Manage the Wild: Recent Episodes
Nick Madsen
All things wildlife: hunting, fishing, conservation, habitat and wildlife management from the perspective of a wildlife ecology and management graduate.
In this episode, the host discusses the findings from a mule deer meeting where research professors and PhD candidates shared their research on mule deer management. The conversation covers topics such as the impact of precipitation on mule deer population, mortality factors for mule deer, cougars as predators of mule deer, and the effect of buck-to-doe ratios on mule deer population. The host also emphasizes the importance of understanding the impact of buck-to-doe ratios and discusses the optimal ratio for population growth. The episode concludes with a mention of upcoming research presentations. Takeaways * Precipitation plays a crucial role in the health and population of mule deer. * Mortality factors for mule deer include heat susceptibility in fawns and cougar predation. * Cougars can target mule deer of all ages, leading to population decline. * The optimal buck-to-doe ratio for population growth is around 12 to 13 bucks for every 100 does.
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen shares the story of a mature buck that died in a highly trafficked area. The initial suspicion was that the deer had consumed the toxic California Ewe plant, but further examination revealed multiple health issues. Ultimately, the cause of death was determined to be salmonella septicemia, possibly contracted from a nearby dairy farm. The deer also had sarcocytosis, a parasite infection. Madsen discusses the concerns and ongoing monitoring efforts to ensure the health of the local deer population. Takeaways * The California Ewe plant is highly toxic to mule deer and can cause rapid death. * The deer in question had multiple health issues, including colitis, hepatitis, sarcocytosis, ticks, and nasal pharyngeal bot worms. * Salmonella septicemia was determined to be the primary cause of death, possibly contracted from a nearby dairy farm. * Sarcocytosis is an incidental parasite infection that can be transmitted through contaminated feces.
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In this episode, the host recounts his attempts to capture a turkey on a college campus. The turkey had been causing problems and the host and a biologist were called in to solve the issue. Despite some initial failures, the host eventually manages to capture the turkey and release it safely. The episode also discusses the challenges faced by turkeys due to predators like golden eagles. Takeaways * Capturing and relocating wildlife can be a challenging task * Proper equipment and preparation are crucial for success * Predators like golden eagles can pose a threat to turkey populations * Wildlife management requires careful consideration of various factors
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In this episode of Manage the Wild, host Nick Madsen shares his experience using a net gun to capture a turkey. He introduces the net gun and discusses the challenges and precautions associated with its use. Nick recounts his attempt to capture the turkey and the unexpected outcome. He emphasizes the importance of accepting failure and learning from it. Nick also explores the benefits and applications of the net gun, including wildlife rescue scenarios. He concludes by discussing the possibility of testing the net gun on deer in the future. Takeaways * Using a net gun for wildlife capture can be challenging and requires careful consideration of safety precautions. * Accepting failure is an important part of learning and improving in new endeavors. * The net gun has various applications, including capturing turkeys, rescuing wildlife entangled in fishing lines, and managing injured birds. * Testing the net gun on deer poses potential challenges and risks that need to be carefully evaluated.
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen shares his experience using the drug BAM to chemically immobilize animals. He recounts a situation where they had to immobilize a moose trapped in a facility. Despite their efforts, the moose did not cooperate and ran away. Nick discusses the challenges they faced, including the weather conditions and the possibility of issues with the drug mixture. He also explains the process of darting animals and the importance of air pressure. The episode ends with plans to continue the operation and a reminder to be cautious when working with immobilization drugs. Takeaways * BAM (Butyrophanol Azaperon Metatomidine) is a drug used for immobilizing animals. * Weather conditions, such as cold temperatures and snow, can affect the effectiveness of immobilization drugs. * Darting animals requires careful consideration of air pressure and range finding. * Nighttime darting is not recommended due to the uncertainty of dart placement.
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen shares his experience dealing with aggressive turkeys on a school campus. He discusses the prevalence of nuisance turkeys in the area and the challenges they pose. Nick recounts his attempt to capture the aggressive turkey and the unexpected agility and intelligence of the bird. Despite the turkey's escape, Nick reflects on the lessons learned and plans for future strategies. Takeaways * Nuisance turkeys can be a significant problem in certain areas, causing fear and inconvenience for people. * Turkeys are intelligent and agile creatures, capable of evading capture and surprising humans with their quick reflexes. * Dealing with aggressive turkeys requires careful planning and the use of specialized equipment, such as net guns. * It is important to learn from failed attempts and adapt strategies to effectively manage nuisance turkeys.
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen shares his experience of hazing deer to prevent damage to a wheat field. He discusses the various methods of hazing, including using bird shot, cracker shells, and a rifle. Nick also highlights the challenges of hazing in a large area and the potential risks involved. He recounts a nerve-wracking moment when he had to prevent a group of deer from crossing a freeway. Despite the efforts, hazing may not always be effective in deterring deer from returning to the area. The episode concludes with Nick reflecting on the temporary nature of hazing as a solution. Takeaways * Hazing is a method used to deter wildlife, such as deer, from causing damage to crops or property. * Different hazing methods, such as using bird shot, cracker shells, or a rifle, can be employed depending on the situation. * Hazing in a large area can be challenging due to limited visibility and the spread-out nature of the deer group. * While hazing can be effective in some cases, it may not always prevent deer from returning to the area.
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen shares his experiences with depredation and the challenges faced in managing wildlife. He discusses the issues of deer trampling and eating crops, and the efforts taken to haze the deer away from the property. Nick also highlights the difficulties in assessing damage caused by trampling. He then shares two unusual encounters he had during depredation work, including an unexpected visit from a yellow lab and a close call with a rancher's dog. These stories showcase the unpredictable nature of wildlife management. Takeaways * Depredation can be a significant challenge for landowners, especially when deer trample crops and eat vegetation. * Hazing techniques, such as yelling, and using cracker shells, and shotgun shells, can be effective in keeping deer away from the property. * Assessing damage caused by trampling is a complex task that requires further research and collaboration with colleges and experts. * Wildlife management work can lead to unexpected and sometimes humorous encounters with animals, highlighting the unpredictable nature of the job.
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen recounts his experience responding to a cougar sighting near a cemetery. He describes the challenges of locating the cougar and the efforts to keep the neighborhood safe. The episode highlights the chaotic scene after darting the cougar and the importance of securing the area. Madsen also discusses the health assessment of the cougar and the increase in cougar calls following such incidents. Takeaways * Responding to cougar sightings requires coordination between wildlife officers, biologists, and law enforcement to ensure public safety. * Darting a cougar can be a chaotic and hectic situation, with various stakeholders wanting to be involved and document the process. * Reversing the drugs used to sedate the cougar requires careful timing to ensure the animal fully recovers. * Following a cougar sighting, there is often an increase in reported cougar sightings, which may include misidentifications of other animals.
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen discusses the time crunch faced by wildlife biologists and managers when making hunt recommendations. The hunt recommendation numbers are released in April, but the data collection process is challenging due to the hunting season starting in August and ending in January. The biologists rely on various data sources, including population estimates, GPS collar data, hunter harvest data, habitat and environmental conditions, and disease data. They use this information to determine buck-to-doe ratios, assess population objectives, and make recommendations for permits. The episode highlights the importance of accurate and up-to-date data in the decision-making process. Takeaways * Hunt recommendation numbers are released in April, but the data collection process is challenging due to the hunting season starting in August and ending in January. * Wildlife biologists and managers rely on various data sources, including population estimates, GPS collar data, hunter harvest data, habitat and environmental conditions, and disease data. * Buck-to-doe ratios are used to assess population objectives and determine the number of permits to be issued. * Accurate and up-to-date data is crucial for making informed hunt recommendations
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen discusses various wildlife management plans and the importance of public input. He starts with a personal update and introduces the topics of the grizzly bear management plan in Montana and the wolf conservation management plan in Colorado. He highlights the extensive movement of collared wolves in Colorado and the need to update the grizzly bear management plan due to population growth and dispersal. Nick emphasizes the opportunity for public input and encourages listeners to voice their opinions on wildlife management. He also discusses the differing opinions and involvement of hunters in wildlife management and the changing approaches to wildlife management in different states. The episode concludes with a reminder of the importance of civic engagement in wildlife management. Takeaways * Public input is crucial in wildlife management plans. * The movement of collared wolves in Colorado highlights the need for updated management plans. * Hunters should actively participate in wildlife management discussions. * Wildlife management approaches are changing in different states.
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A man in Northern Utah had a terrifying encounter with a cougar while backcountry snowboarding. This incident highlights the importance of safety precautions and being prepared when engaging in outdoor activities. The conversation also introduces the Wild Aware Utah website as a resource for information on wildlife encounters. Tips on how to react when encountering a cougar are discussed, emphasizing the need to stay calm, make oneself look big, and back away slowly. Additionally, the conversation emphasizes the importance of being aware of one's surroundings and avoiding distractions like headphones.
Anderson, M. (2024) Cache Valley man fends off Cougar Attack with snowboard, KSLTV.com. Available at: https://ksltv.com/620892/cache-valley-man-fends-off-cougar-attack-with-his-snowboard/ (Accessed: 07 February 2024).
Be aware ’ Cougars (no date) Wild Aware Utah. Available at: https://www.wildawareutah.org/wildlife/cougars/ (Accessed: 07 February 2024).
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In this episode of Manage the Wild, host Nick Madsen discusses ongoing fights in court related to wildlife issues. He highlights the case of Montana taking the US Fish and Wildlife Services to court over the listing of Wolverines as threatened. Madsen explains the implications of listing a species as threatened or endangered and the potential impact on wildlife management. He also shares a recent case in Nevada where three men were convicted of illegally harvesting a mule deer using a drone. Madsen expresses concerns about the increasing use of drones in wildlife hunting and the ethical implications it raises. Takeaways * Wildlife issues often lead to legal battles in court. * Listing a species as threatened or endangered has implications for wildlife management and funding. * Illegal harvesting of wildlife using drones is a growing concern. * The use of drones in wildlife hunting raises ethical questions.
Three Men Convicted of Illegally Harvesting Mule Deer - NDOW
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen discusses the challenges posed by chronic wasting disease (CWD) in wildlife populations. CWD is a fatal infectious neurological disease detected in multiple states and provinces. The spread of CWD is difficult to contain, as it can be transmitted through infected animals and remains viable in the environment for a long time. Biologists are implementing strategies to reduce populations and buck to doe ratios in infected areas. However, the persistence of CWD and its impact on various wildlife species is a growing concern. Takeaways * Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is a fatal infectious neurological disease that affects wildlife populations. * CWD has been detected in multiple states and provinces, making it a widespread concern. * Efforts to reduce populations and buck-to-doe ratios are being implemented to contain the spread of CWD. * CWD remains viable in the environment for a long time, posing challenges for control and eradication.
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The conversation discusses the outbreak of pneumonia in the Hells Canyon area of Idaho among bighorn sheep. The host shares his personal experience with a similar outbreak in the past and highlights the severity of the disease. The challenges of managing and translocating infected sheep are also discussed. The conversation emphasizes the inability to slow the spread of the disease and the potential catastrophic impact on the bighorn sheep population. The tri-state area and the response of each state are mentioned, and the hope for a better outcome is expressed. Takeaways * Pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (MOV) is a serious threat to bighorn sheep populations. * Translocating infected sheep can lead to the spread of the disease and compromise the entire herd. * There is currently no effective way to slow the spread of the disease or reduce death among infected sheep. * The outbreak in the Hells Canyon area of Idaho could have a catastrophic impact on the bighorn sheep population. * The response of each state in the tri-state area will be crucial in monitoring and managing the outbreak.
Pneumonia hits Hells Canyon bighorn sheep, F&G and neighboring states monitoring the effects | Idaho Fish and Game
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In this episode, Nick Madsen discusses the recent elk trapping and disease testing conducted by the Utah Division of Wildlife. He highlights the use of collar data by hunters to track elk and the debates surrounding the use of equipment and technology in hunting. Madsen raises ethical concerns about accessing telemetry frequencies and expresses worries about the potential misuse of such data. He concludes by mentioning House Bill 404 in Idaho, which aims to restrict public access to telemetry data. Takeaways * Elk trapping is conducted for disease testing purposes, with a focus on collaring calves for movement ecology studies. * Hunters have started using collar data to track elk by obtaining telemetry frequencies from states. * Debates exist regarding the use of equipment and technology in hunting, with differing opinions on scopes, trail cams, and radios. * There are ethical concerns about accessing telemetry frequencies and the potential impact on fair chase principles. * Misuse of telemetry data, such as for gaining an unfair advantage in hunting, is a growing concern. * House Bill 404 in Idaho aims to restrict public access to telemetry data, reflecting ongoing discussions about data privacy and hunting ethics.
(No date) MSN. Available at: https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/cheat-codes-for-hunters-idaho-bill-would-help-prevent-pinpoint-of-wildlife-locations/ar-BB1hCWet (Accessed: 01 February 2024).
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This episode discusses the challenges of achieving desired antler growth in an area of Northern Utah that is mostly private land. The host explores the theory of increasing elk population to improve antler growth and argues that it is counterproductive. Overpopulation leads to increased competition, stress, and decreased forage quality. The episode emphasizes the importance of reducing the age structure of the elk population to enhance antler growth. It also highlights the impact of human disturbance and habitat loss on elk and suggests reducing disturbance to promote better antler growth. Takeaways * Increasing elk population does not necessarily lead to improved antler growth. * Overpopulation results in increased competition, stress, and decreased forage quality. * Reducing the age structure of the elk population can enhance antler growth. * Human disturbance and habitat loss negatively impact elk and their antler growth.
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The conversation discusses the phenomenon of animals moving from public land to private land. It explores the reasons behind this movement and the impact of factors such as outdoor recreation and baiting. The conversation highlights the importance of understanding the role of pressure and reduction in pressure on animal behavior. Ultimately, it suggests that animals are becoming smarter and more inclined to move to private areas that offer less disturbance and pressure from human activities. Takeaways * Animals, including geese, are increasingly moving from public land to private land due to factors such as outdoor recreation and the availability of tools that allow people to access remote areas. * The debate around baiting animals on private property highlights the issue of animals being pulled off public land during hunts. * The lack of pressure on private land compared to public land is a significant factor in animals' preference for private areas. * Reduced pressure allows animals to have a quieter and more peaceful habitat, which positively impacts their health and ability to find food.
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In this episode, the host discusses his discovery of new coveys of Chuckers and the importance of conserving these upland game species. He shares a story about the consequences of over-hunting and the impact it can have on the population. The host emphasizes the need to educate new hunters on conservation practices and the reasons for limiting hunting in certain areas. He also highlights the trend of upland game species moving to private property due to hunting pressure. Lastly, he discusses the challenges of sharing fishing honey holes and the importance of understanding the impact of overfishing. Takeaways * Conservation practices are crucial for preserving upland game species. * Educating new hunters on the importance of limiting hunting pressure is essential. * Upland game species are increasingly moving to private property to avoid hunting pressure. * Sharing fishing honey holes can lead to overfishing and the depletion of secret locations.
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In this episode, the host shares his experience of discovering new hunting spots while waiting for a biologist. He also discusses the current status of the mule deer population and the increasing fawn mortality. The mystery of a missing collar is explored, and the concept of additive mortality in relation to prairie dog colonies is explained. Takeaways * Exploring new areas and spending time quietly can lead to the discovery of new hunting spots. * Mule deer populations can be affected by fawn mortality, which can be influenced by weather and predators. * The disappearance of a collar without a carcass raises questions about the fate of the animal. * Additive mortality can occur in isolated populations, such as prairie dog colonies when hunting activities put additional pressure on the animals.
Mills, L.S. (2013) Conservation of wildlife populations demography, genetics, and Management. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley-Blackwell.
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen discusses the concepts of additive mortality and compensatory mortality in hunting. Additive mortality refers to the direct impact of hunting on a population, adding pressure on top of existing factors like disease, predators, and weather. On the other hand, compensatory mortality can help balance a population by removing animals that would have died due to habitat degradation or other factors. Nick also highlights the role of hunting in restoring ecosystems, managing population growth, and addressing habitat degradation. He emphasizes the importance of communication and objectives in wildlife management. Takeaways * Additive mortality in hunting adds pressure on a population already affected by disease, predators, and weather. * Compensatory mortality can help balance a population by removing animals that would have died due to habitat degradation. * Hunting plays a role in restoring ecosystems and managing population growth. * Communication and setting objectives are crucial in wildlife management.
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In this episode, Nick Madsen shares some interesting encounters and observations from his time in the wilderness. He describes an encounter with elk and a shed antler, highlighting the possible causes of the antler being still attached. He also recounts a unique sighting of a golden eagle feeding on a turkey. Nick then discusses the challenges of managing mule deer, particularly in his unit where there is high winter mortality. He explains the differences in buck-to-doe ratios in different areas and the need to understand the biologist's recommendations. Overall, wildlife management presents challenges due to the unpredictable nature of animals.
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen discusses the challenges wildlife and biologists face in the Intermountain West during the winter season. He talks about the heavy snowfall and its impact on wildlife habitats, as well as the difficulties in maintaining water systems for elk in quarantine facilities. The movement of elk toward urban areas and the resulting depredation calls are also highlighted. The behavior of elk and the challenges they pose to farmers and ranchers are discussed. The loss of fawns due to winter conditions is mentioned, along with the recommendation to feed deer on south-facing slopes. The episode concludes with a reminder of the challenges wildlife faces and the importance of finding joy in difficult times. Takeaways * Winter weather poses challenges for wildlife and biologists in the Intermountain West. * Maintaining water systems for elk in quarantine facilities can be difficult during heavy snowfall. * The movement of elk towards urban areas leads to depredation calls and challenges for farmers and ranchers. * Winter conditions can result in the loss of fawns and impact the overall well-being of wildlife. * Feeding deer is not recommended due to disease spread, but south-facing slopes can provide natural food sources. * Wildlife in the Intermountain West face numerous challenges during winter, including deep snow and cold temperatures. * Finding joy and positivity in difficult times is important for both wildlife and humans.
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In this conversation, Nick Madsen discusses his experiences trapping elk for disease testing in Utah. He shares the challenges of working in winter conditions and the consequences of not wearing appropriate clothing. The purpose of trapping elk is to test for diseases such as brucellosis and chronic wasting disease, as well as collect data on genetics and interconnectedness. The focus is primarily on adult cows, as they are more likely to carry diseases. The conversation also touches on tagging and monitoring elk bulls, as well as the methods used for trapping elk. Cold weather poses additional challenges for trapping elk, such as the need for water and the impact of low temperatures. Takeaways * Trapping elk for disease testing is an important practice in Utah to monitor for diseases like brucellosis and chronic wasting disease. * Data collected from trapped elk includes genetic information, interconnectedness, and parasite loads. * The focus of disease testing is primarily on adult cows, as they are more likely to carry diseases. * Elk bulls are also tagged and monitored for data on dispersal and movement. * Trapping elk in cold weather presents challenges such as the need for water and the impact of low temperatures.
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In this episode, Nick Madsen discusses the issue of turkey depredation, where turkeys cause damage and nuisance in urban and rural areas. He explains the types of damage turkeys can cause, such as destroying bird feeders, picking berries clean, and damaging roofs and railings. Nick also shares his experience with trapping and relocating turkeys to manage the problem. He emphasizes the importance of removing food sources to encourage turkeys to leave. Additionally, he discusses the challenges of trapping and attracting more birds, as well as methods to deter turkeys. The episode concludes with a reminder that turkeys will move on once the food source is removed. Takeaways * Turkeys can cause damage and nuisance by destroying bird feeders, picking berries clean, and damaging roofs and railings. * Trapping and relocating turkeys can be an effective method to manage turkey depredation. * Removing food sources is crucial in encouraging turkeys to leave an area. * Methods such as fireworks and cracker shells can be used to deter turkeys, but approval from wildlife agencies is necessary.
This conversation discusses the challenges faced by biologists in managing elk populations. It explores topics such as elk migration and feeding, counting and tagging elk, challenges of splitting elk units, managing tags and objectives, public vs private land, overcrowding and harvesting issues, boundary challenges and Idaho elk, classifying animals and movement, and the complexity of biologists' decisions. Takeaways * Elk migration patterns can be unpredictable, with yearlings often leaving feed rows and migrating down canyons. * Counting and tagging elk can be challenging when elk from different units congregate in a single area. * Splitting elk units for management purposes can be difficult, especially when collared elk are concentrated in one unit. * Managing tags and objectives becomes complex when elk populations are not evenly distributed across units. * The distribution of public and private land can impact elk management decisions and hunting opportunities. * Overcrowding and a lack of elk to harvest can occur when elk are concentrated in a small area. * Boundary challenges and elk migration from neighboring states can complicate elk management efforts. * Classifying animals and understanding their movement patterns is crucial for effective management. * Biologists face complex decisions and considerations when managing elk populations, and their choices may not always be straightforward.
A nursery facility is being established in Utah to protect and grow a population of bighorn sheep. The facility will be located on private land and aims to create a disease-free population that can be used for repopulation efforts. The project was initiated due to a die-off of bighorn sheep on Antelope Island. Concerns about privatization and limited public access have been raised, but the project has received funding and support from various groups. The goal is to preserve and expand the bighorn sheep population, which is currently declining. Takeaways * A nursery facility is being established in Utah to protect and grow a population of bighorn sheep. * The facility will be located on private land and aims to create a disease-free population for repopulation efforts. * Concerns about privatization and limited public access have been raised. * The project has received funding and support from various groups.
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The conversation discusses the recent Supreme Court decision regarding the Pebble Mine in Bristol Bay. The mine, proposed by a Canadian company, has faced approval and rejection multiple times. The main concern is the potential environmental impact of the mine's disposal sites and the discharge into Bristol Bay's waters. Native tribes in the area are strongly opposed to the mine, as it could harm their livelihoods and the ecosystem. The EPA rejected the mine due to the high risk, and the Supreme Court upheld this decision. The conversation explores the balance between business interests and environmental protection, ultimately highlighting the importance of preserving Bristol Bay for future generations. Takeaways * The Pebble Mine in Bristol Bay has faced a long approval process, with the EPA ultimately rejecting it due to the potential environmental risks. * The mine's disposal sites and discharge into Bristol Bay's waters are major concerns, as they could harm the ecosystem and wildlife. * Native tribes in the area strongly oppose the mine, as it could impact their livelihoods and the pristine nature of Bristol Bay. * The Supreme Court recently upheld the EPA's decision, preventing the mine from moving forward.
Supreme Court Denies Alaska's Bid to Revive the Copper and Gold Pebble Mine Proposal Blocked by EPA (usnews.com)
In this episode, host Nick Madsen discusses the process of applying for a biologist or wildlife position in the State of Utah. He shares his personal experiences and insights into the hiring process, including the initial steps of finding the position and ranking one's experience. Nick also highlights the importance of justifying experience with public and private organizations and the challenges of the interview process. He explains how pre-interview questions and scenarios are used to assess candidates and emphasizes the significance of ranking in the final selection. Nick concludes by comparing the state's promotion process with that of the private sector. Takeaways * The first step in applying for a wildlife position is finding the desired position and ranking one's experience. * Justifying experience with public and private organizations is crucial in the application process. * The interview process for wildlife positions can be awkward and challenging, with candidates having to answer specific questions and scenarios. * Ranking plays a significant role in the final selection, and even knowing the interviewers may not guarantee success. * The promotion process in the state sector differs significantly from the private sector, requiring candidates to compete with numerous applicants.
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen discusses the use of dowsing rods in wildlife management and shares his personal experiences with encountering a dowsing rod user. He also explores the unconventional methods people employ in wildlife management and highlights the fascination of wildlife stories. Additionally, he emphasizes the importance of storytelling and selling ideas in the field of wildlife management. Takeaways * Dowsing rods, an ancient practice used to find water and other substances, have also been employed in wildlife management. * Unconventional methods, such as dowsing rods, are sometimes used by individuals to locate wildlife or make management decisions. * Wildlife management often involves storytelling and selling ideas to the public, as every action in the field requires convincing others of its importance. * Collecting and sharing wildlife stories is crucial for preserving experiences and lessons learned in the field.
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In this episode of the Manage the Wild podcast, host Nick Madsen discusses two different cougar incidents that resulted in the euthanization of the cougars. The first incident involved a cougar prowling an urban area and causing problems for residents. The cougar was trapped and released but ultimately had to be euthanized due to its poor health. The second incident occurred when a cougar was found under a deck in an urban area. Despite efforts to release it, the cougar exhibited abnormal behavior and had to be euthanized. Madsen highlights the importance of managing crowds in wildlife situations.
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In this episode, the host discusses the sighting of grizzly bears in eastern Montana after a hundred years. He also talks about the diverse work of wildlife biologists and the challenges they face. The conversation then shifts to the survival rates of fawns in Utah and the impact of feeding on their survival. Takeaways * Grizzly bears are expanding their population and moving into new territories. * Working as a wildlife biologist involves diverse tasks, including trapping elk, chopping ice, and protecting wildlife in trap facilities. * The life of a biologist is challenging and unpredictable, with tasks ranging from feeding elk to darting moose. * Survival rates of fawns in Utah vary across different regions, with feeding programs showing positive results in some areas.
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In this podcast episode, the host discusses the topic of Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) and its distinction from Blue Tongue disease. The conversation covers the background and introduction of the topic, the symptoms, and effects of EHD, the spread and transmission of the disease, the seasonal impact on EHD when to worry about animal deaths, and the separation of EHD and Blue Tongue. Takeaways * Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease (EHD) is a viral disease that affects ruminant animals, particularly white-tailed deer. * Symptoms of EHD include lethargy, disorientation, lameness, excessive salivation, foaming at the mouth, blood discharge from the nose, and sores on the nose and mouth. * Gnats and mosquitoes primarily spread EHD, and its transmission decreases in colder weather. * Animal deaths in late summer and early fall may be attributed to EHD, but it is not a major concern during winter.
In this episode, Nick shares a personal experience of encountering injured wildlife and emphasizes the importance of taking ethical shots as hunters. He discusses the trend of long-range shooting and advocates for getting closer to the animals for a more ethical hunting experience. The host also raises concerns about the spread of diseases among wildlife and the need for proper management. The episode serves as a reminder to be mindful of the impact of hunting practices on animal welfare. Takeaways * Taking ethical shots is crucial for the welfare of wildlife. * Long-range shooting has become a trend, but getting closer to the animals is a more ethical approach. * Disease management and prevention are important considerations in wildlife conservation. * Hunters should strive to be the best they can be for the animals they hunt.
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In this episode, the host shares his personal experiences encountering wolves in Alaska and discusses the recent introduction of wolves in Colorado. He reflects on how his perspective on wolves has changed over time, from being anti-wolf to recognizing their place in the ecosystem. The host emphasizes the importance of finding common ground between the agricultural industry and wolf conservation, suggesting that ranchers should be compensated for any losses caused by wolves. He advocates for collaboration and support for ranchers to ensure the coexistence of wolves and agriculture. Takeaways * Encountering wolves in their natural habitat can be a thrilling and awe-inspiring experience. * The introduction of wolves in Colorado has sparked discussions and debates about their impact on the ecosystem and the agricultural industry. * Perspectives on wolves can change over time as individuals gain more knowledge and understanding of their role in the ecosystem. * Finding common ground between the agricultural industry and wolf conservation is crucial for promoting coexistence and minimizing conflicts.
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Colorado's Gray Wolf Reintroduction Program
• Five gray wolves were released in Colorado's Rocky Mountains on Monday as part of a voter-approved reintroduction program. • The program, embraced in the state's mostly Democratic urban corridor, was opposed in conservative rural areas where ranchers worry about livestock attacks. • The wolves were set free from crates in a Grand County location kept undisclosed to protect predators. • The release marks the start of the most ambitious wolf reintroduction effort in the U.S. in almost three decades. • The wolves were set free from crates in a Grand County location that state officials kept undisclosed to protect the predators. • The wolves are expected to fill one of the last remaining major gaps in the western U.S. for the species. • The reintroduction, voted for in a 2020 ballot measure, has sharpened divides between rural and urban residents. • The wolf-naming contest has started, but ranchers in the Rocky Mountains where the releases will occur are anxious.
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen discusses the challenges of working with wildlife and feeling responsible for their well-being. He shares personal experiences where he felt the pressure to make decisions and take action, even when it wasn't his responsibility. Nick also highlights the importance of not getting too involved in the process and the need to make good calls for the benefit of oneself, the community, and the team. Takeaways * Working with wildlife can lead to feeling responsible for their well-being, even when it's not your responsibility. * It's important to not get too involved in the process and avoid burnout. * Wildlife management situations can be high-pressure and unpredictable. * Making good calls in wildlife situations requires considering the bigger picture and working with a team.
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen discusses how to respond to unexpected wildlife situations, specifically focusing on bear encounters. He emphasizes the importance of communication and coordination with the team when responding to safety issues. Madsen also highlights the need to consider public safety and the potential scrutiny of decisions made during these situations. He provides tips for preventing bear-human conflicts, securing cabins and homes, and handling encounters with black bears. The episode concludes with a reminder to contact a biologist for assistance in wildlife situations. Takeaways * Effective communication and coordination are crucial when responding to unexpected wildlife situations. * Public safety should be the top priority when dealing with bear encounters. * Preventing bear-human conflicts involves storing food properly, making noise in bear areas, and staying away from animal carcasses. * Securing cabins and homes can help reduce bear-related issues, such as securing trash and using deterrents like bear mats and motion-activated lights.
#hunters #hunting #hunter #hunt #huntinglife #huntingseason #outdoors #deerhunting #deer #wildlife #outdoorlife #waterfowl
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen shares a personal story about a necropsy experience and reflects on the importance of exposing people to different aspects of wildlife. He then discusses the observation of an injured elk and the decision to euthanize it. Nick also talks about interacting with elementary school students during a wildlife feeding activity and the educational opportunities it provides. He shares the discovery of the elk's emaciated condition and the subsequent discussion with the teacher. Finally, Nick emphasizes the significance of early exposure to wildlife and encourages involvement in wildlife conservation. Takeaways * Exposing people to different aspects of wildlife can help them gain a better understanding of the realities and challenges of wildlife management. * Interacting with wildlife and witnessing their conditions can be an important educational experience for children. * Early exposure to wildlife can foster a sense of empathy and appreciation for nature, even if individuals do not pursue careers in the wildlife field. * Encouraging involvement in wildlife conservation through volunteering and supporting conservation groups can make a positive impact on wildlife populations. Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/paul-yudin/your-adrenaline License code: QWS1TG5BYTFK2P
#hunters #hunting #hunter #hunt #huntinglife #huntingseason #outdoors #deerhunting #deer #wildlife #outdoorlife #waterfowl
In this episode, host Nick Madsen discusses the concept of justifying wrong actions and the importance of transparency in wildlife management. He starts by sharing the story of Francis Tugun Crowley, a criminal who justified his actions even in the face of imminent danger. Nick then relates this to the illegal moving of wildlife by state and federal agencies in the past. He emphasizes the need for oversight and pushback to ensure ethical wildlife management. Nick also highlights the importance of trust between stakeholders and the negative consequences of a lack of communication and transparency. He concludes by advocating for open and transparent processes in wildlife management. Takeaways * People often find ways to justify their wrong actions, even when faced with the consequences. * State and federal wildlife agencies have historically engaged in the illegal moving of wildlife, justifying their actions. * Oversight and pushback are important in ensuring ethical wildlife management. * Trust between stakeholders is crucial for effective wildlife management. * Lack of communication and transparency can lead to conflicts and misunderstandings. * Open and transparent processes are necessary to avoid the need for justifying actions after the fact.
Carnegie, Dale, 1888-1955. (2009). How to win friends and influence people. New York :Simon & Schuster,
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen shares his experience at a quarantine facility where a group of bighorn sheep were infected with a disease called mycoplasma ovipneumoniae. He discusses the purpose of the study and the decision to euthanize the infected animals. Nick becomes attached to one particular ewe, number 28, and closely monitors her progression of the disease. He reflects on the sad reality of wildlife diseases and the challenges they pose for wildlife managers. The episode highlights the impact of diseases like brucellosis and chronic wasting disease on wildlife populations. Takeaways Diseases like mycoplasma ovipneumoniae present significant challenges for wildlife managers. Some bighorn sheep populations have 'super spreaders' that continue to shed the disease and reinfect the population. The disease can cause ewes to abort their fetuses, leading to population decline. Observing the impact of disease on wildlife can create a deeper understanding and empathy for the animals. #hunters #hunting #hunter #hunt #huntinglife #huntingseason #outdoors #deerhunting #deer #wildlife #outdoorlife #waterfowl
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Summary In this episode, host Nick Madsen explores the field of nutritional ecology and its importance in understanding animal behavior and body size differences. He discusses the role of dietary preferences and nutritional requirements in animals, as well as the impact of foraging behavior and vigilance. Madsen also examines seasonal variations in grazing and browsing, and how individual choices can significantly affect body size. He highlights the importance of summer calf survival and individual decisions in determining success. Overall, nutritional ecology provides valuable insights into the relationship between animals and their environment. Takeaways * Nutritional ecology is the science of studying the relationship between animals and their environment through their nutritional interactions. * Dietary preferences and nutritional requirements vary among animals, and individual choices play a significant role in body size differences. * Foraging behavior and vigilance impact the amount of time animals can spend feeding. * Seasonal variations in grazing and browsing affect the types of plants animals consume. * The survival and growth of summer calves are crucial factors in female body fat levels. * Individual decisions and choices greatly influence an animal's success and body size. * Understanding nutritional ecology provides valuable insights into animal behavior and the impact of the environment on their well-being.
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Summary: The conversation discusses the issue of habitat destruction and overgrazing by lesser snow geese in the Hudson Bay area. The population of these geese has grown significantly, leading to the destruction of 35% of their habitat. Researchers have tried various methods to control the population, including liberalizing the harvest and increasing hunting seasons. However, the problem persists due to factors such as increased food availability, climate change, and lack of natural predators. The responsibility for managing this issue lies with the Canadian, US, and Mexican governments. Various solutions have been proposed, but they are limited by regulations under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. Takeaways * The population of lesser snow geese has grown significantly, leading to habitat destruction and overgrazing. * Efforts to control the population through liberalized harvest and increased hunting seasons have had limited success. * Factors such as increased food availability, climate change, and lack of natural predators contribute to the problem. * The responsibility for managing this issue lies with the Canadian, US, and Mexican governments. Final Environmental Impact Statement on Light Goose Management: Questions and Answers (fws.gov)
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In this episode, host Nick Madsen discusses a writing protocol he came across and shares his experience with it. He encourages listeners to try it out and highlights the benefits of writing about challenging life events. The conversation then shifts to the potential risks of sheep on feed rows and the transmission of diseases between domestic sheep and wildlife. Takeaways * Try the Penny Baker writing protocol to experience positive mental and physical shifts. * Writing about challenging life events can bring up uncomfortable feelings but also provide clarity. * The presence of sheep on feed rows can lead to the transmission of diseases between domestic sheep and wildlife. * Diseases carried by domestic sheep can affect species like elk and bighorn sheep.
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Winter feeding sites pose a problem for elk and biologists alike. While these sites can be a crucial resource for elk during harsh winter conditions, helping with their survival when natural forage is hard to find, they come with challenges. Concentrating elk in specific areas increases the risk of disease transmission within the population due to proximity. Additionally, the practice can disrupt natural migration patterns and lead to overgrazing, impacting the health of local ecosystems. Biologists must deal with the delicate balance of providing immediate support for elk's winter survival while considering the long-term consequences on both elk populations and the broader environment. This conundrum highlights the complexity of wildlife management decisions in the face of environmental challenges.
Cotterill Gavin G., Cross Paul C., Cole Eric K., Fuda Rebecca K., Rogerson Jared D., Scurlock Brandon M. and du Toit Johan T. 2018Winter feeding of elk in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem and its effects on disease dynamicsPhil. Trans. R. Soc. B3732017009320170093 http://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0093.
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E-bikes have become a popular way to move around, offering an alternative to traditional bicycles with the assistance of an electric motor. The use of e-bikes on public trails has sparked debates and discussions regarding access, safety, and environmental impact. Advocates argue that e-bikes provide an inclusive outdoor recreation option, allowing a broader range of individuals, including those with physical limitations, to enjoy trails. However, concerns have been raised about the potential for increased speeds, safety issues on shared trails, and the environmental impact of motorized vehicles in non-motorized spaces. Striking a balance between accessibility and preserving the character of non-motorized trails requires careful regulation, community engagement, and a collaborative approach among trail users, land managers, and local authorities.
Department Policy: Managing Recreational Use on State Endowment Lands (idaho.gov)
https://wildlife.utah.gov/news/utah-wildlife-news/1544-new-rule-after-increase-in-illegal-e-bikes-ruining-habitat-on-wmas.html
Sawtooth National Forest - Home (usda.gov)
Loin thickness and rump fat assessments in mule deer are vital for gauging their nutritional status and overall health. Loin thickness, measured through ultrasound, provides a quantitative measure of subcutaneous fat, while Rump Body Condition Scores (rBCS) offer a qualitative assessment on a scale from 1 to 5. These metrics aid wildlife managers in making informed decisions about mule deer populations, helping to ensure their well-being and conservation
Stephenson, T. R., V. C. Bleich, B. M. Pierce, and G. P. Mulcahy. 2002. Validation of mule deer body composition using in vivo and post-mortem indices of nutritional condition.
Bender, L. C., & Hoenes, B. D. (2017). Costs of lactation to body condition and future reproduction of free-ranging mule deer Odocoileus hemionus (Cervidae). Mammalia, 81(4). https://doi.org/10.1515/mammalia-2015-0143
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Helicopter captures are important for mule deer management. They offer efficient aerial surveys, vital for population estimates and distribution insights. The method, swift and less stressful, aids in collaring for behavior studies and health assessments. In rugged terrains, helicopters ensure comprehensive data collection, fostering a nuanced understanding of mule deer ecology. #hunting #hunt #outdoors #hunter #deerhunting #wildlifemanagement
Increasing hunter success rates is a big deal, and here's why. Picture this: when hunters do well, it's like nature's population control. It helps keep the critter numbers in check and maintains that sweet balance in the wild. Plus, it's not just about bagging game; it's a win-win for conservation. The cash from hunting permits and fees go straight into funding wildlife programs – think habitat protection, research, and keeping poachers at bay. And hey, a successful hunt? It's not just about the trophy. It makes the whole experience e better, creating a connection between folks and nature. That bond is golden; it promotes responsible hunting and keeps our ecosystems thriving in the long run. So yeah, nailing that shot? It's not just a win for the hunter; it's a high-five for Mother Nature too!
Rowland, M. M., Nielson, R. M., Wisdom, M. J., Clark, D. A., DiDonato, G. T., Hafer, J. M., Naylor, B. J., and Johnson, B. K.. 2023. Success is dependent on effort: unraveling characteristics of successful deer and elk hunters. Wildlife Society Bulletin 47:e1414. https://doi.org/10.1002/wsb.1414
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I am thankful for the many outdoor experiences I had as a child that have led me to this point in my life and the many experiences I have had since.
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Documenting wildlife observations through writing is a helpful practice. It sharpens focus, reinforces memory, and unveils patterns in nature. Beyond personal benefits, this process creates a deeper connection with the environment, fuels curiosity, and can contribute to broader scientific understanding. In essence, writing enhances the joy and depth of wildlife observation.
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The interaction between military activities and wildlife is complex and can have both positive and negative effects. Military bases, often expansive in size, can contribute to habitat disturbance, noise pollution, and chemical contamination, impacting local flora and fauna. The presence of large training grounds and military infrastructure can create barriers to wildlife movement and pose direct risks to animal safety. On the flip side, some military installations unintentionally serve as refuges, providing undisturbed areas that may benefit certain wildlife species. Efforts to mitigate these impacts, such as establishing conservation areas and implementing wildlife-friendly practices, play a crucial role in balancing military needs with biodiversity conservation.
Dudley, J.P. et al. (2002) ‘Effects of war and civil strife on wildlife and wildlife habitats’, Conservation Biology, 16(2), pp. 319–329. doi:10.1046/j.1523-1739.2002.00306.x.
Harrison, R.T. (1978) ‘Quantifying the acoustic dose when determining the effects of noise on wildlife’, Effects of Noise on Wildlife, pp. 267–285. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-260550-5.50015-8.
Magazine, S. (2018) How the death of 6,000 sheep spurred the American debate on chemical weapons, Smithsonian.com. Available at: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/how-death-6000-sheep-spurred-american-debate-chemical-weapons-cold-war-180968717/ (Accessed: 18 November 2023).
C., L.J.D. (2002) The fear of wolves: A review of Wolfs attacks on humans. Trondheim: Norsk institutt for naturforskning.
Chronic Wasting Disease (CWD) represents a big concern in wildlife management, specifically impacting cervids such as deer, elk, and moose. CWD is a contagious neurodegenerative disease caused by misfolded prion proteins. The consequences of CWD include population decline, alterations in demographics, and potential ecological repercussions.
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In wildlife management, particularly concerning deer and elk populations, a major decision revolves around managing bucks and bulls for either increased hunting opportunities or promoting maturity within the population.
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Calculating survival rates in wildlife populations is important in research and wildlife management. Survival analysis offers a look into the health, dynamics, and adaptability of animal species, especially in the context of the North American big game. By looking at survival rates, researchers and biologists gain a comprehensive understanding of population well-being, mortality factors, and the impact of environmental changes. This information is important for creating effective conservation strategies, identifying and mitigating threats, and making informed decisions in wildlife management. Survival data serve as essential metrics for monitoring the success of conservation programs, shaping policies, and ensuring the long-term sustainability of diverse ecosystems. Overall, calculating survival rates plays a central role in enhancing our knowledge of species ecology and contributing to the broader field of wildlife science.
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Abundance surveys in wildlife management aim to estimate the population size of a species within a specific area. While these surveys are crucial for understanding population dynamics and informing management decisions, they come with various challenges that need careful consideration.
McGill, B.J. and Magurran, A.E. (2011) Biological diversity: Frontiers in measurement and assessment. New York: Oxford University Press.
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The relationship between maternal nutrition and antler growth in ungulates, including elk, mule deer, and whitetail deer, shows the lasting impact of prenatal conditions on male offspring. Maternal diets rich in minerals, proteins, and key nutrients contribute to the proper development of antlers, the iconic structures vital for mating success and survival. This process, known as fetal programming, underscores the importance of maternal well-being in shaping the future of ungulate populations. Recognizing the cascading effects of maternal nutrition on its offspring is crucial for wildlife management and habitat preservation.
Monteith, Kevin L., et al. "Effects of harvest, culture, and climate on trends in size of horn‐like structures in trophy ungulates." Wildlife Monographs 183.1 (2013): 1-28.
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This is an episode that delves into the significance of public involvement in wildlife management and conservation. It highlights the importance of community engagement in decision-making processes concerning wildlife habitats, species conservation, and ecological preservation. The episode explores the benefits and challenges of public participation, emphasizing the diverse perspectives, community support, and shared responsibilities in ensuring the well-being of wildlife and natural ecosystems. It showcases the value of open discussions, informed dialogue, and respectful interactions in public meetings aimed at shaping effective strategies for wildlife conservation.
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The reintroduction of grizzlies into the Northern Cascades is currently in the public comment that faces several complex challenges. One of the primary concerns involves human-wildlife conflicts, as the presence of these apex predators might raise safety worries among local communities and impact activities like ranching, outdoor recreation, and land use. Funding, logistics, and public perception also pose hurdles, requiring extensive planning, coordination among various stakeholders, and community engagement to achieve successful reintroduction while mitigating potential conflicts and ensuring the safety and coexistence of humans and grizzlies in the Northern Cascades.
Is Washington About to Get Grizzly Bears? | MeatEater Conservation (themeateater.com)
Study: North Cascades grizzlies could gain more habitat as the climate warms - OPB
Federal Register :: Notice of Intent To Prepare North Cascades Ecosystem Grizzly Bear Restoration Plan/Environmental Impact Statement, Washington
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The decisions made by biologists play a pivotal role in shaping the future of wildlife and their habitats, carrying both immediate and long-lasting consequences. Their choices regarding habitat conservation, species management, and ecological interventions impact the balance of ecosystems. The results, positive or negative, often echo throughout generations, shaping the delicate balance between human activities and the natural world.
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Measuring the hind foot of big game provides valuable insights into their overall population health. The hind foot length, when studied in correlation with various environmental and nutritional factors, serves as an indicator of their physical condition, reproductive success, and potential health challenges. Changes in these measurements over time can reveal the impact of varying environmental conditions, including food availability, seasonal changes, or disease outbreaks. These indicators are a vital component in the monitoring and management of mule deer populations, assisting wildlife biologists in understanding the health status and well-being of these big game species.
Suttie, J.M., and Mitchell, B. 1983. Jaw length and hind foot length as measures of skeletal development of red deer (Cervus elaphus). J. Zool. (Lond.), 200: 431– 434. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-7998.1983.tb02321.x.
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Mandatory hunter-harvest reporting is a system by wildlife agencies requiring hunters to submit information about their harvested game. This practice varies by region, with some states mandating online reports and others using physical forms. Such reports include data about the number, sex, age, and species of animals harvested, and often gather additional insights into hunters' experiences and locations. The main objective is to assist wildlife agencies in collecting population data for effective management, enabling informed decisions about hunting seasons, quotas, and species conservation. While providing essential data for wildlife management and conservation, this practice also raises concerns regarding additional burdens on hunters, potential reporting inaccuracies, and privacy issues related to sharing hunting information.
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The effective management of public lands is a challenge, involving the balance of different activities like recreation, grazing, and the protection of big game habitats. The different interests often lead to challenges such as competition for space, habitat fragmentation, overgrazing, human-wildlife conflict, and limited resources. Potential solutions involve zoning and designated use areas, wildlife corridors, improved grazing practices, education, regulation, and collaborative planning. Creating a balance requires thoughtful and cooperative efforts among various stakeholders to support wildlife conservation while allowing for multiple land uses on public lands.
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The idea of creating refuges or no-hunt areas involves setting aside specific areas or times to prohibit hunting on a rotating basis. It would provide a protected space for wildlife to breed, recover, and maintain healthy numbers. every 3rd or 4th year it would rotate into a no-hunt area. This strategy aims to support conservation efforts and sustainably manage wildlife populations. While it offers protection to species, it may face opposition from hunters and other groups, potentially limiting land use and incurring financial costs for management and maintenance. These zones can be a valuable tool in maintaining healthy populations and supporting wildlife research and education.
As hunting laws and regulations continue to evolve, the future of hunting I feel is headed for a significant transformation. These shifts could include changes in season lengths, harvest quotas, and species protections aimed at ensuring sustainable wildlife populations. Ethical and conservation-based concerns, such as fair chase principles and wildlife habitat preservation, will likely be central to future regulations. Additionally, advancements in technology may prompt discussions about their ethical use in hunting practices. The synergy between scientific research, ecological understanding, and community engagement will be pivotal in shaping laws that maintain a balance between hunting traditions and environmental conservation. Also, there is a shift in some states moving away from hunting as well.
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The integration of technology in hunting has raised several ethical concerns. While technology can enhance safety, efficiency, and success rates, its overuse or misuse can significantly impact the fairness and integrity of the sport. Concerns are often centered around the disproportionate advantage it might provide to hunters, potentially compromising the traditional hunting experience. For example, the use of high-tech gadgets such as drones, GPS tracking, or infrared devices could skew the balance between the skills of the hunter and the animal's ability to elude capture. This imbalance goes against the principle of fair chase and may raise questions about the ethical conduct of hunters in their pursuit of wildlife. The challenge lies in finding a balance between technological advancements and the preservation of fair and ethical hunting practices.
Memorandum | Utah Wildlife Board and Regional Advisory Council Members | Oct. 20, 2023
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Shortened hunting seasons can significantly impact the annual harvest rate of big game species. As the duration for hunting is reduced, so too are the number of opportunities for hunters to pursue game. This can lead to a decrease in the overall number of animals harvested, reflecting a lower annual harvest rate. Conversely, the shorter window of time can cause a concentrated hunting effort as hunters endeavor to capitalize on the limited available days, potentially altering hunting strategies and affecting the overall efficiency of the harvest. The impact on the annual harvest rate ultimately depends on a combination of these factors and the ecosystem's characteristics, which may differ between regions and specific species.
“DWR Proposes Research Study on 5 Deer-Hunting Units, Changes to Weapon Technology Use and Mandatory Harvest Reporting for General-Season Deer and Elk Hunts.” Wildlife.utah.gov, wildlife.utah.gov/news/utah-wildlife-news/1787-dwr-proposes-research-study-and-weapon-technology-use-changes-and-mandatory-harvest-reporting-for-general-season-deer-and-elk-hunts.html. Accessed 27 Oct. 2023.
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The state of Utah is currently considering new wildlife studies with the primary objectives of bolstering the mule deer population, expanding hunting opportunities, and enhancing overall hunter satisfaction. Among the strategies under contemplation are antler point restriction hunts. In this episode, I will offer my perspective on these matters.
Fact Sheet 06: Understanding mule deer and antler point restrictions – WAFWA. (n.d.). https://wafwa.org/wpdm-package/fact-sheet-6-understanding-mule-deer-and-antler-point-restrictions
Zornes, M. (n.d.). A CRITICAL REVIEW OF MULE DEER ANTLER POINT REGULATIONS, APPLICATION, AND EFFECTIVENESS. Retrieved October 26, 2023, from https://fwp.mt.gov/binaries/content/assets/fwp/commission/2021/aug-20/wildlife/1f---anter-point-restrictions--review-by-wy-gfd.pdf
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Wildlife management can rapidly turn political as various stakeholders with different interests become involved. Balancing the needs of conservation, hunting, local communities, and broader environmental objectives often becomes a subject of debate and contention. Policies related to wildlife protection, hunting regulations, and land use can be influenced by political ideologies, lobbying efforts, and public sentiment. This political dimension can sometimes complicate the science-based decisions that wildlife managers aim to make, emphasizing the importance of cooperation, diplomacy, and transparent communication in managing these issues.
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Mule deer population dynamics are influenced by a lot of factors. Habitat quality, climate, predator-prey interactions, and human activities all play a role in shaping their numbers. Wildlife managers and conservationists closely monitor these dynamics to strike a balance between preserving Mule deer populations and addressing the challenges of habitat loss, disease, and human-wildlife conflict.
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Moose calving season, which typically occurs in late spring, marks a critical time in the life cycle of these magnificent creatures. During this season, female moose give birth to their calves, often in secluded and sheltered areas. Calves are born with reddish-brown fur and swiftly become agile, exploring their surroundings under the vigilant watch of their mothers. This period is a delicate phase for moose populations, and it's crucial to maintain their habitat and minimize disturbances to ensure the survival of these iconic animals. Conservation efforts and public awareness play a vital role in safeguarding moose calving grounds and the next generation of these impressive creatures.
Tremblay, J.-P. et al. (2007) ‘Fidelity to calving areas in moose (alces alces) in the absence of natural predators’, Canadian Journal of Zoology, 85(8), pp. 902–908. doi:10.1139/z07-077.
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Time change, particularly the end of daylight saving time in November, can have a significant impact on deer mortality. As the clocks shift back, the evening commute for many people coincides with dusk, a prime time for deer to be active. This short overlap increases the likelihood of vehicle-deer collisions, creating higher deer mortality rates during the fall months. Drivers are advised to be especially cautious during this period, watching for deer near roads and taking precautions to reduce the risk of collisions, such as slowing down and using high beams when appropriate.
Cunningham, C.X. et al. (2022) ‘Permanent daylight saving time would reduce deer-vehicle collisions’, Current Biology, 32(22). doi:10.1016/j.cub.2022.10.007.
Jolley, F.H. (no date) Highest number of deer/vehicle collisions in Utah occur during November; DWR offers safety tips, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Available at: https://wildlife.utah.gov/news/utah-wildlife-news/1784-highest-number-of-deer-vehicle-collisions-in-utah-occur-in-november-and-safety-tips.html (Accessed: 21 October 2023).
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Cougars in urban environments present a unique wildlife management challenge. As human development encroaches on natural habitats, these predators find themselves navigating a landscape of neighborhoods, roads, and human activity. Cougars' presence in urban areas underscores the importance of responsible wildlife management, public awareness, and conservation efforts that consider both human safety and the needs of these remarkable creatures.
Lauren Steinbrecher, K.-T.| P.-Oct. 19 (no date) Herriman Mountain Lion euthanized after sheep attack, face-to-face neighbor encounter, KSL.com. Available at: https://www.ksl.com/article/50757730/herriman-mountain-lion-euthanized-after-sheep-attack-face-to-face-neighbor-encounter (Accessed: 19 October 2023).
Beier, Paul, "COUGAR ATTACKS ON HUMANS: AN UPDATE AND SOME FURTHER REFLECTIONS" (1992). Proceedings of the Fifteenth Vertebrate Pest Conference 1992. 6. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/vpc15/6
Alldredge, M.W., Buderman, F.E. and Blecha, K.A. (2019) ‘Human–cougar interactions in the wildland–urban interface of Colorado’s Front Range’, Ecology and Evolution, 9(18), pp. 10415–10431. doi:10.1002/ece3.5559.
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Understanding the dietary preferences of big game species is an important aspect of wildlife management and conservation. These species including deer, elk, moose, and bighorn sheep, have a wide range of plants that change with the seasons. During spring and summer, they savor fresh growth and protein-rich forbs. In the colder months, woody browse becomes their primary sustenance. The availability of these foods significantly impacts their growth, antler development (in males), and reproduction, especially for lactating females. These dietary requirements highlight the relationship between these animals and their ecosystems, making it clear that protecting their nutritional needs is central to their well-being and long-term survival.
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Politically backed groups are finding ways around wildlife agency management by using referendums to stop hunting.
Dorsey, C. (2023) Ballot Box Biology’s hostile takeover of state wildlife agencies, Forbes. Available at: https://www.forbes.com/sites/chrisdorsey/2023/10/05/ballot-box-biologys-hostile-takeover-of-state-wildlife-agencies/?sh=11679c005c4c (Accessed: 16 October 2023).
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Coyotes, who can be called 'urban adapters,' have shown a remarkable ability to adapt to urban environments. Their presence in cities can be a cause for concern, as they target household pets and can be found on playgrounds. Wildlife management agencies employ non-lethal methods such as education, hazing, and community engagement to mitigate conflicts and promote coexistence with these urban-dwelling coyotes. By understanding their behavior and adopting proactive measures, residents can peacefully share their neighborhoods with these native species while ensuring public safety.
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Wolf reintroductions, while essential for restoring ecological health and biodiversity, come with their share of complexities. On the positive side, they contribute to the resurgence of apex predators, helping maintain ecosystem balance. They also offer opportunities for scientific research and public education. However, challenges such as potential conflicts with livestock and local communities, as well as differing opinions on their reintroduction, should be acknowledged and addressed with thoughtful management and collaboration. Achieving a balance that benefits both nature and people is the ultimate goal of these efforts.
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The intersection of indigenous rights and big game management laws is a multifaceted topic with legal, cultural, and conservation dimensions. It requires thoughtful consideration of indigenous sovereignty, cultural significance, and the shared goal of preserving big game species for future generations.
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Elk migrations are awe-inspiring natural phenomena that demonstrate the adaptability and resilience of these magnificent animals. They are a testament to the intricate web of life in the ecosystems they traverse and the importance of conservation efforts to ensure their survival.
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Understanding Mule Deer Behavior: Insights for Hunters and Conservationists" is a multifaceted topic that combines elements of natural history, ecology, and wildlife management. It serves as a bridge between those who enjoy hunting these magnificent animals and those dedicated to their conservation and the preservation of their habitats.
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It's important to note that the legal requirements and procedures can vary depending on the specific circumstances, the jurisdiction, and the species of bear involved (e.g., black bear, grizzly bear). Wildlife professionals are typically trained to handle these situations and work in coordination with law enforcement agencies to ensure public safety and the well-being of both humans and bears.
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Managing big game in remote wilderness areas is both a challenge and a privilege. It requires us to embrace ethical hunting practices, preserve critical habitats, and adapt to a changing climate. Our takeaway today is this: as stewards of these pristine landscapes, it's our duty to ensure they remain intact for future generations to explore and enjoy.
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Managing big game in fragmented habitats presents a huge challenge. As natural landscapes give way to development and roads, iconic species like the Florida panther, pronghorn antelope, and bighorn sheep face habitat loss, genetic isolation, and increased human-wildlife conflicts. These challenges demand innovative solutions to ensure the coexistence of wildlife and communities.
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In this podcast episode, we explore Big Game Population Monitoring Techniques. In the wild, where elephants, elk, moose, and science meet stewardship. I talk about how experts employ aerial surveys, DNA analysis, advanced modeling, and more to ensure the well-being of Earth's majestic creatures.
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Hunting Laws and Sustainable Harvesting of Big Game.' Discover why hunting laws and limits are crucial for preventing overpopulation and habitat degradation. Dive into the data-driven world of scientific wildlife management, where decisions on population control are informed by rigorous research. Learn how bag limits and hunting seasons are carefully calculated to protect wildlife during critical times. Explore the vital link between habitat protection and sustainable hunting practices. Join us in understanding how responsible hunting regulations help safeguard our ecosystems and the future of big game species. Subscribe now for more captivating wildlife insights!"
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Thousands sign petition against helicopter-mounted sharpshooter plan to cull mule deer on Catalina Island, California, causing habitat destruction and soil erosion.
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Elk classification, Moose in rut, Dead doe with GPS collar, 100-mile race on trails
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Join us as we explore riparian areas, discover the diverse functions they serve, and learn why they are absolutely essential for the survival and well-being of these iconic creatures. We'll also shed light on the challenges these habitats face in our modern world and share inspiring success stories of conservation efforts.
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Today we look at assessing population viability and uncovering the strategies and methods that wildlife biologists use to ensure the survival of bog game populations tracking techniques to conservation efforts and community outreach are all a part of management.
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In this episode, we look at big game habitat selection. Their decisions are made from the impact of changing seasons to the challenges posed by human activities and climate change.
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In this episode of 'Manage the Wild,' we explore the intriguing world of big game hunting and wildlife tourism, where wildlife takes center stage. Discover the economic forces in the wilderness as I talk about the multi-billion-dollar industry that thrives on these incredible creatures. From eco-tourism to hunting excursions, the wild has more to offer than meets the eye. Join us for a financial journey through the wilderness! Don't forget to subscribe for more insights into wildlife management and conservation.
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In today's video, I dive into the fascinating world of genetics and heredity. I talk about how heredity creates unique combinations of traits, even in big game species like deer and elk. Plus, we'll learn why genetic diversity is so important for the health and adaptability of animal populations.
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Explore the impact of climate change on big game management in this informative video. We delve into how climate change affects the behaviors and habitats of iconic species and the challenges faced by wildlife managers. Discover innovative strategies and the power of collaboration in preserving our natural heritage. Learn how climate data and research inform conservation efforts and why ongoing education is vital for our mission. Join us on this journey of resilience and adaptation in big game management. Don't forget to like, subscribe, and share! 🌍🦌
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A lady told me cutting down junipers because of encroachment is ugly. It's only in the eye of the beholder.
Noson, Anna C., et al. “INFLUENCE of FIRE and JUNIPER ENCROACHMENT on BIRDS in HIGH-ELEVATION SAGEBRUSH STEPPE.” Western North American Naturalist, vol. 66, no. 3, July 2006, pp. 343–353, https://doi.org/10.3398/1527-0904(2006)66[343:iofaje]2.0.co;2. Accessed 6 Apr. 2020.
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In this podcast episode, I dive into the intricate relationship between these two elements and the crucial implications for sage grouse conservation. Join us as we engage with experts who unravel the science and strategies behind juniper removal programs. Gain insights into the delicate balance of ecosystems and the proactive measures taken to protect the sage grouse population in the American West."
Coates, Peter S., et al. “Pinyon and Juniper Encroachment into Sagebrush Ecosystems Impacts Distribution and Survival of Greater Sage-Grouse.” Rangeland Ecology & Management, vol. 70, no. 1, Jan. 2017, pp. 25–38, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rama.2016.09.001.
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On today's podcast, we dive into the world of mule deer with Dr. Randy Larsen. Our podcast offers a unique opportunity to converse with Dr. Larsen, We explore a wide array of critical subjects, from their ecological intricacies to cutting-edge conservation methodologies. Join us for an enlightening discussion.
Disturbance during the rut can have several negative effects on elk behavior and mating dynamics. This can lead to a drop in survival and a drop in reproduction.
Ciuti, S., Northrup, J. M., Muhly, T. B., Simi, S., Musiani, M., Pitt, J. A., & Boyce, M. S. (2012). Effects of humans on behaviour of wildlife exceed those of natural predators in a landscape of fear. PLOS ONE, 7(11), e50611. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0050611
Becker, B. H., Moi, C. M., Maguire, T., Atkinson, R. J. A., & Gates, N. B. (2012). Effects of hikers and boats on tule elk behavior in a national park wilderness area. Human–Wildlife Interactions, 6(1), 16. https://doi.org/10.26077/pve7-yb42
Davidson, G. A., Johnson, B. K., Noyes, J. H., Dick, B. L., & Wisdom, M. J. (2012). Effect of archer density on elk pregnancy rates and conception dates. Journal of Wildlife Management, 76(8), 1676–1685. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.411
McBride, R. (no date) Spatial-temporal responses of cow elk to targeted and non-targeted hunting risk, DigitalCommons@USU. Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/8551/ (Accessed: 12 September 2023).
Research shows hunters alter the movement of elk I also ponder whether it can affect the rut.
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McBride, R. (no date) Spatial-temporal responses of cow elk to targeted and non-targeted hunting risk, DigitalCommons@USU. Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/8551/ (Accessed: 12 September 2023).
At what point do the costs become too high and are no longer accessible to the average person?
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I'm not sure of many things, but I know that invasive species are difficult to stop.
(No date a) WAFWA – Western Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. Available at: https://wafwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/MDWG_Fact-Sheet_40_Use-of-trail-cameras-web.pdf (Accessed: 09 September 2023).
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A man lays waste to a healthy stand of shrubland habitat to grow alfalfa to help mule deer. Will it work?
(No date a) Uthors - WAFWA. Available at: https://wafwa.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/HabitatGuidelines_MuleDeer_IMW.pdf (Accessed: 08 September 2023).
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Wildlife boards or commissions are often times appointed by the Governor of the state. The appointments can be political and drive wildlife in its current direction. They have the final say of laws and limits, not the wildlife biologist.
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(No date) MSN. Available at: https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/us/city-of-pittsburgh-is-seeking-archers-to-help-deal-with-deer-population-crisis-in-parks/ar-AA1ghvI3 (Accessed: 05 September 2023).
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Predator control is never an easy thing to agree on but in this podcast. I talk about the why of predator control.
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Rangelands have evolved with grazing happening each year. We have just changed the animals that are allowed to graze. For rangelands to be healthy though we need to reduce the areas that become overgrazed easily. Oftentimes those areas are riparian areas as the cattle find comfort in being near water and food resources so close together. This book below talks about the the proper method you should employ to help create a healthy habitat.
Cote, Steve, et al. Stockmanship. 2004.
What can wildlife managers do about overcrowding? With more people recreating, roads offering more accessibility to the mountains, and machines allowing people to get there quicker what can be done about the overcrowding in the mountains? It's no longer just the hunters but the hikers backpackers side-by-siders atv's jeep', trucks more and more people are heading to to last areas of remoteness.
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Weiskopf, Sarah R., et al. “Climate Change Effects on Deer and Moose in the Midwest.” The Journal of Wildlife Management, vol. 83, no. 4, 3 Mar. 2019, pp. 769–781, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21649.
Wyckhuys, Kris A. G., et al. “Island and Mountain Ecosystems as Testbeds for Biological Control in the Anthropocene.” Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, vol. 10, 24 June 2022, repositorio.uac.pt/bitstream/10400.3/6522/1/Pozsgai_2022_FrontiersinEcologyandEvolution.pdf, https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.912628. Accessed 7 Jan. 2023.
So, what do you think? Yes, no, maybe so? Listen to today's podcast to find out what the research says.
Loft, Eric R., et al. “Habitat Shifts by Mule Deer: The Influence of Cattle Grazing.” The Journal of Wildlife Management, vol. 55, no. 1, Jan. 1991, p. 16, https://doi.org/10.2307/3809236. Accessed 25 Mar. 2020.
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If you want to find animals get off the road. Utah has 3 types of hunters, 2 are road hunters at different speeds and the third is the person who gets off the road and fills a tag.
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Forest Grouse are one of my favorite things to chase. I came across a research paper that gives you a pretty good indicator where to start looking.
Carpenter, Chuck III; Farnsworth, Skyler; and Dahlgren, David K., "Forest Grouse in the Fall" (2020). All Current Publications. Paper 2080.
https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/extension_curall/2080
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Artificial light on the edges of urban areas can alter behavior of both predators and prey.
Ditmer, M. A., Stoner, D. C., Francis, C. D., Barber, J. R., Forester, J. D., Choate, D. M., Ironside, K. E., Longshore, K. M., Hersey, K. R., Larsen, R. T., McMillan, B. R., Olson, D. D., Andreasen, A. M., Beckmann, J. P., Holton, P. B., Messmer, T. A., & Carter, N. H. (2020). Artificial nightlight alters the predator–prey dynamics of an apex carnivore. Ecography. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecog.05251
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Technology is great when it works but when it doesn't it can be costly and a waste of time. Biologists collard a yearling boar black bear with a dual mode collar with GPS and VHF capabilities. The collar malfunctioned and stopped giving GPS points so we tried to pick it up today on VHF. We could not because of the rough terrain and our ability to get high enough to pick up a signal.
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Biologists do not need helicopters four wheelers or horses to manipulate harvest rates. They can do this in multiple ways without ever leaving their desk. Whether they limit the number of hunters, change season dates, reduce hunt length, or create extra hunts biologists have a multitude of ways to provide opportunities as well as increase or decrease harvest rates.
Heffelfinger, J. R., & Krausman, P. R. (2023). Ecology and management of Black-Tailed and Mule Deer of North America.
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What are your thoughts on social media and how hunting is portrayed in the media? I feel uncomfortable with the monetization of wildlife and the commercialization of it as well. But I find social media a necessary evil for the continuation and promotion of wildlife and wildlands. Without the monetization of wildlife, how much habitat would be sold by now? Park City, Utah has seen a major growth in residential buildings as landowners are seeing how much land is and how rich they will be when they sell out. It was the perfect habitat for both summer and winter for mule deer and now it's full of roads, houses, townhouses, and shopping centers. If monetization happened earlier would it have prevented a lot of the growth?
Hunt Quietly
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Today's podcast is about 2 ranches in Utah that manage their ranches differently. One focuses on a more holistic approach focusing on working with wildlife vs against it while on the other ranch, they are only focused on cattle.
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Biologists will use many strategies to help sportsmen harvest animals while protecting a population from over-harvest disease and reducing conflict with people.
Heffelfinger, J. R., & Krausman, P. R. (2023). Ecology and management of Black-Tailed and Mule Deer of North America.
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A field necropsy on an elk is a thorough examination of a deceased elk's body conducted in its natural habitat or field setting. This procedure is performed by wildlife biologists, veterinarians, or trained professionals to determine the cause of death and gather valuable information about the health and condition of the animal, as well as potential contributing factors to its demise. Field necropsies may involve the collection of tissue samples, organs, and other relevant specimens for laboratory analysis, which can help in understanding disease prevalence, environmental factors, and overall herd health.
Necropsy of wild animals - oswaldo cruz foundation. (n.d.). http://www.fiocruz.br/biosseguranca/Bis/manuais/animais/Necropsy%20of%20Wild%20Animals.pdf
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We collected a collar from a yearling bull elk that a cougar killed.
Eacker, D.R. et al. (2016a) ‘Annual Elk calf survival in a multiple carnivore system’, The Journal of Wildlife Management, 80(8), pp. 1345–1359. doi:10.1002/jwmg.21133.
Blake, L.W. and Gese, E.M. (2016) ‘Cougar predation rates and prey composition in the Pryor Mountains of Wyoming and Montana’, Northwest Science, 90(4), pp. 394–410. doi:10.3955/046.090.0402.
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Cougars took the lead in this study that was performed in Montana as the most impactful species on elk calves.
Eacker, D.R. et al. (2016) ‘Annual Elk calf survival in a multiple carnivore system’, The Journal of Wildlife Management, 80(8), pp. 1345–1359. doi:10.1002/jwmg.21133.
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Researchers looked at nonmigratory cougars and the multiple species that migrate through their areas to see if they were targeting one species or multiple. Turns out that they target them all as they move through and find their target more as a target of opportunity vs following one species and trying to wipe them out.
Elbroch, L.M. et al. (2013) ‘Seasonal foraging ecology of non-migratory cougars in a system with migrating prey’, PLoS ONE, 8(12). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0083375.
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Staudenmaier, A.R. et al. (2021) ‘Mule deer do more with less: Comparing their nutritional requirements and tolerances with white-tailed deer’, Journal of Mammalogy, 103(1), pp. 178–195. doi:10.1093/jmammal/gyab116.
Heffelfinger, J. et al. (2023) Ecology and management of black-tailed and mule deer of North America. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
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Hinton, M.S. et al. (no date) Estimating age of mule deer in the field: Can we move beyond broad age categories?, PLOS ONE. Available at: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0284565 (Accessed: 04 August 2023).
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I took my family on a weeks-long float trip on the lower salmon and found a healthy Bighorn sheep population.
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From the end of July through September I would spend my night s in field hazing out deer and elk.
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If special interest groups started paying farms and ranchers for wildlife damage instead of spending it in the courts they would become more tolerant of wildlife and the damage they cause.
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Whether we like predators or not they will always be involved with wildlife management. It will be impossible to remove them and they do not play as large of a role in population declines as we think. Humans play a larger role on declines from fencing to roadways, hunting, cars, habitat destruction, and fragmentation it would be easier to put ourselves in check versus trying to control predators.
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While cutting hay for an elk winter feeding program I displaced multiple species. I found this to be a great paradox.
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Wildlife managers face many challenges when it comes to managing big game species. Habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict, predation, disease, population management, public engagement, and education are different factors that biologists must take into account when managing any big game species.
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For predator removals to be affective you need to perform the removals in a targeted area and they have to be done for multiple years to affect multiple generations. The targeted areas also need to be located in the fawning habitat areas where the newborns are at the least agile and less likely to get away Last but not least they need to be high on the additive scale for mortality. When you conduct studies to show all the different mortality events predation needs to be higher on the scale for the removals to be effective. Often predator removals are the low-hanging fruit that managers like to employ so it looks like they are doing something.
McMillan, B.R. et al. (2023) ‘Both temporal and spatial aspects of predator management influence survival of a temperate ungulate through early life’, Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 11. doi:10.3389/fevo.2023.1087063.
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The Ideal Free Distribution theory is a way that animals will move across a landscape or environment or habitat to maximize their ability for food water shelter and reproduction while at the same time decreasing overall competition. Mule deer will choose lesser quality habitat if it reduces competition for the same resource as long as there is an overall benefit.
Rubenstein, D.R. and Alcock, J. (2019) Animal behavior. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
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Mule deer in the summertime Have preferences about where they bed. They often select areas out of direct sunlight that have wind movement or updrafts as well as their own microclimate.
Heffelfinger, J. and Krausman, P.R. (2023) Ecology and management of black-tailed and mule deer of North America. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
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Yesterday, While cutting an upper meadow pasture to harvest the grass for winter feeding of elk I was able to watch the edge effect play out. A mule deer fawn in the meadow I was cutting at first felt no pressure as I entered the field but with each pass and more fragmentation, I witnessed the negative effects of both an increase of edge and an increase in habitat fragmentation.
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What methods could be employed after a massive mule deer population die-off? Assess the Situation, Habitat Restoration, Disease Monitoring and Control, Wildlife Population Monitoring, Conservation Breeding and Translocation, Public Awareness, and Education, Collaboration, and Partnerships.
All the things listed above are generally biologists' options when trying to help any population.
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I largely thought I knew what a home range was and after reading about it some more my visual representation of a home range has gotten smaller and more defined. Just because an elk or deer passes through an area does not qualify it as "Home Range". Home range can for me be defined as an area or map in the mind that is constantly being updated by the places we visit the most and not by the places we pass by. It is important to try and understand the decision before trying to understand what a home range is. Decisions will effect what we call a home range.
Powell, R.A. and Mitchell, M.S. (2012) ‘What is a home range?’, Journal of Mammalogy, 93(4), pp. 948–958. doi:10.1644/11-mamm-s-177.1.
Rubenstein, D.R. and Alcock, J. (2019) Animal behavior. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
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If I had a million dollars for wildlife I know of a piece of ground I would put a pivot. After all the nights dealing with depredation, a pivot would be one of the greatest things you could put in to directly benefit wildlife. These are my late-night thoughts.
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When fish and other wildlife are found on private property who should be responsible for those animals? If the public is denied access should they be the one to pay the bill? More and more laws are being enacted to reduce access to these animals but the public is being asked to pay more for that reduced access.
Regulations for recreational access along the upper Weber River (no date) Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Available at: https://wildlife.utah.gov/index.php/special-weber-river-rules.html (Accessed: 29 June 2023).
Jacob_Scholl (2023) Utah Supreme Court upholds law making it more difficult to access waterways, much to the dismay of outdoor enthusiasts, The Salt Lake Tribune. Available at: https://www.sltrib.com/news/environment/2023/05/24/utah-supreme-court-upholds-law/ (Accessed: 29 June 2023).
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In this episode, I talk about managing cattle grazing practices with a focus on the critical factors of frequency, intensity, and opportunity. Join us as we explore the benefits, challenges, and strategies involved in optimizing grazing techniques for sustainable land management and livestock production. These factors play a role in balancing a healthy ecosystem and the demand for agricultural productivity.
Roath, L.R. and Krueger, W.C. (1982) ‘Cattle grazing influence on a mountain riparian zone’, Journal of Range Management, 35(1), p. 100. doi:10.2307/3898531.
Reed, F., Roath, R. and Bradford, D. (1999) The grazing response index: A simple and effective method to evaluate grazing impacts, repository.arizona.edu. Available at: https://repository.arizona.edu/handle/10150/639179 (Accessed: 28 June 2023).
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Beavers are skilled herbivores, primarily feeding on tree bark, leaves, and aquatic vegetation. Their sharp incisors allow them to gnaw through trees, while their flat, scaly tails serve multiple purposes, from communication to balance. Beavers have multiple adaptations and are of ecological importance in shaping their habitats and promoting biodiversity.
Hilfiker, E.L. (1991) Beavers: Water, wildlife and history. Interlaken, NY: Windswept Press.
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Fencing can be a major threat to wildlife.
(No date) Creating the wildlife-friendly fence - Montana FWP. Available at: https://fwp.mt.gov/binaries/content/assets/fwp/montana-outdoors/2009/wildlifefencing.pdf (Accessed: 24 June 2023).
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The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) plays a crucial role in ensuring the safety of air travel, and one significant concern it addresses is bird strikes. Bird strikes occur when birds collide with aircraft, posing risks to both the safety of passengers and the integrity of aircraft systems. The FAA actively monitors and manages bird strike incidents, employing various strategies such as habitat modification, airfield management, and bird deterrent techniques to reduce the likelihood of these collisions. By understanding the dynamics of bird strikes, the FAA implements measures to enhance aviation safety and minimize potential hazards caused by wildlife interactions.
Frequently asked questions and answers (no date) Frequently Asked Questions and Answers | Federal Aviation Administration. Available at: https://www.faa.gov/airports/airport_safety/wildlife/faq (Accessed: 22 June 2023).
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The Lancetfish, scientifically known as Alepisaurus ferox, is a fascinating deep-sea creature that inhabits the world's oceans. With a long, slender body and a menacing appearance, it belongs to the family of alepisauridae. The Lancetfish is characterized by its sharp teeth, large eyes, and a prominent sail-like dorsal fin. It possesses a unique ability to extend its lower jaw, enabling it to engulf prey larger than its own size. Its elusive nature and remarkable adaptations make it a captivating inhabitant of the mysterious deep-sea realm. It houses a blindsac attached to the stomach allowing it to hold prey that leaves them in perfect condition until transferred to the stomach. Researchers are using this trait to look at the food webs and see how they are connected.
Zack Clever; Rachel Lee; Andrew Shepherd (no date) Alepisaurus ferox (handsaw fish), Animal Diversity Web. Available at: https://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Alepisaurus_ferox/ (Accessed: 21 June 2023).
Fisheries, N. (2021) How an odd, cannibalistic fish is helping us understand the mysteries of the deep, NOAA. Available at: https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/how-odd-cannibalistic-fish-helping-us-understand-mysteries-deep (Accessed: 21 June 2023).
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Higher quality forage can be found in agricultural areas versus those areas that are found along migration routes.
Barker, K.J. et al. (2018) ‘Land management alters traditional nutritional benefits of migration for Elk’, The Journal of Wildlife Management, 83(1), pp. 167–174. doi:10.1002/jwmg.21564.
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Parental favoritism, infanticide, and siblicide are all the different ways wildlife figure out how to deal with family arguments. Right now I look pretty good as a parent.
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When more than 50% of the economic contributions come from out-of-state sources, how much say should they have in making wildlife decisions?
When thinking about habitat loss and threats that wildlife face for me it's the quiet ones that are the biggest factor. The new HOAs in mountain areas or the building up around ski resorts start to pose the greatest threat to wildlife because those are not the ones we are focused on. A new fence hear a new cabin there, and add in a roadway to boot and the next thing you know the landscape and the habitat are carved up.
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The timing of elk parturition, or birthing, can be influenced by various factors, including the presence of mature bulls within the population. When the mature class of bulls is lost, it can have implications for the timing of elk parturition dates. Research suggests that the absence of mature bulls may lead to delays in parturition, as the remaining cows may experience extended or irregular breeding periods. Understanding the relationship between mature bull presence and elk parturition is crucial for managing elk populations and maintaining their reproductive success.
COOK, J.G. et al. (2004) ‘Effects of summer‐autumn nutrition and parturition date on reproduction and survival of Elk’, Wildlife Monographs, 155(1), pp. 1–61. doi:10.2193/0084-0173(2004)155[1:eosnap]2.0.co;2.
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The stable habitat systems that we see around us are formed by high competition within a species and less of species against sp[ecies. So we see more elevated amounts of intraspecific completion and less interspecific completion. When invasives are brought in the disrupt those stable systems.
Chesson, P. (2000) ‘Mechanisms of maintenance of species diversity’, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, 31(1), pp. 343–366. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.31.1.343.
Adler, P.B. et al. (2018) ‘Weak interspecific interactions in a sagebrush steppe? conflicting evidence from observations and experiments’, Ecology, 99(7), pp. 1621–1632. doi:10.1002/ecy.2363.
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Frothy bloat is a gastrointestinal condition that affects ruminant animals, such as elk,cattle, sheep, and goats. It occurs when gases produced during digestion become trapped in the rumen, forming a stable foam that inhibits the release of gas. This leads to abdominal distension, discomfort, and potentially life-threatening consequences if not addressed promptly.
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Sit back and enjoy as we continue the conversation with range and wildlife biologist Landon Schofield who also happens to be working on his Ph.D. on carbon sequestration.
Carbon sequestration is a crucial process that plays a vital role in mitigating climate change. It involves capturing carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere and storing it in natural reservoirs, such as forests, oceans, underground geological formations, and even range lands across the world. This process helps to reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, which is a significant greenhouse gas contributing to global warming. Carbon sequestration techniques, such as reforestation, afforestation, and carbon capture and storage, hold significant promise in combating climate change and promoting a sustainable future.
Carbon sequestration has positive implications for mitigating climate change and offers significant benefits for wildlife and biodiversity. By restoring and preserving natural habitats, such as forests, wetlands, and grasslands, carbon sequestration initiatives provide crucial ecosystems for a wide range of wildlife species. These habitats support biodiversity, provide food and shelter, and enhance ecological balance. Furthermore, the conservation and restoration efforts associated with carbon sequestration contribute to protecting endangered species and the overall health of ecosystems, promoting a harmonious coexistence between humans and wildlife.
Coprophagous fish are a fascinating group of a fishes that have developed a unique feeding behavior: they eat feces. These peculiar fish have evolved to feed on the waste materials of other animals, including their own kind. While it may sound unappetizing to us, coprophagy serves an important ecological role by recycling nutrients and maintaining a healthy balance in aquatic ecosystems. Join us as we dive into the intriguing world of coprophagous fish and unravel the secrets of their dietary habits.
Robertson, D. (1982) ‘Fish feces as fish food on a Pacific Coral Reef’, Marine Ecology Progress Series, 7, pp. 253–265. doi:10.3354/meps007253.
Facey, D.E. et al. (2023) The diversity of fishes biology, evolution and ecology. Chicester: Wiley.
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A beluga whale has been sighted off the coast of Finland, Sweden, and Norway since 2019 wearing a harness that says equipment form St. Petersburg. People largely believe this is used in surveillance. I started doing a little research and found that multiple militaries are using marine mammals to help guard the underwater bases and find and detect missing things in deep water scenarios. The United States has been doing this since 1959 using bottle-nose dolphins and California sea lions.
(No date) Marine Mammal Program – NIWC Pacific - United States Navy. Available at: https://www.niwcpacific.navy.mil/marine-mammal-program/ (Accessed: 31 May 2023).
Baker, H. (2023) Suspected Russian spy whale is looking for love in all the wrong places, LiveScience. Available at: https://www.livescience.com/animals/whales/suspected-russian-spy-whale-looking-for-love-in-all-the-wrong-places (Accessed: 31 May 2023).
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In a study conducted 90% of all female mule deer were pregnant and it didn't matter whether the habitat was excellent or poor. That is a different strategy employed vs that of elk or moose. That does not mean they will have a successful birth but it does give the overall population a chance to rebound after a bad year.
MONTEITH, K.L. et al. (2007) ‘Evaluation of techniques for categorizing group membership of white-Tailed Deer’, Journal of Wildlife Management, 71(5), pp. 1712–1716. doi:10.2193/2005-763.
Heffelfinger, J. and Krausman, P.R. (2023) Ecology and management of black-tailed and mule deer of North America. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
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Welcome to this enlightening podcast episode, where we have the privilege of engaging in a captivating conversation with Landon Schofield, a Range and Wildlife biologist. Landon's vast expertise spans from his formative years pursuing his undergraduate studies in Idaho to his noteworthy endeavors involving Louisiana's turkeys. Presently, he holds a position at the esteemed East Foundation in Texas, dedicated to the preservation of endangered ocelots, the management of nilgai and whitetail deer populations, the implementation of strategic grazing routines, and the utilization of prescribed fire—all on privately owned lands.
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Parturition, the process of giving birth, plays a vital role in the life cycle of mule deer and elk. These large mammals have evolved unique adaptations to ensure successful reproduction and the survival of their offspring. From the selection of birthing sites to the timing of births, various factors influence the parturition process in mule deer and elk. Understanding the intricacies of parturition in these species is crucial for wildlife management, conservation, and the preservation of their populations.
Heffelfinger, J. and Krausman, P.R. (2023) Ecology and management of black-tailed and mule deer of North America. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Robinette, W.L. et al. (1973) ‘Effects of nutritional change on captive mule deer’, The Journal of Wildlife Management, 37(3), p. 312. doi:10.2307/3800121.
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A well-off gentleman is attacked and bitten in the upper thigh by a beaver.
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If possible lift your rudder because White Gladis hates you. A pod of killer whales are attacking vessels in the Strait of Gibraltar. Attacking from the stern and striking the rudder.
Orcas sank three boats off the coast of Portugal, but don’t call them ‘killer’ just yet (2023) NBCNews.com. Available at: https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/orcas-sank-three-boats-coast-portugal-dont-call-killer-just-yet-rcna85678 (Accessed: 23 May 2023).
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The Colorado River faces numerous challenges that threaten its health and sustainability. Drought, overuse, population growth, and climate change have significantly reduced the river's flow, impacting the water supply, and ecosystems. Overcoming these challenges requires a multi-faceted approach. It involves implementing sustainable water management practices, promoting water conservation and efficiency, restoring ecosystems and habitats, engaging in collaborative agreements among stakeholders, and raising awareness about the importance of preserving this vital water source. By addressing these challenges collectively, we can secure a more resilient future for the Colorado River and the communities that depend on it.
Flavelle, C. (2023) A breakthrough deal to keep the Colorado River from going dry, for now, The New York Times. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2023/05/22/climate/colorado-river-deal.html (Accessed: 22 May 2023).
Klamath Basin National Wildlife Refuges (no date) Oregon Wild. Available at: https://oregonwild.org/waters/klamath/refuges (Accessed: 22 May 2023).
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Listening from a clip off of youtube put out by the Utah Division of Wildlife talking about mule deer loss.
Stoner, D.C. et al. (2016) ‘Ungulate reproductive parameters track satellite observations of plant phenology across latitude and climatological regimes’, PLOS ONE, 11(2). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0148780.
Wildlife Board meeting 4/11/2023 (Work Session) (2023) YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OodQu4Ndg8I (Accessed: 19 May 2023).
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Ex situ conservation refers to the conservation and preservation of species outside their natural habitats. It involves the removal of individuals or populations from their native ecosystems and their placement in managed environments such as zoos, botanical gardens, seed banks, or captive breeding programs. The primary goal of ex situ conservation is to safeguard species that are at risk of extinction or facing significant threats in the wild. It allows for the protection, breeding, research, and potential reintroduction of endangered species back into their natural habitats, promoting their long-term survival and genetic diversity.
Kareiva, P.M. and Marvier, M. (2017) Conservation science: Balancing the needs of people and nature. New York: W.H. Freeman, Macmillan Learning.
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Wednesday story of the week.
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I received a new book titled "Wolves on the Hunt: The Behavior of wolves hunting wild prey by L. David Mech, Douglas W. Smith, and Daniel R. MacNulty. It has been such a good book talking about the different strategies wolves employ and the prey they are pursuing.
Wolves on the Hunt: The Behavior of Wolves Hunting Wild Prey: Mech, L. David, Smith, Douglas W., MacNulty, Daniel R.: 9780226255149: Amazon.com: Books
Mech, L.D., Smith, D.W. and MacNulty, D.R. (2015) Wolves on the Hunt: The behavior of wolves hunting wild prey. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press.
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Exotic animals can pose significant challenges to native ungulates, impacting their populations and ecological dynamics. The introduction of non-native species can disrupt established ecological relationships, leading to competition for resources such as food, water, and habitat. Exotic animals may outcompete native ungulates for these resources, potentially causing declines in native species' populations. Additionally, exotic species can introduce new diseases or parasites to native populations, further compromising their health and survival. Understanding and managing these challenges is crucial for the conservation and preservation of native ungulate species and their ecosystems.
Heffelfinger, J. and Krausman, P.R. (2023a) Ecology and management of black-tailed and mule deer of North America. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
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I had a great conversation with Wildlife Biologist Brent Lonner from Montana Fish, Wildlife, and Parks about Big Horn sheep and how the population is doing with all their challenges.
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There are good options there are better options that lead to the best options.
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Antlers are a prominent feature of male mule deer and are used for fighting and display during the mating season. Antlers are grown and shed annually, making them unique among mammalian appendages. Antler growth is a complex process regulated by hormonal and environmental factors. As antlers grow, they are covered in a velvet-like skin that is rich in blood vessels and nerves. Once fully grown, the velvet is shed and the hardened antlers are used for mating rituals and male-male competition. Antler growth is an important aspect of mule deer biology and provides insight into their ecology and behavior.
Heffelfinger, J. and Krausman, P.R. (2023a) Ecology and management of black-tailed and mule deer of North America. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
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Mule deer are an iconic and important species in North America. Their evolutionary history has been shaped by complex interactions between climate change, dispersal, and hybridization. Two theories, the glacial refugia theory, and the hybrid origin theory, have been proposed to explain the origins and evolution of mule deer. The glacial refugia theory suggests that mule deer evolved in isolated pockets during the last ice age, while the hybrid origin theory proposes that they arose from interbreeding between black-tailed deer and white-tailed deer. Understanding these theories is crucial for managing and conserving mule deer populations today.
Heffelfinger, J. and Krausman, P.R. (2023a) Ecology and management of black-tailed and mule deer of North America. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
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Dispersal theory suggests that mule deer likely evolved from black-tailed deer populations that expanded eastward following the receding glaciers. As mule deer broke away and moved into better habitats their phenotypic traits were allowed to be expressed from an increase in nutrition and a lack of predators. They increased in body size, altered the colors, structures on their face including ears, and grew larger antlers.
Heffelfinger, J. and Krausman, P.R. (2023) Ecology and management of black-tailed and mule deer of North America. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
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Randall McBride is a wildlife biologist with a passion for managing depredation and nuisance wildlife issues. Randall has recently completed a research project on elk behavior in the wild, specifically examining how they react to pressure from hunting. With years of experience in the field, he has developed effective strategies to help minimize human-wildlife conflicts while promoting conservation efforts.
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The researchers investigated how these herbivores time their movements to take advantage of the green-up of vegetation, and how this behavior affects their survival, reproduction, and overall population dynamics. The study has important implications for wildlife management and conservation efforts in ecosystems where large herbivores play a significant role in shaping the landscape.
Merkle, J.A. et al. (2016) “Large herbivores surf waves of green-up during spring,” Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 283(1833), p. 20160456. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2016.0456.
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Bird banding, also known as bird ringing, is a scientific research method used to study various aspects of bird biology and ecology. The bands, usually made of lightweight aluminum or plastic, are placed around the bird's leg and contain a unique number and contact information. By tracking the movements and behavior of banded birds, scientists can learn about bird migration patterns, population demographics, behavior, and survival rates. The data collected through bird banding helps to inform conservation efforts and policy decisions related to bird populations and their habitats.
Albanese, J. (2021) 10 facts you didn't know about bird bands, Outdoor Life. Available at: https://www.outdoorlife.com/10-facts-you-didnt-know-about-bird-bands/ (Accessed: May 3, 2023).
“Lincoln's instructions for bird banding instructions for bird banding Frederick C. Lincoln” (1921) The Auk, 38(3), pp. 478–478. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/4073798.
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In some cases, it might be beneficial for a population of bighorn sheep to be isolated if the population is facing a disease outbreak or if the population is genetically distinct from other populations. Isolation can prevent the spread of diseases to other populations and allow the isolated population to recover. It can also help maintain the genetic diversity of a distinct population. However, if the isolated population remains small, it may still face problems related to inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity in the long run.
Average kinship within bighorn sheep populations is associated with ... (no date). Available at: https://esajournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/ecs2.3972 (Accessed: May 2, 2023).
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Elk antlers are remarkable structures that can withstand large impact loads during combat. Understanding the fracture toughness of antlers can provide insight into designing impact-resistant materials. A recent study investigated the dynamic fracture toughness of elk antler and found it to be significantly tougher under dynamic loads than bone. However, measuring the fracture toughness of the antler was challenging due to its extreme fracture resilience by multiple toughening mechanisms. This research could have implications for improving the crashworthiness of structural materials.
Dynamic fracture resilience of Antler: Biomimetic inspiration improved ... (no date). Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Joanna-Mckittrick/publication/225700185_Dynamic_fracture_resilience_of_elk_antler_Biomimetic_inspiration_for_improved_crashworthiness/links/56ec043308aefd0fc1c7205c/Dynamic-fracture-resilience-of-elk-antler-Biomimetic-inspiration-for-improved-crashworthiness.pdf (Accessed: May 1, 2023).
This week, I had an insightful and enjoyable conversation with Toby Boudreau about the state of big game in Idaho and the path forward after a challenging winter. Listen in as Toby shares his expertise on this topic and provides valuable insights into the current state of affairs.
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Big game depredation, the act of wild animals damaging or destroying crops, livestock, and property, is a common problem faced by many landowners and wildlife management agencies. It occurs when big game animals such as deer, elk, and moose, expand their range or their populations increase and begin to encroach on human settlements or agricultural land. Big game depredation can result in significant economic losses and conflicts between landowners, farmers, and wildlife managers. Effective strategies to minimize depredation while conserving these animals are necessary to achieve a balance between wildlife conservation and human needs.
Resources, U.D.of W. (no date) Administrative rule R657-44, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Available at: https://wildlife.utah.gov/r657-44.html (Accessed: April 27, 2023).
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Wildlife nuisance calls are reports made by people to wildlife agencies about wildlife that has become a nuisance in some way. This could include wildlife that has caused property damage, posed a threat to human safety, or caused a disturbance in some way. Examples of nuisance wildlife could include bears raiding trash cans, raccoons nesting in attics, or coyotes attacking pets. Wildlife agencies typically have protocols in place to respond to these calls and manage the wildlife in a way that ensures public safety while also being humane and respectful to the animals involved.
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Browsers and grazers are two distinct feeding strategies employed by different wildlife species. Grazers are known to feed on grass and other herbaceous plants, while browsers tend to feed on leaves, stems, and other parts of woody plants. This division of feeding strategies has important ecological implications, as it can influence plant community structure and nutrient cycling. Understanding the differences between browsers and grazers is essential for effective wildlife management and conservation. In this context, the study of herbivore ecology and their interactions with plants is an important field of research.
Utah Division of Wildlife Resources (no date). Available at: https://wildlife.utah.gov/pdf/mule_deer/mdwg-2_winter_feeding.pdf (Accessed: April 25, 2023).
Grazers and browsers : How digestive morphology affects diet selection (no date). Available at: https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Grazers-and-Browsers-%3A-How-Digestive-Morphology-Shipley/7d7a9df8f5cd6aab9bb0781c268aa6398fb6ac1d (Accessed: April 25, 2023).
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Many species of mammals have a unique reproductive strategy called delayed implantation, also known as embryonic diapause. During this process, the early-stage embryo refrains from implanting in the mother's uterus until certain molecular regulators prod it to germinate. This strategy is employed to wait out conditions unfavorable to sustaining newborns, such as lack of food, insufficient maternal fat stores, or older siblings who haven't been weaned.
Geer, W.by J. et al. (2023) Delayed implantation, AZ Animals. Available at: https://a-z-animals.com/reference/delayed-implantation/ (Accessed: April 24, 2023).
How some mammals pause their pregnancies - sciencedaily (no date). Available at: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/02/200210165723.htm (Accessed: April 24, 2023).
Thom, M.D., Johnson, D.D. and Macdonald, D.W. (2004) “The evolution and maintenance of delayed implantation in the Mustelidae (mammalia: Carnivora),” Evolution, 58(1), p. 175. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1554/03-062.
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Bear breaks into cars have become a common occurrence in many areas where bears and humans coexist. These curious and intelligent animals have learned to associate cars with the possibility of finding food, and will often break into them in search of a meal. While bears breaking into cars may seem like a minor inconvenience, it can actually be dangerous for both humans and bears. Bears that become habituated to human food and garbage can become more aggressive and may need to be euthanized to protect human safety. It's important for people living in bear country to take steps to minimize the chances of a bear break-in and to properly store food and garbage to avoid attracting bears.
Staff, C.B.C.N. (2023) Bear Downs 69 cans of soda after breaking into woman's car, https://www.uppermichiganssource.com. Available at: https://www.uppermichiganssource.com/2023/04/19/bear-downs-69-cans-soda-after-breaking-into-womans-car/ (Accessed: April 21, 2023).
Reminder: Your locked car isn't bear-proof (no date) Yahoo! Yahoo! Available at: https://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/reminder-locked-car-isn-t-120000122.html (Accessed: April 21, 2023).
Region, C.P.W.N.E. (2021) Unfortunately these photos serve as a reminder that if you are in Bear Country, you need to lock your car doors & keep it clean of all attractants. bears break into cars often (484 times between 2019-20).yes, that is a case of beer in the backseat.https://T.co/9ZGHK8AJ6J pic.twitter.com/msphdg7vpp, Twitter. Twitter. Available at: https://twitter.com/CPW_NE/status/1404862469588209668?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw%7Ctwcamp%5Etweetembed%7Ctwterm%5E1404862469588209668%7Ctwgr%5E%7Ctwcon%5Es1_ (Accessed: April 21, 2023).
Be aware ' bears (no date) Wild Aware Utah. Available at: https://www.wildawareutah.org/wildlife/bears/ (Accessed: April 21, 2023).
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My goal with this podcast and my direction is to search for the small and simple things to create those profound moments of clarity.
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Mycoplasma is a type of bacteria that can infect pronghorn and cause respiratory illness, leading to reduced population numbers in certain areas. Wildlife biologists have been monitoring the spread of mycoplasma among pronghorn populations in the western United States, as it can have devastating impacts on their overall health and reproductive success. To combat this issue, biologists are working to increase surveillance of pronghorn populations, educate the public about the importance of monitoring and preventing the spread of diseases, and implementing management strategies that help minimize the spread of mycoplasma. By taking proactive measures, we can work towards ensuring the long-term health and viability of pronghorn populations in the wild.
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"Mark and recapture is a powerful tool used in wildlife research to estimate population size and understand animal behavior. It involves capturing and marking animals, then releasing them back into the wild. Later, a new sample is recaptured, and the proportion of marked animals in the recapture provides an estimate of the population size. This method helps researchers track population dynamics, movement patterns, and other ecological characteristics of wildlife, providing crucial data for conservation and management decisions. Mark and recapture is a vital technique in safeguarding our precious wildlife resources for future generations to enjoy. #WildlifeResearch #Conservation #MarkAndRecapture"
Nazni WA;Luke H;Wan Rozita WM;Abdullah AG;Sa'diyah I;Azahari AH;Zamree I;Tan SB;Lee HL;Sofian MA; (no date) Determination of the flight range and dispersal of the house fly, Musca domestica (L.) using mark release recapture technique, Tropical biomedicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16880754/ (Accessed: April 18, 2023).
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Wildlife management is critical for conserving and protecting our natural resources. Getting involved in wildlife management initiatives allows us to contribute to the preservation of wildlife populations, their habitats, and the balance of ecosystems. By becoming engaged, we can actively participate in the responsible stewardship of our natural heritage, ensuring a sustainable future for wildlife and generations to come.
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A funny story now after time has passed and partially funny at the time. I found myself in the middle of a field at midnight gutting elk when a co-worker lost track of where I was and started shooting at elk that were in between me and him and I found the only place I could for shelter in between the carcasses of dead elk.
As a Wildlife Manager with the Utah Division of Wildlife, Jim is at the forefront of wildlife conservation and management efforts in the state. With a deep passion for wildlife and extensive experience in the field, Jim plays a critical role in protecting and managing Utah's diverse wildlife populations. From conducting surveys and monitoring populations to implementing habitat management strategies and working with stakeholders, Jim is dedicated to ensuring the sustainable management of Utah's wildlife resources. With a commitment to science-based management practices and collaboration with diverse stakeholders, Jim actively conserves and protects Utah's precious wildlife heritage for present and future generations.
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Today we finish with part 3 as I continue the conversation with Chad Wilson talking about Utah's Cooperative Wildlife Management Units (CWMUs) and how they are a unique and innovative approach to wildlife conservation and management. These units are designed to involve private landowners in the management of wildlife populations and habitats on their lands, while also providing hunting opportunities for the public. Through cooperative efforts between state wildlife agencies, landowners, and hunters, CWMUs aim to enhance wildlife habitat, promote sustainable hunting practices, and foster partnerships between stakeholders. In this episode, we will delve into the history, purpose, and benefits of CWMUs in Utah, and explore how this collaborative approach is contributing to wildlife conservation and management in the state.
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I continue the conversation with Chad Wilson talking about Utah's Cooperative Wildlife Management Units (CWMUs) and how they are a unique and innovative approach to wildlife conservation and management. These units are designed to involve private landowners in the management of wildlife populations and habitats on their lands, while also providing hunting opportunities for the public. Through cooperative efforts between state wildlife agencies, landowners, and hunters, CWMUs aim to enhance wildlife habitat, promote sustainable hunting practices, and foster partnerships between stakeholders. In this episode, we will delve into the history, purpose, and benefits of CWMUs in Utah, and explore how this collaborative approach is contributing to wildlife conservation and management in the state.
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I had the opportunity to sit down with Chad Wilson and discuss a program used by the UDWR to promote access to private lands and promote tolerance for wildlife in private lands.
This interview will be a multipart interview as the things we discuss are important to wildlife management and to understand the different tools available in wildlife management.
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Today, we're diving into the world of population management for hunted species. As hunting remains a time-honored tradition and a conservation tool, it presents unique challenges that require careful navigation. From striking the right balance between population size and habitat capacity, to addressing genetic diversity, disease management, and human-wildlife conflicts, managing populations of hunted species is a multifaceted and dynamic process. Join us as we explore the intricacies, controversies, and solutions in this fascinating realm of wildlife management.
Fact sheet 28: Population Management and Objectives (no date) WAFWA. Available at: https://wafwa.org/wpdm-package/fact-sheet-28-population-management-and-objectives/ (Accessed: April 6, 2023).
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Headlines that generate clicks are not always as bad as they seem. What was called a mass hunt of Yellowstone bison has sparked controversy and raised concerns about the management of the species. The Yellowstone bison herd is one of the few genetically pure and free-ranging herds left in North America, and their management has been a challenge for wildlife officials. Despite the efforts of conservation groups and some Native American tribes to protect the bison, hunting remains a tool for managing their population. In this episode, we will discuss the history and current situation of the Yellowstone bison, the challenges of managing their population, and the controversy surrounding their hunt.
Mass Yellowstone bison hunt kills more than 1,000 (no date) Yahoo! News. Yahoo! Available at: https://www.yahoo.com/news/mass-yellowstone-bison-hunt-kills-115757373.html (Accessed: April 4, 2023).
(no date) Interagency Bison Management Program. Available at: http://ibmp.info/library.php (Accessed: April 4, 2023).
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Welcome to our podcast, where we explore the fascinating world of wildlife management. In this episode, we dive into the topic of sexual segregation in mule deer, a behavior that has intrigued researchers and wildlife enthusiasts alike. Despite years of research, the causes and implications of sexual segregation in mule deer populations remain a mystery. But why does it matter to us? Understanding the underlying factors that shape wildlife behavior can help us better manage and conserve our natural resources. Join us as we speak with experts in the field and uncover the latest insights into this captivating topic.
Bowyer, R.T. (1984) “Sexual segregation in Southern Mule Deer,” Journal of Mammalogy, 65(3), pp. 410–417. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2307/1381087.
Terry Bowyer, R. and Kie, J.G. (2004) “Effects of foraging activity on sexual segregation in Mule Deer,” Journal of Mammalogy, 85(3), pp. 498–504. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1644/bos-115.
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Historically, mule deer populations were abundant and widespread throughout their range. In the "good old days" of mule deer, hunters and wildlife enthusiasts could easily spot these majestic animals in the wild.
Mule deer were a staple food source for many indigenous peoples, who relied on their meat and hides for survival. In the early 1900s, mule deer hunting became a popular recreational activity for non-native Americans as well, and hunters were able to harvest large numbers of deer due to the abundance of the population.
Mule deer were once so abundant that they were considered a nuisance in some areas, causing crop damage and traffic accidents. However, as human populations expanded and urban development encroached on mule deer habitat, their numbers began to decline.
Today, mule deer populations have been greatly reduced in many parts of their range due to habitat loss, fragmentation, and human activities such as hunting and road construction. While efforts are being made to conserve and restore mule deer populations, the "good old days" of mule deer abundance are largely a thing of the past.
The revival of bighorn sheep in North America is an impressive accomplishment in conservation. Once absent from every western state, they have now been reintroduced with some populations even surpassing their historic numbers. This success was made possible by the collaborative efforts of hunters, wildlife and land management agencies, conservation groups, indigenous communities, private landowners, and other stakeholders. However, despite these efforts, bighorn sheep continue to inhabit only a fraction of their original range, and their current population is significantly lower than historical estimates on a continental scale.
Bighorn Sheep: Conservation Challenges and management strategies for the 21st Century (no date) WAFWA. Available at: https://wafwa.org/wpdm-package/bighorn-sheep-conservation-challenges-management-strategies-for-the-21st-century/ (Accessed: March 31, 2023).
Manlove, K.R. et al. (2022) “Bighorn Sheep show similar in‐host responses to the same pathogen strain in two contrasting environments,” Ecology and Evolution, 12(7). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.9109.
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- Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. (2021). Greater Sage-grouse Conservation in Utah. Retrieved from https://wildlife.utah.gov/sage-grouse/
- Utah Greater Sage-grouse State Plan. (2013). Retrieved from https://wildlife.utah.gov/habitat/sage-grouse/Utah_Greater_Sage-grouse_Plan.pdf
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In wildlife conservation, translocation refers to the intentional movement of a live organism from one location to another. This can involve moving individuals of a species from one part of their range to another or introducing individuals of a species to a new location where they have not previously existed. Translocations are often carried out as a conservation tool to help endangered or threatened species increase their populations, establish new populations, or restore populations in areas where they have been extirpated.
Howard, C.R. (no date) Efficacy of translocation as a management tool for urban mule deer in Utah, DigitalCommons@USU. Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7407/ (Accessed: March 28, 2023).
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In today's episode, we will explore the effects of male-targeted harvest regimes on prey switching by female mountain lions and the implications for apparent competition on declining secondary prey. We will discuss how the decline of one prey species can cause mountain lions to switch to other prey species, leading to a cascade of ecological effects. Join us as we delve into the complex interactions between predators and their prey and how these interactions shape the structure and function of ecosystems.
Keehner, J.R., Wielgus, R.B. and Keehner, A.M. (2015) “Effects of male targeted harvest regimes on prey switching by female mountain lions: Implications for apparent competition on declining secondary prey,” Biological Conservation, 192, pp. 101–108. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015.09.006.
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As a habitat biologist, Brad Hunt is dedicated to studying and managing natural habitats for wildlife conservation. With a deep understanding of ecosystem dynamics, Brad works to ensure that habitats are healthy and sustainable, providing the necessary resources for wildlife to thrive. Through research, planning, and management, Brad is committed to preserving our natural heritage for future generations.
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As coyote populations continue to thrive in across the west, the challenge of managing these animals becomes increasingly complex. The sink-source dynamics of coyotes, where some areas rely on immigration to maintain population levels, add an extra layer of complexity to an already difficult management problem. Join us as we explore the coyote conundrum and the challenges of navigating sink-source dynamics in today's population.
Utah’s predator control program summary (no date). Available at: https://wildlife.utah.gov/pdf/coyote/predator_program_summary_2022.pdf (Accessed: March 23, 2023).
USDA wildlife services posts FY2020 data on management actions and funding sources (no date) USDA APHIS | USDA Wildlife Services Posts FY2020 Data on Management Actions and Funding Sources. Available at: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/newsroom/stakeholder-info/stakeholder-messages/wildlife-damage-news/ws-post-pdr (Accessed: March 23, 2023).
Understanding actions may usually not reduction not predation occur ... (no date). Available at: https://idfg.idaho.gov/sites/default/files/old-web/docs/wildlife/predationMgmtBrochure.pdf (Accessed: March 23, 2023).
Fact sheet 01: Relationships among mule deer and their predators (no date) WAFWA. Available at: https://wafwa.org/wpdm-package/fact-sheet-1-predators/ (Accessed: March 23, 2023).
Effect of compensatory immigration on the genetic structure of coyotes ... (no date). Available at: https://wildlife.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/jwmg.21320 (Accessed: March 23, 2023).
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A biologist and I remove an injured elk from an irrigation pipe.
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Wildlife management is a critical practice that involves the conservation and sustainable use of wildlife populations and their habitats. It seeks to strike a balance between protecting endangered species, managing human-wildlife conflicts, and providing economic benefits through activities such as hunting and ecotourism. Effective wildlife management ensures the long-term survival of species and maintains healthy ecosystems, making it a vital component of environmental conservation efforts worldwide.
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Edge effect refers to the changes in species composition, habitat structure, and ecosystem processes that occur at the boundary between two different habitats. The concept of edge effect has been widely studied in ecology, as it can have both positive and negative impacts on wildlife, biodiversity, and ecosystem function. Understanding the effects of edge can inform conservation and management strategies for fragmented landscapes.
Edge and other wildlife concepts - Oklahoma State University (2017) Edge and Other Wildlife Concepts | Oklahoma State University. Available at: https://extension.okstate.edu/fact-sheets/edge-and-other-wildlife-concepts.html (Accessed: March 20, 2023).
Turner, M.G. "Landscape Ecology: The Effect of Pattern on Process." Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics 20, no. 1 (1989): 171-197.
Robinson, W.D., and R.J. O'Connor. "The Ecology of Edge Effects." Journal of Applied Ecology
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While hazing mule deer in the middle of nowhere we are chased by an unknown creature. Also, vehicles shooting and chasing each other at 2 am at the base of the pilot mountains.
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The latest episode covers updates on shed hunting regulations in four western states. Utah has announced an emergency closure to shed hunting from February 7th to April 30th, 2023, to protect wintering big game, especially deer populations. Idaho is introducing a bill to regulate shed hunting, which generates over $1 billion annually, while Montana has introduced a bill to increase penalties for trespassing on private or FWP-managed property. Finally, Wyoming has signed a bill to regulate shed-antler hunting, requiring non-residents to possess a conservation stamp to partake in public land shed hunting legally. Shed hunting regulations are crucial for protecting wildlife and preventing disturbance during the critical wintering period. Stay tuned for more updates on wildlife conservation news.
Jolley, F.H. (no date) DWR implements emergency statewide restrictions for shed antler hunting to help protect wintering big game in Utah, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Available at: https://wildlife.utah.gov/news/utah-wildlife-news/1593-dwr-implements-emergency-statewide-shed-antler-hunting-restrictions-to-protect-big-game.html?utm_medium=email (Accessed: March 11, 2023).
Curtis, A. (2023) Montana bill could take away hunting licenses from shed hunting trespassers, KTVH. KTVH. Available at: https://www.ktvh.com/news/montana-news/montana-bill-could-take-away-hunting-licenses-from-shed-hunting-trespassers (Accessed: March 11, 2023).
KOSHMRLWyoFile.com, M.I.K.E. (2023) Wyoming's soon-to-drop shed hunting rules set new precedent, Wyoming Tribune Eagle. Available at: https://www.wyomingnews.com/news/local_news/wyoming-s-soon-to-drop-shed-hunting-rules-set-new-precedent/article_1b6ef904-b9ed-11ed-a09f-3bd35a8717b9.html (Accessed: March 11, 2023).
Shed hunting: Is it time for rules? (no date) Yahoo! News. Yahoo! Available at: https://news.yahoo.com/shed-hunting-time-rules-132100257.html (Accessed: March 11, 2023).
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Efforts are underway to limit the influence of hunters in wildlife policy-making in several US states, including Washington, Maryland, Vermont, New Hampshire, Colorado, New Mexico, and Oregon. Wildlife for All, an environmental nonprofit, is leading the charge for the implementation of a wildlife management system based on the "public trust doctrine." However, critics argue that the group's aim to abolish wildlife commissions and reduce the influence of hunters could have negative consequences for wildlife management. Hunters and anglers have contributed over $25.5 billion to the successful North American Model of Wildlife Conservation, and some argue that their voices should continue to be heard in the decision-making process.
Sillars, J. (2023) Inside the campaign to divorce hunters from wildlife policy, MeatEater Conservation. MeatEater. Available at: https://www.themeateater.com/conservation/wildlife-management/inside-the-campaign-to-divorce-hunters-from-wildlife-policy (Accessed: March 11, 2023).
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Stories about roadkill and dead animals found on different properties.
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In this podcast, I discuss a proposed bill in Utah that would allow the unlimited hunting of mountain lions. The bill has faced opposition from wildlife conservationists who argue that it could lead to the depletion of cougar populations in the state. They also did not work with The Utah Division of Wildlife.
Hall, T. (2023) Utah bill could open unlimited, year-round mountain lion hunting-to the dismay of some hunters, Field & Stream. Available at: https://www.fieldandstream.com/conservation/utah-bill-unlimited-mountain-lion-hunting/ (Accessed: March 14, 2023).
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Efforts are underway to limit the influence of hunters in wildlife policy-making in several US states, including Washington, Maryland, Vermont, New Hampshire, Colorado, New Mexico, and Oregon. Wildlife for All, an environmental nonprofit, is leading the charge for the implementation of a wildlife management system based on the "public trust doctrine." However, critics argue that the group's aim to abolish wildlife commissions and reduce the influence of hunters could have negative consequences for wildlife management. Hunters and anglers have contributed over $25.5 billion to the successful North American Model of Wildlife Conservation, and some argue that their voices should continue to be heard in the decision-making process.
Sillars, J. (2023) Inside the campaign to divorce hunters from wildlife policy, MeatEater Conservation. MeatEater. Available at: https://www.themeateater.com/conservation/wildlife-management/inside-the-campaign-to-divorce-hunters-from-wildlife-policy (Accessed: March 11, 2023).
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The latest episode of Mange the Wild podcast covers updates on shed hunting regulations in four western states. Utah has announced an emergency closure to shed hunting from February 7th to April 30th, 2023, to protect wintering big game, especially deer populations. Idaho is introducing a bill to regulate shed hunting, which generates over $1 billion annually, while Montana has introduced a bill to increase penalties for trespassing on private or FWP-managed property. Finally, Wyoming has signed a bill to regulate shed-antler hunting, requiring non-residents to possess a conservation stamp to partake in public land shed hunting legally. Shed hunting regulations are crucial for protecting wildlife and preventing disturbance during the critical wintering period. Stay tuned for more updates on wildlife conservation news.
Jolley, F.H. (no date) DWR implements emergency statewide restrictions for shed antler hunting to help protect wintering big game in Utah, Utah Division of Wildlife Resources. Available at: https://wildlife.utah.gov/news/utah-wildlife-news/1593-dwr-implements-emergency-statewide-shed-antler-hunting-restrictions-to-protect-big-game.html?utm_medium=email (Accessed: March 11, 2023).
Curtis, A. (2023) Montana bill could take away hunting licenses from shed hunting trespassers, KTVH. KTVH. Available at: https://www.ktvh.com/news/montana-news/montana-bill-could-take-away-hunting-licenses-from-shed-hunting-trespassers (Accessed: March 11, 2023).
KOSHMRLWyoFile.com, M.I.K.E. (2023) Wyoming's soon-to-drop shed hunting rules set new precedent, Wyoming Tribune Eagle. Available at: https://www.wyomingnews.com/news/local_news/wyoming-s-soon-to-drop-shed-hunting-rules-set-new-precedent/article_1b6ef904-b9ed-11ed-a09f-3bd35a8717b9.html (Accessed: March 11, 2023).
Shed hunting: Is it time for rules? (no date) Yahoo! News. Yahoo! Available at: https://news.yahoo.com/shed-hunting-time-rules-132100257.html (Accessed: March 11, 2023).
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Oostvaardersplassen became a conservationists dream. To take a piece of reclaimed ground and let nature do its thing. That is until nature also did its thing with mass winter die-offs and limited predators to keep the herbivores in check. Is there something we can learn from this?
Rewilding is a relatively an approach to conservation that aims to restore ecosystems to their natural state or what is thought to be their natural state, by reintroducing native plant and animal species and removing barriers to natural processes such as predation and wildfire.
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My work in wildlife required me to pick up injured eagles and they are so much bigger than I thought.
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The Corridor Mapping Team, a state-Tribal-federal partnership, has been developing standard techniques for mapping migration corridors and making migration maps available to the public. Today's release, the third in the series, includes maps and summaries of 45 mule deer, white-tailed deer, pronghorn, and elk migration routes in Arizona, California, Idaho, New Mexico, Utah, Washington, Wyoming, and the Navajo Nation. This latest volume includes details and maps of the migrations and seasonal ranges for 152 herds, along with insights into how earlier migration maps are used in conservation planning. The report "Ungulate Migrations of the Western United States: Volume 3" illustrates how collaborations among state, federal, and Tribal agencies and private landowners can help wildlife coexist with human populations. Maps of each herd were produced in collaboration with regional experts by cartographers from the USGS and the InfoGraphics Lab at the University of Oregon. To explore migration routes and ranges, visit the interactive WesternMigrations.net portal or download the data from ScienceBase.
New Big Game Migration Maps Support Conservation Planning across the West: U.S. geological survey (no date) New big game migration maps support conservation planning across the West | U.S. Geological Survey. Available at: https://www.usgs.gov/news/national-news-release/new-big-game-migration-maps-support-conservation-planning-across-west (Accessed: March 7, 2023).
Pubs.usgs.gov (no date). Available at: https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2022/5088/sir20225088.pdf (Accessed: March 8, 2023).
Western migrations 2.0 (no date) WESTERN MIGRATIONS 2.0. Available at: https://westernmigrations.net/ (Accessed: March 7, 2023).
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Multiple shareholders got together and came up with an option that would help ranchers get water and reduce the impacts of more permanent dams. It's called contouring a river.
Western resilience seen along the Bear River – WAFWA (no date) WAFWA Western resilience seen along the Bear River Comments. Available at: https://wafwa.org/wnti_article_bear-river/ (Accessed: March 6, 2023).
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Researchers thought a bear that died 3460 years ago was an extinct cave bear. It turned out to be a female brown bear around 3 years old with massive damage to its spine. Researchers are not sure how it got on the island on the Siberian sea, though they most likely walked across the ice. Another thing confusing researchers is why there are no signs of brown bears in the area.
'prehistoric' mummified bear discovered in Siberian permafrost isn't what we thought (no date) Yahoo! Yahoo! Available at: http://www.yahoo.com/lifestyle/prehistoric-mummified-bear-discovered-siberian-143550492.html (Accessed: March 4, 2023).
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Mule deer fawns are more affected by habitat than that whitetail fawns. Researchers don't fully understand why, I am wondering if it's because mule deer migrate further than whitetail do. There are definitely different life strategies in play. One area biologists could'd put effort into is increasing juvenile survivability.
Moeller, A.K. (2022) Making “habitat quality” meaningful: Quantifying demographic effects of habitat in two sympatric species. Missoula, MT: University of Montana.
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Dogs can now be trained to detect CWD positive animals.
Mallikarjun, A. et al. (2023) “Canine detection of chronic wasting disease (CWD) in laboratory and field settings,” Prion, 17(1), pp. 16–28. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/19336896.2023.2169519.
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This winter has put quite a bit of strain on wildlife as the snow depths increase they are forcing wildlife to move further down into urban areas causing conflict. Forest grouse largely spend their time in douglas fir stands feeding on conifer needles and buds. Still, outdoor recreation is allowing coyotes to move into an area that is difficult to access due to snowmobiles and groomed trails. Shed hunters are upset that officials have closed the season until May 1st thinking the State is too controlling. I am not sure if they understand that certain counties will face 90% mortality of mule deer fawns. The other question is do they care?
Dowd, J.L. and Gese, E.M. (2012) “Seasonal variation of Coyote Diet in northwestern Wyoming: Implications for dietary overlap with Canada lynx?,” Northwest Science, 86(4), p. 289. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3955/046.086.0405.
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The cattle removal happening in New Mexico may offer ranchers the framework to develop their lawsuit to remove feral horses. This is how it works in wildlife. You fight for wildlife on one hand and you fight against them on the next. We will just have to wait to see how this plays out.
Feral horses influence both spatial and temporal patterns of water use by native ungulates in a semi‐arid environment Hall et al. - Ecosphere - 2018 Agouridis, C.T. et al. (2005) “Livestock grazing management impacts on stream water quality: A Review,” Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 41(3), pp. 591–606. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2005.tb03757.x.
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A man picked up a large rattlesnake off of a popular hiking trail and stuffed it in his backpack. A doe mule deer is hit by a car and delivers twins on the road.
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Mountain goats spend winter above treeline on windswept ridges, while coastal populations migrate downhill to spend winters in low-elevation forested areas. Cumulative snow depth varies more than recently fallen snow, which could explain the negative effects of cumulative snow depth on movements and winter range size. Reduced movements during snowfalls, possibly related to low visibility, could also explain these results. Mountain goat ranges were smaller in late winter than early winter but increased with day length as winter advanced. This may be because increased day length enables mountain goats to be active for longer periods and thus travel longer distances.
Richard, J.H. et al. (2014) The effect of snow on space use of an alpine ungulate: Recently fallen snow tells more than cumulative snow depth, Canadian Journal of Zoology. Available at: https://cdnsciencepub.com/doi/10.1139/cjz-2014-0118 (Accessed: February 22, 2023).
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During the winter, fed deer maintained a higher nutritional status, were more productive, and died at lower rates.
Based on body condition scores and serum indices, fed deer had an improved nutritional status. Neither fed nor nonfed deer showed any difference during summer-autumn. It was clear in early February 2003 - 2004 that fed and nonfed live body-condition scores were separated, and more malnutrition-related deaths occurred after that date. Nonfed deer's nutritional levels were lower from winter 2002-2003 to winter 2003-2004 due to increased SUN and decreased body condition.
Fed females produce more fawns, but nonfed females have higher mortality rates. Although the increased productivity of fed females suggests a cumulative effect on population growth rates, it remains to be seen if the observed differences translate into long-term benefits.
Mule deer may have migrated later in autumn 2003 and earlier in spring 2004 because of increased nutritional status, and because browse on treatment sites had less utilization during winter feeding, thereby prolonging nutrient availability and postponing migration associated with declining nutrient availability. The data suggest that feeding operations may have contributed to earlier arrivals on the winter range and increased concentrations of mule deer for longer periods of time.
PETERSON, C.H.R.I.S. and MESSMER, T.E.R.R.Y.A. (2007) “Effects of winter-feeding on mule deer in northern Utah,” Journal of Wildlife Management, 71(5), pp. 1440–1445. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2193/2006-202.
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Wind turbines are proving to be a challenge for red-tail hawks. If we lowered the blades or raised them the next question would be what else are we going to affect?
HOOVER, S.T.A.C.I.A.L. and MORRISON, M.I.C.H.A.E.L.L. (2005) “Behavior of red-tailed hawks in a wind turbine development,” Journal of Wildlife Management, 69(1), pp. 150–159. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541x(2005)0692.0.co;2.
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Landowners who receive wildlife damage may be incentivized to let wildlife continue to damage their property because of compensation. Are state agencies creating a problem instead of building tolerance?
BULTE, E.R.W.I.N.H. and RONDEAU, D.A.N.I.E.L. (2005) “Research and management viewpoint: Why compensating wildlife damages may be bad for conservation,” Journal of Wildlife Management, 69(1), pp. 14–19. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2193/0022-541x(2005)0692.0.co;2.
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Wildlife do what they want and that is to live wild. So when elk cross freeways it leaves wildlife managers very few options.
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With multiple ways to help habitat reduce invasive species, I think I have found another I would like to try. Using geese sounds awesome for about 30 seconds until you try and herd them. But the seems like a low-key stress-free job I would like to try for a day.
Raising geese in small or backyard flocks (no date) Small and backyard poultry. Available at: https://poultry.extension.org/articles/poultry-management/raising-geese-in-small-or-backyard-flocks/ (Accessed: February 10, 2023).
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There are moments that shape and define who we become. Some of us are drawn to sports, others to paint, and those to music. A chance encounter with a bull elk has stayed with me even until this day and became a part of who I am.
Murie, O.J. (2017) The Elk of North America. Lanham, MaryLand: Stackpole Books.
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When working in the field of wildlife there is a lot of unhappiness among the public. No one will be happy with the decisions you make or the recommendations you provide.
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I was asked to classify an area that didn't have a biologist over it at the time. I was excited and tried to classify every animal that I saw no matter the distance. It lead to a large increase in fawns and made it look like they had gone through multiple birth cycles. Classifying is subjective and should be consistently preformed by the same individuals each time to reduce error.
This morning I had the opportunity to help feed a group of elk. Biologists are still feeding elk even though the research says it's not a great idea.
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Multiple states provide supplemental feed for elk. They do this to reduce the effects of a harsh winter and also to cut down the amount of elk depredation. Wyoming is currently looking to provide a short-term and long-term management plan and to decide whether to continue those feed grounds.
Wy Elk feedground background information (no date) Wyoming Game and Fish Department - Feedgrounds public engagement. Available at: https://wgfd.wyo.gov/Get-Involved/elk-feedgrounds (Accessed: February 7, 2023).
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Random walk theory is that each step is completely random from the previous one. It can help identify variables in wildlife behavior.
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S;, C.E.A.P.M.J.B. (no date) Random walk models in biology, Journal of the Royal Society, Interface. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Available at: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18426776/ (Accessed: February 7, 2023).
Berthelot, G., Saïd, S. and Bansaye, V. (2020) “How to use random walks for modeling the movement of wild animals.” Available at: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.03.11.986885.
Since the first invasive insect was identified in 1635 until now, habitat managers have had an uphill battle. With more than 400 invasive insects and over 15 pathogens attacking our forests daily, managers find themselves behind the trying to play catchup.
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Solano, A. et al. (2021) “Firewood transport as a vector of forest pest dispersal in North America: A scoping review,” Journal of Economic Entomology, 114(1), pp. 14–23. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/toaa278.
Aukema, J.E. et al. (2010) “Historical accumulation of nonindigenous forest pests in the continental United States,” BioScience, 60(11), pp. 886–897. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2010.60.11.5.
Forest Service silviculture (no date) Forest Service Shield. Available at: https://www.fs.usda.gov/forestmanagement/vegetation-management/silviculture/index.shtml (Accessed: February 6, 2023).
Elk find their way onto a highway. With the use of cracker shells, I am able to push them back through the hole in the fence.
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EPA announced today they vetoed the proposal for the Pebble mine in Bristol bay Alaska.
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A new hunt was announced for next October, allowing 25 tags to hunt one bull. Biologists are having difficulty counting animals due to the terrain and vegetation in the area. They don't believe there are enough animals to support the hunt. Though the public believes there are enough elk and the Board of Game committee agreed with the public.
Wrangell, K. -, & Wrangell, S. S., KSTK-. (2023, January 27). Board of Game authorizes first Zarembo Island elk hunt in 17 years. KTOO. https://www.ktoo.org/2023/01/27/board-of-game-authorizes-first-zarembo-island-elk-hunt-in-17-years/
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Humans are actively playing a role in spreading species across the globe. States because of social demand are actively trying to increase nonnative species through the management and supplemental releases.
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The Trivers-Willard hypothesis says that males will be born when more resources are available. This hypothesis played out in New Zealand almost driving the Kakapo closer to extinction when wildlife officials provided more food. The offspring that were produced, were 70% males.
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Often times at the end of summer, ungulates will pick up parasites. I hauled away a moose that had thousands of ticks and a lot that were so large their feet couldn't touch the ground.
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Aerial flights for population counts often happen this time of year. They try to time the flights before the bucks and bulls drop their antlers giving them a better idea of the sex ratio within a population.
Zabransky, C. J., Hewitt, D. G., Deyoung, R. W., Gray, S. S., Richardson, C., Litt, A. R., & Deyoung, C. A. (2016). A detection probability model for aerial surveys of mule deer. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 80(8), 1379–1389. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21143
Thiele, D. (n.d.). Chapter 2 Mule Deer (Odocoileus hemionus). Retrieved January 24, 2023, from https://wgfd.wyo.gov/WGFD/media/content/PDF/Wildlife/Handbook-BioTechniques/02-MuleDeer.pdf
Aerial Survey of Mule Deer. (2019). https://www.ndow.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/19B-Cody-McKee-Aerial-Survey-Mule-Deer-PowerPoint-Presentation.pdf
Why aerial surveys are important to managing big game in Idaho | Idaho Fish and Game. (n.d.). Idfg.idaho.gov. Retrieved January 24, 2023, from https://idfg.idaho.gov/blog/2019/12/why-aerial-surveys-are-important-managing-big-game-idaho
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This time of year proves to be challenging for wildlife as well as private landowners. As temperatures drop and the inches of snow increase, wildlife damage to haystacks and other sources of feed receive damage.
Walter, W. D., Lavelle, M. J., Fischer, J. W., Johnson, T. L., Hygnstrom, S. E., & VerCauteren, K. C. (2010). Management of damage by elk (Cervus elaphus) in North America: a review. Wildlife Research, 37(8), 630. https://doi.org/10.1071/wr10021
R657-44: Big game depredation. (n.d.). Wildlife.utah.gov. Retrieved January 23, 2023, from https://wildlife.utah.gov/r657-44.html
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Each year for the last forty years a national survey is conducted to monitor the population of eagles in the United States. It concluded this year on January 18th with hundreds of volunteers as well as federal and state biologists participating. Eagle populations have grown since the Bald Eagle Protection Act in 1940. Studies show that eagles in Alaska are tied to salmon populations and more specifically chum salmon. With 73% of the salmon in the Columbia river extinct and another 17 % threatened it could be a tough road for eagles.
Elliott, K. H., Elliott, J. E., Wilson, L. K., Jones, I., & Stenerson, K. (2011). Density-dependence in the survival and reproduction of Bald Eagles: Linkages to Chum Salmon. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 75(8), 1688–1699. https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.233
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Working with all the stakeholders in wildlife is both challenging and rewarding. The lack of communication can stop your plan in its tracks as it leads to confusion and frustration. Just know you are going to have to talk to everyone before anything happens.
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Moose are always interesting to deal with when they enter an urban setting. In a couple of instances, we have had to rope them.
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Reading wildlife news articles around you gives you an idea of what people are talking about in wildlife. The one thing that became clear to me, is that people are starting to talk about connectivity and how we connect areas to allow wildlife to move through without crossing roads or venturing into urban areas.
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Carry an extra shirt in your vehicle to place over the eys of the deer caught in a fence. It helps calm them down to reduce injury to yourself as well as the animal.
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Interactions with wildlife always leave you with good stories.
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Urban geese present a problem for managers as methods prove inadequate to reduce their numbers. Survivability for urban geese is 72% from year to year.
Conover, M.R., Dinkins, J.B. and Ruzicka, R.E. (2015) “Consequences of hunter harvest, winter weather, and increasing population size on survival of non-migratory Canada geese in Connecticut,” The Journal of Wildlife Management, 79(8), pp. 1239–1245. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.942.
Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series (no date) USDA APHIS | Wildlife Damage Management Technical Series. Available at: https://www.aphis.usda.gov/aphis/ourfocus/wildlifedamage/sa_reports/ct_wildlife%20damage%20management%20technical%20series.
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The competitive exclusion principle needs to apply to humans and move into areas we are competing and winning in exclusion, keeping those precious resources from wildlife.
Gauze, G.F. (1934) The struggle for existence, by G.F. Gause. New York, Hafner Pub. Co, 1964 .
Darwin, C. (2019) The origin of species. London: Vintage.
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Wildlife corridors play a key role in helping animals move through a highly fragmented land. Wildlife crossings are expensive and can cost more than the road itself. How many animals must use them for it to be considered a success? Also, there are a lot more than just overpasses and underpasses. Did you know that greenscape rooftops are considered wildlife crossings?
Simpson, N.O. et al. (2016) “Overpasses and underpasses: Effectiveness of crossing structures for migratory ungulates,” The Journal of Wildlife Management, 80(8), pp. 1370–1378. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21132.
SIMBERLOFF, D.A.N.I.E.L. and COX, J.A.M.E.S. (1987) “Consequences and costs of conservation corridors,” Conservation Biology, 1(1), pp. 63–71. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.1987.tb00010.x.
Bennett, V.J., Smith, W.P. and Betts, M.G. (2011) “Toward understanding the ecological impact of Transportation Corridors.” Available at: https://doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-846.
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Sea otter populations have increased from 400 individuals in the 1960s to over 25,000 by 2011. Also, the scale at which you manage animals is important to be effective. Too large an area and a local population could be effectively wiped out, too small an area and the animals you work with could move out of the area making it difficult to control.
Tinker, M.T. et al. (2019) “Trends and carrying capacity of sea otters in Southeast Alaska,” The Journal of Wildlife Management, 83(5), pp. 1073–1089. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21685.
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Removing small bucks from a herd to improve genetics may be futile. Environmental factors and other factors reduce overall growth, making it difficult to tell if genetics came into play. Researchers were unable to tell from the first set of antlers if the buck would, later on, grow a more extensive set of antlers at maturity. Researchers also noted that some deer just take a little longer to reach maturity.
Demarais, S. and Strickland, B.K. (2010) “White-tailed deer antler research: A critique of Design and Analysis Methodology,” Journal of Wildlife Management, 74(2), pp. 193–197. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2193/2009-112.
Strickland, B.K., Demarais, S. and Gerard, P.D. (2008) “Variation in mass and lactation among cohorts of White-tailed Deer Odocoileus virginianus,” Wildlife Biology, 14(2), pp. 263–271. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2981/0909-6396(2008)14[263:vimala]2.0.co;2.
Koerth, B.H. and Kroll, J.C. (2008) “Juvenile-to-adult antler development in white-tailed deer in south Texas,” Journal of Wildlife Management, 72(5), pp. 1109–1113. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2193/2007-252.
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Fish adapt very well to these cold temperatures as the ice starts to form above. To control their body temperature fish will go deeper as the water column flips and cold water moves to the top. But in smaller lakes, this can prove to be deadly. Ice acts as a lid reducing or altogether stopping the transfer of oxygen and fish in smaller lakes and ponds can suffocate.
Darting animals present significant challenges, whether moose or deer, cougars or bears. The effects of the chase could be done by helicopter on foot or in the back of a truck puts a lot of stress on the animals. The opioid that is injected into their body then decreases their respiratory rate which increases the chance of hyperthermia and elevated body temperature that can last up to 40 hrs.
Thompson, D.P. et al. (2020) “Acute thermal and stress response in Moose to chemical immobilization,” The Journal of Wildlife Management, 84(6), pp. 1051–1062. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21871.
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As developments from housing and natural gas pumps fill up the west, it only takes 3 percent of that area to alter the migration routes of mule deer.
Sawyer, H., Lambert, M.S. and Merkle, J.A. (2020) “Migratory disturbance thresholds with mule deer and energy development,” The Journal of Wildlife Management, 84(5), pp. 930–937. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21847.
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A town north of Boston has become overrun by coyotes and there are a lot of methods to help control them. None of them are perfect and coyotes keep finding ways to adapt. Is it time for humans to adapt?
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A story about a trapped mule deer I had to rope and hogtie.
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This episode talks about the factors that go into a successful hunt for a wolf pack and the individuals that make up that group. Also, talk about a game theory called the stag hunt.
Sand, H. et al. (2006) “Effects of hunting group size, snow depth, and age on the success of Wolves Hunting Moose,” Animal Behaviour, 72(4), pp. 781–789. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2005.11.030.
Packer, C. and Ruttan, L. (1988) “The evolution of cooperative hunting,” The American Naturalist, 132(2), pp. 159–198. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1086/284844.
Barash, D.P. (2004) The survival game: How game theory explains the biology of cooperation and competition. New York: Henry Holt.
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Gathering data for population management is very difficult and relies heavily on hunter harvest. Hunter harvest can be affected by weather, gas prices, and the state of the economy. The more surveys you provide and the more data you gather the better understanding you will have.
Hilts, D.J. et al. (2020) “Seasonal use of latrines by bobcats: Implications for monitoring programs,” The Journal of Wildlife Management, 84(8), pp. 1611–1616. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21941.
Gooliaff, T.J., Weir, R.D. and Hodges, K.E. (2018) “Estimating Bobcat and Canada lynx distributions in British Columbia,” The Journal of Wildlife Management, 82(4), pp. 810–820. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.21437.
Dorendorf, R.R., Fix, P.J. and Prugh, L.R. (2016) “Motivations of fur trappers in interior Alaska,” Human Dimensions of Wildlife, 21(6), pp. 522–537. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1080/10871209.2016.1193922.
draft_furbearer_management_plan_2022_2027.pdf (idaho.gov) Allen, M.L., Roberts, N.M. and Bauder, J.M. (2020) “Relationships of catch-per-unit-effort metrics with abundance vary depending on sampling method and population trajectory,” PLOS ONE, 15(5). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233444.
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Hunters who focused on areas and moved less across the whole place were more successful in rifle and archery.
Rowland, M.M. et al. (2021) “Influence of landscape characteristics on Hunter Space use and success,” The Journal of Wildlife Management, 85(7), pp. 1394–1409. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22107.
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Researchers collected over 9000 hair samples across a wide range in the Appalachians trying to calculate female black bear density. Calculating density helps wildlife mangers set harvest objectives and monitor populations.
Humm, J. and Clark, J.D. (2021) “Estimates of abundance and harvest rates of female black bears across a large spatial extent,” The Journal of Wildlife Management, 85(7), pp. 1321–1331. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22104.
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The paradox of wildlife management. Mule deer selected sites in southern Utah that were more likely to have elk than not have elk. Proving the case that there is not always interspecific competition happening.
Sallee, D. W., McMillan, B. R., Hersey, K. R., Petersen, S. L., & Larsen, R. T. (2022). Influence of interspecific competition on mule deer birthing and rearing site selection. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 87(1). https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.22318
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There is a specific time when predator removals are effective. It is one tool in the box and is not always the best answer.
Brown, D.E. and Conover, M.R. (2011) “Effects of large-scale removal of coyotes on pronghorn and mule deer productivity and abundance,” The Journal of Wildlife Management, 75(4), pp. 876–882. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.126.
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Translocation and the reintroduction of beavers are valuable resources in restoring areas that have experienced drought or abuse. They are cheap and an alternative to a practice called beaver mimicry, using beaver tactics through a series of small rock dams and sod mats, and woven willows. The challenge is beavers build where they want, so how tolerant are you?
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Mountain goats, translocation, reintroduction, and introduction are the decisions wildlife managers make when deciding to bolster a population or start a new one. For sportsmen, the answer is always why not. For others, it's not so simple the effects are long-lasting and have consequences beyond our current understanding.
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Point restrictions work by they are often socially controversial.
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Bighorn sheep in the Sierra Nevada's strategy to help increase survival is important and effective. It reduces the amount of fat storage required and helps the animals stay on better forage longer.
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Pinyon juniper removals are happening across the west. Studies show once these removals happen there is a decrease in the diversity of plant selection by mule deer. Mule deer started selecting bitterbrush as it started to thrive after removals.
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How bad can it be to perform helicopter captures on mule deer, apparently not that bad? There is less than a 2 percent mortality rate 3 weeks after capture. almost 2400 deer were sampled and monitored.
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Researchers looked into whether hunting pressure would speed up the timing of the autumn migration. The answer is no but, showed that there were specific habitat requirements based on the individual's sex.
A hippopotamus swallowed a 2-year-old boy in Uganda and regurgitated him back onto the ground when attacked by a bystander.
Chukars require canopy cover to protect them from avian predators when coming to a watering hole. They prefer about 11% cover to protect them from the predators flying above.
Elk (Cervus canadensis) normally select an area after a disturbance due to the fact they open up the understory and allow the grasses to grow tall. This is not the case in the beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) killed forest. Researchers believe that the increase in deadfall as well as a change in thermoregulation will cause elk to avoid the areas.
How do wildlife managers know what is suitable habitat for a species? They used to draw a circle around an area and call it good. Now biologists and researchers use various methods from GPS collars to fecal samples to help determine the best sites.
The size of a population can have both a positive impact as well as a negative. Populations that suffer from a negative density dependence can find their population on a decline and suffering from the dramatic effects of competition, disease, and parasite loads. There is a balance and it changes from season to season. What was good one year will change the next.
Porcupine quill migration is a thing. Porcupine quill once embedded into a victim will continue to migrate until it reaches the other side. Animals have been found will quills embedded in bone, muscle, and internal organs.
Mule deer have a preference when selecting locations for bedding times. They also have a preference based on the sex of the animal as well.
Many species of fish use many ways to help them migrate to their destinations. Some of those ways are the sun, temperature, and magnetic fields.
Why are you involved with wildlife? What is the motivating factor? Political beliefs are often put aside when you get down to the core of why you are involved. Whats your reason and how can you stay involved?
If possible what species of wildlife would you like to see roaming in your area if you could be a wildlife manager for a day? Would it be bison, grizzlies, big horn sheep, or mountain lions?
It's easy in today's world to dismiss the opinions of those we disagree with. Take a breath and think of their perspective and what is their ultimate goal. Also, research that we find unfavorable is still valuable research that we to understand and help us to know if our perspective is correct.
Multiple stake holders make wildlife management a challenge. The days of biologists doing what they want are past. With the internet and social media and big money involved staked holders are now demanding a seat at the decision table more than ever before.
During hunting season elk often leave their normal areas of use and find themselves on private land. By using GPS collars researchers are tracking and monitoring elk as they travel from highly used areas by the public to areas of low use by private landowners. Meaning elk understand who owns the land and how its used increases their survivability.
Unit management plans allow the public to understand what is happening with a unit and why it is being managed the way it is for each species. Understanding unit plans will help you know the prime units and why other areas seem to have no bucks. Get informed by reading those plans.
Ranchers in conflict with bison over range feed have found that the true culprit is not bison but actually jackrabbits.
Can you even call yourself a shed hunter if you never found a pelican shed? Pelicans grow a horn during mating season and shed it during incubation.
Hares and rabbits are caecotrophs, which means they digest their food twice. Meaning it goes in the mouth twice and out the bottom end twice. Be wary of kissing caecotrophs.
Species that are on a decline can find themselves in a vortex a constant downward spiral to extinction.
Thresholds of Potential Concern once reached are hard to reverse and need to be identified quickly.
Mathematicians are using models from game theory to help predict the decision-making of different species as well as stop poachers.
Animals that setup up territories have more to fight for than those that are looking for territories.
Mayflies emerging at the same time, and mule deer fawns dropping at the same time are evolutionary strategies that groups have developed to dilute the possibility of being targeted by predators.
Male Sage Grouse get more mates because of the size of their sacks, display, and dominance on the dance floor.
This week's question is.There are several areas within the district that either do not have turkeys or have very few turkeys. Many of these areas are agricultural areas surrounded by private land. We trap and relocate many turkeys each year within this region. Please describe your philosophy in creating and increasing opportunity within this area.
My name is Nick Madsen and these are the reasons I started my podcast.
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