultrasound at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Tell about the current practice of echo: Is AI currently being used? If so, how?
What developments are underway in AI and echo?
What are the advantages of AI methods applied to echo?
Will AI replace physician interpreters of echocardiography?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Inflammation in Cardiovascular Disease

Guest: Cornelia Weyand, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Ever wonder how someone can suffer from cardiovascular diseases such as Heart Failure, Coronary artery disease, and Cardiomyopathy? Common risk factors for suffering from cardiovascular diseases are the effects of hypertension and high cholesterol. Furthermore, inflammation in cardiovascular diseases is a risk factor as well. Inflammation is the response to injuries or bacteria in the body’s immune system. However, inflammation can tend to work against the body’s immune system. At times, various amounts of plaque enter the arteries as a response it could trigger inflammation.

Joining us today to discuss Inflammation in Cardiovascular Diseases is Cornelia Weyand, M.D., Ph.D. professor of medicine and immunology and has an appointment in Cardiovascular Medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Should we classify and treat coronary artery disease as an inflammatory condition?
What are the drivers of the immune cells that accumulate in the atherosclerotic lesions?
Besides metabolic syndrome, are there other risk factors that predispose individuals to atherosclerotic disease?
During the COVID pandemic, individuals with cardiovascular disease were at particularly high risk for severe infection or death. What are the underlying mechanisms?
As we recognize atherosclerosis as an immune-mediated disease, what are the therapeutic implications?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

PVC Localization and Management

Guest: William G. Stevenson, M.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss PVC Localization and Management is William G. Stevenson, M.D., professor of medicine at Vanderbilt University Medical School, in Nashville Tennessee.

Specific topics discussed:

What are some of the initial concerns of Premature Ventricular Complexes?
How do you classify the alarming features you mentioned, what should we be thinking about?
How are prolonged ECG recordings evaluated?
How do you make the call to send the patient to the EP Lab or for an Ablation?
Is there ever a case of a young person with the probability of channelopathy or ion disorder?
What is your approach to working to localize these pvs's on the ECG?
Is there an area that we should be looking for with more alarming pvc's and they are coming from?
Using your approach and from the 12-lead EKG, how do you translate those to mapping during a electrophysiology test?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Contemporary Topics in SCAD

Guest: Marysia S. Tweet, M.D., M.S. (@marysia_tweet)

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

SCAD, also known as Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection, is defined as a tear in an artery wall within the heart, which decreases blood flow to the heart. In addition, patients without treatment are at risk of having a heart attack or chances of experiencing cardiac arrest. 90% of SCAD cases were found in women. However, men can also experience SCAD. Some triggers that can lead to SCAD are intense weightlifting, severe high blood pressure, emotional stress, and more.

Joining us today to discuss Contemporary Topics in SCAD is Marysia S. Tweet, M.D., M.S associate professor of medicine and consultant in the Division of Ischemic Heart Disease as well as joint appointment in the Division of Cardiovascular Ultrasound at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

What do you tell patients when they ask will SCAD happen again?
How do you advise regarding exercise after SCAD?
What do you tell women of childbearing age regarding future pregnancy after SCAD?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Guest: Vidhu Anand, MBBS, FACC, FASE (@vidhu_anand)

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension have a life expectancy of one to three years if left untreated. CTPH is usually caused by blood clots that are prolonged in the body for a certain period. In addition, the blood tends to back up into the lungs, which increases the patient's blood pressure. Some risk factors that can lead to CTPH are obesity, smoking, and cancer.

Joining us today to discuss Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension is Vidhu Anand, MBBS, FACC, FASE, assistant professor of medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

What is chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension?
How is it diagnosed?
What are different treatment options for management of CTEPH?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Manual Methods to Differentiate Wide Complex Tachycardias

Guest: Adam M. May, M.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss Manual Methods to Differentiate Wide Complex Tachycardias is Adam M. May, M.D. cardiac intensivist, and assistant professor of medicine at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri.

Specific topics discussed:

Can you give us a broad overview of the different types of manual methods that clinicians have at their disposal to differentiate WCTs?
You mentioned multi-step algorithms, which are commonly recognized and one of the utilized manual approaches. What do you think are the more common algorithms, and maybe you can share some of the overarching rationale behind their formulation?
You made mention of VT AS A DEFAULT DIAGNOSIS. What do you mean by this and what is its rationale?
How about some of the simple one-step methods such as the R-wave-to-peak time? Can you define this method, and share what you think about this method along with how you use it clinically?
It appears that in many cases, VT and SWCT cannot be confidently distinguished using a single criterion alone and so many authors devise alternative approaches (like point-based algorithms). Can you go over the rationale for these methods and describe some of the options that might be helpful to use in clinical practice?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) Treatment

Guest: Robert D. McBane, II M.D.

Host: Stephen Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Most patients, who have Peripheral Artery Disease, do not experience the symptoms right away. However, patients affected with PAD will likely experience symptoms such as pain in the legs during walking and loss of hair. PAD limits the blood flow from the vessels to the heart. Without the proper treatment, the effects of PAD can lead to amputation of the foot or legs. Major amputation can potentially lower the life expectancy of patients that are affected with PAD.

Joining us today to discuss Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) Treatment is Robert D. McBane, II M.D. professor of medicine in the department of cardiovascular medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

How do you define PAD?
Is invasive or noninvasive imaging diagnosis required? Or can be based on ABI? Or is physical exam adequate with a bruit in the carotids, renals, or femorals?
In PAD, are risk factors the same as in cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease?
Why is having PAD a greater risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality than coronary artery disease or cerebrovascular disease?
Do any risk factors predominate in PAD? (e.g., is smoking more prevalent?)
Are you checking lipoprotein a in patients with PAD at an early age?
Has treatment of risk factors been shown to significantly reduce CV morbidity or mortality in patients with PAD?
When is ABI indicated and when is toe-brachial index indicated? (What is the definition of noncompressible vessels?)
When should we do exercise ABI?
For treatment, other than treating the risk factors of lipids, smoking, hypertension, diabetes, or other treatments indicated such as anti-platelet and if so his aspirin adequate, what dose, or other anti-platelet agents indicated?
Clopidogrel should be added when? Can be given in place of aspirin?
When is cilostazol recommended? Can you give with heart failure-HFpEF and HFrEF? Does this improve outcomes-walking distance or also overall morbidity and mortality?
What home walking program is best to recommend for patients with PAD?
Do patients with PAD get as aggressive treatment for risk factor control as do CV or cerebrovascular disease patients?
Why are patients with PAD less often treated aggressively for risk factor control? Is that the patient or the caregiver?
Any other new drugs available that are beneficial?
When is revascularization helpful to consider?
There is emerging evidence that lower LDL cholesterol (LDL less than 60) significantly benefits patients with CAD-is there any evidence lower LDL is beneficial in PAD?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Aortic Regurgitation

Guest: Vidhu Anand, MBBS, FACC, FASE (@vidhu_anand)

Host: Paul A Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Joining us today to discuss Aortic Regurgitation is Vidhu Anand, MBBS, FACC, FASE, assistant professor of medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

What is aortic regurgitation, how prevalent is it, and how are patients diagnosed and followed-up?
Is there role of MRI in diagnosis and follow up of these patients?
What are the different treatment options? Valve repair and replacement. We can discuss the very low operative mortality at centers of excellence, such as Mayo Clinic and option for valve repair which is particularly attractive for young patients who want to avoid anticoagulation
Why is it important to refer patients early for intervention before there is onset of significant myocardial injury?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

The ECG in Lyme Carditis

Guest: Adrian Baranchuk, M.D. (@adribaran)

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss ECG in Lyme Carditis is Adrian Baranchuk, M.D., professor of medicine at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario, Canada.

Specific topics discussed:

What is the role of the ECG in the diagnosis of Lyme carditis?
Once suspected, what would you suggest doing to monitor heart rate?
Any role for subsequent ECGs?
If not treated, what could happen to a patient with first degree AV block?
Do all patients with Lyme carditis need a pacemaker?
How do you follow treated patients with Lyme carditis? What is the role of the ECG?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Echo in the OR

Guest: Hector Michelena, M.D. (@michelenahector)

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

Joining us today to discuss Echo in the OR is Hector Michelena, M.D., professor of medicine and research director for the division of structural heart disease and cardiovascular ultrasound at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

What is perioperative echo?
What evidence supports intra-operative TEE?
What are the crucial junctures during IOTEE and what are their principles?
You said that valvular surgery was a critical aspect of IOTEE, what are the principles of IOTEE in valvular surgery?
What didactic resources would you recommend for the echocardiographer learning IOTEE

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Why Quantitative Measures Matter in Valvular Heart Disease

Guest: Jeremy J. Thaden, M.D. (@JeremyThaden)

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

Joining us today to discuss Why Quantitative Measures Matter in Valvular Heart Disease is Jeremy Thaden, M.D., assistant professor of cardiovascular medicine and vice chair for the division of cardiac ultrasound at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

How do you use valve quantification in echo and what are specific examples of quantitation in valvular heart disease?
What is the benefit of quantifying valvular lesions?
Where do you see echo quantitation going in the future?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

ECG Features and Principles to Differentiate Wide Complex Tachycardias

Guest: Adam M. May, M.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss ECG Features and Principles to Differentiate Wide Complex Tachycardias is Adam M. May, M.D. cardiac intensivist, and assistant professor of medicine at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri.

Specific topics discussed:

What are some of the underlying electrophysiologic features you look for when trying to determine the site of origin of a wide complex tachyarrhythmia using the 12-lead ECG?
You highlighted the importance of AV dissociation in distinguishing VT and SWCT. Can you discuss this concept in more detail, and how AV dissociation might manifest on the ECG?
What do you mean by term morphologic criteria, and when is this helpful in differentiating WCTs?
Another criterion we often look for is chest lead concordance. How exactly do you define this, and can you discuss the underlying electrophysiological basis for it as well as its practical value?
Why is comparing a patient's WCT ECG and baseline ECG so valuable?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Inflammation and Heart Disease (CRP, ESR)

Guest: Anna Svatikova, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Stephen Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Joining us today to discuss Inflammation and Heart Disease is Anna Svatikova, M.D., Ph.D., assistant professor of medicine in the department of cardiovascular diseases, a division of preventive cardiology at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

What is inflammation as it relates to the heart and CV system?
What are the effects of inflammation? Are there symptoms? If so, what are they?
Is it important and if so, why?
What causes inflammation? Lifestyle? Weight? Food? Physical activity?
How can someone reduce inflammation in their body? Medications? Lifestyle? Foods? Physical activity?
How do we measure inflammation? Are there blood tests or physical exam findings?
How does the body react to inflammation – is the bone marrow involved?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

FH: What it is, Increased Cardiovascular Risk, Ruling Out Secondary Causes, and When to Refer

Guest: Alicia Mickow, APRN, C.N.P., M.S.N. (@aliann2011)

Host: Stephen Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Joining us today to discuss Familial Hypercholesterolemia is Alicia Mickow, APRN, C.N.P., M.S.N., nurse practitioner at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

What is FH? What is the clinical definition?
What causes FH? Polygenic vs monogenic
How do we categorize FH?
Clinical criteria,
LDL Criteria ≥190 mg,
Genetic criteria
What is the Overlap Among the Different Definitions of Familial Hypercholesterolemia?
When should we suspect FH?
Is treatment different than what we give patients that do not have Familial Hypercholesterolemia?
What is the goal of therapy FH?
Are all patients with high LDL at risk for developing CAD?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

ECG Screening in Athletes

Guest: Konstantinos Siontis, M.D.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss ECG Screening in Athletes is Konstantinos Siontis, M.D., senior associate consultant and board-certified practicing cardiac electrophysiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Why is ECG screening in athletes potentially important? What is the current status?
What are the challenges? Why does it remain controversial in the US?
Are there any opportunities for improvement of the yield of the screening approach?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Frailty and Cardiovascular Diseases

Guest: Carmen Terzic, M.D., Ph.D.

Host: Stephen Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Joining us today to discuss Frailty and Cardiovascular Diseases is Carmen Terzic, M.D., Ph.D., professor of physical medicine and rehabilitation and chair of the cardiac rehab clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

What is frailty? How do we define it yet? How is it measured? Is it different for men and women? Does it differ by disease diagnosis or by age?
Why is it important to know?
Does it predict response to therapy? Are there some therapies we would not render if the pt is too frail?
Can frailty change with training, lifestyle change, exercise, weight loss?
Should we be assessing frailty and all of our patients? If not, which one should we focus on most where is helpful?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Heart Failure

Guest: Grace Lin, M.D. (@Grace_Lin_MD)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Joining us today to discuss Functional Mitral Regurgitation in Heart Failure is Grace Lin, M.D., professor of medicine and vice chair for the division of circulatory failure at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

What is functional mitral regurgitation
Why does it occur in heart failure?
How do you treat it?
Who is eligible for MitraClip?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Fostering Innovation in Cardiology & Partnerships Between Engineers and Academics: Innovation Into Products

Guest: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss Fostering Innovation in Cardiology & Partnerships Between Engineers and Academics: Innovation Into Products is Paul A. Friedman, M.D., professor of medicine in cardiology and chair of the department of cardiology at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

The ECG has been around for over 100 years -- are there really opportunities to innovate in this space -- what are the opportunities?
What are the opportunities and challenges in recruiting engineers to a medical center?
Are the ECG innovations scalable? How does a medical center bring these to patients widely?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Mavacamten for HCM

Guest: Jeffrey B. Geske, M.D. (@jeffreygeske)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Joining us today to discuss new treatment approaches for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is Jeffrey B. Geske, M.D., professor of medicine and Cardiologist specializing in imaging at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

What is Mavacamten, how does it work?
How has Mavacamten been used in patients with HCM?
What is the VALOR-HCM trial?
How do you foresee Mavacamten use altering the treatment landscape in HCM?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

AI-EKG Screening Predicted Long-Term Survival After Heart Surgery, Could Be Tool for Assessing Risks

Guest: Mohamad Alkhouli, M.D.

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Joining us today to discuss novel forms of risk stratification before cardiac surgery is Mohamad Alkhouli, M.D., professor of medicine, Interventional Cardiologist, and Director for Virtual and Augmented Reality at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

How is risk stratification done and why it is important
Differences between a patient with normal and abnormal AI-ECG
Areas of potential pitfalls for AI applications
Could AI be used in predicting future management
Would AI eliminate the need for physicians

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

The Importance of the ECG in Interpreting Troponin

Guest: Allan S. Jaffe, M.D.

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

Joining us today to discuss high sensitivity cardiac troponin levels is Allan S. Jaffe, M.D., professor of medicine in cardiology and laboratory medicine and pathology at Mayo Clinic Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

How to best use high sensitivity cardiac troponin levels in suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the utility of the ECG in those cases
How the evaluation of cardiac troponin levels can be performed in various patient populations:
- Acutely ill
- Post-operative
- Chronic medical conditions

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Mitral Annular Disjunction

Guest: Samuel J. Asirvatham, M.D.

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Joining us today to discuss mitral annular disjunction (MAD) is Samuel J. Asirvatham, M.D., professor of medicine and pediatrics, Vice Chair for Innovation, and Director of Electrophysiology Laboratory at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

What is mitral annular disjunction?
What kind of problems does mitral annular disjunction cause?
Are some imaging abnormalities more important than others?
ECG changes/abnormalities as well as rhythm abnormalities.
Next steps for a patient who is asymptomatic with a report of mitral annular disjunction.

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Chronic Total Occlusion of the Coronary Artery

Guest: Abhiram Prasad, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Chronic total occlusion percutaneous coronary intervention (CTO PCI) is a minimally invasive technique used to treat patients with chronic total occlusion (CTO), or complete blockages, of the coronary arteries.

Joining us today to discuss CTO PCI is Abhiram Prasad, M.D., an interventional cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Which patient should be referred for CTO PCI?
What’s are the current success rates
What has led to improved procedural success?
Are the risks different to non-CTO PCI?
Is restenosis/reocclusion inevitable?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Remote Cardiac Monitoring

Guest: David E. Albert, M.D. (@DrDave01)

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. (@anthonykashoumd)

This episode will cover the role of personal and remote solutions in the current era of medical care, how the pandemic has impacted this field, the importance of FDA clearance on new technologies, and how an idea can be transformed into reality.

Joining us today to discuss remote cardiac monitoring is David E. Albert, M.D., physician, inventor and serial entrepreneur. He is the founder of InnovAlarm, Lifetone Technology and AliveCor.

Specific topics discussed:

The creation of the AliveCor device and bringing this idea into the current medical practice
The role personal and remote solutions play in medical care today
How the pandemic has impacted the use of remote cardiac care and monitoring solutions
The impact digital health solutions like remote monitoring plays in enhancing the doctor-patient relationship
The value of pursuing FDA clearance for fortifying patient-provider confidence in remote monitoring devices

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Ultrasound: Incorporate Into Your Critical Care Assessment

Guests: Courtney E. Bennett, D.O.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

In patients that get admitted to the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU) research has shown it is beneficial to perform a clinical assessment followed by a Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS) exam. POCUS imaging may complement the clinical assessment to help guide the differential diagnosis. Ultimately, incorporating intervention protocol with diagnostic imaging, you can improve patient outcomes.

Joining us today to discuss POCUS in critical care assessment is Courtney E. Bennett, D.O., a cardiologist and the director of the cardiac intensive care unit at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

What is Point-of-Care Ultrasound (POCUS)
Should we utilize POCUS instead of physical exam?
When should we perform POCUS?
Can POCUS improve outcomes?
Should we use POCUS in resuscitation/ACLS?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Left Main Coronary Disease – Selecting the Best Treatment

Guests: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D. and Juan A. Crestanello, M.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

In patients with left main coronary artery disease of low or intermediate anatomical complexity, there was no significant difference between percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary-artery bypass grafting with respect to the rate of the composite outcome of death, stroke, or myocardial infarction at 5 years.

Joining us today to discuss the findings of the EXCEL Trail and how it has impacted clinical treatment is Juan A. Crestanello, M.D., a cardiovascular surgeon and Chair of the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, and Malcolm R. Bell, M.D., an interventional cardiologist and Vice Chair of Cardiology at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Patients studied in the EXCEL trial and major outcomes
5 year outcome of death, stroke, or myocardial infarction between coronary-artery bypass grafting or percutaneous coronary intervention
Patient differences in coronary-artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention
Impact the EXCEL trial has had in the clinical setting
What types of patients are recommend for coronary-artery bypass grafting versus percutaneous coronary intervention

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Prospective AI - ECG Trials

Guest: Peter A. Noseworthy, M.D. (@noseworthypeter)

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

Mayo Clinic specialists use artificial intelligence (AI)-augmented electrocardiogram (ECG) algorithms to assess ejection fraction, atrial fibrillation, aortic stenosis, comprehensive ECG interpretation; and more. Clinical trials help determine where and how the algorithms can best be used in patient care.

Joining us today to discuss AI-augmented ECG algorithms prospective clinical trials is Peter A. Noseworthy, M.D., a cardiac electrophysiologist and director of the Heart Rhythm and Physiological Monitoring Laboratory at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Next steps to ensure AI-augmented ECG algorithms reach clinical practice
Current use of AI-augmented ECG algorithms at Mayo Clinic
Models that have performed well and models that have not
How to measure and evaluate each model's success
What the clinical trials design looks like
Feedback obtained from providers using the tool
Rigorous evaluation required

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Effects of a Low-Carbohydrate Diet on Insulin-Resistant Dyslipoproteinemia - A Randomized Controlled Feeding Trial

Guest: Stephen Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Research supports that a Mediterranean diet that's low in carbohydrates is a good diet for most people to consider to avoid heart risk factors and stay healthy.

Joining us today to discuss a study of the effects of diet on insulin-resistant dyslipoproteinemia is Stephen Kopecky, M.D., a preventive cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Kopecky is the author of Live Younger Longer, which describes how to use lifestyle to prevent heart disease.

Specific topics discussed:

Goals and importance of a study on the effects of a low-carbohydrate diet on insulin-resistant dyslipoproteinemia
Three diet variations
Diets' effects on total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and other risk markers
Possible effects of lifestyle changes on lipoprotein (a)
How this diet differs from other low-carbohydrate diets
Separating the impact of fats and carbohydrates from the impact of processed foods
How this diet differs from a ketogenic diet or the Atkin's diet
Why the three diets were applied after initial weight loss
Patient characteristics and comorbidities to consider in diet selection

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Percutaneous Mitral Valve Replacement

Guest: Mayra Guerrero, M.D. (@MayraGuerreroMD)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Transcatheter mitral valve replacement is a minimally invasive procedure that allows specialists to replace the mitral valve without the need for standard open-heart surgery.

Joining us today to discuss transcatheter mitral valve replacement is Mayra Guerrero, M.D., an interventional cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Explanation of transcatheter mitral valve replacement
Transfemoral and transapical approaches
Transcatheter versus standard mitral surgery
Valve type, reliability and durability
Transcatheter mitral valve replacement in clinical trials
Candidates for transcatheter mitral valve replacement
Patient evaluation process
Valve replacement versus valve repair
Mitral clip considerations
Complications and post-procedure management
Care of the transseptal puncture

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

ECG Education: Where Are We and Where Do We Go?

Guest: Nandan S. Anavekar, M.B., B.Ch. (@nandananavekar)

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

Despite the clinical importance and broad use of the electrocardiogram (ECG), ECG literacy is uncommon among medical providers. Why is ECG competency uncommon? Does the lack of ECG literacy have unintended consequences? How can education in the art of the ECG be revitalized?

Joining us today to discuss ECG competency is Nandan S. Anavekar, M.B., B.Ch., Cardiovascular Medicine and Radiology, at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Anavekar's experience learning ECG skills
Training and reviews that make Dr. Anavekar's skills "stick" — a work in progress
Disconnect between perceived and actual ECG competency among general medical professionals
Impact of computerized interpretation of ECG on provider competency
Recommended improvements in early training for ECG interpretation
Thoughts on the delivery, assessment and measurement of competency
Career and personal advice for medical learners

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

High Sensitivity Troponin

Guest: Allan S. Jaffe, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

High-sensitivity troponin assays improve detection of myocardial infarction (MI). The assays detect low concentrations of the troponin protein, shortening the time interval required to identify myocardial injury and MI.

Joining us today to discuss the role of the high-sensitivity troponin assay in the setting of MI is Allan S. Jaffe, M.D., a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

How the high-sensitivity troponin assay differs from previous assays of sensitive cardiac troponin
Principles to guide clinicians in the use of the high-sensitivity troponin assay
Troponin T assay or troponin I assay to detect myocardial injury vs. MI
Utility of the high-sensitivity troponin assay in the emergency department
Rapid rule-in and rapid rule-out protocols
Patient flow and efficiency in the emergency department

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

New Standard Therapy for Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction - When and How to Introduce SGLT2 Inhibitors

Guest: Margaret M. Redfield, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

A new class of agents with powerful effects on cardiovascular outcomes has quickly amassed a compelling body of evidence for its use: sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors.

Joining us today to discuss the use of SGLT2 inhibitors for the treatment of patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is Margaret M. Redfield, M.D., a cardiologist and heart failure specialist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Evidence supporting the use of SGLT2 inhibitors in patients with HFrEF
Treatment impact on patients with heart and renal failure
Patients who are ineligible for use of SGLT2 inhibitors
How to select patients and begin treatment in the outpatient setting, including titration requirements
Collaboration with specialists managing care for patients with diabetes
Inpatient treatment
Overcoming hesitation among cardiologists in prescribing SGLT2 inhibitors
Considerations for the treatment of patients who present with diabetic ketoacidosis

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

STEMI/NSTEMI and OMI/NOMI Paradigms

Guest: Stephen W. Smith, M.D.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

Early detection of acute myocardial infarction (MI) can impact patients' immediate care and long-term outcomes. Most trained physicians can detect common ST-elevation MI (STEMI) patterns on ECG. However, a subset of patients does not present with common STEMI patterns. There are ECG patterns that can be identified to improve patient outcomes but are not yet widely known or accepted in current guidelines.

Joining us today to discuss the STEMI versus non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and occlusion MI (OMI) versus nonocclusion MI (NOMI) paradigms is Stephen W. Smith, M.D., Emergency Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, in Minneapolis.

Specific topics discussed:

The problem with the STEMI versus NSTEMI dichotomy
Subgroup within the NSTEMI cohort that may benefit from emergent reperfusion therapy
ECG findings to watch for — beyond, standard STEMI findings — that indicate an occluded artery
Access to Dr. Smith's evaluation formula
Patterns to watch for in diagnosis of OMI
Benign mimickers
Key takeaways for the novice interpreter
Other clinical factors to watch for that may indicate OMI
Recommendations for emergency medicine providers

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Imaging in HCM

Guest: Jeffrey B. Geske, M.D. (@jeffreygeske)

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

ACA/AHA guidelines related to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were modified in 2020. Although recommendations for the diagnosis of adult patients reflect minimal change, guidelines for the diagnosis of pediatric patients include new cutoffs. From an imaging perspective, the decision-making algorithm for sudden cardiac death risk stratification incorporates variables not present in prior guidelines.

Joining us today to discuss imaging in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is Jeffrey B. Geske, M.D., Cardiology, at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Benefits of echocardiography and cardiac MRI in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Scar burden and guidelines for quantification
Imaging guidelines for apical variant hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Recommendations for frequency of cardiac MRI related to delayed gadolinium enhancement
Role of serial imaging in the clinical management of patients
Best methods to assess dynamic outflow tract obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Use of squat-to-stand and valsalva maneuvers
Changes pertaining to imaging for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in the 2020 ACA/AHA guidelines

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

New HCM Guidelines

Guest: Steve R. Ommen, M.D. (@SteveOmmen)

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

The distinguished chair of the writing committee for the AHA/ACC 2020 hypertrophic cardiomyopathy guidelines discusses key points in the evolution of guidelines since 2011.

Joining us today to discuss current hypertrophic cardiomyopathy guidelines is Steve R. Ommen, M.D., a cardiologist and the director of the Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Major changes to the guidelines
- Importance of allowing patients to participate in informed decisions related to their care
- Advocating for the role of comprehensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy centers
- Clarification of screening of children and adolescents
- Risk stratification for sudden cardiac death
- Emerging implications for use of septal reduction therapies
- Healthy lifestyles and exercise risks and benefits
- Guidelines accessibility on American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association apps
Concept of shared decision making and incorporation of the risk calculator into conversation with the patient
Revisions to risk factors for sudden cardiac death
Discrepancies with 2014-2015 European Society of Cardiology guidelines
Partnership and teamwork between comprehensive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy centers and non-center-based cardiologists
Guidelines for screening of adolescents
Recommendations for active healthy lifestyles and competitive athletes
Cautions regarding patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy who develop atrial fibrillation

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Evolution of Computerized ECG Interpretation

Guest: Peter Macfarlane, Ph.D., D.Sc.

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

In the 1960s, investigative works for the methods to analyze electrocardiograms (ECGs) with automated techniques were conducted at the University of Glasgow. The evolution of the University of Glasgow's ECG interpretation software — now used worldwide — has shaped the ECG criteria used in clinical practice today.

Joining us today to discuss ECG analysis is Peter Macfarlane, Ph.D., D.Sc., the lead developer of the program. He is a University of Glasgow emeritus professor and honorary senior research fellow who in 2014 was awarded a Commander of the British Empire for his services to health care.

Specific topics discussed:

History of ECG analysis at the University of Glasgow
Other researchers involved in early ECG interpretation and development
Key features required and criteria needed to recognize sinus rhythm
What the process of commercial development looked like
Clinical trials and studies that validated the work
Impact of age, sex, race and ethnicity on the ECG
The future of the Glasgow technique in electrocardiography

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

PYP Imaging in Conjunction with Cardiac Amyloid Clinic

Guest: Omar F. Abou Ezzeddine, M.D., C.M., M.S. (@abouezzeddine)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

There has been a revolution in the diagnosis of amyloid heart disease: Nuclear imaging has made endomyocardial biopsy the exception, rather than the rule.

Joining us today to discuss the role of nuclear imaging in the diagnosis of amyloid heart disease is Omar F. Abou Ezzeddine, M.D., C.M., M.S., a consultant in Cardiovascular Medicine and director of the Cardiac Sarcoid Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Types of amyloid that infiltrate the heart muscle and cause myocardial toxicity
Pyrophosphate (PYP) detection of those amyloids
PYP imaging limitations and drawbacks, including risk of false-positives and false-negatives
Limitations of single-photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging
Pros and cons of hybrid SPECT-CT vs. SPECT-alone imaging
Role of PYP imaging in assessment of therapeutic response

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

PET Imaging for Cardiac Sarcoidosis in Conjunction with Cardiac Sarcoid Clinic

Guest: Omar F. Abou Ezzeddine, M.D., C.M., M.S. (@abouezzeddine)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging can help diagnose and manage heart disease in a way that eliminates the need for heart tissue samples and replaces more complex, less effective imaging approaches.

Joining us today to discuss PET imaging for cardiac sarcoidosis is Omar F. Abou Ezzeddine, M.D., C.M., M.S., a consultant in Cardiovascular Medicine and director of the Cardiac Sarcoidosis Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Introduction to sarcoidosis
Rationale behind the use of PET imaging to assess for cardiac sarcoidosis
When to suspect cardiac sarcoidosis
Necessity of whole-body imaging for diagnosis
Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and PET imaging and a role for hybrid imaging
Artificial intelligence applications for PET imaging

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Computerized ECG Interpretation Software

Guest: Ian Rowlandson

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. and Peter A. Noseworthy, M.D. (@noseworthypeter)

Since the first human electrocardiogram (ECG) was recorded in 1887, the clinical use, means to interpret and ability to record cardiac biosignals have continued to evolve. Computerized electrocardiography software has helped with ECG interpretation, improved clinical workflow, and advanced the understanding of electrophysiology.

Joining us today to discuss computerized electrocardiography is Ian Rowlandson, a biomedical engineer and chief scientist of diagnostic cardiology at GE Healthcare, which supplies Mayo Clinic's ECG technology.

Specific topics discussed:

Development of computerized electrocardiography software
Evolution of the automated ECG interpretation process
Interpretation and benefits of serial ECG comparison
Common challenges in the development of ECG algorithms
Common diagnoses that are difficult for ECG algorithms to capture
Changes, including artificial intelligence, expanding the focus of ECG interpretation
Future of computerized electrocardiography

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

HFpEF Diagnosis and Treatment in the Cath Lab

Guest: Barry A. Borlaug, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), formerly referred to as diastolic heart failure, is defined hemodynamically as an inability of the heart to pump blood adequately at normal filling pressures. But while some people have high filling pressures while at rest, others have high filling pressures during exercise. Diagnosis of HFpEF in the Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory involves both at-rest and exercise studies.

Joining us today to discuss the diagnosis of HFpEF and patient selection for Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory testing is Barry A. Borlaug, M.D., a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

HFpEF defined
Diagnosis and patient selection for catheterization laboratory testing
H2FpEF scoring system
Catheterization laboratory at-rest and exercise studies, tests and measurements
Key parameters for HFpEF diagnosis
General study length
Treatment recommendations
Cardiac rehabilitation considerations

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Inclisiran – How Does it Really Work?

Guest: R. Scott Wright, M.D.

Host: Stephen Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

In 2021, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the use of inclisiran to lower low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in people with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Joining us today to discuss inclisiran is R. Scott Wright, M.D., a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Wright was intimately involved in planning recent studies of inclisiran and reporting the results.

Specific topics discussed:

How inclisiran works
FDA-identified indications for use
Administration and dosing
Cost of the drug
LDL cholesterol reduction results
Initial and long-term side effects
Long-term benefits and studies
Inclisiran and lipoprotein (a)
Off-target effects and drug-drug interaction monitoring
The ideal patient and patients who are not appropriate to receive inclisiran
Research outcomes for patients who are statin intolerant

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

The Journal of Electrocardiology And A Future Glimpse

Guest: Adrian Baranchuk, M.D. (@adribaran)

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. and Peter A. Noseworthy, M.D. (@noseworthypeter)

The Journal of Electrocardiology has documented the evolution of the field since 1968. The peer-reviewed medical journal remains a go-to resource for physicians around the world.

Joining us today to discuss why and how the electrocardiogram (ECG) has withstood the test of time and where he envisions the field heading is Adrian Baranchuk, M.D., Journal of Echocardiology editor-in-chief. Guest host Peter A. Noseworthy, M.D., Cardiovascular Medicine, at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, also joins the conversation.

Specific topics discussed:

Baranchuk's experience and involvement with electrocardiology and how it led to his position as editor-in-chief
Challenges faced to ensure the journal remains a leader in the field
Fascination with the ECG and features responsible for its enduring role in medicine
Baranchuk's current research and vision for the future of ECG

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Pre-Operative Evaluation Prior to Non-Cardiac Surgery

Guest: Michael W. Cullen, M.D. (@mwcullen)

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Cardiovascular preoperative evaluation of patients with known or suspected heart disease who are in need of noncardiac surgery is a common scenario.

Joining us today to discuss cardiovascular preoperative evaluation prior to noncardiac surgery is Michael W. Cullen, M.D., Cardiovascular Ultrasound, at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Five-step algorithm for evaluation of patients in the outpatient clinic
Evaluation of patients with no symptoms receiving high-risk procedures
When additional testing is necessary
Data strength regarding improved outcomes from revascularization prior to noncardiac surgery
Medications to add or remove before surgery

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

Resource(s): Prevention of Complications in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Role of Imaging in Known or Suspected Infective Endocarditis

Guest: Michael W. Cullen, M.D. (@mwcullen)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

The diagnosis and treatment of patients with infective endocarditis can be complex. Successful outcomes require multidisciplinary support for imaging, management and therapy.

Joining us today to discuss the use of imaging in the initial evaluation and management of infective endocarditis is Michael W. Cullen, M.D., a cardiologist and expert echocardiographer at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Risk factors, signs and symptoms that raise the suspicion of infective endocarditis
Comprehensive physical examinations necessary for diagnosis
Hospitalization, blood cultures and antibiotics required for evaluation
Imaging types and considerations for use
Potential complications and their diagnosis
Role of imaging in the management of infective endocarditis
Surveillance imaging and follow-up

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Why Wide Complex Tachycardia Differentiation Matters

Guest: Adam M. May, M.D. (@A_May_MD)

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D.

Ventricular tachycardia or supraventricular tachycardia? Accurate diagnosis of wide complex tachycardia impacts patient care and outcomes. Conventional algorithms plus automated methods and approaches provide solutions to the challenging issue of differentiation.

Joining us today to discuss wide complex tachycardia differentiation is Adam M. May, M.D., a cardiac intensivist at Washington University in St. Louis. Dr. May completed his residency at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Wide complex tachycardia definition and history
May's experience with wide complex tachycardia differentiation
Clinical implications for misdiagnosis of ventricular tachycardia versus supraventricular tachycardia
Common methods and tools available for diagnosis
Algorithm use challenges and limitations
Typical presentation scenarios
Automated tools and approaches for differentiation
Diagnostic tools help the clinician arrive at correct diagnoses
Performance comparison: automated tools versus manual algorithms
Recommended approach to diagnosis today

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Transcatheter Mitral Edge to Edge Repair

Guest: Mackram F. Eleid, M.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

Transcatheter mitral valve edge-to-edge repair has proved to be a safe and effective treatment for many patients with secondary (severe) mitral regurgitation.

Joining us today to discuss mitral regurgitation and transcatheter mitral valve repair is Mackram F. Eleid, M.D., Cardiovascular Diseases, at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Differences between primary and secondary mitral regurgitation
Treatment for patients with secondary mitral regurgitation
Assessment of mitral regurgitation to determine use of mitral valve clip
Clinical trial outcomes in edge-to-edge repair for secondary mitral regurgitation
Resynchronization for device pacing in practice at Mayo Clinic
Current role for mitral valve edge-to-edge repair
Alternative clinical trials for patients not eligible for edge-to-edge repairs
Common complications in mitral valve edge-to-edge repair
Patient recovery and improvement

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Echo Guided Pericardiocentesis

Guest: S. Allen Luis, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Pericardiocentesis is a lifesaving diagnostic that for many physicians can cause some measure of anxiety: It's not commonly done, and there are potential risks.

Joining us today to discuss pericardiocentesis is S. Allen Luis, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., cardiologist and co-director of the Pericardial Disease Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Indications for use of pericardiocentesis
Common diagnoses and labs ordered
Pericardiocentesis techniques and approach with echocardiography-guided imaging
Patient placement (supine position) and bed angulation
Standard care pathways following fusion drainage
Injection of lidocaine into the pericardial space for pain relief
Drain removal considerations
Complications following pericardiocentesis
Follow-up medications and treatment
Issues related to steroid use
Follow-up testing recommendations

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Pull Back the Curtains with Mayo Clinic's Cardiac Monitoring, ECG Laboratory, and Inpatient Team

Guests: Zachery (Zach) D. Linn, M.S., CRAT; Joshua (Josh) T. Krell, CRAT; Chad E. Schmitz, M.H.A., CRAT; Joshua K. Busby, CRAT; Jill M. Culp, CCT, CRAT

Hosts: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. and Tara A. Gosse, M.S.

Mayo Clinic's cardiac monitoring practice is being transformed — growing quickly and adapting to rapid change in the field to improve patient care. Joining us today to discuss that transformation, from the Heart Rhythm and Physiological Monitoring Laboratory at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, are:

Zachery (Zach) D. Linn, M.S., CRAT, remote cardiac monitoring

Joshua (Josh) T. Krell, CRAT, cardiac monitoring

Chad E. Schmitz, M.H.A., CRAT, electrocardiogram (ECG) laboratory

Joshua K. Busby, CRAT, cardiac monitoring interpretation

Jill M. Culp, CCT, CRAT, retired education specialist

Specific topics discussed:

Remote cardiac monitoring team services
The ideal patient for remote cardiac monitoring
Early detection of rhythm disorders with mobile cardiac telemetry and decreased standard device wear time for patients
ECG Holter monitoring and placement
ECG laboratory scope and services
Inpatient telemetry monitoring
Training and education for staff certification and care of patients in the hospital setting
Remote communication with physicians, nurses and patients

Resources: Heart Rhythm and Physiological Monitoring Laboratory

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Exercise for Cardio-Oncology Patients

Guest: Ray W. Squires, Ph.D.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Mayo Clinic launched its cardio-oncology rehabilitation (CORE) program in 2017. In 2019, the American Heart Association, with endorsement from the American Cancer Society, published a rationale supporting partnerships with existing cardiac rehabilitation programs to bring patients with cancer into those programs for supervised exercise training and modification of cardiac risk factors. In 2021, Dr. Squires and fellow researchers published the article, "Cardio-oncology rehabilitation (CORE) exercise prescription and programming: A practical guide in the Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention."

Joining us today to discuss cardio-oncology rehabilitation is Ray W. Squires, Ph.D., Cardiovascular Medicine and director of the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Program at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Heightened cardiovascular risk for patients with diverse cancers
Studies supporting exercise training for patients with cancer to improve cardiorespiratory fitness
The No. 1 cause of death for patients with cancer
CORE program individualization to provide motivation and exercise management for patients already exhausted by chemotherapy and radiation therapy
Avoiding long sedentary periods and other considerations for patients with cancer
CORE and the electrocardiogram age of patients with cancer
Reimbursement considerations and CORE programs nationally

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

Resource(s): Cardio-oncology rehabilitation (CORE) exercise prescription and programming: A practical guide in the Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Prevention of CICU Complications

Guest: Jacob C. Jentzer, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

The traditional coronary care unit was designed and implemented for patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (MI). At Mayo Clinic, that model has evolved into a complex, multidisciplinary cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) that cares for patients with an array of both acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases and, often, complex comorbidities.

Joining us today to discuss CICU complications and their prevention is Jacob C. Jentzer, M.D., Cardiovascular Medicine, at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Jentzer co-authored Prevention of Complications in the Cardiac Intensive Care Unit: A Scientific Statement from the American Heart Association, published in Circulation in 2020.

Specific topics discussed:

Common and preventable complications treated in the CICU
Common health care-associated infections addressed in the CICU
Key steps to prevent health care-associated infections
Increased complexity of patients' conditions
Best practices for ventilator management, A through F
Pain management practices that prevent complications
CICU multidisciplinary team members
Benefits of a career in cardiac critical care

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

Resource(s):

https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000909

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

ECG Interpretation and if the Application of Artificial Intelligence May be Helpful

Guest: Peter A. Noseworthy, M.D. (@noseworthypeter)

Host: Anthony H. Kashou, M.D. and Tara A. Gosse, M.S.

Electrical signals can inscribe valuable information about a patient. The world of ECG is evolving rapidly. Research from Mayo Clinic documents 66 discrete labels — from various rhythms, conduction disturbances, ischemia, hypertrophy — obtained from a standard 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG).

Joining us today to discuss ECG interpretation and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) is Peter A. Noseworthy, M.D., Cardiovascular Medicine, at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Noseworthy is the director of the Mayo Clinic Heart Rhythm and Physiological Monitoring Laboratories.

Specific topics discussed:

Critical ingredients necessary to apply AI to the ECG
AI interpretation versus current interpretation software
Improvements to clinical workflow, benefits to staff and added value for clinicians
Potential applications for resource-limited regions of the U.S.
AI as an adjunct to the clinician

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV and @MayoCVservices.

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Complicated Recurring Inflammatory Pericarditis: Role of Imaging and How to Treat

Guest: S. Allen Luis, M.B.B.S., Ph.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

When recurrent chest pain episodes are confirmed to be complicated recurrent pericarditis (CRP) and resolution is challenging, considerations for choosing a referral center for treatment include the number of pericardiectomies being performed at the center and an understanding of the specific surgeon's recommended approach.

Joining us today to discuss CRP is S. Allen Luis, M.B.B.S., Ph.D., a cardiologist and director of the Pericardial Disease Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Definition, examples and frequency of CRP
Ideal treatment for first-episode pericarditis
Optimal management of CRP via tapering guided by inflammatory markers
Role of echocardiography and cardiac MRI in the diagnosis of CRP
New therapies and treatment algorithms for patients with CRP
Side effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) inhibitor therapy and use of azathioprine or intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) in the treatment of CRP
How to evaluate centers when referring patients for radical pericardiectomy

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Stress Echocardiography

Guest: Patricia A. Pellikka, M.D. (@pattypellikka)

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Stress echocardiography is a unique and versatile technique recognized for its utility in the evaluation of nonischemic heart disease. In 2016, Patricia A. Pellikka, M.D., was one of the primary authors of the European Association of Cardiovascular Imaging (EACVI) and the American Society of Echocardiography (ASE) recommendations for the clinical use of stress echocardiography in nonischemic heart disease.

Joining us today to discuss stress echocardiography is Dr. Pellikka, a vice chair of Cardiovascular Medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Origins of stress echocardiography and validation studies
Accuracy of stress echocardiography related to pretest probability of disease in patient populations
Use of contrast (image-enhancing agents) for diagnostic quality images
Indications for stress echocardiography in patients with non-coronary artery disease
Future directions for stress echocardiography, including myocardial perfusion
Artificial intelligence applications in stress echocardiography
Coronary computerized tomography angiography (CTA) versus stress echocardiography

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

Resource(s):

https://www.asecho.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/02/Stress-Echo-in-Non-Ischaemic-Guideline-2-2-17.pdf

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Join Dr. Kashou, a physician in Cardiology and fellow at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota and other experts in the field of Electrocardiography as they discuss the latest developments and transformations in ECG monitoring.

Episodes will be released every other Thursday.

Stay tuned for the first episode on January 6, 2022.

Follow on social media:

Twitter: @MayoCVservices

Facebook: MayoCVservices

LinkedIn: Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular Services

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Constrictive Pericarditis, Diagnosis and Management

Guest: Jae K. Oh, M.D. (@JaeKOh2)

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

Pericardiectomy was the first cardiac surgery performed at Mayo Clinic, in 1935. Mayo's commitment to the treatment of constrictive pericarditis continues today. It's crucial that constrictive pericarditis be identified correctly because the disease is curable. With complete pericardiectomy, patients' heart failure can be cured.

Joining us today to discuss constrictive pericarditis is Jae K. Oh, M.D., a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Oh is the founder and director of Mayo Clinic's Pericardial Disease Clinic.

Specific topics discussed:

Mayo Clinic's commitment to medical and surgical expertise in the treatment of constrictive pericarditis
The importance of diagnosis for pericardial constriction
Patients with heart failure-type symptoms who present with liver failure
Cardiac catheterization and echocardiographic hemodynamic imaging in the diagnosis of constrictive pericarditis
Use of medical therapy and surgical treatment for patients with constrictive pericarditis
Unusual complications seen in today's patients with constrictive pericarditis

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

LAA Occlusion Device

Guest: Mohamad Adnan (Mohamad) Alkhouli, M.D. (@adnanalkhouli)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Left atrial appendage closure is an alternative to blood thinners for patients with atrial fibrillation who are at increased risk of stroke — but who are also intolerant of blood thinners for stroke prevention.

Joining us today to discuss the use of left atrial appendage occlusion devices for this select group of patients is Mohamad Adnan (Mohamad) Alkhouli, M.D., an interventional cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Patient eligibility for left atrial appendage occlusion
Therapies other than blood thinners for stroke prevention
Results of surgery vs. transcatheter closure for patients with atrial fibrillation
The patient experience with Mayo Clinic's minimally invasive approach
Follow-up anticoagulation or dual antiplatelet therapy
Reduced risk of blood clots forming on the occlusion device
Advances in the field and related clinical trials

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Pulmonary Hypertension – When to Refer

Guest: Hilary M. DuBrock, M.D. (@hilarydubrockMD)

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

It's important to consider pulmonary hypertension (PH) in the evaluation of patients with unexplained dyspnea. If a patient's echocardiogram shows a systolic pressure more than 50 mm HG, referral to a PH specialist for screening is crucial.

Joining us today to discuss PH is Hilary M. DuBrock, M.D., Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Definition and classification of PH
History, signs and symptoms that indicate a possible diagnosis of PH
Initial screening indicators of PH
Right-heart catheterization necessary for diagnosis
When to consider referral to PH specialists
Pitfalls for cardiologists to avoid in discussing a diagnosis of PH with patients
Impact of other disorders on PH

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Genetic Testing in Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Guest: Naveen L. Pereira, M.D. (@nl_pereira)

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

It’s just a blood test — but genetic testing informs effective precision medicine-guided therapies for specific patients at high risk of sudden death and their family members.

Joining us today to discuss genetic testing for patients at risk of dilated cardiomyopathy is Naveen L. Pereira, M.D., a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Genetics as a cause of dilated cardiomyopathy
Screening and implications for family members
Specific genes that put patients at high risk
Sequencing panels that identify genes as benign, pathogenic or variants of uncertain significance
Genetic counseling applications in practice
Repeat testing recommendations
Precision medicine-guided therapies
Evolution of cost and insurance coverage

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

TTE Guidance for TAVR

Guest: Jeremy J. Thaden, M.D. (@JeremyThaden)

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

Due to a better understanding of valve sizing, deployment of valves coaxially, and technical advances in valves themselves, the majority of surgeries for patients requiring transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) at Mayo Clinic incorporate a transfemoral approach and moderate sedation, guided by transthoracic echocardiography (TTE).

Joining us today to discuss transthoracic echocardiographic guidance and a minimally invasive approach to transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and TAVR is Jeremy J. Thaden, M.D., a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Evolution of the role of transthoracic echocardiography in relation to TAVR
Transthoracic echocardiographic guidance for patients receiving TAVR, incorporating a transfemoral approach and moderate sedation
Rates of paravalvular aortic regurgitation risk reduction
Minimal use of alternative approaches
Key views for interventional echocardiographers related to paravalvular regurgitation imaging post-TAVR
Mitral valve complications
Other imaging for TAVR guidance
Gradients in transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) and TAVR following procedures

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

The Heart in the Mountains: High Altitude Heart Changes

Guest: Bruce D. Johnson, Ph.D.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

What happens to the human heart at high altitudes?

Joining us today to discuss research in human performance and the performance of the heart at high altitudes is Bruce D. Johnson, Ph.D., Cardiovascular Medicine and Preventive, Occupational and Aerospace Medicine at Mayo Clinic's campuses in Phoenix/Scottsdale, Arizona, and Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

The heart at high altitudes (8,000 to12,000 feet, or 2,400 to 3,700 meters)
Oxygen saturation at high altitudes and the effect of sleep
Myocardial blood flow at high altitudes
Arrhythmias at high altitudes
South Pole altitude study outcomes
Risk factors for altitude sickness
Peak altitude for human habitation (13,000 to 15,000 feet, or 4,000 to 4,600 meters)
Impact of altitude on airplanes

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

NEW Cardiovascular Education App: The Mayo Clinic Cardiovascular CME App is an innovative educational platform that features cardiology-focused continuing medical education wherever and whenever you need it. Use this app to access other free content and browse upcoming courses. Download it for free in Apple or Google stores today!

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

How to Select the Right Aortic Valve

Guest: Rick A. Nishimura, M.D.

Host: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

Although choosing the right aortic valve for patients with aortic stenosis or aortic regurgitation is ultimately a shared decision-making process, there is now enough clinical trial data available to allow specialists to offer fully informed recommendations for the type of valve they'd recommend.

Joining us today to discuss how to select the right aortic valve is Rick A. Nishimura, M.D., a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and recent co-chair of the writing committee updating the American College of Cardiology and American Heart Association guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease.

Specific topics discussed:

Recommendations for patients at high risk for surgery and transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI)
Recommendations for patients at acceptable risk for surgery
Impact of the patient's age
Mechanical vs. tissue prostheses
Older patients and the importance of shared decision making
Younger patients should not receive TAVI
Anatomic abnormalities that may prevent TAVI
Valvular heart disease centers of excellence low rate of morbidity and mortality

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

SCAD-Update on Diagnosis and Treatment

Guest: Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D. (@SharonneHayes)

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) was traditionally understood to be a rare syndrome that only happened to women who were pregnant or early postpartum and was almost universally fatal. That understanding has changed as research has become more focused on heart disease in women.

Joining us today to discuss current SCAD diagnosis and treatment is Sharonne N. Hayes, M.D., a preventive cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Evolution of the understanding of SCAD
SCAD defined
Differentiation of SCAD from other acute coronary syndromes
Diagnosis and treatment
Impact of statins
Family screening
Lifestyle modifications

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

COVID 19 in the CICU

Guest: Courtney E. Bennett, D.O.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

The data is strong: Patients with known cardiovascular disease or other risk factors for cardiovascular disease are at increased risk of COVID-19 infection. Patients with COVID-19 and underlying cardiovascular disease are sicker and require more ICU-level care than patients without cardiovascular risk factors. Those factors include hypertension, diabetes and obesity.

Joining us today to discuss COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease is Courtney E. Bennett, D.O., a cardiologist and the director of the cardiac intensive care unit at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Heightened risk of COVID-19 infection in patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease and impact on prognosis
Manifestations that identify patients as having myocardial insult or injury
Magnitude of troponin rises in these patients who may have septic shock or severe respiratory distress
The role of electrocardiogram (ECG) for patients with ST depression
Treatment for patients with ST elevation
Anticoagulation treatment for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS)

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Ceramides as a New Biomarker for Cardiovascular Risk Prediction

Guest: Vlad C. Vasile, M.D., Ph.D. (@VladCVasile)

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Ceramides are lipids that are ubiquitously expressed. They are present in all cell membranes. Some ceramides have been associated with risk of atherosclerotic disease in patients with known coronary artery disease. Researchers at Mayo Clinic and others have demonstrated that ceramides can also predict negative events in patients without known coronary artery disease.

Joining us today to discuss ceramides is Vlad C. Vasile, M.D., Ph.D., a preventive cardiologist and co-director of Cardiovascular Laboratory Medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Ceramides and the ceramide score blood test
Primary and secondary risk assessment for atherosclerotic events
Using ceramide score in patients at intermediate risk
Score modification via diet, exercise and lipid-lowering agents
Testing for lipoprotein (a)

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

LVAD – Who Needs It?

Guest: Andrew (Drew) N. Rosenbaum, M.D. (@werDrD)

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

About 6.5 million people over the age of 20 years in the U.S. have heart failure. That number is estimated to grow to about 8 million by 2030. Of those patients, about 300,000 would potentially benefit from left ventricular assist device (LVAD) therapy. Among patients with advanced heart failure, 66% to 75% would have comorbidities that would preclude benefit from LVAD therapy, so approximately 75,000 to 100,000 patients in the U.S. would be potentially eligible for LVAD therapy.

Joining us today to discuss LVADs is Andrew (Drew) N. Rosenbaum, M.D., a cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Types of left ventricular assist devices: durable, destination therapy, bridge to transplantation
Who benefits from LVAD and why
LVAD durability
Age limitations for LVAD therapy
Inappropriate candidates for LVAD
End-stage renal disease, LVAD and dialysis
When to consider referral for LVAD therapy

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Lipoprotein A - A Cardiovascular Risk Factor Commonly Ignored

Guest: Vlad C. Vasile, M.D., Ph.D. (@VladCVasile)

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Lipoprotein (a) is a circulating protein that associates with a cholesterol complex. It comprises two particles — a low-density lipoprotein (LDL, or "bad") cholesterol particle and an LDL-like particle — and apolipoprotein A. Lipoprotein (a) is associated with increased atherosclerotic cardiovascular events independent of the traditional risk factors. It has also been associated with valvular heart disease. Currently, there are no specific drugs that both reduce lipoprotein (a) levels and influence treatment outcomes.

Joining us today to discuss lipoprotein (a) is Vlad C. Vasile, M.D., Ph.D., a preventive cardiologist and co-director of Cardiovascular Laboratory Medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Lipoprotein (a) and its impact
Plaque formation and pro-inflammatory and pro-clotting molecules
Drugs and available treatment options
Lifestyle impact
Genetic basis and importance of familial awareness
Screening for lipoprotein (a)

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

TTR Cardiac Amyloid - How Common and How to Diagnose

Guest: Omar F. Abou Ezzeddine, M.D., C.M., M.S. (@abouezzeddine)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

There are two main types of cardiac amyloidosis. One is a medical emergency involving light chain amyloid. The source of the amyloid is the bone marrow, which secretes excessive amounts of monoclonal protein that infiltrate the myocardium and cause an acute necrotic infiltrative and restrictive cardiomyopathy. In the second type, transthyretin (TTR) amyloidosis, the source of the protein is the liver. The course of TTR amyloidosis occurs over years.

Joining us today to discuss cardiac amyloidosis is Omar F. Abou Ezzeddine, M.D., C.M., M.S., a consultant in Cardiovascular Medicine and director of the Cardiac Sarcoid Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Cardiac amyloidosis
Signs and symptoms indicative of cardiac amyloidosis
Patients who receive atrial fibrillation ablation and patients who receive transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR)
Tools for diagnosis, including pyrophosphate (PYP) and MRI scans
Therapeutic options for patients with TTR amyloidosis, including tafamidis

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

COVID and Exercise: Pearls from the Experts

Guest: Thomas G. Allison, Ph.D., M.P.H. (@DrTAllison)

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Aerosol-generating procedures are medical procedures in which a patient has some significant and strong ventilation, such as coughing, that causes aerosols of a size that might release virus into the environment. Mayo Clinic has implemented procedures to protect both patients and staff from COVID-19 aerosols during stress testing.

Joining us today to discuss COVID-19 and its impact on exercise is Thomas G. Allison, Ph.D., M.P.H., director of the Pulmonary Exercise Laboratory and the Sports Cardiology Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Aerosols and aerosol-generating procedures
Aerosol generation during exercise
Masking and recirculators
Reduction in exercise capacity due to masking
Paper masks versus O2 consumption masks
Patient and staff protection

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Bileaflet MVP Syndrome

Guest: Michael J. Ackerman, M.D., Ph.D. (@MJAckermanMDPhD)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Mayo Clinic researchers looked at a 10-year experience of 1,200 patients who came to the Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic. The researchers found that 24 of those patients were survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Ten of those 24 survivors — 42% — had bileaflet prolapse. That finding helped the research team identify the features of arrhythmogenic bileaflet mitral valve prolapse syndrome.

Joining us today to discuss arrhythmogenic bileaflet mitral valve prolapse syndrome is Michael J. Ackerman, M.D., Ph.D., a pediatric cardiologist and principal investigator at the Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Mitral valve prolapse versus arrhythmogenic bileaflet mitral valve prolapse syndrome
Signs and symptoms of arrhythmogenic bileaflet mitral valve prolapse syndrome
Characteristic findings of complex ectopy
Work-up and next steps
A role for MRI
Mitral annular disjunction
Treatment options
A role for ablation
A genetic condition or not?

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Reducing Cardiovascular Risk in Minorities

Guest: LaPrincess C. Brewer, M.D., M.P.H., (@DrLaPrincess)

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Health disparities are differences in the incidence, prevalence, mortality, burden of disease and other adverse health conditions among specific population groups.

Health care disparities are differences in health care coverage, access to care and quality of care between those groups. Health care disparities limit people's ability to achieve health equity — the equally fair and just opportunity to be as healthy as possible.

Joining us today to discuss research in health care disparities is LaPrincess C. Brewer, M.D., M.P.H., a preventive cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Health disparities versus health care disparities
Health equity explained
COVID-19 pandemic and the social determinants of health
Socioeconomic, racial and ethnic issues
FAITH! cardiovascular health and wellness program
FAITH! data and outcomes
Next steps for providers

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

COVID-19 in Cardio-Oncology

Guest: Joerg Herrmann, M.D. (@mayocvonc)

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), heart disease and cancerous tumors were the top three causes of death in the U.S. in 2020. Providers recognized early in the COVID-19 pandemic that patients with underlying cardiovascular disease or cardiovascular risk factors were at the highest risk of developing a severe course and even dying of COVID-19. Patients with cancer also had a higher risk of severe and fatal outcomes.

Joining us today to discuss COVID-19, heart disease and oncology treatment of tumors is Joerg Herrmann, M.D., director of the Cardio-Oncology Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Relationship between heart disease, cancerous tumors and COVID-19
Research in the connection between cardiac disease and an underlying tumor or the result of treatment of a tumor
Changes to patient care during the pandemic
Remote monitoring of patients and innovative artificial intelligence applications
Cardio-oncology lessons learned

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

The Role of High-Intensity Interval Training and Strength Training in Cardiovascular Health

Guest: Amanda R. Bonikowske, Ph.D.

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

The primary advantage of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) — periods of higher intensity exercise followed by periods of lower intensity exercise in repetition — for cardiorespiratory fitness is peak VO2. HIIT is a more potent stimulus for increasing peak VO2 in a much shorter period of time compared with moderate-intensity continuous training.

Joining us today to discuss HIIT is Amanda R. Bonikowske, Ph.D., program director for the Cardiac Rehabilitation Program at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

HIIT explained
Variability, guidelines and rest-to-work ratios
Benefits over moderate-intensity training
The One-Minute Workout
Physiology of HIIT
Impact on HDL and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides and blood pressure
Safety

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Cardiovascular Toxicity and Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors

Guest: Joerg Herrmann, M.D. (@mayocvonc)

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Immune checkpoints are integral to the immune system, ensuring that there is no overactivation once an immune response is triggered. Seven immune checkpoint inhibitors — which interfere with that natural brake in the immune system — are currently approved for use in cancer treatment. The immune checkpoint inhibitors unleash T cells to attack a tumor, with dramatic results.

Joining us today to discuss immune checkpoint inhibitors and cardiovascular toxicity is Joerg Herrmann, M.D., director of the Cardio-Oncology Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Explanation and applications of immune checkpoint inhibitors
Types of malignancies treated with T cell-based therapies and their outcomes
Related cardiac toxicities and how to diagnose them
Evaluation in the outpatient setting

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Biological Age and Other AI Tools in Preventive Cardiology

Guest: Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, M.D., M.B.A. (@CVDprevention)

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Vascular age is impacted by factors that determine the aging of the vascular system — the heart, arteries and veins. These factors might predispose people to develop heart attacks, peripheral vascular disease or strokes.

Joining us today to discuss efforts to better describe and measure vascular age is Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, M.D., M.B.A., chair of Preventive Cardiology at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

The concept of vascular age explained
Use of electrocardiogram (ECG) to determine vascular age
Recommendations to reduce or reverse patients' vascular age
Use of ECG to identify conditions it was not originally intended to identify
Future impact of artificial intelligence in medicine

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript found here.

Cardiac Involvement in COVID-19

Guest: Patricia A. Pellikka, M.D. (@pattypellikka)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Early reports from Wuhan, China, noted that patients with underlying cardiovascular disease had a higher risk of morbidity and mortality if they contracted the COVID-19 virus. More recently, data support that patients with evidence of cardiac disease during their COVID-19 episodes also have higher rates of morbidity and mortality during hospitalization for treatment of COVID-19.

Joining us today to discuss the cardiac involvement in patients with COVID-19 is Patricia A. Pellikka, M.D., vice chair of Cardiovascular Medicine at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Significance of cardiac involvement in patients with COVID-19
Diagnosis of cardiac dysfunction in patients with COVID-19
Myocarditis and other cardiac injury in patients with COVID-19
Implications of MRI-identified myocarditis
COVID-19 long-haulers and cardiac evaluation
Artificial intelligence in electrocardiogram or echocardiogram

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript here.

The Patient with Early Atherosclerotic Disease-What to Do, What Not to Do

Guest: Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, M.D., M.B.A. (@CVDprevention)

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Many people have a family history of atherosclerotic disease — heart attacks, strokes or blockages in the body's arteries caused by cholesterol plaques. If atherosclerosis occurs at an early age or affects multiple family members, or if the family history includes sudden death, there is cause for concern.

Joining us today to discuss family history of early atherosclerotic disease and its impact on cardiovascular health is Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, M.D., M.B.A., chair of Preventive Cardiology at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Concerns generated by a family history of atherosclerosis
Genetic markers for atherosclerotic disease
Impact of genes vs. lifestyle on the likelihood of atherosclerosis
When and how to conduct genetic testing
Treatment for peripheral arterial disease and cerebrovascular disease
What not to do for patients with atherosclerosis

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast transcript available here.

Is red meat bad for your heart?

Guest: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Host: Francisco Lopez-Jimenez, M.D., M.B.A. (@CVDprevention)

The U.S. has some of the highest red meat consumption per capita of any country in the world. A controversial 2019 Annals of Internal Medicine article encouraged red meat consumption and came to the conclusion that people do not need to reduce red meat intake, but the recommendation isn't as straightforward as it seems.

Joining us today to discuss research on red meat consumption and its impact on cardiovascular health is Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D., a consultant in Preventive Cardiology at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and a professor of medicine at Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science.

Specific topics discussed:

Key points from the 2019 Annals of Internal Medicine article
Unprocessed and processed meats and their impact on cardiovascular health
Red meat consumption study limitations and implications
Saturated vs. unsaturated fats and their relation to dietary variables
Recommendation: moderation (3 ounces a day)

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Episode transcript found here.

Pregnancy-Related and Other Women Specific Cardiovascular Risk Factors

Guest: Rekha Mankad, M.D. (@RMankadMD)

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Data supports that women's risk of heart disease has been underrecognized — women are dying of heart disease at increasingly higher rates. Women have the same regular risk factors as men, including high blood pressure, high cholesterol, diabetes and smoking, but there are some additional female-specific risk factors.

Joining us today to discuss pregnancy and cardiovascular risk is Rekha Mankad, M.D., a noninvasive cardiologist at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, with special interest in heart disease in women.

Specific topics discussed:

Guidelines that address women's risk factors for heart disease
Complications related to menopause and pregnancy
Impact of diabetes on heart disease in women
Preventive screening and risk assessment
Autoimmune diseases and heart disease in women
Impact of marriage on women's risk of heart disease

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast transcript can be found here.

Atrial Fibrillation and Underestimation of Aortic Stenosis Severity

Guest: Vuyisile T. Nkomo, M.D., M.P.H.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

Aortic valve stenosis is common in the general population. Echocardiography is the primary tool used for assessing the severity of the disease. In patients with atrial fibrillation, however, Doppler echocardiography may underestimate the severity of aortic valve stenosis, resulting in the potential for grave consequences.

Joining us today to discuss optimal diagnoses of the severity of aortic valve stenosis in patients with atrial fibrillation is Vuyisile T. Nkomo, M.D., M.P.H., a professor of medicine with joint appointments in the Structural Heart Disease Program and Division of Cardiovascular Ultrasound at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Echocardiogram Doppler criteria for diagnosing the severity of aortic valve stenosis
Hierarchy in the guidelines for diagnosis
Aortic valve stenosis in patients with atrial fibrillation, normal sinus rhythm, or both
Arrhythmia's impact on Doppler signals
Next steps when aortic valve stenosis is suspected — and the implications of underestimating disease severity

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast episode transcript here.

Cardiac sarcoidosis — When to Suspect and How to Diagnose

Guest: Omar F. Abou Ezzeddine, M.D., C.M., M.S. (@abouezzeddine)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@DrPaulFriedman)

Cardiac sarcoidosis is difficult to diagnose. It may present with no symptoms and a coincidental ECG finding or with symptoms that are common to most people, such as fatigue and occasional palpitations. Patients may present with minimal clinical cardiac symptoms. Multimodality imaging, in conjunction with clinical history, is required for diagnosis; other, more common diseases should be ruled out before diagnosing cardiac sarcoidosis.

Joining us today to discuss cardiac sarcoidosis is Omar F. Abou Ezzeddine, M.D., C.M., M.S., director of the Cardiac Sarcoidosis Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota, and a cardiologist with expertise in nuclear imaging.

Specific topics discussed:

Sarcoidosis and cardiac sarcoid defined
When to suspect sarcoidosis
Symptoms and the diagnostic cascade for sarcoid
FDG-PET, MRI and hybrid PET-MRI
Treatment options

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast transcript can be found here.

The Future of Cardiac Rehabilitation

Guest: Randal J. Thomas, M.D. (@DrRandalThomas)

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Cardiac rehabilitation is a Class 1 recommendation for a number of cardiovascular conditions. The benefits are many — and evidence is mounting that supports improved short- and long-term outcomes for patients, whether they participate in center-based or home-based cardiac rehabilitation programs.

Joining us today to discuss the current benefits and challenges of cardiovascular rehabilitation is Randal J. Thomas, M.D., director of the Cardiovascular Rehabilitation Clinic at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Benefits and challenges of cardiac rehabilitation program participation
Systematic approaches that improve participation rates
Provider and patient education required
Emerging solutions including personalized, home-based programs

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast transcript can be found here.

Papillary Fibroelastoma (PFE)

Guest: Kyle W. Klarich, M.D. (@KyleWKlarich)

Host: Paul A. Friedman, M.D. (@drpaulfriedman)

Papillary fibroelastomas (PFEs) are the most common benign neoplasms of the cardiac valvular structures. Although rare and often hard to diagnose accurately, PFEs are being recognized more frequently via high-resolution imaging technology — and by ruling out other possible conditions that can mimic them.

Joining us today to discuss papillary fibroelastomas is Kyle W. Klarich, M.D., a consultant in Cardiovascular Medicine with a joint appointment in the Echocardiography Laboratory here at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Dr. Klarich is also Vice Chair for Clinical Practice in the Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, echocardiology specialist, and a professor of medicine at Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science.

Specific topics discussed:

Papillary fibroelastoma (PFE) explained
Best approaches to PFE identification: echocardiography, physical exam and antinuclear antibody testing
PFE or nonbacterial thrombotic endocarditis
Risk assessment and treatment alternatives
New forms of treatment: a percutaneous solution

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast transcript can be found here.

Genetic Testing in Cardiovascular Disease

Guest: Iftikhar J. Kullo, M.D. (@iftikhar_kullo)

Host: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

The Framingham risk score and other calculator models have been used to assess patients' risk of cardiovascular disease for more than 60 years. The models help to identify patients as having low risk, intermediate risk or high risk — but unless patients are assessed on the day they have a cardiovascular event, they may not be flagged as having high risk. Genetic risk assessment provides an exciting new avenue to help improve the risk prediction equations.

Joining us today to discuss genetic testing in cardiovascular disease is Iftikhar J. Kullo, M.D., a preventive cardiologist and professor of medicine here at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

Why genetic testing is needed for coronary risk stratification
How to assess genetic risk of cardiovascular disease
Genetic and genomewide polygenic risk scores
Typical patients and a focus on patients at intermediate risk
Genetic testing for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast transcript can be found here.

Recent Developments in the Field of Lipid Management

Guest: Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D. (@DrSteveKopecky)

Host: Thomas G. Allison, Ph.D., M.P.H. (@DrTAllison)

Statins and lifestyle changes are still the first line choices for the management of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol to reduce the risk of heart disease. Recent developments in the field of lipid management, however, provide promising treatment options for patients who are statin intolerant or simply not achieving their LDL goals, or have elevated levels of triglycerides or lipoprotein(a), also called LP(a).

Joining us today to discuss recent developments in the field of lipid management is Stephen L. Kopecky, M.D., a preventive cardiologist here at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota.

Specific topics discussed:

The end of the statin era?
New treatment options for patients who are statin intolerant
Triglycerides: fibrates and statins — and fish oil
LP(a) as a risk marker in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease or familial hyperlipidemia
Use of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease (PCSK9) inhibitors

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast transcript can be found here.

Myocardial Blood Flow Assessed With PET Scanning in the Evaluation of Patients With Chest Pain

Guest: John P. Bois, M.D.

Host: Malcolm R. Bell, M.D.

What is typically seen in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is qualitative: Before and after pictures of patients at rest and under stress that are used to identify any kind of relative profusion defects. Quantitative PET takes this technique a step further, quantifying blood flow to the heart tissue in milliliters per minute per gram of myocardial tissue. In essence, traditional PET takes a photo of the heart before and after, but qualitative PET produces a video of the blood flow into the heart over time.

Joining us today to discuss myocardial blood flow and coronary flow reserve as assessed with PET scanning in the evaluation of patients with chest pain is John P. Bois, M.D., a consultant in Ischemic Heart Disease and Critical Care with a joint appointment in Radiology here at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. He's also co-director of our Chest Pain and Coronary Physiology Clinic, a nuclear cardiology specialist and an assistant professor of medicine.

Specific topics discussed:

Quantitative versus qualitative PET: Quantifying blood flow to the heart tissue
Automatic quantification via mathematical modeling
Quantitative PET in patients with obstructive artery disease
Improved testing accuracy with quantitative PET
Diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of patients with challenging symptoms
Future applications: standardization ad studies

Connect with Mayo Clinic's Cardiovascular Continuing Medical Education online at https://cveducation.mayo.edu or on Twitter @MayoClinicCV.

No CME credit offered for this episode.

Podcast transcript can be found here.

Featuring Cardiovascular topics for medical professionals from your colleagues at the Mayo Clinic.