Reason Through: Recent Episodes
Jacob Garcia
Reason Through is a podcast dedicated to having charitable philosophical discussions and to help you the listener develop and reason through your views.
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Martin Roth. They speak on his book Philosophical Foundation in Neurolaw. The speak on Free will, Determinism, and Compatibilism. They speak on if Determinism is true, can we be held morally responsible for our actions? They also speak on whether Determinism is compatible with Free will.
Link to Dr Roth’s book and email:
Here
martin.roth@drake.edu
Where to find me
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\
In this episode Jacob speaks with Assyriologist Josh Bowen. We speak on his one of his recent books The Atheist Handbook to the Old Testament. We speak on some of the chapters that are found in the book.
Where to find Dr. Bowen and his work
YouTube channel: www.YouTube.com/digitalhammurabi Website: www.digitalhammurabi.com Twitter: @djhammurabi1 & @digi_hammurabi Books: Did the Old Testament Endorse Slavery?https://tinyurl.com/y4khp2fw The Atheist Handbook to the Old Testament, Volume One: https://tinyurl.com/akb9wzex Learning to Pray in a Dead Language:https://tinyurl.com/24p35cwzLearn to Read Ancient Sumerian: https://tinyurl.com/huyetmrr Where to find me Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.comTwitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Duncan Pritchard. They speak on knowledge; they also speak on his work bringing philosophy to the prison system. They also speak on education and intellectual virtues.
Where to find Dr. Pritchardwebsite: https://www.duncanpritchard.org
Books: https://www.duncanpritchard.org/books
Where to find me
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Chris Ranalli on his work closed minded belief, indoctrination and echo chambers. The speak on the difference between indoctrination and education and whether echo chambers can be good.
Where of find Dr. Ranalli
Website: https://chris-ranalli.weebly.com
Papers:
- Indoctrination: What is it to indoctrinate someone? (2022,1000-word Philosophy)- Closed-minded belief and Indoctrination (2022, American Philosophical Quarterly) Where to find me:Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthroughEmail: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Daniel Layman on his co-authored book Is Political authority an Illusion? The speak on if the state is a legitimate authority, life in the state of nature, and civil disobedience.
Where to find Dr. Layman and his work
Is Political Authority an Illusion?
Locke Among the Radicals: Liberty and Property in the Nineteenth Century
Locke Studies
Where to find me
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Carolyn Dicey Jennings on her work done within philosophy of mind, perception, and neuroscience.
Where to support Dr. Jennings
Book: The Attending Mind
Website
Twitter: https://twitter.com/diceyjennings
Where to find me
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
In this episode Neuroscientist Hannah Critchlow. They speak on her book The Science of Fate: The New Science of Who We Are and How to Shape our Best Future.
Where to find Dr. Critchlow:
Science of Fate
Website
TedX Talk
Where to find me: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\ Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChf9LUsSl0vOKTLmX8iMEbw
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Chad Bogosian. Dr. Bogosian presents a cosmological argument for God's existences. They speak on multiple topics such as the principle of sufficient reason, necessary and contingent beings.
Where to find me
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChf9LUsSl0vOKTLmX8iMEbw
In this Jacob speak speaks with Psychologist Martin Doherty. They speak on his work on childcare and their relation to Theory of Mind. In short this is the ability to infer others' thoughts and feelings.
Where to find Dr. Doherty: Here
In this episode, Jacob gives brief introduction on meta-ethics.
Transcript:
Hello and welcome back to season 2 of the reason through podcast. It’s been while and hope to get back to uploading more regularly. As a way of creating new content, I will be uploading introductory audio videos! The first series is going to be on ethics. We will going over how various philosophers have answered the questions of why be moral? Are there moral facts? Is Morality relative? In this episode we will be going over Meta-ethics. So let’s begin.
Now ethics, in general is a branch of philosophy that deals with right and wrong, good and bad. Moral knowledge. Contrasted with say, epistemology that deals with understanding the relationship between justification, belief, and knowledge. In general, from what I have found, is that most people, when engaging in ethics are endorsing some sort of moral philosophy. For example, have you ever had a moral disagreement with a person, and the person responds with “that’s just your opinion”. Now, at first glance this seems like this person may be endorsing some sort of subjective moral framework, but that needs to be discussed with said person to find out their view, so keep that in mind, don’t assume, ask questions to gain clarity.
Meta- ethics is not about assessing what one should do in a particular situation. For example, meta-ethics is not going to inform you should lie to Nazi’s or whether its permissible to lie. Meta- ethics is concerned with the following.
- the semantic function of moral discourse, meaning when one makes a moral statement are they expressing a fact or emotion as an example.
- Are there moral properties, do they exist? If they do, what are they like?
- Can we have moral knowledge? How do we know our moral judgement is true or false?
- Moral psychology, how does our motivation relate to moral action?
- Can moral judgments be right or wrong? Is there a truth behind the matter?
These are the questions meta ethics seeks to answer. These questions are not exhaustive but are meant to give an understanding of the difference between this discipline and others. To further illustrate here are some examples of meta ethical theories. Moral realism, non-cognitivism, error-theory, and moral anti-realism. In proceeding episodes, I will go over these theories in more detail as this is just a pre-liminary sketch of the philosophical terrain.
To start, there are typically two camps of moral judgment that informs a meta ethical theory. They are cognitivism one side, and non-cognitivism on the other. Cognitivists think when one makes a moral judgment, they are expressing a belief. This is crucial. If the cognitivists are right, say when make the utterance abortion is wrong or abortion is permissible. I am uttering a belief. If I am uttering a belief then this can be true or false, this is typically labeled truth apt. Beliefs fall under the category of being true or false. In contrast, the non-cognitivist will deny or not accept one is expressing a belief. Instead, when one is expressing a moral utterance, they are expression an emotion or desire. Desire and emotion are not truth apt. Therefore, moral judgments cannot be true or false. This might be a little tricky, so I will try to be clear, it may be true that one can have a desire, such as, I have the desire to learn moral philosophy it does not follow though that the desire itself can be true or false.
As stated earlier the cognitivists and non-cognitivists will inform which meta ethical theory one subscribes to. Each theory has its strengths and its weaknesses. I hope this overview has helped! When you find yourself engaged in moral discourse. Remember to ask questions, gain clarity on what the person is trying to convey whether or not they have thought about meta ethics.
In the next episode in this series. We will be looking at G.E. Moores attack on Ethical Naturalism. In short Ethical Naturalism is Cognitivist’s view that claims moral facts exist, and moral properties are reducible to physical facts and thus under the umbrella to be discovered by the empirical sciences.
That concludes this episode. I will leave a transcript of what I’ve said in this episode. See you next time.
In this episode Jacob speaks on the state of the podacast and gives general reflections on what's to come with the new year.
Where to find me:
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UChf9LUsSl0vOKTLmX8iMEbw
Facebook: facebook.com/jacob.garcia.908132
Music:
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In this episode Jacob speaks with Clinical Psychologist Steven Hayes. They speak on his work within psychology specifically behavior analysis. Steven Hayes and others have developed a modern approach centered around Relational Fram Theory (RFT) and Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) reshaping the way we think about behavior.
Where to find Dr. Hayes
website: https://stevenchayes.com
Books by Dr. Hayes
A Liberated Mind: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0735214018/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_89M70NN49CTWA78QFW6N
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy https://www.amazon.com/dp/1462528945/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_E1RKSJDHJRH332RBJ5DE
Get out of your mind and into your life: https://www.amazon.com/dp/1572244259/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_CX3JEQSMRJ11MGCYTC8N
More books on Relational Frame Theory and ACT
https://www.amazon.com/dp/1572249064/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_QWYWYE7BNZT3NT6PF4SG
https://www.amazon.com/dp/1684033012/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_JKJH5HWZM4XJMZ56XQ7X?_encoding=UTF8&psc=1
https://www.amazon.com/dp/168373081X/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_WER5FAT0DT8E31EKB0QA
Websites related to Behavior Analysis
https://contextualscience.org/act
https://www.abainternational.org/welcome.aspx
Where to find me
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\
In this episode Jacob speaks with PhD student James Fodor on his book Unreasonable Faith: How William Lane Craig Overstates the Case for Christianity. They speak on cosmology, ethics, and the resurrection of Jesus.
Where to find James
Podcast: https://fods12.podbean.com
Blog: https://thegodlesstheist.com
Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/c/JamesFodor/featured
Where to find me
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Duncan Pritchard on knowledge and Skepticism. They speak on the global skepticism and its paradox. They also speak on how Epistemic Disjunctivism seeks to answer the paradox, but for Dr. Pritchard, this is only one half of the solution the other part is Wittgenstein's hinge epistemology.
Where to find Dr. Pritchard
website: https://www.duncanpritchard.org
Books: https://www.duncanpritchard.org/books
Where to find me Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Graham Oppy. They speak on his work within Philosophy of Religion. Dr. Oppy has written extensively on arguments for and against God's existence and Naturalism.
Dr. Oppy's Books
Naturalism and Religion
https://a.co/gT7pOSW
The Best Argument Against God
https://a.co/8L1klJ2
Where to find me
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\
In this episode Jacob speaks with Assyriologist Josh Bowen. They speak on his recent book Did the Old Testament Endorse Slavery. They touch upon each book within the Old Testament and how it relates to the wider Ancient Near East.
Where to find Dr. Bowen
YouTube channel: www.YouTube.com/digitalhammurabi Website: www.digitalhammurabi.com Twitter: @djhammurabi1 & @digi_hammurabi Books: Did the Old Testament Endorse Slavery?
https://tinyurl.com/y4khp2fw
The Atheist Handbook to the Old Testament, Volume One:
https://tinyurl.com/akb9wzex
Learning to Pray in a Dead Language:
https://tinyurl.com/24p35cwz
Learn to Read Ancient Sumerian:
https://tinyurl.com/huyetmrr Where to fine me Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Russ Shafer-Landau. They speak on his work in moral philosophy specifically meta-ethics. Meta-ethics deals with questions such as moral facts, moral properties, can one access moral features in the world.
Dr. Shafer-Landau's books
Whatever Happened to Good and Evil? https://www.amazon.com/dp/0195168739/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_MBR9Y7WXS3T5YX4C0QR6
Moral Realism: A Defense
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B002BWPIJS/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_M6P6NTRVYX3799FM3HWR
Where to find me:
Website: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Chris Ranalli. They speak on his work related to Wittgenstein and Deep Disagreement. Deep disagreements are disagreements about fundamental epistemic principles (FEP) and what Wittgenstein referred to as hinge commitments. Hinge commitments and FEP's, according to some, cannot be given a justification without being circular. If this is correct then one may not ever be able to resolve deep disagreements.
Where to find Dr. Ranalli
Website: https://chris-ranalli.weebly.com
On Certainty:
https://www.amazon.com/Certainty-Harper-Perennial-Thought-English/dp/0061316865/?_encoding=UTF8&pd_rd_w=4IEtO&pf_rd_p=f601b3c4-4919-4bbe-b359-e579e9b622f7&pf_rd_r=0BSMMMHB9C3QMWBARME9&pd_rd_r=8479f334-f20e-417f-b311-5fa525d6140d&pd_rd_wg=kTapB&ref_=pd_gw_ci_mcx_mr_hp_d
Where to find me:
Website: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Gregg D. Caruso on his recent book Just Deserts: Debating Free Will; co-authored by another Philosopher Daniel C. Dennett. They speak on Determinism, Compatibilism, and Libertarian free will as it relates to moral responsibility and moral desert. Dr. Caruso expresses his view on Free will and is concerned with the justification of giving one what they deserve and how his model of forward looking justification is enough to ground moral responsibility. They also touch upon the legal and social ramifications of moral desert.
Links to Dr. Caruso
Website: http://www.greggcaruso.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/GreggDCaruso?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Eauthor
Just Deserts: https://www.amazon.com/Just-Deserts-Debating-Free-Will/dp/150954576X/ref=sr_1_1?dchild=1&keywords=just+deserts&qid=1622224210&sr=8-1
Rejecting Retributivism: https://www.amazon.com/Rejecting-Retributivism-Punishment-Criminal-Cognitive/dp/1108484700/ref=sr_1_1?crid=2W86EUEAINOB1&dchild=1&keywords=rejecting+retributivism&qid=1622224306&sprefix=rejecting+retro%2Caps%2C573&sr=8-1
Where to find me
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough\
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Chris Ranalli. They speak on radical skepticism. In short, radical skepticism calls into question our beliefs, knowledge and especially our belief in the external world. The radical skeptical hypothesis claims that we may just be a brain in a vat or what could be called The Matrix.
Where to to find Dr. Ranalli:
https://chris-ranalli.weebly.com
Dr. Ranalli's paper on Moore:
https://1000wordphilosophy.com/2021/02/23/moores-proof-of-an-external-world/
Where to find me:
Where to find me: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.comTwitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher and Disability Advocate Kevin Timpe. The discuss his book Disability and Inclusive Communities. They discuss his experience with disabilities as well as societal assumptions about the nature of disability.
Where to find Dr. Timpe
https://kevintimpe.com
Dr. Timpe's Book
https://a.co/gCARTI4
Where to find me: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough
In this episode Jacob finishes his conversation with Philosopher and Software Engineer Jason Rogers on knowledge. They speak about two models of knowledge known as Foundationalism and Coherentism.
Richard Feldman's book on Epistemology
https://www.amazon.com/dp/0133416453/ref=cm_sw_em_r_mt_dp_M34KR04V7PGH7QHKQKPD
Where to find me: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough
In this episode Jacob speaks with philosopher and software engineer Jason Rogers. They discuss a branch of philosophy known as epistemology. Epistemology deals with questions on knowledge by asking us what is knowledge? What is the criteria to have knowledge? Can we know anything?They discuss the classical definition of knowledge as well as two modernistic approaches. This is part one of two.
Where to find me: Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Jeremy Koons. They speak on his paper Can God's Goodness Save The Divine Command Theory from Euthyphro? This is a critique to a particular version of Divine Command Theory.
Dr. Koons article:
https://philpapers.org/rec/KOOCGG
Where to find me:
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough
In this episode Jacob speaks with Kelly Peterson. Kelly is a parent of a participant with Best Buddies. They speak about Kelly's personal experience working with people with disabilities as well as her experience raising a child diagnosed with Autism. Haley Hatai also returns for this episode. Haley aided Kelly's son in obtaining a job.
Drew's story:
https://youtu.be/ZuVzmAjPPR8
How to get involved
Website: https://www.bestbuddies.org
Friendshipwalk: https://www.bestbuddiesfriendshipwalk.org
Staff email:
Haley Hatai: haleyhatai@bestbuddies.org
Where to find me Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough
In this episode Jacob speaks to the Best Buddies International California Staff. Best Buddies is a non-profit organization dedicated to establishing a global volunteer movement that creates opportunities for one-to-one friendships, integrated employment, leadership development, and inclusive living for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD).
How you can support and contact BestBuddies
Website: https://www.bestbuddies.org
Friendshipwalk: https://www.bestbuddiesfriendshipwalk.org
Staff emails
Katelyn Quintero: katelynquintero@bestbuddies.org
Chanel Brisbane: chanelbrisbane@bestbuddies.org
Jazzmine Santos-Kendrix: jazzminesantos-kendrix@bestbuddies.org
Haley Hatai: haleyhatai@bestbuddies.org
Where to find me
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough
In this episode Jacob speaks to Philosopher Michael Huemer on his book Ethical Intuitionism. They speak about what intuitions are; and it's relationship with ethics. They also speak about competing models of ethics.
Where to find me
Twitter: https://twitter.com/reasonthrough
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Where to find Dr. Huemer
Blog: http://fakenous.net
Website: https://spot.colorado.edu/~huemer/
Ethical Intuitionism: https://www.amazon.com/dp/0230573746
In this episode Jacob speaks to Behavior Analyst Ryan O'Donnell. The speak upon the science of human behavior known as behavior analysis. Behavior Analysis, generally, looks to the environmental variables that influence human behavior as seeks to make predictions. They also touch upon the philosophical underpinnings of behavior analysis as well as its ethics and how it relates to society.
Jacob conducts a small interview. See 4 minute mark to begin discussion on Behavior Analysis
Where to find Ryan O'Donnell
Website: https://www.thedailyba.com/
YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCR5OvepXxknZ0fa8TwC0D5g
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/TheDailyBA/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/TheDaily_BA
Snapchat: https://www.snapchat.com/add/thedailyba
In this episode Jacob speaks with Philosopher Chad Bogosian on a version of naturalistic ethics; they speak on Kantianism. Immanuel Kant is famous for his work on ethics. Kant believed one can derive our moral duties from pure reason by finding the supreme principle from which all duties are derived from through logical necessitation.
Link to email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
Dr. Bogosian's email: chad.bogosian@cloviscollege.edu
In this episode Jacob speaks to PhD student Lewis Howeth aka Perspective Philosophy on the ethics of what we eat. They speak about animal ethics, veganism, and moral obligation. They also speak about the the relevance difference to non-human animals, Nazi's, and animal testing.
Jacob also misspoke; see 10 minutes and 30 second mark on the discussion on Veganism.
Link to Lewis's channel: https://youtu.be/u9jF5mbyztY
https://twitter.com/HowethLewis
In this episode Jacob speaks to Philosopher Chad Bogosian on Consequentialism; also known as Utilitarianism. Consequentialism is a naturalistic moral philosophy that seeks to maximize the greatest happiness for the greatest number. If you have ever done a cost-benefit analysis, you have done some consequentialist reasoning! They also discuss why it is attractive to people as well as it critiques.
Email: reasonthrough2@gmail.com
In this episode, Jacob speaks again with Philosopher Chad Bogosian. They discuss one theistic moral theory that is typically associated with objective morality. This theory is known as Divine Command Theory. Divine Command Theorists believe God is the ultimate source of goodness and through his goodness flows commands, thus creating moral obligations. Jacob also expresses his concerns about said theory.
Article referenced:
https://philpapers.org/rec/KOOCGG
In this episode Jacob briefly describes the goals of the podcast, future episodes, as well as some information about himself.
In this episode Jacob speaks to Philosopher Chad Bogosian on the current status of right and wrong. Is it objective or is subjective? Do right and wrong exist? They discuss several disciplines within Ethics such as subjectivism, nihilism, and objectivism. They also discuss the relationship between fact and value within the sciences and how it relates to human well-being.
Jacob conducts an interview, please the 10:30 second mark to begin the discussion on ethics.