Adam Hawkins presents the theory and practices behind building a high velocity software organization. Topics include DevOps, lean, software architecture, continuous delivery, and interviews with industry leaders.
Adam presents thinking about boundaries, testing, and software design.
Are you just beginning your path to excellence? Then start here.
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Adam presents how he thinks about estimates and delivery. Plus, a special announcement on something new!
Are you just beginning your path to excellence? Then start here.
Already on the path? Continue your self-study with any of these:
You can support Small Batches here.
Adam presents mental model behind lean and agile. The mental model accepts we don't know the path forward, thus we must optimize for learning it.
Are you just beginning your path to excellence? Then start here.
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Explore the tip of scientific thinking, lean, and kaizen with Dr. Deming's PDCA loop.
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How to use the 5S method plus the PFEP (Plan for Every Part) to reach the target condition of stable production operations.
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This one comes from the episode jar. Canary deploys use deploy an experimental change prior to a larger change. If the canary change is successful, then proceed as normal. Otherwise, back off and readjust.
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A look into the ideas of empiricism, iteration, and incrementalism applied to software engineering. This is the topic of Dave Farley's 2022 book "Modern Software Engineering".
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Art Smalley's 2019 book "The Four Types of Problems" presents troubleshooting, gap from standard, target condition, and open-end problems. Problem solving is key to any lean enterprise. Smalley's book helps practitioners identify and handle each appropriately.
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Kent Beck's 1999 book "Extreme Programming" is a forerunner to modern software development engineering. This episode presents the second edition published in 2005. There are so many great ideas in here. I'm hard pressed to find anything that's irrelevant or that I disagree with.
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This episode continues the theme of the past two episodes. Tl;DR: understand the price of work, optimize for flow through queues, use WIP constraints, reduce batch sizes, and prefer decentralization.
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This episodes connects Principles of Product Development Flow by Donald Reinersten and Making Work Visible by Dominica DeGrandis via the five time thieves.
The thieves are: too much WIP (work-in-progress), unknown dependencies, conflicting priorities, neglected work, and (the most annoying of the bunch) interrupts.
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Adam presents applying the mathematics behind queueing theory to software delivery. Also an announcement!
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The third of a three part conversation on flow engineering with Steve Pereira.
Steve Pereira, aka "The Value Stream Guy", is the author of the Flow Engineering ebook, founder of Visible Consulting, and co-founder of the Flow Collective peer group.
Adam and Steve come back to the fractal nature of flow, value streams, and where to start with improving flow.
Do you like this topic? Come join Steve and I in the Flow Collective.
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The second of a three part conversation on flow engineering with Steve Pereira.
Steve Pereira, aka "The Value Stream Guy", is the author of the Flow Engineering ebook, founder of Visible Consulting, and co-founder of the Flow Collective peer group.
Steve goes deeper into flow engineering and the four maps: outcome, value streams, dependencies, and capabilities.
Do you like this topic? Come join Steve and I in the Flow Collective.
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The first of a three part conversation on flow engineering with Steve Pereira.
Steve Pereira, aka "The Value Stream Guy", is the author of the Flow Engineering ebook, founder of Visible Consulting, and co-founder of the Flow Collective peer group.
Steve recounts his career and how he became so passionate about business value and how it flows across organization. Part one wraps with an introduction to the flow engineering.
Do you like this topic? Come join Steve and I in the Flow Collective.
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Adam revists the ideas that created Toyota after learning from The High Velocity Edge and The New Economics.
Jeffery Liker's "The Toyota Way" presents 14 principles grouped into four categories: Philosophy, Process, People, and Problem Solving. Adam gives a short summary of each and how they relate to past material covered on the podcast.
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The third of a three part conversation on Dr. Deming with John Willis.
John Willis is a coauthor of the DevOps Handbook and host of the Profound podcast dedicated to discussing Dr. Deming.
Adam and John dial in on one of the core tenants of the System of Profound knowledge: understanding variation. They discuss special and common cause variation and how to deal with each. Also, why is that most people have not heard of Deming when he's such an impact on lean theory.
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The second of a three part conversation on Dr. Deming with John Willis.
John Willis is a coauthor of the DevOps Handbook and host of the Profound podcast dedicated to discussing Dr. Deming.
Adam and John focus on Deming's second book "The New Economics" which introduces the system of profound knowledge. This is why John's podcast is named "Profound". Nice reference.
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The first of a three part conversation on Dr. Deming with John Willis.
John Willis is a coauthor of the DevOps Handbook and host of the Profound podcast dedicated to discussing Dr. Deming.
Adam and John introduce Dr. Deming for the unfamiliar through his two books: "Out of the Crisis" and "New Economics". This leads into his discussion on lean theory and impact on the world through his influence in Japanese manufacturing.
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The first episode of a few episodes discussing Dr. Deming's works.
Adam recaps a principle of Dr. Deming's "System of Profound Knowledge": understanding variation. There are two types of variation: common and special causes. Misunderstanding the type of variation leads to wasted effort and lost resources. Understanding variation helps optimize system performance.
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This is the final episode in the series on the 2009 Book "The High Velocity Edge" by Steven Spear.
Adam and Steve reflect on the fundamental thesis in the book: apply the scientific method everywhere to everything all the time. This leads to a conversation on how the ideas directly apply to software, deployment pipelines, the ideal flow, and applying the coaching and improvement katas.
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Part nine of a nine part series on the 2009 book "The High Velocity Edge" by Steven Spear.
My closing thoughts on the book before the next episode featuring my conversation with Steven Spear.
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Part eight of a nine part series on the 2009 book "The High Velocity Edge" by Steven Spear.
This episode demonstrates the third capability, knowledge sharing, and the fourth, developing skills in others, through Toyota's "jishuken" exercise. It's a process for improving problem solving processes.
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Part seven of a nine part series on the 2009 book "The High Velocity Edge" by Steven Spear.
The episode covers applying a disciplined problem solving method to achieve the second capability.
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Part six of a nine part series on the 2009 book "The High Velocity Edge" by Steven Spear.
This episode completes the discussion on the first capability: system design and operation by identifying the four levels of system design and their associated checks.
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Part five of a nine part series on the 2009 book "The High Velocity Edge" by Steven Spear.
This episode continues discussing system design and operations with a focus on using "jidoka" to build in quality control into systems.
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Part four of a nine part series on the 2009 book "The High Velocity Edge" by Steven Spear.
This episode introduces the two pillars of the first capability: design systems to reveal problems. The first pillar is Taiichi Ohno's "kanban", or pull-based, philosophy on system design. The second pillar is Sakichi Toyoda's "jidoka", or self-regulation, philosophy to identify problems when they happen.
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Part three of a nine part series on the 2009 book "The High Velocity Edge" by Steven Spear.
This episode tells the story of how Admiral Hyman Rickover demonstrated the four capabilities while creating the US Navy's nuclear reactor (or NR) program.
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Part two of a nine part series on the 2009 book "The High Velocity Edge" by Steven Spear.
This episode demonstrates the four capabilities through Alcoa's commitment to changing their safety culture.
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Part one of a nine part series on the 2009 book "The High Velocity Edge" by Steven Spear.
This episode demonstrates how complex systems fail through the story of Mrs. Grant and the four capabilities to overcome such failures.
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Enjoy this meme ready episode with Bryan Finster.
Bryan Finster leads a DevOps dojo at a Fortune 50 enterprise where he helps teams deliver to production daily. This episode continues recurring discussion topics on the post: integrated vs isolated development environments, software architecture and team owner, and their relationship to delivering to production daily.
Checkout episodes #15 (for philosophy) and #22 (for boundaries) for more background on the ideas in this conversation.
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Adam welcomes Dave Mangot to the show for a book discussion. The book is a classic leadership and management book: "The Five Dysfunctions of a Team". Adam & Dave discuss the dysfunctions through a lens of software delivery, DevOps, and SRE.
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Level up your soft skills with this episode on "Agile Conversations". The episode begins with a short introduction to the book then dives into the content with the authors.
Topics include: "TDD for People", The four R's, The trust conversation, the fear conversation, the why conversation, the commitment conversation, and the accountability conversation.
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Adam welcomes Carmen de Ardo to the show. Carmen is a senior VSM strategist at TaskTop and author of numerous books on value streams, leaderships, DevOps, and product transformation.
This episode is a response to a listener request for an episode on value streams. So we start from the beginning of "what is a value stream" and work up towards toward value stream mapping, the flow framework, and peak of continuous improvement.
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Adam welcomes Matthew Skelton to the show. Matthew is co-author of the book "Team Topologies" and a DevOps Enterprise Summit speaker. This episode builds on the previous podcast introducing the team types and interaction models.
Adam and Matthew discuss the first principles in Team Topologies, building internal platform products, and the impact on software and team architecture.
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Adam welcomes Markus Schirp to the show. Markus is an independent software professional. He calls himself a "dynamic language exorcist." He's also the man behind the Mutant mutation project for Ruby.
Adam and Markus discuss the first principles for software development and ladder up to higher level abstractions and how tooling helps developers.
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Adam welcomes Sebastian Dahlgren to the show. Sebastian is now the CTO at Saltside. Sebastian joined Saltside just after the rewrite completed and continues to work there today.
Adam & Sebastian worked closely together to grow the team in Bangalore until Adam left Saltside in 2017. Adam & Sebastian discuss if the rewrite delivered on its promise, what worked, what didn't work, and if those architectural bets made years ago paid off.
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Adam worked at Saltside from 2014-2018. These episode tell the story for how events created a ground up, big-bang rewrite from 2014 through 2015. This is a five part series. Small Batches will back back in 2021.
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Adam worked at Saltside from 2014-2018. These episode tell the story for how events created a ground up, big-bang rewrite from 2014 through 2015. This is a five part series. Small Batches will back back in 2021.
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Adam worked at Saltside from 2014-2018. These episode tell the story for how events created a ground up, big-bang rewrite from 2014 through 2015. This is a five part series. Small Batches will back back in 2021.
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Adam worked at Saltside from 2014-2018. These episode tell the story for how events created a ground up, big-bang rewrite from 2014 through 2015. This is a five part series. Small Batches will back back in 2021.
Free Resources
Adam Hawkins' Links
Adam worked at Saltside from 2014-2018. These episode tell the story for how events created a ground up, big-bang rewrite from 2014 through 2015. This is a five part series. Small Batches will back back in 2021.
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Adam welcomes Alex Hidalgo to the show. Alex is the Principal Site Reliability Engineer at Nobl9 and author of Implementing Service Level Objectives.
Adam & Alex discuss the ins-and-outs of SLOs. It's assumed you are already familiar with the basic concepts of SLIs & SLOs so please listen to the previous episode (linked below) before listening to this conversation.
Some of the take-aways: run your SLOs for a least a month before you consider them ready and alerting on SLOs is a really hard problem! Lots of great pro-tips in this episode.
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Adam welcomes Keith Pitt to the show. Keith Pitt is the founder as CTO of Buildkite.com. Buildkite is CI/CD platform.
Adam invited Keith on the show to discuss software delivery inside a company building software delivery tools. It turns out that Buildkite has a fearless continuous deployment pipeline. So listeners, if you need a software delivery North Star then just listen to Keith. It's all here in this episode.
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Adam welcomes Viktor Farcic to the show. Viktor Farcic is a Principal DevOps Architect at CodeFresh, a member of the Google Developer Experts, Continuous Delivery Foundation Ambassadors, and Docker Captains groups, and a published author.
Adam & Viktor discuss the how and why of GitOps and how ArgoCD fits in the deployment pipeline. Many fun sidebars in this conversation into the role of docs vs code and why you should never compromise on your workflow when quality is at stake. This is a fun and easy conversation. Best served with a beer instead of the usual coffee. Enjoy the laughs.
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Adam welcomes Torin Sandall to the show. Torin is the Vice President of Open Source at Styra and the co-creator of Open Policy agent.
Adam & Torin discuss the origin of the project, why create new language from scratch called Rego, why that language is awesome, how Adam fell in love with Conftest, and how to use all these tools to create more secure systems.
The first five or so minutes are for Small Batches housekeeping and a special announcement!
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Adam welcomes Derek Comartin to the show. Derek is a Microsoft Most-Valuable-Professional and distributed systems architect. He also co-hosts the Loosely Coupled podcast.
Derek discusses the ideas behind his talk the "Loosely Coupled Monolith" and "Context is King: Finding Service Boundaries". Great high level conversation on how software design principles inside applications scale out to distributed systems as a whole.
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Adam welcomes Dr. Mik Kersten to the show. Dr. Mik Kersten is the author of the best selling book "Project to Product: How to Survive and Thrive in the Age of Digital Disruption with the Flow Framework". This is a follow up to the earlier "Four Types of Work" episode.
Adam & Mik cover the Flow Framework's origin story, the relation between The Flow Framework and DevOps, the importance of structure & dynamics, and why organizing for fast flow is the prime directive.
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Adam welcomes Joe Kutner to the show. Joe is a Software Architect at Salesforce Heroku. He's been writing and speaking about the 12 factor app for years and continually evaluating the practices at Salesforce Heroku.
Adam & Joe discuss the misconceptions of the 12 factor app and the gaps between the 12 factor app and continuous delivery requirements. This is really a follow up discussion to the earlier episodes on the 12.1 Factor app.
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Today Iâm covering the 2019 book "Team Topologies: Organizing Business & Technology Teams for Fast Flow" written by Matthew Skelton & Manuel Pais.
Let me read off their official bio:
Matthew Skelton and Manuel Pais - co-authors of the book Team Topologies - have worked together on organisation design for modern software systems with many clients around the world. Their training sessions on Organisation Design for Modern Software Systems have helped numerous organizations to re-think their approach to team intercommunication and software architecture, improving flow and the effectiveness of software delivery.
So Iâm stoked to finally discuss Team Topologies on Small Batches. This book has come up so many times in my work as an SRE at Skillshare and tangentially related to everything Iâve discussed on Small Batches to date. This is because team architecture and software architecture are directly related to software delivery performance.
Thatâs particularly why I enjoyed Team Topologies so much because itâs truly a book about high velocity software delivery. In fact itâs right there smack in the title. Plus it provides a language to discuss this facet of software delivery.
Youâve likely encountered some of these concepts before, so this time around it may just be a new language.
Iâll share a personal anecdote from earlier in my career to set the stage for this episode.
Roughly fives years ago I lead the platform team through a complete ground up rewrite at a previous company. We were divided into technology teams: The web, mobile, and platform team. Given these boundaries each of respective team lead set out to create their internal architecture. Nothing to see here: just Conwayâs law in action. It worked well here because we had isomorphic technology and team architecture.
Then something happened out of the blue shortly after the rewrite completed.
The organization went through a total re-org that changed the team structure, their responsibilities and how they interacted without doing anything to address the underlying technical architecture. This created confusing boundaries, ownership responsibilities, and left so called "independent feature teams" at the mercy of the small number of capable backend engineers capable of working across the various internal services.
These problems could have been avoided with some foresight and planning. Plus itâs especially bothersome because the entire engineering team had just finished a ground up rewrite that architected a system to support an entirely different team topology! If there was ever a time for a reverse Conway maneuver that was not it.
This example speaks to the importance of Conwayâs law and how team and software architecture fit together to create fast flow or on the other hand just inhibit it.
Team Topologies provides a framework that avoids this problem from the outset by optimizing for fast flow.
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This is a special episode of Small Batches. I interview Dave Farley in this episode.
Dave, along with Jez Humble, is the co-author of "Continuous Delivery" published in 2010. The book introduced the ideas that grew into DevOps. So, no surprise that DevOps and continuous delivery are the same most people.
Together Dave and Jez introduced continuous delivery to the world. The practices and ideas still hold true ten years on.
Time and research have demonstrated that continuous delivery is the most effective way to develop software. If youâve read Accelerate then you know what Iâm talking about. Thatâs partially why am so passionate about it and that doesnât even account for the fun I have working in that environment.
Dave and I talked about different aspects of continuous delivery beginning with the difference between software development and software engineering. Or as Dave putâs it: scientific rationalism.
We also speak about the connection from delivery, feedback, and experimentation. Or, as he putâs it: "just doing engineering".
He also shared why he doesnât like the term DevOps. I gotta say I tend agree with him after hearing his reasoning.
Lastly I get his view on the Preflight Checks I mentioned in an early episode of this podcast. Go to smallbatches.fm/11 for that episode.
Now I give you my conversation with Dave Farley.
You can find Dave at:
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Preflight Checks
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The Flow Framework & Four Types of Work
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The 12.1 factor approach prefers locality over fully integrated environments. Doing so promotes fast and independent iterations on discrete services using automated tests to verify correctness. End-to-End issues that may have been identified with a fully integrated environment with dev/prod parity should be pushed downstream in the deployment pipeline in accordance with test pyramid principles. If a regression is identified, then it may quickly addressed by adding tests to the relevant serviceâs test suite.
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The 12 factor app states that applications should log to standard out and standard error, thus not concerting themselves with the storage and processing of their log stream. That's a good start point, but we need more than that. The 12.1 factor app does these three things:
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The 12 factor app states that applications should read config from environment variables. It implies separation of code and config. Thatâs about it, but thereâs good bones here. I want something bigger from this factor. Specifically that applications may be deployed to new environments without any code changes. This requires a few additions:
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In the modern era, software is commonly delivered as a service: called web apps, or software-as-a-service. The twelve-factor app is a methodology for building software-as-a-service apps that:
The twelve-factor methodology can be applied to apps written in any programming language, and which use any combination of backing services (database, queue, memory cache, etc).
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This episode completes our introduction to the three ways of DevOps. The previous two episodes introduced flow and feedback. Flow, the first way, establishes fast left to right flow from development to production. Feedback, the second way of DevOps, establishes right to left feedback from production to development, so using the state of production informs development decisions. The Third Way of DevOps, establishes a culture of experimentation and learning around improving flow and feedback.
Be sure to check out the Toyota Kata for more continuous improvement.
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The DevOps Handbook & Accelerate are the source material for this episode.
The Principle of Feedback, or the second way of DevOps, describes using right to left feedback in the value stream. This episode explores how telemetry is more than error data or alerts. When used right (i.e. paired with experimentation), telemetry provides an objective way to move towards shared goals.
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The DevOps Handbook & Accelerate are the source material for this episode.
The principle of flow, or the first way of DevOps, calls for building fast feedback from development to production. In practice this mean implementing continuous delivery.
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The DevOps Handbook & Accelerate are the source material for this episode.
The DevOps Handbook is the best introduction to DevOps available. It puts the value stream at the center of an IT company, thus itâs in the companyâs best interest to optimize the value stream. The DevOps Handbook presents the âThree Waysâ: flow, feedback, and learning.
Accelerate picks up where the DevOps Handbook left off. The three ways cover theory and relevant technical practices, but does not precisely define success criteria. Accelerate defines four metrics for measuring IT performance: lead time, deployment frequency, MTTR, and change failure rate. Research done by the authors also presents low, medium, and high performance targets for each metric.
Combining theory and practices from The DevOps Handbook and metrics from Accelerate provide a solid philosophy for software development and measuring performance. Thatâs âDevOpsâ in a nutshell.
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