Chemistry PapaPodcasts: Recent Episodes
Papapodcasts
KEY CONCEPTS:
-these reactions involve burning a hydrocarbon in the presence of oxygen. Hydrocarbons are compounds made by ONLY H and C atoms.
2 Types of Combustion Reactions:
i.) Complete Combustion (plenty of oxygen)
ii.) Incomplete Combustion (poor supply of oxygen)
Formulas for Combustion Reactions:
i.) Complete Combustion
C#H# + O2 --> CO2 + H2O
ii.) Incomplete Combustion Reactions:
C#H# + O2 --> CO2 + H2O + CO + C
**notice the difference in the Incomplete Combustion reactions
KEY CONCEPTS:
-special type of double displacement reaction
acid + base --> salt + water
REACTANTS
acids - either binary acids or oxy-acids (contain H)
bases - contain hydroxide (OH)
PRODUCTS
salt - ionic compound (ANY metal and non-metal)
water - we know what that is
KEY CONCEPTS:
pairing metals and non-metals
metals switch places with the other metal in the reaction
Don't forget the 5 Step Cross Over Rule! Don't forget to balance the equation.
KEY CONCEPTS:
metals switch with metals
non-metals switch with non-metals
look at the Activity Series if metal would switch with metal. If LONELY metal is higher in the Activity series than the metal paired with the non-metal can the metal switch places. If the LONELY metal is lower in the series, NO REACTION will take place.
Don't forget to balance equations! Don't forget the 5 Step Cross Over Rule
KEY CONCEPTS:
1 reactant --> 2 or more products
metal hydrogen carbonate --> metal carbonate + CO2 + H2O
(the metal can be any of the metals to the left of the aluminum ladder combined with a hydrogen carbonate. The end products are CO2 and H2O along with the metal bonded to the carbonate)
i.e: NaHSO4 --> Na2SO4 + CO2 + H2O
KEY CONCEPTS:
2 or more reactant --> 1 product
metal oxide + water --> base (bases contain an OH-)
non-metal oxide + water --> oxy-acid
(oxy-acid is a polyatomic with a hydrogen acting as a cation) - see what type of polyatomic comes to mind when you look at the non-metal oxide
KEY TERMS: balance both sides of the equation by placing a number (coefficient) in front of the compound. Don't be afraid to have to change that number if it does not completely balance the equation. Balance polyatomic ions first. Remember that REACTANTS are to the left of the arrow and PRODUCTS are to the right of the arrow. Refer to episode on "Counting Atoms". Don't forget your diatomic molecules:
oxygen = O2
hydrogen = H2
bromine = Br2
chlorine = Cl2
iodine = I2
fluorine = F2
nitrogen = N2
KEY TERMS: 2 or more non-metals
Prefixes: mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, nona, deca
KEY CONCEPTS: Name compounds as usual. After naming the compound include the Greek prefix for the amount of waters present and use the name HYDRATE
KEY CONCEPTS: When naming Binary Acids, start by identifying the hydrogen atom as "hydro" and name the non-metal using the "ic" ending and add the word acid.
Rules for Oxy-Acids:
They are derivatives of polyatomic ions and polyatomic variations. Follow the following 4 rules:
i.) ____ate ions become _______ic acid
ii.) per____ate ions become per_____ic acids
iii.) ____ite ions become _____ous acids
iv.) hypo____ite ions become hypo_____ous acids
Bases contain hydroxide ion (OH)-1
**NOTE: NO "hydro" for oxy-acids
KEY CONCEPTS: Always refer to the original form of the polyatomic ion.
From the original form: _____ate ion, if:
i.) you gain an oxygen, name changes to per____ate ion.
ii.) lose 1 oxygen, name changes to _____ite ion.
iii.) lose 2 oxygens, name changes to hypo____ite ion.
**NOTE: the charge of the polyatomic NEVER changes
KEY TERMS: 2 or more non-metals, Nick the Camel ate a Clam for Supper in Phoenix, "ate" ending
Underlined letter represents the atom
# of consonants = # of oxygens
# of vowels = # of negative charges associated with polyatomic
Ending is "ate" - except for ammonium ion and hydroxide ion
5 Step Cross over rule:
- Remember that polyatomic has brackets and the charge is written outside of the brackets
- remove brackets when the number outside of the brackets is a "1"javascript:void(0)
KEY TERMS: transition metals, Classical system, Stock system, Latin names, Roman numerals, cross over rule, reverse cross over rule
"ic" ending = higher charge
"ous"ending = lower charge
KEY CONCEPT:
When you combine a metal and a non-metal, use the 5 Step Cross over Rule to put together your formula
KEY TERMS: alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, halogens, noble gases, octet rule, cations, anions, metals lose electrons, non-metals gain electrons
KEY TERMS:
cation = positively charged atoms (metals)
anion = negatively charged atoms (non-metals)
metals lose electrons, non-metals gain electrons
KEY TERMS: valence electrons, nucleus of the atom, orbitals, shells, protons, neutrons, atomic number, atomic mass (round off), electrons, periods (horizontal rows), groups (vertical columns), period number=#of orbitals, atomic number=# of protons and electrons for neutral atoms
KEY TERMS: valence electrons, groups, periods, orbitals, shells, metals, non-metals
of neutrons=atomic mass - atomic number
Group#=valence electrons
Period#=#of orbitals
Link to Lap Report: http://bit.ly/hXrYav Please print this lab report and bring it with you on the day that you will be conducting this lab in class.
STS: Student Teaching Students: The Labs
Safety Cindy welcomes Hot Jazz, Cool Dani, and Master James to help her explain the procedures involved with the Formation of a Hydrate Lab. Watch this video, acquaint yourself with the materials and procedures so that your lab with run smoothly. Remember to follow proper safety procedures. Do not attempt this without the proper guidance and supervision of a qualified science teacher.
