Python Bytes: Recent Episodes

- automatically add the `e2e` marker to those tests
- move those tests to the end

+ but tool venders are able to define how they use groups. Of course.

+ From Trey Hunner: “I do know that it’s not possible to do 2 passes over a generator (since it’d be exhausted after the first pass) so from my understanding, the generator version requires an extra step of storing all the items in a list first.”

+ TypeIs does what I thought TypeGuard would do in Python

from typing import TypeVar _T = TypeVar("_T") def func(a: _T, b: _T) -> _T: ... - And the new syntax. def funcT -> T: ...
app = Flask(__name__)run_with_ngrok(app) # Start ngrok when app is run# Endpoints ...if __name__ == '__main__': app.run()
 import nox @nox.session(python=["3.8", "3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "pypy3"]) def test(session): session.install(".") session.install("-rdev-requirements.txt") session.run("pytest", "tests/")
 [HTML_REMOVED] [HTML_REMOVED] [HTML_REMOVED] [HTML_REMOVED]
 obj.root.child['name'] # u'child1'
>>> board = []>>> for i in range(3):... row = ['_'] * 3... board.append(row)... >>> board[['_', '_', '_'], ['_', '_', '_'], ['_', '_', '_']]>>> board\[2\][0] = 'X' >>> board[['_', '_', '_'], ['_', '_', '_'], ['X', '_', '_']]
 # Stats for training.talkpython.fm # Full: git clone repo Receiving objects: 100% (118820/118820), 514.31 MiB | 28.83 MiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (71763/71763), done. Updating files: 100% (10792/10792), done. 1.01 GB on disk # Partial: git clone --filter=blob:none repo Receiving objects: 100% (10120/10120), 220.25 MiB | 24.92 MiB/s, done. Resolving deltas: 100% (1454/1454), done. Updating files: 100% (10792/10792), done. 694.4 MB on disk
 @dataclass class Literally: anything: ("can go", "in here") as_long_as: lambda: "it can be evaluated" # Now, I've noticed a tendency for this program to get rather silly. hell: with_("from __future__ import annotations") it_s: not even.evaluated it: just.has(to=be) * syntactically[valid] # Right! Stop that! It's SILLY!
 $ validate-pyproject pyproject.toml Invalid file: pyproject.toml [ERROR] project.authors[{data\_\_authors\_x}] must be object $ validate-pyproject pyproject.toml Invalid file: pyproject.toml [ERROR] Invalid value (at line 3, column 12)
 >>> from __future__ import barry_as_FLUFL >>> 1 <> 2 True >>> 1 != 2 File "[HTML_REMOVED]", line 1 1 != 2 ^ SyntaxError: invalid syntax
# Inflect:import inflectinflector=inflect.engine()print(inflector.number_to_words(8675309))# eight million, six hundred and seventy-five thousand, three hundred and nine# Num2Wordsfrom num2words import num2wordsprint(num2words(8675309))# eight million, six hundred and seventy-five thousand, three hundred and nine
### # uWSGI server configuration###[uwsgi]# uWSGI provides some functionality which can help identify the workersprocname-prefix = training-auto-procname = true
def main():
    WS_EX_TOPMOST = 0x40000
    windowTitle = "Python Windows Message Box Test"
    message = "Hello, world!"
    # display a message box; execution will stop here until user acknowledges
    ctypes.windll.user32.MessageBoxExW(None, message, windowTitle, WS_EX_TOPMOST)
    print("User clicked OK.")

if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

+ The uType (fourth) parameter is a multi-use value that can be or-ed for things like:
    - Type of dialog box: Help, OK, OK/Cancel, Retry/Cancel, Yes/No, etc.
    - The icon to use: Exclamation, Info, Question, etc.
    - Modality, …
+ Return value is used to understand how user reacted:
    - 1 - OK, 2 - Cancel (or x), …, 6 - Yes, 7 - No, …

print(Fore.RED + 'some red text')
print(Style.RESET_ALL)
print('back to normal now')

$ time ruff src/ tests/   
...  
ruff src/ tests/  0.01s user 0.01s system 162% cpu 0.011 total

+ `lru_cache` is fast
+ Unicode art in addition to text in doc strings
+ The `fractions` module
+ and a cool embedded video demo of some of the new css stuff in Textual

def clear_field(event):
    text_field.value = "CLEARING"
    page.update()
    time.sleep(1)
    text_field.value = ""
    page.update()

clear_button = ElevatedButton("Clear the field", on_click=clear_field)
page.add(Row([Column([text_field, clear_button])], alignment="center"))
page.update()

@dataclass()
class Point:
    x: float
    y: float
    z: float

    def __init__(self, x: float, y: float, z: float) -> None:
        self.x = x
        self.y = y
        self.z = z

    def __repr__(self):
        cls = type(self).__name__
        return f'{cls}(x={self.x!r}, y={self.y!r}, z={self.z!r})'

    def __eq__(self, other):
        if not isinstance(other, Point):
            return NotImplemented
        return (self.x, self.y, self.z) == (other.x, other.y, other.z)

+ It just means, “I don’t know how to compare this”, and Python will try `__eq__` on the `other` object. If that also raises `NotImplemented`, a `False` is returned.

+ required settings: `def` `simulate`(n\_samples=gin.REQUIRED)`
+ blacklisted settings: `@gin.configurable(blacklist=["n_samples"])`
+ external configurations (specify values to functions your code is calling)
+ can also references to other functions: `dnn.activation_fn = @tf.nn.tanh`

out_str = out_bytes.getvalue().decode()

# act
context = pypyr.parser.jsonfile.get_parsed_context([in_path])

# assert
assert context == {
    "key1": "value1",
    "key2": "value2",
    "key3": "value3"
}

# act
with pytest.raises(TypeError) as err_info:
    pypyr.parser.jsonfile.get_parsed_context([in_path])

# assert
assert str(err_info.value) == (
    "json input should describe an object at the top "
    "level. You should have something like\n"
    "{\n\"key1\":\"value1\",\n\"key2\":\"value2\"\n}\n"
    "at the json top-level, not an [array] or literal.")

assert HttpMethod.GET == "GET"

import urllib.request

req = urllib.request.Request('https://www.python.org/', method=HttpMethod.HEAD)
with urllib.request.urlopen(req) as response:
   html = response.read()

set -euo pipefail
IFS=$'\n\t'

Python Bytes: Recent Episodes

Michael Kennedy and Brian Okken

pyproject.toml[dependency-groups]test = ["pytest", "pytest-xdist"]lint = ["mypy", "isort"]# Dependency Groups can include other groups! ✨dev = [ {include-group = "test"}, {include-group = "lint"} ]

This file is autogenerated by pip-compile with python 3.10

To update, run:

pip-compile requirements.in

TTL Cache

If you run this, you get a native app window on Mac, Windows or Linux, looking something like this:

number of colours to generate

generate N visually distinct colours

display the colours

read

write

!/bin/bash

use HtmlFormatter(style="stata-dark", full=True, nobackground=True)

for dark themes