Best Case Ever | Emergency Medicine Cases: Recent Episodes
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In this month's EM Quick Hits podcast: Anand Swaminathan on 3-pronged approach to aortic dissection management, Jonathan Wallace on rural practice tips for glue removal and ESP block for renal colic, Sara Gray on everything you need to know about High Flow Nasal Cannula but were afraid to ask, Maria Ivankovic on reducing the duration of antibiotic therapy for uncomplicated common bacterial infections, Tahara Bhate on handover and learner oversight on QI corner and Kerstin De Wit on the ADJUST-UNLIKELY tool for pulmonary embolism...
The post EM Quick Hits 47 HFNC, Dissection Drugs, ADJUST-UNLIKELY for PE, Antibiotic Course Duration, Skin Glue Hacks, ESP Block, Learner Oversight appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In this EM Cases Best Case Ever podcast, Dr. Kari Sampsel, Emergency Physician at Ottawa Hospital and Assistant Professor at University of Ottawa, Medical Director of Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse Care Program guides us through an example of a perimortem C-section - a resuscitative hysterotomy at Janus General. She and Rajiv discuss preparation, indications, the procedure, team dynamics and debriefing for this HALO procedure...
The post BCE 82 Perimortem C-section – The Resuscitative Hysterotomy appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Tension hydrothorax is a massive pleural effusion presenting with hemodynamic abnormalities secondary to mediastinal compression. Dr. Allan Shefrin tells his Best Case Ever of a child who presents in shock and discusses the causes of tension hydrothorax, indications for tube thoracostomy for hydrothorax and integration of POCUS into pediatric resuscitation.
The post BCE 81 Tension Hydrothorax appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In this EM Cases Best Case Ever podcast Rajiv interviews Dr. Eric Russell, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics at the Baylor College of Medicine, Pediatric Emergency Medicine attending physician at the Texas Children's Hospital, and editor at the Human Diagnosis Project. They discuss a challenging case of a pediatric patient who presents with what at first appears to be bronchiolitis...
The post BCE 80 Pediatric Respiratory Failure appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of EM Cases Episode 123 Pediatric UTI Myths and Misconceptions, Dr. Olivia Ostrow, Pediatric Emergency Physician at Hospital for Sick Children, Assistant professor at the University of Toronto and a Medical Safety Leader with an academic focus in quality improvement, discusses a case that exemplifies how indiscriminate work up of pediatric UTI can lead to over-testing, over-treating and even worse outcomes...
The post BCE 79 Pediatric UTI – Choosing Wisely appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of EM Cases Episode 118 Trauma: The First and Last 15 minutes with Andrew Petrosoniak, Kylie Bosman and Chris Hicks we have Joe Nemeth, Trauma Fellowship Director at Montreal General and Associate Professor at both McGill University and University of Toronto discussing his Best Case Ever of a teenager who was "stabbed in the box". Rajiv and Joe discuss preparation for trauma, the role of POCUS in predicting survival in traumatic cardiac arrest, the HOTT mnemonic for reversible causes of trauma arrest and more...
The post BCE 78 Traumatic Cardiac Arrest appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
This Best Case Ever elucidates the practical challenges of working up pregnant patients in the ED with a suspicion of pulmonary embolism. Since this recording, the first ever multi-center prospective outcome study looking at the pulmonary embolism workup in pregnancy was published in the Annals of Internal Medicine. A suggested algorithm and analysis of the study by Lauren Westafer are provided in these show notes....
The post BCE 77 Pulmonary Embolism Workup in Pregnancy appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of EM Cases Episode 116 on Opioid Misuse, Overdose and Withdrawal, Dr. Michelle Klaiman, Addictions and Emergency Medicine specialist, tells her Best Case Ever exemplifying how we can positively impact the lives of ED patients for years to come - even when they present with simple, run-of-the-mill diagnoses - by thinking outside the box and doing brief screening and interventions for patients with opioid use disorder. She discusses alternative pain control options as well as the use of suboxone to treat opioid withdrawal and opioid addiction.Best Case Ever exemplifying how we can positively impact the lives of ED patients for years to come, even when they present with simple, run-of-the-mill diagnoses, by thinking outside the box and doing brief screening and interventions for patients with opioid use disorder.
The post BCE 76 Opioid Withdrawal appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of Episode 115 Management of the Agitated Patient, Dr. Reuben Strayer tells the story of the case that got him interested in developing an expertise around management of the agitated patient that includes an important simple pitfall and pearl about physical restraint. It that could prevent a death in your ED...
The post BCE 75 Reuben Strayer’s Agitated Patient appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of EM Cases Episode 113 Diagnosis an Workup of Pulmonary Embolism with Dr. Kerstin DeWit and Dr. Eddy Lang, we have Dr. Peter Reardon telling us his Best Case Ever (Coding in the Scanner) of a young woman who presents with a seizure followed by hemodynamic instability, who codes while in the CT scanner...
The post BCE 74 Coding in the Scanner appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of EM Cases Episode 112 on Tachydysrhthmias with Amal Mattu and Paul Dorion, Melanie Baimel tells her Best Case Ever of a previously healthy young man who presents in refractory ventricular fibrillation after receiving multiple single shocks, ongoing chest compressions, several rounds of epinephrine, amiodarone and dual sequence defibrillation without ROSC...
The post BCE 73 Esmolol in Refractory Ventricular Fibrillation appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
With increased access to timely advanced diagnostic testing in ED rational resource utilization is becoming ever more important. In his Best Case Ever Dr. Shabhaz Syed argues that a patient at Janus General who presented to the ED with chest pain, died as a result of overinvestigation, and explains how understanding the factors that contribute to overinvestigation, Baysian theory, diagnostic decision analysis, radiation risk, and teaching "dogma" may help prevent overinvestigation in Emergency Medicine...
The post BCE 72 Overinvestigation in Emergency Medicine appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of EM Cases Episode 110 Airway Pitfalls Live from EMU 2018 with Scott Weingart, we have Dr. Shira Brown tell her Best Case Ever of a pediatric trauma patient who required a cricothyrotomy. She explains how, despite working in a non-trauma center with limited resources, her team was well prepared because of the robust simulation program specifically designed for practicing emergency physicians that she had developed in her region. We also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the scalpel-Bougie vs scalpel-finger-Bougie cricothyrotomy techniques and to maintain an optimistic attitude in seemingly futile cases...
The post BCE 71 Cricothyrotomy and the Value of Simulation Training appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Urinary retention is 13 times less common in woman than it is in men, and the differential diagnosis is wide. In this EM Cases Best Case Ever we have the return of Dr. David Carr describing a woman with an unusual diagnosis who presents with urinary retention. We discuss issues around the appropriate use of chaperones and what to do in the situation when you are in over your head...
The post BCE 70 Female Urinary Retention – The Return of Carr’s Cases! appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of EM Cases Episode 109 Recognition and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections with Melanie Baimel and Andrew Morris we have Dr. Morris telling us his Best Case Ever of a nurse that he worked with diagnosed with Necrotizing Fasciitis. We discuss some of the diagnostic pearls for this difficult diagnosis as well as issues around privacy when health care workers become patients at their hospital.
The post BCE 69 Necrotizing Fasciitis appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
This month's EM Cases Best Case Ever podcast features Dr. Catherine Varner, Emergency Physician at Sinai Health System and researcher at Schwartz-Reisman Emergency Medicine Institute (SREMI) discussing the key pitfalls in the diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy and ruptured ectopic pregnancy. It turns out that we're missing the diagnosis more than we'd like to admit. Dr. Varner debunks much of the traditional teaching around ectopic pregnancy so that we can improve our diagnostic skills for this potentially life threatening diagnosis...
The post BCE 68 Ectopic Pregnancy Pitfalls in Diagnosis appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of EM Cases Episode 107 on Pediatric Physical Abuse with Dr. Carmen Coombs and Dr. Alyson Holland, Dr. Coombs tells her Best Case Ever (actually worst case ever) that inspired her to pursue expertise in pediatric physical abuse...
The post BCE 67 Child Abuse – Sentinel Injuries appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
When patients with known congenital heart disease present to the ED with common illnesses we need to consider how their physiology might alter our approach to those common illnesses. Max Ben-Yakov guides us through his Best Case Ever of a CHD patient who presents with bronchiolitis and gives us some tips on how best to approach these fragile patients in a crisis situation...
The post BCE 66 CHD with Bronchiolitis: A Delicate Balance appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
I was taken aback when I came across the statistic that approximately every 6 days a woman in Canada is killed by her intimate partner. Victims of intimate partner violence and domestic violence that we see in the ED typically involve an abuse story of repeated escalating violence over time that ends up in a crisis situation. The woman is often financially dependent on her abuser and has no one to turn to for help. In one of her worst cases ever from Janus General, Dr. Meeta Patel and I discuss the notions that Emergency providers have a unique opportunity to identify patients who are victims of intimate partner violence; that we should begin by thinking of how we can screen every woman of childbearing age about intimate partner violence in a private, safe and respectful way. We describe the quick Partner Violence Screen and finally how to offer supportive, empowering statements and connect your patients with resources like assaulted women’s helpline and shelters in your community...
The post BCE 65 Intimate Partner Violence – A Silent Epidemic appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In this EM Cases Best Case Ever Hans Rosenberg and Rajiv Thavanathan discuss recognition and management pearls and pitfalls in salicylate poisoning. They answer question such as: What are the most important diagnostic clues of salicylate poisoning in the patient who presents with undifferentiated fever and altered level of awareness? What is the best timing and ventilation strategy for intubation? Which electrolyte abnormalities do you need to be on the lookout for? and many more...
The post BCE 64 Salicylate Poisoning appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Dr. Sarah Gray tells us the story of her worst case ever and what she learned from it. About 50% of North American physicians involved in a serious medical error report increased anxiety for future errors, decreased confidence in their job, decreased job satisfaction, insomnia, PTSD, panic disorder – the list goes on. Dr. Gray shares how and why many of us react to medical error - the embarrassment, the shame, the guilt and sense of failure. She then explains the notion of acceptance that we all fail, that perfection is a myth, and how she learned that "failing up" after of the most difficult case of her career is the best choice after making a medical error...
The post BCE 63 Failing Up after Medical Error appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
If you were faced with stab wound to the neck and had to act fast, would you have a well-thought out plan that you are comfortable with? In this EM Cases Best Case Ever podcast we discuss the do's and don'ts of penetrating upper airway injury awake intubation with airway expert George Kovacs....
The post Best Case Ever 62 Penetrating Upper Airway Injury Awake Intubation Do’s & Don’ts appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of EM Cases Main Episode 100 on Disaster Medicine with Laurie Mazurik, David Kollek and Joshua Bezanson, Dr. Mazurik tells of her experience as a disaster medicine leader with keeping health care workers safe during the SARS era. If you were faced with a patient with suspected Ebola or drug resistant TB or any other biohazard patient who required intubation, would you know how to handle the situation so that you and your colleagues were safe...
The post Best Case Ever 61 Biohazard Preparedness: The Protected Code Blue appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In this EM Cases podcast Dr. Joel Lockwood tells his Best Case Ever of a prehospital trauma resuscitation, bringing to light the challenges faced by EMS with the complicated trauma patient. He discusses the importance of checklists, practice and simulation to help streamline the process, offloading some cognitive burden, prepare the team, reduce the change of errors, improve efficiency and etch actions into each team member's muscle memory.
The post Best Case Ever 60 What we can learn from Prehospital Trauma Management appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Sometimes our renal failure patients present short of breath with volume overload and we don't have immediate access to dialysis. What then? Dr. Mike Betzner, EM doc and medical director of STARS air ambulance service and collaborator on EM Cases CritCases blog tells his Best Case Ever and his approach to this challenging clinical situation. He offers two commonly used solutions: nitroglycerin and BiPAP as well as two not so common solutions: phlebotomy and rotating BP cuffs blown to above SBP...
The post Best Case Ever 59 Management of Acute Renal Failure with Volume Overload appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
It's not only run of the mill DKA, starvation and alcoholic ketoacidosis that can cause a metabolic acidosis with elevated ketones. Euglycemic DKA can be caused by the newer diabetes medications sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors like Canagliflozin; and it's important to recognize this tricky diagnosis early and initiate treatment for DKA despite a normal serum glucose level...
The post Best Case Ever 58 Euglycemic DKA appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Airway management requires a lot things; it requires not only technical skills and specific considerations of anatomy and physiology but a co-ordinated team who can communicate clearly and react to a whole slew of potentially challenging situations. On this month's Best Case Ever podcast we use the framework of a new mnemonic PREPARE to discuss human factors, situational awareness and some airway tips and tricks with intensivist Peter Brindley, human factors expert Chris Hicks and EM-intensivist Sara Gray...
The post Best Case Ever 57 PREPARE mnemonic for Airway Management appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In this month's Best Case Ever on EM Cases Dr. Ross Claybo and Dr. Keerat Grewal tell the story of a patient with a complicated anion gap metabolic acidosis. We discuss how to sort through the differential diagnosis with a better mnemonic than MUDPILES, the controversy around administering sodium bicarbonate for metabolic acidosis, the indications for fomepizole and the value of taking time to to build a therapeutic relationship with your ED patients...
The post Best Case Ever 56 Anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of the upcoming EM Cases main episode on Pediatric Polytrauma Dr. Suzanne Beno, Co-director of the Trauma Program at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto, tells her Best Case Ever of a child who suffers a severe traumatic head injury with signs of raised intracranial pressure and cerebral herniation. She discusses the importance of being vigilant when presented with classic patterns of injury, the use of hypertonic saline, crisis resource management and shared decision making with consultants...
The post Best Case Ever 55 Pediatric Cerebral Herniation appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
As EM Cases has grown and expanded over the past 7 years I've had the pleasure of working with a team of talented people. This Best Case Ever was produced by two all-star EM residents from Ottawa, podcaster Dr. Rajiv Vairavanathan and editor Dr. Richard Hoang. In this all-resident Best Case Ever we interview Dr. Chris Belcher from University of Kentucky about TTP - Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, that rare but often elusive clotting disorder that picks off multiple organs and has a near 100% mortality rate without treatment...
The post Best Case Ever 53 – TTP appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of EM Cases Episode 90 on the Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) guidelines with the lead author Dr. Allan DeCaen and Dr. Anthony Crocco, Dr. DeCaen tells his Best Case Ever showing us the value of orchestrated team work and a great example of the saying, "they're not dead until they're warm and dead"...
The post Best Case Ever 52 – Pediatric Hypothermia Cardiac Arrest appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of Episode 88 and 89: DOACs Use, Misuse and Reversal with the president of Thrombosis Canada and world renowned thrombosis researcher Dr. Jim Douketis, internist and thrombosis expert Dr. Benjamin Bell and 'The Walking Encyclopedia of EM' Dr. Walter Himmel, we have Dr. Himmel telling us the story of his Best Case Ever on anticoagulants and GI bleed. He discusses the most important contraindication to DOACs, the importance of not only attempting to reverse the effects of anticoagulants in a bleeding patient but managing the bleed itself as well as more great pearls. In the upcoming episodes we'll run through 6 cases and cover the clinical use of DOACs, how they work, safety, indications, contraindications, management of minor, moderate and severe bleeding, the new DOAC reversal agents, management of DVT with DOAC anticoagulants, stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation with DOACs and much more...
The post Best Case Ever 51 – Anticoagulants and GI Bleed with Walter Himmel appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of EM Cases Episode 87 on Alcohol Withdrawal Dr. Sara Gray describes her Best Case Ever of severe alcohol withdrawal and Delirium Tremens from Janus General.
Also on this podcast Dr. Anand Swaminathan reacts to Episode 86 Emergency Management of Hyperkalemia and discusses the use of calcium in the setting of digoxin toxicity.
Early recognition and treatment of Delirium Tremens - a rapid onset of severe alcohol withdrawal accompanied by delirium and autonomic instability about 3-10 days after the appearance of withdrawal symptoms - is key to preventing long term morbidity and mortality...
The post Best Case Ever 50 – Delirium Tremens appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Melanie Baimel's Best Case Ever on Post-Arrest Hyperkalemia on EM Cases.
Post arrest patients can sometimes be challenging. We need to think of a variety of underlying causes of the arrest, antiarrhythmics, possible cath lab activation, targeted temperature management, sedation and more. To add to this, many post arrest patients do not have ideal vital signs that require attention. In this Best Case Ever, in anticipation of our upcoming episode on A Rational Approach to Hyperkalemia Dr. Melanie Baimel describes a post arrest patient who remains bradycardic and hypotensive despite multiple pressors....
The post Best Case Ever 49 – Post-Arrest Hyperkalemia appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of EM Cases' upcoming episode, Congenital Heart Disease Emergencies we have Dr. Gary Joubert a double certified Pediatric EM and Pediatric Cardiology expert telling his Best Case Ever of a four month old infant who presents with intermittent cyanosis. The Cyanotic Infant can present a significant challenge to the EM provider as the differential is wide, ranging from benign causes such as GERD to life threatening heart disease that may present atypically in a well-appearing child. Dr. Joubert gives us some simple sweet clinical pearls to help us along the way...
The post Best Case Ever 47 – Cyanotic Infant appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
EM Cases Best Case Ever - Chris Nickson on Hickam's Dictum.
Usually we use the heuristic of Occam's razor to help us arrive at one diagnosis that makes sense of all the data points that a particular patient presents to us. However sometimes it's not so straight forward and we need to think about multiple diagnoses that explain a patient's condition - Hickam's Dictum. Dr. Chris Nickson, the brains behind the Life in the Fast Lane blog tells his Best Case Ever from the SMACC Conference in Dublin, in which a patient thrombolysed for massive pulmonary embolism suffers a cardiac arrest, and the thought process he went through to discover the surprising complicating diagnoses that ensue...
The post Best Case Ever 46 – Chris Nickson on Hickam’s Dictum appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
I had the great pleasure of meeting Dr. Mike Winters on his first ever visit to Canada at North York General's Emergency Medicine Update Conference, where he gave two fantastic presentations. His credentials are impressive: He is the Medical Director of the Emergency Department, Associate Professor in both EM and IM, EM-IM-Critical Care Program co-director and Residency Program Director of EM-IM at the University of Maryland in Baltimore.
Sometimes we are so caught up with the job we need to get done during cardiac arrest that we forget about the important and profound effect that this event has on patients' families. On this Best Case Ever Dr. Winters tells the story of witnessing his grandfather's cardiac arrest, being present in the ED during the resuscitation attempts, and how that experience has coloured his practice. We discuss some pearls on communication with patients' families after death, colour-coded cardiac arrest teams and how to integrate POCUS into cardiac arrest care while minimizing chest compressions.
The post Best Case Ever 45 – Mike Winters on Cardiac Arrest appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Dr. Salim Rezaie of R.E.B.E.L. EM tells his Best Case Ever of a Low Risk Pulmonary Embolism that begs us to consider a work-up and management plan that we might not otherwise consider. With new guidelines suggesting that subsegmental pulmonary embolism need not be treated with anticoagulants, exceptions to Well's Score and PERC rule to help guide work-ups, the adaptation of outpatient management of pulmonary embolism, and the option of NOACs for treatment, the management of pulmonary embolism in 2016 has evolved considerably. In which situations would you treat subsegmental pulmonary embolism? How comfortable are you sending patients home with pulmonary embolism? How does the patient's values play into these decisions? Listen to Dr. Rezaie provide an insightlful perspective on these important issues and much more...
The post Best Case Ever 44 Low Risk Pulmonary Embolism appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
I caught up with Dr. Anand Swaminathan, otherwise known as EM Swami, at The Teaching Course in NYC where he told his Best Case Ever from Janus General of his heroic and collaborative attempts at saving the life of a gentleman who presented to the ED with a classic story for a ruptured AAA. As William Olser famously said, "There is no disease more conducive to clinical humility than aneurysm of the aorta."
The post Best Case Ever 43 Ruptured AAA appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
When was the last time you saw ventricular fibrillation in a 4 month old? Dr. Simard tells his Best Case Ever of a Pediatric Cardiac Arrest in which meticulous preparation, sticking to his guns, early activation of the transportation service, and clever use of point of care ultrasound helped save the life of a child. He explains the importance of debriefing your team after an emotionally charged case.
The post Best Case Ever 42 Pediatric Cardiac Arrest appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Opiate misuse is everywhere.
Approximately 15-20% of ED patients in the US are prescribed outpatient opiates upon discharge. In Ontario, about 10 people die accidentally from prescription opiates every week. Between 1990 and 2010, drug overdose deaths in the US increased by almost four fold, eclipsing the rate of death from motor vehicle collisions in 2009. This was driven by deaths related to prescription opiates, which now kill more people than heroin and cocaine combined. Opiates are the most prescribed class of medication in the US. In 2010, one out of every eight deaths among persons aged 25 to 34 years was opiate-related. Four out of 5 new heroin users report that their initial drug was a prescription opiate. In Ontario, three times the people died from opiate overdose than from HIV in 2011.
Yet, we are expected to treat pain aggressively in the ED.
Dr. Reuben Strayer, the brains behind the fantastic blog EM Updates tells his Best Case Ever, in which he realizes the importance of physician compassion in approaching the challenging drug seekers and malingerers that we manage in the ED on a regular basis.
This Best Case Ever is in anticipation of an upcoming main episode in which Dr. Strayer and toxicologist Dr. David Juurlink discuss how to strike a balance between managing pain effectively and providing the seed for perpetuating a drug addiction or feeding a pre-existing drug addiction, and how we best take care of our patients who we suspect might have a drug misuse problem.
The post Best Case Ever 41 Opiate Misuse and Physician Compassion appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
I caught up with airway educator, innovator and self-described enthusiast Dr. Richard Levitan at SMACC in Chicago this past June. In this Best Case Ever on Airway Strategy and Mental Preparedness in EM Procedures, Dr. Levitan uses a great save of his in a penetrating trauma case as a basis for discussion on mental preparedness and how we've been thinking about our general approach to emergency procedures the wrong way. Rather than fixating on the final goal of a procedure, which can often be daunting and lead us astray, he suggests a methodical incrementalized and compartmentalized approach to EM procedures that reduces stress and fear, improves confidence and enhances success. He runs through several examples including intubation, cricothyrotomy and initial approach to hypoxia to explain his Simple Incremental Approach to EM Procedures. Could this be a paradigm shift in the way we think about procedures in EM?....
The post Best Case Ever 39 – Airway Strategy & Mental Preparedness in EM Procedures with Richard Levitan appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Sickle Cell Acute Chest Syndrome remains the leading cause of death in patients suffering from Sickle Cell Disease. In his Best Case Ever, Dr. Richard Ward, a hematologist with a special interest in Sickle Cell Disease, describes a case of a Sickle Cell Disease patient who presents with what appears to be a simple pain crisis, but turns out to be a devastating Acute Chest Syndrome. He gives us the key clinical pearls and pitfalls to make this often elusive diagnosis early so that life-saving treatment can be initiated in a timely manner. This is in anticipation of the upcoming episode on The Emergency Management of Sickle Cell Pain Crisis with Dr. Ward and Dr. John Foote.
The post Best Case Ever 38 Sickle Cell Acute Chest Syndrome appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
On this EM Cases Best Case Ever Dr. Anthony Crocco, the Head and the Division Head of Pediatric EM at McMaster University and Medical Director of Pediatric Emergency Medicine at Hamilton Health Sciences Hosptial, discusses an approach to the neonatal lazy feeder and why we should abandon the use of codeine in pediatrics as well as in breastfeeding mothers. The approach to the neonatal lazy feeder should be considered as an approach to altered level of awareness with a wide differential diagnosis, and there is one question that should always be asked of the neontal lazy feeder....
The post Best Case Ever 37 Neonatal Lazy Feeder appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In this Best Case Ever with Dr. Scott Weingart, the brains behind EMcrit.org, we hear the devastating story of a tracheostomy gone bad. Dr. Weingart shares with us what he has learned about how to manage massive hemoptysis in tracheostomy patients, and in particlar, a step-wise approach to managing a tracheo-innominate fistula. We discuss the balance between providing maximal aggrressive critical care while maintaining a deep respect for the risks associated with the procedures we perform. Recorded at North York General's EM Update Conference 2015.
The post Best Case Ever 36 Tracheo-innominate Fistula appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of our series of podcasts on Diagnostic Decision Making with Dr. Walter Himmel, Dr. Chris Hicks and Dr. David Dushenski we have Dr. Hicks presenting his Best Case Ever. Taking action in Emergency Medicine requires not only careful consideration of the best evidence, the experience of the clinician, the patient's values and the system that you work in, but also the will to act. Dr. Hicks describes a case of a patient who suffers a cardiac arrest, where the diagnosis is quite obvious to everyone in the room (and the required action is as well), yet a delay in treatment occurs nonetheless.
The post Best Case Ever 35: Taking Action in Emergency Medicine appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In a previous Best Case Ever, 'Thinking Outside the Abdominal Box', Dr. Brian Steinhart reviewed some important can't-miss-diagnoses that can present elusively with abdominal pain. In this Carr's Cases Series on Inferior MI Presenting with Abdominal Pain, we continue in the theme of 'Thinking Outside the Abdominal Box' with David Carr explaining how he figured out that a man presenting with classic biliary colic was diagnosed with an inferior MI with right ventricular extension.
The post Best Case Ever 34: Inferior MI Presenting with Abdominal Pain appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Rapid over-correction of Hyponatremia can have devastating consequences: for one, osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) can result in destruction of the pons and a locked-in state. We don't see ODS very much as it's onset is delayed and usually sets in after the patient is admitted to hospital (or worse, sent home). Nonetheless, we need to know how to manage Hyponatremia in the ED so that we prevent ODS from ever happening. In this Best Case Ever, Dr. Melanie Baimel describes the case of a young woman who came in to the ED after drinking alcohol and taking Ecstasy, wanted to leave AMA after her Hyponatremia had inadvertently been corrected too rapidly, and the conundrum that ensues.
In the upcoming episode, Dr. Baimel and the first ever Internal Medicine specialist on EM Cases, Dr. Ed Etchels, discuss a rational step-wise approach to managing Hyponatremia, tailored for the EM practitioner; when you might consider giving DDAVP in the ED, the best way to correct Hyponatremia, how to manage the patient who's Hyponatremia has been corrected too quickly, and an easy approach to the differential diagnosis. Get a sneak peak at the algorithm that will be explained and reviewed in the upcoming episode......
The post Best Case Ever 33: Over-correction of Hyponatremia appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
David Carr discusses his top 10 pearls on endocarditis and blood culture interpretation in this Carr's Cases Best Case Ever on EM Cases - Endocarditis and Blood Culture Interpretation.
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The post Best Case Ever 32 Carr’s Cases – Endocarditis and Blood Culture Interpretation appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
On this EM Cases Best Case Ever, Andrew Sloas, the brains behinds the fabulous PEM-ED podcast tells the tale of a pericardiocentesis gone bad and what he learned from it. Emergency pericardicentesis can be life saving, but it also carries risks. Dr. Sloas reviews the steps to take to ensure that the pericardiocentesis needle is the the correct place to minimize the risk of intubating the right ventricle of the heart. A discussion of errors of omission and ones of commission follows....
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The post Best Case Ever 31: Emergency Pericardiocentesis appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Dr. David Carr presents his third of EM Cases' Carr's Cases. This series features potentially debilitating diagnoses that may be thought of as 'zebras', but actually have a higher incidence then we might think - and if diagnosed early, can significantly effect patient outcomes. Dr. Carr tells the story of young woman with an MRSA supra pateller abscess who was put on trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole and presents looking very ill with a severe headache.
Not only has trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole been implicated in aseptic meningitis, but NSAIDS, immunomodulators and antibiotics have also been implicated. The reason this is so important for ED practitioners to know, is that case reports of drug-induced aseptic meningitis have shown that symptoms will resolve completely within 24 hours, once the offending drug has been stopped. Not only that, but if the patient receives the drug again in the future, they are at risk for a more severe case of drug induced aseptic meningitis.
The post Best Case Ever 29: Drug Induced Aseptic Meningitis appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Dr. David Carr presents his second of Carr's Cases. This series features some potentially life-threatening diagnoses that may be perceived as zebras, but actually have a higher incidence then we might think - and if diagnosed early, can significantly effect patient outcomes. This Best Case Ever is about Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis, a diagnosis that was only discovered in 2005, and has only recently been recognized by the Emergency Medicine community. Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis may mimic a first presentation of schizophrenia or Neuraleptic Malignant Syndrome. It may present with seizure, altered mental status, autonomic instability or movement disorder in the absence of drug exposure. When you are faced with any of these presentations and no other diagnosis seems to fit, do an LP and send the CSF for anti-NMDA receptor antibodies. The time-sensitive treatment is IVIG and steroids. Anti-NMDA receptor Encephalitis is a must know diagnosis for all emergency medicine practitioners. Learn how to pick up this important diagnosis by listening to Dr. Carr's Best Case Ever and following the links to further resources.
The post Best Case Ever 28: Anti-NMDA Receptor Encephalitis appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Ottawa this year, I had the pleasure of discussing pediatric shock and sepsis with Dr. Sarah Reid, a good medical school friend of mine from the Gretzky Year ('99) graduating class. I knew back then that she was heading for PEM educator stardom. Lo and behold, she is the now the director of CME at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario and a national PEM speaker extraordinaire. After recording an eye-opening session on Pediatric Fever Without a Source and Pediatric Sepsis, she told me the story of her Best Case Ever where the initial presumptive diagnosis was sepsis.
Maximize your learning and submit your questions on 'Pediatric Fever Without a Source' on the Next Time on EM Cases page.
The post Best Case Ever 27: Pediatric Shock appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
I met up with Mike Betzner at North York General's Update in EM Conference in Toronto. He is the medical director of Air Transport STARS air ambulance out of Calgary and an amazing speaker on the national lecturing circuit. His Best Case Ever on Chloral Hydrate poisoning & cardiac arrest describes a young man in cardiac arrest with resistant Ventricular Fibrillation and Torsades de Pointes. There is only one class of drugs that can get him back into normal sinus rhythm. Dr. Betzner describes how he recognized that this patient was suffering from Chloral Hydrate poisoning and how he saved his life with one simple intervention.
The post Best Case Ever 26: Chloral Hydrate Poisoning and Cardiac Arrest appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In anticipation of the Highlights from North York General's Emergency Medicine Update Conference 2014 we have the master educator himself, Dr. Amal Mattu's Best Case ever of a patient who presented with a COPD exacerbation, that we recorded at the conference in Toronto just a couple of weeks ago. Dr. Mattu gives you a string of pearls and pitfalls when it comes to management of COPD, bagging & vent settings that you will never forget. In the upcoming episode Dr. Mattu will review his favorite papers from the cardiology literature of the past year and Dr. Stuart Swadron will give you his approach to the challenges of the patient with vertigo. This will the first of two parts of the highlights from the conference - the largest and best EM conference in Canada.
The post Best Case Ever 24: COPD, Baggging and Vent Settings appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In the first of our series on Best Case Ever of 'Carr's Cases' we have, the legend himself, Dr. David Carr. This series will run on the theme of interesting diagnoses that we don't think of too often, but that are not as rare as we might think and can make a significant difference to your patient's outcome if you pick up on them early - and maybe even make you look as smart as David! Dr. Carr will be highlighted in our upcoming episode on Whistler's Update in EM Conference highlights 2014 when he will be speaking about his approach to the shocky patient as well as the controversial management of submassive pulmonary embolism. He will be featured along with Dr. Lisa Thurgur speaking about lipid emulsion therapy and other toxicologic goodies and Joel Yaphe will give us his take on the best of the EM literature from 2013 including the TTM trial, tranexamic acid for epistaxis, return to sport after concussion guidelines and more. Please go to the 'Next Time on EM Cases' page to submit your question about these topics.
The post Best Case Ever 22: Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus (NCSE) appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
As a bonus to Episode 42 on Mesenteric Ischemia & Pancreatitis, Dr. Brian Steinhart presents his Best Case Ever of Abodominal Pain – Thinking Outside the Box. While about 10% of abdominal pain presentations to the ED are surgical, there are a variety of abdominal pain presentations that have diagnoses outside the abdomen – so one needs to be thinking outside the box. In the related episode, Dr. Steinhart, (one of my biggest mentors – the doc that everyone turns to when no one can figure out what’s going on with a patient in the ED), & Dr. Dave Dushenski, (a master of quality assurance and data analysis, who would give David Newman a run for his money), discuss the 4 diagnoses that make up the deadly & difficult diagnosis of Mesenteric Ischemia, it’s key historical and physical exam features, the value of serum lactate, D-dimer & blood gas, when CT can be misleading, ED management of Mesenteric Ischemia, the difficult post-ERCP abdominal pain patient, the pitfalls in management of Pancreatitis, the BISAP score for Pancreatitis compared to the APACHE ll & Ranson Score, the comparative value of amylase and lipase, ultrasound vs CT for pancreatitis and much more…
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BEST CASE EVER 20: CPR in Trauma?!?! Closed Chest Compressions in Traumatic Arrest?!?! Is CPR ever successful in the trauma patient? Dr. Dave MacKinnon, Trauma Team Leader at St. Michael's Hospital in Toronto, gives you his Best Case Ever in the cardiac arrest trauma patient.
The literature is full of case series of zero survival in trauma patients requiring CPR. For example, this report in CJEM. Normally, we should not be thinking of CPR in traumatic arrests, but instead, ED thoracotomy as Scott Weingart of emcrit describes in his podast 36 - Traumatic Arrest. But just wait until you here Dave's Best Case Ever..........
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Dr. Katerina Pavenski, on Anticoagulant Reversal in Trauma. A leader in Transfusion Medicine from St. Michael's Hospital, Dr. Pavenski tells us about her Best Case Ever in which a straight forward trauma case turns into a 'bloody disaster', after Prothrombin Complex Concentrates (PCCs) were given in an anticoagulant reversal attempt.
In the related two-part epic episode on Antiocagulants, Transfusions & Bleeding, Drs. Pavenski, Dr. Jeannie Callum (Head of Transfusion Medicine at Sunnybrook Hospital & Dr. Walter Himmel (also known as 'The walking encyclopedia of EM') cover: Indications for red cell transfusion in different clinical scenarios (GI bleed, cardiac disease, vaginal bleeding etc), Risks of transfusion including Host vs Graft Disease, TRALI & TACO, Indications for Platelet transfusion in different scenarios (hyporoliferative patients vs ITP, invasive procedures with thrombocytopenia), Managing INRs - indications for Vit K, PCC, adjusting Warfarin Dose, liver patients, Apixaban vs Rivaroxiban vs Dabigatran vs Warfarin and reversal of them, Anti-platelet medication-associated intracranial hemorrhage management, Indications for Tranexamic Acid, and much more........
The post Best Case Ever 18: Anticoagulant Reversal in Trauma appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
As a bonus to Episode 34 on Geriatric Emergency Medicine, Dr. Don Melady, one of Canada's leading educators in Geriatric EM, tells us about his Best Case Ever in which a simple fall turns out to be a multi-facited complicated case with a simple solution.
In the related Episode 34 on Geriatric Emergency Medicine Dr. Melady and Dr. Jacques Lee cover an approach to geriatric Delirium, managing agitation, indications for CT head in the delirious older person, management of recurrent falls, pearls in the assessment of the 'Weak & Dizzy' geriatric patient, key drug interactions, pain management, atypical ACS and pearls in Geriatric abdominal pain presentations.
The post Best Case Ever 17: Geriatric Emergency Medicine appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
As bonus to Episode 33 on oncologic emergencies, Dr. John Foote, the CCFP(EM) residency program director at the University of Toronto tells us about his Best Case Ever in which he missed an important cancer-related diagnosis.
In the related episode with Dr. Foote and Dr. Joel Yaphe, we will review 5 common presentations in the patient with cancer: fever, shortness of breath, altered mental status, back pain and acute renal failure; with specific attention to key cancer-related emergencies such as febrile neutropenia, hypercalcemia, superior vena cava syndrome, hyperviscosity syndrome and tumor lysis syndrome.
The post Best Case Ever 16: Oncologic Emergencies appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Dr. Laura Tate, plastic surgeon extraordinaire, presents her best hand emergency case.
In the upcoming episode, she and Dr. Andrew Arcand will discuss key pearls and pitfalls in the recognition and management of flexor tenosynovitis, high pressure injection injuries, fight bites, hook of the hammate fractures, gamekeeper's thumb and many more potentially devastating hand emergencies.
The post Best Case Ever 14: High Pressure Injection Injury appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Dr. David Carr, the past author of Tintinalli's chapter on occlusive arterial disease, tells us his Best Case Ever related to Aortic Dissection.
In the related Episode 28: Aortic Dissection, Acute Limb Ischemia & Compartment Syndrome, we discuss the breadth of presentations and key diagnostic clues of Aortic Dissection. We review the value of ECG, CXR, biomarkers and the use of Transesophageal Echo and CTA in this sometime elusive diagnosis. We debate lots of clinical pearls and pitfalls when it comes to acute limb ischemia, and end with a discussion on the trials and tribulations of Compartment Syndrome.
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The post Best Case Ever 13: Aortic Dissection appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
As a bonus to Episode 27 on Drugs of Abuse -Stimulants & Opiates, Dr. Margaret Thompson, one of Canada's leading Toxicologists and the medical director of the Ontario Poison Control Centre tells us 2 of her Best Cases Ever about stimulant overdose surprises. In the related Episode, Dr. Margaret Thompson & Dr. Lisa Thurgur Canada's toxicologist gurus discuss several cases of stimulant drugs of abuse such as cocaine, MDMA & bath salts, as well as the pearls and pitfalls of managing opiates toxicity. We discuss: The management of the intoxicated patient including seizures, dysrhythmias, cardiac ischemia and hypertensive emergencies related to cocaine toxicity, the recognition and management of necrotizing vasculitis caused by cocaine cut with Levamisole, the differential diagnosis and management of the "hot and crazy" patient, including the role of dantrolene and cyproheptidine, pearls and pitfalls of naloxone, the utility of urine drug screens and much more....
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The post Best Case Ever 12: Drugs of Abuse appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
As a bonus to Episode 26 on Low Back Pain Emergencies with Dr. Brian Steinhart & Dr. Walter Himmel, we have Dr. Walter Himmel's own personal incredible case of Cauda Equina Syndrome.
In the related Episode we will cover the most serious spinal and vascular causes that present with low back pain including Cauda Equina Syndrome, Spinal Epidural Abscess, Spinal Epidural Hematoma, Metastases to the spine, Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Retroperitoneal Hematoma.
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The post Best Case Ever 11: Cauda Equina Syndrome appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Pediatric Syncope usually has a benign cause, but may be a warning for sudden death. As a bonus to Episode 25 on ‘Pediatric & Adult Syncope’ with Dr. Eric Letovsky and Dr. Anna Jarvis, 'Canada's mother of Pediatric Emergency Medicine', we have Dr. Jarvis’s Best Case Ever. In the related episode we will cover how to differentiate syncope from seizure, key historical and physical exam clues to determine a cause of syncope, ECG pearls of syncope causing cardiac conditions, from Congenital Prolonged QT Syndrome to Arrhythmogenic Right Ventricular Cardiomyopathy, the value of syncope decision rules such as the ROSE rule and the San Francisco Syncope Rule, the value of ancillary testing, including Holter monitoring, Echocardiograms and Stress Testing and much more......
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The post Best Case Ever 10: Pediatric Syncope appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
As a bonus to Episode 23 on 'Vaginal Bleeding in Early Pregnancy' with Dr. Ross Claybo and Dr. David Dushenski, we have here, Dr. Claybo's Best Case Ever. While vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy is rarely life threatening, there are a significant percentage of woman who will require emergency resuscitation and surgical intervention. We don't have mountains of RCTs on this topic; still Dr. David Dushenski & Dr. Ross Claybo run through the key clinical pearls of the history, the physical, interpretation of the BhCG and the value of serum progesterone in working up these patients. The newest on point of care ultrasound is discussed in the patient with vaginal bleeding in early pregnancy. The various types of spontaneous abortion including septic abortion are reviewed as well as the management of the unstable patient with massive vaginal hemorrhage. Ectopic pregnancy, in all it’s various presentations is reviewed with particular attention to the most common pitfalls and how to avoid them.
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The post Best Case Ever 9 Vaginal Bleeding in Early Pregnancy appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Acute Dyspnea has a wide differential diagnosis from Metabolic Acidosis to Medically Unexplained Dyspnea. As a bonus to Episode 21 on Pulmonary Embolism and Acute Dyspnea, Dr. John Foote the CCFP(EM) residency program director at the University of Toronto presents his Best Case Ever related to an Acute Dyspnea presentation. In the related episode on Pulmonary Embolism we havet, with Dr. Foote, the triumphant return of Dr. Anil Chopra, the Head of the Divisions of Emergency Medicine at University of Toronto . We kick it off with Dr. Foote’s approach to undifferentiated acute dyspnea and explanation of Medically Unexplained Dyspea (‘MUD’) and go on to discuss how best to develop a clinical pretest probability for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism using risk factors, the value of the PERC rule, Well’s criteria and how clinical gestalt plays into pretest probability. Dr. Chopra tells about the appropriate use of D-dimer to improve our diagnostic accuracy without leading to over-investigation and unwarranted anticoagulation. We then discuss the value of V/Q scan in the workup of PE, and the pitfalls of CT angiography. A discussion of anticoagulation choices follows and the controversies around thrombolysis for submassive PE closes the podcast.
The post Best Case Ever 8: Acute Dyspnea appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
As a bonus to Episode 20 on Atrial Fibrillation, we present here, Dr. Clare Atzema, a leading EM researcher in Atrial Fibrillation, telling her Best Case Ever related to Afib. What would you do if you needed to cardiovert a patient who was too obese to fit on an ED stretcher? Dr. Atzema, along with Dr. Nazanin Meshkat and Dr. Bryan Au, discuss the presentation, etiology, precipitants, management and disposition of Atrial Fibrillation in the Emergency Department. The pros and cons of rate vs rhythm control are debated, what you need to know about Afib medications, and the value of the Ottawa Aggressive Protocol discussed. The importance of appropriate anticoagulation is detailed, with a review of the CHADS-VASc score and whether to use anticogulants or ASA for stroke prevention for patients with Afib. We end off with a discussion on how to recognize and treat Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome in the setting of Atrial Fibrillation.
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The post Best Case Ever 7: Atrial Fibrillation appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
Septic Arthritis is often at the top of our differential for acute monoarthritis. Dr. Joel Yaphe tells his Best Case Ever of a patient with septic arthritis as a bonus to Episode 16: Acute Monoarthritis.
In the related episode Dr. Yaphe and Dr. Indy Ghosh discuss such questions as: What are the most important risk factors for septic arthritis? What are the most predictive signs and symptoms of septic arthritis? How does serum WBC, ESR and CRP contribute to the probability of septic arthritis? Should we still be performing arthrocenteses on patient's with overlying cellulitis? with an INR of 6? How can you tell the difference between septic bursitis and septic arthritis and how are they managed differently? What does the literature tell us about how useful the synovial fluid tests are in ruling in or ruling out septic arthritis? What is the role of bedside ultrasound in septic arthritis? Is there a role for steroid therapy in septic arthritis? When would you consider oral NSAIDs vs oral prednisone vs intra-articular methylprednisolone for the treatment of Gout? Is there a role for colchicine in the ED treatment of Gout? What is acute calcific arthritis of hydroxyapatite disease and why is it important for ED docs to know about? What is the most common cause of dermatitis-arthritis? How can one distinguish Reactive Arthritis from Septic Arthritis clinically, and how do their work-ups differ? Is there a role for antibiotics in Reactive Arthritis? How does gonococcal arthritis present compared with nongonococcal septic arthritis? and many more.....
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In anticipation of Episode 15, 'Acute Coronary Syndromes' with Dr. Eric Letovsky, Dr. Mark Mensour and Dr. Neil Fam, we present here, Dr. Helman's 'Best Case Ever' of an ACS patient. In Episode 15: 'Acute Coronary Syndromes', Drs. Fam, Mensour , Letovsky and Helman discuss questions like: How does a recent negative stress test or angiogram effect the pre-test probability of ACS in the ED? What does recent evidence tell us about the assumption that patients presenting with chest pain and a presumed new LBBB will rule in for MI and require reperfusion therapy?
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The post Best Case Ever 4 Acute Coronary Syndrome From Venous Source appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In association with Episode 14, 'Headache Pearls & Pitfalls' with Dr. Anil Chopra and Dr. Stella Yiu, we present here, the third of our new 5 minute 'Best Case Ever' series. In Episode 14: Headache Pearls & Pitfalls, which has just been released, Dr. Chopra and Dr. Yiu answer questions like: With the ever improving resolution of CT, should we still be doing LP after negative plain CT head for all our thunderclap headache patients? How can we best minimize the chance of post-LP headache? What evidenced-based treatments can we initiate in the ED for our SAH patients that will improve outcomes?
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The post Best Case Ever 3: Emergency Headache – Importance of Opening Pressure appeared first on Emergency Medicine Cases.
In relation to Episode 13 on The Found Down Patient with Dr. Brian Steinhart and Dr. David Carr, we present here, the second of our new 5 minute 'Best Case Ever' series.
Dr. Steinhart's found down patient
In Episode 13 The Found Down Patient, Dr. Helman presents 4 challenging cases of patients who present with altered mental status to Dr. Carr and Dr. Steinhart, who give us loads of key pearls and intriguing controversy in the evaluation and treatment of these difficult patients.
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