The Kings and Queens podcast: Recent Episodes
Jonny Langton
Delve into the fascinating, individual stories of the Kings and Queens of England and the United Kingdom starting from 1066. From the chivalric warriors, to the hungry war-mongers to the nefarious tyrants. Discover the monarchs at their most prestigious and most fragile.
Hosted by Jonny Langton
Twitter - @kingsqueenspod
Facebook – The Kings and Queens podcast
Though Edward the Elder's reign (899-924) is overshadowed by his father and his son. His achievements during his 25 years reign were unquestionable. He continued his father’s work with determination and courage. Historian Frank Stenton characterised his reign as one of the best sustained and most decisive campaigns in the whole of the Dark Ages.
Characters
Edward the Elder - King of the Anglo-Saxons (899-924)
Aethelflaed - Lady of Mercia (911-918), elder sister of Edward
Alfred - King of the West-Saxons (871-886), King of the Anglo-Saxons (886-899), father Edward and Aethelflaed
Ealhswith - mother of Edward and Aethelflaed
Aethelwold - cousin of Edward and claimant to the throne
Aethelhelm - cousin of Edward and former claimant to the throne
Ecgwynn - first wife of Edward, mother of Aethelstan and Edith
Aelfflaed - second wife of Edward, mother of Aelfweard, Edwin and Eadgifu
Eadgifu - third wife of Edward, mother of Edmund and Eadred
Aethelstan - aetheling and son of Edward
Aethelred - Lord of Mercia (881-911), husband of Aethelflaed
Plegmund - Archbishop of Canterbury
William of Malmesbury - chronicler
Guthrum - Danish warlord and King of East-Anglia (878-890)
Eohric - Danish Viking king of East Anglia (890-902)
Western-Viking hybrid music - Alexander Nakarada
Vikings-in-battle-swords-crossing-shields-bashing-men-yelling-17335
Soundmary - wild horses running
Warfare and battlefields - medieval battlefield - weapons- horses- and soldiers
Warfare and battlefields - medieval battlefield - weapons and horses - close perspective
Factus est repente
Alfred the Great (871-99) was the embodiment of the ideal, but practical, Christian ruler. He was the ‘truth teller’, described as a brave, resourceful, pious man.
Despite his legacy being warped by Victorian and contemporary accounts, his achievements remain visible and profound. They allowed his son and grandsons to build on his political and military initiatives to unite England under the rule of one king.
Characters
Alfred - King of Wessex (871-86), King of the Anglo-Saxons (886-99)
Ealhswith - wife of Alfred
Aethelred - King of Wessex (865-71), brother of Alfred
Aethelbert - King of Wessex (860-65), brother of Alfred
Aethelbald - King of Wessex (858-60), brother of Alfred
Aethelwulf - King of Wessex (839-58), father of Alfred
Ecgberht - King of Wessex (802-39), grandfather of Alfred
Edward - son and heir of AlfredAethelswith - Alfred’s sister, wife of Burghred
Aelle - King of NorthumbriaEdmund - King of East-Anglia
Burghred - King of MerciaCeolwulf - King of Mercia
Lord Aethelred - Lord of the Mercians under Alfred
Aefelflaed - Lady of the Mercians, wife of Lord Aethelred
Viking leaders
Guthrum
Ivar the Boneless
Ragnar Lothbrook
Haesten
Ubbe
Credits
Leaving for Valhalla - Alexander Nakarada
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Elizabeth II (1952-2022) ruled for 70 years, the second longest verifiably recorded reign of any monarch in world history behind Louis XIV. For 4 out of 5 Brits, she was the only monarch they had ever known. In a reign that was characterised by a redefinition of monarchy and empire. She offered calmness, reassurance, comfort, leadership and perspective over perhaps the most significant period of social, economic and technological change of any reign in British history. Despite the challenges of modern perspectives around the principles and practicalities of monarchy her adaptability and strong sense of civic duty ensured its survival.
Elizabeth II - Queen of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms (1952-2022)
Prince Philip - Duke of Edinburgh, Consort of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms (1952-2021)
George VI - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (1936-52), Emperor of India (1936-47), father of Elizabeth
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon - Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (1936-52), Empress of India (1936-47), mother of Elizabeth
Edward VII - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1936), uncle of ElizabethGeorge V - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1910-36), grandfather of Elizabeth
Mary of Teck - Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1910-36), grandmother of Elizabeth
Princess Margaret - sister of Elizabeth
Prince Charles - eldest son of Elizabeth and heir
Princess Anne - daughter of Elizabeth
Prince Andrew - son of Elizabeth
Prince Edward - son of Elizabeth
Prince William - son of Charles and Diana, grandson of Elizabeth
Prince Harry - son of Charles and Diana, grandson of Elizabeth
Princess Diana - first wife of Charles
Camilla Parker-Bowles - second wife of Charles
Marion Crawford - governess to Elizabeth and Margaret
Cosmo Lang - Archbishop of Canterbury
Winston Churchill - Prime Minister 1940-45, 51-55
Anthony Eden - Prime Minister 1955-57Harold MacMillan - Prime Minister 1957-63Alec Douglas-Home - Prime Minister 1963-64
Margaret Thatcher - Prime Minister 1979-1990
Tony Blair - Prime Minister 1997-2007
Liz Truss - Prime Minister 2022
Michael Fagan - Buckingham Palace intruder
Credits
Jerusalem - Hubert Parry, Edward Elgar
A Moonlit Night On The Spring RiverZadok The Priest - George Friedrich Handel
We Wait For Thy Loving Kindness - William McKie
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George VI (1936-52) led Britain through one of the most consequential periods in world history. His modest and undramatic style of rule in stark contrast to the controversy and drama which surrounded the short reign of his brother was required to guide Britain through the Second World War and the death of the British Empire. He was a steady hand, who overcame his own personal limitations and won the respect of the British people.
Characters
George VI - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (1936-52), Emperor of India (1936-47)
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon - Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (1936-52), Empress of India (1936-47)
Edward VII - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1936), brother of GeorgeGeorge V - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1910-36), father of George
Edward VII - King of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1901-10), grandfather of George
Victoria - Queen of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions (1837-1901) and Empress of India (1876-1901), Great-grandmother of George
Mary of Teck - Queen consort of the United Kingdom and the British Dominions and Emperor of India (1910-36), mother of George
Wallis Simpson - Wife of Edward VIII
Princess Elizabeth - elder daughter of George and Elizabeth
Princess Margaret - younger daughter of George and Elizabeth
Prince Philip - husband of Princess Elizabeth
Prime Ministers
Stanley Baldwin (1935-37)Neville Chamberlain (1937-40)
Winston Churchill (1940-45, 1951-55)
Clement Attlee (1945-51)
Aneurin Bevan - Labour Minister of Health, co-founder of the NHS
Duff Cooper - anti-appeasement Conservative politician
Alec Hardinge - Private Secretary of George VI
Lionel Logue - Australian speech therapist
Freda Dudley Ward - Edward VIII’s former mistress
Phyllis Monkman - George’s former love interest
Sheila Chisholm - George’s former mistress
Cosmo Lang - Archbishop of Canterbury
Adolf Hitler - Fuhrer of Germany (1934-45)
Benito Mussolini - Dictator of Italy (1922-43)
Richard Grigg - Historian
Credits
Wenn die Soldaten
I was glad Hubert Parry
King Oliver s Jazz Band
The Planets - Jupiter - Gustav Holst
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Edward VIII (1936) ruled for 325 days, the shortest reign of any English monarch since Lady Jane Grey in the 16th century. The first monarch to abdicate since James II in 1688 and the first to do so voluntarily. The abdication crisis shook the British establishment to its core. His connections to Nazi Germany has undoubtedly shrouded his life in ignominy. Even after the war, he was known to describe Hitler as ‘not such a bad chap’. Shunned by the royal family for the crisis he had created and for putting private desire above public duty. It could also have been because they knew, unlike the country, that he was a traitor.
Characters
Edward VIII - King of the United Kingdom and British Dominions. Emperor of India (1936). Duke of Windsor (1937-72)
Wallis Simpson - Duchess of Windsor (1937-86), wife of Edward
George V - King of the United Kingdom and British Dominions. Emperor of India (1910-36), father of Edward VIII and George VI
Mary of Teck - Queen consort of the United Kingdom and British Dominions. Empress of India (1910-36), mother of Edward VIII and George VI
George VI - King of the United Kingdom and British Dominions (1936-52). Emperor of India (1936-47). Younger brother of Edward.
Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon - Queen consort of the United Kingdom and British Dominions (1936-52. Empress of India (1936-47). Wife of George VI
Queen Victoria - Queen of the United Kingdom (1837-1901), great-grandmother of Edward
Edward VII - King of the United Kingdom (1901-10), grandfather of Edward
Herbert Warren - Edward’s tutor and President of Magdalen college, Oxford
Lord Kitchener - Secretary of War
Cosmo Lang - Archbishop of Canterbury
Alec Hardinge - Private Secretary to the Sovereign
Louis Mountbatten - British Statesman and friend of Edward
David Lloyd George - Leader of the Liberal Party, Prime Minister (1916-22)
Stanley Baldwin - Leader of the Conservative Party, Prime Minister (1935-37)
Winston Churchill - Leader of the Conservative Party, Prime Minister (1940-45, 51-55)
Clement Attlee - Leader of the Labour Party, Prime Minister (1945-51)
Anthony Eden - Foreign Secretary, Prime Minister (1955-57)
Winifred Dudley Ward - mistress of Edward
Thelma Furness - mistress of Edward
Ernest Simpson - husband of Wallis (1928-37)
Lord Rothermere - media mogul, founder of the Daily Mail
Lord Beaverbrook - owner of the Daily Express
Oswald Mosley - leader of the British Union of Fascists
Ricardo Espirito Santo - Portuguese banker and associate of Edward
Adolf Hitler - Chancellor of Germany (1933-45), Fuhrer (1934-45)
Joseph Goebbels - Reichminister of Propaganda
Hermann Goering - Reichsmarschall and leading Nazi figure
Joachim von Ribbentrop - German ambassador to the United Kingdom, Reichminister of Foreign Affairs, Wallis Simpson’s lover.
Credits
Pomp and Circumstance No. 3Erika (German Soldier’s song)
When Eliza Rolls Her Eyes
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George V's reign (1910-36) stretched across perhaps the most tumultuous period in world history. It saw the bloodiest war to date, the financial markets melt and the rise of fascism and communism
His calm, dutiful leadership would be put to the test, the British monarchy faced perhaps its biggest existential threat as Europe faced unparalleled political and social change.
Characters
George V - King of the United Kingdom and the British dominions, Emperor of India (1910-36)
Mary of Teck - Queen of the United Kingdom and the British dominions, Empress of India (1910-36)
Edward VII - Father of George, King (1901-10)
Alexandra of Denmark - mother of George, Queen consort (1901-10)
Albert ‘Eddy’ - brother of George
Victoria - Grandmother of George, Queen (1837-01)
Albert - Grandfather of George, Prince consort (1837-61)
David - eldest son of George and future Edward VIII
Bertie - younger son of George and future George VII
John Neale Dalton - tutor
Emmeline Pankhurst - leader of the Suffragette movement
Emily Davison - Suffragette killed during the 1913 Derby
Edward Carson - Irish Unionist politician
Bertrand Edward Dawson - George’s physician
Winston Churchill - Minister of Munitions, First Lord of the Admiralty, Chancellor of the Exchequer
Field Marshal John French - Commander-in-chief of the British Expeditionary Force
Field Marshal Douglas Haig - Commander of the Expeditionary Force on the Western Front
Lord Kitchener - Secretary of State for War
Tsar Alexander III - Emperor of Russia (1881-94)
Tsar Nicholas II - Emperor of Russia (1894-1917), cousin of George
Kaiser Wilhelm II - Emperor of Germany (1888-1918), cousin of George
Archduke Franz Ferdinand - heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary
Gavrilo Princip - Serbian nationalist and Franz Ferdinand’s assassin
Prime Ministers
Herbert Asquith - 1908-16
David Lloyd George - 1916-22
Andrew Bonar Law - 1922-23
Stanley Baldwin - 1923-24, 24-29, 35-37
Ramsey MacDonald - 1924, 1929-35
Pomp and Circumstance no. 4
The Last Post
Wo alle Straßen enden
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Politips host Ed Castel deep dives into the remarkable reign of Aethelstan, the man recognised as the first King of England as well as the Anglo-Saxons themselves. Many key questions are answered:
Who were the Anglo-Saxons?
What were the seven kingdoms and how did the deal with Viking invasions?
How are sources found?
The reign of Athelstan: his rise and consolidation of power, his historic coronation, becoming ‘King of the whole of Britain’, the Battle of Brunanburh and the birth of English national identity, his foreign and domestic policy, and his legacy
Twitter - @kingsqueenspod
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It was a real privilege to interview Ben Kane. We spoke about his Lionheart series, his new book Napoleon’s spy, as well as the challenges faced and rewards gained from writing historical fiction.
Initially well known for his excellent trilogies set in ancient Rome including the Forgotten Legion and the Spartacus series. More recently he has ventured into medieval England with his Lionheart series focussing on the reign of Richard I of England. His most recent book is set in the Napoleonic era.
You can follow Ben on twitter - @BenKaneAuthor or on his website benkane.net
I was joined by Ed Castel, a fellow History and Politics teacher, colleague and host of my other podcast – politips – politics for a-level and beyond.
https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/poli-tips
In the words of the Edward VII (1901-1910) ‘I don’t mind praying to the Eternal Father, but I must be the only man in the country afflicted with an eternal mother. He had to wait 59 years to become king. Though only 9 years, the king also lent his name to an era. The Edwardian era was distinct in its social and cultural change with a rejection of certain Victorian values. The era saw significant social mobility, reform yet also hedonism. In the words of W. B. Yeats ‘everybody got down off their stilts.' He was perhaps the final monarch to hold true political power. The power and influence was held over the great monarchs of Europe, his relatives, who would soon succumb to republicanism, to socialism and to war.
Characters
Edward VII ‘Bertie’ – King of the United Kingdom and British Dominions, Emperor of India (1901-10)
Alexandra of Denmark – Queen consort of the United Kingdom and British Dominions, Empress consort of India (1901-10)
Victoria – Queen of the United Kingdom and British Dominions (1837-1901, Emperor of India (1876-1901), mother of Edward
Prince Albert – Consort of the British monarch (1840-61), father of Edward
Victoria, Princess Royal – German Empress consort, sister of Edward
Prince Albert ‘Eddie’ – eldest son of Edward and Alexandra
Prince George – second eldest son of Edward and Alexandra and heir apparent.
Mary of Teck – former fiancé of Eddie and wife of Prince George.
Canon Birch – tutor of Edward
Frederick Gibbs – tutor of Edward
Frederick Johnstone – close university friend ofEdward
Henry Chaplin ‘Magnifico’ – close university friend of Edward
Mistresses and alleged mistresses
Nellie Clifden
Harriet Mordaunt
Daisy Greville
Lady Aylesford
Alice Keppel
Lady Randolph Churchill – mother of Winston Churchill
Charles Mordaunt – husband of Harriet
Randolph Churchill – father of Winston Churchill
Lord Blandford
Lord Aylesford
William Gordon-Cumming – army officer accused of cheating at baccarat.
Prime Ministers
Benjamin Disraeli – 1868, 1874-80
William Gladstone – 1868-74, 80-85, 86, 92-94
Lord Salisbury – 1895-1902
Arthur Balfour – 1902-05
Henry Campbell-Bannerman – 1905-08
Herbert Asquith – 1908-16
Joseph Chamberlain – Conservative MP, Colonial secretary under Balfour
David Lloyd-George – Liberal MP, Chancellor of the Exchequer under Asquith
Winston Churchill – Liberal MP, Trade Secretary and Home Secretary under Asquith
Keir Hardie – Founder of the Labour party
Lord Kitchener – British commander during the Boer War
Joseph Lister – British surgeon and medical scientist
Social reformers
Charles Booth Seebohm Rowntree Maud Pember Reeves
Credits
Land of Hope and Glory – Edward Elgar
Egyptian Fantasy – Sucre d’Orge Burlesque
Gilbert & Sullivan – Cow and Box
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On the death of Queen Victoria (1837-1901), Arthur Balfour wrote, ‘I suppose that, in all the history of the British Monarchy, there never has been a case in which the feeling of national grief was so deep-seated as it is at present, so universal, so spontaneous. And that grief affects us not merely because we have lost a great personality, but because we feel that the end of a great epoch has come upon us—an epoch the beginning of which stretches beyond the memory, I suppose, of any individual whom I am now addressing, and which embraces within its compass sixty-three years, more important, more crowded with epoch-making change, than almost any other period of like length that could be selected in the history of the world.’
Characters
Queen Victoria – Queen of the United Kingdom and Ireland (1837-1901)
Prince Albert – Prince Consort of the United Kingdom and Ireland (1837-61)
Prince Edward (Bertie) – Duke of Edinburgh, son of Victoria and Albert, heir apparent
Duchess of Kent – mother of Victoria
Prince Edward, duke of Kent – father of Victoria
Previous Kings of the United Kingdom and Ireland
George III –1760-1820
George IV – 1820-30
William IV – 1830-37
John Conroy – comptroller to the duchess of Kent
Louise Lehzen – governess of the Victoria’s household
Feodore – Victoria’s half-sister
Leopold I – King of Belgium
Ernest Augustus – King ofHanover, uncle of Victoria
Prime Ministers
Lord Melbourne – 1835-41
Robert Peel – 1841-46
John Russell – 1846-52, 65-66
Earl of Derby – 1846-52, 66-68
Earl of Aberdeen – 1852-55, 58-59
Lord Palmerston – 1855-58, 59-65
Benjamin Disraeli – 1868, 74-80
William Gladstone – 1868-74, 80-85, 86, 92-94
Earl of Rosebury – 1894-95
Lord Salisbury – 1885-86, 86-92, 95-02
Arthur Balfour – 1902-05
Flora Hastings – lady-in-waiting for the Duchess
John Snow – physician and leader in the development of anaesthesia
Mary Seacole – nurse who set up the ‘British Hotel’
Florence Nightingale – social reformer and founder of modern nursing
Sultan Khaleefah Abdul-Majid – Sultan of the Ottoman Empire
Bahadur Shah Zafar – Mughal Emperor of India
Cecil Rhodes – mining magnate and politician
General Charles Gordon – army officer
Lili’uokalani – Heir apparent and later Queen of Hawaii
John Brown – Victoria’s personal attendant
Abdul Karim – Victoria’s India Secretary
Kaiser Wilhelm II – Emperor of Germany, grandson of Victoria
Credits
Cherry Ripe
Sail the Ocean Blue – HMS pinafore – Gilbert and Sullivan
Hallelujah – George Frideric Handel
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When William IV (1830-37) was a teenage sailor drinking and debauching his way across the empire alongside such esteemed friends as Horatio Nelson, no one expected that one day he would king. He was taught no royal graces or decorum, yet his time would come. He was described as unassuming and disinterested in pomp and as hard-working and conscientious. Despite a short rule, he would provide royal assent to some of the most significant acts in British history. He had political views and his lack of royal training meant; he would not be lightly brushed aside.
Characters
William IV – King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1830-37)
Queen Adelaide – Queen consort of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1830-37)
George IV - King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1820-30), elder brother of William IV
George III - King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820), father of William IV and George IV
Queen Charlotte – Queen consort of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1761-1818), mother of William IV and George IV
Prince Frederick – elder brother of William IV
Prince Adolphus – younger brother of William IV
Prince Edward, Duke of Kent – younger brother of William IV, father of Victoria
Victoria, Duchess of Kent – wife of Edward, mother of Prince Victoria
Princess Victoria – niece of William IV and heir to the throne
George, Earl of Munster – illegitimate son of William IV and Dorothea Jordan
Dorothea Jordan – long-time mistress of William
Horatio Nelson – British flag officer in the Royal Navy
William Wilberforce – leading abolitionist
George Canning – Prime Minister (1827)
Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington – Commander at the Battle of Waterloo, Prime Minister (1828-30, 1834)
Charles Grey, Earl Grey – Prime Minister (1830-34)
William Lamb, Viscount Melbourne – Prime Minister (1834, 1835-41)
Robert Peel – Prime Minister (1834-35)
John Russell – Home Secretary
Henry John Temple, Viscount Palmerston – Foreign Secretary
Edward Smith-Stanley, Earl of Derby – War Secretary
Henry Brougham – Lord High Chancellor
John Nash - architect
Charles Greville – Diarist
Emily Eden - Poet
George Washington – Commander-in-chief of the Continental army, 1stPresident of the United States
Credits
Beethoven’s 6th symphony ‘Pastorale’
Freesound.org and BBC sound effects
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I have started a new podcast with my teaching colleagues. Politips... Politics for A-Level and Beyond. Reviewing the biggest stories in the world of politics in the UK and the US. Give it a try - links below for more episodes.
https://anchor.fm/poli-tips
Also available on Spotify, Google, Amazon and Apple podcasts
Napoleon III, the nephew of Napoleon Bonaparte holds a unique distinction. He became the first President of France in 1848 before becoming its last monarch when he ruled as Emperor between 1852-1870 founding the second French empire. He oversaw the modernisation of the French economy, the grand reconstruction of Paris, considerable social reform, further colonisation overseas and renewed rivalries in Europe. The impact of his rule would be felt deep into the 20th century. I was lucky enough to speak to Sam, my British housemate who grew up in France about Napoleon III.
Contemporary poet and critic Leigh Hunt described George IV (1820-30) as a violator of his word, a libertine, over head and ears in debt, a disgrace, a despiser of domestic ties, the companion of demi-reps and gamblers without a single claim on the gratitude of his country, nor the respect of posterity.
Characters
George IV – King of Great Britain, Ireland and Hanover (1820-30)
George III – King of Great Britain and Ireland (1760-1820), King of Hanover (1814-20)
Charlotte of Mecklenberg- Strelitz – Queen consort of Great Britain and Ireland (1761-1818), Queen consort of Hanover (1814-18)
Princess Charlotte of Wales – daughter of George and Caroline
Prince Frederick, duke of York – younger brother of George and one-time heir presumptive
Prince William – younger brother of George and eventual heir to the throne
Maria Fitzherbert – illegitimate Catholic wife of George
Caroline of Brunswick – legitimate wife of George
Mary Robinson – a lady-in-waiting for Queen Charlotte, love interest of George
Charles James Fox – Whig statesman and friend of George
William Pitt the Younger – Prime Minister (1783-1801, 1804-06)
Henry Addington – Prime Minister (1801-04)
Lord Liverpool – Prime Minister (1812-27)
George Canning – Prime Minister (1827)
Duke of Wellington – Commander at the Battle of Waterloo, Prime Minister (1828-30, 1834)
Robert Peel – Home Secretary, founder of the Metropolitan Police
Daniel O’Connell – political leader of Ireland’s Catholic majority, later an MP
Elizabeth Fry – Prison and social reformer
Henry Hunt – radical speaker and agitator
John Nash – Architect
James Gilray – contemporary cartoonist
Leigh Hunt – contemporary poet and critic
Richard Sheridan – Irish satirist
Napoleon Bonaparte – Emperor of France
Richard II – King of England (1377-99)
Charles II – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1660-85)
The US declaration of Independence described George III (1760-1820) as “marked by every act which may define a tyrant.” At home he was described as one of the most conscientious sovereigns who ever sat upon the English throne. Yet, he vehemently opposed catholic emancipation and the abolition of slavery. His characterisations are almost as broad as the events that unfolded during long reign. It saw an independent United States and a revolutionary France. It saw the age of enlightenment, the age of industry, science and technology and the age of imperialism that would see Europe reach the peak of its global power.
Characters
George III – King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (1760-1820) and Ireland (1801-20)
Charlotte of Mecklenberg-Strelitz – Queen consort of the United Kingdom of Great Britain (1760-1820) and Ireland (1801-20)
Prince Frederick – father of George III, son of George II, Prince of Wales (1729-51)
Princess Augusta of Saxe-Gotha – mother of George III
Prince George – son of George III, Prince of Wales, Prince Regent of the United Kingdom (1811-20)
Prince Henry – duke of Cumberland, brother of George III
France
Maximillien Robespierre – leading Jacobin revolutionary
Charles Danton – leading Jacobin revolutionary
Napoleon Bonaparte – Emperor of France
Louis XVI – King of France (1774-92)
Louis XVIII – King of France (1814-15, 1815-24)
Marie Antoinette – Queen consort of France, wife of Louis XVI (1774-92)
Pierre-Charles Villaneuve – French vice-admiral at the Battle of Trafalgar
Joseph Bonaparte – King of Spain and Naples, brother of Napoleon
Louis Bonaparte – King of Holland, brother of Napoleon
United States
Thomas Paine – English-born American revolutionary activist
Benjamin Franklin – writer, diplomat and philosopher
George Washington – military officer and statesman. 1st President of the United States (1789-97)
James Madison – President of the United States (1809-17)
Andrew Jackson – general and statesman, President of the United States (1829-37)
Prime Ministers
Thomas Pelham, Duke of Newcastle (1757-62)
John Stuart, Earl of Bute (1762-63)
George Grenville (1763-65)
Charles Watson-Wentworth, Marquess of Rockingham (1765-66, 82)
William Pitt (the elder), earl of Chatham – Prime Minister (1766-68)
Augustus FitzRoy, Duke of Grafton (1768-70)
Frederick, Lord North (1770-82)
William Petty, Earl of Shelburne (1782-83)
William Cavendish-Bentinck, Duke of Portland (1783, 1807-09)
William Pitt (the younger) (1783-1801, 1804-06)
Henry Addington (1801-04)
William Grenville (1806-07)
Spencer Perceval (1809-12)
Robert Jenkinson, Earl of Liverpool (1812-27)
Charles Fox – Whig politician
Lord Effingham – in charge of the coronation
Horatio Nelson – Admiral and flag officer in the Royal Navy
Cuthbert Collingwood – Admiral in the Royal Navy
Arthur Wellesley, Duke of Wellington – commander at the Battle of WaterlooWilliam Howe – commander-in-chief of the British land forces during the American War of Independence
John Burgoyne – British general during the American War of Independence
Charles Cornwallis – British general during the American War of Independence
Thomas Gray – British poet and scholar
Sarah Lennox – favourite of George
John Harrison – British clockmaker and inventor of the marine chronometer
Abel Tasman – Dutch seafarer and explorer
James Cook – British captain and explorer
Capability Brown – British gardener and landscape architect
Benjamin West – American artist
William Herschel – German-born British astronomer
Pope Pius VI – head of the Catholic Church (1775-99)
George II's (1727-60) temper was warm and impetuous but was good natured and sincere. He was unskilled in royal of talent of dissimulation, he always was what he appeared to be. He might offend but he never deceived. What you saw was what you got. Could Britain’s second Hanoverian king provide calm composure against the immense challenges presented by a new Jacobite claimant and the first true global conflict in an unforgiving environment led by burgeoning prime ministers?
Characters
George II – King of Great Britain, Elector of Hanover (1727-60)
Caroline of Ansbach – Queen consort of Great Britain, Electress consort of Hanover (1727-37)
George I – King of Great Britain (1714-27, Elector of Hanover (1698-1727), father of George II
Sophia Dorothea of Celle – mother of George II
Sophia of Hanover – Electress of Hanover (1692-98), heiress presumptive to the British throne, grandmother of George II
Ernest Augustus – Elector of Hanover (1692-98), grandfather of George II
Frederick, prince of Wales – eldest son of George II and Caroline, heir apparent to British throne
William, duke of Cumberland – youngest son of George II and Caroline, British army general
Philip Christoph von Konigsmarck – Swedish count and lover of Sophia Dorothea of Celle
Anne – Queen of Great Britain (1702-14)
John Churchill, the duke of Marlborough – British military commander under Queen Anne
James Stuart (the Old Pretender) – son of James II and Jacobite pretender
Charles Edward Stuart (Bonnie Prince Charlie) – grandson of James II and Jacobite pretender, son of James Stuart
Robert Walpole – Prime Minister of Great Britain (1721-42)
Charles Townshend – Statesman and director of foreign policy under Walpole
Spencer Compton, earl of Wilmington - Prime Minister of Great Britain (1742-43)
Henry Pelham - Prime Minister of Great Britain (1743-54)
Thomas Pelham, duke of Newcastle - Prime Minister of Great Britain (1754-57, 57-62)
William Pitt – British statesman and informal leader (1756-61)
Horace Walpole – statesman and son of Robert Walpole
Mary Bellenden – mistress of George II
Henrietta Howard – mistress of George II
Amalie von Wallmoden – mistress of George II
John Hervey – courtier and political writer
George Friderich Handel – German-British composer
Robert Jenkins – Welsh mariner who sparked the War of Jenkin’s Ear
Robert Clive – general and governor of the Bengal Presidency
John Byng – British admiral at the Battle of Minorca
James Wolfe – general at the Battle of Quebec
Elizabeth Montagu – social reformer and literary critic
James Caulfeild, earl of Charlemont – Irish statesman
Credits
Music for the Royal Fireworks – George Frideric Handel
Concerto for flute in A minor – Johann Sebastian Bach
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bbc_period-bat_07019148
bbc_period-bat_07019002
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bbc_period-bat_07019151
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bbc_animals--h_07024150 horses resting
bbc_700-people_07010060
bbc_atmosphere_07030054
505272__diegolar__surrounded-by-horse close perspective
464490__elynch0901__human-knocked-over
427972__lipalearning__male-grunt
365676__mr-alden__dinner-table-ambience
344145__brokenphono__swig-of-whiskey-001
275581__hinzebeat__cutlery-throwing-2
155589__leafs67__walking-in-long-grass
139973__jessepash__crowd-yay-applause-25ppl-long
98055__tomlija__wine-bottle-break-2
82019__benboncan__distant-hunt-with-shots or countryside
Author Simon Jenkins described the Georgian kings not as monarchs but as princelings, who came to power not by the sword or politics but merely descent from a distant protestant mistress. They were mostly bewigged, powdered non-entities who couldn’t even control their own children, nor say boo to a goose.
The first, George I (1714-27), faced a perilous threat from the moment he stepped on British shores, the shadow of the Jacobites was widening. The foreigner would need to heavily rely upon his new British statesmen to ensure the House of Hanover would survive.
Characters
George I – King of Great Britain (1702-27), Elector of Hanover (1698-27)
Sophia Dorothea of Celle – wife of George I (1682-94)
Ernest Augustus – Elector of Hanover (1692-98), duke of Brunswick-Luneberg (1679-98), father of George I
Sophia of the Palatinate – Electress consort of Hanover, former heir apparent to the British throne, mother of George I
Prince George Augustus – son of George I
Count Christoph von Konigsmarck – lover of Sophia Dorothea
Melusine von der Schulenberg – mistress of George I
Sophia von Kielmansegg – half-sister and companion of George I
Mustapha and Mahomet – Turkish servants of George I
Peter the wild boy – feral child brought to the court of George I
Robert Walpole – British statesman, first de facto Prime Minister of Great Britain
Charles Townshend – British statesman and ally of Robert Walpole
James Stanhope – British statesman and chief minister (1717-21)
Charles Spencer – British statesman and ally of Earl Stanhope
Horace Walpole – son of Robert Walpole
Duke of Shrewsbury – chief minister and Whig (1714)
John Younger – dean of Salisbury
James Stuart ‘the Old Pretender’ – chief Jacobite claimant to the British throne
James Butler, duke of Ormonde – Commander-in-chief of the British forces, supporter of the Jacobite rebellion (1715)
John Churchill, duke of Marlborough – commander-in-chief of the British forces
Henry St. John – leader of the Tories and supporter of the Jacobite rebellion (1715)
John Erskine, earl of Mar – leader of the Jacobite rebellion (1715)
John Campbell, duke of Argyll – senior commander of the British army during the Jacobite rebellion (1715)
George Frideric Handel – Baroque composer
Louis XIV – King of France (1643-1715)
Louis XV – King of France (1715-74), great-grandson of Louis XIV
Philippe II, Duke of Orleans – regent of France under Louis XV
Giulio Alberoni – Spanish cardinal and statesman
Philip V – King of Spain (1700-46)
William III – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1689-1702)
Anne – Queen of Great Britain (1702-14)
James II of England and VII of Scotland – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1685-88)
James I of England and VI of Scotland - King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1603-25)
Simon Jenkins – historian
Lord Chesterfield – contemporary statesman and writer
Credits
Suite in D major – The Water Music – George Frideric Handel
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bbc_period-bat_07019002
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Anne (1702-14) was described as stubborn, miserable, weak-willed, vapid, grossly obese. A woman of ordinary character. Yet, she became the first Queen of Great Britain. Her reign would have long-lasting consequences, the establishment of the Bank of England meant the nation was now punching above its weight. The nation became the military force not seen since the days of Edward III and Henry V. Within the fledgling kingdom of Great Britain, the economic and political base was built for the golden age of the 18th century.
Characters
Anne – Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland (1702-07), Queen of Great Britain and Ireland (1707-14)
Prince George of Denmark – husband of Anne
Prince William, duke of Gloucester – son of Queen Anne and Prince George
Mary II – Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland (1689-94), sister of Anne
William III – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1689-1702), Stadholder (1672-1702), prince of Orange
James II – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1685-88), father of Anne
Anne Hyde – mother of Anne, first wife of James II
Mary of Modena – Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland (1685-88)
Charles II – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1660-85), uncle of Anne
Charles I – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1625-49), grandfather of Anne
Henrietta Maria – Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland (1625-49), grandmother of Anne
Henrietta Anne – Aunt of Anne, sister of Charles II and James II
Sarah Churchill, duchess of Marlborough – courtier of Anne, keeper of the privy purse
John Churchill, duke of Marlborough – captain general of the British forces, husband of Sarah
Abigail Masham – courtier of Anne
Henry Compton – bishop of London, one of the immortal 7
Lord Sidney Godolphin – First Lord of the Treasury
Robert Harley – Chief Minister of Great Britain
Henry St. John – Secretary of State and leader of the Tories
Prince Eugene of Savoy – field marshal in the Holy Roman Empire
Louis XIV – King of France (1643-1715)
Sophia, Electress of Hanover – granddaughter of James I, heiress presumptive to the thrones of England and Scotland
George, Elector of Hanover – son of Sophia, Anne’s successor
Daniel Defoe – writer, journalist and spy
Jonathan Swift - satirist
Credits
The Prince of Denmark’s march – Jeremiah Clarke
438405__craigsmith__g29-45-western-bar-fight
564664__garuda1982__lace-up-leather-boots-sound-effect
157121__slave2thelight__soup-slurp
377041__milankovanda__eating-soup
618113__nachtmahrtv__walking-through-dry-bushes
422582__martin-sadoux__countryside-at-the-night-crickets
437090__craigsmith__g52-22-carriage-and-voices
475499__o-ciz__steps-stone-2-running
408202__170084__small-metal-objects-shaken
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William III (1689-1702) had limited interest in the affairs of England, Scotland and Ireland. His interest lay in keeping the King of France at bay and would use England as weapon to achieve his goals. It was perhaps the king’s indifference that allowed parliament to gain permanent supremacy over the nation leading to a remarkable transformation in the political and religious affairs of England. During William's reign, along with Mary II (1689-94) the parliamentary state was established, to this day it remains the enduring feature of the British political system.
Characters
William III – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1689-1702), Stadholder (1672-1702), prince of Orange
Mary II – Queen of England, Scotland and Ireland (1689-94)
James II – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1685-88), father of Mary II
Charles II – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1660-85), uncles of Mary II and William III
Charles I – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1625-49), grandfather of Mary II and William III
Princess Anne – sister of Mary II
William II – Prince of Orange, father of William III
Mary – Princess Royal, mother of William III
Anne Hyde – mother of Mary II, first wife of James II
Mary of Modena – Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland (1685-88)
James Stuart – son of James II and Jacobite claimant
Johan de Witt – Grand Pensionary of Holland
Sophia, Electress of Hanover – granddaughter of James I, heiress presumptive to the thrones of England and Scotland
Louis XIV – King of France (1643-1715)
Phillip V – King of Spain, grandson of Louis XIV
Leopold I – Holy Roman Emperor (1658-1705)
Archduke Charles – son of Leopold I
John Branston – Essex MP
Adam de la Prynne – English antiquary
John Locke – philosopher and enlightenment thinker
Mary I – Queen of England (1553-58)
Philip II – King of Spain, King of England (jure uxoris)
Credits
Sound the trumpet – Henry Purcell
Man that is born a woman – Henry Purcell
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IMSLP312077-PMLP237007-S001-02-hbr
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194982__soundmary__wild-horses-running CREDIT
James II of England and VII of Scotland (1685-59) followed in the footsteps of his predecessors. He too, struggled with the scope and nature of government. He believed it his duty as a Roman Catholic prince to level the religious playing field and did not learn the lessons of the civil war. He woefully underestimated the power of parliament. His rule saw the beginnings of the modern British state and the ultimate death knell of absolute monarchy.
Characters
James II of England and VII of Scotland
Charles I – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1625-49), father of James
Charles II – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1660-85), brother of James
Henrietta Maria – Queen consort of England, mother of James
Anne Hyde – Queen consort of England, 1st wife of James
Mary of Modena – Queen consort, 2nd wife of James
Princess Mary – eldest daughter of James
Princess Anne – eldest daughter of James
James, prince of Wales – son of James
Oliver Cromwell – 1st Lord Protector of the English commonwealth
Richard Cromwell – 2nd Lord Protector of the English commonwealth
George Monck – English general
Titus Oates – English priest and fabricator of the Popish plot
Duke of Monmouth – illegitimate son of Charles II and claimant to the throne
Earl of Argyll – Scottish peer and soldier, ally of the duke of Monmouth
Nell Gwynne – mistress of Charles II
Henry Compton – bishop of London
Robert Spencer, earl of Sunderland – Lord President of the council
William Penn – quaker and founder of the province of Pennsylvania
John Churchill – English general and statesman
William of Orange – Prince of Orange, husband of Princess Mary
Louis XIV – King of France
Henri de La Tour D’Auvergne, Viscount of Turenne – Marshall general of France
Charles-Maurice Le Tellier – Archbishop of Reims
Mary I – Queen of England and Ireland (1553-58)
Henry VI – King of England (1422-61, 70-71)
Richard II – King of England (1377-99)
Edward II – King of England (1307-27)
John Callow – Historian
Gilbert Burnet - Historian
CREDITS
Courante – Henry Eccles
Adagio – Henry Eccles
411087__jimsim__creaking-sailing-boat C
77696__benboncan__seven-bells-ship-time C
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202535__abolla__books01
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168420__gurek__bushes-01
471761__lextao__48-cortandocarne
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bbc_exterior-a_07044003
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Soundmary – Wild horses
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218488__danmitch3ll__distant-horns
Charles II (1660-85) was described by Ronald Hutton as the playboy monarch, naughty but nice, the hero of all who prized urbanity, tolerance, good humour, and the pursuit of pleasure above more earnest, sober or material virtues. Yet, like his grandfather he struggled to pay for it. Though Restoration England brought a new respect and freedom to the monarchy, the country had survived 11 years without the crown. He would test the patience of the establishment when his lifestyle and his faith drew him to the webs of Catholic Europe.
Characters
Charles II – King of England, Scotland and Ireland
Catherine of Braganza – Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland
James, duke of York – younger brother of Charles II
Charles I – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1625-49), father of Charles II
James I – King of England, Scotland and Ireland (1603-25), grandfather of Charles II
Henrietta Maria – Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland, mother of Charles II
Henrietta Anne – younger sister of Charles II, duchess of Orleans
Princess Mary – daughter of James, duke of York
William of Orange – prince of Orange, husband of Princess Mary
Oliver Cromwell – Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (1653-58)
Richard Cromwell - Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland (1658-59), son of Oliver Cromwell
Thomas Fairfax – Parliamentarian commander and general of the New Model Army
Prince Rupert of the Rhine – Royalist cavalry commander and colonial governor, cousin of Charles II
George Monck – prominent English soldier
John Lambert – Parliamentarian general
Henry Ireton – Parliamentary general
John Bradshaw - President of the High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I
Colonel Thomas Blood – Anglo-Irish officer
Titus Oates – English Priest who fabricated the Popish plot
Israel Tonge – English divine who helped fabricate the Popish plot
Edmund Godfrey – English magistrate
Edward Hyde, 1st earl of Clarendon – Lord Chancellor
The CABAL - Lord Clifford, Earl of Arlington, Duke of Buckingham, Lord Ashley, Duke of Lauderdale
George Pendrell – Catholic royalist
Nell Gwynne - mistress of Charles II
Barbara Villiers – mistress of Charles II
William Harvey – physician and tutor of Charles II
Christopher Wren – architect responsible for rebuilding 52 London churches
Isaac Newton – mathematician and physicist
Robert Boyle – philosopher, chemist, and physicist
Edmund Halley – astronomer, geophysicist, and mathematician
Louis XIV – King of France, cousin of Charles II
Samuel Pepys – Diarist and President of the Royal society
John Evelyn – diarist and writer
Gilbert Burnet – contemporary historian and philosopher
Figures from the past
Henry V – King of England (1413-22)
Richard III – King of England (1483-85)
Edward, The Black Prince – son of Edward III and heir to the English throne
Elizabeth II – Queen of the United Kingdom and the Commonwealth realms (1952-present)
CREDITS
Henry Purcell – The Old Bachelor
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240914__bdvictor__wheat-in-the-wind
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The Commonwealth of England - 1649-60
In a weary speech to parliament on 4 February 1658 Oliver Cromwell told MPs that ‘I would have been glad, as to my own conscience and spirit, to have been living under a woodside to have kept a flock of sheep, rather than to have undertaken such a place as this’. In the 1630s, Oliver Cromwell raised chickens and sheep for their eggs and wool. 20 years later he was offered the crown. He helped lead an army to defeat and execute Charles I, becoming one of the most successful military leaders in British history. He now led a country that had become a republic, it had sailed into unchartered waters. As the nation leaned on the leadership and dogged personality of Oliver Cromwell would it be strong enough to sustain the religious and political ideals upon which it had been founded?
Characters
Oliver Cromwell – 1st Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland
and Ireland (1653-58)
Richard Cromwell – 2nd Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland
and Ireland (1658-59), son of Oliver Cromwell
Charles I – King of England (1625-49)
Charles II – King of England (1660-85), son of Charles I
Thomas Fairfax – Commander of the New Model Army
George Monck – Prominent military leader under the Commonwealth
John Lambert – Prominent Parliamentarian and military leader
Arthur Aston – Prominent Royalist and military leader, Governor of Drogheda
Prince Rupert – Royalist cavalry commander, nephew of Charles I
David Leslie – Scottish cavalry commander
Praise-God Barebone – Puritan preacher and MP, gave his name to Barebone’s parliament
Menasseh Ben Israel – Portuguese rabbi
John Morrill – Historian
GM Trevelyan – Historian
John Evelyn – contemporary writer and diarist
Edward the Confessor – King of England (1042-66)
Credits
Music - The Old Bachelor - Henry Purcell
chamonesteyn brush-strokes-on-a-canvas
inspectorj ambience-seaside-waves-close-a
richardemoore cw-battle-endsinvictory
For his obdurate and reckless governance Charles I (1625-49) faced an equally obdurate and formidable parliament and he lost. The monarchy too lost, yet Charles grasped a martyr’s crown becoming the first saint of the Church of England. His reign may have contributed hugely to the destruction of the monarchy but his conduct during the trial and the dignity he displayed afterwards also helped maintain the prestige of monarchy and contributed to its ultimate restoration.
CHARACTERS
Charles I – King of England, Scotland and Ireland
Henrietta Maria – Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland, wife of Charles
James I & VI – King of England, Scotland and Ireland, father of Charles
Anne of Denmark – Queen consort of England, Scotland and Ireland, mother of Charles
Prince Henry – elder brother of Charles
Elizabeth – Electress consort of the Palatinate, elder sister of Charles
Prince Charles – son of Charles I and Henrietta Maria, heir apparent
George Villiers – duke of Buckingham
William Laud – Archbishop of Canterbury
Roger Manwaring – anti-Calvinist bishop of St. David’s
Richard Montagu – anti-Calvinist bishop of Chichester
Thomas Wentworth – earl of Stafford, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland
Prince Rupert of the Rhine - nephew of Charles, Royalist cavalry commander
Parliamentarians
John Eliot
John Pym
Denzil Holles
William Strode
Arthur Heselrig
John Hampden
John Rolle
William Prynne – prominent Puritan and lawyer
Oliver Cromwell – parliamentarian and military commander
Thomas Fairfax – commander of the New Model Army
Robert Devereux – earl of Essex, chief commander of the Parliamentarian army
John Bradshawe – President of the High Court of Justice for the trial of Charles I
John Finch – speaker of the House of Commons (1628-29)
William Lenthall – speaker of the House of Commons (1640-47)
John Felton – army lieutenant and assassin
Francis Bacon – Lord Chancellor
Infanta Maria Anna – suitor for Charles I, daughter of Philip III of Spain
Philip III – King of Spain
Louis XIII – King of France, father of Henrietta Maria
Ferdinand II – Archduke of Further Austria
Peter Paul Rubens – Flemish poet and diplomat
Henry VII – King of England (1485-1509)
Edward III – King of England (1327-77)
John Milton – contemporary poet and civil servant
GM Trevelyan - historian
CREDITS
Juan Baptiste Lully – Le Bourgeois Gentilhomme
Henry Purcell – The Old Bachelor
75201__robinhood76__01113-knight-fight-orginal
Dan Mitch3ll – Wild Horses
267297__claudius__cellar-atmo-large-building
380825__komal22moiz__tug-boat-horn-sound-effect
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James I's (1603-25) ultimate aim was to unite the kingdoms of England and Scotland under one banner. However, his belief in the divine right of kings meant his relationship with parliament would be bitter, sour and destructive, with consequences long outlasting the reign of the first King of Great Britain.
CHARACTERS
James I & VI – King of England and Scotland
Anne of Denmark – Queen consort of England, wife of James
Mary, Queen of Scots – Queen of Scotland, mother of James
Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley – father of James
Prince Henry – first son of James
Princess Elizabeth – daughter of James
Prince Charles – second son of James
Frederick V – Elector Palatine of the Rhine, King of Bohemia, husband of Princess Elizabeth
James Stewart, earl of Moray – uncle and 1stregent of James
Matthew Stewart, earl of Lennox – grandfather and 2nd regent of James
Earl of Mar – keeper of James and his 3rd regent
James, Douglas, earl of Morton – 4th regent of James
Esme Stewart, earl of Lennox – cousin and favourite of James
George Buchanan – tutor of James
Francis Stewart, Lord Bothwell – third husband of Mary, Queen of Scots
Henry VII – King of England (1485-1509), great-grandfather of James
Henry VIII – King of England (1509-1547)
Elizabeth I – Queen of England (1558-1603)
Robert Cecil – Secretary of State under Elizabeth I and James
Francis Bacon – Lord High Chancellor
Robert Carr, earl of Somerset – politician and favourite of James
George Villiers, duke of Buckingham – politician and favourite of James
Christopher Pigott – Member of Parliament
Walter Raleigh – explorer and privateer
William Parker, Baron Monteagle – peer who discovered the Gunpowder Plot
Frances Howard – wife of Thomas Overbury and Robert Carr
Thomas Overbury – wife of Frances Howard
Hugh O’Neil – Irish lord and rebel
Robert Catesby – chief architect of the Gunpowder Plot
Guy Fawkes – mercenary and Gunpowder plotter
Thomas Percy – gunpowder plotter
Francis Tresham – gunpowder plotter
Frederick II – King of Denmark and Norway (1559-88), father of Anne and Christian IV
Christian IV – King of Denmark and Norway (1588-1648)
Charles IX – King of France (1560-74)
Louis XIII – King of France (1610-43)
Henrietta Maria – wife of Prince Charles, sister of Louis XIII of France
Philip III – King of Spain (1598-1621)
Maria Anna – daughter of Philip III and suitor of Prince Charles
William Tyndale – early Protestant reformer
Edward II – King of England (1307-27)
William Shakespeare – contemporary playwright
Charles Dickens – 19th century writer
John Philipps Kenyon – 20th century historian
Music
Rondo_in_'Abdelazar'
Corelli sonata op5.12 – Follia Sonatori-Fiorentini
According to contemporary John Hayward, ‘no one knew better than Elizabeth I (1558-1603) the art of commanding men.’
Even at 17 her tutor said the constitution of her mind is exempt from female weakness and she is endued with a masculine power of application. No apprehension quicker, no memory more retentive.
With the nation perhaps more divided by religion than at any point in English history, the young Queen would require every ounce of skill, of nous, of guile afforded to her.
CHARACTERS
Elizabeth I – Queen of England
Henry VIII – King of England (1509-47), father of Elizabeth, Mary I and Edward VI
Edward VI – King of England (1547-53)
Mary I – Queen of England (1553-58)
Catherine of Aragon – 1st wife of Henry VIII, mother of Mary I
Jane Seymour – 3rd wife of Henry VIII, mother of Edward VI
Catherine Parr – 6th wife of Henry VIII
Margaret Tudor – sister of Henry VIII, Queen consort of Scotland, wife of James IV, grandmother of Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary Tudor – sister of Henry VIII, Queen consort of France, grandmother of Lady Jane Grey
Mary, Queen of Scots – cousin of Elizabeth, Mary and Edward, Queen of Scotland, France and claimant to the English throne
James VI – King of Scotland, son of Mary, Queen of Scots
Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley – 2nd husband of Mary, Queen of Scots, father of James VI
David Rizzio – confidant of Mary, Queen of Scots
Lord Bothwell – 3rd husband of Mary, Queen of Scots
Henry II – King of France (1547-59)
Francois II – King of France (1559-60), husband of Mary, Queen of Scots
Thomas Seymour – 2nd husband of Catherine Parr
Edward Seymour – Lord Protector under Edward VI, brother of Thomas Seymour
John Dudley – Lord President of the Council under Edward VI
Lady Jane Grey – pronounced Queen of England (1554), cousin of Elizabeth, Mary and Edward
Guildford Dudley – husband of Lady Jane Grey, son of John Dudley
Thomas Wyatt – leader of the Wyatt rebellion
Robert Dudley – Privy councillor, suitor of Elizabeth I, son of John Dudley
William Cecil – Secretary of State, Lord High Treasurer
Francis Walsingham – Secretary of State, Elizabeth’s ‘spymaster’
Christopher Hatton – Lord Chancellor of England
Robert Cecil – Lord Privy seal, son of William Cecil
Robert Devereux, Earl of Essex – nobleman, stepson of Robert Dudley
Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk – politician implicated in the Ridolfi plot
Francis Drake – Explorer, captain and privateer
Walter Raleigh – statesman and explorer
Roberto Ridolfi – banker and agent who planned the Ridolfi plot
Amy Robsart – 1st wife of Robert Dudley
Philip II – King of Spain, former husband of Mary I
Duke of Medina Sedonia – commander of the Spanish Armada
Ivan the Terrible – 1st Tsar of Russia
Francois, duke of Anjou and Alencon – suitor to Elizabeth I, son of Henry II, King of France
Pius V – Pope (1566-72)
Sixtus V – Pope (1585-90)
William of Orange – leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish
Juan Bentivollo – Italian who witnessed the Spanish Armada set sail
Hugh O’Neil – Earl of Tyrone and Irish rebel
John White – governor of Roanoke colony
Virginia Dare – the first English child born in the New World
William Adams – English explorer and western samurai
William Shakespeare – playwright
Christopher Marlowe - playwright
Thomas Cranmer – Archbishop of Canterbury under Henry VIII and Edward VI
Edmund Dudley – financial agent of Henry VII, father of John Dudley
William Camden – contemporary historian
Rosalind Marshall - Historian
John Hayward - contemporary
Mary I (1553-58) led the only successful revolt in 16th century England becoming the first anointed Queen regnant. She had witnessed the decimation of the Roman Catholic church in England for her father's ultimate goal of siring a son. According to G.R. Elton, the vicious attack on her mother and her own bastardisation and the treatment of her religion ought to have turned Mary into a fierce instrument of hatred and vengeance upon ascending the throne but how merciful would be?
CHARACTERS
Mary I - Queen of England
Philip - King of Spain, King of England (jure uxoris)
Henry VIII – King of England (1509-47)
Catherine of Aragon – Queen of England, mother of Mary I
Anne Boleyn – Queen of England, 2nd wife of Henry VIII
Jane Seymour – Queen of England, 3rd wife of Henry VIII
Anne of Cleves – Queen of England, 4th wife of Henry VIII
Catherine Howard – Queen of England, 5th wife of Henry VIII
Catherine Parr – Queen of England, 6th wife of Henry VIII
Edward VI - King of England (1547-53), brother of Mary I
Princess Elizabeth – sister of Mary I
Lady Jane Grey - cousin of Mary I, 9-day Queen, claimant to the English throne
Guildford Dudley - husband of Lady Jane Grey
John Dudley - Duke of Northumberland, de facto Lord Protector under Edward VI
Robert Kett - leader of Kett's rebellion
Mary - Queen of Scots, cousin of Mary I
Thomas Cranmer – Archbishop of Canterbury under Henry VIII
Reginald Pole - Archbishop of Canterbury under Mary I
Hugh Latimer and Nicholas Ridley - Anglican bishops under Edward VI
Charles V – Holy Roman Emperor, father of Philip II
At the beginning of 1553, Henry VIII’s only son King Edward VI was dying. For the first time in English history all potential claimants were women. Henry’s daughters Mary and Elizabeth, and their cousins Jane Grey (1553) and Mary, Queen of Scots. For the first time in history, England would have a Queen regnant. Partisan councillors would jockey for position in order to secure their own futures and the religious destiny of the nation.
CHARACTERS
Lady Jane Grey – Queen of England (disputed)
Guildford Dudley – husband of Lady Jane Grey
Henry VIII – Jane great uncle and King of England (1509-47)
Edward VI – Jane’s cousin and King of England (1547-53)
Henry Grey, duke of Suffolk – father of Lady Jane Grey
Frances – mother of Lady Jane Grey
Mary – daughter of Henry VIII
Elizabeth – daughter of Henry VIII
Mary, Queen of Scots – cousin of Lady Jane Grey
Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset – Lord Protector under Edward VI
John Dudley, duke of Northumberland – president of the council under Edward VI, father of Guildford Dudley
Thomas Cranmer – Archbishop of Canterbury
Thomas Seymour – brother of Edward Seymour and husband of Catherine Parr
Thomas Harding – tutor of Lady Jane Grey, family chaplain
John Aylmer and Michelangelo Florio – tutors of Lady Jane Grey
Catherine of Aragon – 1st wife of Henry VIII, mother of Mary
Anne Boleyn – 2nd wife of Henry VIII, mother of Elizabeth
Catherine Howard – 5th wife of Henry VIII
Catherine Parr – 6th wife of Henry VIII
Alison Plowden – Historian
Richard II – King of England (1377-99)
Henry IV – King of England (1399-1413), known as Henry Bolingbroke before his reign
CREDITS
Alfonso Ferabosco – Amor Mia Sprona
BalGas9
gidion owi-spit
aarnnoo – woman crying
metzik – medieval market
In 1547, the last minority in English history was formed for 9 year old Edward VI (1547-53). After the titanic reign of his father Henry VIII, a contemporary may have wondered if the country may be engulfed in civil war once more.Had the rampant religious and administrative upheaval been possible due to the colossus at the helm? Would the country accept such terms under a new king? Or would the country yield to the familiar squabbles of grasping councillors?If there were nerves, they were hidden on the 20th February 1547 when the 9-year-old walked through the nave of Westminster Abbey. The nation stood on a precipice and history was not on their side.
CHARACTERS
Edward VI – King of England
Henry VIII – King of England, father of Edward VI (1509-47)
Jane Seymour – Queen of England, mother of Edward VI, 3rd wife of Henry VIII
Princess Mary – half-sister of Edward VI
Princess Elizabeth – half-sister of Edward VI
Catherine Parr – Queen of England, 6th wife of Henry VIII
Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset – Lord Protector, uncle of Edward VI
Thomas Seymour – uncle of Edward VI, brother of Edward Seymour
John Dudley, duke of Northumberland – Lord President of the Council
Thomas Cranmer – Archbishop of Canterbury
Thomas Wriothesley – Lord Chancellor
Hugh Latimer – Bishop of Worcester
William Paget – statesman and ally of Edward Seymour, duke of Somerset
Thomas Cromwell – Chancellor of the Exchequer under Henry VIII
John Cheke and Richard Cox – Tutors of Edward VI
Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk – nobleman and uncle of Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard
Robert Kett – leader of Kett’s rebellion
Lady Jane Grey – cousin of Edward VI
Mary, Queen of Scots – Queen of Scotland
Francis – French dauphin, husband of Mary, Queen of Scots
Richard Chancellor – explorer
Ivan the Terrible – First Tsar of Russia
Edmund Dudley – financial agent of Henry VII, father of John Dudley, duke of Northumberland
Robert Dudley – son of John Dudley, duke of Northumberland
Guildford Dudley – son of John Dudley, duke of Northumberland, husband of Lady Jane Grey
Anne Boleyn – Queen of England, 2nd wife of Henry VIII
Catherine Howard – Queen of England, 4th wife of Henry VIII
Henry VII – King of England, grandfather of Edward VI (1485-1509)
Henry VI – King of England (1422-61, 70-71)
Richard II – King of England (1377-99)
CREDITS
Charpentier – Prelude aue dem Te Deum 2019
Tielman Susato – La Mourisque
freesound.org
jg booysen – pistol gunshot
anton – dog bark Staffordshire bull terrier
robin hood 76 – sledge ride 1
tiisetso – scrubbing floor
mushroomjesus – baby noises 2-3 month old
j-zazvurek – woman scream 5
roxis boy – chain rattling 2
hinzebeat – plate with cutlery
f-r-a-g-i-l-e – medieval lute chords
nickh69 -quill and parchment
tim Kahn – footsteps bare feet
soundmary – wild horses running
Does Juana Loca (Joanna the Mad) Queen of Castile (1504-55) and Aragon (1516-55) deserve her title? Was she really unfit for rule or was she merely a victim of her father's, her husband's and her son's political machinations? Find out with Cristina Sanchez Gomez.
CHARACTERS (names in Spanish)
Juana - Queen of Castile (1504-55) and Aragon (1516-55)
Fernando II - King of Aragon (1479-1516), King of Castile (jure uxoris) (1475-1504), father of Juana
Isabel I - Queen of Castile (1474-1504), Queen consort of Aragon (1479-1504), mother of Juana
Philip - King of Castile (1506), husband of Juana
Catherine of Aragon - Queen consort of England (1509-33), sister of Juana, first wife of Henry VIII of England
Charles - King of Castile and Aragon (1516-66), Holy Roman Emperor (1519-56), son of Juana
Henry VIII (1509-47) was described by historian Simon Jenkins as the ‘Hercules of English history – part tyrant, part polymath, part renaissance prince, who tore up the Plantagenet rulebook’. He was a prolific builder of English monarchy giving the nation a new identity, free from the shackles of Rome. His impact on religion, on government and on society was unprecedented, leaving a significant imprint on 21st century Britain. His countless iniquitous deeds, his disastrous marriages and the gratuitous purges of his foes and friends alike have done more to amalgamate his greatness than to tarnish is colossal legacy.
CHARACTERS
Henry VIII – King of England
Catherine of Aragon – Queen of England
Anne Boleyn – Queen of England
Jane Seymour – Queen of England
Anne of Cleves – Queen of England
Catherine Howard – Queen of England
Catherine Parr – Queen of England
Henry VII – King of England (1485-1509), father of Henry VIII
Elizabeth of York – Queen of England, mother of Henry VIII
Prince Arthur – eldest son of Henry VII
Mary - Queen of France, daughter of Henry VII
Margaret Tudor – daughter of Henry VII, Queen of Scotland, wife of James IV
Princess Mary – daughter of Henry VIII and Catherine of Aragon
Princess Elizabeth – daughter of Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn
Prince Edward – son of Henry VIII and Jane Seymour
Thomas Wolsey – Lord Chancellor
Thomas More – Lord Chancellor
Thomas Cromwell – Chancellor of the Exchequer
Thomas Cranmer – Archbishop of Canterbury
Thomas Howard, duke of Norfolk – nobleman and uncle of Anne Boleyn and Catherine Howard
Anthony Denny – Groom of the stool to Henry VIII
Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson – financial agents of Henry VII
Martin Luther – leading figure of the Protestant Reformation
William Tyndale - leading figure of the Protestant Reformation
Robert Aske – lawyer and leader of the Pilgrimage of Grace
Margaret Pole – daughter of George, duke of Clarence
Elizabeth Blount – mistress of Henry VIII
Henry FitzRoy – illegitimate son of Henry VIII and Elizabeth Blount
Mary Boleyn – mistress of Henry VIII and sister of Anne
Thomas Culpeper – courtier of Henry VIII and associate of Catherine Howard
Francis Dereham - courtier and associate of Catherine Howard
Ferdinand II of Aragon – King of Aragon and Castile
Charles V – Holy Roman Emperor
Louis XII - King of France
Francis I – King of France
James IV – King of Scotland
James V – King of Scotland
Simon Jenkins – Historian
Thomas Wyatt – contemporary politician
Lord Mountjoy – contemporary
Characters referenced from the past
Edward III, King of England (1327-77)
Henry V, King of England (1413-22)
Edward IV, King of England (1461-70, 71-83)
George, duke of Clarence – brother of Edward IV
Thomas Becket – Archbishop of Canterbury under Henry II
CREDITS
John Dowland - The King of Denmark’s galliard
Tu es Petrus – Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina
Roxis boy – chain rattling
hinzebeat – plate with cutlery
kyles – window small trailer rv glass smash with an axe debris fall metal grill
bulbastre – wooden boat row water
arthni – clothing rustle
sagetyrtle – distant cheer
inspector – fireworks distant b
bockelsound – glas weinglas einschenken trinken abstellen
craigsmith – r09-12 wooden thuds and slams
1skyland – walking on grass
soundmary – wild horses running
danmitch3ll – distant horns
jergonda – hangmans rope
black snow – sword slice 5
ensasz – wooden door smash open
Jordishaw – stabbing sound
Tim Kahn - footsteps
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh was the longest serving consort in British history. His commitment was remarkable with over 22,000 royal engagements. If Queen Elizabeth II is remembered as the greatest monarch in British history, it will be largely due to the support of her husband Prince Philip. On their golden wedding anniversary in 1997 she said, ‘Philip is a man who doesn’t take too easily to compliments, he has quite simply been my strength and stay all these years and I and his family owe him a debt greater than he would ever claim or he shall ever know.’
CHARACTERS
Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh – consort of the United Kingdom, husband of Queen Elizabeth II
Princess Elizabeth/ Elizabeth II – Queen of the United Kingdom and 15 other Commonwealth realms (1952-present)
Prince Andrew of Greece and Denmark – father of Prince Philip
Princess Alice of Battenburg – mother of Prince Philip
Constantine I – King of Greece (1913-17, 1920-22) uncle of Prince Philip
George I – King of Greece (1863-1913), grandfather of Prince Philip
Louis Mountbatten – uncle of Prince Philip
Prince Charles, Princess Anne, Prince Andrew, Prince Edward – children of Elizabeth II and Prince Philip
Princess Margaret – sister of Elizabeth II
Princess Diana – former wife of Prince Charles
Prince William and Prince Harry – children of Prince Charles and Princess Diana
Camilla, duchess of Cornwall – second wife of Prince Charles
Meghan Markle – wife of Prince Harry
Kurt Hahn – headmaster of Gordonstoun
Victoria – Queen of United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland (1837-1901)
According to the chronicler Vergil, ‘Henry VII's (1485-1509) spirit was distinguished, wise and prudent; his mind was brave and resolute and it never, even at moments of great danger, deserted him’.
He was the last king to win the crown on the battlefield in one of the most significant moments in English history. But history does not remember him as a warrior but as a rather grey miser, as Vergil added, ‘all his virtues were obscured by avarice’.
He was the only Tudor to be omitted from Shakespeare’s plays yet by combining the white and red roses of York and Lancaster he brought an end to over 30 years of brutal civil war, to create a new flourishing hybrid, the Tudor rose, consolidating perhaps the most famous dynasty in English history.
CHARACTERS
Henry VII – King of England
Elizabeth of York – Queen of England
Prince Arthur – son of Henry and Elizabeth
Prince Henry – son of Henry and Elizabeth, future Henry VIII
Princess Katherine – daughter of Henry and Elizabeth
Margaret Beaufort – Mother of Henry VII
Edmund Tudor – Father of Henry VII
Jasper Tudor – Uncle of Henry VII
Owain Tudor – Grandfather of Henry VII
Catherine of Valois – Grandmother of Henry VII, former Queen of England and wife of Henry V
John de Vere, earl of Oxford – general loyal to Henry VII
William Stanley – general sometimes loyal to Henry VII
Henry Percy, the earl of Northumberland
Edward Plantagenet, earl of Warwick – son of George, duke of Clarence
Lambert Simnel – pretender to the throne, impersonated Edward Plantagenet
Perkin Warbeck - pretender to the throne, impersonated Richard of Shrewsbury
Margaret of Burgundy – sister of Edward IV, Richard III, duke of Clarence, aunt of Edward Plantagenet and Richard of Shrewsbury
John de la Pole – cousin of Edward Plantagenet
John Fisher – bishop of Rochester
Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson – financial agents of Henry VII
John Morton – financial agent and Archbishop of Canterbury
Francis II, duke of Brittany
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Isabella of Castile
Catherine of Aragon – wife of Prince Arthur
Maximilian – Holy Roman Emperor
James IV of Scotland
Gerald Fitzgerald, earl of Kildare and Lord Deputy of Ireland
Erasmus – Dutch philosopher and scholar of the Renaissance
John Colet – scholar and Renaissance humanist
Christopher Columbus – Italian explorer and navigator
John Cabot – Italian explorer and navigator
Vergil - Chronicler
Edward Hall - Chronicler
William Shakespeare - playwright
Edward III – King of England (1327-77)
Henry IV – King of England (1399-1413)
Henry V – King of England (1413-22)
Henry VI – King of England (1422-61, 70-71)
Edward IV – King of England (1461-70, 71-83)
Edward V – King of England (1483)
Richard III – King of England (1483-85)
John of Gaunt – son of Edward III
George, duke of Clarence – brother of Edward IV and Richard III
Richard of Shrewsbury – son of Edward IV
Richard, duke of York – Yorkist claimant and father of Edward IV
Owain Glyndwr – Welsh leader during War of Independence
Elizabeth Woodville – Queen of England, wife of Edward IV
Henry Stafford, duke of Buckingham – one-time ally of Richard III
CREDITS
John Dowland – Mistress Nichols Alman Lachrimae
Byrd – Ave Verum Corpus
Jergonda – hand mans rope
Falconbeard – short toed eagle call
Hazure – seagull
Jordishaw – stabbing sound
Tim Kahn – footsteps
liamg sfx – battle cry 4
soundmary – wild horses running
The Holocaust was and remains one of the most unique, horrific and incomprehensible events of modern History. In this very special episode, I explore the causes, context and realities of History’s greatest crime by interviewing the author Jeremy Dronfield about his book, The Sunday Times and Amazon No.1 Bestseller ‘The Boy Who Followed His Father Into Auschwitz’. I am joined by a fellow teacher and my friend Tom Ferry.
You can buy Jeremy's book through his website jeremydronfield.com and follow him on Twitter - @jeremydronfield The music was provided by Samuel J. Ferry - find him on Twitter - @sjferry Find the Kings and Queens Podcast on Twitter - @kingsqueenspod Finally, thank you to all the students who sent questions in for Jeremy.
Richard III (1483-85) has been portrayed as inhuman, tyrannical, treacherous and cruel. He had the monumental misfortune of character assassination by the dynasty that followed him determined to blacken his name. It will unquestionably be remembered as one of the most famous and consequential reigns in English history.
CHARACTERS
Richard III – King of England
Edward IV – King of England, brother of Richard
Edward V – King of England, son of Edward VI
Anne Neville – Queen of England, wife of Richard III
Elizabeth Woodville – Queen of England, wife of Edward IV
George, duke of Clarence – brother of Richard and Edward
Duke of York – Father of Richard
Cecily Neville – Mother of Richard
Prince Edward – son of Richard
Richard of Shrewsbury – son of Edward IV
Elizabeth of York – daughter of Edward IV
Henry VI – former Lancastrian King of England
Margaret – former Lancastrian Queen of England, wife of Henry VI
Earl of Warwick – nobleman nicknamed the Kingmaker
Earl Rivers – brother of Elizabeth Woodville, tutor and uncle of Edward V
Duke of Norfolk – loyalist of Richard
William Hastings – loyalist of Richard
Duke of Buckingham – loyalist of Richard
Ralph Shaa – pro-Ricardian theologian
Sir John Cheyne – knight loyal to Henry Tudor
William Brandon – Henry Tudor’s standard bearer
Earl of Oxford – commander loyal to Henry Tudor
William Colyngbourne – covert ally of Henry Tudor
Henry Percy – Earl of Northumberland
Thomas Stanley – Earl of Derby, husband of Margaret Beaufort
Charles VIII – King of France
Chroniclers
Dominic Mancini
Vergil
Francis Bacon
Commynes
Croyland
William Shakespeare – playwright of Tudor England
Characters from the past
Richard II – former King of England
Edward II – former King of England
John of Gaunt – son of Edward III and ancestor of the Lancastrian claimants
CREDITS
*Music: Winter Night by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License*
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
The Tudor Consort – 04 – Palestrina – Credo – Missa Sicut_lilium_inter_spinas
Alanmckinney – JCB operating on construction site
Black snow – sword slice
Soundmary – wild horses running
Dan Mitch3ll – distant horns
eneasz – wooden door smash open
metzik – medieval market
Omar Alvarado – five heavy knocks on bedroom door 2
lg – torrential rain
Edward V (1483) was intelligent, articulate and ready to make the giant leap from a fresh-faced prince to a wily, formidable medieval king but even before his coronation could take place a pernicious scheme was set to take it all away.
CHARACTERS
Edward V – King of England, son of Edward IV
Edward IV, King of England
Richard, duke of Gloucester – Edward IV’s brother, Edward V’s uncle
Richard of Shrewsbury – son of Edward IV, younger brother of Edward V
Elizabeth Woodville – Queen of England, wife of Edward IV, mother of Edward V and Richard of Shrewsbury
Earl Rivers – brother of Elizabeth Woodville, uncle of Edward V
William Hastings – nobleman and ally of Richard, duke of Gloucester
Duke of Buckingham – nobleman and ally of Richard duke of Gloucester
Ralph Shaa - theologian
Chroniclers
Dominic Mancini
Thomas More – Lord Chancellor and Renaissance humanist in Tudor England
Henry Gillingham
Henry VI – former King of England
Charles II – future King of England
CREDITS
*Music: Winter Song by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License*http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Ryanlouis – digging in rubble
spiritvoices - muffled girl
ondrosik – quiet session talk
bee09 – candle blow
danmitch3ll – distant horns
soundmary – wild horses running
eneasz – wooden door smash open
metzik – medieval market
Edward IV (1461-70, 71-83) represented everything Henry VI didn’t. He offered courage, leadership and political intelligence but his promiscuous lifestyle and the overestimation of the power of his charm meant he was exposed to the sinister 15th century culture of deceit and treachery.
CHARACTERS
Edward IV – King of England (House of York)
Elizabeth Woodville – Queen of England (House of York)
Henry VI – King of England (House of Lancaster)
Margaret of Anjou – Queen of England (House of Lancaster)
George, Duke of Clarence – Brother of Edward IV
Isabella Neville – Wife of the Duke of Clarence
Richard, Duke of Gloucester – Brother of Edward IV
Prince Edward – son of Henry VI (House of Lancaster)
Duke of York – Descendant of Edward III, father of Edward IV and claimant to the English throne through the house of York
Cecily Neville – mother of Edward IV
Henry Tudor – young claimant to the throne (House of Lancaster)
Earl of Warwick – powerful noble from the Neville family, nicknamed ‘the kingmaker’
Richard Woodville – father of Elizabeth and chancellor
John Woodville – brother of Elizabeth
Louis XI – King of France
Armagnacs – warring faction of the French Civil War and the hundred years war, fighting for the dauphin/Charles VII
Burgundians – Warring faction of the French civil war and the hundred years war, initially fighting for the English claim for France
Edward III – former king of England
John of Gaunt – son of Edward III, focus for future descendants and claimants for the house of Lancaster
Lionel, duke of Clarence - son of Edward III, focus for future descendants and claimants for the house of York
Richard II – former King of England
Henry IV – former king of England, grandfather of Henry VI
Colin Richmond – Historian
Phillip de Comine – Chronicler
Thomas More – Chronicler
Dominic Mancini - Chronicler
CREDITS
*Music: Prepare for war by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License*
Shades – laugh women
Audioman – multnomahfallsupperfallcalmwatertricklet
Gnrja – storm wind 2
zimbot – longbowvolleys
Soundmary – wild horses running
Metzik – medieval market
snaginneb – male grunt
danmitch3ll – distant horns
Henry VI (1422-61, 70-71) was the antithesis of a warrior king, he was the first since the Norman conquest never to command an army. Yet it was his incompetence and inertia that contributed to the unbridled, unparalleled bloodshed of his deeply turbulent reign.
CHARACTERS
Henry VI – King of England
Margaret of Anjou – Queen of England
Henry V – Father of Henry VI, former King of England
Catherine of Valois – Mother of Henry VI, former Queen of England
Prince Edward – son of Henry VI
John, Duke of Bedford – Regent of France under his nephew, Henry VI
Humphrey, duke of Gloucester – Regent of England under his nephew, Henry VI
Earl of Suffolk – stalwart of Henry VI
Duke of Somerset – stalwart of Henry VI
Duke of York – Descendant of Edward III, uncle of Henry VI and claimant to the English throne through the house of York
Edward – son of the duke of York
Jack Cade – Kentish rebel
Earl of Warwick – from the Neville family, loyal to the house of York
Charles VII – King of France
Joan of Arc – French peasant who supported Charles VII
Louis XI – King of France, son of Charles VII
Armagnacs – warring faction of the French Civil War and the hundred years war, fighting for the dauphin/Charles VII
Burgundians – Warring faction of the French civil war and the hundred years war, initially fighting for the English claim for France
Charles VI – King of France, father of Charles VII and Catherine of Valois
Edward III – former king of England
John of Gaunt – son of Edward III, focus for future descendants and claimants for the house of Lancaster
Lionel, duke of Clarence - son of Edward III, focus for future descendants and claimants for the house of York
Richard II – former King of England
Henry IV – former king of England, grandfather of Henry VI
Robin Storey – historian
John Wythensteed – chronicler
CREDITS
*Music: Now we ride by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License*
Shades – laugh women
Audioman – multnomahfallsupperfallcalmwatertricklet
Gnrja – storm wind 2
zimbot – longbowvolleys
Soundmary – wild horses running
Metzik – medieval market
snaginneb – male grunt
danmitch3ll – distant horns
Picking up the reins of a deeply fractured country, Henry V (1413-22) transformed it into a united, dominant force. He believed strongly in the divine right of kingship and used it to reignite the hundred years war. Beloved and revered by future kings, his success in all facets of rule is unparalleled. According to historian KB McFarlane, he was perhaps the greatest man who ever ruled England.
CHARACTERS
Henry V – King of England
Henry IV – Henry V’s father, King of England
Richard II – King of England, Henry V’s cousin
Edward III – King of England, great-grandfather of Henry V
Prince Henry – son of Henry V and future Henry VI
Catherine of Valois – Queen of England, wife of Henry V
Mary de Bohun – former Queen of England, mother of Henry V
John, Thomas, Humphrey – brothers of Henry V
Charles VI – King of France, nicknamed the ‘mad king’
The dauphin – son of the king of France and heir
The Burgundians and the Armagnacs – rival factions seeking power in France
Edmund Mortimer the elder – cousin of Henry IV and claimant to his crown
Edmund Mortimer the younger – Nephew of Edmund Mortimer and potential claimant to Henry V’s crown
Owain Glyndwr – Welsh leader and rebel under Henry IV
Harry Hotspur – Rebel under Henry IV, tutor to Henry V
Richard Scrope – Archbishop of York, rebel under Henry IV
The Lollards – Religious sect critical of the Roman Catholic church
John Oldcastle – leader of the Lollards
Thomas Walsingham – Chronicler and Benedictine monk
Characters mentioned from the past
Henry II – King of England in the 12th century
Richard the lionheart – King of England in the 12th century
CREDITS
*Music: Mjolnir by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License*
Music: Gavin Gamboa 08 – Duplex iii
Metzik – medieval market
mativve – mud leaves walking heavy shoe
zimbot – longbowvolleys
soundflakes – axe throwing hitting flesh
dobroide – horse at walk
visualaslyum – unsheathing a sword
DESCRIPTION
The manner of Henry IV’s (1399-1413) ascent not only consumed the king with almighty guilt for the rest of his life, accusations of his illegitimacy completely dominated his reign. So deep was the rift, so potent was the suspicion and so rampant was the opportunism that it served as a precursor for the violent theatre of the war of the roses.
CHARACTERS
Henry IV – King of England
Richard II – King of England, Henry VI’s cousin
The Black Prince – Father of Richard II
Edward III – King of England, father of the Black Prince and grandfather of Henry IV and Richard II
John of Gaunt – Duke of Lancaster, father of Henry VI
Blanche of Lancaster – Mother of Henry VI
Prince Henry – son of Henry IV and the future Henry V
Rebels
Edmund Mortimer – cousin of Henry IV and claimant
Owain Glyndwr – Welsh leader
Earl of Northumberland
Harry ‘Hotspur – son of the earl
Richard Scrope – Archbishop of York
Lords Appellant – group of nobles who sought to restrict rule of Richard II and impeach his favourites at court. Included Henry and Thomas Mowbray
The Lollards – critics of the Roman Catholic church
Thomas Walsingham – Chronicler and Benedictine monk
William Rees - Historian
Characters mentioned from the past
Saint Thomas Becket – Archbishop of Canterbury assassinated apparently on the orders of King Henry II in 1170.
King William the Conqueror
King Henry I
King Henry II
King Edward I – longshanks
King Edward II
Matilda – daughter of Henry I and claimant to the English throne
CREDITS
*Music: Grundar by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License*
Danmitch3ll – distant horns
rickaldo09 – olive oil
xserra – notre dame paris 1
Soundmary – wild horses running
zimbot – longbowvolleys
An era of camaraderie, chivalry and glory was a distant memory. Richard II's (1377-99) reign demonstrated just how rapidly tethered royal powers of post-Magna Carta could be dashed, how deep schisms could be dug and how susceptible England still was to absolute tyranny.
CHARACTERS
Richard II – King of England
The Black Prince – Father of Richard II
Edward III – King of England, father of the Black Prince and grandfather of Richard II
John of Gaunt – Duke of Lancaster, son of Edward III, uncle of Richard II
Robert de Vere – earl of Oxford, companion of Richard II
Michael de la Pole – Chancellor, companion of Richard II
Anne of Bohemia – Queen of England, wife of Richard II
Edward II – King of England, father of Edward III
Edward the Confessor – King of England in the 11th century
Lords Appellant – group of nobles who sought to restrict rule ofRichard II and impeach his favourites at court
Duke of Gloucester – son of Edward III
Earl of Arundel
Earl of Warwick
Thomas Mowbray
Henry Bolingbroke – cousin of Richard II, son of John of Gaunt
John Wycliffe – leader of the lollards – critics of the Catholic church
John Ball – radical priest and leader of the Peasant’s revolt
Wat Tyler – Kentish leader of the Peasant’s revolt
Jack Straw – Essex leader of the Peasant’s revolt
Thomas Walsingham – Chronicler and Benedictine monk
Simon Burley – Tutor of Richard II
CREDITS
*Music: Blacksmith by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License*
Metzik – medieval market
Tim Kahn – Cheering
Sergenious – bridge
Tim Kahn – cupboard creak
Juan merie venter – cupboard door
soundsforhim – knife sword stab 2
Juan merie venter – dog bark
Edward III (1327-77) combined the regal majesty of Henry the third and the military prowess of Edward longshanks in marshaling the cult of chivalry. It produced the most glorious age in English history.
CHARACTERS
Kings of England
Edward III
Edward II – Father of Edward III
Edward I (Longshanks) – Father of Edward II
Henry III – Father of Edward I (Longshanks)
John – Father of Henry III
Richard the Lionheart – Brother of John
Queen Philippa – Wife of Edward III
Queen Isabella – Mother of Edward III and wife of Edward II
Roger Mortimer – lover of Isabella, earl of March and de facto ruler of England
Edward of Woodstock (The Black Prince) – son of Edward III
John of Gaunt – son of Edward III
William Montagu – friend of Edward III
Thomas, earl of Lancaster
Richard of Bordeaux – son of Edward of Woodstock (The Black Prince)
Scotland Robert the Bruce – King of Scots
David Bruce – King of Scots, son of Robert
Edward Balliol – King of Scots, son of John
John Balliol – King of Scots
Kings of France
Charles V
John II
Philip VI
Charles IV
Chroniclers
Henry Knighton
Jean le Bel
Jean de Vallette
King of Bohemia
CREDITS
Music: Celebration by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com) Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Akrythael – bard melody
Sergenious – bridge
aarnnoo – woman crying
enaesz – wooden door smash open
soundmary – wild horses running
danmitch3ll – distant horns
vedas – fight fighting men
liamg sfx – battle cry 4
zimbot – longbow volleys
I interview Heather Darsie about her new book - 'Anna, Duchess of Cleves: The King's Beloved Sister'. We talk about her life as a young princess before becoming the Queen and wife of the King of England, the mighty Henry VIII.
You can buy her book here - https://www.amazon.co.uk/Anna-Duchess-Cleves-Beloved-Sister/dp/1445677105
You can follow her on twitter here - @HRDarsieHistory
Edward II's (1307-27) reign was plagued with military and political incompetence. He was concerned not with the deeds of chivalry but in fulfilling his own desires. So dangerous were the men he allowed to control him that it bred a sinister and violent culture not seen in England for centuries.
Characters
Edward II - King of England
Edward I (longshanks) - Father of Edward II and former King of England
Isabella of France - Queen of England, Princess and daughter of Phillip IV, King of France
Henry III - Father of Edward I and former King of England
Piers Gaveston - Gason noble, earl of Cornwall and favourite of the King
Earl of Lancaster - the King's cousin and a powerful noble
Roger Mortimer - noble and ally of the earl of Lancaster
Robert the Bruce - King of Scots
Simon de Montfort - revolutionary noble from Henry III's court
Giles d'Argentan - legendary knight
Despenser senior and Despenser junior - nobles and favourites of the King
Prince Edward - Edward II's son and heir
Phillipa of Hainault - betrothed to Prince Edward
Christopher Marlowe - Elizabethan playwright
CREDITS
*Music: Borgar by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License*
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ *soundsnap.com
freesound.org*leady – horse scene
jgriffie919 – blunt force impact
kessir – wooden spinning wheel
dobroide – 20070325 – distant neigh mono
soundflakes – spear penetration
erikschenkel – laughing man 4
klankbeeld – audience becomes quiet 130525
dbkeebler – sfx struggle
sinewave – rowing
robinhood76_01741 – tortured man
danmitch3ll – distant horns
mrprofdrdickweed – riot crowd immersed in 5
tomlija – epic laughter
ogsoundfx – footsteps walking in chainmail loop
craftcrest – strong wind in the winter forest the sound of moving trees front
soundflakes – axe throwing hitting flesh
Edward I – Longshanks (1272-1307) is one of the most important monarchs in English history. No other king left such a mark on the island of Britain. There were no bounds to his determination and to his malice. He treated Celts with belligerence sapping his own reign of wealth and peace. His reign saw the demolition of the last Welsh principality and brought Scotland to its knees.
CHARACTERS
Edward I – King of England
Eleanor of Castile – Queen of England
Edward of Caernarfon – the son of Edward I and the heir to the throne of England
King Henry III – The old king and father of Edward I
Simon de Montfort – rebel baron in the reign of Henry III
Llywelyn ap Gruffudd – The Prince of Wales
Dafydd ap Gruffydd – the brother of Llewelyn and briefly Prince of Wales
John Balliol – King of Scotland
Robert Bruce – Claimant to the throne
William Wallace – Rebel to English rule and Guardian of Scotland
Andrew Moray – Scottish rebel to English rule
Earl of Surrey – English commander at Stirling Bridge
Hugh de Cressingham – English commander and treasurer in Scotland
Robert the Bruce – Son of Robert Bruce and later King of Scots
Robert Burns – 18th century Scottish poet and lyricist
CREDITS
Music: Norôur *by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License*
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
*Freesound.org
Dobroide – horse at walk
Soundmary – wild horses running
Visualasylum – unsheathing a sword
Vedas – fighting men
Metzik – medieval market
Mrprofdickweed – riot crowd immersed in 5
Samulis – chain rustler med3
Cgeffex – chopping wood 02
Jordishaw – stabbing sound
Ajexk – beheading – sfx 2
Inspectorej – tearing newspaper b
Ogsoundsfx – footsteps walking in chainmail loop
Zimbot – longbowvolleys
Ylearkisto – rajahdys Kallio rajaytetaan explosion a rock blasting stones pattering mix*
soundsnap.com
Henry III (1216-72) was not cut from the same cloth as his belligerent predecessors. He was placid, he hated tournaments and grew to hate war. He was known to made bold ambitious policy pronouncements but to lack the drive and determination to see them through. It was his relationship with lords and barons that would characterise his reign releasing his own predilection for tyranny. It would bolster his critics as Magna Carta was etched into history and England saw the dawn of parliamentary democracy.
CREDITS
Village Consort Kevin MacLeod (incompetech.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons: By Attribution 3.0 License
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Soundmary - wild horses running
Srehpog – heavy crate smash
Mrprofdrdickweed – riot crowd immersed in 5
Zerolagtime – thuds on window
Glaneur de sons – riviere river
504636 – d1523825-2
139875__y89312_2
Metzik – medieval market
In an extra episode we look at Michael (1927-30, 40-47)
With Soviet troops approaching Bucharest in 1944, the apparent puppet king in Romania made a daring decision to defy Adolf Hitler and imprison his acolyte. After Soviet rule left Romania in decades of shadow, the king’s body was returned to his country 70 years after his banishment for full state honours.
John (1199-1216) was described by historian Bishop Stubbs as ‘the very worst of our kings, a faithless son, treacherous brother, polluted with every crime. Whom no oaths could bind, there is no redeeming trait’. For Robin Hood he was the perfect iniquitous enemy. It’s a tale, popular throughout the centuries, that reflects his reputation among most contemporaries and historians alike.
Credits
Gregorian Chant by Kevin MacLeod
Link: https://incompetech.filmmusic.io/song/3825-gregorian-chant
License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Soundmary – wildhorses
Srehpog – light crate smash2
Ogsoundfx – footsteps walking in chainmail loop
Danmitch3ll – distant horns
Vedas – fight fighting men
Metzik – medieval market
The reign of Richard the Lionheart (1189-99) was a brief but costly interlude in English monarchy characterised by war and chivalry. He would not continue his father’s legacy of law and order, instead the Lionheart was transfixed by honour and conquest. He was a masterful campaigner and a fine soldier who struck terror into the hearts of his enemies, but his conquests would come at a tremendous cost to his people both financially and with the leader to which his empire would be bequeathed.
Credits
*Music: Battle of the Creek by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License*
freesound.org
Soundmary – wildhorses
Jordishaw – stabbing sound
Srehpog – light crate smash 2
Ogsoundfx – footsteps walking in chainmail loop
Vedas – fight fighting men
Ajexk – beheading 1 & 2
Zimbot – longbowvolleys
Metzik – medieval market
Liamg-sfx – battle cry 4
Henry II (1154-89) was the absolute image of a king, he was thick set, red-haired, strong, broad and powerful. As a contemporary claimed, he had a face upon which a man might gaze a thousand times and still feel drawn to gaze again. His accomplishments during his 34-year reign were unmatched in English history, he was Europe’s trailblazer.
CREDITS
Editing – Richard Gough Thomas
sofonisbamusic – Trinity College Cambridge - Miserere, Gregorio Allegri
visualasylum – unsheathing a short
soundmary – wild horses running
bone666138 – fanfare
jordishaw – stabbing sound
klankbeeld – choir singing christe adoramus te
cgeffex – whip crack 01
xserra – notre dame paris 1
vedas – fight fighting men
ogsoundfx – footsteps walking in chainmail
King Stephen’s reign (1135-1154) was dominated by The Anarchy. A war between cousins vying for the crown which plagued England for nearly two decades. It led a country once rich and overflowing with luxuries into one that was wretched and desolate.
CHARACTERS
Stephen – King of England
Matilda of Boulogne – Queen of England, wife of Stephen
Henry of Blois – brother of Stephen, bishop of Winchester
Eustace – son of Stephen
Empress Matilda – daughter of Henry I, main claimant to the English throne
Geoffrey Plantagenet – husband of Empress Matilda, count of Anjou
Henry Plantagenet – son of Empress Matilda
Henry I – King of England (1100-35)
Adelaide (Adeliza) of Louvrain – 2nd wife of Henry I, stepmother of Empress Matilda
Robert Curthose – brother of Henry I, eldest son of William the Conqueror
David I – King of Scotland
Louis VII – King of France
Ranulf – earl of Chester
Robert Fitzhubert – mercenary
Robert – earl of Gloucester, illegitimate son of Henry I
William I (The conqueror) – King of England (1066-87), grandfather of Stephen
William of Malmesbury – chronicler
John Gillingham – chronicler
Gusta Stephani – chronicler
William of Newburgh - chronicler
Credits
Kevin McLeod - Teller of Tales (incompetech.com)
Danmitche3ll - distant horns
Soundflakes – axe throwing hitting flesh
Liamg sfx – battle cry 4
Soundmary – wild horses running
73181 lg – torrential rain
Lukeirl – 10 lightning kohchang
Richard Gough Thomas - editing
(1100-35) 'Against this man, no one could prevail except God himself’. The skillful, intelligent monarch championed not crushing warfare and submission but calming, shrewd diplomacy to meet his objectives. However, the nature of kingship and volatility of medieval life meant control over his biggest objective was dashed.
CHARACTERS
Henry I – King of England
Matilda of Scotland – first wife of Henry I
Adelaide of Louvrain – second wife of Henry I
William II (Rufus) – King of England (1087-1100), brother of Henry I
Robert Curthose – duke of Normandy, brother of Henry I
William I (The Conqueror) – King of England (1066-87), father of Henry I
Matilda of Falaise – mother of Henry I
William Adelin – eldest son of Henry I, duke of Normandy
Matilda – only legitimate daughter of Henry I, Holy Roman Empress
Geoffrey Plantagenet – second husband of Empress Matilda, count of Anjou
Juliane – illegitimate daughter of Henry I
Eustace – husband of Juliane
William Clito – son of Robert Curthose
Ranulf Flambard – Bishop of Durham and favourite of William II
Edgar the Aetheling – claimant to the English throne
Stephen of Blois – nephew of Henry I
Anselm – Archbishop of Canterbury
Roger of Salisbury – Lord chancellor
Alfred the Great – King of Wessex (886-899)
Edward the Confessor – King of England (1042-66)
Harold II (Godwinson) – King of England (1066)
William of Malmesbury – chronicler
Henry of Huntingdon - chronicler
Credits
Music: Entertainment by Alexander Nakarada (www.serpentsoundstudios.com)
Licensed under Creative Commons BY Attribution 4.0 License
Freesound.org
xserra – Notre-dame-paris
soundmary – wild-horses-running
yadronoff – axe chop
inspectorj – water pouring
tomlija – epic laughter
huggy13ear – rope pull 2
johnsonbrandediting – human male scream
William Rufus (1087-1100) was a king who shared many of the militaristic and oppressive tendencies of his conquering father, however the focus of his tyranny would differ. His modernity and defiance of rigid medieval etiquette along with his mockery and general disregard for the church would deeply damage his legacy when the very victims of his greed and ridicule became the scribes of his reign as King of England.
Hosted by Jonny Langton.
CHARACTERS
William II (Rufus) – King of England
Robert Curthose – elder brother of William II, duke of Normandy
Henry Beauclerk – younger brother of William II
Matilda of Falaise – mother of William II
William I (the Conqueror) – King of England (1066-87)
Odo – Bishop of Bayeux, uncle of William II
Robert de Mowbray – earl of Northumbria, rebel
Malcolm III – King of Scotland
Edgar the Aetheling – claimant to the English throne
Stephen – count of Aumale
William – count of Eu
Urban II – the pope
Ranulf Flambard – bishop of Durham, favourite of William II
Lanfranc – Archbishop of Canterbury (1070-89)
Anselm – Archbishop of Canterbury (1093-1109)
Walter Tirel – nobleman
William of Malmesbury – chronicler
Orderic Vitalis – chronicler
Eadmer of Canterbury – chronicler
Credits
freesound.org
Vedas – fight-fighting men
Liamg sfx – battle cry 4
Jordishaw – stabbing sound
The Medieval Banquet - Silvermansound
William the Conqueror’s (1066-87) arrival on England’s shores shook the land to its very core. No leader left such a perennial legacy upon England as William the Conqueror. The language and the culture would be forever altered as the Norman conquest eviscerated Saxon civilisation. Discover the story of the young duke who went from an enduring a childhood with a target on his back in a crumbling duchy to being the most influential and significant figure in the 11th century.
CHARACTERS
William I – King of England, Duke of Normandy
Matilda of Flanders – wife of William I
Robert I – Duke of Normandy, father of William I
Herleva of Falaise – mother of William I
Robert II – Archbishop of Rouen, Regent for William in Normandy
Osbern – Steward of the Dukes of Normandy
Odo – Bishop of Bayeux, half-brother of William I
Henry I – King of France (1031-60)
Philip I – King of France (1060-1108)
Guy of Burgundy – cousin of William and claimant of the duchy of Normandy
Edward the Confessor – King of England (1042-66)
Harold II (Godwinson) – King of England (1066)
Harald Hardrada – King of Norway and claimant to the English throne
Edgar the Aetheling – claimant to the English throne
Edwin and Morcar – rebels in Mercia
Sweyn II – King of Denmark and claimant to the English throne
Robert Curthose – eldest son of William I
William Rufus – second eldest son of William I
Orderic Vitalis – chronicler and Benedictine monk
Hosted by Jonny Langton
A new King or Queen every week!
Twitter - @kingsqueenspod
Facebook – The Kings and Queens podcast
Credits –
www.soundsnap.com
www.freesound.org
soundmary – wild-horses-running
xserra – Notre-dame-paris
danmitch3ll – distant-horns
yap-audio-production – medievalarmymarchingloop
zimbot – longbowvolleys
humanoide9000 – orchestral-royal-theme-fanfare
www.freemusicarchive.org.uk
The_Tudor_Consort_-_04_-_Palestrina_-_Credo_-_Missa_Sicut_lilium_inter_spinas
The trailer for the upcoming first episode of The Kings and Queens podcast. Coming to you on Friday 17th April. @kingaqueenspod and on Facebook.
For 1000 years, the Kings and Queens have forged and shaped the land, from England to the United Kingdom. Delve into their fascinating, individual stories; from the chivalric warriors, to the hungry war-mongers to the nefarious tyrants. Discover the monarchs at their most prestigious and most fragile.
Hosted by Jonny Langton
A new King or Queen every week!
Twitter - @kingsqueenspod
Facebook – The Kings and Queens podcast