NPTE Clinical Files | Physical Therapy: Recent Episodes
Kyle Rice
NPTE Clinical Files is a podcast from the creator of Dominating the NPTE, hosted by Kyle Rice. NPTE Clinical Files explains a true clinical scenario in the form of a mock NPTE-based question. Each question is followed by a set of answer choices, where Dr. Kyle Rice explains the right answer with a detailed rationale. Each season covers all of the major systems and topics found in physical therapy and likely to be found on an NPTE. NPTE Clinical Files gives the Physical Therapist a weekly opportunity to solve clinical puzzles while learning the latest research related to the topic. Support this podcast: https://anchor.fm/thepthustle/support
Luca is a 68 year old male with moderate COPD who is referred for physical therapy to improve exercise tolerance. He reports dyspnea with minimal exertion and has a 6-minute walk test distance of 250 meters. His resting oxygen saturation is 92% on room air. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate initial exercise approach?
A) Interval training with short work and rest periods at moderate intensity
B) Continuous training at 75% of peak work rate to build endurance
C) Resisted walking with a weighted vest to strengthen lower extremities
D) Breathing retraining combined with unsupported upper extremity exercises
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Amara presents with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease and has impaired gait and balance. She becomes disoriented in new environments and struggles with multi-step instructions.Which intervention is MOST appropriate for this patient?
A) High-intensity balance exercises on uneven surfaces
B) Dual-task training to improve cognitive function
C) Structured gait training in a familiar environment
D) Community ambulation to enhance adaptability
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Helga is two days post-total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and reports moderate knee pain and stiffness. Her knee range of motion is 0–45 degrees, and her incision is well-approximated with mild edema. Which intervention is MOST appropriate to prioritize during this session?
A) Full weight bearing on the surgical leg
B) Low-intensity range of motion exercises to increase knee flexion
C) Ambulation with a rollator walker for at least 200 feet
D) Manual lymphatic drainage to reduce swelling
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- www.nptecheatsheet.com/tka
Freda presents with persistent shoulder pain following rotator cuff repair surgery. The therapist considers using electrical stimulation for pain management. The patient has a history of mild hypertension controlled with medication and reports occasional muscle spasms in the surgical area. Which of the following would MOST likely require avoidance of electrical stimulation?
A) Metal anchors used during surgical fixation
B) Recent use of anti-hypertensive medication
C) Active muscle spasms near the surgical site
D) Impaired sensation over the affected shoulder
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Mohammad is documenting outcomes for a patient who has been treated for a venous ulcer. Which of the following improvements is the MOST significant to report?
A) The patient reports a decrease in pain from 6/10 to 2/10
B) The patient's walking distance has increased from 100 meters to 300 meters
C) The wound size has decreased from 6 cm² to 3 cm²
D) The patient's lower leg swelling has reduced by 50%
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Sweeney recently underwent a hysterectomy and requests to sit after ambulating a few feet. The patient reports dizziness and right lower extremity pain. On examination, her resting heart rate is 102 bpm, and she has significant swelling in her right lower leg. Which of the following should be assessed FIRST:
A) Walking distance before stopping
B) Pulse pressure
C) Deep calf tenderness
D) Dorsal pedal integrity
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- www.nptecheatsheet.com/dvt-implications
Azaria is a 22-year-old swimmer with intermittent right shoulder pain who complains of a slipping sensation during overhead activities. Which of the following tests should be performed FIRST?
A) Apprehension test
B) Speed's test
C) Drop arm test
D) Load and shift test
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John reports dizziness and unsteadiness when walking, especially in busy environments or when turning his head quickly. He denies positional dizziness but struggles to read signs while walking. Examination reveals normal balance in static postures and no spontaneous nystagmus. Which test is MOST appropriate to assess the suspected deficit?
A) Dix-Hallpike maneuver
B) Head thrust test
C) Snellen Chart Reading while walking
D) Romberg test
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- www.nptecheatsheet.com/vestibular-patho
Before an evaluation, Arial is reviewing the patient's MRI report that describes sequestration at the L4 – L5 level. The intake form reveals sensory changes along the lateral calf, and dorsum of the foot. Which clinical finding is the most consistent with the medical record?
A) Impaired heel walking
B) Gastrocnemius and soleus atrophy
C) Extensor hallicus longus weakness
D) Saddle paraesthesia
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Samantha is an office worker who presents with pain and numbness in the right hand, particularly at night. On examination, there is decreased sensation along the palmar aspect of the thumb, index, and middle fingers. Which the of the following is the LEAST likely impaired:
A) Abductor pollicus brevis
B) Flexor pollicus longus
C) Opponens pollicus
D) 2nd Lumbrical
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Denise is six days post-abdominal surgery with a midline incision. The incision is well-approximated with slight redness but no drainage or dehiscence. She is concerned about safely participating in physical therapy. Which recommendation is MOST appropriate for this patient?
A) Avoid core exercises until 6 weeks post-op
B) Continue light activities and monitor for redness, swelling, or drainage
C) Apply heat to the incision before exercise to promote healing
D) Use high-compression abdominal binders during therapy
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Kelly is referred to physical therapy six days after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. She reports mild fatigue but denies chest pain or shortness of breath. Her resting heart rate is 85 bpm, and her blood pressure is 125/80 mmHg. The therapist plans to begin light aerobic exercise as part of her cardiac rehabilitation. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate guideline to follow during this session?
A) Monitor for a target heart rate of 70–80% of her age-predicted maximum
B) Avoid upper extremity exercises to minimize sternal stress
C) Limit aerobic exercise to a maximum of 1–2 METs during this phase
D) Emphasize light aerobic exercise with an intensity below 13 on the Borg RPE scale
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Ollie reports progressive weakness in his legs and tingling sensations in his hands and feet after a recent upper respiratory infection. On examination, he has moderate dorsiflexor weakness, and mild gait instability. Which of the following is the MOST anticipated finding?
A) Hyperreflexia with distal weakness
B) Loss of tactile sensation
C) Severe gross hip muscle weakness
D) Limb contractures
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Rella presents with a diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis in the freezing phase. She reports persistent, deep shoulder pain at rest and significant discomfort with attempted movement. Passive range of motion reveals capsular end-feel in all directions, particularly with external rotation. Which intervention is MOST appropriate to address the patient’s symptoms at this stage?
A) Low-load prolonged passive stretching with gradual increases in intensity
B) Submaximal isometric exercises to reduce pain and maintain muscle activation
C) Low-grade joint mobilizations to minimize discomfort and maintain joint mechanics
D) Dynamic strengthening exercises to improve shoulder function
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Bailey presents with a history of osteoarthritis and hypertension and is referred to physical therapy for knee pain management. She reports taking over-the-counter medication daily for pain relief. During the session, she mentions experiencing mild stomach discomfort and occasional dizziness. Her blood pressure is 138/86 mmHg. Which medication is MOST likely contributing to the patient’s symptoms?
A) Acetaminophen
B) Ibuprofen
C) Calcium-channel blocker
D) Glucosamine supplement
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- www.nptecheatsheet.com/common-med
Pouria presents with secondary lymphedema following breast cancer treatment. The patient reports heaviness in the arm and mild discomfort but denies significant pain. The affected arm shows a circumference 3 cm greater than the contralateral arm. She has no open wounds or signs of infection. Which compression and therapy strategy is MOST appropriate to manage this patient’s lymphedema?
A) High-stretch bandages to provide consistent pressure during rest and activity
B) Intermittent pneumatic compression at 60 mmHg pressure, followed by elastic sleeve application
C) Short-stretch bandages with manual lymphatic drainage techniques
D) Compression garments with 40-50 mmHg pressure for daily use
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Jafar has a history of atrial fibrillation and reports occasional fatigue and palpitations. His resting heart rate is 96 bpm and irregular, and he takes a beta-blocker. During a six-minute walk test, he experiences mild shortness of breath but completes the test without difficulty. Which consideration is MOST important when developing this patient’s exercise program?
A) Monitor for a target heart rate based on age-predicted max heart rate
B) Use a perceived exertion scale to guide exercise intensity
C) Avoid aerobic exercise due to the risk of arrhythmias
D) Encourage high-intensity intervals to improve cardiovascular function
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- www.nptecheatsheet.com/atrial-fib
Taylor presents with a TBI and is recently learning to transfer from a wheelchair to a bed independently. The therapist aims to facilitate the learning process while minimizing cognitive load. Which training strategy is MOST effective for this stage of motor learning?
A) Massed practice; intrinsic feedback
B) Distributed practice; concurrent feedback
C) Blocked practice; knowledge of results feedback
D) Random practice; knowledge of performance feedback
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Kyle reports sudden posterior ankle pain after jumping, describing it as feeling “kicked.” Examination reveals mild swelling, a palpable gap above the calcaneus, limited active plantarflexion, and inability to perform a single-leg heel raise. Passive range of motion is full and pain-free. Which finding BEST explains the patient’s inability to perform a single-leg heel raise?
A) Tear of the medial ankle stabilizer leading to decreased propulsion strength
B) Inflammation of the plantar aponeurosis causing mechanical restriction
C) Disruption of the calcaneal attachment of the posterior compartment tendon
D) Strain of the posterior compartment musculature limiting force generation
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Martha presents with six weeks of dull, intermittent low back pain. The pain worsens with standing but improves slightly with rest. Examination reveals mild lumbar tenderness and restricted motion. Which line of questioning is MOST important to uncover a potential red flag?
A) “Have you noticed changes in bowel or bladder habits?”
B) “What activities seem to aggravate or relieve your pain?”
C) “Have you experienced an increased heart rate and dizziness upon standing? "
D) “Do you have electric-like shocks extending down part of one leg?
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- www.nptecheatsheet.com/lumbar-flags
Gertrude presents with right knee osteoarthritis and is being trained to use a cane. She demonstrates unsteady steps when initiating gait and turning, occasionally placing the cane too far ahead of her. She reports feeling unsure about how to use the cane properly in crowded environments. Which intervention is MOST important to improve the patient’s safety and confidence during cane use?
A) Adjust cane height to ensure proper weight distribution
B) Train safe gait initiation and turning techniques
C) Instruct on cane use in crowded environments
D) Recommend a walker for greater stability
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Betty presents with type 2 diabetes and a non-healing ulcer on the lateral ankle. The ulcer is dry, and the patient reports discomfort in her posterior lower leg with walking. On examination, the affected foot has a capillary refill that is prolonged. Which assessment is MOST important to include during the initial evaluation?
A) Monofilament testing for protective sensation
B) Visual inspection for signs of infection
C) ABI to evaluate vascular supply
D) Toe pressure measurement for microvascular assessment
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Cobert presents with a history of peripheral artery disease and was referred to physical therapy for walking endurance. He reports intermittent claudication in his calves after walking 100 meters and frequently stops to rest. His resting ABI is 0.7 in both legs. The goal is to enhance his functional capacity and quality of life. Which walking program is MOST appropriate to improve this patient’s functional capacity?
A) Treadmill walking at 60% of maximal heart rate, continuous for 30 minutes
B) Walking to the point of moderate pain, resting, and repeating for 30 minutes total
C) Interval walking at high intensity with short rest breaks
D) Walking with partial body weight support to reduce claudication pain
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Liara presents with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis with complaints of fatigue and difficulty walking. She reports worsening symptoms in the afternoon but denies any new relapses. Examination reveals mild spasticity in the lower limbs, decreased endurance, and poor postural control. The patient works as a teacher and finds it challenging to maintain energy throughout the day. Which intervention is MOST appropriate to improve the patient’s functional mobility and address her symptoms?
A) Aerobic training at moderate intensity with frequent rest breaks
B) Strength training with resistance bands targeting lower extremity muscles
C) Cooling strategies during physical activity to improve endurance
D) Balance training on a foam surface to reduce fall risk
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Rachel presents with knee pain that worsens with activity and improves with rest. She describes stiffness lasting about 30 minutes in the morning and difficulty with stairs. On examination, there is mild joint swelling and crepitus with knee flexion and extension. Which examination finding is MOST indicative of knee osteoarthritis?
A) Positive McMurray test
B) Reduced knee flexion range of motion
C) Medial joint line tenderness
D) Presence of effusion
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Lorren sustained burns to his right forearm and hand while working with hot oil. The burn area is red with blistering, and the patient reports significant pain. On examination, capillary refill is intact, and the wound blanches with pressure. The patient is referred to physical therapy to prevent complications during the early phase of healing. Which intervention is MOST appropriate during the initial phase of rehabilitation?
A) Daily aggressive stretching to maintain range of motion
B) Moisturizing and scar massage to prevent contracture formation
C) Gentle range of motion exercises to prevent joint stiffness
D) Compression wrapping to reduce hypertrophic scarring
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- www.nptecheatsheet.com/burns25
Nivayah presents with a history of myocardial infarction and type 2 diabetes. The patient reports limited endurance and shortness of breath when walking up a flight of stairs. The physical therapist wants to assess her aerobic capacity and guide the exercise prescription while considering safety due to her cardiovascular history. Which outcome measure is MOST appropriate to assess this patient’s aerobic capacity?
A) VO2 max test using a treadmill protocol
B) 6-minute walk test
C) Borg Rating of Perceived Exertion (RPE)
D) Step test
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Jamie is a 62-year-old female who is referred to outpatient cardiac rehabilitation 3 weeks after a myocardial infarction. She reports feeling fatigued with moderate exertion but denies chest pain. Her resting vitals are HR 80 bpm, BP 128/82 mmHg, and SpO₂ 98%. She completed Phase I rehabilitation without complications and is eager to begin exercising to improve her endurance. Which activity is MOST appropriate to initiate during Phase II of cardiac rehabilitation?
A) Jogging on a treadmill at 70% maximum heart rat
B) Cycling on a stationary bike at 3-5 METs
C) Strength training at 50% of 1-rep max
D) Stretching and light walking only
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- www.nptecheatsheet.com/cardiac-rehab1
Teddy sustained a spinal cord injury at the C7 level after a motor vehicle accident. During the ASIA examination, the patient has preserved sensation at S4-S5 but no voluntary anal contraction. Motor function is absent below C7. Reflex activity is present. How should this patient’s spinal cord injury be classified on the ASIA Impairment Scale?
A) ASIA A (Complete)
B) ASIA B (Sensory Incomplete)
C) ASIA C (Motor Incomplete)
D) ASIA D (Motor Incomplete)
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Carlos is a long-distance runner who presents with deep groin pain that worsens with running and prolonged sitting. He also reports occasional clicking and a sensation of instability in the left hip. Examination reveals full strength and range of motion, but pain is elicited during specific hip movements that compress the joint. Which clinical test is MOST appropriate to confirm the suspected diagnosis?
A) FABER test
B) Thomas test
C) Scour test
D) FADIR test
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Beniah is a 21-year-old female soccer player who presents with right knee pain and instability after pivoting during a game. She reports hearing a “pop” at the time of injury and is now hesitant to bear weight. Examination reveals mild swelling, limited range of motion, and hamstring guarding. Which special test is MOST sensitive for detecting an ACL tear in this patient?
A) Lachman test
B) Anterior drawer test
C) Pivot shift test
D) Valgus stress test
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Heather is a female with diabetes who is referred to physical therapy for evaluation of a right heel wound. The wound measures 4 cm in diameter, shows a dry black eschar covering the entire wound bed, and has no surrounding erythema or drainage. The patient denies pain at the wound site. Which wound stage is MOST consistent with the described findings?
A) Stage II
B) Stage III
C) Stage IV
D) Unstageable
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Jessica presents with a C6 spinal cord injury and is being fitted for a wheelchair. She has full innervation of the deltoids, biceps, and wrist extensors but lacks active triceps function. The patient requires independence in propulsion and activities of daily living. During assessment, she demonstrates forward shoulder positioning and mild scapular instability. Which wheelchair feature is MOST appropriate to optimize the patient’s function and minimize shoulder strain?
A) Reclining backrest to improve postural support
B) Lightweight frame with adjustable axle position
C) High backrest to improve scapular stability
D) Elevating leg rests to reduce shoulder loading
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- www.nptecheatsheet.com/wheelchair-prescription
Teniah was admitted to the acute care hospital with community-acquired pneumonia. She reports shortness of breath and fatigue. Auscultation reveals decreased breath sounds in the right lower lobe, and SpO₂ drops from 95% to 88% with exertion. Resting vital signs: HR 92 bpm, BP 142/86 mmHg, RR 22 breaths per minute. Which finding requires the MOST immediate communication with the medical team?
A) Decreased breath sounds in the right lower lobe
B) Blood pressure of 142/86 mmHg
C) Resting respiratory rate of 22 breaths per minute
D) Oxygen desaturation to 88% with exertion
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Jamie presents with stage 3 Parkinson’s disease and marked presbycusis and reports frequent freezing episodes during ambulation. She demonstrates a reduced step length and minimal arm swing. Her goal is to improve safety and mobility. Which intervention is MOST appropriate to address the patient’s freezing episodes?
A) Dynamic balance training
B) Rhythmic auditory cueing
C) External visual cues
D) Strengthening postural muscles
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- www.nptecheatsheet.com/parkinsons-overview
Travasia is 4 weeks post-supraspinatus repair. She reports mild soreness but no significant pain. Examination reveals limited passive shoulder elevation beyond 90° due to stiffness and marked restriction in active range of motion. Which intervention is MOST appropriate at this stage?
A) Resisted external rotation with a resistance band
B) Active-assisted range of motion for shoulder flexion
C) Pendulum exercises for shoulder mobility
D) Isometric strengthening of the supraspinatus
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Narek reports progressive gait difficulties, including frequent tripping and reduced foot clearance during swing phase. Which examination is MOST appropriate to evaluate the primary cause of his impairments?
A) Neurological assessment of the deep common peroneal nerve
B) Assessment of proprioception in the lower extremities
C) Passive motion of the ankle into plantarflexion
D) Skin assessment on the bottom of the heel
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Talar is a diabetic patient that presents with a chronic foot ulcer that has not healed despite standard care. The ulcer is clean, but the tissue around the wound is swollen and warm, and there is noticeable erythema. What is the MOST likely underlying cause of this condition?
A) Poor wound dressing technique
B) Venous insufficiency Infection
C) Necrotic tissue
D) Infection
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Jamie is a 68 year old male with a history of hypertension presents with dizziness, palpitations, and shortness of breath. An ECG reveals a regular rhythm at 110 bpm with narrow QRS complexes and absent P waves. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?
A) Atrial fibrillation
B) Paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia (PSVT)
C) Ventricular tachycardia
D) Sinus tachycardia
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Hamza is 3 weeks post-stroke and presents with right-sided hemiparesis. He is able to sit unsupported but struggles to stand and has difficulty walking without assistance. His Brunnstrom stage is III for the right upper extremity and II for the right lower extremity. Which of the following interventions would be most appropriate for this patient to improve his functional mobility and independence?
A) Facilitate weight-bearing on the right lower extremity using assistive devices
B) Move the patient's right lower extremity through PNF patterns
C) Use body-weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT)
D) Initiate fine motor activities for the right hand to improve hand dexterity
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Milani presents with anterior shoulder pain and reports difficulty with overhead activities. The patient describes intermittent clicking and discomfort with forward reaching. On examination, the therapist observes a positive Speed’s test, normal strength in external rotation, and no pain with passive shoulder elevation. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
A. Bankart lesion
B. Subacromial bursitis
C. Biceps tendinopathy
D. Rotator cuff tendinopathy
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- www.nptecheatsheet.com/differential-shoulder
Jeremy is performing a neurological evaluation. The therapist notes repeated falls in quiet standing with a suspected forward anticipatory balance impairment. Which of the following tests is MOST likely to reveal this specific impairment?
A) Functional Reach Test
B) Romberg Test
C) Sensory Organization Test
D) Standing in tandem with eyes closed
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- Practice Question Club: www.npteclub.com
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A 45-year-old female presents to physical therapy with complaints of persistent fatigue, and unexplained weight loss. Upon examination, the therapist notes tachycardia, low blood pressure episodes, and excessive sweating. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
A) Graves Disease
B) Cor Pulmonale
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Adrenocortical hyperplasia
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- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
- Truelearn: USE CODE: PTH020
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Are you a PT wondering where you'll find the money to pay off your student loan debt?
In this exclusive episode, Coach K and his long-term mentor and best friend Greg Todd discuss what they'd do differently after Passing the NPTE to build financial freedom.
Check out Greg's Exclusive Resources for Clinical Files Listeners Only!
- Side Hustle Checklist - https://smartsuccesshealthcare.com/sidehustlekr
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- How to Build Your First Digital Product as a New Grad - https://smartsuccesshealthcare.com/digitalkr
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Lina presents with a history of chronic heart failure, increased dyspnea and fatigue during daily activities. The physical therapist plans to implement an aerobic exercise program. Which of the following exercise protocols is MOST appropriate for this patient?
A) 70-85% of HRmax, 5 times per week, for 45-60 minutes
B) 50-60% of HRR, 3 times per week, for 20-40 minutes
C) 30-40% of HRmax, daily, for 10-15 minutes
D) 80-90% of HRR, 4 times per week, for 60 minutes
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- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
- Truelearn: USE CODE: PTH020
- Free Cheatsheets: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Bronny presents to the hospital with burns to the anterior neck, chest, axillas, and cubital fossa regions. Which of the following positions is the BEST for this patient?
A. Cervical slight extension, arm abduction with elbow extension
B. Neutral cervical spine, shoulder external rotation with wrist extension
C. Cervical slight flexion, arm elevated and elbow extended
D. Cervical extension with arm abduction and elbow flexion
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Cory is a 3 year old child presents with severe hypotonia. The child has difficulty maintaining an upright posture and frequently collapses when attempting to sit or stand. Which of the following interventions would be MOST appropriate?
A. Sitting balance exercises on an unstable surface such as a wobble cushion
B. Passive stretching of the hamstrings to improve flexibility
C. Practicing squats with support to encourage leg strength
D. Rhythmic stabilization exercises in a seated position on a therapy ball
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- Free Cheatsheets: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Everett presents with right groin pain. Which of the following conditions must be ruled out FIRST?
A) Diverticulitis
B) L2 nerve root compression
C) Appendicitis
D) Psoas abscess
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Calen presents to physical therapy with difficulty grasping a glass. Upon examination, the patient has diminished joint mobility at the 2nd MCP and difficulty performing abduction of the digit. Which of the following glides is the MOST effective?
A. Volar glide
B. Dorsal glide
C. Radial glide
D. Medial glide
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During a clinical evaluation, Aiyinde notices that a patient exhibits pronounced anterior pelvic tilt while standing but this posture significantly improves when the patient engages in a squat. This observation is MOST likely due to tightness in which of the following muscles?
A. Iliopsoas
B. Gluteus maximus
C. Rectus abdominis
D. Biceps femoris (long head)
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Wajiha presents with a chief complaint of dizziness upon waking and difficulty washing hair secondary to the onset of dizziness. The patient is currently unable to reach down to pick up objects from the floor. The patient denies heart palpitations and states that she has frequent nausea but does not vomit. What condition is the MOST likely present?
A. Meniere’s Disease
B. Canalithiasis
C. Optic neuritis
D. Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex impairment
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- Practice Question Club: www.npteclub.com
- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
- NPTE Cheat Sheets: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Kyle is treating a patient in stage 1 of complete decongestive therapy (CDT). Which of the following is NOT a primary focus in this phase:
A. Manual lymphatic drainage and short stretch bandages
B. Use of a customized compression garment
C. Education on keeping the skin clean and dry
D. Exercising the trunk before affected extremities
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- Free Cheatsheets: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Jared presents with a history of cataracts and has been experiencing repeated falls at home. Six months ago, his home was remodeled, and new carpets were installed, coinciding with the onset of the falls. Which sensory system is the patient MOST dependent on for balance?
A. Vision, somatosensory, and vestibular
B. Vision and somatosensory
C. Somatosensory
D. Vestibular
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- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
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Kelly a 30-year-old marathon runner presents with a gradual onset of persistent pain at the base of the first metatarsal, which intensifies during long runs and eases with rest. Examination reveals localized swelling, tenderness on palpation, and pain during passive extension of the big toe. Radiographs show no fractures but a slight increase in the space between the first and second metatarsal bones. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?
A) Turf toe
B) Sesamoiditis
C) Hallux valgus
D) Metatarsalgia
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- Practice Question Club: www.npteclub.com
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Jane has a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and is performing marching and lunges during an in-home visit. The patient suddenly reports chest pain, shortness of breath, and dizziness. The physical therapist's IMMEDIATE action should be:
A. Stop the exercise and have the patient sit down
B. Administer nitroglycerin and continue the exercise at a lower intensity
C. Call emergency medical services (EMS) immediately
D. Measure the patient's blood pressure and heart rate
LINKS MENTIONED:
- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
- Practice Question Club: www.npteclub.com
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Matt, a 17-year-old athlete, experiences chronic muscle weakness, foot deformities (high arches and hammer toes), and sensory deficits in his legs and feet. These symptoms have been progressively worsening over the past few years, without any associated swelling or inflammation. Which condition is MOST likely present?
A) Osteomyelitis
B) Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
C) Sever's disease
D) Hereditary Motor & Sensory Neuropathy (HMSN)
LINKS MENTIONED:
- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
- Truelearn: USE CODE: PTH020
- Free Cheatsheets: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Suely a 40-year-old female with multiple sclerosis (MS) presents with ataxic gait, characterized by wide base of support, irregular steps, and difficulty maintaining balance. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate to address her gait abnormalities?
A. High-intensity plyometric exercises
B. Treadmill training with body-weight support
C. Functional electrical stimulation (FES) of the quadriceps
D. Static stretching of the lower extremities
LINKS MENTIONED:
- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
- PT Hustle Phone Number: (727) 732-4573
- Free Cheatsheets: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Blakely is a 65-year-old female with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus presents with a non-healing wound on her left foot. The wound has been present for six weeks and shows no signs of improvement. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate to promote wound healing?
A. Hydrotherapy with whirlpool
B. Application of a moist wound dressing
C. Daily debridement with a dry gauze
D. Use of systemic antibiotics only
LINKS MENTIONED:
- NPTE Tips & Tricks
- PT Hustle Phone Number: (727) 732-4573
- PT Hustle Practice Question Bootcamp
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Raj presents with anterior knee pain that worsens during prolonged cycling. Which of the following adjustments to the bike setup would be MOST beneficial in alleviating the cyclist's symptoms?
A. Lowering the saddle height
B. Raising the saddle height
C. Moving the saddle forward
D. Moving the saddle backward
LINKS MENTIONED:
- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
- PT Hustle Phone Number: (727) 732-4573
- Free Cheatsheets: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Caden is a physical therapist who notes that a patient with a recent ACL reconstruction is reluctant to perform weight-bearing exercises. The patient expresses fear of re-injury. The MOST appropriate response to facilitate rehabilitation progress would involve:
A. Encouraging the patient to ignore the fear and push through discomfort.
B. Implementing graded exposure therapy and psychological support to address fear-avoidance behaviors.
C. Focusing exclusively on non-weight-bearing exercises until the fear subsides.
D. Increasing the intensity of weight-bearing exercises to quickly regain strength.
LINKS MENTIONED:
- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
- PT Hustle Phone Number: (727) 732-4573
- Free Cheatsheets: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Xavier is a patient who recently underwent hip replacement surgery and is now at a rehabilitation facility with a weight-bearing as tolerated (WBAT) status. The patient is 75 years old with mild Parkinson’s disease, affecting his balance and coordination. Given these considerations, which assistive device would be MOST appropriate for this patient during the initial phase of recovery?
A) Standard cane
B) Quad cane
C) Front-wheeled walker
D) Rollator walker
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Truelearn: USE CODE: PTH020
- Get Your Episode Cheatsheet here: https://www.nptecheatsheet.com/assistive-ad
- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
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Gerard arrives at physical therapy reporting acute lower back pain following an attempt to lift a heavy box. The pain radiates into both lower extremities constantly. During examination, all lumbar motions exacerbate the pain, and the patient prefers to stand and sit with increased lumbar flexion. Which pathology is MOST likely present?
A) Lumbar Herniated Disc
B) Facet Joint Syndrome
C) Sacroiliac Joint Dysfunction
D) Ankylosing Spondylitis
LINKS MENTIONED:
- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
- Truelearn: USE CODE: PTH020
- PT Hustle Phone Number: (727) 732-4573
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Margot, a 53-year-old woman, presents to physical therapy with bilateral, symmetrical enlargement of her legs extending from her hips to her ankles, sparing the feet. She reports the condition is painful and has worsened over several years. Skin texture is normal, and there is no pitting edema. Which condition is MOST consistent with these findings?
A) Chronic venous insufficiency
B) Obesity-related lymphedema
C) Primary lymphedema
D) Lipedema
LINKS MENTIONED:
- PT Hustle Phone Number: (727) 732-4573
- Get Your Episode Cheatsheet HERE
- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
- Truelearn: USE CODE: PTH020
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Jerry, a patient with type 2 diabetes, has been prescribed metformin to manage his blood glucose levels. The physical therapist understands that metformin’s primary function is to:
A) Stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin.
B) Decrease the liver's production of glucose.
C) Increase the sensitivity of insulin receptors on cells.
D) Slow the absorption of sugar from the intestines.
LINKS MENTIONED:
- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
- Get Your Episode Cheatsheet here: https://www.nptecheatsheet.com/meds
- Truelearn: USE CODE: PTH020
- PT Hustle Phone Number: (727) 732-4573
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Julian, a 59-year-old patient with a longstanding history of type 2 diabetes, presents with a chronic, non-healing wound on his foot. The wound is located on the lateral aspect of the foot, characterized by a sharply demarcated, circular margin, and a pale, dry base with minimal exudate. His medical history includes poorly controlled hypertension and intermittent claudication. What is the most likely classification of this ulcer?
A) Venous ulcer
B) Mixed arterial-venous ulcer
C) Pure arterial ulcer
D) Neuropathic ulcer
LINKS MENTIONED:
- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
- Get Your Episode Cheatsheet here: https://www.nptecheatsheet.com/ulcerclass
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Richard is a 75-year-old male patient being treated by physical therapy. In educating a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) about managing exacerbations at home, what advice should the physical therapist emphasize as MOST important?
A. Use of an incentive spirometer every 2 hours while awake.
B. Maintenance of a high-protein, low-carbohydrate diet.
C. Participation in daily, moderate-intensity aerobic exercise.
D. Keeping the home environment well-ventilated and free of irritants.
LINKS MENTIONED:
- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
- Get Your Episode Cheatsheet here: https://www.nptecheatsheet.com/pulmonaryinterventions
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Vivek is being seen by physical therapy after recovering well from a stroke. The patient is refining gait during the autonomous stage of motor learning. Which activity is BEST to challenge their gait adaptability?
A. Walking backwards on a treadmill
B. Navigating a cluttered hallway
C. Stepping over obstacles at 6 inch heights
D. Reciprocal pedaling on a stationary bike
LINKS MENTIONED:
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- Get Your Episode Cheatsheet here: https://www.nptecheatsheet.com/motor
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Henry presents with right-sided congestive heart failure and reports slight limitations in physical activity. The patient is comfortable at rest; however, ordinary physical activity results in fatigue, palpitation, or dyspnea. Based on this description, which of the following activities is the patient MOST likely able to do without exacerbating their symptoms?A) Climbing two flights of stairs without stoppingB) Walking 3mph on a treadmillC) Laying flat in Trendelenburg positionD) Running a short distance
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- NPTE Tips & Tricks: www.nptegroup.com
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Andrea is a 45-year-old patient presents to physical therapy with complaints of fluctuating muscle weakness, notably worsening toward the evening. The patient reports difficulty maintaining upward gaze and a history of transient diplopia. No sensory deficits were reported. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely?A) Multiple Sclerosis (MS)B) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)C) Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS)D) Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
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A physical therapy clinic is planning to install a new wheelchair ramp that incorporates a switchback for space efficiency. According to ADA guidelines, what is the MINIMUM required landing size at the switchback to ensure compliance and safety?
A) 36 inches by 36 inches
B) 48 inches by 48 inches
C) 60 inches by 60 inches
D) 72 inches by 72 inches
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Get Your Episode Cheatsheet here: https://www.nptecheatsheet.com/wheelchairs
- Check out our Instagram account: www.nptegroup.com
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Jessie is a 12-year-old male patient who presents with an onset of groin pain. The patient has a BMI of 28 and a recent growth spurt. The physical therapist notes the patient has a limp with external rotation of the affected leg during ambulation. Which of the following diagnoses is MOST likely?
A) Legg-Calvé-Perthes Disease
B) Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
C) Osgood-Schlatter Disease
D) Septic Arthritis
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Joscelin receives a referral for a patient with a diagnosis that the therapist is unfamiliar with. What is the INITIAL course of action?
A. Decline the referral, citing lack of expertise
B. Accept the patient and start treatment
C. Research the condition
D. Refer the patient to another therapist
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Join the group specifically built to help PT Students DOMINATE the NPTE: www.nptegroup.com
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Vicky is 67-year-old female with advanced osteoarthritis is scheduled for a total hip arthroplasty. The orthopedic surgeon decides on a posterior approach. Which of the following is the PRIMARY reason for utilizing a posterior approach during the procedure?
A. Minimize disruption to hip flexors
B. Provide better access to the acetabulum
C. Avoid risk to the sciatic nerve
D. Reduce surgical time
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
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Jess is working with a patient who has sustained a low-energy hip fracture. These types of fractures are MOST common in which population?
A. High-performance athletes during intense training.
B. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
C. Children between the ages of 5-10 years.
D. Middle-aged men during heavy weightlifting sessions.
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
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Jess is working with a patient who has sustained a low-energy hip fracture. These types of fractures are MOST common in which population?
A. High-performance athletes during intense training.
B. Postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.
C. Children between the ages of 5-10 years.
D. Middle-aged men during heavy weightlifting sessions.
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Are you looking for a bundle of Coach K’s Top MSK Cheatsheets? Look no further: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Kemmie is a 48-year-old female patient, who was recently involved in a motor vehicle accident and presents with a T10 level spinal cord injury. In addition to bladder dysfunction and decreased sensation below the level of injury, she is MOST likely to exhibit which of the following?
A. Quadriplegia
B. Absent lower extremity reflexes
C. Absent sensation in C7 dermatome
D. Normal upper extremity strength
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
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Jerry presents with a history of myocardial infarction and reports experiencing chest pain during exercise. Which of the following interventions would be MOST appropriate?
A. Discontinue exercise immediately and refer the patient to a physician
B. Continue exercise at a reduced intensity level
C. Increase the duration of exercise to build endurance
D. Use resistance training to improve cardiac function
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Are you looking for a bundle of Coach K’s Top MSK Cheatsheets? Look no further: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Heather is a 65-year-old patient being evaluated for balance issues and frequent falls. She exhibits a wide-based, unsteady gait and a positive Romberg test but shows no muscle weakness. What system impairment is most likely contributing to her balance problem?
A. Musculoskeletal System
B. Vestibular System
C. Visual System
D. Somatosensory System
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
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Jimare presents with a rotator cuff injury with limitations into internal rotation passively but has full active external range of motion. Which of the following interventions is the MOST likely to be effective:
A. Stretching of internal rotators
B. Strengthening of internal rotators
C. Stretching of the external rotators
D. Anterior capsule stretching
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Are you looking for a bundle of Coach K’s Top MSK Cheatsheets? Look no further: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Jaquay is treating a patient with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who complains of dyspnea during daily activities. The patient's SpO2 levels tend to drop below 88% with mild exertion. In addition to continuing with a general exercise program, which of the following interventions would be the MOST beneficial for this patient?
A. Instructing the patient in diaphragmatic breathing and pursed-lip breathing.
B. Encouraging the patient to hold their breath during activities to conserve oxygen.
C. Reducing the intensity of the exercise program to avoid any further dyspnea.
D. Training the patient in quick, shallow breathing to increase oxygen intake.
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Are you looking for a bundle of Coach K’s Top MSK Cheatsheets? Look no further: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Blane is reviewing a patient's electronic health record and notes that the patient has been prescribed baclofen. The therapist should understand that baclofen is primarily used for which of the following purposes?
A. Relief of skeletal muscle spasms
B. Increasing heart rate and blood pressure
C. Managing symptoms of Parkinson's disease
D. Lowering blood sugar levels
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Are you looking for a bundle of Coach K’s Top MSK Cheatsheets? Look no further: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Bethany is evaluating a patient with hemiplegia who has increased tone in the upper extremity. The therapist uses the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) to grade the patient's muscle spasticity. The therapist describes the patient's resistance to movement as a "more marked increase in tone, but limb easily flexed". According to the MAS, how would this patient's spasticity be graded?
A. 1
B. 1+
C. 2
D. 3
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Are you looking for a bundle of Coach K’s Top MSK Cheatsheets? Look no further: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Jesse presents with decreased sensation in the left leg and reports difficulty with dorsiflexion and inversion of the foot. Which of the following nerves is MOST likely affected?
A. Femoral nerve B. Tibial nerve C. Common peroneal nerve D. Obturator nerve
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
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Jess is treating an elderly female in the acute care setting who has just had an uncemented total hip arthroplasty via a posterior approach. Which of the following precautions should be instructed to the patient during the early postoperative period?
A. Avoid full weightbearing on the operated leg
B. Avoid external rotation of the hip
C. Avoid hip flexion
D. Avoid hip abduction
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Are you looking for a bundle of Coach K’s Top MSK Cheatsheets? Look no further: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Lani is a 15-year-old male who presents with sudden onset of severe headache, neck stiffness, photophobia and a fever. On examination, he has both Kernig's and Brudzinski's signs. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
A. Meningitis
B. Migraine headache
C. Cluster headache
D. Tension headache
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
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Wei presents with severe pain and swelling in her knee after a fall. The therapist performs a diagnostic test for a medial meniscus tear, which results in the patient experiencing pain and clicking. Which of the following tests is MOST appropriate for confirming a medial meniscus tear?
A) McMurray test
B) Lachman test
C) Anterior drawer test
D) Posterior drawer test
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
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Madison is treating a patient with Parkinson's disease who is experiencing gait dysfunction. The therapist decides to incorporate rhythmical auditory stimulation (RAS) into the treatment plan. Which of the following is an accurate statement regarding the use of RAS in treating gait dysfunction in a patient with Parkinson's disease?
A. RAS is contraindicated in patients with Parkinson's disease
B. RAS has been shown to be effective in improving gait in a patient with Parkinson's disease
C. RAS is only effective in patients with advanced stages of Parkinson's disease
D. RAS has no effect on gait dysfunction in a patient with Parkinson's disease
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Are you looking for a bundle of Coach K’s Top MSK Cheatsheets? Look no further: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Kofi is a physical therapist treating a patient with an acute rotator cuff tear. Which of the following interventions is MOST appropriate for improving the range of motion in this patient?
A) Eccentric strengthening exercises
B) Passive range of motion exercises
C) Isometric strengthening exercises
D) Active range of motion exercises
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Are you looking for a bundle of Coach K’s Top MSK Cheatsheets? Look no further: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Jackson presents with complaints of numbness and tingling throughout their right hand. The therapist performs a neural tension test on the patient, which reproduces the patient's symptoms. Which of the following is MOST likely involved?
A) Median nerve
B) Ulnar nerve
C) Radial nerve
D) Brachial plexus
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
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Niamh is a 22-year-old patient with a previous forearm laceration presenting with a raised scar that is tender to touch. The therapist would like to use iontophoresis with the appropriate parameters. Which of the following is the MOST recommended for this patient:
A. Dexamethosone with positive polarity
B. Acetic Acid with negative polarity
C. Dexamethosone with negative polarity
D. Acetic Acid with positive polarity
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
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Sajan presents with lower back pain and reports that the pain has been persistent without lasting relief. The treating therapist would like to use low-rate TENS with 2 Hz and 200 microseconds parameters. Which of the following is the MOST likely reason for the selected parameters:
A. Acute Pain
B. Chronic Pain
C. Patient’s sensitivity to electrical stimulation
D. Patient has a pacemaker
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Are you looking for a bundle of Coach K’s Top MSK Cheatsheets? Look no further: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Kaida patient presents with severe epigastric pain that radiates to her back, accompanied by nausea and vomiting. She reports a history of heavy alcohol use and a recent episode of gallbladder stones. Upon examination, there is tenderness in the upper abdomen and elevated serum lipase levels. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?A. PancreatitisB. GastritisC. Peptic ulcer diseaseD. Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
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Hadiya is a 60-year-old female who presents to physical therapy with a diagnosis of generalized weakness and a bone Mineral Density T-Score of -1.5. Which of the following interventions is the MOST recommended: A. Marching in 5ft of waterB. Supine abdominal crunchesC. Endurance training on an upper body ergometerD. Stair climbing
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Are you looking for a bundle of Coach K’s Top MSK Cheatsheets? Look no further: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Freyja presents with a history of myocardial infarction and reports experiencing chest pain during exercise. Which of the following interventions would be MOST appropriate? A. Discontinue exercise immediately and refer the patient to a physician B. Continue exercise at a reduced intensity levelC. Increase the duration of exercise to build endurance D. Use resistance training to improve cardiac function
LINKS MENTIONED:
- Did you get this question wrong?! If you were stuck between two answers and selected the wrong one, then you need to visit www.NPTEPASS.com, to learn about the #1 solution to STOP getting stuck.
- Are you looking for a bundle of Coach K’s Top MSK Cheatsheets? Look no further: www.nptecheatsheets.com
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Efe presents to physical therapy with hip pain. During a routine examination, the patient lacks hip extension, has a positive Thomas test, and has excessive anterior pelvic tilt. Which of the following tissues is the MOST likely shortened?A. Rectus femoris B. IliopsoasC. HamstringsD. Tensor Fascia Latae
LINKS MENTIONED:
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Dariana is a 70-year-old patient who presents to physical therapy with a history of congestive heart failure. Upon examination, the patient has significant edema in the lower extremities. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate intervention for this patient? A. Lower extremity strengthening exercises B. Cardiovascular exerciseC. Trendelenburg positioningD. Postural drainage and percussion
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Aiko is treating an uninsured patient who cannot afford the cost of treatment. The patient's condition is chronic and requires specialized ongoing care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. What is the MOST appropriate action for the physical therapist to take in this situation?
A. Continue with treatment as usual and ask the patient to pay what they can, even if it means reducing the frequency or duration of treatment
B. Refer the patient to a low-cost or free clinic that can provide basic care
C. Discharge the patient from treatment due to their inability to pay
D. Provide the necessary care regardless of the patient's ability to pay and work with the patient to find solutions for managing the cost of treatment
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Laird is treating a patient who has recently undergone a posterolateral total hip replacement surgery. Which of the following postoperative complications should the therapist be MOST concerned about observing during the examination?A. Hematoma B. NeuroborreliosisC. Infection D. Anterior dislocation of the hip implant
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Janese is a young child who presents to physical therapy with a medical diagnosis of clubfoot. Which of the following is the correct description:
A. Plantarflexion, eversion, adduction
B. Dorsiflexion, inversion, adduction
C. Plantarflexion, inversion, adduction
D. Dorsiflexion, eversion, abduction
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Lizzie is performing a routine examination on a patient with a suspected subacromial impingement. Which of the following should be assessed FIRST?
A. Shoulder abduction active range of motion
B. External rotation manual muscle testing
C. Gross shoulder joint mobility
D. Lateral shoulder palpation
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India is treating a patient who is frequently late or misses appointments. The patient has a history of poor time management and has apologized for their behavior. What is the MOST appropriate action for the physical therapist to take in this situation?
A. Ignore the patient's tardiness or missed appointments and continue with treatment as usual
B. Explain the importance of being on time and set clear expectations for the patient's attendance
C. Discharge the patient from treatment for noncompliance
D. Report the patient's behavior to their primary care physician.
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Hannah is treating a patient who discloses that they are currently experiencing depression and anxiety. The patient expresses concern that these conditions may interfere with their ability to adhere to their rehabilitation program. What is the MOST appropriate action for the physical therapist to take?
A. Focus solely on the physical rehabilitation program
B. Acknowledge the patient's concerns but continue with the current program
C. Refer the patient to a mental health professional for evaluation and treatment
D. Modify the rehabilitation program to incorporate strategies to address the patient's mental health concerns
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Janie is a 50-year-old female who presents with a complaint of chronic low back pain. On examination, the patient reports that she spends most of her day sitting at a desk for work and has limited physical activity. Which of the following is the most appropriate INITIAL recommendation:
A. Referral to a pain management specialist for further evaluation
B. Prescription of a strengthening program for the low back and core
C. Recommendation for the use of a lumbar support cushion while sitting
D. Recommendation for a program focused on improving posture and ergonomics
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Hal is researching common referral sites for pathologies and conditions that affect his patient population. Which of the following is MOST likely associated with substernal chest pain that does not have a referral pain pattern?
A. Neurological
B. Gastrointestinal
C. Breast pain
D. Anxiety
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April is examining a patient with cardiorespiratory dysfunction. The patient denies any co-existing respiratory disorder however reports a recent trauma to chest. Upon examination, the patient has chest pain that is intensified with inspiration and a non-productive cough. Which of the following pathologies is the MOST likely present?
A. Pulmonary embolism
B. Pleurisy
C. Pneumothorax
D. Pneumonia
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Jessica, 15-year-old female patient sustained an injury while rollerblading, landing on her right arm. She describes the pain as “deep, nagging, & dull.” Based on the pain description, which of the following structures is MOST likely affected?
A. Muscle
B. Bone
C. Fracture
D. Vasculature
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Blake is a 45-year-old male patient with chest pain at rest, pallor, palpitations, hypertension, and an elevated blood serum cholesterol level of 242 mg/dL. All of these clinical signs and symptoms are MOST likely red flags indicative of which of the following conditions?
A. Stable angina pectoris
B. Unstable angina pectoris
C. Pericarditis
D. Peptic ulcer
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Ryan presents with anterolateral leg pain and reports progressive worsening since an increase in his training regimen over the past two weeks. Symptoms appear in the later stages of running and last 2-3 hours after the run. The anterior tibialis muscle is tender and taut on palpation. Resisted dorsiflexion is strong but reproduces the patient's pain. Which of the following is the MOST likely diagnosis?
A. Medial Tibial Stress Syndrome
B. Stress fracture
C. Acute compartment syndrome
D. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome
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Kemp is treating a patient with lymphedema who presents to physical therapy with a script for wound care. The patient’s chart describes the wound bed as shallow and irregular on the anteromedial lower leg. In addition, the peri-wound area is described as scaly, weepy, and warm with hemosiderin staining. Which wound type does the patient MOST likely have based on this clinical presentation?
A. Vascular venous
B. Arterial
C. Mixed
D. Inflammatory vasculitis
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Rosa presents with a history of CAD and has complaints of pale cool skin on the right lower extremity. The therapist suspects a femoral artery dysfunction. Which of the following pulses is BEST to indicate an impaired flow or blockage in femoral artery?
A. Carotid
B. Femoral
C. Popliteal
D. Pedal
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Estephania is treating a patient with a transfemoral amputation who presents with excessive right hip flexion during routine gait analysis. Upon examination, the patient has 4/5 gross MMT and decreased right hip extension range of motion. Which of the following interventions is the MOST appropriate?
A. Single leg bridging
B. Prone lying positioning
C. 6’’ step downs
D. Anterior stump desensitization
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Bhava is a physical therapist who is educating a group of practitioners on indications for cardiac rehabilitation. Which of the following diagnoses is the LEAST appropriate for a formal cardiac rehabilitation program?
A. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
B. Acute myocardial infarction
C. Chronic heart failure with unstable angina
D. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
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Heather is a 32-year-old who presents two weeks postpartum with low back pain. She has a referral to evaluate and treat her 2.25cm diastasis recti. Which of the following interventions would be the MOST appropriate to treat this condition?
A. Hooklying abdominal crunches
B. Hooklying head lifts while hands crossed over midline
C. Hooklying diagonal trunk curls
D. Supine pelvic floor repeated contraction
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Blherim performs a routine examination of a patient's neurological function of their hand. Using calipers with a fine tip, the patient can perceive two points when the distance between the points is 11mm or greater. This finding is MOST consistent with which of the following:
A. Dorsal column injury
B. Anterior horn cell lesion
C. Spinocerebellar tract lesion
D. Damage to the precentral gyrus
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Jenny presents with an idiopathic onset of anterior shoulder pain. Which of the following is NOT consistent with a musculoskeletal origin:
A. Night pain while lying on the affected side
B. Intractable pain
C. Positive Hornblower's sign
D. No change in symptoms with bowel movements
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Jesse presents with complaints of right lateral knee pain. Upon gait assessment, the patient has significant overpronation on the right. Which of the following examination findings would BEST explain the observed overpronation?
A. Forefoot valgus
B. Femoral anteversion
C. Genu varum
D. Hip flexor weakness
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Sohaila is a clinical instructor testing her student on the physiological effects of cryotherapy. Which of the following is NOT an effect of cryotherapy?
A. Pain reduction
B. Decrease in spasticity
C. Reduction in joint stiffness
D. Decrease in nerve conduction velocity
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Roger is status post cerebrovascular accident and is being evaluated by physical therapy. The patient seems to disregard safety and repeatedly falls onto their weak side. Which of the following is a diagnostic factor of Pusher Syndrome:
A. Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation
B. Trunk lean towards the uninvolved side
C. Abduction of the uninvolved extremities
D. Inability to push through involved upper extremity
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Jenny is assessing an immobilized patient with a sacral pressure wound. During the assessment, the therapist examines the change in wound and surrounding skin attributes, reduction in wound depth, change in exudate characteristics, and wound closure. These performance indicators are all associated with which of the following outcomes?
A. Progression through the phases of wound healing
B. Oxygenation or perfusion of tissue
C. Reduced or controlled edema
D. Infection control
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Jenny is assessing an immobilized patient with a sacral pressure wound. During the assessment, the therapist examines the change in wound and surrounding skin attributes, reduction in wound depth, change in exudate characteristics, and wound closure. These performance indicators are all associated with which of the following outcomes?
A. Progression through the phases of wound healing
B. Oxygenation or perfusion of tissue
C. Reduced or controlled edema
D. Infection control
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Hasim is educating a patient on the negative effects of diabetes on the body. Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of untreated or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
A. Polyuria
B. Polydipsia
C. Polyphagia
D. Weight gain
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Hasim is educating a patient on the negative effects of diabetes on the body. Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of untreated or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus?
A. Polyuria
B. Polydipsia
C. Polyphagia
D. Weight gain
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Juri is performing elbow flexion manual muscle testing on a 16-year-old male athlete. Elbow flexion was graded a 4 out of 5, and the motion was strong but painful. Based on the findings, the therapist should reasonably conclude which of the following?
A. No lesion or neurological deficit involving the tested muscle and tendon
B. Minor lesion of the tested muscle or tendon
C. Disorder of the neuromuscular junction
D. Complete rupture of the tested muscle or tendon
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Juri is performing elbow flexion manual muscle testing on a 16-year-old male athlete. Elbow flexion was graded a 4 out of 5, and the motion was strong but painful. Based on the findings, the therapist should reasonably conclude which of the following?
A. No lesion or neurological deficit involving the tested muscle and tendon
B. Minor lesion of the tested muscle or tendon
C. Disorder of the neuromuscular junction
D. Complete rupture of the tested muscle or tendon
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Mariah finds in the literature that the Homans’ sign to screen for DVT is no longer advocated because the test lacks sensitivity and specificity. Which of the following is a consequence of a false-negative test?
A. Receiving treatment when it is indicated
B. Not receiving treatment when it is indicated
C. Unnecessary treatment or further diagnostic testing
D. Positive test result but the characteristic was absent
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Jeroomie presents with suspected hypovolemia after a long outing in the sun. Which of the following is the MOST anticipated finding:
A. Arterial dilation
B. Elevated heart rate with standing
C. Bounding pulse
D. Elevated central venous pressure
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Jeroomie presents with suspected hypovolemia after a long outing in the sun. Which of the following is the MOST anticipated finding:
A. Arterial dilation
B. Elevated heart rate with standing
C. Bounding pulse
D. Elevated central venous pressure
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Simon presents to the clinic with complaints of "room spinning" and transient nausea. The evaluating therapist suspects cupulolithiasis. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of BPPV from cupulolithiasis?
A. Immediate onset of vertigo in provoking positions
B. Presence of nystagmus
C. Persistence of vertigo and nystagmus as long as the patient is in the provoking position
D. Delayed onset of vertigo in provoking positions
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Simon presents to the clinic with complaints of "room spinning" and transient nausea. The evaluating therapist suspects cupulolithiasis. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of BPPV from cupulolithiasis?
A. Immediate onset of vertigo in provoking positions
B. Presence of nystagmus
C. Persistence of vertigo and nystagmus as long as the patient is in the provoking position
D. Delayed onset of vertigo in provoking positions
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Marco presents to physical therapy complaining of diminished grip strength and neck discomfort at rest. Upon examination, the patient has weakened finger DIP flexion and wrist extension compared to the right. The patient also has diminished sensation along the hypothenar eminence. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely present?
A. C6 nerve root impingement
B. C7 nerve root impingement
C. C8 nerve root impingement
D. T1 nerve root impingement
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Marco presents to physical therapy complaining of diminished grip strength and neck discomfort at rest. Upon examination, the patient has weakened finger DIP flexion and wrist extension compared to the right. The patient also has diminished sensation along the hypothenar eminence. Which of the following conditions is MOST likely present?
A. C6 nerve root impingement
B. C7 nerve root impingement
C. C8 nerve root impingement
D. T1 nerve root impingement
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Henry is treating a patient with severe complications after right total knee arthroplasty. The therapist is preparing a new total knee arthroplasty presentation for his healthcare team and wants to remain HIPAA compliant. Which of the following is NOT a form of protected health information covered under HIPAA? A. Patient alias
B. Medical record number
C. Photograph of the right knee
D. Home address
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Parneet is instructing a patient on properly performing stacked breathing. Which of the following is the MOST likely indication for stacked breathing:
A. Hyperventilation
B. Crackles
C. Hypoventilation
D. Limited chest wall mobility
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Jethroe oversees a research study assessing the relationship between the frequency of exercise per week and the number of falls in elderly subjects. The Pearson coefficient is found to be -0.87. When presenting this information, which of the following is the MOST accurate:
A. Exercising more often causes fewer falls in elderly subjects
B. Increased frequency of exercise has an inverse relationship with the number of falls in elderly subjects
C. Exercising more often causes a higher incidence of falls in elderly subjects
D. Increased frequency of exercise has a direct relationship with the number of falls in elderly subjects
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Brenda is treating a patient with a recent brain injury. The therapist applies a strong noxious stimulus to the patient's forearm to elicit a response. The patient is difficult to arouse but, while awake, remains confused. Which of the following should be documented in the patient's record?
A. Stupor
B. Obtunded
C. Lethargic
D. Comatose
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Breancha is treating a patient with Multiple Sclerosis and marked extensor tone in the lower extremities. Which of the following is the MOST effective strategy to reduce tone:
A. Prolonged cooling
B. Light stroking
C. Spinning in a chair
D. High-frequency vibration
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Hughandra decides to evaluate the balance of an elderly patient using the Berg Balance Scale. Which of the following is NOT an area examined using this test?
A. Unsupported sitting
B. Retrieving an object from the floor
C. Standing on one foot
D. Walking while completing horizontal head turns
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Helen is a 60-year-old who has been referred to physical therapy for balance training and fall prevention strategies. The patient's medical record describes generalized lower extremity weakness and a Bone Mineral Density T-score of -1.5. Which of the following interventions is the LEAST recommended:
A. Full squats
B. Resisted hamstring curls
C. Marching in the pool
D. Standing heel raises
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Nywening is treating a patient diagnosed with a unilateral vestibular loss after repeated ear infections. The patient's main complaint is motion sensitivity and nausea. Which of the following options is the BEST choice for treatment?
A. Canalith repositioning maneuver
B. Semont maneuver
C. Habituation exercises
D. Frenkel's exercises
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Siobahn is a 17-year-old male with a medical diagnosis of Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis and Ankylosing Spondylitis. Upon examination, the patient’s spine is hypomobile but denies pain with palpation and during spinal movements. Which of the following interventions is the MOST recommended:
A. Postural education to reduce lumbar lordosis
B. Supine abdominal crunches
C. Grade 4 mobilizations at ankylosed segments
D. Scapular stabilization exercises
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Aiden is being evaluated for mild discomfort in the right hip joint after a running injury two weeks ago. Upon examination, the patient has stiffness, hypomobility, decreased hip flexion, and internal rotation range of motion. Which of the following mobilizations should be performed FIRST:
A. Anterior
B. Inferior
C. Posterior
D. Distraction
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Carmello is performing a gait analysis and notices that the patient’s toes are the first points of contact with the ground during initial contact. Which of the following is the LEAST likely to be a possible cause of this gait deviation?
A. Leg length discrepancy
B. Reciprocal inhibition of dorsiflexors
C. Painful heel
D. Profound dorsiflexor weakness
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Francine has a past medical history of angina, depression, and acid reflux. The patient is being seen for frequent falls in the home but denies dizziness, vertigo, or sudden weakness. The therapist suspects blurred vision as the primary cause. Which of the following medications is the MOST likely contributing to the patient's falls?
A. Aspirin
B. Warfarin
C. Amitriptyline
D. Omeprazole
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Gupta is assessing a patient's posture using a new plumbline assessment tool. Upon examination, the line of gravity falls posteriorly to the cervical spine joints. Which of the following opposing muscle groups is likely the MOST active?
A. Serratus anterior
B. Longus Colli
C. Obliquus capitis superior
D. Iliocostalis Dorsi
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Vidhi is performing a chart review of his patient who has a T1 ASIA B SCI. Which of the following findings is MOST likely when treating this patient?
A. Paradoxical breathing pattern
B. Use of a mechanical ventilator
C. Moderate to maximal assistance with wheelchair to bed transfers
D. Household and community ambulator with HKAFOs and crutches
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Laura is being re-evaluated 12 weeks status post rotator cuff repair. While performing shoulder abduction actively, the therapist observes excessive clavicular elevation and lateral flexion of the trunk to the opposite side. The MOST likely cause of these findings include; diminished range of motion and
A. Inadequate serratus anterior activation
B. Posterior glenohumeral joint soft tissue tightness
C. Excess upper trapezius activation
D. Pectoralis minor tightness
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Hemisha is a student clinical intern providing an in-service about the causes of lymphedema. Which of the following is NOT a cause of secondary lymphedema?
A. Dysplasia
B. Radiation
C. Chronic venous insufficiency
D. Infection
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Bebet is recovering from a right CVA and wears a solid AFO to stabilize the left foot. While observing gait, the therapist notices lateral trunk bending towards the left during midstance. Which of the following is the best intervention to correct this problem?
A. Strengthen the hamstrings on the left side
B. Strengthen the hip abductors on the left side
C. Strengthen the hip abductors on the right side
D. Strengthen the hip flexors on the right side
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Eddy presents with a history of Parkinson’s Disease and is being seen in the inpatient hospital. The patient is ambulatory but requires close supervision by the therapist to prevent falls. Which of the following is the most appropriate focus for the physical therapist’s plan of care?
A. Wheelchair training
B. Mobility training using bilateral axillary crutches
C. Caregiver training for contact guarding during ambulation on level surfaces and stair negotiation
D. Manual perturbation training
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Kevin assesses a patient’s functional leg length difference and discovers that the right lower extremity is longer. Which of the following joint actions would LEAST likely be present due to this discrepancy?
A. Right foot in supination
B. Right sacroiliac joint in posterior rotation
C. Left sacroiliac joint in posterior rotation
D. Right knee in extension
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Rani is being treated status post bilateral Achilles tendon repair after a fall from a tall ladder. Post-surgical orders are for TTWB (Toe Touch Weight Bearing) bilaterally. Which of the following assistive devices would be the MOST appropriate?
A. Bilateral canes
B. Wheelchair
C. Axillary crutches
D. Standard walker
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Audra presents with wasting of the thenar eminence of the hand as a result of median nerve palsy. The patient’s thumb appears to have fallen in line with the fingers due to the pull of the extensor muscles. Upon examination, the patient is unable to oppose or flex the thumb. The observed clinical findings are MOST likely associated with which of the following deformities?
A. Ape hand deformity
B. Boutonniere deformity
C. Carpal tunnel syndrome
D. Benedict hand
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Saanvi is being treated by physical therapy for dizziness and functional decline. Hypoventilation is NOT a breathing pattern commonly associated with which of the following conditions?
A. Guillain-Barre
B. Myasthenia Gravis
C. Hypoxemia
D. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
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Ryland, a 13-year-old male, presents with left thoracic scoliosis. The patient denies back pain; however, the patient's Cobb angle has progressed from 20 to 27 degrees over the past year. Which of the following is MOST recommended:
A. Perform trunk strengthening exercises for muscles on the right
B. Refer the patient for an orthopedic surgery consult
C. Immediate referral for orthosis fitting
D. Advise the child's guardians to monitor progression and continue with HEP
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Manny presents to physical therapy with diabetic polyneuropathy. Which of the following skin care recommendations is the MOST appropriate for this patient?
A. Place limbs in a hot soak with epson salt
B. Moisturize feet and between toes with lanolin
C. Trim nails daily to keep them short
D. Purchase shoe wear with extra depth
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Kenny is looking to facilitate scar healing with iontophoresis. Which of the following should the therapist utilize during treatment?
A. Acetate
B. Copper
C. Dexamethasone phosphate
D. Lodine
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Devaroy presents to physical therapy with a past medical history of stable angina. The therapist wishes to avoid exercising the patient into chest pain by determining myocardial oxygen consumption associated with myocardial ischemia. Which of the following measures is the MOST important when calculating myocardial oxygen consumption?
A. Respiratory Rate
B. Diastolic Blood Pressure
C. Heart Rate
D. VO2max
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Joselito is a physical therapist treating a patient with a hemothorax and chest tube placement. During bedside treatment, the therapist knocks over the collection reservoir. Which of the following actions should the therapist take NEXT?
A. Terminate treatment and contact the physician immediately
B. Contact nursing and continue treatment
C. Place the reservoir in an upright position below the bed
D. Raise the head of the bed to 60 degrees
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Bruno is a physical therapist providing an educational workshop on lower back pain prevention. Which of the following physical activities has the MOST potential to exert the greatest pressure on the L3 vertebral disc?
A. Coughing or straining
B. Small repetitive jumps
C. Lifting a 20-kg weight with the back straight and knees bent
D. Lifting a 20-kg weight with the back bent and knees straight
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Clarissa, a 53-year-old has a positive vertebral basilar artery test. Which of the following is NOT sign or symptom expected with vertebral basilar artery dysfunction:
A. Bilateral facial numbness
B. Diplopia
C. Drop attacks
D. Ataxic gait
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Ricky is a retired bus driver who presents with persistent lower back pain. The treating therapist determines the patient has lower crossed syndrome contributing to the patient's complaints. Which of the following activities would be the MOST beneficial to address the impairments?
A. Supine lying, holding knee to the chest for 30 second holds
B. Diaphragmatic breathing
C. Single leg bridging
D. Sitting, long arc quads against resistance
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Chaitali works as a desk clerk and presents to physical therapy with mid-back and right shoulder pain. While in prone, the patient can place the arm actively in 145 degrees of abduction with the thumb pointed upward. However, the patient is unable to withstand any downward pressure. Which of the following should be documented in the patient's record:
A. 3/5 serratus anterior MMT
B. 3/5 lower trapezius MMT
C. 3-/5 Anterior deltoid MMT
D. 3/5 Rhomboids MMT
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Slate presents with reports of a new onset of right shoulder pain without incident. The patient reports symptoms at night between 12:00am – 3:00am, that is quickly relieved by food. Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely present?
A. Gastroesophageal reflux
B. Chron’s disease
C. Duodenal ulcer
D. Cholecystitis
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Yien lee is an 85-year-old patient that is being treated for functional decline. Which of the following is a normal physiological response to aging?
A. Decreased skin turgor
B. Epiphyseal plate recalcification
C. Increased FEV1
D. Increased cardiac output
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Terry presents with a damaged median nerve. Which of the following muscles is MOST likely affected?
A. Adductor pollicis
B. Flexor pollicis brevis (deep head)
C. Flexor digitorum superficialis
D. Abductor pollicus longus
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Amber is being treated for developmental hip dysplasia. The therapist would like to ensure proper formation of the femoral head and acetabulum. Which of the following positions is the MOST appropriate:
A. Hip flexion, abduction, internal rotation
B. Hip extension, adduction, external rotation
C. Hip flexion, adduction, internal rotation
D. Hip flexion, abduction, external rotation
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Charlotte presents to physical therapy with suspected nerve damage after an open radius and ulnar fracture on the right side. Upon examination, the patient has diminished sensation in the fifth digit and medial half of the fourth digits. The patient can perform the tip to tip grip with the 1st and second digits of the right hand. Which of the following findings would be the MOST consistent with this clinical picture?
A. Decreased latency of the ulnar nerve
B. 5/5 dorsal interossei manual muscle testing
C. Positive Phalen's test
D. Positive Froment's sign
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Rosie presents with a right cervical facet dysfunction. The therapist would like to educate the patient on specific movements that should be avoided in the acute phase. Which of the following is the LEAST appropriate for the patient to perform?
A. Left cervical rotation, side-bending, and extension
B. Cervical extension
C. Right cervical rotation
D. Right cervical rotation and extension
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Mitchell presents to physical therapy post left CVA with an extensor synergy pattern of the lower extremity. Upon gait assessment, which of the following compensatory gait deviations is the MOST likely present?
A. Vaulting on the sound side
B. High steppage gait on the affected side
C. Circumduction on the sound side
D. Knee buckling on the affected side
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A facility is looking to install a new ramp in order to maintain ADA compliant. The lead physical therapist is consulted to determine the facility’s needs. The therapist recommends that there be at least a 10-inch rise. Which of the following ramp lengths would BEST maintain ADA compliancy?
A. 10 feet
B. 6 feet
C. 24 feet
D. 4 feet
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Jason and Carla are the parents of a child with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (CP) and have been coming to therapy for several visits. The parents voice their concerns about wanting quicker results and request to try a hyperbaric oxygen program. Which of the following is the NEXT course of action?
A. Encourage the parents to reconsider focusing only on physical therapy goals
B. Discharge the patient from physical therapy services
C. Provide impartial and objective information about hyperbaric oxygen programs
D. Refer the patient to a pediatrician who performs hyperbaric oxygen therapy
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Brad is a 65 year old patient presents to physical therapy after falling 3 feet from a step stool at home. The patient denies any pain initially however, has developed neck pain and stiffness. Which of the following is the BEST course of action?
A. Initiate cryotherapy and education to avoid movement
B. Provide gentle mobilizations to the cervical spine
C. Refer the patient for diagnostic imaging
D. Exercise the upper extremities and trunk
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Jason is being treated in inpatient physical therapy for a traumatic brain injury (TBI). The therapist has been training the patient on using a 2-point gait pattern using a single-point cane. The patient demonstrates a clear understanding of the proper method and is able to perform the task freely in a quiet hallway. Which of the following is the BEST to improve the patient's retention of the skill?
A. Open environment, randomized practice
B. Closed environment, serial practice
C. Open environment, serial practice
D. Closed environment, blocked practice
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Helen presents with a T4 SCI and exhibits signs of autonomic dysreflexia. The therapist should anticipate which cardiovascular response:
A. Hyperemia in the lower legs and feet
B. Decreased blood pressure
C. Vasodilation in the head, neck, and arms
D. Increased heart rate
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Seina presents to physical therapy with lateral foot pain that began suddenly 2 days ago. The patient reports running and accidently stepping onto uneven pavement. The patient’s medical record includes multiple radiographs which show a noticeable fracture of the proximal fifth metatarsal. Which of the following pathologies is MOST likely present?
A. Jones fracture
B. March fracture
C. LisFranc fracture
D. Stress fracture
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Livia is two weeks status post right total knee arthroplasty. During a supine active straight leg raise, the patient is unable to extend the knee fully. Upon examination, the patient can achieve full knee extension passively. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause of the patient's deficit?
A. Tightness of the posterior capsule of the knee
B. Femoral nerve impairment
C. Popliteus muscle spasm
D. Restricted inferior patellofemoral mobility
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Jesse presents to physical therapy with complaints of mild right-sided jaw discomfort. She reports a two-year history of right-sided jaw clicking that accompanied a loss of mouth opening. Upon examination, the patient has no clicking and her mouth opening ROM is 41mm actively and 47mm passively. Which of the following pathologies is MOST likely present?
A. Disc displacement with reduction
B. Capsular fibrosis
C. Disc displacement without reduction
D. Lateral pterygoid muscle spasms
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Rick is a baseball pitcher that was injured while throwing five days ago. The patient describes a sharp shoulder pain felt during the deceleration phase of the pitch. Which of the following muscle groups is the MOST likely to be injured?
A. Subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi
B. Infraspinatus, teres minor, latissimus dorsi
C. Infraspinatus, teres minor
D. Supraspinatus, posterior deltoid, rhomboids
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Laika is a 30-year-old female who presents with intermittent lower right quadrant pain. In addition to lower back pain, the patient has been experiencing polyarthralgia that has progressed slowly over time. The patient reports that only passing stool or gas seems to relieve the symptoms. Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely present?
A. Splenitis
B. Chron's Disease
C. Appendicitis
D. Ulcerative Colitis
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Koorin is an 18-month-old child with a history of significant developmental delay. The parents report that the child is unable to sit unsupported for self-feeding. Which of the following sections should this information be documented?
A. Objective section
B. Assessment section
C. Subjective section
D. Plan section
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Gurdy is an 80-year-old female who presents with confusion and a progressive loss of memory that has been present for months. In addition, the patient has a shortened attention span and episodes of hallucinations and paranoia, especially in the late afternoons. Which of the following pathologies is the patient MOST likely experiencing?
A. Delirium
B. Cerebrovascular accident
C. Alzheimer's disease
D. Urinary tract infection
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Jason is an 11-year-old male with a nagging pain on the posterior aspect of both heels. The child is involved in multiple sports that involve frequent running and jumping. The patient has limited dorsiflexion along with pain that is elicited with mediolateral compression of lower 1/3 of the posterior calcaneus. Which of the following pathologies is the MOST likely present?
A. Sinding-Larson Johannson Syndome
B. Sever's Disease
C. Achilles Tendinopathy
D. Plantar Fascitis
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Gary presents status post anterior cerebral artery stroke. Which of the following is the LEAST likely to be a clinical manifestation of anterior cerebral artery syndrome?
A. Homonymous hemianopsia
B. Contralateral hemiparesis involving mainly the LE
C. Contralateral hemisensory loss involving mainly the LE
D. Urinary incontinence
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Curtis is being seen in a center for low vision and balance for an evaluation using the CTSIB protocol. The patient is found to become increasingly unstable when the eyes are blindfolded on level ground and when the dome is placed over the head while the foam is used. Given the prior information, which of the following conclusions is the MOST accurate?
A. The patient is dependent on the somatosensory system only
B. The patient is dependent on all three systems
C. The patient is dependent on vision only
D. The patient is dependent on the vestibular system but lacks pain, temperature, and vibration sensation
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Caihong is treating a patient with a suspected CN XI injury. Which of the following would be the LEAST likely found during a routine examination?
A. Atrophy, fasciculations, ipsilateral weakness
B. Inability to shrug ipsilateral shoulder
C. Inability to turn head contralaterally
D. Weakness of contralateral sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
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Ryllis is a 21-year-old male who presents to physical therapy complaining of severe headaches that typically occur only on the left side. The patient describes the pain as “throbbing or pulsating” and concentrated around and behind the left eye. Which of the following types of headache is the patient most likely experiencing?
A. Acute whiplash injury
B. Migraine headaches
C. Tension headaches
D. Cervicogenic headaches
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Sam is performing an educational workshop for other therapists about the proper utilization of low-dose ultrasound in clinical practice. Which of the following conditions is low-dose ultrasound considered CONTRAINDICATED:
A. Over the distal femur in a 16-year-old with quadriceps tendonitis
B. Over the site of a healing proximal humeral fracture in a 34-year-old female
C. Over the lower back in a 31-year-old female who is 2 weeks postpartum
D. Over the hip in a 60-year-old female with a total hip replacement using methyl methacrylate
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Elsa is evaluating a patient with a recent spinal cord injury. The patient presents with intact sensation along the lateral shoulders, lateral forearms, and thumbs. Myotomal testing reveals 5/5 elbow flexors, 3+/5 wrist extensors, and 1/5 elbow extensors and finger flexors, bilaterally. According to the ASIA impairment rating scale, which of the following should be documented into the patient's medical record:
A. C6 Neurological level of Injury
B. C5 Neurological level of Injury
C. C7 Neurological level of Injury
D. C8 Neurological level of Injury
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Annie is being discharged home from the inpatient setting following a fracture of her right pelvis. She is having difficulty propelling her new wheelchair and cannot travel more than 30 feet before becoming fatigued. The therapist realizes that the patient's severe obesity is impacting her wheelchair mobility. Which of the following wheelchair adjustments would BEST improve the patient's mobility?
A. Move the front casters back
B. Move the rear axle forward
C. Move the rear axle back
D. Allow the patient to use a lower extremity to assist with propulsion
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I am switching it up this week to let you in on my story so that you can see what YOU are capable of. I faced intense challenges like test anxiety, low self-esteem and even lower self-worth. In this episode I laid it all out there to help you better understand the specialized theory behind The PT Hustle and why I developed a system that will make you dominate the NPTE!
If you feel that you’ve been branded as a failure, stay in alignment. You are not alone! The PT Hustle is here to support students that were just like me. We focus on helping you steal your power back through a holistic approach that is going to change your experience with the NPTE!
Links Mentioned:
- If you want to hear more on my experience with the NPTE test, join www.NPTEgroup.com
- I would love to connect with you, reach out to help@thepthustle.com
- Check out our courses and get started today! Visit NPTE Prep Courses
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Zamara is treating a patient with recurrent medial heel pain with long-distance walking and running. During quiet standing, the patient has a flat medial longitudinal arch and overpronation of the rearfoot. Which of the following muscles is MOST likely weak:
A. Fibularis longus
B. Extensor hallicus longus
C. Posterior tibialis
D. Gastrocnemius
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Ehsan is treating a 5-month-old child with congenital hip dysplasia. The therapist is considering the use of a Pavlik harness. Which of the following motions is the MOST recommended with the use of this device:
A. Hip flexion and abduction
B. Hip extension, abduction, and internal rotation
C. Pelvic protraction, hip flexion, and hip internal rotation
D. Neutral hip position with 30 degrees of external rotation
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Shaniqua presents with left foot pain along lateral side of the 5th metatarsal. Upon examination, the patient has a 14 degree fixed forefoot varus. During quiet standing, the patient’s rearfoot is noticeably everted. Which of the following interventions is the MOST recommended:
A. Metatarsal bar
B. Lateral rearfoot wedge
C. Medial forefoot wedge
D. Additional padding along the 5th metatarsal
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Fran is three days status post open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) after a femoral fracture. The patient is currently taking morphine, lisinopril, and hydrochlorothiazide. Before performing out of bed activities, the therapist should be MOST concerned about:
A. Blood pressure
B. Heart Rate
C. Urinary output
D. Pain level
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Annie presents with a recent onset of right upper extremity lymphedema after a right radical mastectomy with lymph node dissection. The patient's lymphedema no longer improves with elevation. Which of the following is MOST recommended:
A. Manual lymph drainage, long stretch bandages, aerobic exercise
B. Manual lymph drainage, short stretch bandages, aerobic exercise
C. Manual lymph drainage, pneumatic compression 70 - 80mmhg
D. Short stretch bandages, limb elevation, the purchase of custom garments
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Adisa is working with a child with cerebral palsy in the school system. The therapist would like to ensure that the child is being provided all necessary care according to the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. Which of the following is NOT covered under IDEA?
A. Therapist directed interventions to be performed by the child's teacher
B. Monthly reassessments to monitor the child's progress
C. A standing frame to facilitate learning in the classroom
D. A position in any given extracurricular activity or sport
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Milana is five months pregnant and is requesting wellness advice from a physical therapist on living a more active lifestyle. Considering this patient's condition, which of the following is an absolute contraindication for aerobic exercise?
A. History of pulmonary fibrosis
B. BMI of 17
C. History of recurrent ankle sprains
D. History of a sedentary lifestyle
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Priya is being evaluated for lower back pain with symptoms radiating into her right lower extremity. The patient's diagnostic imaging shows an L3 intervertebral foraminal encroachment. Upon examination, which of the following is the LEAST likely to be observed:
A. Normal hip flexion strength
B. Diminished sensation along the distal anteromedial thigh & knee
C. 3+ knee jerk reflex D. Intact vibration sensation at the medial malleolus
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Jince is being trained in assessing a patient's blood pressure in the lower extremity using the popliteal artery. To accurately identify the highest pressure exerted by blood on the arterial wall, the student should be instructed to listen for:
A. Sudden muffling, with a soft blowing quality
B. A second round of intense rhythmic tapping after a brief pause
C. A murmur or swishing sound
D. The first clear, faint rhythmic tapping sounds
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Jessica is treating a patient with a partial thickness burn extending down to the papillary layer of the dermis. Which of the following is the physical therapist's PRIMARY ROLE:
A. Prepping the wound for primary intention strategies
B. Debridement of small and sturdy blisters
C. Ensuring mobility of surrounding joints in preparation for surgical intervention
D. Desiccation of the burn site
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Manny is treating a patient with a medial lumbar disc protrusion and severe radicular lower extremity pain. During mechanical traction, the patient reports a complete resolution of pain. Which of the following is the BEST course of action?
A. Continue with traction and monitor pain levels
B. Terminate traction and refer back to the physician
C. Assess the patient's lower extremity sensation and reflexes
D. Increase intensity of traction force
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Carrie is treating a patient post heart transplant in cardiac rehabilitation. The treating therapist instructs the patient to perform a 5-10 minute cooldown following a 25-minute aerobic exercise. Which of the following is the MOST likely rationale for the cooldown:
A. To prevent a rapid increase in blood pressure
B. Maintain adequate venous return
C. Facilitate the removal of lactic acid
D. Increase myocardial oxygen demand
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Jake was involved in a driver's side motor vehicle accident and has been diagnosed with a ruptured spleen. The patient complains of left shoulder pain even though the left shoulder has been cleared of musculoskeletal injury. Which finding should be documented into the patient's record:
A. Kehr sign
B. Murphy’s sign
C. Blumberg’s sign
D. Bakody's Sign
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India is treating a patient with stage 1 left lower extremity lymphedema. The therapist would like to use complete decongestive therapy principles to reduce the patient's swelling. Which of the following interventions is the MOST appropriate?
A. Pneumatic compression devices at 70 - 90 mmHg
B. Gentle light strokes, starting proximally and stroking distally
C. Ace bandages placed into a figure 8 arrangement
D. Comprilan bandaging performed immediately after lymph drainage
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Suzzane is being evaluated for persistent neck pain and limited cervical range of motion on the right. The patient reports that the pain began two days ago after sleeping awkwardly. Upon examination, the patient's pain is only provoked when the patient attempts to look over the right shoulder. During joint mobility testing of the cervical spine, which of the following arthrokinematic glides is the MOST likely to be impaired?
A. Upglide of one or more facets on the right
B. Downglide of one more facets on the left
C. Downglide of one or more facets on the right
D. Upglide of one or more facets on the left
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Gerdy is being treated for chronic emphysema in the outpatient clinic. After a trial of sit-to-stand transfers, the patient is seen hyperventilating. Which of the following breathing techniques is most recommended?
A. Pursed-lip breathing
B. Diaphragmatic breathing
C. Active cycle of breathing
D. Postural drainage
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Kyle is reviewing medical records for a patient who was recently discharged from cardiac rehabilitation phase I. The discharge note mentions that the exercise tolerance test (ETT) was terminated prematurely. Which of the following would be an ABSOLUTE indication to terminate the test?
A. 2 of 4 on Angina Scale at 70% Max HR
B. ST-segment depression of 2 mm
C. Change in SBP from 146/88 to 130/90 with profuse sweating
D. Patient expressed moderate levels of fatigue throughout test
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Cam is a football player who underwent an ACL reconstruction four days ago. The therapist would like to follow the clinic’s post-op guidelines by implementing russian electrical stimulation into the therapy sessions. What is the PRIMARY rationale for the use of this modality:
A. Increase the cross-sectional area of the quadriceps
B. Reduce the negative effects of reflex inhibition
C. Decrease postoperative pain and swelling
D. Improve the patient’s chances of negotiating stairs unaided
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Lucas presents with a history of right shoulder pain and difficulty reaching overhead. The initial symptoms have resolved, however the patient continues to demonstrate excessive upward rotation of the scapula. Which of the following muscles should be STRENGTHENED:
A. Mid-trapezius
B. Lower trapezius
C. Subscapularis
D. Serratus anterior
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Clara is being seen for complications of end-stage primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS). The physical therapist's plan of care for discharge should contain all of the following EXCEPT?
A. Teach patient and family members about skin-care and hygiene
B. Teach family regarding positioning and transfers
C. Teach family or caregiver variety of strengthening exercises to show patient daily
D. Teach family passive ROM exercises to perform daily
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Derrick presents with neck stiffness and radiating symptoms down the right arm. The patient's symptoms are provoked with right cervical rotation and side-bending. However, the symptoms are immediately relieved when “hanging upside down” or when “placing the right hand on top of the head”. Which of the following interventions is expected to yield the BEST outcome:
A. Cervical manipulation
B. Cervical mechanical traction
C. Median nerve gliding
D. Stretching of rectus capitis anterior and longus colli
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Jason's medical record shows a history of hyperparathyroidism. Which of the following comorbidities is the MOST likely present?
A. Osteoporosis
B. Skin straie
C. Weight gain
D. Heat intolerance
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Aaron is reviewing a patient's medical chart which reads acute non-dominant hemispheric lesion. The physical therapist can expect to see all of the following presentations EXCEPT:
A. Agnosia
B. Impulsive behavior
C. Difficulty controlling the left side of the body
D. Difficulty processing verbal and written commands
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Marissa is working with a patient with a vestibular schwannoma on the right vestibulocochlear nerve. The patient complains of unsteadiness and room spinning. Which of the following interventions is the MOST recommended:
A. Canalith repositioning maneuver
B. Frenkel’s exercises
C. Habituation training
D. Semont maneuver
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Helena is a patient with severe back pain that presents with a posterolateral lumbar herniated nucleus pulposus (HNP) at L3-L4. Which of the following findings is MOST likely to be present?
A. Delayed heel off during terminal stance
B. Knee buckling during loading response
C. Excessive hip flexion during early swing
D. Excessive trunk extension during mid-stance
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Marissa is suspected of having damage to the precentral gyrus. Which of the following should the evaluating therapist assess for:
A. Ability to sense touch and temperature
B. Ability to initiate a motor task
C. Ability to identify family members and close friends
D. Ability to comprehend spoken and written language
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Roger presents with marked swelling at the medial elbow after hours of resting his arm down on a flat surface. The patient complains of diminished sensation along the medial aspect of his right hand. Which of the following activities is likely the MOST difficult for the patient to perform?
A. Writing with a fine-tipped pen
B. Carrying a bucket using a two-finger hook grasp
C. Swiping a credit card
D. Painting on a small canvas using light brush strokes
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about feedback for the NPTE?
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Jonie is instructing a patient with a CVA on proper gait sequence using a hemi-cane. The patient is seen dragging the device and placing excessive weight onto the hemiparetic limb. Which of the following is the MOST effective form of feedback?
A. Summed feedback
B. Performance feedback
C. Bandwidth feedback
D. Faded-feedback
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about diagnostic imaging for the NPTE?
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Aaralyn presents with a suspected Type 2 SLAP lesion and is undergoing diagnostic imaging using contrast to enhance visualization. Which of the following tests is the MOST likely to be performed?
A. Computerized Tomography
B. Bone Scintillography
C. Magnetic Resonance Arthrogram (MRA)
D. Positron Emission Tomography (PET-scan)
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Rebecca presents with bilateral coxa vara and genu valgum. Which of the following is the MOST likely secondary complication:
A. Medial patellar subluxation
B. Lateral compartmental knee osteoarthritis
C. Pes cavum
D. LCL sprain
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about Neural Tension Testing for the NPTE?
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Greg presents with burning lateral foot pain that began three days ago. The therapist would like to assess for irritation of the sural nerve. Which of the following would MAXIMALLY stress the sural nerve?
A. Knee extension, ankle dorsiflexion, and inversion
B. Knee extension, ankle plantar flexion, and eversion
C. Knee flexion, ankle plantar flexion, and inversion
D. Knee flexion, ankle dorsiflexion, and inversion
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about ABCDE Method for the NPTE?
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During a routine skin check, Logan finds a suspicious discoloration on the patient’s back that is 8mm in size. The borders are asymmetrical and irregular. According to the ABCDE method, which of the following should be assessed NEXT:
A. Cancer stage
B. Current diet
C. Early signs of tenderness to palpation
D. Evolving size or shape
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about Prosthetic K Levels for the NPTE?
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Jaxson is a 30-year-old patient who is being prescribed a K3 prosthetic. Which of the following describes the patient’s highest functionality level?
A. High level activity demonstrated such as active adult and athletes
B. Limited community ambulator
C. Household ambulator
D. Community ambulator
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Nadine is treating a young female athlete who presents with recurrent knee injuries. The therapist suspects the female triad is contributing to the problem. Which of the following BEST characterizes this condition:
A. Disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis
B. Depression, amenorrhea, recurrent ligamentous injuries
C. ACL tear, MCL tear, and a medial meniscus tear
D. Disordered eating, depression, and osteoporosis
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about wheelchairs and ramps for the NPTE?
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Heather is preparing discharge plans for a patient with a C8 spinal cord injury. Based on the general guidelines for wheelchair accessibility in the home, which of the following is NOT recommended?
- Ramp slope 1:12 ratio
- Ramp width 32 inches
- Door width 34 inches
- Ramp landing platform 5x5ft2
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about Parkinson's gait interventions for the NPTE?
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Victor is treating a patient with a history of Parkinson's disease and bradykinesia. Upon examination, the patient has a gait speed of 0.45 m/s and a diminished stride length bilaterally. Which of the following is the MOST recommended to address the impairments:
A. Floor markers
B. Rhythmic auditory stimulation
C. Toe wedge
D. Standard walker
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about functional electrical stimulation for the NPTE?
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Janae presents with a recent stroke and difficulty clearing the right foot during swing. The therapist plans to use electrical stimulation to improve the patient's gait pattern. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate to achieve the desired result:
A. Over the proximal anterior tibial region, stimulating the deep peroneal nerve
B. Over the proximal anterior tibial region, stimulating the superficial peroneal nerve
C. Over the distal anterior tibial region, stimulating the superficial peroneal nerve
D. Over the distal anterior tibial region, stimulating the tibial nerve
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about Lymphedema and Lipedema for the NPTE?
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Sammie presents with an enlargement in her bilateral lower extremities; however, no symptoms are present distal to the ankle. The patient reports that legs are tender to touch and easily bruise. Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely present?
A. Fibromyalgia
B. Lipedema
C. Lymphedema
D. Congestive heart failure
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about high altitude and the cardiopulmonary system for the NPTE?
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Ricky has recently started training at a specialized facility located 6,200ft above sea level. The therapist would like to create safe cardiovascular parameters for exercise at this new elevation. Which of the following would be the MOST expected when exercising at a high altitude:
A. Lower maximal heart rate
B. Higher maximal heart rate
C. Lower resting heart rate
D. Respiratory acidosis
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about the Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) for the NPTE?
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Ricardo is preparing a plan of care for a 10-year-old child with cerebral palsy. The patient is classified as a level 4 on the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). Which of the following activities is the MOST appropriate:
A. Standing balance and coordination activities
B. Gait training using a posterior walker
C. Stair climbing using handrails
D. Wheelchair fitting for posture and pressure relief
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about VBI testing for the NPTE?
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Martin is treating a 45-year-old male with recurrent neck pain and joint hypomobility. Before initiating end-range cervical mobilizations, the therapist would like to assess for vertebrobasilar insufficiency. To check the left vertebral artery, the MOST effective position to place the patient’s head and neck is:
A. Flexion
B. Extension
C. Right rotation
D. Left rotation
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about postural assessment for the NPTE?
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Janie is performing a postural assessment on a patient who has a medical diagnosis of lumbago. When assessing lower extremity alignment, the plumb line should fall:
A. Anteriorly to the lumbar spine
B. Posteriorly to the hip
C. Through the hip joint line
D. Posteriorly to the knee
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about cognitive behavioral therapy for the NPTE?
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Ken is six months status post lumbar fusion and has complaints of persistent pain and often declines to perform basic core exercises. The therapist would like to change the patient’s perception of pain while teaching effective coping methods. Which of the following principles would be the MOST effective:
A. Cognitive-behavioral therapy
B. Operant conditioning
C. Classical conditioning
D. Positive reinforcement
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about Torticollis for the NPTE?
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Kumani is creating an at-home stretching routine for a 3-month-old child with right congenital muscular torticollis. Which of the following is the MOST effective:
A. Laying the child on the left side over a ball
B. Laying the child on the right side over a ball
C. Lay the child prone with the head rotated to the right
D. Lay the child prone with the head rotated to the left
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Yari was recently given authorization by her insurance company for an acute ankle sprain. After the authorization period, the therapist determines that the patient is no longer in need of therapy services; however, the patient requests to continue treatment. Which of the following is the MOST appropriate action?
A. Allow the patient to pay out of pocket for additional therapy visits
B. Discharge the patient to a home exercise program
C. Write a letter to the insurance company requesting more visits
D. Treat the patient as a pro bono client
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Ben presents with a long-standing history of pulmonary fibrosis and difficulty taking a full unrestricted breath of air. During joint mobility testing of the upper ribs, the costovertebral joints are stuck into a position of inspiration. Which of the following is the MOST effective to improve the patient's expiration?
A) Inferior glide of the costovertebral joints
B) Posterior glide of the costovertebral joints
C) Superior glide of the costovertebral joints
D) Anterior glide of the costovertebral joints
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about Pneumonia for the NPTE?
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about the flag system for the NPTE?
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about vascular conditions for the NPTE?
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Chansey is an obese 56-year-old male with a history of smoking. The patient presents with intense cramping in the right distal calf when ambulating greater than five minutes. Which of the following findings is the LEAST anticipated:
A. Ulceration on the dorsal side of the toes
B. Intense allodynia over regions of ulceration
C. Pain that improves with dependency
D. 3+ dorsal pedal pulse
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about SCFE vs LCPD for the NPTE?
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An 11-year-old child presents with intense groin and anterior thigh pain after falling from a tree. The therapist suspects that the child has slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Which of the following risk factors is MOST likely to cause the suspected pathology:
- Femoral retroversion and obesity
- Hyperthyroidism and proximal muscle weakness
- Coxa Valga
- Low body mass index (BMI)
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about thumb mechanics for the NPTE?
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Tommy, a 26-year-old volleyball player, has complaints of pain and difficulty flexing his right thumb. Based on the normal arthrokinematics, which of the following should the physical therapist induce to resolve this hypomobility?
- Ulnar roll and glide of the 1st metacarpal
- Radial roll and glide of the 1st metacarpal
- Radial roll and ulnar glide of the trapezium
- Ulnar roll and radial glide of the trapezium
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about Calcium Dysfunction for the NPTE?
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Mackenna has a history of hyperparathyroidism is being treated in physical therapy. Which of the following manifestations is the MOST likely to be observed?
A. Diarrhea
B. Development of acute flank plan
C. Diminished deep tendon reflexes
D. Increased bone density
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about the Lung Volumes for the NPTE?
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Sarrah presents to physical therapy with a recent exacerbation of her rheumatoid arthritis. Which of the following interventions is the LEAST recommended:
A. Gentle isometrics in pain-free positions
B. Contract-relax stretching
C. Grade I-II joint oscillations
D. Position changes every 20-30 minutes
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about the Lung Volumes for the NPTE?
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Mario, a 20-year-old male is diagnosed with pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. While reviewing the pulmonary function test results, all lung volume findings should be decreased except?
a. Total lung capacity
b. Vital capacity
c. Tidal volume
d. Residual volume
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about the Rule of Nines for the NPTE?
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Kohl is being seen in an acute care hospital after a severe burn across the anterior neck, chest, and upper extremities. Upon admission, which of the following physical therapy interventions is the MOST recommended:
A. Early gait training with a rollator walker
B. Modalities for pain management
C. Positioning the neck into hyperextension with elbows in extension and supination
D. Placing the upper extremities into a dependent position to increase blood flow
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about TMJ for the NPTE?
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Garret presents with a 10-year history of intermittent and achy left-sided jaw pain. The patient's pain is provoked when biting down on the right, but relieved when chewing on the left. Which of the following should be the PRIMARY focus of treatment?
A. Modalities, soft tissue mobilization, motor control training
B. Joint mobilization, postural re-education, motor control training
C. Trigger point release, joint oscillations, masseter stretching
D. Soft tissue mobilization, use of a nightguard, masseter stretching
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about diabetes for the NPTE?
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Erik has a history of uncontrolled diabetes and has been non-compliant with the administration of his insulin medication. Upon examination, the patient has severe scarring in the right lower abdominal area from repeated injections. Which of the following is the BEST rationale for avoiding repeated injections:
A. Hypoglycemia is likely to occur increasing the risk for falls
B. Hyperglycemia is likely to occur leading to seizures and convulsions
C. Metabolic acidosis can occur leading to organ failure
D. Hypoglycemia can occur leading to extreme thirst and frequent urination
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about PPE for the NPTE?
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Jazzy is a physical therapist that has just finished treating a patient with a form of the rhinovirus using the proper personal protective equipment (PPE). Which of the following should the therapist doff last?
A.Gloves
B.Gown
C.Mask
D.Face Shield/Goggles
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about biomarkers for the NPTE?
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Jonah is a 53-year-old male with a history of coronary artery disease (CAD) and who is being treated in the acute care hospital. Upon a review of the medical chart, the patient has an elevated creatine kinase (CK) biomarker. Which of the following conditions is the MOST likely present?
A. Rhabdomyolysis
B. Myasthenia gravis
C. Rheumatoid arthritis
D. Gouty arthritis
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about assistive devices for the NPTE?
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Blaine, a 22-year-old male, recently fractured his right tibia and anteriorly dislocated his right shoulder. The patient has good functional stability but presents with significant weakness in his right deltoid. The patient's physician recommends PWB on the right lower extremity for two weeks. Which of the following assistive devices is the MOST appropriate?
A. Rollator walker
B. Axillary crutches
C. Standard walker with a right platform attachment
D. Canadian (loftstrand) crutches
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about debridement for the NPTE?
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Doris undergoing her daily wound care. The treating therapist describes the wound as a 3x5x4cm with pink granulation tissue throughout the wound bed and non-adherent black tissue surrounding the borders. Which of the following interventions is the MOST effective to treat this wound type?
A. Whirlpool
B. Wet to dry dressings
C. Pulsatile lavage at 12 PSI
D. Sharps debridement
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about thermotherapy for the NPTE? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/foot
Lucas is a healthy 15-year-old male that presents with a recent onset of lateral forefoot pain during toe-off (preswing). The patient is likely to demonstrate which of the following compensations during gait?
A. Forefoot varus
B. Rearfoot eversion
C. Rearfoot inversion
D. Forefoot valgus
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Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about thermotherapy for the NPTE?
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Mia is being treated by a student physical therapist who elects to use a moist hot pack post therapy. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the LEAST likely answer to result in a thermal injury?
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Zane presents with complaints of deep anterior shin pain that started approximately three months ago. The physical therapist is challenged with determining which of the following conditions is the most likely present.
How good are you at the neuromusculoskeletal differential? Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about anterior shin pain.
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Noah is being educated on the pressure-relief strategies to use with his new manual wheelchair. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the appropriate muscle group that should be assessed for strength.
How good are you at the musculoskeletal examination and muscle action? Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about reverse muscle actions.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about reverse muscle actions on the NPTE?
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Charlotte is a survivor of a severe left-sided middle cerebral artery stroke and presents with global aphasia. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the MOST appropriate communication-based goal for this patient.
How good are you at global aphasia? Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about global aphasia. Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about aphasia on the NPTE?
Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/aphasia
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Jenuine is seven months status post right ACL reconstruction with a desire to return to full-speed running. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the MOST accurate rationale for the use of isokinetic strength testing.
How good are you at strength assessments?
Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about isokinetic testing.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about isokinetic testing on the NPTE?
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Martin has a history of alcohol abuse along with chronic use of over the counter anti-inflammatory medications. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the condition and then anticipating the least likely examination findings
How good are you at visceral pathologies
Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about visceral dysfunction
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about nail types on the NPTE?
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Tubby presents with reports of a dry mouth and has persistent coughing that frequently interrupts his therapy sessions. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the purpose of the medication the patient is taking.
How good are you at pulmonary medications?
Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about pulmonary medications!
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about pulmonary medications for the NPTE?
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Ofilia was recently diagnosed with Whiplash-Associated Disorder (WAD) after a severe motor vehicle accident. The patient has an inverted supinator sign, clumsiness in both hands, and difficulty performing wrist extension against resistance. Which of the following pathologies is the MOST likely present:
A. Central cord syndrome
B. Brachial plexus traction injury
C. C6 nerve root compression
D. Radial nerve lesion
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Will presents to physical therapy with complaints of difficulty hearing. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the MOST likely reason for the patient's hearing loss.
How good are you at vestibular examination?
Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about vestibular special testing and differential diagnosis!
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about lower extremity EKG interpretation?
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Jave is treating a patient in cardiac rehabilitation who is taking Spironolactone, Lisinopril, and Aricept. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the most appropriate action when viewing possible abnormalities on an EKG.
How good are you at reading EKG's?
Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about EKG reading.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about lower extremity EKG interpretation?
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Sahar presents with a fixed left ankle into 30 degrees of plantarflexion after elective surgery. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the most appropriate intervention to reduce stress on the posterior aspect of the knee.
How good are you at lower extremity biomechanics? Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about the lower extremity biomechanics.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about lower extremity biomechanicsl? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/LEBI
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Cassandra has been reading an article on shoulder mobility after a bout of adhesive capsulitis. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the most accurate representation of a bell curve.
How good are you at normal distributions, bell curves, and skews? Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about the bell curve.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about slap tear surgical protocol? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/bellcurve
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Jake underwent a type 2 slap repair 1.5 weeks ago and has been cleared to begin physical therapy. The physical therapist is challenged with determining which of the following interventions is the LEAST recommended.
How good are you at surgical protocols? Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about slap tear related surgical protocols. Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about slap tear surgical protocol? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/slap
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Nadia is a 27-year-old female with an overactive thymus and complains of daily fluctuations in fatigue levels that are highly dependent on rest time. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the condition that is present and likely examination findings.
How good are you at neurological examination? Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about neurological examination. Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about neuroloigcal examination? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/neuroexam
Do you want to start studying smarter and not harder? Download Dr. Rice's Top 10 Requested NPTE Cheatsheets For Absolutely FREE right here: http://www.NPTECheatsheets.com
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Francisco presents with significant left lower leg edema and discoloration along the medial side. The physical therapist is challenged with determining which of the following interventions should be performed FIRST.
How well do you know your peripheral vascular diseases? Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about peripheral vascular disease interventions.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about peripheral vascular disease? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/pvd
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Sal is a therapist who is running a research study to determine the effectiveness of a forearm band on grip strength. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the least likely change that will increase the study’s power.
How well do you know your research concepts? Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about power.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about power on the NPTE? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/power
Do you want to start studying smarter and not harder? Download Dr. Rice's Top 10 Requested NPTE Cheatsheets For Absolutely FREE right here: http://www.NPTECheatsheets.com
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Chelsea is a gymnast with complaints of diffuse lower back pain and feelings of instability. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the MOST likely pathology that fits the subjective assessment and physical examination
How well do you know your lumbar pathologies? Let's test your skills in this excellent episode about lower back pain orthopedic examination.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about a major NPTE neurological target? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/Spondy
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Jessy is a female athlete that presents with a chief complaint of a recent onset of left plantar foot pain with running. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the BEST question to ask the patient to continue the subjective assessment.
How well can you reason through a history taking subjective assessment? Let's test your skils in this excellent episode about history taking.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about a major NPTE neurological target? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/Historytaking
Do you want to start studying smarter and not harder? Download Dr. Rice's Top 10 Requested NPTE Cheatsheets For Absolutely FREE right here: http://www.NPTECheatsheets.com
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Danny is being evaluated in a neurological recovery unit after a sudden onset of gait and limb ataxia. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the MOST likely pathology that is present.
How well do you know your neurological pathologies? Let's test your differential skils in this excellent episode about neurological differential diagnosis.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about a major NPTE neurological target? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/LMS
Do you want to start studying smarter and not harder? Download Dr. Rice's Top 10 Requested NPTE Cheatsheets For Absolutely FREE right here: http://www.NPTECheatsheets.com
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Fred is being assessed for his limited endurance using the 6 minute walk test.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the appropriate means of administering the 6 minute walk test.
How well do you know your outcome measures? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about 6MWT
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about the 6MWT? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/6MWT
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Becca presents to physical therapy with a knee injury and difficulty completing full knee motion.
The physical therapist is challenged with anticipating the type of end feel that should be present with the patient’s condition.
How well do you know your end feels? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about end feels.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about end feels? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/endfeels
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Dwayne presents for an initial evaluation for lower back and perineal pain but without a comprehensive medical history.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the correct GU diagnosis.
How well do you know your GU pathologies? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about genitourinary differential.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about topical agents for burns? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/gu
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Carlos is being treated for a second-degree burn that he received at work.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the proper topical agent to use on the patient's burn.
How well do you know your topical agents? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about topical agents for burns.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about topical agents for burns? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/topical
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Gail suffered a traumatic brain injury during a fall at home and is now being seen in the hospital.
The therapist notices a significant change in the patient's hip mobility along with notable pain with movement.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which course of action is the MOST appropriate given the clinical situation.
How well do you know traumatic brain injuries? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about traumatic brain injury.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about traumatic brain injury? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/tbi
Do you want to start studying smarter and not harder? Download Dr. Rice's Top 10 Requested NPTE Cheatsheets For Absolutely FREE right here: http://www.NPTECheatsheets.com
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Ed is being seen in the hospital for organ failure and metabolic syndrome. The patient is confused, aggressive, and has questionable lab values.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which type of breathing pattern is consistent with the patient who is being treated in the hospital.
How well do you know your breathing patterns? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about breathing patterns.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about exercise responses? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/breathingpatterns
Do you want to start studying smarter and not harder? Download Dr. Rice's Top 10 Requested NPTE Cheatsheets For Absolutely FREE right here: http://www.NPTECheatsheets.com
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Dorian is undergoing an examination during cardiac rehabilitation phase II. After 3 minutes the patient begins to complain of excessive fatigue.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which of the following exercise measures would most likely remain relatively constant.
How well do you know your exercise responses? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about cardiopulmonary exercise responses.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about exercise responses? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/exerciseresponse
Do you want to start studying smarter and not harder? Download Dr. Rice's Top 10 Requested NPTE Cheatsheets For Absolutely FREE right here: http://www.NPTECheatsheets.com
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Berry presents with mild back pain and an acute onset of gout.
The physical therapist is challenged with which lifting maneuver is the least appropriate for this patient.
How well do you know gout and lifting mechanics? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about Gout.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about Gout? Look no further:https://www.kylericeprep.com/goutsheet
Do you want to start studying smarter and not harder? Download Dr. Rice's Top 10 Requested NPTE Cheatsheets For Absolutely FREE right here: http://www.NPTECheatsheets.com
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Brady presents with first and second-degree burns across his anterior shins.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the proper setting of the TENS unit to reduce pain with debridement.
How well do you know your electrical stimulation? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about electrical stimulation.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about TENS? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/TENS
Do you want to start studying smarter and not harder? Download Dr. Rice's Top 10 Requested NPTE Cheatsheets For Absolutely FREE right here: http://www.NPTECheatsheets.com
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Beniah is a 16-year-old baseball pitcher with persistent right shoulder pain.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which special test will confirm the presence of the suspected condition.
How well do you know your shoulder special tests? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about special tests.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about shoulder special tests? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/shouldertests
Do you want to start studying smarter and not harder? Download Dr. Rice's Top 10 Requested NPTE Cheatsheets For Absolutely FREE right here: http://www.NPTECheatsheets.com
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Paul is a patient with a 4-year history of ALS and has been having recurrent respiratory infections
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the proper treatment to facilitate lung clearance.
How well do you know your pulmonary interventions? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about pulmonary interventions.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about clinical prediction rules? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/pulmonaryinterventions
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Adriana has a past medical history of multiple sclerosis and blurred vision and is undergoing cranial nerve testing.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the potential reason for an abnormal cranial nerve test finding.
How well do you know your cranial nerve tests? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about cranial nerves.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about cranial nerves? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/cranialnerves
Do you want to start studying smarter and not harder? Download Dr. Rice's Top 10 Requested NPTE Cheatsheets For Absolutely FREE right here: http://www.NPTECheatsheets.com
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Danica is treating a patient post MVA with lower back pain.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the treatment area to ensure proper therapeutic dosing.
How well do you know ultrasound principles? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about therapeutic ultrasound.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about clinical prediction rules? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/therapeuticultrasound
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Berlin is being treated in the hospital for hypokalemia. The patient presents with impaired blood gases.
The physical therapist is challenged with analyzing a set of blood gases, determining the condition, and anticipating the expected findings.
How well do you know your blood gases? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about blood gases.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about blood gases? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/bloodgases
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Harrold is examining a patient who sustained a right trimalleolar fracture ten weeks ago.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the correct compensation that is the MOST likely to be observed during the stance phase?
How well do you know your gait compensations/deviations? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about Gait Dysfunction.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about Gait? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/gaitpart2
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Sandra is reviewing a patient's medical record who has a history of hypercortisolism and persistent weight gain.
The physical therapist is challenged with anticipating the potential findings in the patient's medical record.
How well do you know your endocrine gland dysfunctions? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about Hypercortisolism.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet with a killer NPTE mneumonic on Cushing's & Addison's disease? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/cushings
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Ben presents with a posterolateral thalamic stroke and pusher's syndrome.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the safest and appropriate intervention to treat this patient during gait training.
How well do you know Pusher's Syndrome? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about Pusher's Syndrome
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that reviews the facts to know about Pusher's Syndrome? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/pushers
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Sara presents with 5 degrees of femoral torsion and medial knee pain.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which muscles are the most likely to be weak and lengthened.
How well do you know your femoral torsion and LE biomechanics? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about Femoral Torsion
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet with the top facts on femoral torsion? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/torsion
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Arya is a seasoned athlete is undergoing an auscultatory examination of her heart.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining what heart sounds are normal and abnormal for this patient population.
How well do you know your heart sounds? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about Cardiac Auscultation
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet with the heart sounds to know and a quick auscultation chart? Look no further:https://www.kylericeprep.com/heartsounds
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Jenn presents with a referral for physical therapy to evaluate and treat bilateral vestibular hypofunction.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the most effective intervention to address the patient's condition.
How well do you know vestibular rehabilitation interventions and their indications? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about Vestibular Hypofunction.
*Note in this video VOR stands for Vestibulo-Ocular Reflex
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that addresses some of the top vestibular conditions and their primary interventions? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/vestibular
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Anthony is being treated in aquatic therapy for severe osteoarthrosis. The patient being treated in tepid water up to the head.
The physical therapist is challenged with understanding cardiovascular physiology as it relates to the aquatic environment.
How well do you know your cardiac physiology? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about Aquatic Therapy
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet with the Top Facts To Know About Aquatic Therapy & Each Major System? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/aquatic
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Eric recently had a cardiac transplant and has been cleared for exercise by his medical doctor.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the most appropriate means of measuring the patient's exercise intensity.
How well do you know your exercise intensity measures and why you should use one over another? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about Exercise Intensity Measures.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet that describes the top exercise intensity measures to know and when to use them? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/intenseexercise
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Vicky is being seen in the hospital for a severe bacterial infection. Prior to today's treatment, the therapist is reviewing the patient's medical record.
The physical therapist is challenged with reviewing a medical chart and interpreting the available lab values.
How well do you know your lab values? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about Lab Values.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet with the top lab values and the correct interpretation for the NPTE? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/Labvalues
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Pearl presents with persistent right shoulder pain without a known cause.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the most likely reason for the patient's complaints.
How well do you know your visceral diagnoses and referral patterns? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about Visceral Pain.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet for the top 5 referred pain patterns and their associated organs? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/visceralpain
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Ross presents with a transtibial amputation and a significant gait deviation during initial contact to loading response.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining why the observed gait deviation is present.
How well do you know your prosthetic gait deviations? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about Amputee Pathological Gait.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet for the top 3 prosthetic gait deviations and why they occur? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/prosthetics
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Derek presents with a TBI and is being instructed on wheelchair to bed transfers for the first time.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which type of practice regimen is going to be the best to establish safe and independent wheelchair to bed transfers.
How well do you know your stages of motor learning and which practice forms to use? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about motor stages and practice.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet for DOMINATING behavior change questions on the NPTE? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/motorlearning
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Miles presents with a past medical history of diabetes type II and obesity.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which activity listed falls the highest in the trans-theoretical model (Stage of Change)
How well do you know the trans-theoretical model? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about behavioral change.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet for DOMINATING behavior change questions on the NPTE? Look no further: https://www.kylericeprep.com/behavior
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Harriet presents with status post-TKA and is undergoing stair training with the physical therapist.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the appropriate instructions for descending stairs with a cane.
How well do you know safe stair negotiation techniques? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about stair training.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet to help with common types of stair and transfers training with assistive devices? Look no further, here is your next CHEATSHEET: https://www.kylericeprep.com/trickytransfer
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Ricky presents with a past medical history of atrial fibrillation, orthostatic hypotension, and chronic renal failure.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which aspect of the exercise prescription is the least appropriate for this patient while undergoing hemodialysis.
How well do you know your exercise prescription parameters for a patient on hemodialysis? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about hemodialysis
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet with the top facts to know about hemodialysis for the NPTE? Look no further https://www.kylericeprep.com/hemodialysis
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Kerri presents with significant pelvic girdle pain with ambulation. The patient is found to have a notable innominate rotation during the examination.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the BEST intervention to address the pelvic mal-alignment.
How well do you know innominate rotations? Can you treat one effectively? Let's test your ability in this excellent episode about pelvic mal-alignment.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet to help with determining innominate rotations and follow up interventions? Look no further https://www.kylericeprep.com/innominate
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Jimmy is a three-year-old child with L2 myelomeningocele. The patient requires the use of orthotics for home ambulation.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which orthotic would be the best to assist with household ambulation.
How well do you know your orthotics? Can you tell me what spina bifida is and what impairments are associated with an L2 myelomeningocele? Let's test your ability in this excellent episode about Spina Bifida
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet with functional outcomes related to Spina Bifida? Look no further https://www.kylericeprep.com/spinabifidalumbar
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Samuel is a basketball star who injured his right knee after he pivoted on his right foot. The patient reports pain immediately afterward and has been complaining of additional symptoms since the incident.
The physical therapist is challenged with differentially diagnosing the patient's right knee pain.
How well do you know your knee injuries? Can you differentially diagnose this common type of injury? Let's test your ability in this excellent episode about knee injuries.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet with the Top Facts about a Medial Meniscal Tear to know for the NPTE? Look no further https://www.kylericeprep.com/medialmeniscus
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Heather has a past medical history of hypothyroidism and is being treated for deconditioning. The patient reports that she is not taking her medications and would like to stop exercising.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the correct and the best course of action to remedy this situation.
How well can you handle difficulty patient compliance situations? Let's test your ability in this excellent episode about patient compliance.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet with a mnemonic to help you remember hypothyroidism signs and symptoms? Look no further https://www.kylericeprep.com/hypothyroidism
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Taylor is attending her first follow-up appointment for right calcific tendinitis. A PTA is treating the patient and needs to make an appropriate decision about following an unspecified directive in the plan of care.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining what is the responsibility and appropriate decision making of a PTA under general supervision.
How well do you know what is in the PTA's scope of practice? Let's test your understanding in this excellent episode about PTA Professional Responsibility.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet with the Top 5 PTA Responsibilities to know for the NPTE? Look no further https://www.kylericeprep.com/responsibility
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Brenda is a physical therapist looking to utilize the correct outcome measure to assess a patient's improvements and current ability related to ADL's.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the correct and MOST appropriate outcome measure to utilize with a patient who has a CVA.
How well do you know your outcome measures? Let's test your understanding in this excellent episode about outcome measures.
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet with the top 10 outcome measures to know for the NPTE? Look no further https://www.kylericeprep.com/p/outcome-measures
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Kelli presents with spastic cerebral palsy and plantarflexor spasticity.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the correct AFO to utilize with the current patient.
How well do you know your AFO's and their uses? Let's test your understanding in this excellent episode about ankle-foot orthotics
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet to help you with AFO's and their functions? Look no further https://www.kylericeprep.com/p/AFO
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Camron presents with pulmonary hypertension and suspected Cor Pulmonale
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which acute care lines will MOST be present and used to monitor the patient's condition
How well do you know your acute care lines? Let's test your understanding in this excellent episode about acute care lines
Are you looking for an awesome cheatsheet to help you with acute care lines, their functions, and conditions they are used for? Look no further https://www.kylericeprep.com/p/ACLines
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Collin presents difficulty grasping objects and impaired sensation in his hands.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which sensations will be impaired if the patient is unable to detect light (fine) touch.
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Maurice presents with non-specific lower back pain that has been responding favorably to mechanical traction.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the appropriate response to lumbar traction and determining the proper traction parameters to support a safe resolution of the patient's symptoms.
How well do you know mechanical traction and the associated parameters? Let's test your understanding in this excellent episode about lumbar mechanical traction.
If you would like a free traction cheatsheet, check it out right here: https://www.kylericeprep.com/p/traction
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Francine presents with a history of falls and suspected blurred vision. The patient's past medical history is remarkable for several other significant conditions.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which medication is the most likely contributor to the patient's falls and symptomology.
How well do you know your NPTE medications and their side effects? Let's test your understanding in this excellent episode about falls and medications.
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Monte presents with a recent MCA stroke and upper extremity spasticity. The patient demonstrates movement out of synergy, however, is having difficulty completing functional patterns.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which intervention (PNF) is the MOST effective to treat the patient's condition.
How well do you know PNF patterns and interventions to support out of synergy goals? Let's test your understanding in this excellent episode about PNF patterns and interventions
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Haddie is a child who would like to try out for gymnastics. During her physical screening, she is found to have some spinal/trunk abnormalities.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining what is the MOST likely cause of the patient's observed spinal abnormality.
How well can you pick out specific postural/spinal related dysfunctions in the pediatric population? Let's test your understanding in this excellent episode about spinal observation.
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Nate is a physical therapist evaluating a patient in the acute care setting. The patient is found to have some cardiac arrhythmias on their EKG prior to exercise.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the importance of the several accompanying co-morbidities while interpreting the available EKG strip.
How well can you read an EKG strip? Let's test your ability to read, interpret, and make a sound decision in this excellent episode about EKG reading.
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Saphie is being seen post-MVA for neck and mid-thoracic pain. The patient has a history of primary hyperparathyroidism.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining what precautions are the MOST important when treating this patient.
How well do you understand the proper treatment of patients with musculoskeletal conditions and co-morbidities? Let's test your understanding in this excellent episode about primary hyperparathyroidism.
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Bobby is a carpenter who presents with paresthesias into his right hand and forearm.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the condition that is present and the interventions required to treat the condition.
How well do you understand neuromusculoskeletal disorders? Let's test your understanding in this excellent episode about postural dysfunction.
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Jax is being seen for a C7 ASIA B SCI. The patient has been participating in physical therapy for 2 months but continues to have functional limitations.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the highest level of function the patient MOST expected to achieve.
How well do you understand SCI functional outcomes? Let's test your understanding in this excellent episode about SCI functional outcomes.
If you need the reference text (Neurologic Interventions For Physical Therapy) for this information, pick up your copy at https://amzn.to/2Dbphn2
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Nadine assesses her patient's knee flexion strength in both the sitting and standing positions. The therapist finds that the patient has diminished end range knee flexion strength in standing.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which is most likely reason for the diminished knee flexion strength.
How well do you understand the concept of active and passive insufficiency? Let's test your understanding in this excellent episode about active and passive insufficiency.
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Gary presents with acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP) that is affecting his trunk and extremities.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which pulmonary examination findings are consistent with AIDP.
How well do you understand pulmonary function tests? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about Lung Volumes & PFT's.
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Bernard presents to the hospital with an acute exacerbation of his congestive heart failure. The patient presents with several CNS-based signs and symptoms.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the cause of the clinical presentation.
How well do you understand how electrolytes influence body physiology? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about electrolyte dysfunction.
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Yael presents to physical therapy for a right femoral neck fracture. During gait, the patient demonstrates a diminished right backward rotation of the pelvis.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which additional examination findings will be expected given this impairment.
How good are you at tough gait questions? Let's test your ability in this excellent episode about gait dysfunction.
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Tim presents to physical therapy for functional decline and poor blood sugar control. The patient has multiple pressure ulcers but is unable to sense their presence.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which type of monofilament would confirm the patient's sensory impairment.
How well do you know your monofilaments? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about diminished sensation.
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Jullian presents to cardiac rehabilitation phase II with a positive symptom-limited test. The physical therapist wants to initiate aerobic exercise training without overstressing the heart.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which form of exercise places the greatest stress on the heart.
How well do you know your cardiac physiology? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about cardiac & exercise physiology.
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Erica presents with significant lower extremity extensor tone and a history of frequent and characteristic bouts of fatigue, paresthesias, and dysarthria. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the diagnosis present and the appropriate intervention to treat the patient's primary impairment.
How good are you at the differential diagnosis of neurological conditions? Let's test your ability in this excellent episode about lower extremity extensor tone.
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Geraldo presents to physical therapy with an ASIA A L3 SCI. The patient is being discharged and needs education about effective bladder management.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the type of bladder impairment present and which technique would best help the patient void.
Do you know effective bladder management techniques? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about bladder management.
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Lincoln presents to physical therapy with ASIA C L2 SCI. The patient has poor quad contraction.
The physical therapist is challenged with the appropriate biofeedback set-up to help facilitate quad contraction.
Do you know how to use a biofeedback unit? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about biofeedback.
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Carly is being evaluated by physical therapy post transverse humeral mid-shaft fracture. The patient does present with possible neurological compromise.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the presence of neurological compromise and associated musculoskeletal findings.
How well do you know your origins, insertions, actions, and innervations? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about a transverse humeral mid-shaft fracture.
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Davis presents with CHF and is undergoing a 6-minute walk test. The patient's HR, SPO2, and blood pressure are all being monitored to ensure patient safety.
The physical therapist is challenged with understanding the indications of abnormal changes in vitals with exercise.
How well do you know your exercise physiology? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about the cardiovascular response to exercise.
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Rodney underwent a right transtibial amputation and is being fitted for a patellar-tendon bearing socket.
The physical therapist is challenged with understanding the design of the patellar-tendon bearing socket, pressure-tolerant areas, and pressure-sensitive areas.
How well do you know your socket designs? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about the patellar-tendon bearing socket!
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Nate was referred to physical therapy for a closed injury after a traumatic hyperflexion of his right index DIP.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the appropriate timeframe for mobilizing the affected tendon.
How well do you know your orthopedic non-surgical protocols? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about DIP hyperflexion injuries.
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Aaraelia is an 8 month old infant who presents to physical therapy with shoulder abduction and elbow extension when she rotates her head to the same side.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the patient's developmental age and which milestones the patient will have difficulty achieving because of the obligatory reflex.
How well do you know your developmental milestones? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about developmental milestones.
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Yari is a clinical instructor overseeing her student's assessment of a patient's vitals.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining how the student's assessment can impact the results.
Do you know the physiological response of cardiopulmonary system to increased pressure in the arterial system? We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about assessing vitals.
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Victoria is a 3-year-old child who presents to physical therapy for severe toe walking.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the most effective approach to treating the patient's toe walking.
Do you the most effective treatments for toe walking in patient's with cerebral palsy? We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about treating a patient with toe walking.
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Liam presents to physical therapy with a 4-year history of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. The patient's caregiver reports that the patient is having trouble speaking and often cries uncontrollably.
The physical therapist is challenged with anticipating what examination findings would be present with a patient who has ALS.
How well do you know your cranial nerves? Let's test your knowledge in this excellent episode about ALS.
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Andrea is researching the effects of a grade IV mobilization on shoulder abduction mobility in subjects with non-specific shoulder pain.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which type of test should be run on the data collected in the study.
Do you know the differences between a T-Test and an ANOVA? We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about statistical hypothesis testing.
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Fred is being evaluated by his physician to determine the reason for his chest pain. The patient is undergoing an exercise tolerance test.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining why Fred's exercise tolerance test was terminated.
Do you know the relative and absolute indications for termination of an exercise tolerance test? We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about understanding the exercise tolerance test.
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Brandon is being evaluated in physical therapy for his posterior knee pain. The patient gait assessment reveals a rapid knee hyperextension during the early stages of gait.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the most likely reason for the observed gait deviation while predicting which other motions would be present.
Do you know the primary cause of rapid knee hyperextension during the stance phase? We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about extensor thrust.
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Susan is a 67-year-old female who is being treated for significant balance deficits. The treating therapist is challenging Susan today by having her reach out of her base of support.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which type of motor training the patient is currently engaging in.
Do you know the differences between skill, mobility, controlled mobility and stability based exercises? We will uncover the answer today in this excellent episode about balance interventions.
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Freddy is being treated for a stage IV decubitus ulcer that is dry and infected.
The therapist is challenged with determining which dressing would be the most effective for this wound type.
Do you know which dressings should be considered when an infection is present?
We will uncover all of it in this excellent episode about [prescribing dressings for a decubitus ulcer.
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Helen is currently in physical therapy and is being instructed on how to perform stair climbing given her previous CVA.
The physical therapist is challenged with understanding the type of feedback would be the best to facilitate her proper performance of the motor task.
Do you know which types of feedback are best in the early stages of learning?
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Drew presents to physical therapy with a history of stable angina pectoris, however, has been cleared for exercise. The therapist is challenged with determining the factors that affect the workload of the heart.
Do you know the factors that affect the workload of the heart?
We will uncover all of it in this excellent episode about assessing myocardial ischemia.
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Sonia presents to physical therapy post-MVA a T10 spinal cord injury. She has been using a wheelchair for her primary mode of transportation and now has bilateral hip pain. The physical therapist is challenged with prescribing the correct wheelchair changes in order to reduce hip pain.
Do you know standard wheelchair measurements?
We will uncover all of it in this excellent episode about standard wheelchair measurements.
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Keven presents to physical therapy with an MCL sprain that he suffered during a basketball game. The physical therapist is challenged with understanding joint biomechanics during a full squat.
Can you recall and apply knee biomechanics to a clinical case?
We will uncover how in this excellent episode about assessing joint biomechanics.
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James is being seen in the acute care setting for community-acquired pneumonia. The patient has several lab values that the therapist must assess to determine appropriateness for PT services.
Do you know normal lab values, critical levels, and when it is appropriate to treat your patient?
We will uncover all of it in this excellent episode about assessing lab values.
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Xavier presents with excruciating lower back pain secondary to a lifting accident at work. The patient's MRI confirms a lumbar HNP at L4-L5.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining what findings are consistent with the patient's diagnosis.
Do you know the most common examination findings of a patient with an L4-L5 HNP? We will uncover all of it in this excellent episode about Lumbar Herniated Discs.
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Pam has a history of a middle cerebral artery stroke and is currently having difficulty combing her hair. Despite multiple teaching strategies, the patient she continues to show no improvement.
The physical therapist is challenged with uncovering the specific phenomenon that is present.
Do you know the differences between signs of aphasia and apraxia? We will uncover all of it in this excellent episode about middle cerebral artery strokes.
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Trevor is a 19 year old male who suffered a TBI after a tragic diving incident at the pool. The therapist has categorized the patient as having a level IV on the RLA scale.
The physical therapist is challenged with understanding factors that can increase the patient's level of confusion.
We will learn how to treat a level IV TBI without increasing their level of confusion in this excellent episode about traumatic brain injuries.
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Eddie is a 71-year-old male who presents with significant leg pain after ambulating greater than 5 minutes. The patient reports that the symptoms are getting progressively worse over time.
The physical therapist is challenged with correlating the findings of an ABI test and the subjective assessment.
Do you know your ABI scale? We will uncover all of it in this excellent episode about claudication.
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Daniel is a 17 year old male who fell off a ladder fracturing his proximal tibia. The patient has severed his common peroneal nerve and is undergo EMG.
The physical therapist is challenged with anticipating what readings will show up on the patient's EMG report.
We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about Electromyography.
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Janice presents to physical therapy with a past medical history consistent with diabetes mellitus type 2. The patient also has a resting blood glucose level of 275 mg/dl prior to today's treatment.
The physical therapist is challenged with understanding the correct exercise protocol and glucose monitoring procedures with a patient who presents with hyperglycemia.
We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about treating a patient diabetes mellitus type 2.
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Angela presents to physical therapy with a 5-year history of intermittent flare-ups of her hip and knee joints bilaterally. Angela has a history of joint stiffness and unexplained weight loss.
The physical therapist is challenged with diagnosing the correct condition utilizing a subjective assessment.
We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about adolescent lower extremity pain.
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Drew presents to physical therapy with complaints of plantar surface foot pain. The patient states the symptoms are progressive and have a burning and tingling type sensation.
The physical therapist is challenged with identifying the correct condition based on the subjective assessment and confirming the condition with the correct examination tools.
We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about diagnosing plantar foot pain.
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Shelley presents to physical therapy with complaints of deconditioning and shortness of breath. She has a history consistent with CF and the therapist would like to select the most appropriate interventions to treat her impairments.
The physical therapist is challenged with selecting the correct interventions to mobilize the patient's secretions.
We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about Cystic Fibrosis
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Isabelle presents to physical therapy with a history of cerebral palsy and a developmental age of 8 months.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining which activity the child will not be able to perform given her developmental age.
Do you know your developmental milestone? When should a child be able to sit independently and rotate their trunk? We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about cerebral palsy and developmental milestones.
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Michael presents to physical therapy with complaints of severe right shoulder pain. The treating therapist has diagnosed him with bicipital tendinitis.
The physical therapist is challenged with utilizing the correct medication and setup for iontophoresis.
Do you know the correct setup for iontophoresis? We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about iontophoresis.
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Cindy is seen in the acute care setting for bacterial meningitis. The treating therapist is concerned about the transmission of her illness to other patients.
The physical therapist is challenged with selecting and adhering to the correct infection control guidelines.
Do you know the difference between airborne, droplet, contact and standard infection control precautions? Which one would you use for bacterial meningitis? We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about selecting appropriate infection control guidelines.
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Robert is 6 days status post-acute myocardial infarction and is currently being seen in cardiac rehabilitation phase 1.
The physical therapist is challenged with prescribing the correct exercise intensity to ensure safety during this phase of rehabilitation.
Do you know the exercise intensity recommendations for a patient post-acute myocardial infarction? We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about exercise prescription for a patient status post acute MI.
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Jason has a recent onset of a lateral ankle sprain. He is being treated in the outpatient physical therapy clinic with therapeutic ultrasound.
The physical therapist is challenged with determining the cause of the patient's pain underneath the sound head.
Do you know what ultrasound parameters can lead to pain underneath the ultrasound head? We will uncover the answer in this excellent episode about treating an acute lateral ankle sprain.
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Michael is treated in the acute care setting for confusion, restlessness, and blurred vision. The patient presents with impaired arterial blood gases.
The physical therapist is challenged with recognizing signs and symptoms related to arterial blood gas dysfunction and determining the specific type of condition present.
Do you know your arterial blood gas values? What is normal and what isn't? The answer is what we will uncover in this excellent episode based on examining arterial blood gases.
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Amiee is a 35-year-old female who developed low back pain after
The physical therapist is challenged with recognizing signs an symptoms related to a specific low back condition and determining the approach steps to treating the condition.
Do you know the most effective interventions to resolve lower back pain? This is what we will uncover in this excellent episode based on treating a patient with low back pain.
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Mary is a 32-year-old female who is 2 weeks postpartum and presents with a 2.25cm diastasis recti.
The physical therapist is challenged with recalling the proper treatment strategy for a patient with DR and avoiding exercises that can increase the severity of the separation.
Which intervention is the best to treat a 2.25cm diastasis recti?
This is what we will uncover in this excellent episode based on treating a patient with Diastasis Recti.
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Shirley is a 48-year-old female who has a past medical history of hypothyroidism. She has non-pitting edema, dry skin, and poor peripheral circulation.
The physical therapist is challenged with recalling the signs and symptoms consistent with hypothyroidism while using critical thinking to eliminate attractive answer choices.
Which examination finding should we expect to find with our patient?
This is what we will uncover in this excellent episode based on evaluating a patient with hypothyroidism.
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Darryl is a 59-year-old male who presents the physical therapy with Class III Congestive Heart Failure. He has arrived from the inpatient unit after a severe exacerbation of his CHF but he is cleared by his M.D. for exercise.
The physical therapist is challenged with understanding the pathophysiology related to congestive heart failure as well as the New York Heart Association stages.
This knowledge is required in order to make sound and safe judgments regarding exercise prescription.
Should we send this patient back to the physician for medical clearance or treat him?
This is what we will uncover in this excellent episode based on treating Class III congestive heart failure.
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David is an 11-year old male with a history of Duchene's Muscular Dystrophy (DMD). He is coming to physical therapy with complaints of difficulty with ADLs.
The physical therapist is challenged with understanding the progression of this condition as well as the primary impairments in each stage.
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This first episode of The NPTE Clinical Files focuses on a patient named, Betty, who fell from her bed three weeks ago. Unfortunately, she sustained a closed proximal humeral fracture and is now presenting to physical therapy for rehabilitation. The physical therapist is challenged with determining the primary impairment in this stage of healing along with selecting a safe intervention to address this impairment.
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