A weekly podcast focused on discussing the issues that impact how information is delivered, how we consume it, and how that affects our interactions with each other.
In this episode, we explore the power of language – both the words we use and the larger context of narratives and stories we tell.
My guest is Karen Yin – author of The Conscious Style Guide, and founder and curator of ConsciousStyleGuide.com — which has been called “A timeless, indispensable guide for anyone who wants to communicate with sensitivity and compassion.”
(Photo Credit:Paul Beauchemin)
In this episode, we explore the recent history of women’s sports, particularly basketball, in college and professionally -including in the 90’s, when the first women’s professional league was established - the American Basketball League or ABL, followed closely by the WNBA.
With increased attention and interest on women’s college basketball, and an acknowledgement of the high level of play and skill, the hope is that women’s basketball, soccer, and other sports, will get the attention and fan base they have deserved for years.
But women’s sports have been in the spotlight before. How is this moment similar, and different, to what we have seen in the past.
My guest is Sarah Fields, Professor of Communication at the University of Colorado, Denver; and President of the North American Society for Sport History.
(photo courtesy Tulane Public Relations)
Welcome to News in Context. I’m Gina Baleria.
In this episode, we explore how bridging by building relationships and being curious can connect people across differences - as well as provide lessons for news organizations that seek to inform.
My guest is Monica Guzman, Senior Fellow for Public Practice at Braver Angels; and author of I never thought of it that way: How to have fearlessly curious conversations in dangerously divided times.
Welcome to News in Context, I’m Gina Baleria. In this episode, we talk with New York Times columnist David Brooks, about his new book - How to Know a Person: The Art of Seeing Others Deeply and Being Deeply Seen.
Brooks has been discussing politics and policy in the Times and on NPR for years. But as the social fabric of the U-S began to fray in recent years, he became more and more interested in how to weave community across differences and points of privilege as a way to strengthen that fabric.
His latest book offers stories, tips, and examples to help all of us practice seeing the humanity in others and contribute toward strengthening our communities.
In this episode, we explore the importance of strong neighborhood and community relationships to the health of nations… and discuss how many neighborhoods in the U.S. don’t have strong local ties and need structural and systemic help.
My guest is Seth Kaplan - Author of Fragile Neighborhoods Repairing American Society One Zip Code at a Time. Seth is also an international relations expert whose job is to help fragile states around the world. He consults with organizations such as the World Bank and U.S. State Department, and he teaches international relations at Johns Hopkins University.
This is Civity Week on News in Context. Civity is a culture of deliberately engaging in relationships of respect and empathy with others who are different moving from Us vs. Them to We All Belong.
In this episode, we explore the persistent challenge of how to ensure that everyone has adequate housing. We discuss why the U.S. faces these issues, and what can – and can’t – be done at various levels of government. We also explore how we might re-frame the way we discuss housing and homelessness, to help us re-think solutions.
My guest is Tony Sparks, Associate Professor of Urban Studies & Planning Program in the Public Affairs & Civic Engagement (PACE) program at San Francisco State University.
In this episode, we explore how much of the information we get is mediated - edited - and we all get different edits based on what the algorithm thinks we want. This means we see and understand things differently, and that has contributed to polarization and othering.
My Guest is Riaz Patel, executive producer and director focusing on reality shows with positive transformations. His show The Connect Effect seeks to counter the edits we all see by bringing people face-to-face, so they can build relationships without labels that define us in the media. This can help reduce polarization and increase connection.
In this episode, we discuss press freedom in the U.S. in the wake of a police raid of the local paper in Marion, Kansas. In that raid, officers confiscated most of the paper’s computers and other equipment, leaving its journalists scrambling to be able to publish.
Press freedom advocates have criticized Marion’s police chief for using tactics generally seen in authoritarian countries. But there are concerns over other incidents across the country designed to intimidate and silence journalists.
My guests are:
Kirstin McCudden, Vice President of Editorial at the Freedom of the Press Foundation, and managing editor of the U.S. Press Freedom Tracker
-AND-
Seth Stern, Director of Advocacy at the Freedom of the Press Foundation.
Find resources and guides to protect your privacy and security at Freedom.Press - and see the U.S. Press Freedom Tracker at PressFreedomTracker.US
Image Courtesy U.S. Press Freedom Tracker, led by the Freedom of the Press Foundation and the Committee to Protect Journalists, in collaboration with leading press freedom groups.
In Part Two of my conversation with Chesa Boudin, we explore how his experiences as a child have informed his approach to criminal justice, and his efforts to seek reforms to how we engage with both the accused and the victims of crime.
We also discuss the importance of communicating – both providing data and sharing stories – to help people understand context and demand policies that keep us all safer. And we touch on the challenges of actually implementing change in the face of the status quo.
Chesa Boudin is former San Francisco DA and now founding executive director of the newly created Criminal Law & Justice Center at UC Berkeley School of Law.
Welcome to News in Context – I’m Gina Baleria.
In this episode, we talk with former San Francisco DA Chesa Boudin, founding executive director of the newly created Criminal Law & Justice Center at UC Berkeley School of Law.
We discuss Boudin’s new role at UC Berkeley, and his plans for advancing victim's rights, true justice for all, and criminal justice reform by seeking evidence-based solutions and researching what can work.
We also explore how we could truly reform the U.S. criminal justice system to make it work for everyone - and how to navigate resistance to reform efforts.
This is Part 1 of my interview with Chesa Boudin. You can hear Part 2 next week.
In this episode, we explore how economic issues are often talked about in ways that minimize the needs of those who may not have the means to withstand recessions, contractions, or other economic downturns. This issue takes on greater urgency in an era of trying to control inflation… and deal with recent regional bank failures.
My guest is Lynn Parramore, writer and researcher with the Institute for New Economic Thinking.
In this episode, we explore how othering has led to increased marginalization and vilification of people who are un-housed, and how civity can help counter this trend by helping people who are housed see the humanity of those without housing.
My guest is Eric Tars, Legal Director of National Homelessness Law Center, who reminds us that housing is a human right. Tars hopes that helping people see each other’s humanity can bring this back into focus.
In this episode, we explore how engaging across our racial and class divides can help bring us together to care for and nurture our democracy.
My guest is Ian Haney López, professor at UC Berkeley School of Law, and author of several books, including Dog Whistle Politics: How Coded Racial Appeals Have Reinvented Racism & Wrecked the Middle Class, and Merge Left: Fusing Race & Class, Winning Elections, and Saving America.
López says strategic racism is a deeply corrosive force, and he’s is exploring how to counter its effects by encouraging people to come together across racial divides, so we can focus on our commonalities… develop shared understandings of what we want from democracy and our elected officials, and work together to improve society.
López developed the Race-Class Narrative Project and the Race-Class Academy to counter dog-whistle politics and build cross-racial and cross-class solidarity.
This is Part Two of our interview. Hear Part One at NewsInContext.net.
In this episode, we explore the strategic use of racism in electoral politics to divide citizens across racial and other differences in an effort to retain power and wealth.
My guest is Ian Haney López, professor at UC Berkeley School of Law, and author of several books, including Dog Whistle Politics: How Coded Racial Appeals Have Reinvented Racism & Wrecked the Middle Class, and Merge Left: Fusing Race & Class, Winning Elections, and Saving America.
López says strategic racism is a deeply corrosive force, and he’s is exploring how to counter its effects by encouraging people to come together across racial divides, so we can focus on our commonalities… develop shared understandings of what we want from democracy and our elected officials… and work together to improve society.
López developed the Race-Class Narrative Project and the Race-Class Academy to counter dog-whistle politics and build cross-racial and cross-class solidarity.
This is Part ONE of my interview with Ian Haney López. You can hear Part TWO next week.
In this episode, we explore a massive new study on improving the health of democracy. The Strengthening Democracy Challenge invited more than 30-thousand people to engage with 25 interventions. The goal was to find ways to reduce things like partisan animosity, partisan violence, and anti-democratic attitudes, and increase social trust and a willingness to engage with people across socially salient differences.
An intervention from the nonprofit, Civity, was one of 25 chosen from a pool of 250-plus… and it was number 1 at increasing social trust, number 2 in decreasing social distance and opposition to bipartisanshi, and number 4 in reducing partisan animosity.
Civity’s relational, story-based intervention also reduced support for un-democratic practices and helped people accept others from across the political divide.
We talk with researcher Robb Willer, professor of sociology, psychology, and organizational behavior at Stanford University; as well as Director of the Polarization and Social Change Lab… and Co-Director of the Center on Philanthropy and Civil Society.
In this episode, we explore the Bay Area housing market, and how mass corporate ownership of homes and apartments throughout the region affects communities and people trying to afford to rent or buy here.
My Guest is Susie Neilson, Data Reporter for the San Francisco Chronicle - covering housing, domestic migration, and crime & criminal justice.
Susie and a team at the SF Chronicle recently released a series of reports on corporate and LLC real estate - and created an interactive map of who owns property in the Bay Area, an amazing feat of data reporting.
The SF Chronicle series also includes maps of the real estate owned or controlled by a handful of corporate LLCs that can be traced back to a specific power player.
In this episode, we talk with Melissa Weintraub, founder & co-executive director of Resetting the Table. Resetting the table focuses on building dialogue and deliberation across political divides, focusing on seemingly intractable differences that are breeding distrust, a lack of empathy, and marginalization. To learn more about Resetting the Table, and to view the film Purple – which uncovers humanity beneath our national conflicts - go to resettingthetable.org/purple.
In this episode, we explore concepts of privilege - and how they color our systems and perpetuate inequities. We also discuss how building relationships across groups in a community can help us begin to address these systemic issues, while at the same time forging connections and building trust.
My guest is Jacqueline Font-Guzman, vice president for diversity, equity, & inclusion at Eastern Mennonite University; and strategic vision director for the Center of Justice & Peace Building at EMU.
It’s no secret that polarization is deepening divides across the US. Over the past few years, many people have started or joined what are called bridging organizations to try and bring people together across those divides and help people bridge their differences by cultivating relationships -helping us see each other’s humanity and connecting on commonalities. The hope is that this helps us work together to solve the problems in our communities and society.
In this episode, we welcome Graham Bodie, professor of integrated marketing communication at the University of Mississippi, and chief listening officer with the Listen First Project.
This is Civity Week on News in Context. Civity is a culture of deliberately engaging in relationships of respect and empathy with others who are different - moving people from us-versus-them to we-all-belong.
Listen First also bridges, focusing its efforts on elevating the impact, visibility, and voice of organizations doing bridging work
We explore how Listen First brings bridging organizations together, and works to bring more people to the experience of connecting across differences, and scale the work of bridging divides in communities across the U.S.
We also discuss the act of listening itself, the importance of learning how to listen, and what listening looks like in different contexts.
In this episode, we explore the sharp increase in fentanyl deaths across the country, including in San Francisco and the Bay Area, which had thus far had great success in combating the opioid epidemic.
My guest is Dr. Philip Coffin, director of substance use research at the San Francisco Department of Public Health - who discusses how fentanyl is different than other opioids, and what we can do to mitigate its impact.
In this episode, we continue our conversation with Stanford political scientist Dr. Kathryn Stoner… on the context of Putin’s invasion of Ukraine.
Stoner is the Mosbacher Director of the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law; Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies; Political Scientist at Stanford; and Senior Fellow (by courtesy) at the Hoover Institution.
Stoner is also the author of Russia Resurrected. Its Power and Purpose in a New Global Order.
This is Part Two of my interview with Dr. Stoner… You can hear Part One at Newsincontext.net.
In this episode, we continue exploring the context of Russia’s invasion of Ukraine - or as our guest, political scientist Dr. Kathryn Stoner, clarifies – Putin’s invasion.
Stoner is the Mosbacher Director of the Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law; Senior Fellow at the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies; Political Scientist at Stanford; and Senior Fellow (by courtesy) at the Hoover Institution.
Stoner is also the author of Russia Resurrected. Its Power and Purpose in a New Global Order.
My interview with Dr. Stoner will be presented in two parts. This is part one… which focuses on Putin’s version of a global order… and his goals with regard to Ukraine… as well as an exploration of the balancing acts both Putin and NATO are engaging in… as this conflict proceeds. Part 2 will air next week.
In this episode, we explore the historical and geo-political context of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, as well as the role and actions of NATO.
As we watch and read about Putin’s brutal actions in Ukraine and how they are affecting the people who live there, many of us find ourselves wondering why this is happening at all.
Discussing this with me today is Dr. Amir Weiner, Director of the Center for Russian, East European, & Eurasian Studies at Stanford University.
In this episode, we discuss the realities of COVID-19 and other diseases on our health and well being - and how vaccines have both saved us from the grim realities, and led us to forget just how bad diseases can get without vaccines to keep them at bay.
My guest is Meredith Wadman, senior reporter with Science Magazine in Washington, D.C., and author of The Vaccine Race: Science, Politics, and the Human Costs of Defeating Disease.
In this episode, we discuss vaccines – the science that has brought us such an incredible solution to public health crises; the human response to vaccines, mandates, and scientific information; and how misinformation has derailed clear communication.
My guest is Greta Keenan, program specialist for science & society at the World Economic Forum.
Photo Credit: Wellcome Images
In this episode, we explore elections issues that make it harder for us to participate in democracy, the consequences of that, and how we can address these issues and improve our civic health.
This includes redistricting, campaign finance, voter suppression, weaponizing the recall, and other issues.
My guest is Jonathan Mehta Stein, executive director of California Common Cause.
In this episode, we discuss California’s redistricting process, and the maps recently certified after the latest round of map drawing in the state. This is only the second time California’s non-partisan redistricting commission has convened.
My guest is Sameea Kamal, reporter for CalMatters who covers redistricting.
In this episode, we discuss local journalism, and the important role it continues to play - both in the health of our democracy - and in holding powerful organizations, companies, and government officials to account.
We also explore the challenges local journalism faces, and how news audiences can support robust local news in their communities.
My guest is Elahe Izadi, media reporter for the Washington Post.
In this episode, we explore mental health throughout the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic… including the mental health challenges exacerbated by the pandemic… as well as what all of us can learn to cope from coping methods taught by mental professionals.
My guest is Jeff Bell, Bay Area broadcast journalist, and co-founder & president of the Adversity to Advocacy Alliance (A2A). Jeff is also author of two books on OCD: Rewind, Replay, Repeat and When in Doubt, Make Belief.
Find out more at A2AAlliance.org and HEAR and SHARE messages of hope at ProjectHopeExchange.com.
If you’re facing mental health challenges, connect with a professional, get emotional support from friends and mental health support organizations, and take care of yourself - including getting sleep and exercise.
For more resources, check out The National Institute of Mental Health… Mental Health America, The National Alliance on Mental Illness, and the International OCD Foundation.
In this episode, we explore the power of language, and the importance of using humanizing language in journalism.
My guest is Aubrey Nagle, editor of Reframe at Resolve Philly – “an initiative that aims to help journalists more fairly and accurately report on misrepresented and excluded communities.”
In our conversation, we focus on the importance of recognizing the humanity in the sources and stories journalists cover, and we discuss how we all can elevate humanity, connect with fellow community members, and de-prioritize misinformation and false equivalencies by using humanizing language.
Find out more about Reframe @ReframeNews
In this episode, we explore the journalism industry and approaches to news coverage in the US - including the challenges we face, how young people are thinking about storytelling and information sharing, and what journalism should offer society.
My guests are former journalists, turned educators: Yumi Wilson… journalism professor at San Francisco State University, and Grace Provenzano, journalist, documentary producer, and educator at Arizona State University.
Grace, Yumi, and I co-authored a book about journalism called Writing & Reporting the News for the 21st Century.
In this episode, we explore the proliferation of organizations working to engage people across difference, and the urgency this work has taken on in recent years, as people in the US become more and more polarized. This is Civity Week on News in Context. Civity is a culture of deliberately engaging in relationships of respect and empathy with others who are different - moving people from us-versus-them to we-all-belong. My guest is David Eisner, CEO of the nonprofit bridging organization Convergence.
In this episode, we continue our conversation with Tom Rosenstiel, journalist, press critic, and co-author of the seminal book on Journalism, The Elements of Journalism, which is now in its third edition. Rosenstiel is also the author of ten other books, including four novels. He is currently the Eleanor Merrill visiting professor on the future of journalism at the Phillip Merrill college of journalism at the University of Maryland.
In Part 1 of our conversation, we focused on many issues affecting U-S journalism, including the health of the industry and how things have shifted.
We also discussed the role of politics, and the diminishing of local news, on the health of the journalism industry.
In addition, we began our conversation about the role of objectivity and bias in journalism - what those words were meant to mean, and what they’ve become, as well as a discussion of opinion versus opinion journalism.
Rosenstiel reminds us that opinion journalists are indeed journalists who were trained in the art of doing journalism well.
We continue our conversation on objectivity and bias, as well as how journalism can play a more effective role in better informing the public.
In this episode, we explore the state of journalism in the U.S., including the challenges we face, as well as where we can find hope for a future of robust journalism that holds power to account and helps us understand our world – both near and far.
My guest is Tom Rosenstiel - journalist, press critic, and co-author of the seminal book on Journalism, The Elements of Journalism, which is now in its third edition. Rosenstiel is also the author of ten other books, including four novels.
He is currently the Eleanor Merrill visiting professor on the future of journalism at the Phillip Merrill college of journalism at the University of Maryland.
This is part 1 of our conversation you can hear part 2 next week.
In this episode, we explore the debt ceiling - what it is, why it exists, and why it keeps coming up in Congressional negotiations and wrangling.
My guest is Barry Eichengreen, professor of economics and political science at UC Berkeley, and co-author of In Defense of Public Debt, and How to Achieve Inclusive Growth.
In this episode, we discuss the disparity in attention in the U.S., when it comes to missing people of color.
My guest is Derrica Wilson, co-founder of the Black & Missing Foundation (BAMFI). They work with families of missing loved ones to help them connect with law enforcement, news media, and other resources, in an effort to bring attention to - and find - those who are missing.
For more information, go to BAMFI.org.
List of people missing in California: https://blackandmissinginc.com/search/
In this episode, we discuss the state of U-S tax policy, as well as some ideas for how to overhaul the system to make it more equitable, efficient, and coherent.
We also discuss some current tax structures… and their practical impacts on the items we buy… the money we make… and who bears an unequal share of the tax burden.
My guest is Annette Nellen, Tax Professor and Director of the Graduate Tax Program at San Jose State University.
This is part two of our conversation. You can hear Part 1 at news-in-context-dot-net.
Professor Nellen also writes the Blog 21st Century Taxation.
For more information on the topics discussed in this episode and Pt. 2, check out these resources:
In this episode, we explore taxes in the US, including how tax policy has evolved and devolved over the course of U-S history, what taxes are meant to be for, and how we can help the general public engage in discussions and decisions involving tax policy.
My guest is Annette Nellen - Tax Professor and Director of the Graduate Tax Program at San Jose State University. Professor Nellen also writes the Blog 21st Century Taxation.
For more information on the topics discussed in this episode and Pt. 2, check out these resources:
In this episode, we explore the First Amendment aspects of voting, elections, and campaigns - in particular how voting and related activities might be considered speech, and how the courts have come to view the First Amendment’s role - or lack thereof - in voting.
My guest is Lata Nott, First Amendment Fellow at the Freedom Forum; and deputy policy director for State Voices, a voting rights organization.
In this episode, we explore the importance of making connections across sectors to achieving healthy communities.
Our guest is Nang Mo Kham, Eisenhower Fellow & senior health specialist at the World Bank, based in Myanmar. Nang sees herself as someone who can help establish a system that knits together local services, including education, public health, and others, to improve access for everyone, no matter their social status, background, or ethnicity - and thus improve the overall health of her community.
This is Civity week on NIC. Civity is a culture of deliberately engaging in relationships of respect and empathy with others who are different. Nang’s work aligns with the civity principles of building relational infrastructure to bridge difference and move from us-vs-them to ‘we all belong.’
We are also joined in this episode by Civity intern, Maya Fiorella.
In this episode, we explore where we’re at with the COVID-19 pandemic - regionally, nationally, and internationally - and begin to assess where we’ve come from, how we handled the pandemic in the US, what worked, and how we could have done better.
We also discuss what we can do moving forward to save lives and truly put this pandemic behind us.
My guest is Dr. Monica Gandhi, infectious disease expert & professor of medicine at UCSF.
In this episode, we explore carbon offsets, and how their promise as a way to mitigate carbon emissions - and thus climate change - have not yet panned out.
A recent article in ProPublica found that, instead those who broker in carbon offsets appear to be gaming the system, and the calculations of how much carbon is being sequestered in forests are often mis-calculated or erroneous.
My guests are Grayson Badgley, post-doctoral researcher at Black Rock Forest, a research forest just outside of New York City, and Anna Trugman, Assistant Professor of geography at UC Santa Barbara. Their research was featured in the ProPublica article.
In this episode, we explore the role of the public health department - from obvious activities, such as educating the public about COVID-19 - to activities that may not be immediately clear, such as being involved in transit planning or declaring racism a public health crisis.
To be effective and really reach the publics that they serve, public health departments must figure out how to communicate with those who may disagree with government officials and each other.
My guest is Andy Wessel, community health planner with the Douglas County Health Department in Omaha, Nebraska.
In this episode, we explore the parameters and jurisdiction of the First Amendment, as well as how we can better navigate issues and challenges involving speech in digital spaces.
My guest is Lata Nott, First Amendment Fellow at the Freedom Forum, and Deputy Director of Policy at State Voices.
In this episode, we explore the impacts of News Deserts and Ghost Newspapers - parts of the U.S. where there’s either no local paper, or where the local paper has been gutted and can no longer adequately cover the community.
My guest is Dan Kennedy, professor in the school of journalism at Northeastern University and a contributor to GBH News in Boston.
In this episode, we explore the importance of precision in language - in particular for journalists and other content creators seeking to inform and contextualize information - and how lack of precision can contribute to polarization, misinformation, and echo-chambers.
In particular, we discuss the January 6 insurrection at the U.S. Capitol, and how journalists navigated language and word use to communicate what was happening as the story unfolded.
My guest is Pamela Mejia, head of research at the Berkeley Media Studies Group or BMSG.
(photo by: Blinkofanaye (CC BY-NC 2.0)
In this episode, we take a deeper look at California’s fire outlook in 2021 and moving forward.
Over the past few years, massive wildfires tore across parts of California, wiping out homes, businesses, and entire towns and communities. Our fire season keeps getting longer and longer, meaning firefighters, communities, and the vegetation have less time to recover.
In 2020, wildfires burned 4.2 million acres in in the state – a record. And in 2021, weather models indicate that the greatest fire risk will come earlier than usual.
My guest is Lynne Tolmachoff… supervising deputy state fire Marshall… for the California Department of Forestry and Fire Protection - or CalFire.
For more information on how you can prepare for wildfire, including a helpful checklist, go to ReadyForWildfire.org.
In this episode, we discuss the current state of California’s climate - how it’s changed in recent years, and what we face in 2021, including a significant drought and warmer temperatures, setting the stage for a potentially severe and lengthy fire season.
My guest is Brian Garcia, warning coordination meteorologist for the National Weather Service, serving the San Francisco Bay Area.
In this episode, we explore the role and power of language - words and phrases - in how we discuss the issues that affect us and that drive our news and information cycles.
Phrases like “Black Lives Matter” and “Cancel Culture,” and words, such as “socialism,” “communism," and “fascism,” are battled over in our media spaces until their actual meaning seems lost and we assign meanings that serve our ends.
My guest is Laura Specker Sullivan, PhD, assistant professor of philosophy at Fordham University.
In this episode, we explore how the imagery and visuals that are infused into racist and misogynistic tropes today can be traced to classical works of art, including both the intentional messaging of the artist… as well as the cultural context we bring, and how we interpret and use that imagery.
We also discuss how the art we think of as canon was actually deliberately and intentionally defined in an early and successful PR effort that persists to today.
My guest is Letha Ch’ien, Ph.D., assistant professor of art history at Sonoma State University.
Works of art mentioned in this episode include:
In this episode, we explore the current state of news, and how the way news is presented in the U.S. has shifted during the pandemic, including a greater acceptance of emotion in news coverage, and a discussion of the role of objectivity and how to navigate biases to report contextually and inform audiences.
My guest is John Zipperer… Vice President of Media & Editorial at The Commonwealth Club, where he hosts the Week-to-Week Political Roundtable.
In this episode, we explore how Asian Americans are framed in mainstream news and media, and how that framing informs our understanding and discourse around stories of anti-Asian violence - including the shooting of six Asian women and two others in Atlanta, and the multiple incidents of hate and violence against Asians here in the Bay Area.
My guests are KCBS Reporter Holly Quan, and Wei Ming Dariotis, Ph.D., professor of Asian American Studies at San Francisco State University; affiliate faculty with the Educational Leadership Doctoral Program; and faculty director of the Center for Equity and Excellence in Teaching & Learning (CEETL).
In this episode, we explore how journalists experience trauma and manage - or fail to manage - the stressors that are inherent to the job. My guest is Misha LeClair, a former Bay Area TV news producer, who decided to switch careers as an act of self-care - walking away from a profession she had dedicated nearly 20 years to - after realizing that she was being negatively impacted by the cumulative trauma of covering major news stories and the stressors of a sometimes toxic work environment.
TRIGGER WARNING: Misha and I begin our conversation by discussing in-depth the police killing of Oscar Grant at BART’s Fruitvale Station on New Year’s morning, 2009. This discussion may be upsetting for some listeners.
In this episode, we discuss domestic violence – an issue that affects one third of women and teen girls in the U.S. As the COVID-19 pandemic has led to widespread sheltering in place, the situation has only gotten worse.
Many domestic violence advocates are calling attention to the fact that this, too, is an epidemic, and we need to do more to prevent it.
My guest is Katharine Berg, director of community partnerships and philanthropy at La Casa de las Madres, a domestic violence prevention organization in San Francisco.
If you are experiencing domestic violence or afraid for someone in your life, call La Casa at their 24-Hour hotline—877-503-1850—or Text—415-200-3575.
In this episode, we explore issues of free expression, privacy, and the roles of corporate and government entities in moderating social media content and platforms.
As digital media takes a central place in communication and information sharing, how do we navigate the balance between free speech, safety, privacy, and harm.
My guest is Danny O'Brien, director of strategy at the Electronic Frontier Foundation.
In this episode, we explore how to inform publics through a nonprofit journalism model, and the importance of bringing journalists together and supporting them, so they can serve their publics and hold power accountable.
My guest is Dave Kaplan – executive director of the Global Investigative Journalism Network (GIJN). GIJN supports investigative journalists around the world, as they do the difficult and sometimes dangerous work of shining a light on issues that the public needs to know
In this episode, we explore how unconscious bias has influenced news coverage - by defaulting to favor mainstream society and failing to adequately tell the full stories of marginalized communities, including women and transgender people, people of color, and communities lower on the socioeconomic spectrum.
My guest is Keith Woods, chief diversity officer at NPR. Keith has been working for much of his career to bring these issues to light, help newsrooms face their inherent biases, and more fully cover and engage with communities that are less represented in news coverage.
In this episode, we talk with Glenn Kessler, editor… and chief writer of the Washington Post Fact Checker… and credited with doing the first official fact check during the 1996 Presidential campaign… ahead of a debate between Bill Clinton and Bob Dole.
Kessler is also co-author of the book… Donald Trump and His Assault on Truth: The President’s Falsehoods, Misleading Claims and Flat-Out Lies… which chronicles and examines the falsehoods Trump has uttered throughout his presidency.
Kessler’s approach to fact checking had to change during the years Trump was president… prompting him and his team to create a separate database to catalogue and deal with the average of 15 false claims a day… while still endeavoring to explore and contextualize fact checks from other politicians based on policy.
In this episode we explore how trauma and stress impact journalists, as well as an evolving sensibility among those who practice journalism that self-care and safety must become more integral parts of the work of informing the public, bringing information to light, and holding power to account.
This conversation had begun prior to 2020, but it has come into focus in recent months - with the COVID-19 pandemic, journalist’s safety being threatened by authorities during social justice demonstrations, coverage of natural disaster after natural disaster, and a general deterioration of public trust, coupled with a president who has spent four years calling the credibility of journalists into question.
My guest is Elana Newman, PhD, McFarlin Professor of Psychology at the University of Tulsa, and Research Director for the Dart Center for Journalism and Trauma, which advocates for and educates about ethical, thorough, compassionate coverage of trauma stories and those affected.
In this episode, we explore the journalistic norms that have driven the profession, and why evolving those norms could lead to stronger coverage of the stories that affect us. This includes using more inclusive language, seeking sources outside the realms of official authorities, and striving for newsroom diversity.
My guest is Steve Bien-Aime, Ph.D., Assistant Professor of Journalism at Northern Kentucky University… and adjunct instructor at the Poynter Institute.
Welcome to News in Context. I’m Gina Baleria.
In this episode, we take a closer look at journalism – in particular how news outlets covered the 2020 presidential campaign and local and national elections, including the candidates and communities. What worked? Where were journalists challenged? and where does the field of journalism go from here?
My guests are:
Martin G. Reynolds, Co-executive director of the Robert C. Maynard Institute for Journalism Education
Lila LaHood, publisher of the San Francisco Public Press; and a board member of the Society of Professional Journalists Northern California Chapter.
In this episode, we talk with four college students from and/or attending school in the Bay Area - all of them taking classes right now online.
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the majority of schools across the country to move classes online – both K-12 and higher ed. The goal is to prevent the spread of COVID-19, especially in colleges, where students may come to the college from another community and return to their home community for holidays or other visits – risking the spread of viral infection.
But, online learning has taken its toll on many students, instructors, and families. Many students report feeling depressed, isolated, anxious, overwhelmed, detached, or unable to focus. Some students have taken a break from their studies, and others are struggling to keep up with what feels like an increased workload and decreased engagement in their classes.
Joining me in this episode to talk about their experiences with online learning are college students:
Sarah Glasser, a junior at Santa Clara University, majoring in sociology with a minor in ethnic studies.
Aisha Glenn, a San Francisco resident who is now a junior at McGill University in Canada, majoring in Labor Relations and double minoring in sociology and health geography.
Emma Molloy, who is currently studying communications at Santa Rosa Junior College but considering changing her major to journalism. She is a staff writer for the SRJC Oak Leaf newspaper.
And Nick Vides, majoring in journalism & political science at Santa Rosa Junior College and current Editor-in-Chief of the Oak Leaf.
In this episode, we talk with four college students from and/or attending school in the Bay Area - all of them taking classes right now online.
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the majority of schools across the country to move classes online – both K-12 and higher ed. The goal is to prevent the spread of COVID-19, especially in colleges, where students may come to the college from another community and return to their home community for holidays or other visits – risking the spread of viral infection.
But, online learning has taken its toll on many students, instructors, and families. Many students report feeling depressed, isolated, anxious, overwhelmed, detached, or unable to focus. Some students have taken a break from their studies, and others are struggling to keep up with what feels like an increased workload and decreased engagement in their classes.
Joining me in this episode to talk about their experiences with online learning are college students:
Sarah Glasser, a junior at Santa Clara University, majoring in sociology with a minor in ethnic studies.
Aisha Glenn, a San Francisco resident who is now a junior at McGill University in Canada, majoring in Labor Relations and double minoring in sociology and health geography.
Emma Molloy, who is currently studying communications at Santa Rosa Junior College but considering changing her major to journalism. She is a staff writer for the SRJC Oak Leaf newspaper.
And Nick Vides, majoring in journalism & political science at Santa Rosa Junior College and current Editor-in-Chief of the Oak Leaf.
In this episode, we talk with four college students from and/or attending school in the Bay Area - all of them taking classes right now online.
The COVID-19 pandemic has prompted the majority of schools across the country to move classes online – both K-12 and higher ed. The goal is to prevent the spread of COVID-19, especially in colleges, where students may come to the college from another community and return to their home community for holidays or other visits – risking the spread of viral infection.
But, online learning has taken its toll on many students, instructors, and families. Many students report feeling depressed, isolated, anxious, overwhelmed, detached, or unable to focus. Some students have taken a break from their studies, and others are struggling to keep up with what feels like an increased workload and decreased engagement in their classes.
Joining me in this episode to talk about their experiences with online learning are college students:
Sarah Glasser, a junior at Santa Clara University, majoring in sociology with a minor in ethnic studies.
Aisha Glenn, a San Francisco resident who is now a junior at McGill University in Canada, majoring in Labor Relations and double minoring in sociology and health geography.
Emma Molloy, who is currently studying communications at Santa Rosa Junior College but considering changing her major to journalism. She is a staff writer for the SRJC Oak Leaf newspaper.
And Nick Vides, majoring in journalism & political science at Santa Rosa Junior College and current Editor-in-Chief of the Oak Leaf.
In this episode, we talk with John Wood, Jr., national ambassador for Braver Angels, an organization also working to build relationships across the divides that fracture Americans. John discusses how Braver Angels is working to bridge the divides that fracture us and build community.
In this episode, we take a closer look at the response among many in the medical and public health communities to the president’s handling of the COVID-19 pandemic, his own diagnosis, and the national response to U.S. citizens reeling from those choices.
My guest is Dr. Mike Reid, Assistant Professor of Medicine at UCSF, and Associate Director of the Center for Global Health Diplomacy, Delivery & Economics. Mike has also been heading up San Francisco’s contact tracing efforts, and we discuss the city’s response, and his work communicating with contact tracers around the world.
In this episode, we seek to make sense of the recent New York Times articles about the President’s tax returns. We also explore the U.S. tax system - in particular who benefits, who doesn’t, and how the tax code reflects and doesn’t reflect our goals and priorities.
My guests are Annette Nellen, professor in taxation at San Jose State University, and Matthew Gardner, Senior Fellow at the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy.
In this episode, we explore how some tenets of media literacy can be co-opted by conspiracy theorists, and how to approach media literacy education in a way that ensures students have the skills and abilities to navigate this landscape and assess information holistically.
My guest is Renee Hobbs – professor of communication studies at the Harrington School of Communication and Media at the University of Rhode Island; Director of the Media Education Lab; author of the new book, Mind Over Media: Propaganda Education in a Digital Age.
In part two of my conversation with Renee Hobbs, we explore the limitations of media literacy taught in isolation, including how it can be flipped by conspiracy theorists, as well as the importance of teaching media holistically, and hand-in-hand with things like empathy, discernment, art, and collaboration.
In this episode, we explore the allure and growing influence of conspiracy theories, and how they are both combated by and influenced by Media Literacy. This includes the role of conspiracy theories in our sociopolitical context, and the issues and challenges in our current marketplace of ideas - in the classroom, on social media, and in our public discourse.
My guest is Dr. Renee Hobbs, professor of communication studies at the Harrington School of Communication and Media at the University of Rhode Island, and Director of the Media Education Lab.
She is also the author of the new book, Mind Over Media: Propaganda Education in a Digital Age (W.W. Norton).
This is part one of a two-part interview.
In this episode, we explore the influence and impact of framing - in particular how mainstream news tends to frame national issues as gamified, two-sided face-offs - democrat vs. republican... conservative vs. progressive… this politician vs. that politician. This can happen even when the two-sided frame is not actually relevant, and it can lead to an erosion of understanding among news audiences.
My guests are:
Dr. Regina Lawrence – Professor and Associate Dean in the School of Journalism & Communication at the University of Oregon
Dr. Amber Boydstun, Professor of Political Science with a courtesy appointment in the Communications Department at UC Davis.
In this episode, we explore California’s history of and relationship to fire, in particular how native populations worked with fire, and how colonizers from Europe suppressed and prohibited cultural fire management with what we now know are devastating consequences.
Over the past four years, the Golden State has battled ever more massive and destructive wildfires, prompting many to call out the importance of managing the land in a different way, and looking to native tribes for answers.
My guests are:
Rick O’Rourke - Member of the Yurok Tribe, traditional fire practitioner, and Fire & Fuels Coordinator and Project Coordinator for the Cultural Fire Management Council
Lenya Quinn-Davidson - Area Fire Advisor for the University of California Cooperative Extension, and Director of the Northern California Prescribed Fire Council
Steve Pyne - Emeritus Professor at Arizona State University, author, and fire historian
Photo Courtesy: Ken-ichi Ueda (CC BY-NC 2.0)
In this episode, we explore California’s dynamic and shifting climate, which impacts so much across the Bay area, region, and state, including our weather, our water, our land, our crops, our snowpack, and our air.
Just during the past few weeks, we have seen an intense heat wave and spectacular and devastating lightning storms that sparked hundreds of wildland fires all over the Bay Area and Northern California - fires so large they are among the biggest we have ever seen.
These fires have driven many of us indoors to shelter from the smoke and particulate-filled air.
They come on the heels of California’s longest and driest drought ever recorded – from 2011-to-2019. An Economist article from August 26, 2020 points out that this drought led to the deaths of nearly 150 million trees, which have dried out and become fuel for fire.
My guest is Dr. Michael Anderson, State Climatologist with the California Department of Water Resources
Photo by: Ali Zifan (CC BY-SA 4.0) (derived from World Köppen Classification (with authors).svg)
In this episode, we talk about the post office with Dr. Richard R. John, Professor of History & Communications in the Columbia Journalism School at Columbia University. Dr. John teaches courses on the history of communications, capitalism, and American political development - and all of these factors have played out – in part – via the post office.
The U.S. Postal Service has found itself in focus as the 2020 presidential election nears, after reports surfaced that the head of the agency had moved forward with a plan to take sorting machines offline and remove blue postal boxes, potentially jeopardizing the ability of the post office to deliver ballots from voters to the polls in time to be counted.
With Dr. John, I explore the history, role, and significance of the U.S. Post Office - and the tension between the U.S. Post Office as a service and the desire by some to treat it as a business.
In this episode, we explore allyship - How to support black people and other people of color in the fight for equity, protection from police brutality, and to dismantle systemic racism. We also discuss how allyship can go wrong when well-meaning white people take the mantle of ally but fail to check in with black leadership or center black people.
My guests are: John Jones, III, Director of Community & Political Engagement at Just Cities; formerly incarcerated; and a single father of two.
Jocelyn Prince, Principal at ALJP Consulting; Associate Member of Beehive Dramaturgy Studio NYC; and Faculty of Theatre & Performance Studies at Northwestern University
Elz Cuya Jones, Deputy Director at the North Star Fund.
In this episode, I continue my conversation with three Bay Area theatre makers of color who are working to ensure diverse voices and stories are heard and represented… both on stage… and throughout the threatre ecosystem. We also discuss the importance of looking at the issues and challenges we face through different lenses… and how the arts can guide us.
My guests are Beatrice Thomas, Interdisciplinary artist… cultural strategist, and equity, diversity, and inclusion consultant with Authentic Arts & Media; Ely Sonny Orquiza, Freelance theatre maker in the Bay Area; and Nicky Martinez, Programs Coordinator for Theatre Bay Area..
This is Part 2 of our interview. You can hear Part 1 at News-in-context-dot-net.
In Part 1 of this interview, we explore the role of arts during crises, as well as how arts and artists are viewed in U.S. mainstream society. We’ve faced many crises and artistic responses in recent months, including the COVID-19 pandemic; the elevation of the Black Lives Matter movement in the wake of the police killings of George Floyd, Breonna Taylor, and others; and uncertainty in the face of tenuous economic and political outlooks.
My guests today are Bay Area artists and theatre makers working to elevate the work of theatre arts and artists outside the mainstream, and to ensure that all voices are heard among the Bay Area theatre arts community.
Beatrice Thomas: Interdisciplinary artist, cultural strategist, and equity, diversity, and inclusion consultant, with Authentic Arts & Media
Ely Sonny Orquiza): Freelance theatre maker in the Bay Area
Brad Erickson: Executive Director of Theatre Bay Area
Nicky Martinez: Programs Coordinator for Theatre Bay Area
In Part 2 of my interview with Dr. Anita Varma, we discuss how word choice and passive voice can infuse bias into coverage, the pros and cons of humanizing, and the importance of expanding our perspectives and seeking to answer the why. Dr. Varma is Assistant Director of Journalism & Media Ethics at the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics… at Santa Clara University. She specializes in humanization and news, as well as applying ethics in the practice of journalism and media industries.
In part one, we explore how news organizations are navigating the many major ongoing stories that currently dominate our news landscape, including COVID-19, the Black Lives Matter Movement, the federal government, the election, and many others.
My guest is Dr. Anita Varma, Assistant Director of Journalism & Media Ethics At the Markkula Center for Applied Ethics at Santa Clara University.
Dr. Varma specializes in humanization and news, as well as applying ethics in the practice of journalism and media industries. We explore how sourcing, framing, resources, and bias influence media coverage, and how journalists might address these challenges.
In this episode we explore how one community is working to have the hard conversations growing out of this moment. As protesters push for reforms to police practices and funding… and seek to reframe and call out the false or sanitized narratives that have underpinned mainstream views of U-S history… many in the U-S struggle to come to terms with what they know and what they’re seeing.
Zina Jacque & Jessica Green co-host a project called Courageous Conversations in a small town in Illinois. Zina is Reverend at Community Church of Barrington… where the conversations take place.
The goal of Courageous Conversations is to have people in the community connect and relate across differences… and tackle challenging community issues.
Photo by: Linda Barrett
This episode features Marnita Schroedl, CEO of Marnita’s Table, and Lauren Williams, Marnita’s Table’s Training Manager & Executive Administrator. Marnita’s Table has been working in the communities in and around Minneapolis, Minnesota, where community members are dealing with the police killing of George Floyd. Marnita's Table also works with communities across the country and around the world to authentically connect people across difference, challenge people to have honest conversations, and achieve equity.
In this episode, we talk with Dana Sitar… Freelance writer & editor in personal finance, careers, and digital media. Dana recently wrote a piece for The Poynter Institute exploring how using the passive voice in journalism can lead to accusations of bias… taking sides… or obscuring responsibility. Our conversation focused on how journalists have historically used language… and how in this moment, we have an opportunity to identify and reckon with our biases… our verbal crutches… and our ingrained habits. Doing this can help journalists and other content creators be more inclusive of… and accountable to everyone in the audiences… and strengthen trust with the community.
In this episode. We explore America’s ongoing and persistent issues when it comes to race and social justice... in particular holding a mirror up to all of us in the U.S. … so we can face our history… and do the work required to push back on the structural racism that marginalizes, restricts, and harms our black and brown neighbors… and also make room for voices outside the mainstream… to have a seat at the table.
My guest is Barry Thomas, Professional Educator, Community Advocate & Activist in Omaha, Nebraska, who is concerned about issues related to race within the country and has dedicated his time to addressing these issues and educating the community.
While this interview was recorded just prior to the police killing of George Floyd and the subsequent protests and unrest… our conversation remains relevant, given the fact that both Floyd’s killing and the killing of Ahmaud Arbery and others stem from the systemic racism that permeates U-S society.
This episode is Part TWO of my interview with Barry Thomas. You can hear part ONE at NewsInContext.net.
In this episode. We explore America’s ongoing and persistent issues when it comes to race and social justice... in particular how race can be weaponized… sometimes with deadly consequences.
Our guest is Barry Thomas, Professional Educator – Community Advocate & Activist in Omaha, Nebraska, who is concerned about issues related to race within the country… and has dedicated his time to addressing these issues.
When Barry and I initially talked, it was a few days after the arrest of the two men accused of killing Ahmaud Arbery, the man who was chased down and killed in Georgia while on a jog.
Since the recording… our nation now faces other incidents of the weaponizing of race… including a white woman dubbed Central Park Becky threatening to tell police that a black man was threatening her… after he asked her to leash her dog in a sensitive area of the park.
The second incident caught on camera this week ended far more tragically. George Floyd lost his life while in police custody, after an officer took him to the ground and held a knee on his neck for several minutes. On mobile phone video… Floyd can be heard saying that he cannot breathe. The officer did not move… and soon Floyd was not moving, either.
Though these incidents happened after our interview… they are relevant to our discussion.
This episode is Part One of my interview with Barry Thomas… as we explore the role of cell phone video, social media, and media coverage of these incidents.
Next week, we’ll delve deeper into the soul of the U.S…. and why these incidents and issues persist.
When we think libraries, many of us think- BOOKS! But, libraries are so much more and often the heart of a community. They also play a critical role during crises, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In this episode, we explore the context of libraries and their role in communities – both everyday… and during a crisis. Joining me is an incredible panel representing various aspects of the San Francisco Public Library. Michelle Jeffers is Chief of Community Programs & Partnership at SFPL. Marie Ciepiela is Executive Director of the Friends of the San Francisco Public Library. And, Jaena Rae Cabrera is Acting Branch Manager and West Portal Branch… and front-line essential worker during the COVID-19 pandemic.
In this episode, we talk with Dr. Nancy Bristow… Chair of the History Department at the University of Puget Sound… and author of American Pandemic: The Lost Worlds of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic.
This episode is Part Two of my interview with Dr. Bristow… our focus? The stories of those affected by the flu pandemic, and how those stories help us understand our history and relate to each other.
In this episode, we talk with Dr. Nancy Bristow… Chair of the History Department at the University of Puget Sound… and author of American Pandemic: The Lost Worlds of the 1918 Influenza Epidemic.
This episode is Part One of my interview with Dr. Bristow… our focus? America’s response to the 1918 flu pandemic… and how it compares to today.
Next week, we’ll delve deeper into the stories of those affected by the flu pandemic… and how those stories help us understand our history… and relate to each other.
Civity co-founders Malka Kopell and Palma Strand discuss the importance of SEEing, and how the COVID-19 pandemic seems to have led to an increase in us SEEing each other and each other's humanity.
Failing to SEE each other can lead to othering, marginalizing, and even violence. We’ve seen examples of that during the pandemic… when some people othered Asian Americans by falsely accusing them of spreading the virus. In some cases, people were physically harmed. But we’ve also seen examples of SEEING – such as appreciating health care workers, grocery store employees, delivery drivers, and other essential workers putting their lives on the line to help us.
Civity is an organization working to engage people across community and societal differences… often differences involving power structures that can leave one group feeling left out or marginalized. Civity is also a concept – a culture of deliberately engaging in relationships of respect and empathy with those who are different.
In this episode, we explore how the news media is doing in covering COVID-19 – including the responses of public officials… the data on infections and deaths… and the deeper work of explaining and giving context to all aspects of this ongoing story. My guests are Anne Belden and Ed Beebout, two professional journalists turned college professors.
Anne runs the award-winning journalism program at Santa Rosa Junior College and is chair of the Department of Communication Studies. Before coming to academe, she worked as editor and managing editor at several Bay Area community newspapers and national parenting publications. Ed spent 25 years in broadcast television as a reporter and anchor, including Santa Rosa TV Station KFTY. He is now chair of the communication & media studies department at Sonoma State University.
In part 2 of my interview with Dr. Boydstun, we explore social media and our own behavior as media audiences and consumers… AND people connected to other people in communities.
In this episode, we talk with Dr. Amber Boydstun, Associate Professor of Political Science at UC Davis, and author of Making the News… about how media influence framing and attention. We explored how framing and attention are at play during the time of COVID-19, as we shelter-in-place, rely more and more on digital spaces for engagement and news, and navigate the ever growing onslaught of information and misinformation delivered to us in our digital spaces.
We talk with Michelle Ciulla Lipkin, Executive Director of the National Association for Media Literacy Education – or NAMLE. Our focus? How media literacy can help us navigate news and information in the time of COVID-19… and the challenges we face when media literacy skills are lacking.
Dr. Chandra Clark, Assistant Professor at the University of Alabama, has expertise in electronic news and analysis of the news ecosystem. We got together to discuss new normals in news: how audiences respond to coverage; how news outlets respond to audiences; and how we all respond to the quickened information flow that comes with social media and instant access. Though this interview was recorded a few weeks before the COVID-19 pandemic took hold of the globe… many of the issues and topics Chandra and I explored resonate with what’s happening today - in particular navigating an onslaught of information; trying to figure out what’s true and whom to trust; and how the way information flows reveals truths about who we are as people.
In Part 2 of my interview with Xyza News for Kids co-founder Sapna Satagopan, we discuss how teachers, parents, and kids can access and process news, and how Xyza can contribute to media literacy. In addition to providing news… Xyza also invites young people to cover the news. Anyone under 18 can become a junior reporter… where you have the opportunity to craft news stories and opinion pieces… engage via polls… and share information about news and events happening near you.
In this episode, I talk with Sapna Satagopan… co-founder of Xyza News for Kids, an outlet that provides reliable, relatable, current, and easy-to-understand news and information for teens and tweens.
In addition to providing news… Xyza also invites young people to cover the news. Anyone under 18 can become a junior reporter… where you have the opportunity to craft news stories and opinion pieces… engage via polls… and share information about news and events happening near you.
Redwood City Library Director Derek Wolfgram and Library Services Supervisor Jenny Barnes talk about the Redwood City Public Library's Human Library, which helps to bridge divides by allowing readers to check out human "books" and have a conversation across difference.
Journalists turned professors Anne Belden of Santa Rosa Junior College and Ed Beebout of Sonoma State University, discuss how media framing of the candidates, issues, and primary process can influence our perceptions of the candidates… and ultimately how or whether we vote.
Gina sits down with John Zipperer, Vice President of Editorial at The Commonwealth Club of California, to discuss the importance of contextualizing news to help better inform the public about the information we all need to know and understand to engage with our communities and society.