View Details
In this episoide, Dr. Dan talk about how modern science backs up old health adages like:
- "A apple a day keeps the doctor away"
- "Grain is the staff of life"
- "An ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure"
- "Eat to live, not live to eat"
- And others...
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan discusses the known science around the hot plant based meat industry.
Episode References:
- Flexitarian diet info: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30042947
- Potential health concerns regarding conventional meat: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2749260
- Plant based meats might be more part friendly than conventional meat: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-46590-1.pdf
- Plant based meat products are higher in salt and carbohydrates/sugars than real meat: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31671655
- No evidence that plant based meat products are healthier for you: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31161217
- Plant and animal based protein products have the same satiety when corrected for fiber: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29337861
- Widespread Consumer acceptance of plant based meat products still has a ways to go: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29501683
View Details
Episode Summary:
Natural products from the sea and their ability to promote human health is the topic Dr. Dan tackles in this episode.
Episode References:
- Review on astaxanthin health benefits: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3917265/
- Astaxanthin and skin health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5946307/
- Neuroprotective properties of astaxanthin: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5352583/
- Astaxanthin and anti-aging: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/327916261_Antioxidant_effects_of_astaxanthin_in_various_diseases-a_review
- Heart health and astaxanthin: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3083660/
- Astaxanthin and sport performance: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5778137/
- Anti-diabetic properties of astaxanthin: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12688512/
- Astaxanthin and eye health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15570017
- Bioactive properties of fucoidan from brown seaweed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6471298/
- Review article on phlorotannins from seaweed: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/agricultural-and-biological-sciences/phlorotannin
- Review of pharmaceutical products from the oceans: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3783878/
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan discusses the science behind Shilajit—a new health ingredient on the market.
Episode References:
- Shilajit found in Antartica: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18996940
- Mythical origins of shilajit: https://krishnamurti.abundanthope.org/index_htm_files/The-Bhagavata-Purana.pdf
- Origin of shilajit is still unknown: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22557605
- Beauty from within properties of shilajit: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31161927
- Shilajit promotes muscle retention and reduces fatigue: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30728074
- Shilajit regulates gene expression: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27414521
- Altitude sickness is attenuated by shilajit: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20532096
- Increase in sperm counts n men using shilajit: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29947420
- Shilajit increases testosterone levels: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26395129
- Male fertility properties of shilajit: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20078516
- Shilajit and cognitive health and suppression of neurodegeneration: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22482077
- Reduction of triglycerides and total cholesterol using Shilajit: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22557121
View Details
Episode Summary:
Listen as Dr. Dan discusses both sides of the vaccination debates and breaks down the accurate science.
Episode References:
- Thiomersal is not responsible for autism: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17168158
- Legal battles of thiomersal and autism: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17898095
- Original lancet paper on MMR vaccine and autism that fueled the debate: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(97)11096-0/fulltext
- Erratum to the paper published in 2004: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(04)15715-2/fulltext
- This paper was completely retracted in 2010: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(10)60175-4/fulltext
- Landmark study in 1999 and autism: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10376617?dopt=Abstract
- NEJM paper on 537,303 people in Denmark and autism: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/nejmoa021134
- Australian study on 1 million children found no correlation between the MMR vaccine and autism: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X14006367#
- Study in Denmark on 5 million children found no correlation between MMR vaccine and autism: https://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/2727726/measles-mumps-rubella-vaccination-autism-nationwide-cohort-study?mod=article_inline
- Influenza vaccine is safe during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/article-abstract/2587559
- No evidence between the vaccine overload hypothesis and autism: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16581162
- Aluminum in vaccines, at allowed levels, was found to be safe: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16581162
- Formaldehyde, at levels present in vaccines, is not harmful to human health: https://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/safety-availability-biologics/common-ingredients-us-licensed-vaccines
- 28% of European adults express doubts about effectiveness of vaccinating their children: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29483029
- NEJM medicine paper showing that siblings of an autistic child are less likely to be vaccinated: https://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMc1708223
- Religion and vaccines: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11725304
- Should vaccinations be compulsory? https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16458770
- Russia-based twitter bots and trolls helped amplify the vaccination debate between 2014-2017: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30138075
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan discusses natural products that can help with PMS, PMDD, UTIs, morning sickness, breastfeeding, and menopause.
Natural Ingredients to Help with PMS:
- Chaste-tree
- Zinc
- Calcium
- Vitamin D3
- Phosphatidyl serine and phosphatidic acid
- Justica pectoralis (water willow)
Natural Ingredients to Help with PMDD:
Natural Ingredients to Help with UTIs:
- Cranberry standardized to proanthocyandins (PACs)
Natural Ingredients to Help with Morning Sickness:
Natural Ingredients to Help with Breastfeeding:
- Chamomile
- Silymarin from milk thistle
Natural Ingredients to Help with Menopause:
- Chaste-tree
- Rhodiola rosea
- Black cumin
Episode References:
- Good review article on botanicals and women’s health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5050441/
- Chaste-tree can help with PMS: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28237870
- Chaste-tree can alleviate cyclic breast pain: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31464546
- Zinc and PMS: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31154571
- Phosphatidyl serine and PMS: https://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S2405-4577(17)30275-9
- Water willow and PMS: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20452152
- PMS and calcium and vitamin D3: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30918875
- Cranberry and UTI: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29046404
- Bearberry contains a compound called arbutin that might be useful for UTIs: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29970072
- Ginger can help with morning sickness: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22951628
- Chamomile can increase milk production when breastfeeding: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28000519
- Silymarin from milk thistle can increase milk production: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26714778
- Chaste-tree can help with symptoms of menopause: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31067851
- Rhodiola rosea helps to regulate estrogen levels during menopause: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26776957
- Black cohosh can ease menopausal symptoms: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25693288
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan breaks down the actual science behind the safety and efficacy of genetically modified organisms (GMOs)
Topics discussed are as follows:
- What are genetically modified organisms (GMOs)?
- Scientific literature behind the potential benefits of GMOs
- Literature on the potential dangers of GMOs
- The real issues behind GMOs
- Summary/future outlook
- Dr. Dan recommendation
Episode References:
- See here for an article on the population crisis: http://www.fao.org/fileadmin/templates/wsfs/docs/Issues_papers/HLEF2050_Global_Agriculture.pdf
- Papaya GMO that is resistant to the Papaya ringspot virus and saved the papaya species on the Hawaiian Islands: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3976845/
- Article on the discovery of golden rice: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10657094
- Carotenoids in golden rice are converted to Vitamin A in humans: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19369372
- Macronutrient ratios in golden rice are comparable to other species of rice: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31282158
- FDA determination that golden rice is safe for consumption: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29979646
- Development of aSTARice that produces astaxanthin: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30506343
- Potential loss of biodiversity with GMOs: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28645870
- GMO status in the EU: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30838488
View Details
Episode Summary:
With thousands of supplements to choose from, Dr. Dan explains what to look for in order to find science-based products that can support human health.
Principles For Picking Out a Science-Based Supplement:
- Avoid Pixie-dusting/Witches Brew Formulations
- Steer Clear of Proprietary Blends that don’t give ingredient amounts
- Choose ingredients that are standardized to bioactive compounds
- Look for technology in formulations that make the ingredients more bioavailable
- Buy supplements where clinical studies have been run on the finished product and not just an individual ingredient in the product
- Choose supplements that have certifications behind it (e.g. NSF Sport, Informed Choice, Certified Organic, etc.)
- Look for supplements where there is transparency on how the formulation is produced and where the ingredients are from
- Avoid supplements with panacea-like claims
View Details
Episode Summary:
Mindfulness and its ability to improve human health is the topic Dr. Dan address in this episode.
Episode References:
- Wikipedia has a nice introduction to mindfulness: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindfulness
- Stress and anxiety reduction via mindfulness: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31601362
- Mindfulness increases quality of life in cancer patients: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31621473
- Postpartum depression is reducing using mindfulness techniques: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31601170
- Mindfulness can reduce markers of inflammation and promote heart health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31591316
- Pain can be alleviated using mindfulness techniques: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31579851 and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31377215
- Mindfulness and reduction of suicide risk: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31572279
- Reduction of insomnia and sleep disturbances using mindfulness: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31539830
- Mindfulness int he treatment of sexual dysfunction: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31570137
- Mindfulness can change brain wave activity as seen by EEG: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31569665
- Reduction of migraine headaches using mindfulness: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31557329
- Mindfulness and reduction of opioid misuse: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31556669
- Reduction of signs of metabolic syndrome using mindfulness: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31511777
- Mindfulness increases levels of BDNF in the brain: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31498125
- Use of mindfulness as a treatment in early stage schizophrenia: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31416744
- Mindfulness and reduction of tinnitus: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31396035
- Incorporation of mindfulness can increase quality of education: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31404846
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan breaks down the actual science behind the hot trend of phytoceramides.
Episode References:
- Dr. Oz—How to Fake a Facelift Campaign: https://www.doctoroz.com/episode/how-drop-decade-5-secrets-cheat-your-age?video_id=1937182025001
- Ceramides Improve Skin Condition: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18492188
- Ceramides Improve Skin Hydration: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20646083
- Improvement of wrinkles using phytoceramides: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/309007390_Lipowheat_phytoceramides_a_powerful_dietary_ingredient_for_hydration_and_anti-aging
- Newest 2019 Paper on Ceramides: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31033133
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan discusses the science behind the hot trend of camel milk and its anti-diabetic properties.
Episode References:
- Zero prevalence of diabetes in rural India where camel milk is consumed: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17098321
- See here for a review article on the health benefits of camel milk: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27432772
- Anticancer properties of camel milk: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30583676
- Anti-diabetic effects of camel milk on type 2 diabetes: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30452940
- Camel milk can support health of people with type 1 diabetes: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24200025 and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19459752
- Camel milk and kidney health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29667662
- Clinical measurements of autism are significantly improved after drinking camel milk: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26577969 and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24375082
- Consumption of unpasteurized camel milk can cause bacterial infections: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26796768 and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27038818
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan breaks down the known science regarding intermittent fasting.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Introduce intermittent fasting
- Different types of intermittent fasting
- Intermittent fasting in the scientific literature
- Potential mode of action of intermittent fasting
- Challenges and potential issues
- Key takeaways
- Future outlook
Episode References:
- See here for a review of different types of intermittent fasting: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4516560/pdf/nihms663671.pdf
- Caloric restriction and intermittent fasting cause weight loss to the same degree: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29700718
- Intermittent fasting can reduce body fat in obese subjects: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30683819
- Intermittent fasting can reduce triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol levels: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31377182
- Periodic fasting can increase efficacy of cancer therapies: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27557543
- Beneficial effects of intermittent fasting in asthma: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17291990
- Intermittent fasting and bone health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30903600
- Intermittent fasting supports healthy gene expression: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31356832
- Athletic performance isn’t increased by intermittent fasting: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31283627
- Intermittent fasting and arthritis: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2837251
- Long term mood is increased with intermittent fasting: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17263085
- Safety precautions in intermittent fasting: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29405359
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan discusses what is known in the scientific literature about the health benefits, challenges, and future outlook of essential oils.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Definition of essential oil
- Molecular composition of essential oils
- What is the actual published science behind essential oils?
- Potential problems with essential oils
- Key takeaways and future outlook
Episode References:
- Essential oils and quorum sensing: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31497567
- Benefit of essential oils in aromatherapy: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29743387
- Anti-inflammatory properties of shisandra essential oil: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31463498
- Essential oils not effective against metabolic syndrome: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31478290
View Details
Episode Summary:
The actual science regarding elderberry is the topic Dr. Dan tackles on this episode.
Episode References:
- Elderberry as a food colorant: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31247974
- Phytonutrients in elderberry: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29241318
- Elderberry reduces cold-like symptoms: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30670267
- Flu duration shortened by elderberry: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9395631
- Compounds in elderberry bind to the flu virus: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19682714
- Elderberry does not improve metabolic health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14749743
- Potential connection between elderberry and the microbiome: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jafc.9b00247
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan discusses what is actually known in the scientific literature regarding the keto diet.
Episode References:
- The keto diet in the treatment of drug resistant epilepsy: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31204451
- See here for a good review on the science of the ketones diet: https://www.nature.com/articles/ejcn2013116
- Keto diet can change composition of the microbiome: https://www.cell.com/cell/fulltext/S0092-8674(18)30520-8
- The keto diet changes levels of microRNA: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30474543
- There could be health issues with eating pattern too low in carbohydrates: https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanpub/article/PIIS2468-2667(18)30135-X/fulltext
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan discusses a science-based eating pattern that can lower blood pressure.
Episode References:
- Blood pressure prevalence by the WHO: https://www.who.int/gho/ncd/risk_factors/blood_pressure_prevalence_text/en/
- Original New England Journal of Medicine report on the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) eating plan: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9099655/
- See here for a good review of the DASH eating plan: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5509411/
- Substituting either protein or fat for carbohydrates in the DASH plan is effective: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16287956/
- DASH can help manage gout: https://www.bmj.com/content/357/bmj.j1794
- Diabetes management and DASH: https://spectrum.diabetesjournals.org/content/30/2/76
- DASH can lower risk of chronic kidney disease: https://www.kidney-international.org/article/S0085-2538(19)30168-1/fulltext
- Insomnia reduced in people on DASH: https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-019-2220-6
- Less than 1% of the US population follows the DASH plan: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18268173/
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan describes the best science-based methods to repel those pesky mosquitos.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Synthetically derived insect repellents
- Naturally derived insect repellents
- Factors that attract or repel mosquitos
- Summary and future outlook
Episode References:
- See here for a nice review of insect repellents: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29410208
- Effectiveness of DEET: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12097535
- DEET is absorbed through the skin: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3625951
- Premature death of red blood cells using DEET: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30880218
- Icaridin is effective at controlling malaria outbreaks: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28339462
- PMD is a effective insect repellent: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17067054
- Citronella isn’t effective at repelling mosquitos: https://academic.oup.com/jinsectscience/article/17/1/24/2996380
- 2-nonanal attracts mosquitos: https://www.pnas.org/content/106/44/18803
- Sweat attracts mosquitos: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5799038/
- Alcohol consumption and mosquito attraction: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12083361/
- Eating bananas attracts mosquitos: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6315685/
View Details
The word "diet" is my most hated word in the english language. Diet means short term, non-sustainable, drudgery, gimmicky, burden, and pain. In this episode I discuss basic princioles of how one can eat healthy food sustainably long term—as opposed to a white-knuckle diet.
View Details
Episode Summary:
The scientific efficacy of the popular bean diet is the topic tackled by Dr. Dan on this episode.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- What is the bean diet?
- Nutritional composition of beans
- Scientific literature on the bean diet
- Is the bean diet scientifically legit?
- Future outlook and summary
Episode References:
- Early reference on the bean diet: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5851199
- Legumes are rich in polyphenols: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29113066
- Bean consumption and cancer mortality: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29352655
- Reduced risk of type 2 diabetes by eating beans: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28392166
- Bean consumption and weight loss: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamainternalmedicine/fullarticle/1384247
- Mood might be increased by eating beans: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29062805
- A legume rich diet can support health blood-lipid levels: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19939654
- Bean consumption can reduce levels of inflammation: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19889807
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan discusses the scientific literature behind different types of mushrooms.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Introduction to mushrooms
- Mushrooms with science based evidence
- Best ways to get mushrooms into our diets
- Future outlook and summary
Episode References:
- Reishi mushroom and immune health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30317947
- Metabolic syndrome reduced using reishi mushroom: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30806268
- Safety of reishi mushroom: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14756912
- Neuroprotective properties of lion’s mane mushroom: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30934760
- Lion’s mane mushroom and aging: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31084539
- Mood improvement with Lion’s mane: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31118969
- Safety of lion’s mane mushroom: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24810469
- Anti-inflammatory properties of red belted conk mushroom: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24810469
- Chaga and cell cycle health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29800742
- Liver health protected using chaga: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26853962
- Turkey tail mushroom and microbiome health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25006989
View Details
Episode Summary:
Microplastics and their implications in human health is the topic Dr. Dan addresses this week.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- What are microplastics?
- Scientific literature on microplastics and human health
- Foods that may be high in microplastics
- Future outlook and summary
Episode References:
- See here for a review on microplastics: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30116998
- Preliminary research on microplastics: https://www.umweltbundesamt.at/fileadmin/site/presse/news_2018/UEG_Week_2018_-_Philipp_Schwabl_Microplastics_Web.pdf
- Microplastics can contain large amounts of pathogens: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es503610r
- Synthetics contaminants can absorb onto microplastics: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29653356
- Microplastics can leach out bisphenol A (BPA): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27093569
- Microplastics could be causing inflammation in human tissues: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.6b02569?rand=i0ghes9k
- See here for SAPEA report on microplastics: https://www.sapea.info/topics/microplastics/
- Microplastics and the microbiome: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30826685
- Microplastics are also in the air: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29172041
- Scallops can accumulate large amounts of microplastics: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.est.8b05266#
- See here for a review on microplastics in cosmetics: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27836135
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan shares a simple formula for prolonged sustained weight loss based on sound scientific principles.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Nutritional ingredients in the scientific literature that can promote weight loss
- Dr. Dans formula for healthy, sustained weight loss
- Future outlook and summary
Episode References:
- Obesity statistics in the United States: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html
- See here for a review on weight loss ingredients in the scientific literature: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0753332218345554
- Clinical study on Yerba mate and weight loss: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26408319
- Green tea and weight loss: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19597519
- Weight reduction using Garcinia cambogia: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5781311/
- Capsaicin in chili peppers can promote weight loss: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27899046
- Caloric restriction is key for weight loss: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29651021
- Time restricted feeding can prevent obesity and metabolic syndrome: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30174302
View Details
35. Episode Summary:
In this episode Dr. Dan talks about different science-based strategies to support eye health.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Eye Health
- Compounds that can support eye health
- What can we do to protect our vision
- What to look for in an eye health supplement
- Future outlook and summary
Episode References:
- Statistics on are related macular degeneration (AMD): https://nei.nih.gov/eyedata/amd
- Excess sugar intake can accelerate cataract formation: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27242920
- Omega-3 supplementation greatly improves dry eye symptoms: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30702470
- Lutein and zeaxanthin can support eye health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27431371
- Details regarding the Age Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10588299
- Smoking and hypertension increase risk for AMD: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11097601
- Dietary intake of omega-3 fatty acids decreases risk for AMD: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18779490
- Beta-carotene supplementation can increase cancer risk in smokers: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29885291
- AREDS2 trial details: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22840421
- Increased calcium intake in women can decrease risk for AMD: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30896764
- Use of blue-light filtering lenses does not support health of the macula: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30789642
View Details
Episode Summary:
The incredible science-based benefits of honey is the focus of this podcast.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Honey: Background and introduction
- Health benefits of honey in the scientific literature
- What to look for in a honey?
- Future outlook and summary
Episode References:
- Traditional Medicine uses for honey: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758027/
- Antibacterial benefits of honey: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23569748
- Antiviral activity of honey: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15278008
- Honey and wound healing: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28063093
- Anti-inflammatory properties of honey: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24623989
- Antibacterial properties of honey against MRSA: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25159357
- Honey and sore throat: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3758027/
- Anti-ulcer properties of honey: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30105063
- Honey is a potent antioxidant: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20803373
- Honey and immune health related to sport performance: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28417086
- Honey increases athletic endurance: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26448850
- Honey lowers 4/5 criteria for metabolic syndrome: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18454257
- Reduction in blood pressure with honey: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30477832
- Anti obesity properties of honey: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28246535
- Honey can help heal diabetic foot ulcers: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30712715
- Prebiotic/Microbiome promoting activity of honey: https://insights.ovid.com/pubmed?pmid=28379925
- Honey and immune health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15671696
- Anti cough properties of honey: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapediatrics/fullarticle/571638 and https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4264806/
- Reduction of allergy symptoms using honey: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6074882/pdf/asm-5-469.pdf
- Honey and respiratory health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24886260
- Anti parasitic properties of honey: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6456236/
View Details
- Plants and the need to study them
- Plants have been used since the dawn of time for food, shelter, transportation and medicine—not to mention they produce the very oxygen we breathe!
- Why study plants
- 50% of all anticancer drugs and 30% of all pharmaceutical drugs are from plants
- 600,00 species of plants on the earth. Less than 5% of plants have been studied for their bioactive compounds
- We need to continue to discover new plants that can help with the health Metabolic Syndrome crisis sweeping the globe
- Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) is also a serious health concern on the earth today.
Episode References:
- See here for a review of pharmaceutical drugs from plants: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01055
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan recaps key information shared from the first 6 months of the podcast on how to promote health.
- Nutrition Principles:
- Eat Dr. Dan’s Epinutrient Diet or Epi Diet
- Include the following foods that are naturally rich in EPINUTRIENTS in your daily regiment:
- 1 apple
- 1 orange
- 2 tablespoons of cacao nibs
- Could also substitute1 square at least 85% dark chocolate
- 1 serving of either broccoli, Brussel sprouts, or cabbage
- 2 handfuls of nuts like pistachios, almonds, cashews or pecans
- One slice whole wheat or rye bread (homemade if possible)
- 2 tablespoons raw honey
- Lifestyle Principles:
- Sleep 6-8 hrs/day
- Meditate and exercise the brain 15 minutes/day
- Wear sunscreen when going into intense sun situations
- Supplementation:
- CoQ10
- Fish Oil
- CBD
- Adaptogens (l-theanine, rhodiola, bacopa, ashwaghanda, magnolia bark, lemon balm)
- Nutricosmetic supplement
- Microbiome enhancing products (e.g. fiber supplement, probiotic supplement)
- Jiaogulan
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan discusses the incredible health benefits of fiber consumption as found in the scientific literature.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Introduction to fiber
- Health benefits of fiber
- How much fiber should I be eating?
- Good sources of fiber
- Future outlook and summary
Episode References:
- Fiber and weight management: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29092878
- Fiber and blood pressure: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29153856
- Glucose control and fiber: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2559957
- Diabetes and fiber: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17502538/
- Fiber and cholesterol control: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2169487
- Fiber and heart health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8627965/
- Metabolic syndrome and fiber consumption: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21856031/
- Fiber and the microbiome: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28286339
- Inflammation and fiber: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22012132
- Aging and fiber: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29682542
- Fiber and kidney health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29352819
- Fiber and IBD: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29373726
- Cognitive function and fiber: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30523304
View Details
Episode Summary:
In this episode Dr. Dan discusses the amazing science (like anti-diabetic properties) behind a little known medicinal plant called Jiaogulan.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Introduce Jiaogulan
- Health benefits of Jiaogulan in the scientific literature
- How to use Jiaogulan
- Future outlook and summary
Episode References:
- Saponins are the major bioactive component of Jiaogulan: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30965662
- Polysaccharides in Jiaogulan can promote immune health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30942219
- Anti-diabetic properties of Jiaogulan: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30679754
- Jiaogulan can support healthy blood-glucose levels: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23431428
- Jiaogulan has a complimentary effect with anti-diabetic drugs: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3484409/
- Daily administration of Jiaogulan can reduce anxiety by 16.8%: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30599899
- Anti-cancer properties of compounds from Jiaogulan: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30562828
- Jiaogulan and liver health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29743925
- Anti-inflammatory properties of Jiaogulan: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29152090
- Jiaogulan can help reverse multiple drug resistance (MDR): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17950589
- Oral use of Jiaogulan shows no signs of toxicity: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23796877
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan discusses the health benefits and new science behind chocolate.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Introduction to cacao
- Health benefits of cacao in the scientific literature
- Best ways to get the health benefits of cacao
- Future outlook and summary
Episode References:
- History of chocolate: http://exhibits.mannlib.cornell.edu/chocolate/
- Anti-diabetic properties of cacao: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28863367
- Heart health promoting effects of cocoa flavanols: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28003203
- Cacao has a protective effect against metabolic syndrome: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30935075
- Microbiome-promoting action of cacao: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21068351
- Appetite suppressant properties of cacao: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20102728
- Cognitive health properties of cacao: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29502273
- Cacao and blood pressure: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27037002
- Skin health properties of cacao: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26581682
- New innovations in cacao processing: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30893898
View Details
Episode Summary:
Get the accurate facts from Dr. Dan behind the safety, efficacy, and future trends of sunscreen.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Sunscreen introduction, history, and general concept
- Components of sunscreen
- Science behind sunscreen use
- Sunscreen application, safety, and regulations
- Environmental concerns regarding sunscreen
- What to look for in a sunscreen?
- Future outlook and summary
Episode References:
- Sunscreen components and damage to coral reefs: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30484882
- Sunscreen chemicals in the bloodstream: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/article-abstract/2733085
- Reduced risk of skin cancer by using sunscreen: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30027280
- Most people don’t wear sunscreen despite knowing its benefits: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30009555
- Sunscreen can reduce melasma: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31033184
- Sunscreen can prevent DNA damage: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29944164
- Application of sunscreen can prevent the immune system from being depressed by UV rays: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30307614
- Sunscreens in pill form are not effective: https://www.fda.gov/news-events/press-announcements/statement-fda-commissioner-scott-gottlieb-md-new-fda-actions-keep-consumers-safe-harmful-effects-sun
- Consecutive double application of sunscreen is beneficial: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29590142
- Sunscreen use does not cause a deficiency in Vitamin D: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31069788
- Zinc oxide and titanium dioxide have the generally recognized as safe and effective (GRASE) designation: https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jama/fullarticle/2733084
- Titanium and zinc oxides don’t damage coral reefs: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29801220
- Melatonin and pumpkin seed oil can increase effectiveness of sunscreens: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30414837
- Microsporine-like amino acids (MAAs) are new sunscreen ingredients with big potential: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29304277
- Meadowfoam seed oil is another potential new sunscreen ingredient: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29867483
View Details
Episode Summary:
Get the latest accurate science from Dr. Dan behind the bone broth rage.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Introduction to bone broth
- Bone broth in the scientific literature
- Potential drawbacks regarding bone broth
- Summary and future outlook
Episode References:
- Trace minerals from bone broth: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28804437
- Something in chicken soup helps to clear airways: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/359266/
- Potential anti-inflammatory properties of bone broth: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pubmed/29509826-enriched-chicken-bone-broth-as-a-dietary-supplement-reduces-nociception-and-sensitization-associated-with-prolonged-jaw-opening/?from_term=Bone+broth%5BTitle%5D&from_pos=4
- Risk of lead contamination from excessive bone broth consumption: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pubmed/23375414-the-risk-of-lead-contamination-in-bone-broth-diets/?from_term=Bone+broth%5BTitle%5D&from_pos=1
- Bone broth is not a great collagen source: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/labs/pubmed/29893587-bone-broth-unlikely-to-provide-reliable-concentrations-of-collagen-precursors-compared-with-supplemental-sources-of-collagen-used-in-collagen-research/?from_term=Bone+broth%5BTitle%5D&from_pos=8
- Trace minerals and immune health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16330478
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan discusses the efficacy of ayahuasca medicine based on what is known in the scientific literature
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Introduction to ayahuasca
- Main ingredients and preparation of ayahuasca
- Ayahuasca usage in traditional medicine
- Hard science behind ayahuasca
- Toxicity and mode of action of ayahuasca
- Legal status of ayahuasca
- Summary and future outlook
Episode References:
- General health study on ayahuasca: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30732540
- Ayahuasca and mental health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30105399
- Depression and ayahuasca: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26650973
- Ayahuasca and eating disorders: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30474794
- Ayahuasca and mindfulness: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28525587
- Creativity and ayahuasca: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23061318
- Ayahuasca and addiction recovery: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23627784
- Ayahuasca doesn’t appear to be toxic: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30582439
- Interaction of ayahuasca with the endocannabinoid system: https://journals.lww.com/psychopharmacology/Citation/2018/12000/Possible_Interactions_Between_5_HT2A_Receptors_and.22.aspx
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan uses science to answer the following question: Are diet sodas good for your health?
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Diet soda by the numbers
- Scientific literature on diet soda consumption
- Mechanism/mode of action
- What to drink instead?
- Summary and future outlook
Episode References:
- Consumption of sugary sodas and metabolic syndrome: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30304842
- Diet sodas increase levels of inflammation: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29378052
- Connection between diet sodas and increased cardiovascular risk: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29077645
- Diet soda consumption increase risk for diabetes: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28659294
- Increased risk of kidney failure associated with diet soda consumption: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27797893
- Diet soda and obesity: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25780952
- Diet soda and increased risk of metabolic syndrome: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19151203
View Details
Episode Summary:
In this episode Dr. Dan talks about the science-based evidence behind Chinese caterpillar fungus—also known as Himalayan viagra.
Topics discussed are as follows:
- Introduction to Chinese caterpillar fungus
- Science-based health benefits of Chinese caterpillar fungus
- Where to find it and how to take it?
- Problems to overcome
- Summary and future outlook
Episode References:
- Chinese caterpillar fungus and Chinese olympians: https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1993-09-12-sp-34485-story.html
- Growth cycle and history of Chinese caterpillar fungus: http://www.fungimag.com/spring-2017-articles/V10I1%20LR%20Yartsa%2053_64.pdf
- Cordyceps expense: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30339980
- Aphrodisiac properties of Cordyceps: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27041868
- Anticancer potential of Cordyceps: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29496448
- COPD and Cordyceps: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30237706
- Anti-aging properties of Cordyceps: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29808102
- Heart health benefits of Cordyceps: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28962164
- Antibacterial potential of Chinese caterpillar fungus: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30806222
- Cordyceps and liver health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28181416
- Weight loss and Cordyceps: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30522511
- Cordyceps and energy/endurance: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25251930
- Cordyceps from Bhutan: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27874103
- Adulteration of Cordyceps: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17253264
- Novel micro-RNA molecules found in Cordyceps: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29616410
View Details
Episode Summary:
Dr. Dan discusses the latest science behind why you should be taking a CoQ10 supplement. Topics discussed are as follows:
- CoQ10: Introduction
- How CoQ10 works in the body
- Recent science behind CoQ10
- What to look for in a CoQ10 supplement
- Summary and future outlook
Episode References:
- CoQ10 supplementation and health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1637852
- CoQ10 as an antioxidant: http://www.pnas.org/content/87/12/4879
- CoQ10 supports healthy inflammation: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28847708
- CoQ10 and cholesterol levels: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30296936
- Blood-glucose levels and CoQ10: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28381349
- CoQ10 and blood pressure: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29330704
- Aging and CoQ10: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30116476
- Bipolar depression and CoQ10: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30106880
- CoQ10 and autism: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29684771
- CoQ10 and Down syndrome: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27770619
- PCOS and CoQ10: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28949260
- CoQ10 and sport performance: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28486329
- Skin health and CoQ10: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27548886
- CoQ10 and migrane headaches: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27670440
- MS and CoQ10: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25603363
View Details
Episode Summary:
Topical skincare products only penetrate 20% of the skin. Dr. Dan explains methods by how we can nourish our skin from the inside out. Topics discussed are as follows:
- Skin health
- Factors that damage skin health
- Ingredients that nourish skin from the inside out
- Summary and future outlook
Episode References:
- Oral collagen intake and skin health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23949208
- Collagen consumption improves eczema: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29017796
- Nail health improved with collagen consumption: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28786550
- Hyaluronic acid (HLA) improves skin health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5871318/
- Triphala and skin health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26731545
- Promotion of wound healing by triphala: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17662304
- Clinical study on fingerroot and skin health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28421656
- Ability of probiotics to improve skin health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26428734
View Details
Episode Summary:
You’ve likely heard something about human pheromones. In this episode, Dr. Dan tackles this topic and discussing the following:
- Introduction to smell and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)
- Chemical communication in other organisms
- Chemical communication in humans
- Summary and future outlook
Episode References:
- Story of Oscar the Cat: https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/nejmp078108
- See here for a review on odor-evoked memories: https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/6/3/22/htm
- McClintock discovery of menstrual synchrony: https://www.nature.com/articles/229244a0
- Testosterone levels in men rise when smelling the shirt of a woman ovulating: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20424057
- Paper showing humans can smell fear: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12011790
- People who are happy give off different VOCs: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11153847
- VOCs and MHC proteins: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20356897
- Effect of VOCs on Mood: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10627087
- VOCs emitted from anxious individuals can make others anxious: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20929974
- Tears of sadness in women decrease sex drive in men: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21212322
- Infants recognize the smell of their mothers: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2717541/
- Certain VOCs can increase cooperation in others: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23717389
View Details
Episode Summary:
Discussed in this episode is importance of sleep, connection of sleep with overall human health, and science-based methods on how to sleep better.
- Why is sleep important and how does it help?
- How does lack of sleep impact health?
- How to sleep better?
- Summary and future outlook
Episode References:
- Sleep helps to clean the brain: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6156/373
- Sleep helps to allocate resources: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29016625
- Sleep and cognitive function: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2656292/
- Sleep and bone health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29229227
- Sleep and obesity: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11952652
- Sleep and workplace performance: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26874067
- Sleep and cancer: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4466005/
- Sleep and Alzheimer’s: https://www.pnas.org/content/115/17/4483
- Sleep and inflammation: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18240557
- CBT methods for sleep: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/insomnia/in-depth/insomnia-treatment/art-20046677
- Caloric restriction and better sleep: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27136347
- Exercise helps sleep: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27823703
- Magnolol and sleep: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3221106/
- Tart cherry juice and sleep: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22038497
- Edible brown seaweed and sleep: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29368365
View Details
Episode Summary:
This episode accurately explains the current science behind pesticide use and human health.
- Pesticides: An introduction
- Scientific literature on pesticide use and human health
- New methods to deter pests on plants
- Ways to protect ourselves from pesticides
- Summary and future outlook
Episode References:
- Monsanto glycophosphate lawsuit: https://www.npr.org/2018/08/10/637722786/jury-awards-terminally-ill-man-289-million-in-lawsuit-against-monsanto
- 2015 WHO paper listing 5 pesticides as “possibly carcinogenic” or “possibly carcinogenic” to humans: https://www.iarc.fr/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/MonographVolume112-1.pdf
- Cancer incidence and pesticide use: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30411285
- Kidney health and pesticides: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30125793
- Reproductive health and pesticides: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30160090
- Mental health/Suicides and pesticides: https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/87/10/08-054122/en/
- General population exposure to pesticides: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352298
- Ginger and potential ability to counteract pesticide exposure: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30352300
- Probiotics and potential to neutralize pesticides in vivo: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30577661
View Details
Episode Summary:
The microbiome—the trillions of good bacterial cells living in us—and their profound impact on human health is the topic of this episode.
Topics discussed are the following:
- Microbiome: Introduction
- Implications of the microbiome
- Ways to promote a healthy microbiome
- Summary and future outlook
Episode References:
- Microbiome obesity study on identical twins: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2677729/
- Microbiome differences in centenarians: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28049008
- Immune health and the microbiome: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5408367/
- Implications of the microbiome in obesity: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2677729/
- Differences in. Microbiome of breast fed and formula fed infants: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4686345/
- Effects of antibiotic use on the microbiome: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4831151/
- Microbiome and cholesterol levels: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4705836/
- Blood-glucose levels and the microbiome: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28434033
- Good bacteria produce neurotransmitters that go to the brain: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0074774216301349
- Microbiome and inflammation: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5388779/
- Sport performance and the microbiome: https://journals.lww.com/acsm-healthfitness/FullText/2017/05000/The_Gut_Microbiota_and_Exercise_Performance.10.aspx
- Fecal microbial transplant (FMT) and Crohn’s disease: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5430018/
View Details
Episode Summary:
This episode discusses telomeres and aging. Is it the fountain of youth?
Topics discussed are the following:
- Telomeres—what are they?
- Telomeres and the aging process
- Clinical studies on telomeres and human health
- Potential ways to limit telomere shortening
- Future outlook and summary
Episode References:
- Discovery of the structure of telomerase: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6223129/
- Nobel prize for the discovery of telomerase: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/medicine/2009/press-release/
- Telomeres shorten as we age: http://www.telomer.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/TL_in_the_new_born_AvivA_IPRF_2001.pdf
- Landmark paper on telomeres and aging: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/279/5349/349
- Paper showing no effect with diet on telomere length: https://www.karger.com/Article/FullText/486586
- Cycloastragenol activates telomerase: https://www.karger.com/Article/Pdf/365290
- Hibernation concept applied to human health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/30347515
View Details
Episode Summary:
Kombucha—science and details—is the topic of this episode.
Topics discussed are the following:
- Introduction to Kombucha
- How to make Kombucha
- Kombucha Benefits and scientific review
- Potential dangers/problems with Kombucha
- Future outlook/opportunities for Kombucha
Episode References:
- 2003 paper on Kombucha in the scientific literature: https://reader.elsevier.com/reader/sd/pii/S1047279718307385?token=D8F54D348F5FCE9EE5EA8310FD1984221D79EF0D74F81BDC1F6DEA856D311F2CD083222A79959CE249F120D6010143CA
- 2019 paper on Kombucha in the scientific literature: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7476846
- Adverse event surrounding kombucha: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29197835
- Paper showing kombucha can be made using reishi mushroom: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29717669
- Kombucha and skin health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29152918
View Details
Episode Summary:
This episode chronicles the discovery, current science and mode of action of omega-3 fatty acids—along with what to look for in an omega-3 supplement.
Topics discussed are the following:
- Discovery of omega-3 fatty acids
- Health benefits of omega-3 from the scientific literature
- Omega-3 deficiency in the diet
- Mode of action of omega-3
- What to look for in an omega-3 supplement
Episode References:
- Paper in the Lancet recounting the initial discovery of omega-3 fatty acids in Greenland Eskimos: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/89498
- Study regarding omega-3 and IQ: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1745691612462585
- Omega-3 can slow rates of brain atrophy: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25877495
- Cancer protective effects of omega-3: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23919748
- Omega-3 and depression: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27103682
- Omega-3 and Vision: https://www.health.harvard.edu/heart-health/omega-3-for-your-eyes
- Resolvins and their role in the resolution of inflammation: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25052386
- America Heart Association recommendation for omega-3 intake: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24694001
View Details
Episode Summary:
This episode tackles the following question— is taking a multivitamin essential for health or essentially a waste of money?
Topics discussed are the following:
- Multivitamin—the iconic supplement
- Scientific research regarding the efficacy of a multivitamin
- Takeaways from the research
- Summary and recommendation
Episode References:
- See here for a historical review on how the term vitamin came about: https://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/education/whatischemistry/landmarks/vitamin-b-complex.html
- List of Nobel prizes related to vitamin research: https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/themes/the-nobel-prize-and-the-discovery-of-vitamins-2/
- 2009 multivitamin study on 161,808 postmenopausal women: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19204221
- 2013 multivitamin study on 27,658 participants: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19204221
- 2013 multivitamin study on 5,947 male physicians: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24490265
- 2014 multivitamin paper by the US Preventative Services Task Force: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24566474
- 2014 editorial on multivitamin use: http://annals.org/aim/fullarticle/1789253/enough-enough-stop-wasting-money-vitamin-mineral-supplements
View Details
Episode Summary:
Discussed in this episode is the science behind the alkaline water craze and the perhaps unknown new area of hydrogen-infused water.
Topics mentioned are as follows:
- pH: Introduction
- Acidification of the environment
- Alkaline Water: Introduction
- Scientific research surrounding alkaline water
- Scientific research around hydrogen water
- Summary and takeaways
Episode References:
- Alkaline water and reduction of cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal women: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15113945
- Alkaline water and bone health in postmenopausal women: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15877873
- Alkaline water and its support in those with gastric reflux: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22844861
- Antioxidant properties of hydrogen water: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17486089
- Health supporting properties of hydrogen water in those with metabolic syndrome: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2831093/
- Hydrogen water and cognitive function: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2872234/
- Hydrogen water and gastric health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24589018
View Details
Episode Summary:
This episode breaks down the cognitive health crisis affecting the world today and provides actionable information on how to promote cognitive health.
Topics mentioned are as follows:
- The cognitive health crisis
- Combatting this cognitive health crisis using the three pillars of health (nutrition, exercise, and supplementation)
- Dr. Dan’s cognitive health formula
Episode References:
- See here for a the paper mentioned on the power of the placebo effect: http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/6/218/218ra5
- See here for one paper on type 3 diabetes: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2769828/pdf/dst-02-1101.pdf
- Regarding antidepressant use: https://www.pharmacist.com/article/many-people-taking-antidepressants-discover-they-cannot-quit
- L-Theanine supporting the stress response: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4728665/
- Bacopa monnieri and cognitive performance: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3153866/pdf/acm.2008.0018.pdf
- Ashwaghanda and supporting stress and anxiety: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4270108/pdf/acm.2014.0177.pdf
- Natural products like magnolol and honokiol and their ability to attenuate stress and anxiety: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np9702446
View Details
Episode Summary:
This episode discusses if there is credible science behind the celery juice craze sweeping the world on social media.
Topics mentioned are as follows:
- Nutritional components of celery
- Phytonutrients—the missing link to celery health benefits?
- Peer-reviewed science on celery juice
- Scientific takeaway and summary
Episode References:
- See here for Instagram hashtags on celery juice and celery juice benefits: https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/celeryjuice/ , https://www.instagram.com/explore/tags/celeryjuicebenefits/
- Read here about polyacetylene phytonutrients in celery: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/jf048041s
- Paper regarding the potentially dangerous allergenicity of celery: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S009167490047483X
- Bioactive poverties of falcarinol: https://pubs.rsc.org/en/content/articlehtml/2017/fo/c7fo00110j
- Changes in amounts of celery bioactive depending on storage conditions: http://findresearcher.sdu.dk/portal/files/118232389/Recent_Patents_on_Food_Nutrition_Agriculture_2011_3_64_77.pdf
- See here for the one paper in the peer reviewed literature on celery juice: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6254272/
View Details
Episode Summary:
This episode discusses the concept of how the expression of our genes controls our destiny for good metabolic health and how to change that fortune in our favor. Topics mentioned are as follows:
- Introduction to genes and gene expression
- The expression of our genes can become broken
- Dr. Dan’s gene expression formula
Episode References:
- For a review on the vast amount of genetic information the body: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4705322/
- Offspring of overweight men more prone to obesity: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(15)00571-9
- Genes related to insulin in diabetics can be silenced and passed on: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3030456/
- Fearful memories carry through at least two generations in mice: https://www.nature.com/news/fearful-memories-haunt-mouse-descendants-1.14272
- For a review of natural products used as pharmaceuticals, see: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26852623
View Details
Episode Summary:
This episode tackles the polarizing issue of alternative sweeteners and discusses accurate science regarding the concept of toxicity. Topics Discussed are as follows:
- The sugar crisis
- Why are alternative sweeteners attractive?
- Different alternative sweeteners and their pros/cons
- Key takeaways/summary
- Dr. Dan's sweetener of choice.
Episode References:
- Average American sugar consumption: http://sugarscience.ucsf.edu/the-growing-concern-of-overconsumption.html#.W_bswi2ZNBw
- Nice comprehensive review on different sweeteners: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0278691517303642
- Drinking too much of anything, even water, can kill: https://www.webmd.com/fitness-exercise/features/water-intoxication#1
View Details
Episode Summary:
This episode will show why science-based supplementation is essential in today’s complex world due to different lifestyle and environmental factors. Topics discussed are as follows:
- 3 maxims for optimum health
- Factors that make supplementation necessary
- How lifestyle and environmental factors degrade human health
- Supplementation—bridging the gap
Episode References:
- Poor diet and human mortality: https://www.theguardian.com/society/2017/sep/14/poor-diet-is-a-factor-in-one-in-five-deaths-global-disease-study-reveals
- Consequences of sleep disruption: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5449130/pdf/nss-9-151.pdf
- Lack of Exercise and chronic disease: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4241367/pdf/nihms-603913.pdf
- Effects of pollution in chronic illnesses: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2687917/pdf/mjm12_1p58.pdf
- Stress and Illness: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3341916/pdf/mjms-15-4-009.pdf
- Mental health crisis in adolescents: https://www.bmj.com/content/361/bmj.k2608
- Supplementation with CoQ10 increases CoQ10 intracellular concentration: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4737275/pdf/BIOF-41-383.pdf
- Omega-3 fatty acids lower risk of cardiovascular disease—but not cancer: https://www.nejm.org/doi/pdf/10.1056/NEJMoa1811403
View Details
Episode Summary:
Plants have supported life on this planet since the daw of time. This episode elaborates on the following:
- History of plants in human health
- What are the medicinal component of plants?
- Plants and their use in both ancient/modern medicine
- The necessity of continued plant exploration
Episode References:
- Medicinal Plant reference in the Holy Quran: https://www.thieme-connect.com/products/ejournals/abstract/10.1055/s-0032-1307617
- Ebers Papyrus: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3358962/?report=printable#ref5
- Percentage of plant-derived compounds as pharmaceutical drugs: https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.5b01055
- Top countries for plant biodiversity: https://ac.els-cdn.com/S2468265916300300/1-s2.0-S2468265916300300-main.pdf?_tid=5acb5eaf-b584-4c8c-9756-ae1bd0398b8a&acdnat=1541541826_493b8733e36afce8e2b252281a0c8eb3
View Details
Episode Summary:
You’ve likely seen news articles floating around about startup companies making meat without the cow, chicken, pig, or fish. This episode tackles the following:
- What is cultured meat?
- How is cultured meat made?
- What are the downsides of traditional meat?
- Potential benefits of cultured meat
- Challenges of cultured meat
Episode References:
- First example of meat made in a laboratory: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0309174012001210?via%3Dihub
- Infectious diseases from livestock: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2865087/pdf/rstb20090133.pdf
- H1N1 Pandemic: http://www.who.int/csr/disease/swineflu/updates/en/
- Food borne illnesses from meat: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/foodborne-illnesses
View Details
This episode will discuss the following:
- Explain the Good Food = Medicine concept
- The 4 basic components of food
- Macronutrients 101
- Not all calories are of equal value
Episode References:
- As an example to the Good Food = Medicine concept, see here for plants used during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum care in Laos: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2749814/pdf/1746-4269-5-25.pdf
- See here for a review on different protein types: https://www.jssm.org/vol3/n3/2/v3n3-2pdf.pdf
- Benefits of short chain fatty acids on human health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4756104/
- Correlation between fiber intake and decreased risk of disease: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3513325/pdf/nihms414391.pdf
View Details
You’ve likely heard something about cannabidiol (CBD) recently. This episode discusses the following:
- What is CBD?
- Where does CBD come from?
- Is CBD the same as marijuana?
- Is CBD legal?
- What are the potential health benefits of CBD?
- How does CBD work in the body?
- What to look for in a CBD-containing product?
Episode References:
- CBD on Google Trends: https://trends.google.com/trends/explore?date=today%205-y&geo=US&q=cbd
- See here for more reading on the different compounds in Cannabis sativa: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3736954/pdf/10.1177_2045125312457586.pdf
- FDA statement on the legality of CBD: https://www.fda.gov/NewsEvents/PublicHealthFocus/ucm421168.htm#dietary_supplements
- See here for Epidiolex published study: https://www.thelancet.com/action/showPdf?pii=S1474-4422%2815%2900379-8
- Sam Vogelstein’s story regarding taking Epidiolex: https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2018/08/06/632469743/how-one-familys-fight-with-epilepsy-led-to-the-first-marijuana-based-pharmaceuti
- DEA official statement on the rescheduling of Epidiolex—but not CBD: https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/09/28/2018-21121/schedules-of-controlled-substances-placement-in-schedule-v-of-certain-fda-approved-drugs-containing
- Warning letters issued by the FDA related to CBD: https://www.fda.gov/newsevents/publichealthfocus/ucm484109.htm
- Discovery of molecules in the body that bind to cannabinoid receptors: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/258/5090/1946.long
View Details
Discussed in this episode are the following issues related to the health crisis sweeping the earth like a noxious plague:
- What does it mean to be healthy?
- The epic breakdown of human health
- The name given for this breakdown of health
- Definition of metabolic syndrome
- 3 Maxims for optimum health
Episode References:
- Definition health from a systems biology standpoint: https://www.cell.com/cell-metabolism/fulltext/S1550-4131(17)30092-X
- Leading causes of death in the US: https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/leading-causes-of-death.htm
- Obesity rates in the US: https://www.cdc.gov/obesity/data/adult.html
- Prevalence of diabetes in the US: http://www.diabetes.org/diabetes-basics/statistics/
- Heart diseases statistics in the US: https://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/facts.htm
- Criteria for Metabolic Syndrome: https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/abs/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192644?url_ver=Z39.88-2003𝔯_id=ori%3Arid%3Acrossref.org𝔯_dat=cr_pub%3Dpubmed
- Selected metabolic syndrome rates worldwide: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-017-4041-1
- Sleep cleans the brain: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/342/6156/373
- Effect of stress on human health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3380124/pdf/dmj-36-207.pdf
View Details
This introductory episode discusses the following:
- The body as an asset
- The health/knowledge gap
- How to assess the credible from the fluff?
- Finding your Health Numbers (H#s)
Episode References:
- Peer-reviewed journal impact factors: https://tools.niehs.nih.gov/srp/publications/highimpactjournals.cfm
- Velocity numbers/speeds for airplanes: https://www.grc.nasa.gov/www/k-12/Summer_Training/Elementary97/planearticle.html