samsplaining science: Recent Episodes

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On this episode, sam-splains the keys to scientific literacy! How should I search for an article? What types of articles should I read? How do I read a research article? Tune in as Sam gives you some pro-tips to scientific literacy!

Sources:

1. Jarry J, McGill University Office for Science and Society, “Doing Your Own Research A Little Bit Better”. (2022). Link: https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/critical-thinking/doing-your-own-research-little-bit-better

2. Kelly Y et al. EClinical Medicine, The Lancet Psychiatry. (2018). Link: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(18)30060-9/fulltext

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On this episode, sam-splains social media and discusses some recent studies on associations between social media use and mental health and well being.

References:

1) Kross E et al. Trends in Cognitive Sciences. CellPress. (2021). Link: https://www.cell.com/trends/cognitive-sciences/fulltext/S1364-6613(20)30251-5?dgcid=raven_jbs_etoc_email

2) Kelly Y et al. The Lancet Psychiatry. (2018). Link: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/PIIS2589-5370(18)30060-9/fulltext

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On this episode, sam-splains aging! She’s goin gray and tryna figure out why!

note - for question 2 at ~37ish mins - Bcl-2 typically prevents apoptosis! Sorry I got confused there!!!

References:

Gilbert SF. Developmental Biology. 6th edition. Sunderland (MA): Sinauer Associates; 2000. Aging: The Biology of Senescence. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK10041/

Jo SK et al., 2018. Annals of Dermatology. Link: https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1097520

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In this episode, sam-splains tattoos! Specifically, we learn about skin, how/why tattoos are permanent in the skin, and what sorts of health risks may (or may not) be associated with getting tattoos!

References:

1) NCI-National Cancer Institute SEER Training Program. US Department of Health and Human Services. Link: https://training.seer.cancer.gov/melanoma/anatomy/layers.html

2) Serup, J. et al., 2015. Curr Probl Dermatol. 48:48-60. Link: https://karger.com/books/book/174/chapter/5110237/Tattoo-Complaints-and-Complications-Diagnosis-and

3) What Makes Tattoos Permanent? TEDTalk link: https://www.ted.com/talks/claudia_aguirre_what_makes_tattoos_permanent?subtitle=en&trigger=5s

4) Food and Drug Administration. Think Before You Ink: Tattoo Safety. (2023). https://www.fda.gov/consumers/consumer-updates/think-you-ink-tattoo-safety

5) Cohen, PR. Tattoo-Associated Viral Infections: A Review. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol. 2021. Link: https://doi.org/10.2147%2FCCID.S284796

6) Dieckmann R et al., The Risk of Bacterial Infection After Tattooing. Dtsch Arztebl Inc. 2016. Link: https://doi.org/10.3238%2Farztebl.2016.0665

7) Lebhar et al., Skin cancers arising within tattoos: a systematic review. JAAD Int. 2024. Link: https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.jdin.2024.03.015

8) Nielsen et al., Tattoos as a risk factor for malignant lymphoma: a population-based case-control study. eClinicalMedicine May 2024. Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102649

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Sam's bringing the podcast back! The return episode doesn't have much science, but does have some general updates about the show!!

Links below if you'd like to donate to a few Orgs that I've been supporting recently!

1) World Central Kitchen: https://wck.org/donate

2) Doctors Without Borders: https://donate.doctorswithoutborders.org/secure/cro-26-paidsearch?ms=ADD2310U1U90&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_campaign=BRAND.DWB_CKMSF-BRAND.DWB-GS-GS-ALL-DonateDWB.E-BO-ALL-RSA-RSARefresh.2-MONTHLY&gclid=CjwKCAjw7s20BhBFEiwABVIMraWxZ6iNQL29uNBRBmkQL5qv3KTgQORjEgzSI3fhynMhvQc31RbRVxoC-F4QAvD_BwE

3) Palestine Children's Relief Fund: https://pcrf1.app.neoncrm.com/forms/general

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Sam-splains Alzheimer’s again, but this time with some new developments! After a brief overview of AD, we’ll cover more details on the two FDA-approved drugs for Alzheimer’s disease!

Sources:

1. DeTure, M.A. and D.W. Dickson, The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (2019). Molecular Neurodegeneration. Link: https://molecularneurodegeneration.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13024-019-0333-5

2. Jack Jr., C.R. Advances in Alzheimer’s disease research over the past two decades. (2022). The Lancet: Neurology. Link: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/laneur/article/PIIS1474-4422(22)00298-8/fulltext?rss=yes

3. Budd Haeberlein, S. et al., Two Randomized Phase 3 Studies of Aducanumab in Early Alzheimer’s Disease. (2022). J Prev Alz Dis. Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.14283/jpad.2022.30#Sec1

4. Van Dyck, C.H. et al., (2023) Lecanemab in Early Alzheimer’s Disease. New England Journal of Medicine. Link: https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa2212948?casa_token=qkYGev7AwsYAAAAA:vD_ugKbJNcPeObft8__OTpfOcivgrZV-0Mnz8XjcTN0-wluZOuBVuNiX0hUXXo23HcO--yhB2HSwSgA

5. Reardon, S. (2023) FDA Approved Alzheimer’s drug lecanemab amid safety concerns. Nature: News. Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-023-00030-3

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This week we’re talking pet - but not the cute and cuddly kind! The imaging kind! Positron Emission Tomography or PET imaging is a technique used in clinical settings and in research to better understand the biology of the body. Sam-splains the physics behind it and the biological applications that benefit from it!

Review Article Source:

1. Townsend, D.W. Physical Principles and Technology of Clinical PET Imaging. (2004). Annals Academy of Medicine. Link: https://annals.edu.sg/pdf200403/V33N2p133.pdf

Example PET Image Sources:

1. Finnema, S.J. Kinetic evaluation and test-retest reproducibility of [11C]UCB-J, a novel radioligand for positron emission tomography imaging of synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A. (2018). J of Cereb Blood Flow and Metab. Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28792356/

2. Miranda, D.M. et al., Molecular medicine: A path towards personalized medicine. (2012). Rev. Bras. Psiqui. Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221889984_Molecular_medicine_A_path_towards_a_personalized_medicine

3. Chapleau, M. et al., The Role of Amyloid PET in Imaging Neurodegenerative Disorders: A Review. (2022) J of Nucl Med. Link: https://jnm.snmjournals.org/content/63/Supplement_1/13S

4. Holmes, S.E., et al., Lower synaptic density is associated with depression severity and network alterations. (2019). Nature Comms. Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-09562-7#Sec1

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It’s the first (and maybe last idk lol) samsplaining science state of the union (SSSOTU)!

PLEASE take this short (<5min) ANONYMOUS survey!!!! 

Link here: https://forms.gle/io1jEhEJiBmW2CQN6 

Thank you love you have a good day talk to you later bye!!!

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Did I waste my money on blue light glasses? On this episode of the podcast, let’s learn about blue light, how it can impact sleep, and whether blue light glasses help or not.

Sources (in order of reference):

Wahl, S. et al., The inner clock - Blue light sets the human rhythm. (2019) Journal of Biophotonics. Link: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jbio.201900102

Bigalke, J.A. et al., Effect of evening blue light blocking glass on subjective and objective sleepe in healthy adults: A randomized control trial. (2021). Sleep Health. Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352721821000127?casa_token=BnnPpvDgQWEAAAAA:hk5RSAp2XbX2ZHYYbzfjtdd_h23TNc_boWm_prHwgXLhcEKxydXTQ1RReFcVTrYEtDPfpIlt7Q

Singh, S. et al., Do Blue-blocking Lenses Reduce Eye Strain from Extended Screen Time? A Double-Masked Randomized Controlled Trial. (2021). American Journal of Ophthalmology. Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0002939421000726?casa_token=MXT9-ifuHIsAAAAA:zFIQhooApkyVJqLKDJ-qUrYiY-31Ce1g_93jjD4PEeMuSIKn4dp7OPManwcBeKVbmQ5q17uang

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It's what we in ~the biz~ call a callback! For the last episode of 2022, we’re revisiting the FIRST episode of samsplaining science! Let’s talk more about the science of goal setting! I’m also sharing what science-backed tips I’m taking with me into 2023 to reach my goals!

Source:

Locke, E.A., and Latham G.P., (2015). Chapter Four: Breaking the Rules: A Historical Overview of Goal-Setting Theory. Advances in Motivation Science, Volume 2. Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S221509191500005X?casa_token=HQOMoHx4SDAAAAAA:vfrE2fu-oWaU0UcSkJLTzE1JTk4VpMXcw-IFll3Sb1fqU0qPIy3clSIjAD2J66TR3T0ZUizKAw

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In this episode, we’re learning about how the ear senses and processes sound! Also, we time travel back to 4 weeks ago when Spotify Wrapped was still relevant! Fun!

Sources:

1. Deshpande, S. et al., (2019). System to Transform Sound Energy into Electricity. Proceedings on ICNNEE2019. Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/338391273_System_to_Transform_Sound_Energy_Into_Electricity

2. Manhattan Neighborhood Network. (2022). The Basics of Sound: What are Frequency and Amplitude? Link: https://www.mnn.org/blog/basics-sound-what-are-frequency-and-amplitude#:~:text=Amplitude%20describes%20the%20power%20of,per%20second%20is%20the%20frequency.

3. Alberti, P. W. (2001). The anatomy and physiology of the ear and hearing. Occupational exposure to noise: Evaluation, prevention, and control, 53-62. Link: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C33&q=peter+w.+alberti+anatomy+and+physiology+of+the+ear+and+hearing&btnG=

4. Cortada, M. et al., (2021). mTOR Signalling in the Inner Ear as a Potential Target to Treat Hearing Loss. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Link: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/352408655_mTOR_Signaling_in_the_Inner_Ear_as_Potential_Target_to_Treat_Hearing_Loss

5. Lesica, N.A. et al., (2021). Harnessing the power of artificial intelligence to transform hearing healthcare and research. Nature Machine Intelligence. Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s42256-021-00394-z

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In the spirit of the Thanksgiving holiday, we’re talking about gratitude! What it is, how it can be good for us, and what’s going on in our brains when we process and experience gratitude!

Sources:

1. Burton, L.R. Discovering the Health and Wellness Benefits of Gratitude. Wharton Club at the University of Pennsylvania. Link: https://www.whartonhealthcare.org/discovering_the_health

2. Fox, G.R. et al., Neural Correlates of Gratitude. (2015). Frontiers in Psychology. Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01491/full

3. Henning, M., A Potential Role for mu-Opioids in Mediating the Positive Effects of Gratitude. (2017). Frontiers in Psychology. Review. Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00868/full

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Let’s talk about some ethical atrocities in the history of science!

Links:

History of Bioethics: https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/resources/bioethics/timeline/index.cfm

Read more about the U.S. Public Health Service Syphilis Study at Tuskegee: https://www.cdc.gov/tuskegee/index.html

Read more about the Stanley Milgram Shock Experiment: https://www.simplypsychology.org/milgram.html and https://nature.berkeley.edu/ucce50/ag-labor/7article/article35.htm

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This week we’re learning about clinical trials! We’ll cover some basics of clinical trials, learn some buzzwords, and learn about the different clinical trial Phases!

Sources

1. National Institutes of Health - U.S. National Library of Medicine. “Learn About Clinical Studies”. Link: https://beta.clinicaltrials.gov/about-studies

2. The Basics | NIH Clinical Trials and You. National Institutes of Health. Link: https://www.nih.gov/health-information/nih-clinical-research-trials-you/basics

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HELLO U.S. FRIENDS PLEASE DON’T FORGET TO VOTE!!!! GO TO iwillvote.com TO GET UR $#!+ TOGETHER, AND MAKE SURE YOUR VOICE IS HEARD AND YOUR BALLOT IS CAST BY TUESDAY NOV 8!!!!!

Since the creator/writer/host/producer of samsplaining science values a democracy, Sam took to an instagram poll to decide this week’s topic – the science of swearing!

Sources:

1. Van Lanket D. and Cummings, J.L., Expletives: neurolinguistic and neurobbehavioral perspectives on swearing. (1999). Brain Research Reviews. Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10611497/

2. Stapleton, K. et al., The power of swearing: What we know and what we don’t. (2022). Lingua. Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/sdfe/reader/pii/S002438412200170X/pdf

3. Stephens, R. and Robertson, O. Swearing as a Response to Pain: Assessing Hypoalgesic Effects of Novel “Swear” Words. (2020). Frontiers in Psychology. Link: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00723/full

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On this episode, sam-splains respiratory syncytial virus (R.S.V.). Let’s learn about the symptoms of r.s.v., how it’s transmitted, and how we can prevent it! We’ll also learn about two ongoing clinical trials that are exploring vaccinations for populations at high risk for severe RSV infection!

Sources:

1. RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection (RSV). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2022). Link: https://www.cdc.gov/rsv/index.html

2. What is RSV? What are RSV Risks and Symptoms? Link: https://www.synagis.com/what-is-rsv.html

3. Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) meeting @ CDC - Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccines for Older Adults and for Maternal/Pediatrics: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/slides-2022-10-19-20.html

4. “Nirsevimab for the prevention of RSV in all infants”. Nirsevimab by AstraZeneca and Sanofi. ACIP Presentation slides - October 20, 2022. Link: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/slides-2022-10-19-20/02-RSV-Mat-Ped-Felter-508.pdf

5. “Safety and Efficacy of Bivalent RSV Prefusion F Vaccine in Adults >= 60 Years of Age”. RENOIR by Pfizer. ACIP Presentation slides - October 20, 2022. Link: https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/acip/meetings/downloads/slides-2022-10-19-20/03-RSV-Adults-Gurtma-508.pdf

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This week, Sam-splains why the leaves change color in the fall - after a quick summary of what makes a plant a plant! (not quick)

Sources:

1. SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry | Why Leaves Change Color. Link: https://www.esf.edu/pubprog/brochure/leaves/leaves.htm

2. Fecht, S. How Climate Change Impacts Fall Foliage. Columbia Climate School – State of the Planet. (2022). Link: https://news.climate.columbia.edu/2022/09/26/how-does-climate-change-impact-fall-foliage/?utm_source=newsletter&utm_medium=email&utm_campaign=spotlight101022

3. Additional figures in slides from from BioRender (BioRender.com), the Smithsonian Science Education Center (https://ssec.si.edu/stemvisions-blog/what-photosynthesis) and Khan Academy (https://www.khanacademy.org/science/ap-biology/cellular-energetics#photosynthesis)

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On this week’s episode of the podcast, we’re talking about the science of baking - inspired by the new season of the Great British Baking Show, now on Netflix (sponsor me pls, Paul and Prue).

Sources

1. Ali, A., et al., Yeast, its types and role in fermentation during bread making process-A Review (2012). Pak. J. Food Sci. Link: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/A-Shehzad/publication/328052441_Yeast_its_types_and_role_in_fermentation_during_bread_making_process-_A_review/links/5bb52d78299bf13e605daffe/Yeast-its-types-and-role-in-fermentation-during-bread-making-process-A-review.pdf

2. Michaela Ureta, M. et al., Water transport during bread baking: impact of the baking temperature and the baking time (2018). Food Science and Technology International. Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1082013218814144?casa_token=PZ04TrFSxs4AAAAA:xCPZuNHNEK7maUdR6OuSel-SpwI3Il6xN_9w4pnnksjTwXOnLCHEY-SdEo2o4BrZOkT-g9CwV-TY

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Get your boost on, baby!

Sam is bivalently boosted, and in this episode, we’re talking about why that’s important and why we should care!

Source:

Chalkias, S. et al., A Bivalent Omicron-Containing Booster Vaccine Against COVID-19 (2022). New England Journal of Medicine. Link: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMoa2208343

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This week’s episode of the podcast is brought to you by COFFEE. Actually, every week’s episode is. But in THIS episode, we’re talking about coffee - how it gives us energy and the effect it has on our body!

Sources -

Van Dam, RM., et al., Coffee, Caffeine, and Health. (2020). N Eng J Med. Link: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMra1816604

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This week’s episode of the podcast covers the short and long term effects of alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorder!

Sources:

1. Find more education resources at the National Institute for Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism’s website: https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/

2. Boersma, P., Villarroel, M.A. & Vahratian, A. (2020) Heavy drinking among US adults, 2018. NCHS Data Brief. Link: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db374-h.pdf

3. Mannes, Z. L. , et. al., (2021). Correlates of mild, moderate, and severe Alcohol Use Disorder among adults with problem substance use: Validity implications for DSM-5. Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34581461/

3a. My article about Mannes, et al., (2021). : https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/postdocsociety/2022/09/02/alcohol-use-disorder-diagnosis/

Alcohol Use Disorder Resources:

1. NIAAA - https://alcoholtreatment.niaaa.nih.gov/

2. Alcoholics anonymous - https://aa.org/

3. SAMHSA - Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration national helpline - 24/7 365, 1-800-662-HELP(4357) or go to https://findtreatment.samhsa.gov/ to find treatment near you!

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This week on the podcast, we’re tackling misinformation!! Sam-splains what misinformation is, how it spreads, how we’re susceptible to misinformation, and how to combat it!

Source:

Van der Linden, S. Misinformation: susceptibility, spread, and interventions to immunize the public. (2022). Nature Medicine. Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01713-6

Additional/Supplemental reading:

1. West, JD. and Bergstrom, CT., Misinformation in and about science. (2021). Proc Natl Acad Sci. Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8054004/

2. Wang, Y., McKee, M, Torbia, A. and Stuckler, D. (2019). Systematic Literature Review on the Spread of Health-related Misinformation on Social Media. Social Science & Medicine. Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7117034/pdf/main.pdf

3. Swire-Thompson, B., and Lazer, D. Public Health and Online Misinformation: Challenges and Recommendations.(2020). Annual Reviews. Link: https://www.annualreviews.org/doi/pdf/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-040119-094127

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Let’s talk about STATS, baby! Let’s talk about mu and p! Let’s talk about all the good things and the bad things math can be!

DON’T RUN AWAY. Yes - we’re talking about statistics. Yes - it is kinda confusing and also pretty boring. BUT IT’S IMPORTANT! Without statistics, science is NOTHING! So we’ll respect it (for today’s episode, at least!)

Sources:

1. Marshall, G. and Jonker, L., An introduction to descriptive statistics: A review and practical guide. (2010). Radiography. Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1078817410000027?casa_token=hMK8iYJ54kIAAAAA:kgZmt-fzeM6XlJzboKBEKoHotzPfuh1QMI0V9y0-kXB2jjcqk2k__Qck_nNfP9pHv_B3QY8k9g

2. Emmert-Streib, F. and Dehmer, M., Understanding Statistical Hypothesis Testing: The Logical of Statistical Inference. (2019). Machine Learning & Knowledge Extraction. Link: https://www.mdpi.com/2504-4990/1/3/54

3. Khan Academy - Link: https://www.khanacademy.org/math/statistics-probability/modeling-distributions-of-data/normal-distributions-library/a/normal-distributions-review

4. Statology: Two Sample T-test - Link: https://www.statology.org/two-sample-t-test/

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This week, sam-splains SPACE! Let’s learn about the James Webb Space Telescope and talk about those stunningly beautiful gorgeous amazing incredible pictures together!

Sources:

1. WebbSpace Telescope. NASA. link: https://www.jwst.nasa.gov/index.html

2. NASA/JWST Twitter Accounts: twitter.com/NASA ; twitter.com/NASAWebb ; twitter.com/SpaceTelescope

3. The James Webb Space Telescope Observatory - NASA Mission Pages. Link: https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/webb/observatory/index.html

4. Diffraction Spikes - Link: https://webbtelescope.org/contents/media/images/01G529MX46J7AFK61GAMSHKSSN

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Aaaaand we’re back! Welcome to Summer School! This week, sam-splains the great outdoors and walks through some studies that look at how time spent outdoors is related to both mental and physical health!

Sources:

1. Belanger M, et al., Physical activity mediates the relationship between outdoor time and mental health. (2019) Preventative Medicine Reports. Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211335519301779

2. Twohig-Bennett, C. and Jones, A. The Health Benefits of the great outdoors: A systematic review and meta-analysis of greenspace exposure and health outcomes. (2018). Environmental Research. Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0013935118303323

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June is Alzheimer’s Disease Awareness Month! In this episode of the podcast, sam-splains Alzheimer’s disease in a societal and neurobiological context. We also talk about aducanumab - the drug that was FDA approved for Alzheimer’s Disease last year!

Sources:

1. DeTure, M.A. and D.W. Dickson, The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (2019). Molecular Neurodegeneration. Link: https://molecularneurodegeneration.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13024-019-0333-5

2. Budd Haeberlein, S. et al., Two Randomized Phase 3 Studies of Aducanumab in Early Alzheimer’s Disease. (2022). J Prev Alz Dis. Link: https://link.springer.com/article/10.14283/jpad.2022.30#Sec1

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In this episode, sam-splains meditation! What is meditation? What happens in our brains when we meditate? Let’s learn about it together!

Sources:

1. What is Meditation | Headspace. (2022). Link: https://www.headspace.com/meditation-101/what-is-meditation 

2. Vishnubhotla, R.V. et al., Advanced Meditation Alters Resting-State Brain Network Connectivity Correlating With Improved Mindfulness. (2021). Front Psychol.Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8636330/ 

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Let’s learn about consciousness! What even ~is~ consciousness and how can we study it? How does our brain work to help us be aware of and responsive to our surroundings? Sam will splain it to ya!

Sources:

1. Frith, C.D. et al., The Neural Basis of Consciousness (2019). Psychological Medicine. Review. Link: https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/085D31681E604891E411E97077BBA766/S0033291719002204a.pdf/div-class-title-the-neural-basis-of-consciousness-div.pdf 

2. Snider S.B. and Edlow B.L. Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Disorders of Consciousness (2020). Curr Opin Neurol. Review. Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8938962/pdf/nihms-1788618.pdf 

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Sam had COVID! But Sam was vaccinated? How could this have possibly happened?! On this week’s episode we’ll walk through COVID mRNA vaccines and why (mild!!) infections can still occur even if you’ve been vaccinated and boosted!

Sources:

1. Felenstein, S., et al., COVID-19: Immunology and treatment options (2020). Clinical Immunology, Link: https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1521661620303181?

2. Chaplin, D.D., Overview of the Immune Response (2010). J Allergy Clin Immunol. Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2923430/pdf/nihms225107.pdf

3. COVID-19 Vaccines are Effective (2021). Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Link: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/vaccines/effectiveness/index.html

4. Puhach, O. et al., Infectious viral load in unvaccinated and vaccinated individuals infected with ancestral, Delta or Omicron SARS-CoV-2 (2022). Nature Medicine. Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-022-01816-0

Tons of more information resources on Instagram pages like: @niniandthebrain @unbiasedscipod @epidemiologistkat and @jessicamalatyrivera !! Check them out and give them a follow!

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This week on the podcast, samsplains sam! After a brief summary of my resume (and other things that make her a person too I guess) I take some of your questions that were submitted to instagram!

20 episodes in, it’s nice to meet ya!

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This week sam-splains neuroplasticity - how our brain works, and how it can change and adapt to new things in our environment!

Sources:

1. May, A. Experience-dependent structural plasticity in the adult human brain (2011). Review, Trends in Cognitive Sciences Volume 15 Issue 10. Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1364661311001707?

2. Barnes S.J. and Finnerty G.T. Sensory Experience and Cortical Rewiring (2010). Review. The Neuroscientist Volume 16 Issue 2. Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1073858409343961?

3. Hickmott P.W. and Ethell I.M. Dendritic Plasticity in the Adult Neocortex (2006). Review. The Neuroscientist Volume 12 Issue 1. Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1073858405282417

4. Darian-Smith, C. Synaptic Plasticity, Neurogenesis, and Functional Recovery after Spinal Cord Injury (2009). The Neuroscientist Volume 15 Issue 2. Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1073858408331372?

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This week, we’re talking about burn-out! In 2019, the World Health Organization classified burnout as an occupational phenomenon, and many studies have looked into what causes burnout, how we can prevent it, and the effect it has in different occupational settings. This week, we cover some of those studies and talk about some ways that maybe we can avoid or resolve burnout in our own jobs!

Sources:

1. World Health Organization - “Burn-out an ‘occupational phenomenon’: International Classification of Diseases”. (2019). Link: https://www.who.int/news/item/28-05-2019-burn-out-an-occupational-phenomenon-international-classification-of-diseases

2. Chatterjee, R. and Wronth C., WHO Redefines Burnout at ‘Syndrome’ Linked to Chronic Stress at Work (2019) NPR Morning Edition. Link: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2019/05/28/727637944/who-redefines-burnout-as-a-syndrome-linked-to-chronic-stress-at-work

3. Rupert, P.A. Miller A.O., and Dorociak K.E., Preventing Burnout: What Does the Research Tell Us? (2015). Professional Psychology: Research and Practice Vol. 46 No. 3, 168-174.

4. Schlak, A., et al., Leveraging the Work Environment to Minimize the Negative Impact of Nurse Burnout on Patient Outcomes (2021). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.

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This week, Sam takes a (coincidentally-apt-timed) listener question about abortion. Listen to hear about some science and statistics about abortion in the U.S., the effects abortion has on the patient, as well as how to (and how not to…) reduce abortion rates.

-

I totally understand this is not a topic everyone will want to hear about. Please feel free to skip this episode if you are not interested in it. I hope to see you back next week for more samsplaining science :)

-

Sources:

1. CDC Abortion Surveillance System. Link: https://www.cdc.gov/reproductivehealth/data_stats/abortion.htm

2. The Availability and Use of Medication Abortion (2022). KFF. Link: https://www.kff.org/womens-health-policy/fact-sheet/the-availability-and-use-of-medication-abortion/

3. Gerdts, C., et al., Side Effects, Physical Health Consequences, and Mortality Associated with Abortion and Birth after Unwanted Pregnancy (2015). Women’s Health Issues. Link: https://www.whijournal.com/article/S1049-3867(15)00158-9/fulltext

4. Zane, S., et al., Abortion-Related Mortality in the United States 1998-2010 (2015). CDC study published in Obstetrics & Gynecology.) Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4554338/pdf/nihms718534.pdf

5. Maloney, A. Abortion Ban Leads to More Maternal Deaths in Nicaragua (2009). The Lancet. Link: https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S0140-6736%2809%2961545-2

6. Peipert, J.F., et al., Preventing Unintended Pregnancies by Providing No-Cost Contraception (2012). Obstetrics & Gynecology. Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4000282/

Support if you can/want!

Planned Parenthood: www.weareplannedparenthoodaction.org

The Cut article with Abortion Funds by State: https://www.thecut.com/article/donate-abortion-fund-roe-v-wade-how-to-help.html

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Sam is nothing if not a woman of her word, so this week she’s talking about asparagus pee! First, we cover how urine is produced in the body, and then we get into the burning question of… what’s the deal with asparagus pee?! Learn something new and gain a new tidbit of information to share at your next party*!

*which may or may not keep you from getting an invite back for the next party! Results may vary!

Sources:

1. Chmielewski, C., “Renal anatomy and overview of nephron function.” Nephrology Nursing Journal (2003).

2. Facius A., et al., “What Can Be Learned from Crowdsourced Population Asparagus Urinary Odor Kinetics?” CPT Pharmacometrics Syst. Pharmacol (2019).

3. Markt SC., et al., “Sniffing out significant ‘Pee values’: genome wide association study of asparagus anosmia.” The BMJ (2016).

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April is Stress Awareness Month! On this week’s episode we talk about stress - what exactly it is, how it affects our bodies, and what we can do to manage stress.

Sources:

1. Chrousos, G.P., Stress and Disorders of the stress system. 2009. Nature Reviews Endocrinology. Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrendo.2009.106.pdf

2. Steptoe A. and Kivimaki M., Stress and cardiovascular disease. 2012. Nature Reviews Cardiology. Link: https://www.nature.com/articles/nrcardio.2012.45.pdf

3. Kristeller, J., et al., Effectiveness of a meditation-based stress reduction program in the treatment of anxiety disorders. 1992. American Journal of Psychiatry. Link: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C33&q=Effectiveness+of+a+meditation-based+stress+reduction+program+in+the+treatment+of+anxiety+disorders&btnG=

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It’s the season for sneezin’! This week sam-splains allergies - why pollen makes some of us feel awful, and the current treatments that are out there to help ease our symptoms!

Sources:

1. Allergic Reactions - American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI) https://www.aaaai.org/Tools-for-the-Public/Conditions-Library/Allergies/Allergic-Reactions

2. Hay Fever and Allergy Medications- American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI) link: https://www.aaaai.org/Tools-for-the-Public/Conditions-Library/Allergies/Hay-Fever-Medications

3. Allergy Shots (Immunotherapy) - American Academy of Allergy, Asthma, and Immunology (AAAAI) link: https://www.aaaai.org/Tools-for-the-Public/Conditions-Library/Allergies/Allergy-Shots-(immunotherapy)

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This week sam-splains her favorite thing to talk about besides science - BASEBALL. She covers baseball basics before jumping into the mathy nerdy side of baseball - analytics! PLAY BALL (and let’s go yankees, obviously). 

Thanks to the Glossaries at:

• https://www.baseball-reference.com/ 

• https://www.fangraphs.com/ 

• https://www.mlb.com/ 

for helping me with my stats understanding! :) 

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Our house is on fire! This week, Sam-splains what’s going on and what we need to do about that little thing called climate change.

Sources:

1. Climate Change Science - Causes of Climate Change - US Environmental Protection Agency. (2022). Link: https://www.epa.gov/climatechange-science/causes-climate-change 

2. Read the FULL IPCC Report here: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ 

3. ….or just read the press release like I did lol link: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/resources/press/press-release 

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To mask, or not to mask? That is the question! Well, one of them! This week on the podcast, we talk about how masks contain respiratory droplets, potentially preventing the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. We also outline the CDC’s recent mask recommendations and other implications/concerns!

Sources:

1. Fischer E., et al., Low-cost measurement of face mask efficacy for filtering expelled droplets during speech (2020). Science Advances. Link: https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.abd3083

2. Howard, J., et al., An evidence review of face masks against COVID-19. (2021). PNAS. Link: https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2014564118

3. Read the recent CDC Mask Guidelines here: cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/prevent-getting-sick/about-face-coverings.html

4. Read about the COVID-19 Community Levels here: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/science/community-levels.html#anchor_47145

5. Check the COVID-19 levels in your county here: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/your-health/covid-by-county.html

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It’s International Women’s Day! This week on the podcast, Sam highlights 4 women scientists who blazed trails in their respective fields and who continue to inspire many. She also shouts out 3 organizations to support in honor of Women’s History Month this month!

Sources

1. Marie Curie - link: https://www.mariecurie.org.uk/who/our-history/marie-curie-the-scientist

2. Katherine Johnson - link: https://www.nasa.gov/content/katherine-johnson-biography

3. Jane Goodall - link: https://janegoodall.org/

4. Sau Lan Wu - link: https://www.aip.org/history-programs/niels-bohr-library/ex-libris-universum/sau-lan-wu-particle-physicist

5. Women In Science Calendar (it’s also a book!) Author and Illustrator - Rachel Ignontofsky

Links for Orgs to support:

1. Girls Who Code - Closing the gender gap in Tech - donate here: girlswhocode.com

2. GirlStart - Empowering young girls in STEM - donate here: girlstart.org

3. CARE - Ukraine Relief - Delivers food, water and hygiene packs to Families, Women, Girls and the Elderly - donate here: care.org/

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Sam went to Vegas! She gambled! She lost money! And now, she’s got QUESTIONS! Let’s talk about scientific studies that have investigated the role of human behavior and emotion in gambling!

Sources:

1. Schreiber J and Dixon MR. Temporal Characteristics of Slot Machine Play in Recreational Gamblers. Psychological Reports (2001). Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2466/pr0.2001.89.1.67?casa_token=ef5Vkxg_44gAAAAA:vtTYci3ha8ymTmGB95dPt0A65MupsWAeUmu5boLeMQnPfQpkk4LIhwgqLv82LK2T8HR38WwVetIy

2. Devos G, Clark L, Maurage P, and Billieux J. Induced Sadness Increases Persistence in a Simulated Slot Machine Task Among Recreational Gamblers. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors/American Psychological Association (2018). Link: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2018-21989-008?casa_token=2TYnDXT6LIQAAAAA:LFCuOzKiHjeAfcA_Wzqj9fXTuJ2ma1U8Z-SUQzbtGp1-MdJagmUoQwSEpwn0evdPV9BKpYvnE67cNPy8LEzc6zM

3. Abbott M., The Epidemiology and Impact of Gambling Disorder and Other Gambling-Related Harm. World Health Organization (2017). Link: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/substance-use/the-epidemiology-and-impact-of-gambling-disorder-and-other-gambling-relate-harm.pdf?sfvrsn=5901c849_2

edit - the 2nd study is out of belgium, not france! Sorry! I’m smart but not always!

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This week on the podcast, Sam-splains COVID-19 infection. How does SARS-CoV-2 infect us? What causes COVID symptoms to arise? How might severe COVID infection affect the brain? Let’s learn a little bit about something that’s been on everyone’s brain/mind for the past 2 years.

Sources:

Harrison, A.G. et al., Mechanisms of SARS-COV-2 Transmission and Pathogenesis (2020). Trends in Immunology - Cell Press Reviews. Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33132005/

Reiken, S. et al., Alzheimer’s-like signaling in brains of COVID-19 patients. (2022). Alzheimer’s & Dementia. Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35112786/

Sam’s Postdoc Press Office article: https://blogs.cuit.columbia.edu/postdocsociety/2022/02/18/tau-about-that/

Science Communicators I follow/stan:

@jessicamalatyrivera - instagram

@epidemiologistkat - instagram/tiktok

@science.sam - instagram

@niniandthebrain - instagram

@scitimewithtracy - tiktok

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This week on the podcast, Sam-splains love! Ever wondered what hormones and chemicals that affect us when we’re in love? Or how about what’s happening in our Brian’s when we’re in love? Sam’s got you covered. Just don’t ask her what love is, she not answering that one. Tune in to learn about the science of love and hear Sam laugh too hard at too many of her own jokes.

Alexa, remind me to go to Walgreens before it closes today.

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Did you know February is American Heart Month? On this week’s episode, Sam talks about the circulatory system - the heart and blood vessels! She also talks about cardiovascular diseases and risk factors for heart disease. And, as always, there are bad jokes and struggles with words galore!

Sources:

Gavaghan, M. Cardiac Anatomy and Physiology: A Review (1998). AORN Journal. Link: https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C33&q=Cardiac+Anatomy+and+Physiology%3A+A+Review&btnG=

Berry, J.D. et al., Lifetime Risks of Cardiovascular Disease (2010). The New England Journal of Medicine. Link: https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1012848?articleTools=true

Learn more about your heart health and help the American Heart Association at: heart.org/

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To honor the first day of Black History Month, Sam highlights four Historical Black Figures in Science and their contributions to their fields of study! She also highlights 3 non-profits that support Black students in STEM!

Resources to Learn More:

1. Tretkoff, E., June 1876: Edward Bouchet becomes the first African American PhD in physics. (2007). American Physical Society News. https://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200706/history.cfm

2. Percy Lavon Julian. Science History Institute. https://www.sciencehistory.org/historical-profile/percy-lavon-julian

3. Alexander, K.L. Mae Jemison. (2019). National Women’s History Museum. https://www.womenshistory.org/education-resources/biographies/mae-jemison

4. Skloot, Rebecca. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks. New York, NY, Broadway Paperbacks, 2011.

Learn more about the Highlighted Non-Profit Orgs and Donate here:

Colorstack - https://www.colorstack.org/

Black Girls CODE - https://www.blackgirlscode.com/

The Hidden Genius Project - https://www.hiddengeniusproject.org/

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This week, sam-splains seasonal affective disorder. Specifically - how are symptoms of SAD Diagnosed, who is affected by SAD, the underlying biology of SAD, and some treatment/management options for SAD.

Sources:

Seasonal Affective Disorder: An Overview of Assessment and Treatment Approaches - Sherri Melrose (2015). Link

Learn more: https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/publications/seasonal-affective-disorder

Resources:

If you or someone you know is struggling with depression, please check out these resources:

National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) - https://www.nami.org/Home

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) - https://www.samhsa.gov/ ; 24/7/365 confidential, free hotline for treatment referral and information: 1-800-662-4357

National Suicide Prevention Lifeline - ​​https://suicidepreventionlifeline.org/ ; free, confidential 24/7/365 Crisis Hotliine: 1-800-273-8255

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Today Sam defies the laws of grammar and makes her case for using science as a verb. She talks about the sciencing process and all the joy and pain that comes with it. It’s truly a stellar episode.

Sources:

Sam’s experiences, anecdotes, life, etc.

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“The grind don’t stop”, you say? Well, maybe it should. This week, Sam-splains sleep - what happens in our brain while we’re unconscious for hours on end each night, and outlines some studies that show that the consistent 6-8 hours/night are so important for our mental and physical health! Hopefully this very interesting episode won’t … put you to sleep (I’m SORRY).

Sources:

Nayak CS, Anilkumar AC. EEG Normal Waveforms. [Updated 2021 Jul 31]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK539805/

Patel AK, Reddy V, Araujo JF. Physiology, Sleep Stages. [Updated 2021 Apr 22]. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2021 Jan-. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK526132/

National Institute of General Medical Sciences. Circadian Rhythms. [Updated Sep 9 21]. Available from: https://www.nigms.nih.gov/education/fact-sheets/Pages/circadian-rhythms.aspx

Motomura Y, Katsunuma R, Yoshimura M, Mishima K. Two Days' Sleep Debt Causes Mood Decline During Resting State Via Diminished Amygdala-Prefrontal Connectivity. Sleep. 2017 Oct 1;40(10). doi: 10.1093/sleep/zsx133. PMID: 28977527. Available from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28977527/

Cabeza de Baca, Tomás et al. “Sleep debt: the impact of weekday sleep deprivation on cardiovascular health in older women.” Sleep vol. 42,10 (2019): zsz149. doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz149 PMID: 31361895. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6783901/

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Happy 2022! Making a New Year’s Resolution this year? Any goals you want to achieve over the next 12 months (or less!)? For the first official episode of Samsplaining Science, we’re talking about setting goals, and learning some science-based tips to best set ourselves up to achieve our goals! Bonus: Sam’s “um” to “goal” ratio is 1:1, at approximately 140,000 times each in under 40 minutes! Somebody call Guinness because that’s gotta be a record.

Link to Locke and Latham paper: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-8721.2006.00449.x Locke E.A. and Latham G.P., New Directions in Goal-Setting Theory. (2006) Current Directions in Psychological Science.

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hello! welcome to samsplaining science, a weekly podcast where some chick named sam explains science, laughs at her own jokes, cringes at her own jokes, and struggles to not use filler words every other word (um, uh, like, etc….sorry in advance for those).

Today's teaser episode is brought to you by: me. You're welcome.

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