PODKAS: Recent Episodes
Podkas Team
Philippine history that is accessible and approachable. PODKAS envisions the mainstreaming of critical discussions on Philippine history, politics, and society to broader audiences using new media, accessible language, and relatable content. Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/podkas/support
Our season finale features a discussion on Soledad Duterte, a prominent activist from Davao, exploring her crucial role in local activism and advocacy during and after the EDSA Revolution. Through her life, we examine how Martial Law and the EDSA Revolution impacted regions beyond the capital, particularly Mindanao. Join us!
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In this new episode, we tackle the life and legacy of Chito Gascon, whose activism began as a student during the EDSA Revolution and culminated in his tenure as the chairperson of the Commission on Human Rights (CHR). Join us as we unpack and retell Gascon's journey, an unwavering commitment to justice and democracy that serves as an inspiration for the youth today.
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We tackle the nexus between politics, media, and elite families in this new episode as we spotlight the powerful Lopez family. We explore their rise to power, the closures of ABS-CBN, their struggles during Martial Law, and their subsequent resurrection in the post-EDSA political environment.
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We reflect on the EDSA People Power and the role of cinema in shaping public sentiment in this episode, where we highlight the legendary Filipino filmmaker, Lino Brocka. How do media, film, and music have historically acted as catalysts for reform and resistance during Martial Law? Through Brocka's classic films, such as Maynila, Sa Mga Kuko ng Liwanag and Insiang, we uncover the intertwined legacy of art, activism, and the enduring spirit of EDSA in today’s society.
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In this new episode of Shakers and Shapers, we tackle the complex figure of Jose Maria Sison, founding chairman of the Communist Party of the Philippines. We look back at his journey, from his aristocratic roots and eventual radicalization at the University of the Philippines, the formation of Kabataang Makabayan, the ideological underpinnings of national democracy, and the pivotal role Sison and his movement played during the dictatorship and beyond. Amidst a backdrop of red-tagging and anti-terror laws, join us as we seek to understand the complexities of the communist movement in the Philippines.
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How intertwined were religion and politics during the tumultuous Martial Law period? We approach the role of the Catholic Church during the Marcos years and the EDSA Revolution through the life and complex legacy of Jaime Cardinal Sin, a key religious leader whose words and actions shaped the Church's involvement in political affairs and left an indelible mark on the nation's struggle for democracy.
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We revisit the complex legacies of Juan Ponce Enrile, Fidel Ramos, and Gregorio Honasan, pivotal figures in the EDSA Revolution, in this episode. Exploring their roles in martial law implementation, their eventual defection from Marcos, and their subsequent political careers, we uncover the intertwined narratives of power, betrayal, and redemption that shaped Philippine history and politics.
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In this episode, we take a look into the lives of opposition senators Jovito Salonga and Jose Diokno. Both followed unique paths, from humble beginnings and wartime heroics to their instrumental roles in challenging the Marcos dictatorship and shaping Philippine democracy. Through their stories, we explore the complexity of resistance, the necessity of integrity, and their lasting legacies in Philippine politics and society.
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We proceed with our season by transitioning to the EDSA People Power Revolution, examining it through the lives and actions of its key shapers and shakers. In this episode, we dive into the story of Cory Aquino, the central figure around whom the nation coalesced to dismantle the Marcos dictatorship and inaugurate a renewed era of democracy. Furthermore, we scrutinize the Aquinos and their family's complex legacy in reinstating democracy in the Philippines, acknowledging the complexity of their history.
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Today, February 25, marks the 38th anniversary of the EDSA People Power Revolution, a cornerstone in the Philippines' march towards democracy. In this special episode, "Bakit Inaalala ang EDSA?" we partnered with the Human Rights Violations Victims' Memorial Commission (HRVVMC) and interviewed Congress Rep. Edcel Lagman to tackle the efforts to preserve the significance of EDSA amid efforts to erase it from our memory.
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In our final episode, we look at Ferdinand "Bongbong" Marcos Jr.'s early life during the time of Martial Law. Being the son of President Ferdinand Marcos Sr., Bongbong was surrounded by a lot of power and some big controversies that have left a lasting mark on the country's politics. We'll try to figure out how much Bongbong was involved in what his family did during Martial Law. Let's dig in.
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Our focus in this episode is the life of Lean Alejandro, a symbol of Philippine student activism during the Marcos era. As Secretary-General of the Bagong Alyansang Makabayan, Lean championed democracy against dictatorship, but his life was tragically cut short at 27. His influence and legacy as a beacon for justice and freedom endures to this day.
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Maliit pa nga ba si Imee Marcos noong panahon ng Batas Militar? Let's look at the life and controversies of the eldest of the Marcos brood. From her education in prestigious institutions abroad to her early foray into politics, Imee's path was seemingly paved by her family's political legacy. However, like Marcos name, her own journey hasn't been without its dark patches and controversies: fake diplomas and a fake graduation, the death of a student activist, and a whirlwind romance, among others. Join us as we revisit these issues in this episode.
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In another episode of #ShapersAndShakers, we discuss the life of Gen. Fabian Ver, a trusted confidant and chief enforcer of the dictator Ferdinand Marcos. Ver, from humble beginnings, rose through the military ranks to become one of the most powerful figures in the country. We unravel the complex relationship between Marcos and Ver, and the pivotal role the general played in consolidating power and suppressing opposition.
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In this episode, we explore the Martial Law period in the Philippines, focusing on the brave Lorena Barros. As an activist and co-founder of MAKIBAKA, a women's revolutionary group, Barros fought against tyranny. The undying spirit of resistance that Lorena embodied and the profound impact she left on the struggle for justice and equality remains an inspiration to this day.--- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/podkas/messageSupport this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/podkas/support
In Episode 7 of our #ShapersAndShakers series, we talk about the cronyism during the presidency of Ferdinand Marcos through the experience of Lucio Tan, a business tycoon and one of the richest men in the Philippines, who got his biggest business opportunities as a Marcos crony. What is the link between cronyism and the country's economic crisis during and post-martial law? Find out in this episode.
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Episode 6 of Shapers and Shakers features the work of Pete Lacaba, a Filipino journalist, poet, and cultural luminary who left an indelible mark on journalism, arts, and culture during the turbulent Martial Law period in the Philippines.
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In this episode, we explore the influential role of Cesar Virata during Martial Law in the Philippines. As Prime Minister under Ferdinand Marcos, Virata, a respected economist, steered the nation's economic policies. In this episode, we dissect Virata's challenges, his impact on the economy and infrastructure, and the ethical dilemmas he faced as a technocrat in a time of authoritarian rule.
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Our fourth episode spotlights the life and activism of Edgar Jopson or Edjop, a charismatic and passionate advocate for democracy, social justice, and human rights. His story is not only about defiance against dictatorship but also, and more importantly, a testament to the unyielding spirit of those who fought for freedom.
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In our third episode, we delve into the life and controversial legacy of Imelda Marcos, the former First Lady of the Philippines, and her intimate connection to one of the darkest chapters in the nation's history – Martial Law.
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No conversation on the Philippines' Martial Law Era will be complete without a mention of its main man, Ferdinand E. Marcos. In this episode, we take a look back at his life and his rationale for declaring martial law.
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We start our season on select martial law personalities with the person that sparked the end of the era: Ninoy Aquino. How did his life and death impact the country's authoritarian period? Find out in this episode.
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Season 6 is here! Starting August 19, we will look at the Martial Law period through the lives of twelve individuals, and ask: were they shapers or shakers?
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Today, February 25, we commemorate the 37th anniversary of the EDSA Revolution. We partnered with the Human Rights Violations Victims' Memorial Commission for this special episode on the many ways we can look at EDSA: as an event, a memory, a commemoration, and as a space. Join us in this discussion!--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/podkas/messageSupport this podcast: https://anchor.fm/podkas/support
We look back at two years of conversations on Philippine history, politics, and society! We'll be on a (well-deserved) break, so for now, listen to our earlier episodes and chill as we prepare for new seasons in 2023!
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It's our final #RizalOnAir episode! And there's no better time to end this season as we celebrate Rizal Day. We talked about Rizal's last poem, untitled but more popularly known as Mi Ultimo Adios. There's a lot to talk about this poem, as it is one of the most controversial pieces written by Rizal. Find out in this episode.
It was great doing this season, and as we end it, we'd like to thank everyone who tuned in. We also celebrate our SECOND ANNIVERSARY, so join us in the celebration by listening to our anniversary episode.
Until next time! For now, have a happy new year!
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After El Filibusterismo, Rizal put pen to paper to produce his third novel. However, due to the many circumstances of having to return to the Philippines and his exile to Dapitan, this third novel never materialized and was left to the depths of oblivion until a draft of its manuscript, several pages written in Lagueño Tagalog, was found. Join us in unraveling the mystery of Rizal's third novel in this episode of #RizalOnAir.
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We include La Liga Filipina in the discussion of Rizal's works because even if the association immediately failed, it marks an essential change in Rizal's evolving ideas and objectives. What is the Liga, and what did it hope to achieve? And how is it linked to the Katipunan? Find out in this episode of #RizalOnAir.
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After discussing some of the old and new characters of the El Fili, we now focus on the main plot of the novel (Simoun's revenge) and its other story arcs and subplots, such as the story of Kabesang Tales, his quest for justice, and how the system was so rotten he decided to seek justice through other means. The Fili is a more political novel, and the story itself proves this. Listen up to find out more.
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Rizal followed up the Noli with a sequel titled El Filibusterismo, an attempt to tie the loose ends he left in his earlier novel. In this episode, we introduce El Fili, its major plot points, and its new characters.
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Del Pilar prodded Rizal to write a letter to a select group of women in Malolos, who, after some struggle and resistance, were able to establish a school so they could learn Spanish. Rizal happily obliged. The letter is now known as The Letter to the Women of Malolos, a lengthy reminder on many things, but most importantly, praise for the women's desire for education. Know more about this in this episode of #RizalOnAir.
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This is PODKAS's 100th episode! And because of some great mystery, we deal with a Rizal writing that has to do something with 100: Filipinas dentro de cien años, or The Philippines a Century Hence. Rizal did not only write about the Philippine past (Annotations of Sucesos) and present (Sobre la Indolencia), but he also predicted the fate of the Philippines in the next hundred years. What did he get wrong, and more interestingly, what did he get right? And what does this say about Rizal? Listen to this episode to find out.
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Rizal sought to elevate the Filipinos not only by championing their welfare within the colonial society but, more importantly, by arguing that their conditions were not entirely their fault. One particular accusation by the colonizers that Rizal abhorred was that the Filipinos had an inherent predisposition to laziness. In Sobre la Indolencia de los Filipinos, he admitted that laziness exists, but this was not inherently Filipino. Listen to this episode to find out more.
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Instead of writing a history of the Philippines, Rizal chose to write a novel that exposed Philippine society's ills. But he just couldn't let go of history, so instead of writing a new one, he annotated Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. We talk about this work in this episode of #RizalOnAir.
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We pick off from where we left off in the last episode when we talked about the context and the characters of Rizal's most important work, the Noli Me Tangere. This time around, we reveal some of the choicest plot points and the impact of the novel on our country's history. Join us!
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From Rizal's early works, we proceed straight to one of his major ones: the Noli Me Tangere. We discussed the context of the publication and some of the characters that we liked in Rizal's magnum opus! Listen up.
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RizalOnAir comes back with a new episode! We mark the beginning of this season's third phase, focusing on Rizal's writings, by talking about his early writings from his Ateneo days until he left for Europe. It's an exciting mix of historical and nationalistic poems (most notably, A La Juventud Filipina), religious plays (El Consejo De Los Dioses and Junto Al Pasig), and some love writing too! We also talked about Rizal writing for kids, as he translated some of Hans Christian Andersen's fairy tales.
Cover Art Photo Credits: José Honorato Lozano, Quinta de los Generales en Malacañan a la rivera del Río Pasig, 1867
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The memorialization of Rizal has spanned multiple media: movies, money, holidays, and other forms. But one form seems most enduring: the monument. In this episode, we talk about the different monuments of Rizal. From Luneta to the rest of the world, find out how Rizal has been depicted in stone in this new episode of #RizalOnAir. We’ll be away for a bit, and next month, we’ll return with a new episode, so watch out!
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Rizal's impact was so enormous that he became a popular cultural product himself. In this episode, we talk about one particular media where Rizal has become the usual focus: movies. The centenary of the Philippine Revolution in 1996 led to some of the most popular Rizal movies in recent memory: Jose Rizal: Ang Buhay ng Isang Bayani (1996), Rizal sa Dapitan (1997), Jose Rizal (1998), and Bayaning Third World (1999). We talk about these and more in this episode of #RizalOnAir.
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At the heart of the debate about whether Rizal is a radical or a reformist is how he perceived revolution as a concept and the revolution led by the Katipunan. We unpack some prominent points of this debate by referring to the works of Agoncillo, Constantino, and Quibuyen in this episode of #RizalOnAir.
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We continue our discussion on Rizal by focusing on his relevance and how he remained "present" even after his death. In this episode, we look at the Rizalistas or those who view Rizal as a divine being and part of their faith and religious belief. How do we make sense of this reverence for Rizal, beyond seeing him as a hero but also as a god? Listen up to know more.
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Rizal's death sounded the death knell of Spain's more than three centuries of colonization of the Philippines. What were the circumstances surrounding his execution, and how did he prepare for his imminent death? Learn more in this episode of #RizalOnAir.
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Rizal realized that if he were to realize his vision for Filipinos, he must fight this fight in the Philippines. Upon his return, he established the Liga Filipina, but just a few days later, he was arrested and exiled to a remote town in Mindanao called Dapitan. Here, he stayed for four years, putting into practice all the professions we know him for: engineer, teacher, artist, physician, among others. We talk about all these and more in this episode.
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Rizal’s life abroad was productively spent not only on writing but also in fraternizing with like-minded ilustrados that launched the propaganda movement in Spain. Know more about them and more in this episode of #RizalOnAir.
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In this episode, we argue that the stereotype of Rizal as a womanizer is rather unfair. We deem him more a romantic than a playboy. Let's us take a quick look at Rizal's long list of ex-lovers in this episode of #RizalOnAir.
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In 1882, Rizal left for Europe to pursue further studies. During these years of Rizal abroad, he spent time not only studying but also fraternizing with fellow Filipinos and being involved in the propaganda movement. What difficulties did he face during these years? Find out in this episode of Rizal On Air.
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Chances are, the stuff you know about the boy Jose Rizal is mostly invented. He isn’t exactly a boy genius of immeasurable talent and a kind heart. He’s just… normal. But many events of his young life set the stage for who he became later on. Find out about it and more in this episode.
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To know Rizal, we must first understand the context of his life and heroism. We do that by looking at the developments of the Philippines as Spain’s colony in the nineteenth century, and the conditions that brought about the ideas and experiences of Jose Rizal.
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Why legislate a mandatory subject on the life and works of Jose Rizal? To answer this, we look back at the 1950s, when the Rizal Bill was proposed in the Philippine Congress, and the trials it went through before it became a law.
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We look back at the second quarter of 2022 in this new Catch Up episode. We talked about the elections, the results, and the troubles of legitimate media organizations, and ruminate about how we could move forward under a new administration.
We also talked about the series of changes in the lives of the PODKAS team, and the upcoming series, #RizalOnAir.
Join us
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Ngayong kaarawan ni Rizal, samahan niyo kaming buksan ang bagong season ng PODKAS! Simula July 2022, tampok ang buhay, kabayanihan, at sulatin ni Rizal sa RIZAL ON AIR. Makakasama natin sa bagong season na ito si Dr. Janet Reguindin-Estella ng Ateneo de Manila University. Kitakits!
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As we end our fourth season, we tackle in our finale a very important yet contested topic about our society: our democracy. Moving to a new administration, how do we think about the ways to navigate the current landscape of our society to contribute to building our democratic institutions, remain hopeful, and find our voice in strengthening democratic practices? Ultimately, how do we work to be engaged citizens? We talked to Dr. Nicole Curato of the University of Canberra about deliberative democracy in the Philippines. Watch our full interview with Nicole at www.podkas.org.
Our next season is just around the corner! Continue supporting us by visiting our social media platforms or listening to our earlier episodes.
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A condominium obstructing the Rizal Monument's view. An expressway project over the Pasig River threatening to destroy heritage sites. Cultural heritage practices in danger of vanishing. Why is heritage so hard to protect in the country? We talked to Dr. Ivan Henares of the UP Diliman Asian Institute of Tourism to unpack the many heritage issues we face today.
Visit our website www.podkas.org to watch our full interview with Ivan Henares and other stuff on Philippine history, politics, and society.
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We have seen the future of our cities, and it is bleak. Urbanization comes with challenges in transport, infrastructure, security, health, and other essential social services. As it is, our cities have creaked and groaned; what more ten or fifty years from now? We talked with Ica Fernandez, a Ph.D. candidate from the University of Cambridge, to unravel the puzzle of urban governance in the Philippines and the critical approaches to ensure the development of sustainable and equitable cities in the country.
Visit our website, www.podkas.org, for our full interview with Ica, and other stuff on Philippine history, politics, and society.
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Is foreign debt a bad thing? How has debt impacted Philippine development in the 20th century? We talked with Dr. Leloy Claudio of the University of California, Berkeley, to see the Philippine experience on foreign debt and what it means in the current crisis context.
This episode was recorded before the results of the 2022 Presidential elections. Visit our website, www.podkas.org to watch our full interview with Leloy.
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Ever wondered when we started calling OFWs “Bagong Bayani”? Or how did we ever become one of the biggest diaspora populations in the world? Join us in this episode as we break down the issues and concerns surrounding labor export and OFWs with Dr. Jean Encinas Franco of UP Diliman.
Our full interview with Jean is available as a website exclusive, so visit www.podkas.org.
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As we celebrate Labor Day on May 1, we sat down with senatorial candidate and former Bukluran ng Manggagawang Pilipino president, Luke Espiritu, to tackle unemployment, poverty wages, and the Philippine labor situation. What can we do to revitalize the fight for labor rights in the country, and what does it mean to elect labor leaders in public office? Find out in this episode.
For our full interview with Luke, head over to our website, www.podkas.org.
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Our final episode for this mini-series isn't exactly a historical sub-discipline, but nonetheless very important and consequential to how we perceive and understand the Philippine past. Bro discusses some of the problems of history education in the country and relates potential strategies we can take to solve this.
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In the Philippines, traditional media has faced attacks by the state and is being sidelined by the rise of social media. This episode, we talked to Ayee Macaraig, journalist and academic, on the dynamics of media and politics in the Philippines and how we can continue understanding the place of media in a democracy.
Visit our website, www.podkas.org, for our full interview with Ayee and for more stuff on Philippine history, politics, and society.
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For the penultimate episode of our #HistoryPrimer series, we talk about a field of history we practice through PODKAS: Public History. Join us in exploring the imperative of historical scholarship to take on a public face.
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For decades, Philippine education has been plagued with numerous challenges that have seem to have been magnified by the ongoing pandemic. We unpack many of these challenges in this episode with the help of Dr. Lorina Calingasan, former principal of the UP Integrated School and professor at the UP College of Education.
Listen to our full interview with Lorina by visiting our website, www.podkas.org.
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What is Global History, and how is it different from the World History that we know and studied in high school? In this episode, our PODKAS team member Bro orients us about human interconnectivity and processes at a global scale that shaped the world as we know it today.
If you want more of PODKAS, visit our website, www.podkas.org.
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Religious block voting. Candidates seeking the endorsement of religious leaders. Religious leaders running for public office. And people on social media who post bible verses while hurling expletives and wishing people death—what makes for such a fascinating mix of religion and politics in the Philippines? We talked to Jayeel Cornelio of the Ateneo de Manila University to unpack this topic in this episode of #HindiNaBagoYan. Watch our full interview with Jayeel exclusively from our website, www.podkas.org.
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At its core, economic history investigates the economic aspects of the human experience. But it is a historical subdiscipline wrought with intellectual debates on theory and method. Find out about this and more in this episode of History Primer.
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The military is ideally a non-politicized sector that is subservient to civil authority. But in the Philippines, the military has been politicized, and it is not uncommon for them to occupy cabinet seats or run for elective positions. What does this mean for our democracy? In this episode, we talked to Dr. Aries Arugay of the University of the Philippines Diliman to unravel the dynamics of the military in Philippine politics. Visit our website, www.podkas.org, for our full interview with Aries, and more stuff on Philippine history, politics, and society.
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We present you our first Quarterly Catch Up! We talk about three of the biggest issues for the first quarter, January to March, 2022: the COVID-19 pandemic, the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the 2022 national elections. Join us as we wrap this quarter up before it ends!
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From the social, we turn our attention to the cultural, as a cultural turn brought attention to cultural history and how ordinary peoples conceived and made meaning of the world they lived in through culture. Lee walks us through this brief introduction designed to pique the history major and enthusiast's mind, especially with what exemplar works in Philippine cultural history are available at present. Visit our website, www.podkas.org for more stuff on Philippine history, politics, and society.
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Despite the 1987 Philippine Constitution expressly prohibiting political dynasties, political families have been so entrenched in Philippine politics that it seems as if a mark of our political identity. Dr. Patricio Abinales helps us historicize the phenomenon of dynastic politics and what can we do in this new episode of Hindi Na Bago ‘Yan.
Visit our website for our full interview with Dr. Abinales, and for more stuff on Philippine history, politics, and society.
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How did social history emerge as a counterpoint to political history, and why is it important to refocus our attention beyond the affairs of state? Listen as Aaron explains what social history is in this new episode of History Primer.
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Artista-turned-politiko, celebrities endorsing politicians, and star-studded campaign sorties and rallies—is celebrity a factor in Philippine politics? And what does this say about our democracy and the Filipino electorate? To unpack this, we are joined by historian, DLSU assistant professorial lecturer, and one of the most visible historical resource person on TV, Xiao Chua.
Listen to our full interview with Xiao by visiting our website, www.podkas.org.
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In this episode, Vec walks us through another subdiscipline of history, intellectual history and the history of ideas.
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To understand how the Duterte administration stifles dissent and packages criticism as credible threats against the state through red-tagging, we must contextualize red-tagging as a decades-old practice in the Philippines and how it threatens peaceful activism today. We are joined by a medical doctor, mental health advocate, and Akbayan Party-List second nominee, RJ Naguit, to talk about this issue.
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As we introduce branches of history in this special miniseries, we start with the OG: political history. How did it develop, and what are its limitations? Let's find out.
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Since Duterte rose to power in 2016, he has been tagged a “populist” president. But what is populism? And how did Duterte and other Philippine leaders embody it? In this episode, we are joined by Cleve Arguelles, a political scientist from De La Salle University and a Ph.D. student from the Australian National University to understand what populism is and how previous presidents used it as a political strategy.
Visit our website, www.podkas.org, to listen to our full interview with Cleve. Check out Cleve on Twitter @clevearguelles.
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We made it through our first year! Join us in this conversation as we look back at our milestones for the year, and how our podcasting journey has gone, thus far.
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We end the year with several issues that rocked the country this month: the BDO scam, the removal of World War II heroes from the 1,000 peso banknote, the entry of the Omicron variant and the continuing COVID situation in the Philippines, Typhoon Odette that ravaged parts of Visayas and Mindanao, and the latest Pulse Asia survey on presidential preference. And it's just us, the PODKAS team, for this episode.
We also celebrate the first anniversary of PODKAS! Stick it out until the next episode where we talk about our podcasting journey.
Visit www.podkas.org for more stuff on Philippine history, politics, and society.
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In recent months, tensions rising in the West Philippine Sea have hogged the headlines, while our territorial claims in Sabah have been revived perennially by government officials and other claimants in the south. What should we know about our territorial disputes, and how do these issues affect the country's foreign policy? We talked to Dr. Herman Joseph Kraft of the U.P. Department of Political Science to know more about the country's territorial disputes and how relevant it is in the coming elections.
Visit our website, www.podkas.org, to listen to our full interview with Herman.
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After almost a century, a land reform program that would genuinely emancipate the Filipino farmers remains elusive. Our agricultural situation pales in comparison to that of our neighbors. Small landholders and landless peasants find themselves in precarious and impoverished situations, especially when viewed relative to their Southeast Asian counterparts. In this episode, we are joined by Dr. Veronica Gregorio, a rural sociologist from the National University of Singapore, to appraise the country’s agricultural situation and forward important recommendations for an effective and inclusive agricultural agenda.
To listen to our full interview with Nikki, visit our website, www.podkas.org.
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Much has been said about Mindanao, the "land of promise" and the site of an intractable ethnic conflict that took decades to resolve. Significant milestones have been achieved in recent years, and now, we have the Bangsamoro, which has replaced the ARMM as a more preferred autonomy setup. But how should we understand the developments in Muslim Mindanao in light of the transition to Bangsamoro? We are joined by Prof. Yasmira Moner of the Mindanao State University Iligan Institute of Technology to talk about Mindanao, peace, and the BARMM.
Listen to our older episodes on Mindanao!
Jabidah Massacre
Moro Representation in History
For our full interview with Yasmira, head over to our website, www.podkas.org.
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In recent decades, multiple presidents have attempted to undertake constitutional reform. No one has yet to succeed. In 2016, President Rodrigo Duterte won the presidency on a platform of shifting the country to a federal system of governance, but the motion has already been long dead, sidetracked by a bevy of reasons, one of them, the COVID-19 pandemic. But as we witness and participate in the ongoing conversations regarding the 2022 presidential elections, what should we know about charter change through the years? In this episode, we are joined by political scientist and UP Diliman Professor Maria Ela L. Atienza to guide us through this topic.
For our full interview with Ela, head to our website, www.podkas.org.
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Although the holidays are just around the corner, we will not let November pass us by without talking about some of its news-breakers. We talked about the continuing COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines and the reopening of schools, the latest display of aggression by China in the West Philippine Sea, and the gripping drama that was the deadline for substitution for the 2022 national elections. Joining us in this discussion is a political scientist, a Ph.D. candidate from the Australian National University, and lecturer from De La Salle University, Cleve Arguelles.
Visit our website, www.podkas.org for more information and resources on Philippine history, politics, and society.
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The climate crisis is upon us. In a country as high in the global climate risk index as the Philippines, we must understand the nature and context of a global phenomenon that threatens us today and in the future. What are the roots of this problem, and how can we engage our leaders on this issue? To know more about climate change, we talked to Dr. Doracie Zoleta Nantes of the National Panel of Technical Experts, Climate Change Commission of the Philippines.
To listen to our full conversation with Doracie, head over to our website, www.podkas.org.
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How persistent is economic inequality in the country? In this episode, we reached out to economist and Rappler columnist, Dr. JC Punongbayan of the UP School of Economics to talk about some economic problems that the Philippines have suffered as a nation and what flaws in the system enable these issues to continue to the present.
If you want to listen to our full interview with JC, visit our website, www.podkas.org.
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While the Philippines does well in global gender indices, there is clear and present gender inequality in the country. A closer look into the Philippine gender situation exposes the challenges that women, the LGBT, and other gender minorities face daily. But what about throughout Philippine history? With the help of Sharmila Parmanand, we revisit the evolution of gender issues in the Philippines through time in this new episode of PODKAS.
You may visit our website, www.podkas.org, for our full interview with Sharmila and more episodes and resources on Philippine history, politics, and society.
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As we face multiple crises today, the proliferation of fake news and disinformation campaigns make the already complex situation more difficult. And yet, fake news isn't really new. In this episode, we situate this phenomenon in history and look at how we can better defend the truth at a time when facts are bent toward insidious aims. With us this episode is Jonathan Ong of the University of Massachusetts Amherst.
To listen to our full interview with Jon, and for more stuff on Philippine history, politics, and society, head on over to our website, www.podkas.org.
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What a historic October it has been! For our wrap up, we talk about the 2022 Philippine elections (which just got more real this month), the oil price hike, the continuing COVID-19 pandemic, and the historic Nobel Peace Prize awarded to Maria Ressa. With us this episode is Rappler’s Life and Style, Entertainment, and Opinion Editor, Marguerite de Leon (@margie_deleon) to help us unpack this month’s newsbreakers and to share a bit of an insider’s perspective on Rappler and the impact of Maria Ressa’s Nobel.
Listen to our fourth season, Hindi Na Bago 'Yan, and visit our website www.podkas.org for more resources on Philippine history, politics, and society.
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More than a year and a half later, the fight against COVID-19 still rages on. It seemed as if the world was caught unaware as governments scrambled to respond. But... it's not like the world is experiencing its first pandemic, right? For our second Hindi Na Bago 'Yan episode, we talked to Dr. Renzo Guinto of St. Luke's Medical Center regarding the current pandemic as we try to look back at the Philippine experience of pandemics past. We also talked about the Global North and South divide and the movement to decolonize public health.
For a full version of our interview with Renzo, visit our website, www.podkas.org.
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PODKAS is back with a brand new season! In the first episode of Hindi Na Bago 'Yan!, we take a look at Philippine elections and party politics. As the 2022 election looms ahead, we are inundated by talks of standard bearers, political parties, party-switching, among others. What do these mean? And how are our elections and political parties rooted in history? We talked to Julio Teehankee of De La Salle University to help us unpack this topic.
For a full version of our interview with July, visit our website, www.podkas.org.
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Isa na namang bagong season ng PODKAS ang paparating. Dahil nalalapit na ang eleksyon, sisipatin natin ang ilang mga usapin sa kasalukuyan gamit ang kasaysayan. Kaya naman ang pamagat ng ating bagong season ay, "Hindi nabago 'yan! Current Events from a Broader Historical Perspective". Bawat linggo simula October 23, may mga makakasama tayong mga experts mula sa iba't ibang mga disiplina upang tulungan tayong unawain ang mga paksa natin. At kami namang mga historyador ang mag-uugat at magko-contextualize nito sa kasaysayan.
Magkita-kita tayo sa October 23!
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The BER months are here! And even if we're on a break, we cannot miss all the happenings this September, because it was no less newsworthy than the rest of the year! We covered HB 9850 which mandates that 50% of the tertiary Philippine history curriculum be focused on WW2, Toni Talks and that interview with Bongbong Marcos, the continuing COVID-19 pandemic and the Pharmally scandal, and the upcoming elections. With us in this episode is a historian from the National Historical Commission of the Philippines and our resident Twitter historian, Kris Pasion (@indiohistorian)!
So get cozy and join us as we traverse through this month's newsbreakers, and brace yourself as we are set to launch our brand new season next month!
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We go back to the events of August 2021 as we discuss the IPCC Report on Climate Change, the Taliban march to Kabul in Afghanistan, the Whang-Od and Nas Academy controversy, and the multitude of issues that hound the government response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. With us to unpack these issues is our special guest Dr. Dahlia Simangan, Associate Professor and core member of the Network for Education and Research on Peace and Sustainability, Hiroshima University. She also hosts her own podcast on academia and the Global South, Scholars Unbound.
The PODKAS Team will be launching a brand new season very soon! For updates, please visit our website, www.podkas.org.
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We conclude our season on contested histories by shining a light on another underrepresented sector in Philippine history: the indigenous peoples. We travel through hundreds of years of resistance against colonization, maintaining indigenous cultures, and the struggle of the IPs for their rights and their welfare in Philippine society. The IP story is that of marginalization and oppression. What can we do to change this?
For more PODKAS, visit www.podkas.org. Watch out for our Season 4 drop very soon!
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The Chinese in the Philippines have been a permanent fixture that has defined Filipino culture for hundreds of years. From trading partners, migrants, and their usual representation as merchants and entrepreneurs, we explore the changing representations of the Chinese in Philippine history in this episode.
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We scan several historical periods to situate Moro identity and their historical experience within the Philippine polity by interrogating the place they occupied in the writing of Philippine history. Our conversation revealed that while the historical injustices they suffered since the seat of government was left to the Christian majority, it wasn't until the time of Marcos that the flames of discontent and revolt were stoked. Now that Muslim Mindanao is transforming into the Bangsamoro, we must do what we can to revisit the place of the Moro in our historical narrative and realize that they are, indeed, part of Philippine society.
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More than a historical controversy, the way women have been treated in Philippine history is nothing short of historical injustice. In this episode, we talk about how the Filipina has been written in Philippine history by tracking how historical writing has rendered women marginalized, voiceless, and trapped in a Maria Clara box. Lee also talks about his recent journal article on the portrayal of women during World War II in the Philippines.
We know you want more PODKAS, so head over to www.podkas.org for more of the good stuff!
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July was an eventful month, and we can't let it go without discussing some of the most newsworthy events, such as DTI's move to standardize Adobo; DepEd's tantrum regarding the country's poor education ranking; the slew of calamities that affected Filipinos this month such as flooding, the threat of Taal's eruption, and a strong earthquake; the #Tumindig movement; Duterte's last SONA; and the Philippines' first ever Olympic gold medal, care of weightlifter Hidilyn Diaz.
We are joined by environmental historian and UP Department of History assistant professor, Dr. Kerby Alvarez. Join us in this conversation, and visit our website, www.podkas.org, for more stuff on PODKAS!
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Arguably the most history-conscious president, Ferdinand Marcos attempted to rein in how he will be remembered as a historical figure. He did this mainly through propaganda and the commissioning of a definitive Philippine history book to be published under his name (very on-brand). He hired the best and the brightest historians, and the result: the Tadhana project. Only three tomes came out of the envisioned book set. But it still begs to be asked: what happens when people in power with vested interests and specific agenda "writes" history? Let's find out.
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The Jabidah Massacre is a historical controversy that ignited the country's most intractable conflict. But what is it, and did it really happen? How did it spark the independence movement in Mindanao, and why does this event remain contested until today? Let's unpack all these and more in another episode of PODKAS.
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In this episode, we look at three portraits of Filipinos during World War II: Jose P. Laurel, the "puppet" president of the Second Philippine Republic, Capt. Nieves Fernandez, a teacher-turned-guerrilla leader, and Ferdinand E. Marcos, the "most decorated Filipino hero of the war," at least according to him. One of these three is not like the other: which explains how the terrain of heroism during the war isn't as clear-cut as it seems.
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We have been taught that we have colonialism to thank for who we are today. Christianity, a major religion in the country, was a Spanish legacy, while democracy is a government system we inherited from the United States. Many history textbooks speak of these colonial legacies, but somehow gloss over the violence and abuse that colonial systems brought the country and its indigenous populations. In this episode, we assess how colonialism is viewed in society today, and how we should see it in the future.
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There were a lot of news breakers this month, but in this episode, we talk about Duterte and the International Criminal Court, the continuing COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, Netflix's Trese, and the sudden passing of former president Noynoy Aquino. Handholding us in the legalese behind the issue of Duterte and the ICC, among others, is lawyer and lecturer Ross Tugade. Join us in this very engaging and fruitful episode, and let us look back. We're midway 2021, so hang on tight! For more PODKAS, visit our website, www.podkas.org.
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A discussion on the quintessential character of Filipino politics would be remiss if it did not start with the true populist original, Manuel Luis Quezon. He was so legendary a politician that he has a city and a province named after him, among others. Who is Quezon, and how do we characterize his politics? Where did he stand in arguably the most critical issue of his time: independence from the United States? Check out this episode to find out.
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We enter the 20th century in this season as we talk about McKinley's Benevolent Assimilation proclamation and the underside of the US "civilizing mission" in the Philippines. What reasons did the United States use to rationalize its continued presence in the islands? Was the new colonial order "benevolent?" Let's find out.
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Happy independence day! What better way to spend this day by interrogating one of the most enduring controversies in our history: Rizal's retraction. An issue that involves scant eyewitness accounts, allegations of forgery, masonic affiliations, the Catholic church, and many other aspects that needs to be unpacked, especially in light of recently found evidence. Did Rizal retract? And if he did, does it matter? Find out in this episode.
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While the Philippine Revolution remains a centerpiece of our national narrative, some aspects are shrouded in mystery. Some factual information, like the exact date and place of the Cry of Rebellion, could easily be dismissed as inconsequential because we all know that it happened anyway; we just can't tell exactly when. But History demands details. In this episode, we look at the multiple and varied eyewitness accounts of the Cry of Rebellion and how historians weighed in on the issue of using these sources.
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We look back on the events of May 2021: the Israel-Palestine conflict, Duterte’s debate challenge and the West Philippine Sea, the continuing (mis)management of the pandemic in the country, and flexible learning. We are joined by our friend, Prof. Enrico “Mico” Gloria of the Department of Political Science, U.P. Diliman.
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In 2022, we will commemorate the sesquicentennial of the GOMBURZA's execution, a watershed event that had a direct and deep impact on the Filipinos who will influence and lead the Philippine Revolution years later. But the martyrdom of the three priests could only be understood by discussing the event that led to their execution, and that is the Cavite Mutiny in 1872. What really happened in this event, and why was this the catalyst responsible for influencing a revolution decades later? Find out in this latest episode of Contested Philippine Histories, the third season of PODKAS.
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One of the most enduring and perhaps, heated debates in Philippine history is ascertaining the site of the first Catholic Mass in the Philippines, and 2021 marks 500 years since this historical event for Catholic Filipinos. Using our knowledge of history and historiography, let us look at the two traditions claiming to be the sites of the first Mass—Butuan and Limasawa—and try to see what’s the deal with this historical problem.
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Our newest season is here! We open Contested Philippine Histories with a historical problem that made the news rounds recently: The Battle of Mactan. Was LapuLapu a Tausug from the "Eastern Kingdom of Sulu"? Did he fight off invaders because of freedom? Was he the middle-aged and muscular warrior in the popular imagination? And did he really kill Magellan? That's a lot of questions, but if these aren't enough, we also interrogate the value and politics of commemoration in the present day, among other things.
Listen to our first two seasons, if you haven't already, and visit our website, www.podkas.org for more information and resources about the show.
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A new season of PODKAS is coming very soon! Starting May 15, we will tackle controversies, hoaxes, scandals, and problems in Philippine history in Contested Philippine Histories, PODKAS Season 3!
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We can't let April go by just like that. Let's talk about #PatayNaBa, the continuing saga of the West Philippine Sea, the bright spot that is the community pantries mushrooming all over the country, and the 500 years of the Battle of Mactan commemoration hijacked by political interests through wild historical claims. To help us unpack a month bursting at the seams, we are joined by queer politics scholar and HKU Ph.D. student Andoy Evangelista.
We will be launching a new season very soon! For now, visit www.podkas.org for resources and content on Philippine history, politics, and society.
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At the turn of the twenty-first century, neoliberalism facilitated the expansion of an economy that made the rich richer and worsened inequality, resulting to the masses suffering unemployment and lack of job security, privatization of social services, and abject poverty. Against this backdrop rose Joseph "Erap" Ejercito Estrada, a movie-star turned leader that was loved by the people but was removed through a people power revolution. But before the scandal and controversy, what did Erap represent? How did he differ from his predecessors in the EDSA republic? We will answer these questions by looking at Erap's inaugural address in this final episode of Primary Sources & U.
We will be back very soon with a new season! While waiting for that, visit www.podkas.org for more resources on Philippine history, politics, and society.
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After the historic and momentous event that was EDSA People Power Revolution, the Philippines was on everyone's lips, especially Western democracies that saw the peaceful revolution as an opportunity to highlight the triumph of democracy over authoritarianism. President Corazon Aquino was invited to deliver a speech at a joint session of the United States Congress. The post-martial law government, or the EDSA Republic, could be understood better through said speech, the focus of this season's penultimate episode. Did things change after martial law? And was this change for the better? Let's find out.
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Before Marcos declared Martial Law in 1972, he had already identified what reasons he would use to rationalize such declaration. He detailed these reasons in Proclamation No. 1081, or the Declaration of Martial Law, a document that reveals, among other things, the many issues, most Marcos created himself, that necessitated authoritarian rule. We discuss all these and more in this episode.
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March flew past us by yet felt unnecessarily long. For our Women's Month episode, we tackled the biggest issues of the month, and boy, was that jampacked: Anti-Asian hate in the United States, Bloody Sunday the continuing anti-communist campaign in the Philippines, Evergiven and the Suez Canal obstruction, the growing tensions in the West Philippine Sea, and the continuing COVID-19 saga in the country in light of another ECQ. This is a lot for the Podkas team so we enlisted the help of our friend, Ash Presto.
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The Philippine postwar years are often overlooked in history classrooms, but understanding this period is crucial to contextualize how we do politics today. In this episode, we discuss one of the most prominent Philippine presidents of this period: Ramon Magsaysay, and the increasingly complex dynamics of US-Philippine relations with the Cold War as a backdrop. Whose guy really is Magsaysay? Let's find out.
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In 1943, almost two years after Japan launched a surprise attack, the Philippines was "granted" independence under Japan. A new republic was inaugurated, the Second Philippine Republic, led by President Jose P. Laurel. How did this republic come to be, and how were politics under the auspices of Japan? Filipinos have indeed longed for independence, but is this the envisioned independence? We'll answer these and more as we look at Philippine independence sponsored by the Japanese Empire during World War II through a speech by Jose P. Laurel, President of the Second Philippine Republic.
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In this episode, we explore the dynamics of US hegemony in the Philippines as they occupied the country at the turn of the twentieth century by reading the Commission on Independence's petition letter, Filipino grievances against Governor Wood. Of particular interest in this period are the quest for independence through political negotiations and the clash between the Filipino political elite and one very stern American governor-general, Leonard Wood, the petition letter's subject. What were these grievances that Filipinos complained about, enough to call for Wood's removal? Were there different sides to this political scuffle in the 1920s? How did this impact the clamor for independence? And independence, for whom? That's a lot of questions, but trust that we'll unpack all that and more.
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What does it mean to be free? In this episode, we demystify some of the issues surrounding Philippine independence—its symbolisms, silences, and misconceptions—by reading the Declaration of Philippine Independence, authored by Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista.
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For the February edition of our monthly WRAP UP, we talk about five news breakers: Myanmar coup, the lumad school raids, the continuing vaccine politics in the Philippines, the MGCQ recommendation in NCR, and the PDEA-PNP misencounter. We explore these news with our special guest, Prof. Jio Guiang of #ThrowbackKasaysayan.
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The answer to this episode's question is not as straightforward as some people think, and there needs to be some contextualization on specific events that led to the execution of Bonifacio, particularly, the politics between Magdalo and Magdiwang, the two influential factions of the Katipunan in Cavite. We shed light on one of Philippine history's most contentious controversies by reading Emilio Aguinaldo's Mga Gunita ng Himagsikan.
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Aside from writing the Kartilya ng Katipunan, Emilio Jacinto also wrote Liwanag at Dilim, which detailed the political philosophy of the Katipunan as a movement and an organization, and served as proof why Jacinto has been known to be the "brains of the revolution." We talk about this and more in this episode of PODKAS. Visit our website, www.podkas.org for more information and resources on Philippine history, politics, and society.
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In this episode, we zone in on the propaganda movement and arguably the wittiest of its firebrands, Marcelo H. Del Pilar. His work, Dasalan at Tocsohan, parodied Catholic prayers and surely agitated the target of the propaganda movement's criticisms, the friars. Join us as we analyze this primary source and the circumstances surrounding the burgeoning agitation for reform that will lead to revolution in the late nineteenth century.
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What's so special about the nineteenth century? Why do scholars call it "the long century," when all centuries are... a hundred years? Why will our great revolutionary heroes appear in this period? And why so many questions? We'll answer all these by reading an outsider's perspective of the Philippines in this century: John Foreman's The Philippine Islands, first published in 1890.
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Today's news is tomorrow's history. In this episode, we discuss some of the issues and events that rocked January 2021, lest we forget. We also welcome the newest member of the PODKAS team, Joselito "Bro" Ebro Jr.!
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As soon as a return route from the Philippines to the Americas was established, Spain launched its major scheme to maximize the profits they can get by having a colony in the "far east:" the Galleon Trade. In Manila, galleon ships were loaded mostly with Chinese goods, and traveled to Acapulco, Mexico, crossing the vast Pacific Ocean. Join us as we learn about this trade that lasted for more than two centuries by reading Antonio de Morga's Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas in this new episode of PODKAS.
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Upon arriving in the islands that would become Filipinas, what did the Spaniards do next? They had to find ways to subjugate the native population, so they studied the early Filipinos, resulting in a fascinating peek into the island peoples' customs and traditions. In this episode, we talk about the Franciscan friar Juan de Plasencia’s Relacion de las Costumbres de los Tagalos, more popularly known as Customs of the Tagalogs to explain how they saw the indigenous political and social organization of the Tagalogs, including some choice descriptions of indigenous spirituality (and oh boy, were they shookedt!).
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This year, we remember the 500th anniversary of the "discovery" of the Philippines... see any problems with that statement? In this episode, we analyze and read excerpts from Antonio Pigafetta's First Voyage Around the World by Magellan and simultaneously critique how we tend to view the "first" contact between Europe and what would become the Philippines half a millennia ago.
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With the new year comes a new season of PODKAS! Starting January 16, our conversations will center on historical periods, personalities, and events through primary sources in Primary Sources & U, PODKAS Season 2!
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In this first-ever episode of PODKAS, our hosts Aaron, Lee, and Vec introduce the show and share a bit of their experiences studying and teaching History. They also answer the question, “why do we study History?” in an attempt to identify the relevance, importance, and necessity of History as a field of study.
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Making history, doing History—in this episode, we talk about the basics of sources and methods in History, focusing on primary and secondary sources, internal and external criticism, and historical interpretation.
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How do we know when an event is historically important? To unpack this dilemma, Aaron discusses the elements of history, Vec answers the question “what makes history happen,” and Lee explains chronology and periodization. Ultimately, these discussions attempt to clarify how an event comes to be considered as part of history.
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I read a history book and watched a historical controversy video on YouTube. Am I a historian now? Not so fast. There are certain ideals and qualities desirable for one to be a historian, and it is not as easy as watching a video or getting a degree in History. In the context of a field that is not professionally regulated, how could we ensure that historians are the real deal? We tackle these issues, and more, in this episode of PODKAS.
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This primer (of sorts…) would not be complete without us talking about what is History. But shouldn’t we also ask, what is History not? In this episode, we talk about history as the past and a narrative, History as inquiry, and using h/History as propaganda.
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In the season finale of our #History101 series, we look at the different places, spaces, and scales where history could be perceived to occur: from the national to the local, the political to the social, and the micro to the global.
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Our first season is coming to your favorite podcast platforms on December 30! Learn more about PODKAS through our website, www.podkas.org, or follow us on our social media pages for more updates!
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