Thinking in English

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Today I want to talk about Artificial Intelligence and its likely impact on language learning and language learners. To do this, we need to understand the first conditional and know how to use the first conditional in real life situations.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/09/30/ai-and-language-learning-the-first-conditional-english-grammar-lesson/

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Negotiations are important parts of our lives, whether we are buying a house, asking for a higher salary, or trying to convince your family to go on vacation.

Today let’s take a look at negotiations. We’ll discuss different types of negotiation, some of the key negotiation theories, and think about how we can negotiate in English!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/09/16/313-how-to-negotiate-in-english-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Negotiate (Verb): To discuss something in order to reach an agreement.
Terms (Noun): The conditions under which an agreement is made.
Offer (Noun): A proposal presented for acceptance or rejection.
Contract (Noun): A written or spoken agreement that is intended to be enforceable by law.
Party (Noun): The people or groups involved in a legal agreement or negotiation.
Dialogue (Noun): A conversation between two or more people, especially as a feature of negotiation.
Compromise (Noun): An agreement or settlement of a dispute that is reached by each side making concessions.

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After 6 years of studying, I finally passed the Japanese Language Proficiency Test N2 level.

Today, I want to share with you how I prepared for the exam, how I learned from my previous failure in 2022, and talk about the successes I had and the mistakes I made this time round.

Hopefully this episode will be interesting and useful to anyone out there thinking about taking an English exam in the future!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/09/23/314-i-took-a-language-proficiency-test-here-is-how-i-passed-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Proficiency (n.): A high degree of competence or skill
Immersion (n.): Learning a language or subject by being completely surrounded by it.
Curriculum (n.): A set of courses, and their content, offered at a school or university.
In the Lead-Up to (phr.): The period of time just before an event or activity
Exposure (n.): The experience of something, often for the first time, that leads to learning.
Mock Test (n.): A practice test taken to simulate the conditions and timing of an actual exam.
Consistent (adj.): Done in the same way over time

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Beginning in the late 1950s, the USA and USSR began an intense competition to reach outer space. The Space Race, as it became known, led to technological achievements and milestones in human history.

Today, let’s discuss the space race, the first humans in space and on the moon, the new space race that is developing right now, and learn some useful space related vocabulary!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/09/09/312-the-space-race-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Orbit (noun/verb): The curved path of an object or spacecraft around a star, planet, or moon.
Lunar (adjective): Relating to the moon.
Satellite (noun): A man-made object placed in orbit around a planet, moon, or star.
To launch (verb): To send a spacecraft, missile, or other object into the air or space.
Civilian (noun/adjective): A person not in the armed services or the police force; relating to non-military purposes.
Spacewalk (noun): An activity where an astronaut moves outside their spacecraft while in space.
Milestone (noun): A significant stage or event in the development or progress of something.

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If you had the opportunity to change your career right now, what would you do? If you had the qualifications or skills, which job would you be interested in trying out? If you were financially stable, would you start your own business?

Today, I want to talk about the possibility of changing careers and jobs and talk about these kinds of hypothetical situations! At the same time, let’s practice or learn how to use the second conditional grammar in a real-life situation.

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/09/02/dreaming-of-a-career-change-the-second-conditional-english-grammar-lesson-2/

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Debating is an excellent way of practicing English. It forces you to present information and arguments in English, it challenges your listening comprehension, and it helps you to communicate confidently.

This episode explains the concept of a debate, talks about how debates are structures, and introduces some really useful vocabulary and phrases!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/08/26/311-how-to-debate-in-english-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

To rebut (verb): To refute or disprove an argument or claim.
Persuade (verb): To cause someone to do something through reasoning or argument.
Affirmative (adjective): Agreeing with or supporting a statement or request.
Counterargument (noun): An argument or set of reasons put forward to oppose an idea or theory developed in another argument.
Statement (noun): A clear expression of something in speech or writing.
Structure (noun): The arrangement or organization of something.
To present (verb): To show or display something, especially formally.

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Pizza is one of the most popular foods around the world, but home much do you know about its history?

Today, we’ll look at how pizza evolved from ancient flatbreads to a food for working people in Naples, to a globally popular dish!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/08/19/310-history-of-pizza-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Flatbread (noun): A type of bread made with flour, water, and salt, and then rolled into flattened dough.
Topping (noun): Food items added on top of a dish.
Peasant (noun): A poor person of low social status who owns or rents a small piece of land for cultivation.
Ingredient (noun): Any of the foods or substances that are combined to make a particular dish.
Speciality (noun): A dish that a restaurant or region is famous for.
Endorse (verb): To declare one's public approval or support of something.

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A recent report has revealed that the UK sugar tax introduced in 2018 has been very effective at reducing the amount of sugar consumed by both adults and children in the country.

Today, I’d like to take a deeper look at sugar taxes. What are they? How do they work? Where are they used? Are sugar taxes good? Or bad? Or should they be even more extensive?

Let’s discuss this today!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/08/12/309-what-are-sugar-taxes-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Levy (noun): An extra tax or fee imposed by the government.
Consume (verb): To eat, drink, or use up a product.
Consumer (noun): A person who purchases goods and services for personal use.
Disparity (noun): A great difference.
Incentivize (verb): To provide an incentive for doing something.
Reduction (noun): The action or fact of making something smaller or less in amount, degree, or size.
Intake (noun): An amount of food, air, or another substance taken into the body.

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Should voting be compulsory? Is voting a right or a privilege? Should there be a maximum voting age? Who should be allowed to vote?

Let’s discuss some of these major questions and debates in today’s episode of Thinking in English!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/08/05/308-who-should-be-allowed-to-vote-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Ballot (Noun): A process of voting, in writing and typically in secret.
Referendum (Noun): A general vote on a single political question which has been referred to them for a direct decision.
Representative (Noun): A person chosen or appointed to act or speak for others, in particular in a legislative assembly.
Suffrage (Noun): The right to vote in political elections.
Privilege (Noun): A special right or advantage granted or available only to a particular person or group.
Duty (Noun): A moral or legal obligation; a responsibility.
Compulsory (Adjective): Required by law or a rule; obligatory.

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Julian Assange, founder of WikiLeaks and leaker of government secrets, has been in the news again recently as he tries to stop his extradition to the USA.

Reading about Assange made think in general about whistleblowers. What is a whistleblower? Is Julian Assange actually a whistleblower, or is he something different? And are people who reveal secret information heroes or villains?

Let’s discuss this, and learns some very useful legal vocabulary, in today’s episode of Thinking in English!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/07/29/307-what-is-a-whistleblower-are-whistleblowers-heroes-or-villains-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Extradition (noun): The process of sending someone from one country to another to face criminal charges.
Classified (adjective): Officially secret and accessible only to authorized people.
To accuse (verb): To charge someone with an offense or crime.
Whistleblower (noun): A person who exposes information or activity within an organization that they believe to be illegal, unethical, or not correct.
Hacking (noun): The act of gaining unauthorized access to data in a system or computer.
To leak (verb): To intentionally disclose confidential information to the public.
To expose (verb): To reveal or make something known that was previously hidden or secret.

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What is the smallest and least valuable coin used in your country? Could you imagine your currency without that coin? Should we remove these small value coins from our money?

Let’s discuss this topic, while learning lots of economic vocabulary, in today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/07/22/306-pennies-cents-and-small-change-a-waste-of-money-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Penny (Noun): A small denomination coin worth one cent in the US or one pence in the UK.
Coin (Noun): A small, flat, round piece of metal used as money.
Currency (Noun): The system of money in general use in a particular country.
Denomination (Noun): The value assigned to a particular coin or note.
Circulation (Noun): The availability of money or coins in use within an economy.
To round (Verb): Adjusting a number to the nearest higher (round up) or lower value (round down).
Cumulative (Adjective): Gradually increasing or growing by successive additions.

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The 2024 Paris Olympic games will start on July 26th, and for the first time breaking will be included as an official sport.Breaking, a form of competitive street dance, may not be exactly what you imagine when you think of the Olympics. So, today, I want to take a look at how breaking evolved alongside Hip-hop music on the streets of New York city, and then discuss how it ended up being selected as an Olympic discipline.At the same time, we’ll learn some useful breaking related vocabulary!Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/07/15/305-how-did-breaking-become-an-olympic-sport-english-vocabulary-lesson/My Links⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TEST YOUR ENGLISH LEVEL - https://thinkinginenglish.link/placement-level-test/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thinking in English Bonus Podcast - https://www.patreon.com/collection/10513⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠NEW YOUTUBE Channel!!! - https://www.youtube.com/@thinkinginenglishpodcast ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠INSTAGRAM - thinkinginenglishpodcast (https://www.instagram.com/thinkinginenglishpodcast/) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Blog - https://www.thinkinginenglish.blog⁠VOCABULARY LIST • Acrobatic (Adjective): Relating to or involving spectacular gymnastic feats. • Break (Noun): In music, a brief, instrumental section within a song where the vocals are absent, often used for dancing. • Hip-hop (Noun): a genre of popular music, also known as rap. • Discipline (Noun): In sports, a specific category or field of competition. • Mainstream (Adjective): The ideas, attitudes, or activities that are regarded as normal or conventional; belonging to the dominant trend in opinion, fashion, or the arts. • Musicality (Noun): Sensitivity to, knowledge of, or talent for music; the quality of being musical. • Agility (Noun): The ability to move quickly and easily.--- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thinking-english/support

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Simple English News Daily - https://www.send7.org/Listen to SEND7 Podcast on Spotify - https://open.spotify.com/show/4QctJjCUuHefLzeZWDoXqc?si=e596ba15f03f4d9aMacedonia is one of the most controversial names in Europe, perhaps even in the world. The country now known as North Macedonia and Greece, home to the region called Macedonia, have had a bitter dispute over the name since the early 1990s.Today, I want to look at they Macedonia is so controversial. We’ll discuss the Ancient Greek Kingdom of Macedonia and its famous leader Alexander the Great. We’ll talk about how two Macedonia’s appeared in modern geography. And we’ll consider why Greece and North Macedonia are so passionate about the name!Listen to this episode to learn more about this issue while practicing your comprehension and English vocabulary!Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/07/08/304-why-is-macedonia-such-a-controversial-name-english-vocabulary-lesson/My Links⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TEST YOUR ENGLISH LEVEL - https://thinkinginenglish.link/placement-level-test/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thinking in English Bonus Podcast - https://www.patreon.com/collection/10513⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠NEW YOUTUBE Channel!!! - https://www.youtube.com/@thinkinginenglishpodcast ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠INSTAGRAM - thinkinginenglishpodcast (https://www.instagram.com/thinkinginenglishpodcast/) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Blog - https://www.thinkinginenglish.blog⁠VOCABULARY LIST Dispute (noun): A disagreement or argument about something important. Kingdom (noun): A country, state, or territory ruled by a king or queen. Slavic (adjective): Relating to the peoples of Eastern Europe who speak Slavic languages. Identity (noun): The fact of being who or what a person or thing is; a sense of self. Heritage (noun): the cultural traditions passed down from previous generations. Bitter (adjective): refers to a conflict characterized by strong emotions and resentment. Recognise (verb): acknowledge the existence, validity, or legality of.--- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thinking-english/support

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Today, I want to talk about the truth behind learning styles. We’ll discuss why learning style theories, including the idea that you are a visual or kinaesthetic learner, or not evidence or science based.

We’ll talk about the problems and flaws in learning style theories, and I’ll end with some recommendations for all of you listening!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/07/01/303-the-truth-behind-learning-styles-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Tailor (Verb): To adapt or modify to suit a particular need or condition.
Visual (Adjective): Related to seeing.
Kinaesthetic (Adjective): Related to physical activity and hands-on learning.
Hands-on (Adjective): Involving active participation and practical experience.
Flawed (Adjective): Having imperfections or weaknesses.
Satisfaction (Noun): Fulfilment of one's wishes, expectations, or needs.
Multifaceted (Adjective): Having many aspects or sides.

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Who will be the next Prime Minister of the United Kingdom?

This episode will introduce the two leading candidates, their political parties, and the kind of policies they will likely use in their campaigns.

Listen to learn about British politics and pick up some useful vocabulary!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/06/24/302-who-will-be-the-next-prime-minister-of-the-united-kingdom-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Candidate (Noun): A person who is running for a political office.
Conservative Party (Proper Noun): A major right-wing political party in the UK, also known as the Tories.
Labour Party (Proper Noun): A major left-wing political party in the UK.
Inflation (Noun): The rate at which the general level of prices for goods and services rises, causing purchasing power to fall.
Brexit (Noun): The withdrawal of the United Kingdom from the European Union.
Polling (Noun): The process of voting in an election or the process of conducting surveys to measure public opinion.
Immigration (Noun): The action of coming to live permanently in a foreign country.

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On July 4th, 2024, the UK will hold a general election to elect a new government, parliament, and Prime Minister.

In this episode, I want to provide a detailed and thorough explanation and introduction to how elections work in the United Kingdom!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/06/17/301-uk-general-election-explained-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Prime Minister (noun): The head of government in a parliamentary system who is responsible for running the government.
Parliament (noun): The supreme legislative body in a country, made up of elected representatives who make and pass laws.
Election (noun): A formal process by which voters choose individuals to hold public office.
Government (noun): The governing body of a nation, responsible for making and enforcing laws and policies.
Vote (verb): To cast a ballot in an election.
Constituency (noun): A geographical area represented by an elected official in a legislative body.
Campaign (verb): To work actively to promote a candidate, cause, or policy.

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After 300 main episodes of Thinking in English, it is finally time to talk about the problem of the thinking in different languages, including English!We’ll discuss the definition of thinking, talk about whether you need language to think, consider whether thinking in English (or any language) is possible for people without a “voice in their head”, and end with a discussion on how you can start thinking in English and whether you actually should!This has been one of the most requested topics of all time, so I hope you enjoy listening!!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/06/10/300-how-to-think-in-english-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Conscious (Adjective): Aware of and responding to one's surroundings; awake.
Neuroscientist (Noun): A scientist who studies the brain and nervous system.
Stroke (Noun): A medical condition in which poor blood flow to the brain results in cell death.
Visualise (Verb): Form a mental image of something; imagine.
Inner monologue (Noun): The internal dialogue one has with oneself in one's mind.
Polyglot (Noun): A person who knows and is able to use several languages.

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You might not have heard about the Chagos Islands, but I think it is a story everyone should know.

It is a story that involves colonialism, the construction of a secretive military base, and the entire population of the islands being forcibly removed from their homes and kicked out of their islands by the UK government.

Hopefully you’ll learn something new today!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/06/03/299-what-are-the-chagos-islands-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Archipelago (Noun): A group or chain of islands.
Dependency (Noun): A territory controlled or governed by another country.
Strategic (Adjective): Important or crucial for achieving a specific purpose.
Indigenous (Adjective): Originating or occurring naturally in a particular place; native.
To evict (Verb): To force someone to leave a property or land, typically by legal means.
Sovereignty (Noun): The authority of a state to govern itself and make decisions within its territory.
Resettlement (Noun): The process of moving people to a new place to live.

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What is inheritance? Should inheritance be taxed? And if so, at what level?

Today I want to talk about wealth, inequality, and whether or not we should change our system of inheritance in the future!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/05/27/298-wealth-and-inequality-should-inheritance-be-abolished-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Inheritance (Noun): Property, money, or assets received from someone who has died.
Progressive Tax (Noun): A tax system in which the rate of tax increases as income or inheritance increases.
Wealth (Noun): The amount of valuable possessions or money owned by an individual, family, or society.
Asset (Noun): A useful or valuable thing or person.
Estate (Noun): All the money and property owned by a particular person, especially at death.
Meritocracy (Noun): A system in which advancement or success is based on ability or achievement rather than on factors such as age, race, or class.
Inequality (Noun): Difference in size, degree, circumstances, etc.

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Today I am going to talk about my experiences moving abroad, how it has changed my life, and some of the most important lessons I have learned over the past 8 years. Hopefully you will all find something useful or relatable in this episode!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/05/13/296-what-have-i-learned-from-living-abroad-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Immigration (Noun): The act of moving to a foreign country for the purpose of residing there.
Visa (Noun): An official authorization attached to a passport, permitting the holder to enter, leave, or stay in a foreign country for a period.
Overwhelmed (Adjective): Feeling defeated or unable to cope.
Bureaucratic (Adjective): Relating to the administration of governmental agencies characterized by excessive red tape and routine procedures.
Language barrier (Noun): The difficulty that arises from differences in language between people who are trying to communicate with each other.
Lonely (Adjective): Feeling sad and alone due to a lack of companionship or social interaction.
Friendship (Noun): A close and supportive relationship between two or more people.

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Haiti is in the middle of another crisis. Gangs have taken over the capital city, another leader has resigned, and the future is uncertain.

Today I’d like to take a look at the history of Haiti to see how the country has become one of the least stable and poorest in the world!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/05/13/296-what-is-happening-in-haiti-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Gang (Noun): A group of people who associate closely, for social reasons, criminal activities, or other common interests.
Intervention (Noun): The action or process of intervening in a situation, typically to alter or prevent an outcome.
Enslave (Verb): To make someone a slave.
Reparation (Noun): The making of amends for a wrong one has done, by paying money to or otherwise helping those who have been wronged.
Instability (Noun): The state of being unstable; often characterized by unpredictable changes.
Overthrow (Verb): To remove from power, especially a government or ruler.
Devastation (Noun): Severe and widespread destruction or damage.

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Botswana’s president made worldwide news headlines in April after he threatened to send 20,000 elephants to Germany. Why did he do this? What is the connection between elephants, hunting and conservation?

Today’s episode of Thinking in English is going to touch on topics including hunting, endangered species, elephant conservation, and more! And we will learn some new vocabulary while testing your listening comprehension.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/05/06/294-why-does-botswana-want-to-send-20000-elephants-to-germany-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Big Game (Noun Phrase): Large and exotic animals, typically hunted for sport or trophy collection.
Trophy (Noun): An object, such as an animal's head or horns, kept as a symbol of a successful hunt.
Hunt (Verb): The act of capturing or killing wild animals.
Endangered (Adjective): at risk of extinction or disappearance from the wild.
Conservation (Noun): the protection and preservation of natural resources and ecosystems.
Cull (Verb): to selectively slaughter a portion of a wild animal population for management purposes.
Overpopulation (Noun): the condition of having too many individuals of a species in a given area.

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What is an English proficiency test? What is the difference between IELTS and TOEFL?

What English Proficiency test should you take if you want to study abroad? Do you really need to take a test?

Today, let’s answer these questions as I give you an in-depth guide to English proficiency tests!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/04/29/294-ielts-toefl-and-other-english-exams-guide-to-english-proficiency-tests-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

IELTS: International English Language Testing System
TOEFL: Test of English as a Foreign Language
Cambridge English Tests: Suite of standardized English language proficiency exams developed by Cambridge Assessment English
TOEIC: Test of English for International Communication
PTE: Pearson Test of English
OET: Occupational English Test
Duolingo English Test: Online English proficiency test offered by Duolingo
LanguageCert International ESOL: Suite of English language exams offered by LanguageCert
IELTS Life Skills: Specific version of the IELTS test for visa and immigration purposes
LanguageCert SELT: LanguageCert Secure English Language Test

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What is coffee? Who was the first person to think of creating a drink from coffee beans?

How did coffee spread from the forests of East Africa to almost every town on earth? And what is the future of the coffee industry?

Let’s discuss these questions and more on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/04/22/293-history-of-coffee-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Brew (Verb): To prepare a beverage by extracting flavours from a substance through the use of hot water.
Coffee Beans (Noun): The seeds of the coffee plant, often roasted and ground to make coffee.
Roast (Verb): To heat coffee beans at a high temperature, typically in an oven or over an open flame, in order to enhance flavour and aroma.
Aroma (Noun): A distinctive, usually pleasant smell, often associated with food or beverages.
Consume (Verb): Eating food and drinking beverages.
Spread (Verb): To extend something over an area or among a group of people, often referring to the distribution of information, products, or practices.

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Join Patreon! - https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglishWhat does it mean to be bilingual? What are the different types of bilingualism?Is it possible for anyone to become bilingual or multilingual? And how can you become bilingual in English and your native language?Hopefully this episode will answer a few of these questions and introduce the concept of bilingualism to all of you!Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/04/15/292-what-does-bilingual-actually-mean-english-vocabulary-lesson/My Links⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TEST YOUR ENGLISH LEVEL - https://thinkinginenglish.link/placement-level-test/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thinking in English Bonus Podcast - https://www.patreon.com/collection/10513⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠NEW YOUTUBE Channel!!! - https://www.youtube.com/@thinkinginenglishpodcast ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠INSTAGRAM - thinkinginenglishpodcast (https://www.instagram.com/thinkinginenglishpodcast/) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Blog - thinkinginenglish.blog⁠Vocabulary List Bilingualism (Noun): The ability to use two languages well. Lingua franca (Noun): A common language used for communication between speakers of different native languages. Proficiency (Noun): Skill or expertise in a particular field or subject. Simultaneous (Adjective): Occurring, existing, or done at the same time. Dominant (Adjective): Having power or influence over others. Sequential (Adjective): Happening in a particular order or sequence. Balanced (Adjective): Having equal proportions of different elements.--- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thinking-english/support

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Finland has been ranked as the happiest country in the world for the seventh time in a row. But why?

What is happiness? And how is it measured?

This episode of Thinking in English discusses the Cantril Ladder, why the World Happiness Report might not accurately test happiness, and why Finland keeps coming top of the rankings!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/04/08/291-what-is-the-happiest-country-in-the-world-and-why-is-it-always-finland-english-vocabulary-lesson/

VOCABULARY LIST

Cantril Ladder (Noun): A method used to measure life satisfaction and happiness by asking individuals to rate their lives on a scale from 0 to 10.
Metaphor (Noun): A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
Ranking (Noun): The action of arranging items or individuals in a particular order based on specific criteria.
Subjective (Adjective): Based on personal opinions, feelings, or experiences rather than objective facts.
Wealth (Noun): Ownership of valuable possessions or resources, typically in the form of money or assets.
Contentment (Noun): A state of satisfaction and ease with one's circumstances or situation.
Well-being (Noun): The state of being comfortable, healthy, and happy.

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Gig work, freelancers, independent contractors, and the gig economy. These are terms that are becoming increasingly relevant to the way we work in the 21st century.

Today, I want to take a deeper look at the gig economy. We’ll define some key vocabulary, look at the history and development of the gig economy, discuss some criticisms and think about the future of work!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/04/01/290-what-is-the-gig-economy-english-vocabulary-lesson/

Gig (Noun): A temporary job or task.
Freelancer (Noun): An individual who works independently, providing services to multiple clients rather than being employed by a single company.
Employment (Noun): The state of being employed, where the employee provides services in exchange for compensation.
Benefits (Noun): Additional perks or advantages provided to employees beyond their regular salary, such as health insurance, retirement plans, or paid time off.
Client (Noun): A person or organization that engages the services of another individual or company to perform a specific task or project.
Contractor (Noun): A person hired to perform specific services under the terms of a contract, often operating independently or as part of a contracting firm.
Flexibility (Noun): The ability to adapt or change easily according to varying circumstances or needs.

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Download ELSA for free and get 7 days pro membership for free: https://bit.ly/ELSAxTHINKINGINENGLISH ⁠⁠Get up to 85% off of ELSA lifetime membership by going to elsaspeak.com/promocode and use my code THINK85⁠TikTok is changing the way we speak and use English. It is contributing to the invention of new vocabulary. New ways of communicating and censoring words are seen across the platform. And a new accent or way of speaking is developing!Today, I want to take a deep look into TikTok and its influence on the English language!⁠Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/03/25/289-how-is-tiktok-changing-the-english-language-tiktoklish-and-algospeak-explained-english-vocabulary-lesson/My Links⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TEST YOUR ENGLISH LEVEL - https://thinkinginenglish.link/placement-level-test/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thinking in English Bonus Podcast - https://www.patreon.com/collection/10513⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠NEW YOUTUBE Channel!!! - https://www.youtube.com/@thinkinginenglishpodcast ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠INSTAGRAM - thinkinginenglishpodcast (https://www.instagram.com/thinkinginenglishpodcast/) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Blog - thinkinginenglish.blog⁠Vocabulary Slang (Noun): Informal language used by a particular group, often characterized by unconventional words or phrases. Popularisation (Noun): The process of making something widely known or accepted. Viral (Adjective): Quickly and widely spread, especially through social media or the internet. Trend (Noun): A general direction in which something is developing or changing. Nuances (Noun): Subtle differences or shades of meaning. Sensitive (Adjective): Requiring careful handling or treatment; easily affected. Moderation (Noun): The act of keeping within reasonable limits or avoiding extremes.--- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thinking-english/support

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During the pandemic, millions of employees began to do their job from home and work remotely. Four years later, remote work is still a feature of the workplace.

But will this last? Is the end of remote work around the corner?

Let’s discuss remote work and the “return to office” movement on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

⁠TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/03/18/288-the-end-of-remote-work-return-to-office-explained-english-vocabulary-lesson/⁠

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Vocabulary

Remote (Adjective): Located far away; distant.
Mandate (Noun): An official order or command issued by an authority.
Hybrid (Adjective): Combining two different elements.
White-Collar (Adjective): Relating to professional or office-based work, typically performed in a corporate setting.
Blue-Collar (Adjective): Relating to manual or industrial work.
Productivity (Noun): Measure of efficiency or output
Flexible (Adjective): Capable of being modified easily to suit changing circumstances or requirements.

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Tea is the second-most popular beverage in the world (behind water). How much do you know about the history of this delicious drink?

Join me today for a discussion on the history of tea, from mysterious and mythical Chinese emperors to a Portuguese princess in London! At the same time, we’ll learn a lot of new and interesting words while testing your listening skills.

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/03/11/287-the-history-of-tea-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Beverage (Noun): A drink, especially one other than water; a liquid for drinking.
Steep (Verb): To soak in a liquid, typically water, to extract flavours or to soften.
Infuse (Verb): To introduce flavours or qualities into a liquid by soaking or steeping.
Medicinal (Adjective): Having properties or qualities that are beneficial for health.
Dynasty (Noun): A series of rulers from the same family.
Blend (Noun): A mixture of different elements or substances.
Oxidation (Noun): The chemical reaction that occurs when a substance reacts with oxygen, often causing a change in colour.

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Today I want to tell you the story of Thomas Midgely Jr. He was a scientist, engineer, and incredibly successful inventor. His creations revolutionised transportation and made refrigerators and air conditioners possible.

Unfortunately, his inventions were also incredibly harmful. They caused millions of deaths and perhaps harmed the world more than any other human creations. Let’s discuss why and how he is accidentally responsible for the most deaths in human history!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/03/04/286-who-is-responsible-for-the-most-deaths-in-history-the-story-of-thomas-midgely-jr-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Lead (Noun): A heavy metal element (Pb)
Gasoline (Noun): A volatile, flammable liquid used as fuel in engines.
Consequence (Noun): The result or effect of an action, decision, or condition.
Refrigeration (Noun): The process of cooling or preserving food, goods, or spaces using artificial means.
Engine Knock (Noun): The metallic knocking sound in an internal combustion engine caused by premature ignition of fuel.
CFCs (Abbreviation, Noun): Chlorofluorocarbons, a group of compounds containing carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, once used as refrigerants and propellants.
Atmosphere (Noun): The envelope of gases surrounding a planet, particularly Earth, held in place by gravity.

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Are electric cars actually environmentally friendly? Are they a good option for people who want to reduce their carbon footprints? What is the most environmentally friendly form of transport? Are electric cars the future?

Let’s discuss these questions on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/02/26/285-are-electric-cars-environmentally-friendly-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Emissions (noun): Release of gases into the air, often contributing to air pollution.
Hybrid car (noun): Vehicles that combine an internal combustion engine with an electric propulsion system.
Renewable (adjective): Relating to energy derived from resources that are naturally replenished, such as sunlight, wind, or rain.
Fossil fuel (noun): Energy resources, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, formed from the remains of ancient plants and animals.
Carbon footprint (noun): The total amount of greenhouse gases, especially carbon dioxide, that an individual, organization, or product is responsible for.
Public transport (noun): Shared transportation services, such as buses, trains, and trams, available for use by the general public.
Environmentally friendly (adjective): Practices, products, or behaviours that have minimal negative impact on the environment.

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Language anxiety is a problem that many English learners and non-native English speakers face every day!

Today, I want to talk in depth about language anxiety. We’ll discuss the causes and consequences of anxiety while using a foreign language, and I’ll give you a few different tips and strategies on how to improve your confidence and reduce your anxiety while speaking in English!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/02/19/284-what-is-language-anxiety-and-how-to-overcome-anxiety-while-using-english-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Anxiety (Noun): A feeling of unease, nervousness, or worry.
Fear (Noun): An unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or something is dangerous, likely to cause pain, or a threat.
Stress (Noun): Mental or emotional strain resulting from challenging situations, circumstances, or pressures.
Predisposition (Noun): A tendency or inclination to a particular condition, behaviour, or outcome.
Apprehension (Noun): Anxiety or fear that something bad or unpleasant will happen.
Evaluation (Noun): The act of assessing or judging the quality, value, or performance of someone or something.
Self-Awareness (Noun): Conscious knowledge of one's own character, feelings, motives, and desires.

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⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Today, I want to introduce a piece of British history. We’ll look at the Anglo-Saxons and discuss the myths and reality behind this group of people.

From the Roman Empire and Saxon tribes migrating from mainland Europe, to kingdoms, Viking raids, and a king shot in the eye with an arrow, this is the story of the Anglo-Saxons.

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/02/12/283-who-were-the-anglo-saxons-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Anglo-Saxon (noun): A member of the Germanic tribes that settled in England from the 5th century AD
Invade (verb): To enter a place with the intention of taking control, often by force.
Monasteries (noun): Religious communities where monks live.
Descendants (noun): People who are the children, or later generations of a particular ancestor or group.
Settlement (noun): The act or process of establishing a community or group of people in a new location.
Raid (noun/verb): A sudden and swift attack, often carried out for the purpose of seizing goods or causing damage.
Tribe (noun): A social group consisting of families or communities sharing common ancestry, language, and customs.

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The United Kingdom has announced plans to ban certain types of e-cigarette and restrict the sale of other vaping products.

Let's discuss some of the key terms surrounding "vapes", look at why the UK is banning these products, and examine the debate around vapes in more detail!

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Vocabulary

Disposable (adjective): Designed to be thrown away after use.
E-cigarettes (noun): Electronic devices that heat a liquid to produce vapour, typically containing nicotine, offering an alternative to traditional smoking.
Inhale/Exhale (verbs): To breathe in and out, respectively.
Vapour (noun): A substance in the air, usually a liquid.
Combustion (noun): The process of burning.
Addictive (adjective): Causing a strong dependence on a substance, typically a drug like nicotine.
Regulation (noun): The process of controlling and managing an activity through rules and laws.

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Where is the healthiest place on earth? Where do people live the longest lives? And what is a blue zone?Let’s discuss these questions on today’s episode!Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/01/29/281-what-is-a-blue-zone-english-vocabulary-lesson/My Links⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Patreon - https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠TEST YOUR ENGLISH LEVEL - https://thinkinginenglish.link/placement-level-test/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Thinking in English Bonus Podcast - https://www.patreon.com/collection/10513⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠NEW YOUTUBE Channel!!! - https://www.youtube.com/@thinkinginenglishpodcast ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠INSTAGRAM - thinkinginenglishpodcast (https://www.instagram.com/thinkinginenglishpodcast/) ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Blog - thinkinginenglish.blog⁠⁠Vocabulary Lifestyle (noun): The way in which a person lives, including habits, behaviours, and daily activities. Longevity (noun): The state of having a long duration of life. Lifespan (noun): The length of time a person lives. Moderation (noun): Consuming things in appropriate amounts, avoiding excess. Well-Being (noun): The state of being comfortable, healthy, or happy. Diet (noun): The kinds of food that a person, animal, or community habitually eats. Calorie (noun): A unit of measurement for energy, often used to quantify the energy content of food and beverages.--- Support this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thinking-english/support

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Donald Trump is the frontrunner to be the Republican candidate in this year’s US presidential election. But… should he be allowed to run for president?

In a few weeks the US Supreme Court will answer this very question.

Let’s talk about this situation in today’s episode!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/01/22/280-should-donald-trump-be-allowed-to-run-for-president-again-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Election (noun): The formal process of choosing a person for a public office or position, typically through voting.
Frontrunner (noun): The leading candidate or contestant in a competition or election.
Fraud (noun): Wrongful or criminal deception intended to result in financial or personal gain.
Insurrection (noun): A violent uprising or rebellion against a government or authority.
To run (verb): To compete as a candidate in an election; to seek or be nominated for a political office.
Legal Case (noun): A dispute or issue brought before a court for resolution; a matter to be decided by law.
Campaign (noun): A series of organized activities, events, or efforts with a particular purpose, especially a political or social cause.

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What do the 1857 Indian Mutiny, a brutal punishment feared by sailors, and mercury poisoning all have in common? All of these things lie behind three common idioms.

Today, let’s take a deeper look at these idioms while exploring their surprising etymologies!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/01/15/279-indian-mutiny-the-cat-o-nine-tails-and-mercury-poisoning-the-surprising-origins-of-english-idioms-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Bite the Bullet (idiom): To endure a painful or difficult situation with courage and fortitude, often accepting the inevitable.
Cat Got Your Tongue (idiom): A phrase used to inquire why someone is unusually quiet or not speaking.
Mad as a Hatter (idiom): Completely crazy or insane, often used to describe someone with eccentric behavior.

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Fish and chips is the most iconic, and one of the most popular, dishes from the United Kingdom.

Today, let me give you a detailed explanation of the origins, history, and variations of this classic meal!

⁠Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/01/08/278-the-history-of-fish-and-chips-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Takeaways (Noun): Establishments where prepared food is sold to be eaten somewhere else.
Fillet (Noun): A boneless cut or slice of meat or fish.
Texture (Noun): The feel or consistency of a surface or substance.
Batter (Noun/Verb): A mixture of eggs, flour, and liquid used to coat food before frying; the process of coating food with such a mixture.
National Dish (Noun): A traditional or iconic dish that is considered representative of a particular country.
Iconic (Adjective): Widely recognized and regarded as a symbol of a particular time, place, or culture.
Chain Restaurants (Noun): A series of connected restaurants under the same brand or ownership.

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In 2024, I want you all to form great study habits. I want you all to achieve your goals (whether it is English learning or something else).

And I think the best way to do this is by learning how to form excellent habits and how to break bad habits.

So, let’s discuss this in detail today!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2024/01/01/277-how-to-form-great-study-habits-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Habit (noun): A settled, regular, and automatic behaviour, especially one that is hard to give up.
Motivation (noun): The reasons one has for acting or behaving in a particular way.
Unconscious (adjective): Operating or occurring without awareness.
Intentional (adjective): Done with purpose or intention; not accidental.
Behaviour (noun): The observable actions and responses exhibited by an individual.
Cue (noun): A signal or prompt that induces someone to take a particular action.
Consistent (adjective): Acting or done in the same way over time.

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Happy Christmas to all the Thinking in English listeners out there! In this Christmas special episode, I am going to introduce you to a traditional British Christmas. Hope you enjoy listening!

⁠TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/12/25/276-what-is-a-traditional-british-christmas-english-vocabulary-lesson/⁠

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Vocabulary List

Festive (adjective):Related to a celebration or festival.
Carols (noun):Festive songs, often associated with Christmas.
Stockings (noun): Long socks traditionally hung by the fireplace for small gifts.
Boxing Day(noun): The day after Christmas in the UK.
Public holiday (noun): A day on which most businesses and schools are closed.
Advent (noun): The period of four weeks before Christmas.

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Shohei Ohtani, the Japanese baseball star, is signing a $700 million 10 year contract… is this too much? Are professional sports stars paid too much?

Let’s discuss this on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

⁠TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/12/18/275-are-professional-sports-stars-paid-too-much-shohei-ohtanis-700-million-contact/

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Vocabulary List

Contract (Noun): A formal agreement between two parties, specifying terms, conditions, and obligations.
Endorsements (Noun): Public support or approval, especially by a famous person or celebrity, often for products or services.
Two-way Player (Noun): A player in sports, like baseball, who excels in both offensive (batting) and defensive (pitching) skills.
Valuable (Adjective): Having considerable monetary worth or importance.
Pitching (Noun): Throwing the ball in baseball with the aim of getting the batter out.
Supply and Demand (Phrase): The fundamental economic principle determining the price of goods and services.
Salary (Noun): Fixed regular payments made by an employer to an employee.

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Argentina has elected Javier Milei as their new President. Milei has described himself as a libertarian and anarcho-capitalist… but what does this mean? What is an anarcho-capitalist?
Let’s discuss this on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/12/11/274-what-is-an-anarcho-capitalist-the-election-of-javier-milei-in-argentina-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Libertarian (Noun): A person who advocates for individual freedom, limited government, and the free-market .
Anarcho-capitalism (Noun): A political ideology and economic theory supporting the elimination of the state, emphasizing voluntary interactions, private property, and free-market capitalism.
Nickname (Noun): Informal names given to someone, often reflecting their characteristics.
Anarchist (Noun): A person who advocates for a society without government or central authority.
Free market (Noun): An economic system where prices and wages are determined by unrestricted competition and supply and demand.
Limited government (Noun): A political philosophy advocating for minimal government intervention in personal and economic affairs.
Private property (Noun): Ownership of assets and resources by individuals or private organisations.

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Who was William Shakespeare? Why is he so famous? And did he really invent 1700 English words and phrases?
Let’s discuss this on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/12/04/273-how-many-english-words-did-william-shakespeare-invent-english-vocabulary-lesson/⁠

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Vocabulary

Classics (noun): Works of literature that are considered of the highest quality and lasting significance.
Iconic (adjective): Widely recognized and admired, representing a symbol or characteristic.
Playwright (noun): A person who writes plays.
Feud (noun): A prolonged and bitter quarrel or dispute.
Popularized (verb): Made widely known and accepted.
Works (noun): Literary creations or compositions, such as plays and poems.
Sonnet (noun): A specific form of poem that typically consists of 14 lines.
Giant (noun): Used metaphorically to signify immense influence and significance in the world.

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Imagine you are the leader of a country. How do you improve your international reputation? How do you make friends and gain influence?

Countries around the world have tried a lot of creative approaches, but perhaps my favourite approach is Panda Diplomacy!

What is Panda Diplomacy? How did it start? And is it ending? Let’s discuss today!

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⁠⁠TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/11/27/272-what-is-panda-diplomacy-english-vocabulary-lesson/

My Links

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Vocabulary List

Diplomacy (Noun):The conduct of international relations and negotiations between countries to maintain peaceful and productive relationships.
Soft Power (Noun):The use of attraction and persuasion to influence others, as opposed to coercion.
Coercion (Noun):The practice of persuading someone to do something by using force or threats.
Lease (Verb): To allow, temporarily, the use of something in exchange for payment.
Goodwill (Noun):A friendly and cooperative attitude or disposition.
Ambassadors (Noun):Diplomats representing their country and promoting its interests abroad.
Normalization (Noun): The process of improving diplomatic ties between countries.

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How much do you know about the way your memory works? By understanding your memory, you can make the process of learning English much more efficient.
Today, let’s take a look at some memory effects and investigate how you can incorporate them into your study routine!

⁠TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/11/20/271-more-ways-to-better-remember-english-vocabulary-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Distinctiveness (noun): The quality of being unique or different from others.
Stand out (phrasal verb): To be noticeably different or conspicuous.
Primacy (noun): The state or quality of being first in importance or order.
Recency (noun): The state or quality of being most recent or last in order.
Senses (noun): The faculties of sight, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.
Mood (noun): The emotional state or disposition of an individual at a particular time.
Chunks (noun): Grouped items or pieces of data that are easier to remember.
Retain (verb): To keep or hold onto something, especially in memory.

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What is the 2023 Word of the Year? What word best sums up the trends, events, and stories of the past 12 months? Listen to this episode to find out the 2023 Collins Dictionary Word of the Year, as well as some other Word of the Year contenders!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/11/13/270-what-is-the-2023-word-of-the-year-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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What is the best way to learn and remember English vocabulary? Let’s take a look at three of the most popular, researched, and established theories in today’s episode!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/11/06/269-what-is-the-best-way-to-remember-english-vocabulary-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Lemma (noun) - A technical term for the base form or root of a word within a word family.
Vocalize (verb) - To speak out loud or express verbally.
Content (noun) - The subject matter or material contained in a piece of text or speech.
Theory (noun) - A systematic and comprehensive explanation of a phenomenon
Spaced repetition (noun) - A learning technique that involves reviewing and revisiting information at increasing intervals over time.
Flashcards (noun) - Cards used for learning that contain questions or prompts on one side and answers or information on the other.
Simplification (noun) - The act of making something simpler or easier to understand.

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What is a zombie? You might be thinking of the flesh-eating, undead monsters common in Hollywood, but the origin of zombies is much more fascinating than the stories in film and TV.

From the brutal slave plantations of Haiti to the development of voodoo legends and traditions, to the modern monsters of Hollywood, join us for a look at the history of zombies in this Halloween special episode!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/10/30/268-history-of-zombies-from-haiti-and-voodoo-to-the-night-of-the-living-dead-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Practitioner (n): A person who regularly engages in a profession, skill, or belief system.
Voodoo (n):A syncretic religion with African, indigenous Caribbean, and Catholic influences, often involving rituals, spirits, and magic.
Reanimated (adj):Brought back to life or animated again after death or inactivity.
Undead (n): Deceased, but still existing or animated in a supernatural or fictional way.
Flesh-eating (adj): Relating to creatures or monsters that consume the flesh of living beings.
Enslaved (adj): Forced to become a slave, often involving being owned and controlled by others.
Plantation (n): A large estate or property where crops like sugar, cotton, or tobacco are cultivated, typically using slave labour.
Under the control (phrase):Subject to the influence of someone or something else.

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We now have access to so much information and news that it can be difficult to distinguish between real and fake, information and misinformation, and truth and lies.
Let’s take a look at some strategies and methods to spot fake news in English and talk about why non-native speakers especially need to practice this skill!

⁠TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/10/23/267-how-to-spot-fake-news-and-misinformation-in-english-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Source (n): A person, place, or thing that provides information, news, or data.
Bias (n): Prejudice in favour of or against one thing, person, or group.
Reputable (adj): Having a good reputation due to trustworthiness, reliability, and high standards.
Misleading (adj):Giving a wrong or inaccurate impression by not providing all the necessary information.
Sensationalize (v): To present information in an exaggerated, dramatic, or emotionally charged way.
Satirical (adj):Using humour, irony, or exaggeration to criticize or mock individuals, institutions, or issues.
Headline (n): The title of a news article.
Fact-Checking (n):The process of verifying the accuracy and truthfulness of something.

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Are you too old to learn English? What is the best age to start learning? And why does it get more difficult for adults to learn a new language? Let's take a deeper look at these questions today.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/10/16/266-are-you-too-old-to-learn-english-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Native speakers: People who have spoken a particular language from birth or childhood and are considered fluent and natural in that language.
Fluency: The ability to speak or write a language smoothly, accurately, and with ease.
Intricacies: The complex and detailed parts or aspects of something.
Neural plasticity: The brain's ability to adapt and reorganize its structure and function.
Language immersion: The complete involvement in a language and culture for the purpose of learning.
Multilingual: The ability to speak and understand multiple languages.
Cognitive decline: The gradual loss of cognitive abilities, often associated with aging.

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Tourism can be a great thing for cities, towns, villages, and destinations. But… is there such a thing as too many tourists? Yes! And let’s discuss overtourism, its consequences, and what we can do about it today!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/10/09/265-what-is-overtourism-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Overtourism (noun): The situation when a tourist destination experiences an excessive and unsustainable number of visitors.
Infrastructure (noun): The basic physical and organizational structures and facilities needed for the operation of a society, such as transportation systems and utilities.
Off-peak (adjective): Not at the busiest or most popular time.
Promotion (noun): The action of encouraging or supporting the growth or popularity of something.
Tourist trap (noun): A place that attracts tourists and charges high prices or offers low-quality goods or services.
Respectful (adjective): Showing respect or polite behaviour towards others.
Friction (noun): Conflict or tension between individuals or groups.

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The UK has announced a ban on the American Bully XL dog breed after a spate of violent attacks. What is an American Bully XL? Why are they being banned? What is a dangerous dog? And is banning dangerous dogs the best approach to dealing with this problem? Let’s discuss all this today!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/10/02/264-why-is-the-uk-banning-some-breeds-of-dog-the-dangerous-dog-debate-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Ban (noun) - A formal prohibition or restriction.
Breed (noun) - A group of animals or plants with common characteristics, often created through selective breeding.
Cull (verb) - To selectively remove or eliminate animals from a population.
Temperament (noun) - A person or animal's natural disposition or character.
Imposing (adjective) - Having an impressive or commanding presence.
Amnesty (noun) - An official pardon or forgiveness that allows individuals or groups to be exempt from penalties or legal consequences for past actions or offenses.
Characteristics (noun) - Distinctive qualities, traits, or features that define or distinguish something or someone from others.
Socialization (noun) - The process of learning and adapting to social norms and interactions.

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Did you know that using, speaking in, and thinking in foreign and second languages can have real and significant affects on your thought processes and decision-making?

In other words, thinking in English can make you more objective, better at making financial decisions, and help you remember things in detail.

This is the Foreign Language Effect: let’s take the rest of this episode to discuss it in detail!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/09/25/263-the-foreign-language-effect-how-thinking-in-english-can-improve-your-decision-making-and-memories-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Egotistical (adj): self-centred or selfish; believing oneself to be superior to others.
Rational (adj): Based on reason or logic rather than emotions.
Thought process (n): The series of mental steps or cognitive activities that occur when one is thinking or reasoning.
Perceptions (n): The way in which something is understood or interpreted by the mind.
Moral (adj): A principle or belief concerning what is right or wrong; ethical.
Bias (n): a tendency to see things from one perspective.
Risk (n): The possibility of loss, harm, or danger
False memory (n phrase): An inaccurate recollection of an event or experience that did not actually occur.

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France has just banned school children from wearing abayas (a type of robe popular with Muslim women). Let’s discuss why France has banned any religious clothes or symbols from public schools and talk about France’s unique form of secularism!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/09/18/262-why-is-france-banning-islamic-clothes-in-schools-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Multiculturalism (n): The coexistence of diverse cultural, ethnic, and religious groups within a society.
Secularism (n): The principle of separating religion from government and public institutions.
Secular (adj): Related to things that are not religious or spiritual in nature, or not affiliated with any particular religion.
To prohibit (v): To formally forbid or disallow something by law, rule, or authority.
Policy (n): A set of principles, guidelines, or rules that dictate how decisions are made and actions are taken within an organization or government.
Neutrality (n): The state of being impartial or not taking sides in a conflict, dispute, or issue.
Conspicuous (adj): Easily noticeable or standing out due to being prominent, obvious, or striking.
Citizenship (n): The status of being a member of a particular country and enjoying the rights and responsibilities that come with it.

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The Seven Wonders of the Ancient World were monumental structures, engineering marvels, and fantastic creations that were famous throughout Ancient Greece and its neighbouring societies! Today, let’s take a look at the seven wonders, their history, and their fate!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/09/11/261-the-seven-wonders-of-the-ancient-world-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Wonder (n): an extraordinary and awe-inspiring creation or phenomenon
Structure (n): a building or construction, typically with a purpose or function, such as a monument, temple, or pyramid.
Subject of debate (phrase): something that is a matter of discussion, disagreement, or uncertainty among scholars, historians, or experts.
Intricate (adj): highly detailed, complex, and finely crafted, often involving many small and precise elements or patterns.
Marvel (n): an object, creation, or phenomenon that inspires a sense of wonder and admiration due to its exceptional qualities, beauty, or significance.
To adorn (v): to decorate or embellish something, often with ornaments, details, or decorative elements to enhance its appearance.
To commission (v): to officially request or hire someone to create a particular work or project, often for a specific purpose or commemoration.
Monumental (adj): of exceptional size, significance, or importance; it is used to emphasize the grandeur and importance of certain ancient structures and creations.

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Do you know how to argue in English? Listen to this episode to find out how to build your argumentation skills and apply these in your personal life, work-life, and academic life!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/09/04/260-how-to-argue-and-win-arguments-in-english/

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Vocabulary

To persuade (v): To convince someone to accept your viewpoint or take a particular action.
To convince (v): To make someone believe or agree with a certain idea or argument.
Counterargument (n): Opposing viewpoints or arguments that challenge the main argument.
Credibility (adj): The trustworthiness and believability of a source or speaker.
Antithesis (n): Presenting contrasting ideas to highlight the strengths of your argument.
Active listening (n): Paying close attention to what others are saying.
To resonate (v): Elicits a positive response or connection with the audience.

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BRICS is expanding. The group now contains 11 large and powerful economies – Brazil, Russia, India, China, South Africa, Argentina, Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran, Saudi Arabia, and the UAE.
However,… what exactly is BRICS? What is its purpose? And why is it expanding? Let’s discuss these questions today!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/08/28/259-what-is-brics-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Emerging Economies (phrase) - Developing nations experiencing rapid growth and industrialization.
Institution (n) - An established organization or system, typically with specific goals, rules, and functions.
Multilateral Organization (n) - An international institution involving multiple countries that collaborate and make decisions collectively.
Expansion (n) - The act of becoming larger, more extensive, or broader in scope.
Convention (n) - A formal meeting where individuals or groups gather to discuss and address specific issues or topics.
Global Order (n) - The system or arrangement of power, governance, and international relations among nations on a global scale.
Sanction (n) - Official measures or penalties imposed as a means of pressure or punishment for specific actions or policies.
Alliance (n) - A formal agreement or partnership between two or more parties, often nations, for mutual support or cooperation

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Donald Trump is being charged with racketeering in the US state of Georgia. What is racketeering? How serious are the charges? And why has Trump been accused of this crime? Let’s discuss these important questions in today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/08/21/258-what-is-racketeering-and-why-has-donald-trump-been-accused-of-it-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Charges (plural n) - Formal accusations of wrongdoing, often leading to legal action.
Legal case (n) - A matter that involves legal proceedings, typically in a court of law.
Influence (v) - The power to affect or change something, often related to manipulation.
Insurrection (n) - A violent uprising against authority or government.
Criminal organisation (n) - A group engaged in unlawful activities, typically with a structured hierarchy.
Racket (n) - A systematic scheme that carries out various criminal actions.
Prosecutors (n) - Legal officials responsible for bringing criminal charges against individuals.
Election interference (n) - Efforts to manipulate or influence election outcomes

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Which country has the highest level of English proficiency? Which country is the best at learning English? And what lessons can we learn from these high-proficiency countries?

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/08/14/257-which-country-is-the-best-at-learning-english-and-what-can-we-learn-from-them-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Proficient (adj) - skilled and experienced.
Rankings (plural n) - A list of items or individuals arranged in order of importance, achievement, or performance.
Index(n) - A systematic arrangement or listing of information, often in a sequential or alphabetical order.
To dub (v) - To replace the original audio in a film or television program with a different language.
To immerse(v) - To become deeply involved or engaged in a particular activity or environment.
To be exposed (v) - To be subjected to or have experience in a particular situation or environment.
Multinational companies (n) - Corporations that operate in multiple countries and have business interests across national borders.
Lingua franca (n) - A common language used for communication among speakers of different native languages.

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The Orkney Islands, a group of British Islands north of Scotland, are considering the possibility of leaving the UK, shocking the country. Let’s take a deeper look into Orkney’s unique history and some possibilities for its future!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/08/07/256-leaving-the-uk-the-future-of-the-orkney-islands-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Archipelago (n) - A group of small islands
Heritage (n) - The cultural, historical, or natural traditions passed down through generations.
Dowry (n) - in some societies, an amount of money or property that a woman's parents give to the man she marries.
To ignore (v) - to intentionally not listen or give attention to.
Let down (phrasal v) - To feel disappointed or betrayed by someone or something.
Autonomous (adj) - an autonomous organization, country, or region is independent and has the freedom to govern itself.
Self-governing (adj) - A country or an area that is self-governing is controlled by the people living there.
Tax havens (n) - Countries or territories with favourable tax regulations.

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With the Women’s World Cup taking place right now in Australia and New Zealand, I thought it would be interesting to take a look at the history of women’s football. From its early history to a time when women’s football was more popular the men’s sport, to being banned across the world… it is a fascinating story!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/07/31/255-the-history-of-womens-football-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Association football (n) - Also known as soccer, the most widely played form of football with specific rules established by the Football Association (FA).
Spectator (n) - People who watch a sports event or performance.
Prejudice (n) - Preconceived opinions or attitudes towards a certain group or individual.
Newspaper coverage (n) - Reporting or news articles published in newspapers.
To found (n) – to bring something into existence.
Professional (adj) - used to describe someone who does a job that people usually do as a hobby.
Unsuitable (adj) - Not appropriate or fitting for a particular purpose or situation.
To overshadow (v) - to make something seem less important.

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I’ve spent the past few weeks reading academic papers about sleep, immediate feedback, goal setting, perfectionism, and more. Today, let me share my findings with you and discuss how science can help you learn English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/07/26/254-more-science-based-tips-for-english-learners-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Sleep deprivation (n) - the condition of not having had enough sleep or of being prevented from having enough sleep, especially for several days or more.
Impaired (adj) - damaged in a way that makes something less effective.
Attention Span (n) - the length of time that someone can keep their thoughts and interest fixed on something.
To consolidate (v) - to become, or cause something to become, stronger, and more certain.
Perfectionism (n) - The tendency to strive for flawless performance, hindering language learners' progress.
To internalise (v) - to accept or absorb an idea, opinion, belief, etc. so that it becomes part of your character.
Near miss (n) - an attempt to do or achieve something that fails although it almost succeeds.
Unrealistic (adj) - having a wrong idea of what is likely to happen or of what you can really do; not based on facts.

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Last week a US soldier apparently defected to North Korea. What is a defector? Why do people defect? Let’s discuss these questions and talk about some of the most famous defections in history!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/07/24/253-us-solder-defects-to-north-korea-what-is-a-defection-and-why-do-people-defect/

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Vocabulary

Defector (n) - A person who leaves their own country to live in another.
Demilitarised Zone (n) - A “demilitarised zone” is an area, agreed on by countries fighting, which cannot be occupied or used for military purposes by any country.
Propaganda (n) - information, ideas, opinions, or images, often only giving one part of an argument, that are broadcast or published with the intention of influencing people's opinions.
Espionage (n) - The practice of spying or obtaining secret information.
Disillusioned (adj) - disappointed and unhappy because of discovering the truth about something or someone that you liked or respected.
Ideological (adj) - based on or relating to a particular set of ideas or beliefs.
Traitor (n) - a person who is not loyal or stops being loyal to their own country, social class, beliefs, etc.
Intelligence (n) - secret information about the governments of other countries, especially enemy governments, or a group of people who collect and deal with this information.

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---------

What insights can science provide about language learning? And how can we use this research to learn English? Keep listening to find out!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/07/19/252-science-and-english-learning-research-backed-tips-and-tricks-to-help-you-study/

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Vocabulary

To distribute (v) - to spread out tasks, resources, or information over intervals of time, space, or people.
Optimal (adj) - the most favourable or best possible.
Retention (n) - the ability to retain or remember information.
Recall (n) - the ability to remember things.
Input (n) - information or data that is fed into a system or the brain.
Memorisation (n) - the act or process of learning something so that you will remember it exactly:
Literacy (n) - the ability to read and write.
Immediate feedback (n) - prompt information given in response to an action or performance.

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The new Barbie movie has been banned in Vietnam. Let’s discuss why it has been banned, how the movie is related to one of the most sensitive geopolitical issues in Asia, and what it tells us about Hollywood’s relationship with China!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/07/17/251-why-has-vietnam-banned-the-barbie-movie/

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Vocabulary

Blockbuster (n) – a book or film that is very successful.
Offensive (adj) – causing someone to be upset or to have hurt feelings.
Dispute (n) - an argument or disagreement, especially an official one between two countries with a common border.
Sovereignty (n) - the power of a country to control its own government.
Claim (n) - A claim is a statement saying that you have a right to something.
Demarcation (n) - a border or a rule that shows the limits of something or how things are divided.
Infringement (n) - an action that breaks a rule, law, etc.
Sensitive (adj) - A sensitive subject, situation, etc. needs to be dealt with carefully in order to avoid upsetting people.

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While I’m struggling to learn Japanese, and all of you guys are trying your best to learn English, there are some people out there who can speak multiple different languages to a high level of proficiency. Today I want to look at these people, discuss how they can learn languages effectively, and discuss what we can learn form multilingual polyglots!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/07/12/250-what-is-a-polyglot-and-what-can-we-learn-from-polyglots-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Polyglot (n) - someone who can speak or use several different languages.
Multilingual (adj) - (of people or groups) able to use more than two languages for communication.
Repertoire (n) - the entire range of skills or aptitudes or devices used in a particular field or occupation.
Cognitive (adj) - connected with thinking or conscious mental processes.
Maintenance (n) - the process of keeping or continuing something or the work needed to keep something in good condition.
Aptitude (n) - a natural ability or skill.
Embrace (v) - to accept something enthusiastically.
To juggle (v) - to try to do two or more jobs or activities at the same time, because you do not have a lot of time.

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Elon Musk and Mark Zuckerberg, two of the wealthiest and most influential men on the planet, are currently arguing. The reason? A new app called “Threads”! Let’s discuss this news today!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/07/10/249-musk-vs-zuckerberg-the-battle-of-the-tech-billionaires/

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Vocabulary

Founder (n) - someone who establishes an organization.
Rival (n) - a person, group, etc. competing with others for the same thing or in the same area.
Social media (n) - websites and computer programs that allow people to communicate and share information on the internet using a computer or mobile phone.
Platform (n) - a method of communication or entertainment, for example television, radio, or the internet.
To acquire (v) - to get or obtain something.
To rebrand (v) - to change the way that an organization, company, or product is seen by the public.
To take advantage of something (idiom) - to use an opportunity to achieve results, sometimes in an unfair way.
Backlash (n) - a strong feeling among a group of people in reaction to a change or recent events in society or politics.

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How long does it take to learn English? I’m sure every single person listening has thought about this question before. Today, let’s look at why we want to learn quickly, what it means to have “learned English”, the official estimates for length of time to learn English, and some factors that can affect the length of time you will spend studying!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/07/05/how-long-does-it-take-to-learn-english-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Intensive (adj) - Involving or requiring great effort, focus, or concentration.
Proficiency (n) - Competence or skill in a particular field or area.
Language acquisition (n) - The process of learning and gaining fluency in a language.
Frameworks (n) - Structures or systems that provide a basis for understanding or organizing something.
Guidelines (n) - Recommendations or instructions that provide direction or advice.
Immersion (n) - Deep involvement or engagement in a particular activity or environment.
Aptitude (n) - Natural ability or talent for a specific skill or subject.

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Last week, the US Supreme Court decided to end affirmative action – a policy that has helped millions of people from underrepresented communities enter top universities and get better jobs. Let’s discuss what affirmative action is, why the supreme court ruled it unconstitutional, and what could happen next!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/07/03/247-what-is-affirmative-action-and-why-did-the-supreme-court-end-it/

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Vocabulary

Race (n) - the idea that people can be divided into different groups based on physical characteristics that they are perceived to share such as skin colour, eye shape, etc.
Diversity (n) - the fact of many different types of things or people being included in something, a range of different things or people.
Discrimination (n) - treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their race, gender, sexuality, etc.
To marginalise (v) - to treat someone or something as if they are not important.
Underrepresented (adj) - If a type of person or thing is underrepresented in a group or organization, there are not enough of them in it.
Preferential (adj) - used to say that something that someone is given is better than what other people receive.
Representation (n) - the fact of including different types of people, for example in films, politics, or sport, so that all different groups are represented.
A level playing field (idiom) - a situation in which everyone has the same chance of succeeding.

Extended Vocabulary List available

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From the UK, to Japan, to the Caribbean, to the Pacific Islands, “curry” is one of the most popular and loved dishes around the world. For many people, it is synonymous with Indian food… but did you know that in India the term curry isn’t used in the same way. Today, let’s discuss what “curry” is, how it was invented, and how it has spread around the world!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/28/246-the-history-of-curry-from-india-to-britain-and-the-world/

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Vocabulary

Spice (n) - a substance made from a plant, used to give a special flavour to food.
Aromatic (adj) - strong, pleasant smelling, usually from food or drink.
Melting pot (n) - a place where many different people and ideas exist together, often mixing and producing something new.
Culinary (adj) – connected with cooking or kitchens.
Homogeneous (adj) - consisting of parts or people that are similar to each other or are of the same type.
Adequately (adv) - in a way that is enough or satisfactory for a particular purpose.
Flavour profile (phrase) - the specific combination and characteristics of flavours present in a particular dish or food.
Subcontinent (n) - a large area of land that is part of a continent, often referring to South Asia.

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Over the weekend, the leader of the Wagner Group of mercenaries started a mutiny in Russia. What happened? What is the Wagner Group? Who is Yevgeny Prigozhin? Why was there and conflict? And what does this mean for Vladimir Putin, the Ukraine war, and the future of the Wagner Group? Let’s discuss this all today!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/26/245-what-is-happening-in-russia-mutiny-and-the-wagner-group/

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Vocabulary

Mercenary (n) - a soldier who fights for any country or group that pays them.
Mutiny (n) - an occasion when a group of people, especially soldiers or sailors, refuses to obey orders and/or attempts to take control from people in authority.
Insurrection (n) - an organized attempt by a group of people to defeat their government and take control of their country, usually by violence.
Occupied (adj) - An occupied place is being controlled by an army or group of people that has moved into it.
To reclaim (v) - to take back something that was yours.
Plausible deniability (phrase) - the ability of someone to deny any knowledge or involvement in a particular action or event, especially in a way that seems believable or credible.
Incompetence (n) - lack of ability to do something successfully or as it should be done.
To operate (v) - to do business in or from a particular place.

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The United States has 50 states, and today I want to discuss why (and how) Hawaii became the most recent to join the union. An island chain in the Pacific, far from the contiguous United States, the story of how Hawaii became “American” is fascinating and controversial!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/21/244-why-is-hawaii-part-of-the-united-states/

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Vocabulary

State (n) - a part of a large country with its own government, such as in Germany, Australia, or the US.
Contiguous (adj) - next to or touching another, usually similar, thing.
Expansion (n) - the action of becoming larger or more extensive.
Acquisition (n) - something that someone buys or gets, often to add to a collection of things.
Plantation (n) - a large farm, especially in a hot part of the world, on which a particular type of crop is grown.
To annex (v) - to take possession of an area of land or a country, usually by force or without permission.
Restoration (n) - the act or process of returning something to its earlier good condition or position, or to its owner.
Territory (n) - (especially in Australia, Canada, and the United States) a large area that has some local government but fewer rights than a province or a state.

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Have we discovered every single animal on our planet? What about the legends and myths of strange creatures in locations around the world? Today I want to talk about the unusual world of “cryptids.” I’ll discuss some animals that were once considered to be myths or impossible, but were eventually proven to be real, and suggest a few animals that may exist today!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/19/243-animals-that-may-or-may-not-exist/

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Vocabulary

Creature (n) - used to refer to a life form that is unusual or imaginary.
Mythical (adj) - existing only in stories.
Outlandish (adj) - strange and unusual and difficult to accept or like.
Legend (n) - a very old story or set of stories from ancient times, or the stories, not always true, that people tell about a famous event or person.
Extinct (adj) – not now existing.
Shed light on something (idiom) - Something or someone that sheds light on a situation provides an explanation for it or information that makes it easier to understand.
Elusive (adj) - difficult to describe, find, achieve, or remember.
Conclusive (adj) - proving that something is true or ending any doubt.

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If you think about Japanese food, probably the first dish that comes to mind is sushi. But would it surprise you to know that sushi today is vastly different from just a few hundred years ago? Today, let’s talk about how a fermented fish dish from China evolved into the national food of Japan!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/14/242-the-history-of-sushi-japans-most-famous-cuisine-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Cuisine (n) - a style of cooking
Raw (adj) - (of food) not cooked.
Refrigerate (v) - to make or keep something, especially food or drink, cold so that it stays fresh, usually in a fridge.
Preserve (v) - to treat food in a particular way so that it can be kept for a long time without going bad.
Ferment (v) - If food or drink ferments or if you ferment it, it goes through a chemical change because of the action of yeast or bacteria, which may cause it to produce bubbles or heat, or turn sugars in it into alcohol.
Predecessor (n) - something that comes before another thing in time or in a series.
Parasite (n) - an animal or plant that lives on or in another animal or plant of a different type and feeds from it.
Authentic (adj) - If something is authentic, it is real, true, or what people say it is.

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The largest dam in Ukraine collapsed, and it is likely the disaster was due to a deliberate attack. If it was deliberate, it would one of the most severe acts of environmental terrorism in history. Let’s discuss the collapse, talk about environmental terrorism, and discuss the risks and history of destroying the environment in war and conflicts!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/12/241-what-is-environmental-terrorism/

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Vocabulary

Dam (n) - a wall built across a river that stops the river's flow and collects the water, especially to make a reservoir (= an artificial lake) that provides water for an area.
Collapse (v) - to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support.
Counter-offensive (n) - a set of attacks that defend against enemy attacks.
Blow (something) up (phrasal v) - to destroy something or kill someone with a bomb, or to be destroyed or killed by a bomb.
Contaminate (v) - to make something less pure or make it poisonous.
Ecological (adj) - relating to ecology (= the relationship between living things and their environment) or the environment.
Destructive (adj) - causing great and irreparable damage.
Flooding (n) - the condition of becoming filled or covered with a large amount of water.

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Who discovered the Americas? Let’s discuss the history of exploration and migration in the Americas, from the arrival of the first settlers, to the voyages of the Vikings and Polynesians, to the landing of the Europeans!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/07/240-who-discovered-the-americas/

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Vocabulary

Continent (n) - one of the seven large land masses on the earth's surface, surrounded, or mainly surrounded, by sea and usually consisting of various countries.
Voyage (n) - a long journey, especially by ship.
To explore (also exploration/explorer) (v) - to search a place and discover things about it.
To navigate (navigation/navigator) (v) - to direct the way that a ship, aircraft, etc. will travel, or to find a direction across, along, or over an area of water or land.
Subsequent (adj) - happening after something else.
Seafaring (adj) - connected with travelling by sea.
Norse (adj) - belonging or relating to the people who lived in Scandinavia in the past, especially the Vikings.
To settle (settlement/settler) (v) - to arrive, especially from another country, in a new place and start to live there and use the land.

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France has recently banned some short-haul flights in order to reduce the country’s carbon emissions. How bad is flying for the environment? Is France’s ban effective? And should we go further in order to protect the planet?

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/06/05/239-france-bans-short-haul-flights-how-bad-is-flying-for-the-environment/

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Vocabulary

To ban (v) - to forbid (= refuse to allow) something, especially officially
Sustainable (adj) - causing, or made in a way that causes, little or no damage to the environment and therefore able to continue for a long time.
Aviation (n) - the activity of flying aircraft, or of designing, producing, and keeping them in good condition.
Contrail (n) - a white line left in the sky by an aircraft that consists of water vapour (= gas) that has condensed (= turned back into very small drops of water).
Domestic (adj) - relating to a person's own country.
Objection (n) - the act of expressing or feeling opposition to or dislike of something or someone.
Viable (adj) - able to work as intended or able to succeed.
To offset (v) - to pay for things that will reduce carbon dioxide in order to reduce the damage caused by carbon dioxide that you produce.

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Failure and mistakes are natural parts of language learning, but the majority of people are terrible at learning from these failures. Today, I’m going to explain why we are bad a learning from past mistakes and give you a few strategies that might help you improve!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/05/31/238-how-to-learn-from-failure-and-mistakes/

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Vocabulary

Proficiency (n) - a high level of skill or expertise in a particular subject or activity.
To devalue (v) - to diminish or reduce the importance, worth, or quality of something.
Constructively (adv) - describes doing something in a positive, helpful, or productive manner.
Motivation (n) - the inner drive or desire to achieve or accomplish something.
To procrastinate (v) - To delay or postpone doing something, often out of intentional avoidance.
To reflect (v) - To think deeply or carefully about something, often in order to gain insight or learn from past experiences.
Determined (adj) - Having a strong resolve or firmness of purpose; being committed and persistent.
Embarrassment (n) - a feeling of self-consciousness, shame, or awkwardness.

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What is a “failed state”? Let’s look at some definitions, characterisitcs, and examples of “failed states”, and then discuss whether South Africa could be considered to be failing!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/05/29/237-what-is-a-failed-state/

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Vocabulary

Corruption (n) - illegal, bad, or dishonest behaviour, especially by people in positions of power.
Authority (n) - the moral or legal right or ability to control.
Goods (n) - items that satisfy human wants and provide utility.
Fragile (adj) - easily destroyed, ended, or made to fail.
Instability (n) - uncertainty caused by the possibility of a sudden change in the present situation.
To exacerbate (v) - to make something that is already bad even worse.
Blackout (n) - when there is no light or power because of an electricity failure.
Incompetent (adj) - not having the ability to do something as it should be done.

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Recently I’ve seen a lot of people online talking about the 10,000 Hour Rule. Today, I’m going to look at the rule, the evidence for and against it, and discuss how all of you listening can apply the 10,000-hour rule to learning English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/05/24/236-what-is-the-10000-hour-rule/

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Vocabulary

Mastery (n) - Achieving a high level of skill or expertise in a particular field.
Deliberate practice (phrase) - Focused and intentional effort to improve specific aspects of a skill.
Comfort zone (phrase) - The level of difficulty or familiarity within which a person feels at ease.
Second nature (phrase) - Something that has become so natural and instinctive that it feels effortless.
To propel (v) - to drive or push forward; cause progress or advancement.
Sustained effort (phrase) - Consistent and continuous application of energy or resources.
Multifaceted (adj) - Having many different aspects or elements.
Knack (n) - A natural skill or talent for doing something.

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Hollywood’s writers are on strike. Shows have stopped, scripts are going unwritten, and there is no sign of an end. Let’s discuss the reasons behind the strike and the potential consequences on today’s episode!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/05/22/235-why-is-hollywood-on-strike-hollywood-writers-strike-explained/

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Vocabulary

Strike (n) - a period of time when workers refuse to work because of an argument with an employer about working conditions, pay levels, or job losses.
Studio (n) - a building or place where films are made, or a company that makes them.
To walk out (phrasal v) - to stop working or leave your job because of a disagreement with your employer.
Script (n) - the words of a film, play, broadcast, or speech.
Union (n) - an organization that represents the people who work in a particular industry, protects their rights, and discusses their pay and working conditions with employers.
Compensation (n) - the combination of money and other benefits (= rewards) that an employee receives for doing their job.
Residual (n) - a payment made to an actor, singer, writer, etc. for repeated uses of their work.
Season (n) - one of several series of television programmes with the same title and the same characters.

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India is now the most populous country. Today, let’s discuss how this happened, the numbers behind India’s growth, and discuss the challenges and opportunities for the country in the future!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/05/17/234-how-did-india-become-the-most-populous-country/

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Vocabulary

Populous (adj) - A populous country, area, or place has a lot of people living in it.
Demographic (adj) - relating to demography (= the study of populations and the different groups that make them up)
Estimated (adj) - roughly calculated or approximate.
Ageing (adj) - relating to getting older and used to describe a person or thing that is getting old.
Fertility rate (n) - the average number of children that would be born to a female over their lifetime.
Geopolitics (n) - the way a country's size, position, etc. influence its power and its relationships with other countries.
Talent pool (n) - the suitable, skilled people who are available to be chosen to do a particular type of job.
Workforce (n) - the group of people who work in a company, industry, country, etc.

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Do you struggle to speak confidently in English? In this episode, I’ll explore practical tips and strategies to help you build your confidence and improve your speaking skills in English, so you can communicate with ease and confidence!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/05/15/233-how-to-speak-confidently-in-english/

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What is the best method to improve your English reading ability? Let’s try to answer this question by looking at some of the most popular and scientific approaches to improve you comprehension, efficiency, and reading speed!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/05/10/232-what-is-the-best-method-to-improve-your-english-reading-ability/

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Timestamps

00:00 Patreon

00:30 Introduction

01:27 Main Section

29:07 Conclusion

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From a crown mounted with the embroidered head of a raven, to drinking mildly narcotic beverages, to water collected from rivers at a specific time, there are a lot of unique and sometimes strange coronation ceremonies around the world. Let’s learn about a few today!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/05/08/unique-coronation-traditions-from-around-the-world/

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Vocabulary

Symbol (n) - a sign, shape, or object that is used to represent something else.
Sacred (adj) - considered to be holy and deserving respect, especially because of a connection with a god.
Enthronement (n) - the act of putting a king, queen, etc. through the ceremony of sitting on a throne (= chair used in ceremonies) in order to mark the official beginning of their period in power.
Purification (n) - in some religions, the act of removing from a person, usually by a ceremony, the bad effects that they are suffering.
To revere (v) - to very much respect and admire someone or something.
Deity (n) - a god or goddess.
Dignitary (n) - a person who has an important position in a society.
To bless (v) - to call or make someone or something holy.

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On May 6th, the coronation of King Charles III will be held in London. Let’s discuss the events, ceremonies, and vocabulary you need to know about Charles’ coronation!

⁠TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/05/03/what-is-king-charles-coronation/⁠

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Vocabulary

To crown (v) - to put a crown on someone's head in an official ceremony that makes that person king or queen.
Accession (n) - the time when someone starts a position of authority, especially a king or queen,
Throne (n) - the special chair used by a king or queen, and the state of being a ruler.
To anoint (v) - to make someone king or queen, especially as part of a religious ceremony.
Regalia (n) - official and traditional special clothes and decorations, especially those worn or carried in formal ceremonies.
Carriage (n) - a vehicle with four wheels that is usually pulled by horses and was used mainly in the past.
Congregation (n) - a group of people who have come together in a religious building for worship and prayer.
Homage (n) - deep respect and often praise shown for a person or god.

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Today I want to discuss the benefits of long-term thinking and planning when it comes to language learning!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/05/01/thinking-long-term-the-key-to-successful-language-learning/

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JOIN THE CONVERSATION CLUB -- https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish What is the most famous political assassination in modern history? Let’s take a look at five infamous assassinations, the leaders who were sadly killed, and the lasting legacies of these traumatic events!TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/04/26/most-famous-political-assassinations-in-history/My LinksENGLISH CLASSES - https://thinkinginenglish.link/ ⁠Buy Me a Coffee - https://www.buymeacoffee.com/dashboard⁠NEW YOUTUBE Channel!!! - https://www.youtube.com/@thinkinginenglishpodcast INSTAGRAM - thinkinginenglishpodcast (https://www.instagram.com/thinkinginenglishpodcast/) Blog - thinkinginenglish.blogVocabulary To assassinate (v) - to kill someone famous or important. High-profile (adj) - attracting a lot of attention and interest from the public and newspapers, television, etc. Speculation (n) - the activity of guessing possible answers to a question without having enough information to be certain. Mourning (n) - great sadness felt because someone has died. Exile (n) - the condition of someone being sent or kept away from their own country, village, etc., especially for political reasons. Cover-up (n) - an attempt to prevent the public from discovering information about a serious crime or mistake. To depose (v) - to remove someone important from a powerful position. Assailant (n) - a person who attacks another person.--- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thinking-english/messageSupport this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thinking-english/support

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JOIN THE CONVERSATION CLUB -- https://www.patreon.com/thinkinginenglish The United Nations are one of the most important international organisations in the world… but how much do you really know about the UN? Let’s discuss the background, history, purposes, controversies, and future of the United Nations!TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/04/24/what-is-the-united-nations/My LinksENGLISH CLASSES - https://thinkinginenglish.link/ ⁠Buy Me a Coffee - https://www.buymeacoffee.com/dashboard⁠NEW YOUTUBE Channel!!! - https://www.youtube.com/@thinkinginenglishpodcast INSTAGRAM - thinkinginenglishpodcast (https://www.instagram.com/thinkinginenglishpodcast/) Blog - thinkinginenglish.blogVocabulary Principle (n) - a basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works. Cooperation (n) – the act of working together for a shared purpose. Forum (n) - a situation or meeting in which people can talk about a problem or matter especially of public interest. Ground-breaking (adj) - If something is ground-breaking, it is very new and a big change from other things of its type. Peacekeeping (n) - the activity of preventing war and violence, especially using armed forces not involved in a disagreement to prevent fighting. Instrumental (adj) - If someone or something is instrumental in a process, plan, or system, that person or thing is one of the most important influences in causing it to happen. Bureaucratic (adj) - involving complicated rules and processes that make something slow and difficult. Isolationism (n) - the political principle or practice of showing interest only in your own country and not being involved in international activities.--- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thinking-english/messageSupport this podcast: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/thinking-english/support

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Sudan is in a state of crisis. Conflict is raging between military and paramilitary forces, and ordinary Sudanese people are trapped in the middle of the violence. Today, let’s discuss the background of this conflict, why fighting started, and what the future holds for Sudan!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/04/19/226-what-is-happening-in-sudan-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Paramilitary (adj) - A paramilitary group is organized like an army but is not official and often not legal.
Civilian (adj) - relating to a person who is not a member of the police or the armed forces.
Outbreak (n) - a sudden appearance of something, esp. of a disease or something else dangerous or unpleasant.
Coup d’état (n) - sudden defeat of a government through illegal force by a small group, often a military one
Transition (n) - a change from one form or type to another, or the process by which this happens.
To redeploy (v) - to move employees, soldiers, equipment, etc. to a different place or use them in a more effective way.
To bear the brunt (idiom) - Put up with the worst of some bad circumstance.
Ramification (n) - the possible results of an action.

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Earlier this month, Finland became the 31st member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation, better known as NATO. Today, I want to explain the origins of NATO, its purpose, and discuss why Finland joining is a significant move!

⁠TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/04/17/225-what-is-nato/⁠

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Vocabulary

Accession (n) - the time when a country officially joins a group of countries or signs an agreement.
Alliance (n) - a group of countries, political parties, or people who have agreed to work together because of shared interests or aims.
To reel (v) - If you reel, or your mind or brain reels, you feel very confused or shocked and unable to act.
Meaningful (adj) - useful, serious, or important.
Collective (adj) - done or shared by every member of a group.
To deter (v) - to prevent someone from doing something or to make someone less enthusiastic about doing something by making it difficult for that person to do it or by threatening bad results if they do it.
To constitute (v) - to form or make something.
Non-alignment (adj) - If a country is non-aligned, it does not support or depend on any powerful country or group of countries.

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In English, we call Germany “Germany”; in German, it is “Deutschland”; in Japanese it is “Doitsu”; in French it is “Allemagne.” Today I want to look at why countries have different names in different languages!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/04/12/224-why-do-countries-have-different-names-in-different-languages/

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Vocabulary

To name (v) - to give someone or something a name.
Endonym (n) - the name used to refer to a place by its inhabitants, as opposed to a name used by foreigners.
Exonym (n) - a name used by outsiders for a place.
Linguistic (adj) - connected with language or the study of language.
Variation (n) – something that is slightly different from the usual form or arrangement.
To derive (v) - to get something from something else.
To entrench (v) - to firmly establish something, especially an idea or a problem, so that it cannot be changed.

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Confucius is one of the most influential philosophers and teachers of all time. Today, I want to examine his approach to education and learning, and see if there are any lessons we can all learn from him!

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Vocabulary

Profound (adj) - felt or experienced very strongly or in an extreme way.
Disillusioned (adj) - disappointed and unhappy because of discovering the truth about something or someone that you liked or respected.
Multifaceted (adj) - having many different parts or sides.
To internalize (v) - to accept or absorb an idea, opinion, belief, etc. so that it becomes part of your character.
Noble (adj) - moral in an honest, brave, and kind way.
Imitation (n) - an occasion when someone or something copies another person or thing.
Worthy (adj) - deserving respect, admiration, or support.

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What is gene-edited food? Why is it controversial? And should we be eating it? Let’s discuss this today and learn some new vocabulary at the same time!

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Vocabulary

Gene (n) - a part of the DNA in a cell that controls the physical development, behaviour, etc. of an individual plant or animal and is passed on from its parents.
Resilient (adj) - able to improve quickly after being hurt or being ill.
To breed (v) - to keep animals or plants for the purpose of producing young animals or plants, often for chosen qualities.
Organism (n) - a single living plant, animal, virus, etc.
Mutation (n) - the way in which genes change and produce permanent differences:
To exacerbate (v) - to make something that is already bad even worse.
Yield (n) - an amount of something positive, such as food or profit, that is produced or supplied.

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English is the global lingua franca – the language of international business, diplomacy, and education. But why? Is English still a colonial language?

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Vocabulary

Lingua franca (n) - a language used for communication between groups of people who speak different languages.
Colonial (adj) - relating to a colony or colonialism.
To impose (v) - to force someone to accept something, especially a belief or way of living.
Dominance (n) - the quality of being more important, strong, or successful than anything else of the same type.
Legacy (n) - something that is a part of your history or that remains from an earlier time.
To marginalize (v) - to treat someone or something as if they are not important.
Imbalance (n) - a situation in which two things that should be equal or that are normally equal are not
To homogenise (v) - to change something so that all its parts or features become the same or very similar.

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"The biggest crisis in the history of the country". This is how one key politician has described the massive wave of protests, unrest, and strikes currently affecting Israel. Let’s look at why people are taking to the streets and what is causing so much anger on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

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Vocabulary

To take to the streets (idiom) - When people take to the streets, they express their opposition to something in public and often violently.
To walk out (phrasal v) - to refuse to continue working and leave your office, factory, etc. to show your employer that you are unhappy about something.
Reform (n) – a change or set of changes made to a system, law, organization, etc. in order to make it more modern or effective.
Judicial (adj) - relating to the legal system and the branch of government responsible for the legal system
Unfit (adj) - not suitable or good enough for a particular purpose or activity.
To undermine (v) - to make someone less confident, less powerful, or less likely to succeed, or to make something weaker, often gradually.
Rupture (n) - an occasion when something explodes, breaks, or tears.
Unrest (n) - disagreements or fighting between different groups of people.

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Who was the most powerful woman in history? Was it the only female emperor of China? A female Egyptian Pharaoh who built great temples? Or the Iron Lady who’s economic policies are still influential today? Let’s discuss this on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/03/27/219-who-was-the-most-powerful-woman-in-history/

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Vocabulary

Diffuse (adj) - spread out and not directed in one place.
To relegate (v) - to put someone or something into a lower or less important rank or position.
Trappings (n) - all the things that are part of or typical of a particular job, situation, or event.
To seize (v) - to take using sudden force.
To solidify (v) - to become or make something become certain.
Feeble (adj) – weak and without energy, strength, or power.
Manoeuvring (n) - the action of cleverly planning something to get an advantage.
Sweeping (adj) - affecting many things or people; large.

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Last week, the International Criminal Court issued an arrest warrant for Russian president Vladimir Putin. But could Putin ever actually be arrested? Let’s discuss this and more on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

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Vocabulary

Warrant (n) - an official document, signed by a judge or other person in authority, that gives the police permission to search someone's home, arrest a person, or take some other action
To allege (v) - to say that someone has done something illegal or wrong without giving proof
Deportation (n) - forcing someone to leave a country, especially someone who has no legal right to be there or who has broken the law.
To ratify (v) - (especially of governments or organizations) to make an agreement official.
To prosecute (v) - to try to prove that a person accused of committing a crime is guilty of that crime.
To indoctrinate (v) - to often repeat an idea or belief to someone until they accept it without criticism or question.
Allegation (n) - a statement, made without giving proof, that someone has done something wrong or illegal.
Accusation (n) - a statement saying that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

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Today, I want to introduce you all to the benefits and joys of using poetry to learn English! Poetry is an incredible, yet underused, resource for English learners that I believe will be of help to many of you listening.

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Socrates is considered to be one of the founders of western philosphy and thought. Today, I want to look at his ideas and approach to asking questions, and then see if there are any lessons language learners like us can learn from Socrates!

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Vocabulary To question (v) - to express doubts about the value or truth of something. Results from a study questioned whether treatment with the drug really improved survival. * To examine (v) – to consider a thing carefully and in detail in order to discover something. The council is to examine ways of reducing traffic in the city centre. * Contradiction (n) - the fact of something being the complete opposite of something else or very different from something else, so that one of them must be wrong. You say that you're good friends and yet you don't trust him. Isn't that a contradiction? * Ignorance (n) - lack of knowledge, understanding, or information about something. Public ignorance about the disease is still a cause for concern. * Dialectical (adj) - discovering what is true by considering opposite theories. Contradiction is after all what dialectical thinking is all about. * Assumption (n) - something that you accept as true without question or proof. People tend to make assumptions about you when you have a disability. * Preconception (n) - an idea or opinion formed before enough information is available to form it correctly. Try to go into the meeting without too many preconceptions about what the other group wants.*

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Over the past few months, the EU, USA, and Canada have all taken steps to ban the popular social media application TikTok. Why? Today, I’m going to explain why countries are considering banning TikTok, and ask whether or not it should be banned!

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Vocabulary To lip-sync (v) - Performers who lip-sync songs pretend to be singing them when in fact they are just moving their lips. Actors both sing and lip-sync to familiar tunes. * Generation (n) - all the people of about the same age within a society or within a particular family. The younger generation smokes less than their parents did. * Controversial (adj) - causing disagreement or discussion. The book was very controversial. * Application (n) - a computer program or piece of software designed for a particular purpose that you can download onto a mobile phone or other mobile device. There are apps for everything, from learning a language to booking cinema tickets. * Merger (n) - an occasion when two or more companies or organizations join together to make one larger company. The merger of these two companies would create the world's biggest accounting firm. * To crack down (phrasal v) - to start dealing with bad or illegal behaviour in a more severe way. The library is cracking down on people who lose their books. * Data (n) - information, especially facts or numbers, collected to be examined and considered and used to help decision-making The data was collected by various researchers. * To manipulate (v) - to control something or someone to your advantage, often unfairly or dishonestly. Throughout her career she has very successfully manipulated the media.*

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Last weekend, the United Nations finally reached an agreement to protect the oceans after decades of negotiations. Today, I want to talk about ther UN Treaty on the High Seas while introducing you all to some new vocabulary!

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Vocabulary Treaty (n) - a written agreement between two or more countries, formally approved and signed by their leaders. The two countries have never signed a peace treaty. * To safeguard (v) - to protect something from harm. The court is supposed to safeguard our right to free speech and a free press. * Marine (adj) - related to the sea. The oil slick seriously threatens marine life around the islands. * To negotiate - to have formal discussions with someone in order to reach an agreement with them. I'm negotiating for a new contract. * Legal framework (n) - a system of rules and ideas that is used to plan or decide something. We need a legal framework for resolving disputes. * Landmark (n) - an important stage in the development of something. The landmark deal secures 6,000 jobs. * Provision (n) - a statement within an agreement or a law that a particular thing must happen or be done, especially before another can happen or be done. We have inserted certain provisions into the treaty to safeguard foreign workers, * To reach (v) - to make a decision, agreement, etc. about something. We'll inform you when a decision has been reached*

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Today, I want to introduce you all to the ancient and influential philosophy of Stoicism, and explain how its teachings could be useful and beneficial to your English learning journey!

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Should employees be entitled to the right to disconnect? Should companies be banned from sending you emails or setting you tasks out of work hours? Or is this bad for business? Let’s discuss this debate in today’s episode!

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Vocabulary

To disconnect (v) – to stop being connected to the internet, phone line, or something similarSometimes I need to disconnect from the internet for a few days
To disengage (v) - to stop being involved in something, or to stop someone being involved in something.The children refused to disengage from their game.
Work-life balance (n) - the amount of time you spend doing your job compared with the amount of time you spend with your family and doing things you enjoy.It can be difficult to get the right work-life balance.
To blur (v) - to make the difference between two things less clear, or to make it difficult to see the exact truth about somethingThis film blurs the line/distinction/boundary between reality and fantasy.
Boundary (n) - the limit of what someone considers to be acceptable behaviour.Try to show love while respecting each other's boundaries.
Task at hand (n) - the work someone is doing now.Let’s concentrate on the task at hand.
Policy (n) - a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular situations that has been agreed to officially by a group of people, a business organization, a government, or a political party.They believe that Europe needs a common foreign and security policy.
Middle ground (n) - a position between two opposite opinions in an argument, or between two descriptionsThe UN peace envoy has failed to find any middle ground between the government and the opposition parties.

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I’m sure many of you have heard about Ai and ChatGPT, but have you ever thought about using them to help you study, practice, and learn English? Listen to this episode for a complete introduction to ChatGPT, and its uses (and limitations) for English learners!

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In today’s episode I want to talk about greenwashing. Let’s discuss the definition, some examples of greenwashing, what the consequences of greenwashing are, and how to identify it!My Links

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Vocabulary Sustainable (adj) - causing, or made in a way that causes, little or no damage to the environment and therefore able to continue for a long time. The website encourages sustainable fashion through swapping. * Environmentally friendly (adj) - not harmful to the environment, or trying to help the environment. We will use environmentally friendly energy sources. * Marketing (n) - a job that involves encouraging people to buy a product or service. He would like a career in marketing. * To mislead (v) – to cause someone to believe something that is not true. He has admitted misleading the police. * -Conscious (suffix) – used after nouns and adverbs to mean “knowing about and worried about a particular thing” or “thinking that something is important” We appeal to health-conscious consumers. * Biodegradable (adj) – able to decay naturally and in a way that is not harmful. Biodegradable packaging helps to limit the amount of harmful chemicals released into the environment. * Certification (n) – the act of providing an official document as proof that something has happened or been done Fairtrade is a certification that guarantees producers in the developing world are paid a fair price for their crops. * Consumer (n) – a person who buys goods or services for their own use The new rates will affect all consumers, including businesses*

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Today I’m going to talk about English filler words! I’ll explain why we use filler words, why you should stop using them, and how to reduce the number of likes, ums, and you knows in your English speech.

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Today’s episode will introduce and explain vocabulary that may be essential in a disaster. I will teach you key phrases and words to describe disasters, raise awareness and gain support, and that may help you survive in a disaster situation. This episode is dedicated to the people affected by the recent earthquake in Turkey and the Middle East, and should hopefully be a useful resource to people wanting to communicate about natural disasters in English.

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Today, let’s discuss the history of St Valentine’s Day. How did the holiday transform from a Roman festival to a Christian holiday to an international day of love? Let’s discuss this while learning new vocabulary!

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Vocabulary To exchange (v) - the act of giving something to someone and them giving you something elseI exchanged gifts with my girlfriend * Saint (n) – (St) a person who has received an official honour from the Christian, especially the Roman Catholic, Church for having lived in a good and holy waySaint George is the patron saint of England * To convert (v) - to change to a new religionHe converted to Catholicism when he got married * Festival (n) - a special day or period, usually in memory of a religious event, with its own social activities, food, or ceremoniesHoli is a famous festival in India* * Fertility (n) - the quality of being able to produce young or fruitShe began fertility treatment at the clinic three years ago * To commercialise (v) - to develop or organize something in order to make as much money as possibleChristmas is now a commercialised holiday * Affection (n) - a feeling of liking for a person or placeHe had a deep affection for his aunt

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Today I am going to give you all an introduction to the different methods commonly used to improve pronunciation. Listen to discover the best way to develop excellent pronunciation and correct the underlying issues you face!

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From tennis, ping pong, and badminton to boxing, rugby, and football, the rules of many modern sports were written by British people! Why? Today I want to explain how and why so many of the world’s sports were invented by the British!

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Vocabulary To invent (v) - to design or create something that did not exist before. The World Wide Web was invented in 1989. * Folk (adj) - traditional to or typical of a particular group or country, especially one where people mainly live in the countryside, and usually passed on from parents to their children over a long period of time. There are some unique folk dances in this city. * To codify (v) - to organize and write a law or system of laws. The UK doesn’t have a codified constitution. * Alumni (plural n) - men and women who have completed their studies, esp. at a school, college, or university. There will be reunion of university alumni next week. * Elite (adj) - belonging to the richest, most powerful, best-educated, or best-trained group in a society. Elite universities are very competitive to enter. * Boarding school (n) - a school where students live and study. He studied at a boarding school in the UK. * Administrator (n) - someone whose job is to control the operation of a business, organization, or plan. She works as a school administrator. * Set something up (phrasal v) - to formally establish a new company, organization, system, way of working, etc. She plans to set up her own business.*

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Today, let’s learn about clichés and jargon – perhaps the most annoying parts of the English language. We’ll look at some examples, discuss why clear English is important, and I’ll give you some tips on how to remove clichés and jargon from your vocabulary!

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Despite being a tiny rock on the south coast of the Iberian Peninsula, Gibraltar is at the heart of constant arguments between the UK and Spain. Today, I want to discuss why Gibraltar is British and whether it could (or should) return to Spain in the future!

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Vocabulary Iberian Peninsula (n) - the area of land that consists of Spain, Portugal, Andorra, Gibraltar, and part of France The Iberian Peninsula is situated in the southwest of Europe * Territory (n) – land that is considered as belonging to or connected with a particular country He was stranded in enemy territory * To cede (v) - to allow someone else to have or own something, especially unwillingly or because you are forced to do so Hong Kong was ceded to Britain after the Opium War * To relinquish (v) - to give up something such as a responsibility or claim He has relinquished his claim to the throne. * Sovereignty (n) - the power of a country to control its own government Talks are being held about who should have sovereignty over the island. * self-determination (n) - the ability or power to make decisions for yourself, especially the power of a nation to decide how it will be governed Self-determination is an important idea in international law * Integral (adj) - necessary and important as a part of a whole He's an integral part of the team and we can't do without him*

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Jacinda Ardern, the well-known Prime Minister of New Zealand, has resigned after five years in the job. From mass shootings and Covid-19, to having a baby in office, Ardern dealt with many issues and became popular around the world. Today, let’s discuss why Ardern resigned as Prime Minister while learning some new vocabulary.

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Vocabulary Anti-vax (adj) - Opposing or refusing vaccination. Many anti-vax activists believe that vaccinations are dangerous * Progressive (adj) - Favouring or advocating progress, change, improvement, or reform, especially social or political reform. The progressive movement has been pushing for greater social and economic equality * Deputy (n) - A person appointed or elected to act as the substitute or representative of another. The deputy mayor will be in charge while the mayor is away on vacation. * To criticise (v) - To express disapproval of; to find fault with; to judge adversely; to censure. The critics were quick to criticise the new play for its lack of depth * Empathy (n) - The ability to understand and share the feelings of another. The therapist showed empathy towards her patient who was going through a difficult time * To applaud (v) - showing approval, praise or admiration through actions or words. She was applauded for her response to the crisis, as many felt she handled it with grace and poise * Handling (n) - The action of managing or dealing with something or someone. The handling of the crisis by the government was criticized by many experts. * Enough in the tank (phrase) - Sufficient amount of energy or resources to complete a task or maintain a particular level of performance. I'm feeling good today, I think I've got enough in the tank to run this marathon*

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In the 1980s, the world was terrified by the threat of holes in the ozone layer. Today, these holes are almost gone. How did this happen? How did humans heal the ozone layer? And are there any lessons we could learn from this?

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Vocabulary Ozone (n) - a colourless gas that is a form of oxygen. The ozone layer absorbs radiation from the sun * Atmosphere (n) - the mixture of gases around the earth. These factories are releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere * Stratosphere (n) - a layer in the upper atmosphere of a planet where the temperature increases with height. The ash cloud rose 35km into the stratosphere * Radiation (n) - energy in the form of waves or particles. Ultraviolet radiation can cause skin cancer * CFC (n) - abbreviation for chlorofluorocarbon: a gas used in fridges and, in the past, in aerosols. CFCs cause damage to the ozone layer * Molecule (n) - the smallest unit into which a substance can be divided without chemical change, usually a group of two or more atoms. An ozone molecule contains three oxygen atoms * Protocol (n) - a formal international agreement. The Geneva Protocol of 1925 prohibits the use of poisonous gases in war. * To ratify (v) - (especially of governments or organizations) to make an agreement official. Many countries have now ratified the UN convention on the rights of the child.*

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/01/18/key-workplace-vocabulary-terms-from-2022/

What is quiet quitting? How about productivity paranoia? Or career cushioning? Today, I want to talk about some essential vocabulary terms from 2022 that describe the way we work and our workplaces!

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/01/16/199-the-wealthiest-people-in-history-english-vocabulary-lesson/

Last week I talked about Mansa Musa, an African King with indescribable wealth. Today, I’m going to discuss more of the wealthiest people in history – from the Emperors of Song Dynasty China, Rome, and the Mughal Empire, to American Industrialists John D Rockefeller and Andrew Carnegie. Let’s listen, learn, and practice our English!

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Vocabulary ListWorth (adj) - having a particular value, especially in money

Our house is worth £200,000.

Equivalent (adj) - having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc

She's doing the equivalent job in the new company but for more money

Output (n) - an amount of something produced by a person, machine, factory, country, etc

Last year manufacturing output fell by 14 percent

Extravagant (adj) - spending too much money, or using too much of something

He had the extravagant lifestyle of a movie star

Invest (v) - to put money into something to make a profit

The institute will invest five million in the project

To finance (v) - to provide the money needed for something to happen

The city council has refused to finance the project

Monopoly (n) - (an organization or group that has) complete control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no share

There are laws to stop companies becoming monopolies

To fund (v) - to provide the money to pay for an event, activity, or organization

The company has agreed to fund my trip to Australia

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/01/11/who-was-the-richest-person-in-history/

Who was the richest person in history? Today I want to tell you all about an African Emperor who had levels of wealth considered unbelievable and incomprehensible! Let’s learn while practicing our English!

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Vocabulary ListNet worth (n) - the value of the assets (= property and money) that a person or business has, after any debts are taken away

He has a net worth of about £70 million.

Wealth (n) - a large amount of money or valuable possessions that someone has

During a successful business career, she accumulated a great amount of wealth

Value (n) - the amount of money that can be received for something

What is the value of the prize?

To estimate (v) - to guess or calculate the cost, size, value, etc. of something

They estimate (that) the journey will take at least two weeks

Incomprehensible (adj) - impossible or extremely difficult to understand

The student’s essay was almost incomprehensible

From head to toe (idiom) - completely covering your body

The dog was covered in mud from head to toe

Generous (adj) - willing to give money, help, kindness, etc., especially more than is usual or expected

He was a very generous man

Renowned (adj) – famous for something

The region is renowned for its outstanding natural beauty

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/01/09/what-is-imposter-syndrome-and-how-to-overcome-it/

Today I want to talk about imposter syndrome. This is a condition that has affected me and affects millions of language learners every year. I want to explain it, discuss its causes and signs, and offer you all some tips on how to cope and overcome such imposter feelings!

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/01/04/the-best-new-years-resolutions-for-english-learners/

What is your New Year’s Resolution? Let’s talk about how to make a great English learning goal for 2023 and how to keep your resolution all year!

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2023/01/02/why-is-it-2023/

Welcome to the first Thinking in English episode of 2023! Or… is it really 2023? Let’s discuss this history of calendars, time, and dates on today’s episode (and practice your listening comprehension and vocabulary skills at the same time)!

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Vocabulary ListTake for granted (phrase) - to believe something to be the truth without even thinking about it

I guess we all took it for granted that water would always be freely available

Solar (adj) – of or from the sun

I want to build a solar power car

Lunar (adj) – of or relating to the moon

The lunar rover landed safely on the moon

Approximately (adv) - close to a particular number or time although not exactly that number or time

The job will take approximately three weeks, and cost approximately £1,000

Breakthrough (n) - an important discovery or event that helps to improve a situation or provide an answer to a problem

Scientists are hoping for a breakthrough in the search for a cure for cancer

Drift (v) - to move slowly, especially as a result of outside forces, with no control over direction

No one noticed that the boat had begun to drift out to sea

Divisible (adj) – meaning that can be divided by another number

A prime number is only divisible by 1 and itself

Official (adj) - agreed to or arranged by people in positions of authority

The official opening of the store is next week

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TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/12/21/what-is-the-weirdest-holiday-tradition/

Christmas and New Year are popular holidays celebrated across the world. Today, I want to talk about some of the more unusual ways to celebrate during the winter season. What is the weirdest holiday tradition?

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Vocabulary ListTradition (n) - a way of behaving or a belief that has been established for a long time

It is a western tradition for brides to wear white.

Weird (adj) - very strange and unusual, unexpected, or not natural

Her boyfriend's a bit weird but she's nice.

Unique (adj) – being unusual or special in some way

I'd recognize your handwriting anywhere - it's unique.

To decorate (v) - to add something to an object or place, especially in order to make it more attractive

He decorated his Christmas tree with lights and stars

To poop (v) - to pass solid waste from the body

Your dog pooped outside my house

Mischief (n) – behaviour that is slightly bad but is not intended to cause serious harm or damage

He needs a hobby to keep him busy and stop him from getting into mischief.

Oblivious (adj) - not conscious of something, especially what is happening around you

He was oblivious to his friend’s feelings

Obscure (adj) - not known to many people

He only like obscure band

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/12/19/what-happened-in-2022/

What happened in 2022? How much do you remember about the previous year? Today I’m going to go through every major event that occurred in 2022! Listen, learn, and practice your English!

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/12/14/how-to-immerse-yourself-in-english/

Surrounding yourself with English is the best way to improve, learn, and progress. But how can you do this when you don’t live in the UK, USA, or any English-speaking country? Keep listening and you’ll find out a lot of useful information about language immersion and how to do it yourself!

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/12/12/should-the-uk-return-stolen-historical-artefacts/

The British Museum is full of controversial artefacts. Should the UK return these historical objects? Let’s discuss this question today!

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Vocabulary ListArtefact (n) - an object that has been made by a person, such as a tool or a decoration, especially one that is of historical interest

The museum's collection includes artefacts dating back to prehistoric times.

Exhibit (n) - an object that is shown to the public in a museum

Let's go see the new dinosaur exhibit

To repatriate (v) - to send or bring something back to the country that it came from

The government repatriated him because he had no visa

Plaque (n) - a flat piece of metal, stone, wood, or plastic with writing on it that is attached to a wall

There was a brass plaque outside the door listing the owners’ names

To loot (v) - to steal from shops and houses

During the riot shops were looted

Collection (n) - a group of objects that someone has collected

That museum has a great collection of stamps

Hieroglyph (n) - a picture or symbol that represents a word, used in some writing systems, such as the one used in ancient Egypt

Hieroglyphs cover the walls of pyramids in Ancient Egypt

Sculpture (n) – a work of art made by creating objects out of material such as wood, clay, metal, or stone

In the ruins they found ancient stone sculpture

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/12/07/england-vs-france-an-historic-rivalry/

On Saturday, 10th December, England will play France in the World Cup quarter final. The rivalry between England and France is one of the longest and most influential in Europe – it has led to wars, battles, arguments, and much more. Let’s discuss the history of French and English relations and talk about why there is such a rivalry!

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Vocabulary ListRival (n) - a person, company, product, etc. competing with others for the same thing or in the same area

He beat his closest rival by 25%

Rivalry (n) - a situation in which people, businesses, etc. compete with each other for the same thing:

There is a rivalry between the three brothers

Conquest (n) - taking control or possession of foreign land, or a group of people, by force

The Norman conquest of England introduced French vocabulary to Britain

Victorious (adj) - having won a game, competition, election, war, etc

The victorious team were loudly cheered by their fans.

To invade (v) - to enter a country by force with large numbers of soldiers in order to take possession of it

The Mongolians tried, and failed, to invade Japan twice

Ally (n) - a country that has agreed officially to give help and support to another one

During the First World War, Turkey was an ally of Germany.

To veto (v) - to refuse to allow something

In 1961, President De Gaulle vetoed Britain's entry into the Common Market

Favourite (n) - the person, team, or animal most people expect to win a race or competition

France are one of the favourites to

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/12/05/why-are-people-protesting-in-china/

Thousands of people have taken to the streets in China, chanting slogans and holding pieces of white paper. Why are people protesting? What has caused the anger? And what is going to happen next? Let’s discuss these questions while practicing some useful English vocabulary!

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Vocabulary ListTo demonstrate (v) - to make a public expression that you are not satisfied about something, especially by marching or having a meeting

Thousands of people gathered to demonstrate against the new proposals.

Lockdown (n) - a period of time in which people are not allowed to leave their homes or travel freely, because of a dangerous disease

The government has been attempting to eliminate the virus by imposing a lockdown

To crush (v) - to defeat someone completely

The government crushed the protests last week

To embrace (v) - to accept something enthusiastically

I embraced the opportunity he gave me

At the expense of (idiom) - If you do one thing at the expense of another, doing the first thing harms the second thing

The company prioritised speed at the expense of safety

To trigger (v) - to cause something to start

An incident of police violence triggered protests across the country

To censor (v) - to remove parts of something, such as a book, movie, or letter, that you do not want someone to see or hear

They censored the movie before releasing it in China

Underlying (adj) - real but not immediately obvious

We need to tackle the underlying causes of poverty and suffering

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/11/30/why-is-scotland-in-the-uk/

What is the difference between the UK, Great Britain, the British Isles, and England? What is the United Kingdom? And why did Scotland join the UK? Let’s discuss these topics, and practice some vocabulary, on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

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Vocabulary ListInterchangeably (adv) - in a way that can be exchanged without making any difference or without being noticed

Figs can be used interchangeably with dates in this recipe

Kingdom (n) - a country ruled by a king or queen

They visited many kingdoms while travelling

Union (n) - a political unit made up of two or more separate units such as states

The United Kingdom is a union of England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland

To conquer (v) - to take control or possession of foreign land, or a group of people, by force

The English were conquered by the Normans in 1066

Sovereign (adj) - having the highest power or being completely independent

We must respect the rights of sovereign states/nations to conduct their own affairs.

Bankrupt (informal adj) - having no money

I’ll go bankrupt if you keep asking me for money!

Devolution (n) - the moving of power or responsibility from a main organization to a lower level, or from a central government to a local government

The majority of people in the region are in favour of devolution.

Referendum (n) - a vote in which all the people in a country or an area are asked to give their opinion about or decide an important political or social question

We will hold a referendum on independence next year

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/11/28/i-moved-country-again/

After a year and a half living in Tokyo, Japan, I have returned home to the UK! As I didn’t have enough time to write a normal Thinking in English episode for today, I thought I would do something a little different and talk about why I left Japan, my journey back home, how I’m feeling, and what is next for me! And, at the same time, we can learn and practise our English vocabulary!!

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TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/11/23/should-we-boycott-the-qatar-world-cup/

Qatar is hosting this year’s World Cup… but not everyone is happy about it. Allegations of corruption, human rights abuses, the mistreatment of workers, and dangerous conditions for players have caused the 2022 World Cup to be the most controversial in history! So, should we boycott it?

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Vocabulary List To boycott (v) - to refuse to buy a product or take part in an activity as a way of expressing strong disapproval

People were urged to boycott the country's products.

Controversial (adj) - causing disagreement or discussion

The book was very controversial.

To award (v) - to give something valuable, such as money or a prize following an official decision

Their company was awarded a contract worth $40 million by the government.

Bid (n) - an offer to do something when you are competing with other people to do it

Sydney made a successful bid to host the Olympic Games

Corruption (n) - illegal, bad, or dishonest behaviour, especially by people in positions of power

Political corruption is widespread throughout the country.

migrant worker (n) - a person who moves to another country or area in order to find employment, in particular seasonal or temporary work

The food industry is heavily dependent on migrant workers from other countries

To undermine (v) - to make something weaker

Scandals have undermined the government over the past year.

Appalling (adj) - shocking and very bad

Prisoners were kept in the most appalling conditions

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/11/21/who-is-elon-musk/

He is probably the most famous person in the world right now. One of the world’s richest people, the CEO of the world’s most valuable car manufacturer, and now the new owner of Twitter! But who is Elon Musk?

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Vocabulary List Estranged (adj) - If you are estranged from your family or friends, you are no longer friendly with them

It's sad to see someone estranged from their parents

Booming (adj) - increasing or becoming successful and producing a lot of money very quickly

Business is booming at the moment.

To pocket (v) - take or receive (money or other valuables) for oneself

The politician pocketed around $10,000 for a 20-minute speech

To found (v) - to bring something into existence

She left a large sum of money in her will to found a wildlife sanctuary

Board (n) - the group of people who are responsible for controlling and organizing a company or organization

Every decision has to be approved by the board

Bot (n) - a computer program that works automatically, especially one that searches for and finds information on the internet

Criminals create networks of bots that roam the internet infecting PCs with viruses

Hardcore (adj) - denoting an extreme or intense example of something

We performed 60 concerts in 60 days – it was hardcore

Town square (n) - An open area commonly found in the heart of a traditional town, used for community gatherings

Elon Musk wants Twitter to become the intern

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TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/11/16/what-is-thanksgiving/

What is Thanksgiving? Children in the US are taught it is a day to celebrate the friendship between Native American tribes and the first English settlers. Today, I want to talk about the real history – the dark story of war, disease, and the destruction of Native American society. So… let’s discuss the story of Thanksgiving and learn some new vocabulary at the same time!

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Vocabulary List To celebrate (v) - to take part in special enjoyable activities in order to show that a particular occasion is important

We always celebrate his birthday by going out to dinner

Ubiquitous (adj) - seeming to be everywhere

Mobile phones are now ubiquitous across all ages

Myth (n) - a commonly believed but false idea

Statistics disprove the myth that small people are angrier

Pilgrim (n) - a member of the group of English people who sailed to America and began living in Plymouth, Massachusetts, in 1620

The Pilgrims left England in search of religious freedom

Feast (n) - a special meal with very good food or a large meal for many people

The King held a feast to celebrate his victory

Alliance (n) - an agreement to work with someone else to try to achieve the same thing

The two groups formed an alliance against the government

Devastating (adj) - causing a lot of damage or destruction

The drought has had devastating consequences

To re-evaluate (v) - to judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount, or value of something again, for a second, third, etc. time

The company is re-evaluating its decision to allow workers flexible hours

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TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/11/14/who-is-responsible-for-climate-change/

Who is responsible for climate change? Is it the countries with the highest pollution right now? Or is it the wealthy countries who had the highest emissions in the past? How about the fossil fuel companies? Or is it normal people? Let’s talk about it today!

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Vocabulary List Mitigation (n) – the act of reducing how harmful, unpleasant, or bad something is

We need effective mitigation of climate change

Adaptation (n) – the process of changing to suit different conditions

The team’s adaptation to the speed of the premier league is surprising

Developing (adj) – A developing country or area of the world is poorer and has less advanced industries, especially in Africa, Latin America, or Asia

This scholarship is for people from developing countries

Reparation (n) – payment for harm or damage:

The company had to make reparation to those who suffered ill health as a result of chemical pollution.

Emission (n) – an amount of a substance that is produced and sent out into the air that is harmful to the environment, especially carbon dioxide

These health risks are caused by vehicle emissions.

per capita (adv/adj) – If you express an amount per capita, you mean that amount for each person

The per capita income is very low

carbon footprint (n) – Someone’s carbon footprint is a measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide that their activities produce

Flying to Japan increased by carbon footprint

To offset (v) – to pay for things that will reduce carbon dioxide in order to reduce the damage caused by carbon dioxide that you produce

We offset all our long-haul flights.

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TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/11/09/how-to-ask-better-questions-in-english/

Do you know how to ask great questions? You will by the end of today’s episode!

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TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/11/07/184-should-performance-enhancing-drugs-be-banned-in-sports-english-vocabulary-lesson/

Should performance enhancing drugs be allowed in professional sports? Some argue that drugs are dangerous, unfair, and against the spirit of sport! Others believe sport would be more exciting with PEDs and that it unfair to stop athletes from reaching their best performance. Let’s learn some new vocabulary and discuss sport and performance enhancing drugs in today’s episode!!

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Vocabulary List To enhance (v) – to improve the quality, amount, or strength of something

The sauce enhances the flavour of the meat

Doping (n) - the act of giving a person or animal drugs in order to make them perform better or worse in a competition

The anti-doping agency is committed to ending doping in sport

To test (v) - produce a specified result in a medical test, especially a drugs test

He tested positive of COVID-19 last week

Performance (n) - how well a person, machine, etc. does a piece of work or an activity

He was fired from his job for poor performance

Endurance (n) - the ability to keep doing something difficult, unpleasant, or painful for a long time

Running a marathon is a test of human endurance.

To cheat (v) - to behave in a dishonest way in order to get what you want

She cheated in the test by copying from the boy in front

Guinea Pig (n) - a person used in a scientific test, for example to discover the effect of a drug on humans

They are asking student to be guinea pigs in their research into the disease

Clean (adj) - played or done according to the rules

Despite testing positive for steroids, he maintains he is a clean athlete

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Today, let’s learn some useful methods to make your English writing clearer and more concise!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/10/19/how-to-write-concisely/

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Happy Halloween! In this spooky special episode of Thinking in English, I thought I would introduce you all to one of the most famous ghost stories of all time – “The Signal-Man” by Charles Dickens.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/10/31/the-signal-man-by-charles-dickens/

Read "The Signal-Man" for FREE HERE!!

Or buy a copy from Amazon HERE!!

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Vocabulary List Hoarse (adj) - (of a voice or a person) having a rough voice, often because of a sore throat or a cold

Figure (n) - the shape of a person’s body, or a body seen not clearly or from a distance:

To steal (v) - to do something quickly while trying not to be seen doing it

Abhorrence (n) – a hate of something or someone

Deception (n) – the act of hiding the truth, especially to get an advantage

To minister (v) – to attend to the needs of (someone).

Affliction (n) - something that makes you suffer

To beg (v) – to make a very strong and urgent request

Coincidence (n) - an occasion when two or more similar things happen at the same time, especially in a way that is unlikely and surprising:

Spectre (n) – a ghost

Instantaneously (adv) - in a way that happens immediately, without any delay

To lament (v) - to express sadness and feeling sorry about something

Vehemence (n) - the forceful expression of strong feelings

Gesticulation (n) - movements with your hands or arms intended to express something or to emphasize what you are saying

Dismal (adj) - sad and without hope

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On October 30th, the people of Brazil will decide the next president of the country. The election could have major consequences for Brazil and the entire South American region. Today, let’s discuss how elections work in Brazil, the background of the two candidates, and some of the major issues during this year’s competition! And, we can learn some useful vocabulary and practice talking about Brazil’s election!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/10/26/bolsonaro-vs-lula-the-brazilian-election-explained/

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Vocabulary List Incumbent (adj) - having a particular official position

The incumbent president of the US is Joe Biden

Corruption (n) – illegal, bad, or dishonest behaviour, especially by people in positions of power

Political corruption is widespread throughout the country

Opposition (n) – elected politicians who belong to the largest political party not in government

The opposition candidate is currently leading the polls

Campaign (n) – a planned group of political/business/military activities that are intended to achieve a particular aim

He became famous for his campaign against building a new airport

Money laundering (n) – the crime of moving illegal money through banks or businesses to make it look like legal money

He was convicted of money laundering four years ago

Law-and-order (n) – the introduction of laws and their strict enforcement by the police and courts

He described himself as a law-and-order politician

Misogynist (n) – a man who hates women

His critics described him as a misogynist

Deforestation (n) - the cutting down of trees in a large area, or the destruction of forests by people

Deforestation is destroying large areas of the Amazon rainforest

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After just 45 days as Prime Minister of the UK, Liz Truss has resigned. Today, let’s talk about what happened, discuss why Truss resigned, and predict what is going to happen next! And, at the same time, let’s learn and practice some political and economic vocabulary!

Transcript!! -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/10/24/why-did-liz-truss-resign/

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Vocabulary List

Rebellion (n) – action agaisnt those in authority

There was a political rebellion against her economic policies

Front-runner (n) – the person, animal, or organization that is most likely to win something

She is the front-runner in the school math competition

Mandate (n) – the authority given to an elected group of people, such as a government, to perform an action or govern a country

The government is hoping to win the election and get a mandate for their policies from the people

To cut (v) – to make something shorter, lower, smaller, etc

The singer promised to cut ticket prices for his next concert

Ill-advised (adj) – not wise, and likely to cause problems in the future

He made an ill-advised investment in the property market

To sell off (phrasal v) – to charge a low price for something to encourage people to buy it

The supermarket is selling off bananas at half price

On the brink of something (idiom) – if something is on the brink of a bad situation, it is likely that situation will happen soon

The country is on the brink of civil war

General election (n) – an election in which the people living in a country vote to choose the government

The general election will be held next year

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Earlier this year, Chile drafted one of the most progressive constitutions in the world. It would have guaranteed rights for indigenous people, social policies, and environmental protection. Let’s discuss what a constitution is, why Chile’s proposed constitution was unprecedented, and why it ultimately failed!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/10/17/what-was-wrong-with-chiles-constitution/

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Vocabulary List Progressive (adj) – progressive ideas or systems are new and modern, encouraging change in society

His government promised to introduce more progressive social policies

Right (n) – the fact that a person can expect to be treated in a fair, morally acceptable, or legal way

Everyone has the right to education

Principle (n) – the basic idea or rule that explains or controls how something happens or works

The country is run on socialist principles

Fundamental (adj) – forming the base, from which everything else develops

We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment

Free market (n) – an economic system with only a small amount of government control, in which prices and earnings are decided by the level of demand

In a free market, if demand for a product increases, then so does its price

Indigenous (adj) – used to refer to, or relating to, the people who originally lived in a place

The Maori are the indigenous people of New Zealand

Provision (n) – a statement within an agreement or law that a particular thing must happen or be done

There are provisions in the law to protect foreign workers

Misinformation (n) – wrong information, information intended to deceive, or the fact that people are misinformed

There’s a lot of misinformation about the disease online

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Today, I’m joined by the wonderful Alastair Budge from the English Learning for Curious Minds podcast to discuss the tiny island of Malta and how it became a destination for English learners! We discussed Malta’s history, what it is like to study there, and what kind of person should consider learning English in Malta.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/10/17/why-you-should-study-english-in-malta-w-english-learning-for-curious-minds/

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Vocabulary List

https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/10/17/why-you-should-study-english-in-malta-w-english-learning-for-curious-minds/

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Donald Trump is currently under criminal investigation. The FBI have raided his house in Florida, he has been interviewed by lawyers in New York, 850 of his supporters arrested, and his allies accused in Georgia. Interestingly, these events are actually part of four separate criminal investigations connected to Trump and his companies! Let’s learn more about Trump’s legal troubles today, while practicing some political and legal English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/10/12/donald-trumps-legal-trouble/

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Vocabulary List Investigation (n) – the act or process of examining a crime, problem, statement

An investigation is under way into the disappearance of a 70-year-old man

To charge (v) – to make a formal statement saying that someone is accused of a crime

She’s been charged with murder

Offence (n) – an illegal act; a crime

Driving without a license is an offence

Federal (adj) – relating to the central government, and not to the government of a region

He broke both state and federal laws

Classified (adj) – classified information is officially stated to be secret

These documents contain classified material

To violate (v) – to break or act against something, especially a law, agreement, principle, or something that should be treated with respect

They were charged with violating federal law

To sentence (v) – to decide and say officially what a punishment will be

He was sentenced to life imprisonment

To prosecute (v) – to officially accuse someone of committing a crime in a law court

Shoplifters will be prosecuted

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What is inflation? Why are prices increasing for everyday items? What are the consequences of inflation? How can we control or limit rising prices? Let’s discuss these questions and more on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/10/10/what-is-inflation/

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Vocabulary List Stable (adj) - firmly fixed or not likely to move or change

I’m looking for a stable job in a bank!

Out of business (idiom) – closed down/no longer in business

My local hairdresser went out of business last month

Hypothetical (adj) – imagined or suggested but not necessarily real or true

This is hypothetical, but if I offered you a job, would you accept it?

Worth (adj) – having a particular value, especially in money

My house is worth $200,000

Keep track of something/someone (idiom) – to continue to be informed or know about someone or something

My sister has had so many jobs, I can’t keep track anymore

Goods (n) – things for sale, or things that you own

There is a 10 percent discount on electrical goods today

Monetary (adj) – relating to money in a country

The recent recession has been blamed on a bad monetary policy

Interest rate (n) – the interest percentage that a bank charges you when you borrow money, or the interest percentage a bank pays you when you save money

Interest rates are increasing

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University can be a very expensive experience for young people across the world, and millions of people need to take out big loans to afford tuition fees and living expenses. The US government has just announced a plan to forgive some student loan debt… but is this a good idea? Let’s discuss this topic while practicing some useful financial vocabulary!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/10/05/should-student-loan-debt-be-forgiven/

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Vocabulary List Undergraduate (adj) – related to a university student who has not yet taken a first degree

My undergraduate degree was in History and Politics

To afford (v) – to be able to buy or do something because you have enough money or time

I don’t know how he can afford a new car on his salary

Loan (n) – an amount of money that is borrowed, often from a bank, and has to be paid back

He is trying to get a $50,000 loan to start a business

To owe (v) – to need to pay or give something to someone because they have lent money to you

I owe James £10

To forgive (v) – to allow someone to not have to pay a debt

Should rich countries forgive some of the debts owed by the poorest countries?

To take on something (Phrasal v) – to undertake a task or responsibility, especially a difficult one

I took on debt so I could afford university

To pay something off (Phrasal v) – to pay back money that you owe

We should be able to pay off the debt within three years

Disproportionately (adv) – in a way that is too large or too small in relation to something else

The disease disproportionately affects young people

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The French Revolution was one of the most influential events in modern human history. Today, let’s talk about the causes, events, and consequences of the revolution, while learning some useful English vocabulary!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/10/03/what-was-the-french-revolution/

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Vocabulary List Revolution (n) – a change is the way a country is governed, usually to a different political system and often using violence or war

The country seems to be heading towards revolution

Republic (n) – a country without a king or queen, usually governed by elected representatives and a president

San Marino in Europe is considered the oldest republic in the world

Noble (adj) – belonging to a high social rank in a society, especially by birth

He was born into a famous noble family

To culminate (v) – if an event or series of events culminates in something, it ends with it, having developed until it reaches this point

Their many years of research have finally culminated in a cure for the disease

The Enlightenment (n) – the period in the 18th century in Europe when many people began to emphasize the importance of science and reason

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was one of the greatest Enlightenment thinkers

Treason (n) – (crime of) showing no loyalty to your country

In 1606 Guy Fawkes was executed for treason

Feudalism (n) – the social and land-owning system of western Europe in the Middle Ages in which people served noble families and in exchange were supported and given land

Capitalism replaced feudalism in western Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries

Fraternity (n) – a feeling of friendship and support

The Olympics have become a way to promote fraternity between nations

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English is the language of protesting across the world. Let’s learn the vocabulary and techniques you need to protest in English and understand why people take to the streets.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/09/28/the-language-of-protesting/

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Women in Iran have taken to the streets, leading protests, burning their head scarves, and clashed with police. Today, let’s discuss why Iranian women are burning their hijabs and protesting against their government.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/09/26/why-are-iranian-women-burning-their-hijabs/

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Vocabulary List Morality (n) – a personal or social set of standards for good or bad behaviour and character

Technology’s morality is determined by its political or social use

Hijab (n) – the head covering that some Muslim women wear when they are outside

Iranian law requires women to wear a hijab while in public

To spark (v) – to cause the start of something

The visit of the Donald Trump sparked mass demonstrations

Unrest (n) – disagreements or fighting between different groups of people

It is feared that the civil unrest in that country could lead to war

Zealot (n) – a person who has very strong opinions about something, and tries to make other people have them too

He is a religious zealot

To detain (v) – to force someone to officially stay in a place

A suspect has been detained by the police for questioning

Outage (n) – a period when a service, such as electricity, is not available

The radio news reported power outages affecting 50 homes

Decisively (adv) – quickly, effectivley, and confidently

If they had acted more decisively, they could have saved him

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Have you ever felt exhausted, tired, unmotivated, and negative towards your work or language learning journey? If so, you may have experience “burnout.” Today, let’s learn about the different types of burnout, why they are bad for language learners, and how to avoid suffering from them while studying English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/09/21/what-is-burnout-and-how-can-you-avoid-it-while-studying-english/

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This year’s Human Development Index results have been published by the UN… and they are not good. For the first time in history, average human development around the world is in decline. Let’s take a look at the concept of human development and discuss this year’s results on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/09/19/what-is-the-human-development-index/

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Vocabulary List Development (n) – the process in which something grows or changes and becomes more advanced

The region needs more development

Indicator (n) – something that shows what a situation is like

House prices are an indicator of the country’s economic health

Well-being (n) – the state of feeling healthy and happy

Yoga can improve people’s feeling of well-being

Life expectancy (n) – the length of time that someone is likely to live

Life expectancy in Europe has greatly increased in the past 100 years

Goalpost (n) – the aim, goal, or conditions for success

In terms of minimum income, the HDI goalpost is $100

Decline (n) – when something becomes less in amount, importance, quality, or strength

Home cooking seems to be in decline

Crisis (n) - a time of great disagreement, confusion, or suffering

The country’s leadership is in crisis

Shock (n) – a sudden, unexpected, and usually unpleasant event or experience

It was a shock to see her looking so ill

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The UK is currently preparing for the funeral of Queen Elizabeth II, who passed away last week at the age of 96. While the death of the Queen came as a shock, the government and Royal Family have been preparing for this moment for decades. Today, let’s discuss what happens when a British monarch passes away!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/09/14/what-happens-when-the-queen-dies/

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Vocabulary List Accession (n) – the time when someone starts a position of authority, especially a king or a queen

1952 was the year of Queen Elizabeth’s accession to the throne

Half-mast (n) – a flag that is at half mast has been brought down to a point halfway down the pole as an expression of sadness at someone’s death

The flags at Buckingham Palace were all flying at half-mast

Sombre (adj) – serious, sad, and without humour or entertainment

The funeral was a sombre occasion

Oath (n) – a promise that you will tell the truth or that you will do what you have said

Presidents take an oath to uphold the constitution

Proclamation (n) – an official announcement

The proclamation of the new king was announced around the UK

To pay (one’s) respects (idiom) – to offer or express one’s condolences or sympathy, particuarly to someone’s family following their death

Thousands of people are expected to pay their respects to the Queen

Procession (n) – a line of people who are all walking or travelling in the same direction, especially in a formal way

The funeral procession will start at 10am

To line a street (idiom) – if people or things line a road, they are present in large in numbers along its edges or sides

Millions of people will line the streets of London

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Queen Elizabeth II has passed away. Today I want to introduce the story of her life – from unexpectedly becoming Queen, to the breakup of the British Empire, to her later years of popularity.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/09/12/171-the-life-of-queen-elizabeth-ii-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List Reign (n) -the period of time when a king or queen rules a country

Queen Elizabeth’s reign lasted 70 years

Monarch (n) – a king or queen

Britain’s head of state is a constitutional monarch

Duty (n) – work you have to do for your job or because you feel it is right

Queen Elizabeth felt it was her duty to serve the UK

To succeed (v) – to take an official job or position after someone else

King Charles III has succeeded his mother Queen Elizabeth II

Heir (n) – a person who will legally receive money, property, or a title from another person when that person dies

Prince William is now the heir to throne

Coronation (n) – a ceremony at which a person is made king or queen

Queen Elizabeth’s coronation took place in 1953

Scandal (n) – an action or event that causes shock or disapproval

Despite scandals, the Queen remained popular in the UK

Condolence (n) – sympathy or sadness for the family or friends of a person who has died

World leaders have sent their condolences to King Charles and the Royal Family

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Mikhail Gorbachev, the last leader of the Soviet Union, has passed away. News reports around the world described him as one of the most influential political figures of all time. Today, let’s discuss how Gorbachev rose to such a powerful position, his influence as a leader, and his legacy today!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/09/07/who-was-gorbachev/

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Vocabulary List Breakup (n) – the division of something into smaller parts

The breakup of the oil tanker caused severe damage to the environment

Legacy (n) – something that is a part of your history or that remains from an earlier time

The war has left a legacy of hatred

To eclipse (v) – to make another person or thing seem much less important, good, or famous

The economy has eclipsed all other issues during this election

Innovation (n) – a new idea or method

What is the next innovation in computer technology?

Repression (n) – the use of force or violence to control a group of people

The political repression in this country is enforced by terror

To crush (v) – to defeat someone completely

The president used the army to crush the rebellion

Catastrophe (n) – a sudden event that causes very great trouble or destruction

The war has been a catastrophe

To restructure (v) – to organize a company, business, or system in a new way to make it operate more effectively

The department is currently undergoing a restructure

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There is no such thing as a fish. You might not believe me right now, but by the end of the episode I’m confident you will understand, and maybe even agree, with my opinion. Let’s learn some biological English vocabulary while trying to answer the question… Do fish actually exist?

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/09/05/169-there-is-no-such-thing-as-a-fish-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List Vertebrate (n) – an animal that has a spine

Cows, frogs, and ostriches are all vertebrates

cold-blooded (adj) – cold-blooded animals can only control their body heat by taking in heat from the outside or by being very active

Snakes and lizards are cold-blooded animals

Limbless (adj) – having no limbs (no arms, legs, or wings)

Snakes are limbless reptiles

Common ancestor (n) – one species which is the ancestor of two or more species later in time

Humans and gorillas share a common ancestor

To evolve (v) – to develop gradually

Dogs evolved from wolves

Descendant (n) – an animal that lives after and is related to another animal that lived in the past

Lemurs are descendants of early primates

To distinguish (v) – to notice or understand the difference between two things

It is difficult to distinguish between these two species

Characteristic (n) – a typical or noticeable quality of someone or something

A squashed face is an unfortunate characteristic of pugs

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Is homework beneficial? Should kids have homework? Or is homework a waste of time? Today, we are going to look at this debate, practice thinking in English, and learn some useful vocabulary at the same time!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/08/31/168-should-kids-have-homework-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List Assignment (n) – a piece of work given to someone, typically as part of their studies or job

I have a lot of assignments to complete this week

To cater for someone/something (phrasal v) – to provide what is wanted or needed by someone or something

The club caters for children below the age of 10

To memorize (v) – to learn something so that you will remember it exactly

When I was at school, we were required to memorize vocabulary every week

Perspective (n) – a particular way of considering something

He writes from a Marxist perspective

Achievement (n) – the act of achieving something (finishing something successfully) or of achieving things generally

This school has a history of outstanding achievement

Detrimental (adj) – causing harm or damage

These chemicals have a detrimental impact on the environment

Prevalent (adj) – existing very commonly or happening often

That disease is more prevalent among children

Social inequality (n) – the condition of unequal access to the benefits of society

Universities have been accused of increasing social inequality

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Across the world, our economies are struggling with inflation, soaring energy prices, and the impact of Russia’s war in Ukraine! It is likely the many countries will enter a recession. But… what exactly is a recession? What causes recession? And how can we reverse a shrinking economy? Let’s answer these questions today, while learning some useful economic vocabulary!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/08/29/what-is-a-recession-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List Market (n) – is the business or trade in a particular type of goods or services

The job market is strong right now

To shrink (v) – to become smaller, or to make something smaller

The company’s profits have shrunk from $10 million dollars last year, to just $2 million this year

Decline (n) – when something becomes less in amount, importance, quality, or strength

There is a decline in the number of unemployed people this month

Quarter (n) – one of four periods of time into which a year is divided for financial calculations

I pay my rent every quarter

Holistic (adj) – dealing with or treating the whole of something or someone and not just a part

My doctor takes a holistic approach to disease

Bubble (n) – a temporary period of very successful economic performance in a particular country or sector, often followed by sudden failure

There are worries that the current housing bubble may soon burst

Inflation (n) – a general, continuous increase in prices

Inflation in the UK has now reached 10%

Deficit (n) – the total amount by which money spent is more than money received

The country’s deficit is around $500 million

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Podcasts are an excellent tool to help improve your English language ability… but are you using them correctly? Let’s learn how to make the most of Thinking in English and other podcasts!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/08/24/how-to-learn-english-from-podcasts/

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One year ago, the Taliban retook control of Afghanistan. At the time, people were unsure what the future held for central Asian country – would the Taliban reintroduce their strict and severe policies? What would happen to the Afghan economy? How about women’s rights? Let’s discuss what has happened during the Taliban’s first year in control of Afghanistan!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/08/22/afghanistan-one-year-later-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List To fall (v) – if a place falls in a war or an election, an enemy army or a different political party gets control of it

Rome fell in the year 455 AD

Repercussion (n) – the effect that an action, event, or decision has on something, especially a bad effect

He never thinks about the repercussions of his actions

Reliant (adj) – needing a particular thing or person in order to continue, to work correctly, or to succeed

The project is heavily reliant on volunteers

To freeze (v) – to officially and legally prevent money or property from being used or moved

The government froze the criminals’ assets

Violation (n) – an action that breaks or acts against something, especially a law, agreement, principle, or something that should be treated with respect

The invasion is a clear violation of international law

To diminish (v) -to reduce or be reduced in size of importance

Our house has diminished in value over the last six months

Malnutrition (n) -physical weakness and bad health caused by having too little food, or too little of the types of food necessary for good health

Many refugees are suffering from severe malnutrition

Insurgency (n) – an occasion when a group of people attempt to take control of their country by force

The government is reported to be concerned about the growing insurgency in the South

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Why is Ireland divided? For just over 100 years, the Emerald Isle has been split between the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland - part of the United Kingdom. The history of Ireland is complicated, fascinating, and sometimes controversial. Today, I want to talk about how Ireland became connected with the UK, discuss why Northern Ireland exists, and talk about the possibility of a future united Ireland!

TRANSCRIPT v

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Vocabulary List Be blessed with something (phrase) - to be lucky in having a particular thing

She is blessed with great intelligence

Settler (n) - a person who arrives in a new place in order to live there and use the land

The first settlers on that island came from Africa

Bronze age (n) - the time in the past when tools were made of bronze (a metal made of copper and tin), before iron was discovered

It is thought that Stonehenge was constructed during the Bronze Age

Clan (n) - a group of families who originally came from the same family and have the same name

The O’Brien clan was one of the most powerful clans in Ireland

Anglo- (prefix) - relating to England or the UK

Anglo-Saxons ruled England until the year 1066

To emigrate (v) - to leave a country permanently and go to live in another one

Millions of Germans emigrated to the Americas in the 19th century

Uprising (n) - an act of opposition, sometimes using violence, by many people in one area of a country against those who are in power

There was a popular uprising in the capital city

Unionist (n) - a person who supports Northern Ireland remaining part of the United Kingdom

The deal has been opposed by unionist politicians

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Is the content made by these English teachers actually useful for English learners? Or is it just designed to get the most views and likes? How should an English learner incorporate social media into their study routine? Today, we are going to try and answer these questions!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/08/15/is-social-media-useful-for-language-learning/

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Follow @stew.sensei.english on Instagram

Follow @stewsensei on Twitter

Follow Stew Sensei on YouTube!

Vocabulary List Available on the Blog! - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/08/15/is-social-media-useful-for-language-learning/

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Do you want the perfect English accent? Do you want to communicate perfectly in English? Would you like a perfect understanding of English grammar? So many language learners are searching for perfection, but this is not always a good thing. Today, I’m going to tell you why you should stop being a perfectionist!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/08/10/stop-being-perfectionist/

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Is Taiwan part of China? There is no simple answer to this question, but it is an argument that is having major international consequences. China claims that Taiwan has always been part of Chinese territory…. But is this true?

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Vocabulary List Repercussion (n) - the effect that an action, event, or decision had on something, especially a bad effect

The decrease in tourism has had serious repercussions for the local economy

To inhabit (v) - to live in a place

Those islands are inhabited only by birds

Indigenous (adj) - used to refer to the people who originally lived in a place rather than people who moved there from somewhere else

The indigenous people of Australia were discriminated against by the white settlers

Expedition (n) - an organised journey for a particular purpose

Hundreds of people have died on expeditions in the Himalayas

Dynasty (n) - a series of rulers or leaders who are all from the same family, or a period when a country is ruled by them

The Mogul dynasty ruled over India for centuries

Nationalist (adj) - wanting your country to be politically independent

In Asia, communists and nationalists battled for control in a number of countries

To retake (v) - to take something such as a place or position into your possession again, often by force, after losing possession of it

The military tried to retake power in 1999

To recognise (v) - to accept that something is legal, true, or important

Taiwan is only recognised by 13 countries

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Dress codes are everywhere - at school, at work, in restaurants, and in religious institutions. But are they a good thing? Today, let’s take a look at the debate over dress codes!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/08/03/are-dress-codes-a-good-thing/

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Vocabulary List Scrubs (n) - loose clothes worn by doctors and nurses in a hospital

She came home wearing her doctor’s scrubs

Limitation (n) - the act of controlling or reducing, or something that controls or reduces something

There are strict limitations on where you can build houses in the UK

To indicate (v) - to show, point, or make clear in another way

Please indicate what course you would like to study on the application form

To enforce (v) - to make people obey a law

The new teacher had failed to enforce any sort of discipline

Synthetic (adj) - synthetic products are made from artificial substances, often copying a natural product

Clothing made from synthetic materials can catch fire easily

Inclusive (adj) - an inclusive group or organisation tries to include many different types of people and treat them all fairly and equally

Our aim is to create a fairer, more inclusive society

To violate (v) - to break or act against something, especially a law or rule

He violated the law with his business deals

To sexualise (v) - to see something or someone in sexual terms

She criticised the number of sexualised music videos being released by pop stars

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I am incredibly fortunate to be joined on the podcast by my friend Honoka – also known as @sneakysmol on Instagram.

Honoka was born and raised in Japan, but everyone assumes she is American due to her accent and native English level. We talked about how she was raised bilingual despite never living overseas, and Honoka gave some really useful advice on how to help children learn English naturally!

Honoka also runs a popular and bilingual Instagram page focused on Japanese feminism, so we also discussed Japan’s recent performance in the gender inequality rankings and tried to explain why Japan is so unequal.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/08/01/becoming-bilingual-feminism-and-inequality-in-japan-w-sneakysmol/

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2022 has been very hot. In North America, Europe, and Asia, extreme heat waves have occurred over the past few months. But why? Why is 2022 so hot? In this episode, I’m going to help you understand this extreme weather, while introducing you to some useful vocabulary!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/07/27/why-is-2022-so-hot/

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Vocabulary List Scorching (adj/adv) - very hot

It was a scorching summer day

Unbearable (adj) - too painful or unpleasant for you to continue to experience

I was in unbearable pain after I burned all of my fingers at work

Humidity (n) - a measurement of how much water there is in the air

The temperature is 30 degrees, and the humidity is 60%

Searing (adj) - if something, such as a feeling or temperature, is described as searing, it is extreme

The marathon took place in the searing heat

Consider (v) - to believe to be; to think of as

This restaurant is considered to be the best in the world

Unprecedented (adj) - never having happened or existed in the past

40°C was an unprecedented temperature in the UK

Intense (adj) - extreme and very strong

It is difficult to work in the intense heat

To adapt (v) - to change, or to change something, to suit different conditions or uses

I had to adapt my plans to fit his schedule

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Studying English can be a frustrating experience. It takes a lot of effort, time, and sometimes you struggle to improve. How can you stay motivated? Listen to the rest of this episode to find out!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/07/25/how-to-stay-motivated/

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Boris Johnson has resigned as prime minister of the United Kingdom, and someone new will need to replace him! But we don’t currently know who the new prime minister will be! Today, I’m going to try and explain why Johnson resigned, how the new leader will be chosen, and explain some of the vocabulary needed to talk about British politics!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/07/20/who-will-be-the-next-prime-minister-of-the-uk/

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Vocabulary List Step down (phrasal v) - to leave an important job or position

He has decided to step down as captain of the team

Executive (n) - the part of government that is responsible for making certain that laws and decisions are put into action

The Prime Minister is in charge of the British executive

Scandal (n) - (an action or event that causes) a public feeling of shock and strong moral disapproval

Their relationship caused a scandal in the office

To grope (v) - to touch someone’s body, usually when the other person does not like it

He was groped by a man at the bar

Accusation (n) - a statement saying that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind

He made accusations against his former employers

To handle (v) - to deal with, have responsibility for, or be in charge of

I thought he handled the situation very well

To nominate(v) - to officially suggest someone for an election, job, position, or honour

Would you like to nominate anyone for director?

Candidate (n) - a person who is competing to get a job or elected position

There are three candidates standing in the election

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Today I’m joined by one of my oldest friends – James Brock. James has led a very international life: as a child he lived in the UK, France, and Morocco. And as an adult he moved across the world to China, taught English, and eventually graduated top of his class from a Chinese university.

I invited James on to Thinking in English today because I think all of you listening can be inspired by James’ approach to studying languages, his ability to throw himself into foreign cultures, and his dedication to becoming an advanced language speaker! Aside from that, we also discussed the difficulty of attending school in France, accidentally eating duck heads in China, and why the visas prevented him from his dream job at Huawei!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/07/18/how-to-go-from-intermediate-to-advanced-english-w-james-brock/

FOLLOW JAMES ON LINKEDIN - https://www.linkedin.com/in/james-brock-78a326193/

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Thousands of Sri Lankans are protesting in the streets, the president is about to resign, the prime minister’s house has been set on fire, and the country has run out of money. What is happening? Why is Sri Lanka in crisis? What went wrong with the country’s economy?

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/07/13/why-is-sri-lanka-in-crisis/

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Vocabulary List Turmoil (n) - a state of confusion, uncertainty, or disorder

The whole region is in turmoil

Foreign Exchange Reserves (n) - the amounts of money in foreign currencies that a country has at a particular time

Exporting more than you import is the best way of building foreign exchange reserves

Mismanagement (n) - the process of organising or controlling something badly

Two schools were shut down due to financial mismanagement

Remittance (n) - money that is sent by a foreign worker back to their own country

Immigrants sent $45 billion in remittances to Latin America last year

Domestic (adj) - relating to a person’s own country

You do not need a passport for domestic flights

To lease (v) - to make a legal agreement by which money is paid to use land, a building, a vehicle etc for a period of time

Our building lease expires in two weeks

To storm (v) - to attack a place or building by entering suddenly in great numbers

The fortress was stormed by hundreds of soldiers

Bailout (n) - the act of helping a person or organisation that is in difficulty, usually by giving or lending money

The bank asked the government for a bailout

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Recently, the Supreme Court of the United States has made some incredibly influential and consequential decisions. But what is the supreme court? What is its role in US politics? And why has the supreme court become so active?

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/07/11/what-is-the-supreme-court/

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Vocabulary List To overturned (v) – to change a legal decision

The Supreme Court overturned the Roe v. Wade decision last month

Branch (n) – a part of something larger

The Supreme Court is part of the judicial branch of government

To enforce (v) – to make people obey a law

It isn’t easy for the police to enforce speed limits

To implement (v) – to put a plan, system, or law into operation

Congress refused to implement tax reforms

To interpret (v) – to decide what the intended meaning of something is

It is difficult to interpret the meaning of the statistics

Check (n) – rules intended to prevent one person or group from having too much power

We need effective checks on the power of the president

Veto (n) – an official power or right to refuse to accept or allow something

The president has the power of veto over any bill

Segregation (n) – the policy of keeping one group of people apart from another and treating them differently, especially because of race, sex, or religion

The system of racial segregation that used to exist in South Africa was called apartheid

To split (v) – to divide into two or more parts

The teacher split the students into three groups

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With the world currently experiencing a variety of economic problems, I thought it would be interesting to look at the worst economic crisis in modern history! What was the Great Depression? What caused it? And how did it end? Let’s discuss these questions and more on today’s episode on Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT --- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/07/06/what-was-the-great-depression/

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Vocabulary List Recession (n) – a period when the economy of a country is not successful and conditions for business are bad for months

Much of the world fell into recession after the stock market crash in 2007

Depression (n) – a serious economic crisis in which there is very little business activity and little employment for years

The world plunged into depression in the 1930s

Downturn (n) – a reduction in the amount or success of something, such as the economy

There is evidence of a downturn in the housing market

Recklessly (adv) – in a way that is dangerous and shows that you are not thinking about the risks and results of behaviour

She spends her money recklessly

Production (n) –making or growing goods to be sold

Wheat production has fallen over the past 6 months

To trade (v) – buying and selling shares on the stock exchange

The volume of stocks traded today was unusually high

Makeshift (adj) – temporary and of low quality, but used because of sudden need

Thousands of refugees are living in makeshift camps

To stimulate (v) – to encourage something to grow, develop, or become active

The government plans to cut taxes to stimulate the economy

To devalue (v) – to reduce the rate at which money can be exchanged for foreign money

The British pound was devalued and it caused a major economic crisis

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On today’s episode of Thinking in English, I want to give you all some tips and advice on how to improve your small talk skills!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/07/04/how-to-improve-your-small-talk-skills/

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Most of you probably know the four main language skills: writing, reading, listening, and speaking. But there is a fifth skill that people often forget, but is just as essential for communication - culture! Today I’m going to explain why learning culture is so important and give you a few tips on how to improve your cultural literacy.

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/06/29/what-is-cultural-literacy/

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Sometimes a country will change its name. In recent years, Swaziland became Eswatini, Cape Verde became Cabo Verde, and Turkey is now Türkiye! But why do countries change their names? Let’s discuss this today on Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT --- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/06/27/why-do-countries-change-their-names/

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Vocabulary List Intention (n) - something that you want and plan to do

It wasn’t my intention to exclude her from the party - I just forgot her

Anglicised (adj) - made English in sound, appearance, or character

Immigrants to the US often anglicised their names

Pride (n) - feelings of worth and respect

The country’s national pride has been damaged by sporting failures

Synonymous (adj) - having the same meaning

The words “ annoyed” and “irritated” are synonymous

To adopt (v) - to accept or start to use something new

I think it is time to adopt a new approach to climate change

To ditch (v) - to get rid of something that is no longer wanted

The criminals ditched the stolen car in a different town

To signal (v) - to show that you intend or are ready to do something

The death of Chairman Mao signalled the end of an era in Chinese history

Long-standing (adj) - having existed for a long time

He broke our long-standing agreement

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Should owning a dog be illegal? On today’s episode of Thinking in English, I’m going to explain why I think that owning certain types of dog, in particular “purebred” and flat faced dogs, is cruel and should not be allowed! Let’s learn about the history of dog breeds and the serious problems modern dogs experience, all while learning new vocabulary and practising your listening comprehension!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/06/22/should-owning-a-dog-be-illegal/

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Vocabulary List Opinionated (adj) - an opinionated person is certain about their beliefs, and expresses their ideas strongly and often

He was opinionated and selfish, but undeniably clever

To breed (v) - to keep animals for the purpose of producing young animals in a controlled way

Some dogs were bred to retrieve birds shot during hunting trips

Breed (n) - a particular type of animal or plant

What’s your favourite breed of dog?

Characteristic (n) - a typical or noticeable quality of someone or something

Having a big nose is a characteristic in my family

To bark (v) - (of a dog) to make a loud, rough noise

I can hear a dog barking outside

To herd (v) - to make animals move together as a group

Farmers use dogs to help herd sheep

Stocky (adj) - a stocky person or animal is short, wide across the chest, and strong looking

He was stockier than I remembered

Squashed (adj) - flat, soft, or out of shape due to being crushed or squeezed

He ate some squashed sandwiches for lunch

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How can you use the news to learn or improve your English? Stephen from the Simple English News Daily podcast joins us today to discuss the news, how you can use the news in your daily study plans, and also some predictions for future news stories. I really enjoyed talking with Stephen, and I hope you also enjoy listening to this episode!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/06/20/learning-english-from-the-news/

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Full Vocabulary List on the Blog

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Four years ago I gave a speech in Japanese in front of over a hundred people, completely forgot my words, started to sweat profusely, and ended up skipping half of the topics I wanted to talk about. I don’t want Thinking in English followers to have the same experience as I did, so today I’m going to give you tips and advice on how to become a better public speaker!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/06/15/how-to-improve-your-public-speaking/

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Today, I want you all to practice using your critical, creative, and out-of-the-box thinking skills by answering a few challenging English riddles!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/06/13/creative-and-critical-thinking-challenge/

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Riddle 1 What is always in front of you but can’t be seen?

Riddle 2 What month of the year has 28 days?

Riddle 3 There’s a one-story house in which everything is yellow. Yellow walls, yellow doors, yellow furniture. What colour are the stairs?

Riddle 4 You see me once in June, twice in November and not at all in May. What am I?

Riddle 5 What can run but never walks, has a mouth but never talks, has a head but never weeps, has a bed but never sleeps?

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A recent report has revealed that nearly 2500 languages are at risk of becoming extinct in the near future. Why do languages die out? Does it matter if they do? And how can we save an endangered language? Let’s talk about this on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/06/08/155-what-is-an-endangered-language/

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Vocabulary List Endangered (adj) - things that may soon not exist because there are very few around now

The rhino is an endangered animal

Generation (n) - all the people of about the same age within a society

The younger generation smokes less that their parents did

Elder (n) - an older person, especially one with a respected position in society

You should listen to the advice of your elders

To absorb (v) - to take something in, especially gradually

Towels absorb moisture

at the expense of (phrase) - resulting in the loss of something

They chose to speed up production at the expense of safety

To document (v) - to record the details of an event, a process, etc

His interest in cars has been well-documented

Exclusively (adv) - only

That YouTuber has an exclusively female audience

To revitalise (v) - to give new life, energy, activity, or success to something

They made a plan to revitalise the city centre

Multilingualism (n) - knowledge of more languages than a native language

The school embraced multilingualism and offered classes in the country’s three national languages

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Sanam Monteiro is poet, activist, political science graduate, youth worker, former intern for United Nations Women, and a friend of mine who once let me sleep on her sofa in Brussels! I invited Sanam on to Thinking in English today to discuss her experiences of both learning and teaching English.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/06/06/sanam-monteiro-creative-writing-making-mistakes-and-learning-english/

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Compass Collective Instagram - @compasscollect

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To mark the 70th year of Queen Elizabeth’s reign, the UK is holding a large celebration this week called the platinum jubilee! And this episode of Thinking in English is going to introduce you to every “royal” word you need to know to talk about the Queen, the Monarchy, and the Crown!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/06/01/every-royal-word-you-need-to-know/

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America has a problem with gun violence. But they struggle to do anything about it. Even after tragic mass shootings it is unlikely that anything will be done to prevent such a thing happening again. So, why can’t America ban guns? By the end of today’s episode you should have a clearer idea!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/05/30/why-cant-america-ban-guns/

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Vocabulary List Firearm (n) - a gun that can be carried easily

Pistols and revolvers are firearms

Homicide (n) - murder

The number of homicides in the city increased last year

To bear (v) - to have or continue to have something; to carry something

He arrived bearing gifts

Equivalent (n) - having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities, etc

$50 is roughly equivalent to £40

Background checks (n) - a check of what a person has done in the past, often to help decide whether or not to employ them

A criminal background check showed he had been arrested as a teenager

Would-be (adj) - wanting or trying to be

Would-be soldiers are required to pass physical examinations

Amnesty (n) - a period of time during which people are not punished for committing a crime

People who hand in illegal weapons to the police will not be prosecuted during the amnesty

Lobby (n) - a group of people who try to persuade the government or an official group to do something

The pro-coal lobby has succeeded in stopping the government from shutting down the mine

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During recent trips to the Caribbean, the British royal family has faced demands for reparations and compensation for the UK’s involvement in the historic slave trade. What are reparations? And should we pay reparations for slavery? Let’s talk about this on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/05/25/should-we-pay-reparations-for-slavery/

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Vocabulary List head of state (n) - the official leader of a country, often someone who has few or no real political powers

Queen Elizabeth II is the head of state in 15 countries

Atrocity (n) - an extremely cruel, violent, or shocking act

They are currently investigating the atrocities committed during the war

To trace (v) - to discover the causes or origins of something by examining the way in which it has developed

She traced her family back 400 years

Impoverished (adj) - very poor

He was an impoverished young actor

Wrongdoing (n) - a bad or an illegal action

She has denied any wrongdoing

Descendant (n) - a person who is related to you and who lives after you

They claim to be the descendants of the royal family

To emancipate (v) - to free a person from another person’s control

Slaves in the British empire were mostly emancipated in 1833

Appalling (v) - very bad

The weather today is appalling

Precedent (n) - an action, situation, or decision that has already happened and can be used as a reason why a similar action or decision should be performed or made

There is already precedent for promoting people with no formal qualifications in this company

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On today’s episode of Thinking in English, I’m going to talk about active learning. Active learning is the best way to study and improve your English ability, but most language learners do not learn actively. How can you become an active English learner? Keep listening to find out!

FULL TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/05/23/how-to-be-an-active-english-learner/

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When you think of the UK, what do you imagine? Rain? Polite people? Terrible food? Tea? On today’s episode of Thinking in English, I thought I’d explain and maybe disprove some of the most common British stereotypes!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/05/18/does-it-always-rain-in-england/

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40 years ago Britain andArgentina fought a bitter war over a few small and remote islands in the Atlantic ocean. The Falkland islands remain a controversial issue today. Where are the Falklands? Why did Argentina and Britain go to war over them? And who should control the islands? Let’s discuss these questions on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/05/16/why-are-the-falkland-islands-so-controversial/

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Vocabulary List Remote (adj) - far away in distance

He lives in a remote mountain village

Sparsely (adv) - with only a small number or amount of people or things

His room is sparsely furnished

To renounce (v) - to say formally or publicly that you no longer own, support, believe in, or have a connection with something

Gandhi renounced the use of violence

Sovereignty (n) - the power of a country to control its own government

Talks are ongoing over the sovereignty of the disputed island

To occupy (v) - to move into and take control and/or possession of a place

Troops quickly occupied the city

To surrender (v) - to stop fighting and admit defeat

They would rather die than surrender

To inherit (v) - if you inherit a situation, problem, department, etc., you become responsible for dealing with it or managing it

When I took on the job of manager, I inherited a lot of financial problems

Undisputed (adj) - if something is undisputed, everyone agrees about it

He is the undisputed heavyweight champion of the world

Self-determination (n) - the ability or power to make decisions for yourself, especially the power of a nation to decide how it will be governed

The UN considers self-determination to be a human right

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Today I’m going to talk about creative thinking. And towards the end of the episode, I’ll give you some tips and advice on how to become a creative thinker! Whether you are a student, a writer, a businessperson, or any other professions, learning to think more creatively will surely be useful!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/05/11/what-is-creative-thinking/

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What is Roe v. Wade? Why is it such a controversial and significant decision? And why is the US Supreme Court going to reverse it? By the end of today’s episode of Thinking in English, you should be able to answer all of these questions and have learned some very useful legal English vocabulary!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/05/09/what-is-roe-v-wade/

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Vocabulary List To leak (v) - to allow secret information to become generally known

He leaked the names of the suspects to the press

To overturn (v) - to change a legal decision

The Supreme Court overturned their earlier decision

Absolute (adj) - very great or to the largest degree possible

I have absolute faith in her judgement

Trimester (n) - human pregnancy is divided into three month periods called trimesters

Women are usually offered their first scan in the first trimester of pregnancy

Pseudonym (n) - a name someone uses instead of their real name

George Orwell was a pseudonym - his real name was Eric Blair

To terminate (v) - to end or stop

They terminated my contract in October

To hear (v) - officially listened to by a court, council, etc

The case was heard by the High Court

Egregiously (adv) - extremely bad in a way that is very noticeable

The decisions made by that country have been egregiously wrong

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What is procrastination? Why do we wait until the last minute to complete tasks? And how can we stop procrastinating? On today’s episode of Thinking in English let’s discuss these questions and more!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/05/04/how-to-stop-procrastinating/

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Does Your English Accent Matter? w/ Dan Sensei (English Conversation Lesson)

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Should Cannabis be Legal? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
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Vocabulary List To delay (v) – to make something happen at a later time than originally planned or expected

My plane was delayed by another hour

Deadline (n) – a time or day by which something must be done

The deadline for applications was April 15th

To sabotage (v) – to intentionally prevent the success of a plan or action

She tried to sabotage her colleagues’ careers!

Due (adj) – expected to happen or arrive at a particular time

The homework is due by midnight tomorrow

To overestimate (v) – to guess an amount that is too high or a size that is too big

I overestimated how much food to buy for the party… there is so much left over!

To underestimate (v) – to fail to guess or understand the real cost, size, difficulty, etc. of something

He seriously underestimated the cost of building his own house

frame of mind (phrase) – someone’s mood or the particular way someone thinks or feels about something

I was not in the right frame of mind to continue

Trigger (n) – an event or situation, etc. that causes something to start

There are fears that the incident may trigger more protests in the capital city

Daunting (adj) – if something is daunting it makes you feel slightly frightened or worried about your abilities to achieve something

Reforming the political system is a daunting task

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Does your English accent matter? Does British English really exist? How can you become more confident in your English speaking skills? On today’s episode, Dan Sensei joins us to discuss some of these questions and give you all some great advice and motivation!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/05/02/does-your-english-accent-matter/

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Check Out DanSensei!!

His website - https://www.dansenseienglish.com/

Podcast - Dan Sensei English Podcast

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Youtube - DanSenSeiEnglish

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Today I’m going to answer your questions - from university application tips, to my career, to Japanese phrases that don’t translate to English, let’s answer all of your questions today!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/04/27/answering-your-questions/

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On today’s episode of Thinking in English, let’s take a look at a very controversial debate - should cannabis be legal? Let’s look at both sides of the argument, think in English, and eventually decide what you think is the correct answer!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/04/25/should-cannabis-be-legal/

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Vocabulary List To derive (v) - to get something from something else

Many people derive pleasure from work

To cultivate (v) - to grow a crop

They cultivate beans and corn on their farm

Psychoactive (adj) - a psychoactive drug affects your mind

THC is the psychoactive component of cannabis

Consensus (n) - generally accepted opinion or decision

There was no consensus reached at yesterday’s meeting

Possession (n) - the fact you own or have something

He is in possession of a very valuable watch

Confiscate (v) - to take possession away from someone, usually as a punishment

The teacher confiscated my phone

To legalise (v) - to allow something by law

Same-sex marriage has been legalised in many European countries

Cost (n) - something that is given, needed, or lost in order to get a particular thing

I thought about changing jobs, but the costs outweigh the benefits

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Earlier this month, employees at an Amazon warehouse in New York formed the company’s first official trade union in the US. This news hit headlines around the world, with activists, journalists, and business leaders all describing it as a significant event! But why? What is a trade union? What do unions do? Why did Amazon employees decide to form a union? And why did Amazon try so hard to stop them? Let’s talk about it on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/04/20/148-what-is-a-trade-union-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List Private sector (n) - businesses and industries that are not owned or controlled by the government

60 percent of recent graduates are employed in the private sector

Public Sector (n) - businesses and industries that are owned or controlled by the government

Most doctors work in the public sector

To unionise (v) - to organise workers to become members of a trade union

They are about to try to unionise workers at major supermarkets

Interest (n) - something that brings advantages to or affects someone or something

A union looks after the interests of its members

working conditions (n) - the environment in which someone works, including cleanliness, equipment, breaks, overtime pay, etc

That company is infamous for terrible working conditions

on behalf of (phrase) - in the interests of (person, group, etc); as a representative of

I attended a meeting on behalf of my friends

Negotiate (v) - to have formal discussions with someone in order to reach an agreement with them

I managed to negotiate a pay increase with my boss

profit margin (n) - the difference between the total cost of making and selling something and the price it is sold for

Many small companies operate on narrow profit margins

Contagious (adj) - if something is contagious it spreads quickly among people

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Follow Marie and the Feminist Majo!! Check out her blog -- https://feministmajo.wordpress.com/

Follow Marie's Instagram -- @feministmajo

Follow the Feminist Majo everywhere! - https://linktr.ee/feministmajo

On today’s episode of Conversations with Thinking in English, I’m incredibly happy to welcome my good friend Marie onto the podcast! Marie is originally from France and runs the Feminist Majo blog which posts fascinating articles about the lives of women in East Asia. Marie also has a Master’s degree in Asian Politics (from the same university as I graduate from) and has studied a lot of languages in her life!

Join us for a conversation on feminism, women in East Asia, and how to develop your language skills to be able to study at a top English language university!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/04/18/feminist-majo-maintaining-advanced-english-feminism-and-east-asia/

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Vocabulary List is on the BLOG!!

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On today's episode of Thinking in English, let's take a look at sarcasm in English! What is sarcasm? What is the point of it? And what are the different types of sarcasm? By the end of this episode, you should know the answers to these questions!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/04/13/what-is-sarcasm/

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Does a country actually need an armed forces? What would happen if a nation chose to not have a military and not spend money on defence? Surely every country must have some kind of army? Let's discuss this on today's episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/04/11/does-a-country-need-an-army/

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Vocabulary List Remarkable (adj) - unusual or special and therefore surprising and worth mentioning

Nelson Mandela was a remarkable man

Expenditure (n) - the total amount of money that a government or person spends

The government’s annual expenditure on health increases every year

Procurement (n) - the process of getting supplies or products

He specialises in the procurement of rare objects

Reliant (adj) - needing a particular thing or person in order to continue, to work correctly, or to succeed

He’s completely reliant on his wheelchair to get around

To demilitarise (v) - to remove military forces from an area

There is a demilitarised zone between North and South Korea

To dissolve (v) - to end an official organisation or legal arrangement

Their marriage was dissolved last year

To disband (v) - to stop existing as a group or organisation, or to end a group or organisation

The international department was disbanded due to the pandemic

Leverage (n) - power to influence people and get the results you want

The British government has little leverage in that part of the world

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In March, Florida passed a controversial new law which has been given the nickname the “Don’t Say Gay” bill. What does this new law do? Why is it controversial? And why did Florida pass such a controversial law now? Let’s discuss these questions and more on the Thinking in English podcast!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/04/06/what-is-floridas-dont-say-gay-bill/

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Vocabulary List Bill (n) - a planned new law that is being discussed before voted on

When a bill is passed in Parliament it becomes law

Progressive (adj) - progressive ideas or systems are new and modern, encouraging changes in society

He has very progressive ideas, which is surprising considering his conservative family

LGBT (adj) - abbreviation for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender

She has been a campaigner for LGBT rights

To decriminalise (v) - to stop something from being illegal

Many US states have now decriminalised marijuana

Legislature (n) - the group of people who have the power to make and change laws

Parliament is the UK’s legislature

Opt out (phrasal v) - to choose not to be part of an activity or to stop being involved in it

Employees can choose to opt out of the pension scheme

sexual orientation (n) - the fact of someone preferring to have sexual relationships either with men, or with women, or with both

It is now illegal in many countries to discriminate against someone based on sexual orientation

Worded (adj) - said or written with particular words

The politician released a carefully worded statement

Spontaneous (adj) - happening or done in a natural, often sudden way, without any planning or without being forced

The audience broke into spontaneous applause

Incidental (adj) - happening by chance

His influence on younger employees was incidental, not intentional

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What is the point of studying an ancient language? Should the government fund Latin study? And what are the connections between Latin and English? Hopefully, we will answer all these questions in today’s episode!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/04/04/what-is-the-point-in-studying-latin/

Check Out Thomas and Village Green English!

Visit the vgenglish.com

Check out their YouTube Channel

Follow them on Instagram! - villagegreenenglish

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VOCABULARY LIST -- go to thinkinginenglish.blog (I couldn't fit it in the description)

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What are phantonyms? And what are false friends? Let's find out about these common challenges for English learners on today's episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/03/30/what-are-phantonyms-and-what-are-false-friends/

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What does it mean to be a patriot? What does it mean to love your country? Should you support your nation unconditionally, no matter what, and in any situation? Let’s talk about these questions on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/03/28/should-you-support-your-country-unconditionally/

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Vocabulary List Unconditionally (adv) - in a way that is complete and not limited in any way

He thanked his mother for being unconditionally supportive

Imaginary (adj) - something that is imaginary is created by and exists only in the mind

As a child, my brother had an imaginary friend

Connotation (n) - a feeling or idea that is suggested by a particular word although it need not be a part of the word’s meaning, or something suggested by an object or situation

“Resolute” means stubborn, but with a more positive connotation

To diverge (v) - to follow a different direction, or to be or become different

Although the two organisations used to work closely together, their objectives have diverged recently

Exclusionary (adj) - causing someone or something not to be allowed to take part in an activity or to enter a place

The political party has been criticised for its exclusionary membership rules

Superiority (n) - the fact that one person or thing is better, stronger, etc. than another

The French football team demonstrated their superiority over the Spanish last night

Flaw (n) - a fault, mistake, or weakness

This report is full of flaws

Meaningful (adj) - useful, serious, or important

It is difficult to form meaningful relationships with colleagues when you work online

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On today’s episode of Thinking in English, let’s investigate the debate over school uniforms. Are uniforms a way to make school safer and more equal? Or are uniforms stopping children from being individuals and have no effect on academic performance?

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/03/23/should-students-have-to-wear-school-uniforms/

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Vocabulary List Peculiarity (n) - something that is typical of one person, group, or thing

Farmers have to change approach to deal with the peculiarities of each crop

Uniform (n) - a set of clothes that has to be worn by the members of the same organisation or group of people

The soldier wore full uniform on his wedding day

Sixth-form (n) - in Britain, sixth-form is the part of a school for students aged 16-18

When I was at sixth-form, I studied Maths, History, and Politics

Regulated (adj) - controlled by rules or laws

We need to make sure banks are regulated so that they don’t put people’s savings in danger

Mandatory (adj) - something that is mandatory must be done

It is mandatory to wear seat belts in cars

Intruder (n) - someone who is in a place or situation where they are not wanted or not allowed

The intruders entered the house through the window

Distracted (adj) - having your attention taken away from what you should be doing

She was distracted by her phone throughout the dinner

To enhance (v) - to improve in quality, amount, or strength of something

Pictures can be enhanced using computer software

Expression (n) - the act of saying what you think or showing how you feel using words or action

Freedom of expression is considered a human right

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Joe Biden has accused Russian President Vladimir Putin of being a “war criminal.” But what does this mean? What is a war crime”? And what makes someone a war criminal? Let’s talk about this on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2022/03/21/what-is-a-war-crime/

Seven Santas sang silly songs

How many deer would a reindeer reign if a reindeer could reign deer?

Running reindeer romp ’round red wreaths

Kris Kringle clapped crisply

Eleven elves licked eleven little liquorice lollipops.

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On today’s episode of Thinking in English, I’m going to answer some of your questions!!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/12/22/answering-your-questions-the-future-of-the-podcast-how-to-use-the-word-bloke-and-where-do-i-live/

Over the next two weeks, almost every country and world leader will gather in Glasgow, Scotland, to attend the world’s most important climate conference, COP26. What are they going to discuss, who is going to attend, will it be a success, and is it really the last chance to save the world? Let’s discuss this on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/11/01/113-the-last-chance-to-save-the-world-cop-26-explained-english-vocabulary-lesson/

I saw a kitten eating chicken in the kitchen

I wish to wash my Irish wristwatch

Thin sticks, thick bricks (x3)

Rolling red wagons (x3)

Four fine fresh fish for you

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Why do language learners have an accent when speaking? Can we improve our accents? Should we really care about having an accent? Let’s talk about this on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/10/25/112-english-accents-explained-why-do-language-learners-have-accents-and-should-we-care-english-lesson/

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CONTACT ME!!

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How should we punish criminals? Should we have the death penalty for the worst crimes? Or is the death penalty unacceptable in our modern societies? These kind of questions have puzzled thinkers for centuries, but the death penalty continues to be one of the most controversial and debated issues of the 21st century. Let’s discuss this on today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/10/20/111-should-we-still-use-the-death-penalty-english-language-debate-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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To Feel Blue - “I was feeling blue earlier today, but after taking a long walk I feel much better!”

To Be Down In The Dumps - “Jim is down in the dumps today because he broke up with his girlfriend”

To Cry Crocodile Tears - “The boy cried crocodile tears after fighting with his sister”

To Have A Lump In One’s Throat - “Every time I watch the movie Gladiator I get a lump in my throat” To Fall Apart - “After Sarah’s husband died, she fell apart”

To Take Something Hard - “I took it hard when I was rejected from my dream job’

To Feel Out Of Sorts - “I think something is wrong with John, as it seems as though he feels out of sorts”

To Be Bummed Out - “My son is really bummed out after hearing his favourite band is breaking up”

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What is the future of food? If we do not change the way we eat and produce food, we are going to struggle to feed the entire planet in the future and cause damage to the environment. So what can we do? Let’s discuss this issue in today’s episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/10/06/107-insects-artificial-meat-and-microbes-what-is-the-future-of-food-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Awesome English Riddle Challenge!!

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What gets wet while drying? I have branches, but no fruit, trunk or leaves. What am I? People make me, save me, change me, raise me. What am I? What word is pronounced the same if you take away four of its five letters? What is so fragile that saying its name breaks it? If you want to check your answers, message Thinking in English Podcast on Instagram.

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Are You ‘Bursting with Joy,’ ‘Over The Moon,’ or ‘On Cloud Nine’? In this episode of Thinking in English, let’s learn some other fascinating idioms and phrases to describe happiness!!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/10/01/are-you-bursting-with-joy-over-the-moon-or-on-cloud-nine-idioms-and-phrases-to-describe-happiness/

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“When pigs fly:” Essential English Idioms, Expressions, and Proverbs! (English Vocabulary Lesson)

‘Fat Cats,’ ‘Cat Naps,’ and ‘Doggy Bags’: Dog and Cat Idioms!

Eight More Business English Idioms!!

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Are you thinking about taking an English proficiency test to check your language level? Or do you need the result for a job, to move to another country, or start university? Two of the most important, well respected, and popular exams are TOEFL and IELTS. Which one should you take? Let’s talk about it in this episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/09/29/106-toefl-vs-ielts-which-one-should-you-take-english-vocabulary-lesson%ef%bf%bc/

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How Many Oceans Are There? How Many Continents Are There? (English Vocabulary Lesson)
The World’s Strangest Time Zones!: What are time zones and why are they so weird? (English Vocabulary Lesson)

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Vocabulary List Expanse (n) - a large, open area of land, water, or sky

The American Great Plains are a broad expanse of grassland

Precipitation (n) - water that falls from the clouds towards the ground, especially as rain or snow

Rain, snow, hail, and sleet are all types of precipitation

To converge (v) - if lines, roads, or paths converge, they move towards the same point where they join or meet

The paths all converge at the main gate of the park

To prohibit (v) - to officially refuse to allow something

Motor vehicles are prohibited from driving in the town centre

Claim (n) - a claims in a statement saying that you have a right to something

They asserted their claim to citizenship

Utopia (n) - a perfect society

Try and imagine a perfect society, a utopia, in which the government really got everything right

Contentious (adj) - causing, involving, or likely to cause disagreement and argument

She has some very contentious views on education

Provision (n) - a statement within an agreement or a law that a particular thing must happen or be done, especially before another can happen or be done

We have inserted certain provisions into the treaty to safeguard foreign workers

Pristine (adj) - original and pure; not spoiled or worn from use

The car seemed to be in pristine condition

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On today's episode, I'm going to introduce 10 essential British English slang words that will help you understand and talk with people from the UK! Slang can be a little confusing, but I think it is fun to learn and use!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/09/17/10-must-know-british-english-slang-words%ef%bf%bc/

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Vocabulary

Knackered

Cheeky

Mate

Gutted

Fluke

Bloody

Daft

Quid

Proper

Fag

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If you spend much time online, on social media, or watching American news channels, you have probably come across the phrase ‘cancel culture’ before. The phrase is almost inescapable and connected to many different events and situations. People have lost jobs, been forced to apologise, been kicked out of university, often for things that happened years earlier. But, what is ‘cancel culture’? And is ‘cancel culture’ good for society?

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/09/15/102-what-is-cancel-culture-is-cancel-culture-good-for-society-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List Inescapable (adj) - if a fact or a situation is inescapable, it cannot be ignored or avoided

The evidence is inescapable: he is guilty of the crime

Objectionable (adj) - used to describe people or things that you dislike or oppose because they are so unpleasant or wrong

There is an objectionable smell in the train carriage

Backlash (n) - a strong, negative reaction to something

There was a major backlash against the team’s decision to change their stadium

To boycott (v) - to refuse to buy a product or take part in an activity as a way of expressing strong disapproval

People were urged to boycott the country’s products

Hold to account (v) - If someone is called, held, or brought to account for something they have done wrong, they are made to explain why they did it, and are often criticized or punished for it.

Politicians should be held to account for their actions

Accusation (n) - a statement saying that someone has done something morally wrong, illegal, or unkind, or the fact of accusing someone

What do you say to the accusations that you are unfriendly and unhelpful?

Instigator (n) - a person who causes something to happen, especially something bad

The instigators of the violence have not yet been found

Woke (adj) - to be aware, especially of social problems such as racism and inequality

She urged young people to stay woke

Tolerant (adj) - willing to accept behaviour and beliefs that are different from your own, although you might not agree with or approve of them

Working with young people helped me to be a little more tolerant

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Have you ever thought about names? In different countries and cultures, names can vary considerably. In fact, some places even ban or regulate the names parents can give their children. So, on this episode of Thinking in English, let’s look at some of these illegal names and try to understand why some countries regulate babies’ names!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/09/13/101-illegal-names-explained-why-some-countries-regulate-names-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List Convention (n) - a usual or acceptable way of behaving, especially in social situations, often following an old way of thinking or a custom in one particular society

In many countries it is the convention to wear black at funerals

Combination (n) - a result of two or more things joining together

New technology works well when used in combination with traditional classroom learning

Composite (n) - something that is made of various different parts

The main character in her novel is a composite of several famous politicians

To regulate (v) - to control an activity or process by rules or a system

Their parents regulate how much TV the children can watch

To justify (v) - to give or to be a good reason for

I can’t justify taking another day off work

Offensive (adj) - something that makes people upset or hurts feelings, often due to being rude or showing no respect

The programme contain language that some viewers might find offensive

To discourage (v) - to prevent or try to prevent something happening or someone doing something, by making things difficult or unpleasant, or by showing disapproval

The government is trying to discourage people from smoking

Unconventional (adj) - different from what is usual or from the way most people do things

I had an unconventional childhood

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On today's episode, I'm going to give you 7 amazing TV shows to help you learn and perfect British English! All language students can really benefit from watching TV. You can learn various British regional accents and ways of speaking, pick up new vocabulary and sentence structure, discover new information about British cultures and history, and enjoy yourself at the same time! Here are my recommendations for the 7 best British TV shows.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/09/10/7-amazing-tv-shows-to-learn-british-english%ef%bf%bc/

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TV SHOWS!

Sherlock

The Crown

The Great British Bake Off

Peaky Blinders

Black Mirror

Misfits

Killing Eve

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How many oceans are there? And how many continents are there? While at first you might think these are quite simple questions, the answers can depend on where you come from and what you believe! Hopefully, by the end of today’s episode, you’ll know why there are not simple answers to these issues.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/09/08/100-how-many-oceans-are-there-how-many-continents-are-there-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List Continent (n) - a large land mass surrounded, or mainly surrounded, by the sea and usually consisting of various countries

Scientists believe all humans originally came from the African continent

According to (preposition) - as stated by

According to our records you owe $150 to the bank

To encircle (v) - to surround something, forming a circle around it

The house is encircled by a high fence

Misleading (adj) - causing someone to believe something that is not true

Commercials must not create a misleading impression

Body (n) - a body of water is a large area of water, such as a lake, a sea, or an ocean

What is the body of water called between the UK and France?

Discrepancy (n) - a difference between two things that should be the same

There is some discrepancy between the two bills

Saline (adj) - containing or consisting of salt

This scientific experiment requires a saline solution

Set in stone (expression) - the be very difficult or impossible to change

The schedule isn’t set in stone, but we should stick to it closely

Tectonic plate (n) - one of the parts of the earth’s surface that move in relation to each other

Earthquakes are caused by the movement of tectonic plates

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Should we colonize space? Should humans leave Earth and try to make the Moon, or Mars, or another planet our new home? Is this even something worth considering? This episode of Thinking in English will try to answer some of these questions, and will provide an overview of the debate surrounding space colonization!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/09/06/99-should-we-colonize-space-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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China recently announced the world’s strictest limitations on children’s ability to play video games. On this episode of Thinking in English, let’s look at what these new restrictions are, investigate why they have been introduced, and examine some of the potential consequences!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/09/01/98-are-video-games-bad-for-children-chinas-video-game-ban-explained-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List Inspection (n) - the act of looking at something carefully, or an official visit to check that everything is correct and legal

Her job is to carry out health and safety inspections of buildings

To crack down (phrasal v) - to start dealing with bad or illegal behaviour in a more severe way

The library is cracking down on people who don’t return their books

Culmination (n) - the point at which an event or series of events ends, having developed until it reaches this point

Winning first prize in the tournament was the culmination of years of practice and hard work

Excessive (adj) - too much

Excessive exercise can sometimes cause health problems

Monopolistic (adj) - having or trying to have complete control of something, especially an area of business, so that others have no share

The company is accused of monopolistic behaviour

Gore (n) - blood, especially from violence or injury

It’s a good film, but there’s a lot of blood and gore in it

Loophole (n) - a small mistake in an agreement or law that gives someone the chance to avoid having to do something

Billionaires have been using tax loopholes to save money

Unlicensed (adj) - not having a license (a document giving legal permission) for something

Unlicensed software used by businesses costs software developers millions every year!

Detriment (n) - harm or damage

Are you sure that I can follow this diet without detriment to my health?

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Although most people like to spend their vacations visiting historical sites or sunbathing on the beach, some people choose to visit dangerous and terrifying places! Would you travel to a war zone, a country that arrests visitors, or a place with a high crime rate? Let’s talk about it on this episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/08/30/97-dark-tourism-explained-why-do-people-want-to-visit-dangerous-and-terrifying-places-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Today's Idioms

Birds of a feather fly together

Fly at (someone or something)

Fly into a rage/temper

Fly beneath (the/someone's) radar

Fly in the face of

Fly off the shelves

When pigs fly

A fly on the wall

A fly in the ointment

Wouldn't hurt a fly

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On Tuesday 24th of August, the opening ceremony of the Tokyo 2020 Paralympic Games will be held! Although the Paralympics tend to attract less attention than their more famous counterparts, the Olympic Games, they are an excellent showcase of incredible athletes with amazing stories. This episode of Thinking in English will introduce what the Paralympics are, some of the history behind the competition, and end by discussing the potential legacy of Tokyo 2020!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/08/25/96-what-are-the-paralympic-games-tokyo-2020-paralympic-games-explained-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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On Sunday 15th August, the Taliban entered the capital city of Afghanistan and effectively took control of the country. Let’s look at what has happened in the last few days, how the US withdrawal has been criticised, and what the future of the country looks like! TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/08/18/94-the-fall-of-afghanistan-what-is-happening-in-afghanistan-part-2-english-vocabulary-lesson/ CONTACT ME!!

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Vocabulary List To fall (v) - if a place falls in a war, an enemy army gets control of it

Rome fell to the Vandals in the year 455

Bloodshed (n) - killing and violence

We must find a way to end the bloodshed

Exodus (n) - the movement of a lot of people from a place

There has been an exodus of workers from the villages to the towns

Sensitive (adj) - needing to be treated with care or secrecy

A government minister left hundreds of sensitive documents on the train

Abject (adj) - extremely unhappy, poor, unsuccessful etc

The government’s decision has been an abject failure

To evacuate (v) - to move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe

A thousand people were evacuated from their homes following the floods

To impose (v) - to officially force a rule, law, punishment

Very high taxes have been imposed on cigarettes

Humanitarian (adj, n) - involved in or connected with improving people’s lives and reducing suffering

The UN is sending humanitarian aid to the worst affected areas

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If you want to travel abroad, you need a passport. But why? Why do we need these little documents to leave our own country? When was the first passport used? When did modern passports develop? What is the future of passports? Let’s try to answer these questions on this episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/08/16/93-why-do-we-need-passports-to-travel-a-history-of-the-passport-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary list Destination (n) - the place where someone is going or where something is being sent or taken

The letter never reached its destination

Prosperity (n) - the state of being successful and having a lot of money

The war was followed by a period of peace and prosperity

Prophet (n) - a person who speaks for God or a god

Jesus is considered a Prophet by Christians

To credit (v) - to publicly acknowledge someone’s role in the production or creation of something

He is credited with inventing the the TV

Maritime (adj) - connected with human activity at sea

Venice was once an important maritime power

To standardise (v) - to make things of the same type all have the same basic features

Phone companies should standardise their charging cables

Quirk (n) - something unusual, strange, or unexpected

There is a quirk in the rules that allows tax free investment

To embed (v) - to fix something firmly into something

Computer chips are now embedded into all sorts of technology

Ignorance (n) - lack of knowledge, understanding, or information about something

Public ignorance about the disease is still a cause for concern

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Over the past few months, fighting and conflict in Afghanistan has been increasing. As the US leaves, the problems in the country seem to be multiplying. In this episode of Thinking in English, let’s discuss what’s happening in Afghanistan in more detail!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/08/11/92-what-is-happening-in-afghanistan-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List To take over (phrasal v) - to begin to have control of something

President Biden officially took over from President Trump in January 2021

Ally (n) - a country that has agreed officially to give help and support to another one, especially during a war

During the First World War, Turkey and Germany were allies

Solely (adv) - not involving anyone or anything else; only

I am solely responsible for this podcast

Insurgent (n) - someone who is fighting against the government in their own country

The insurgents are about to enter the capital city

To recapture (v) - to take something into your possession again, especially by force

The army recaptures the town from the rebels

Atrocity (n) - an extremely cruel, violent, or shocking act

They have been arrested for committing atrocities against people

Islamist (n) - a person or group who believes strongly in Islam, especially one who believes that Islam should influence political systems

Islamist groups are growing stronger in the region

Militant (adj) - engaged in warfare and combat

The militant army is growing stronger

Austere (adj) - very severe and unfriendly in manner

He has an austere face

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People have always loved animals, and especially cats and dogs. They are the most popular pets around the world, and have even been worshipped as gods and used to help us work in the past. As they are so important to our societies, it is only natural that idioms surrounding cats and dogs have entered our languages and everyday vocabulary. So, today, I’m going to introduce you to 5 cat based idioms and 5 dog based idioms that you can apply to your daily lives!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/08/06/fat-cats-cat-naps-and-doggy-bags-dog-and-cat-idioms/

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Millions of people around the world are forced to flee their homes, abandon their belongings, and search for safety in countries away from their own country. However, there is a lot of confusion surrounding the rules, laws, and definitions of refugees and other similar people. So, in this episode of Thinking in English, let’s try to answer questions like who can be a refugee? What is the difference between a refugee, an asylum seeker, and a migrant? What protection are refugees entitled to receive?

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/08/04/91-what-is-a-refugee-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List To flee (v) - to escape by running away, especially because of danger or fear

The criminal fled from the police

To displace (v) - to force someone to leave their home

The construction of a new airport will displace a whole town

Well-founded (adj) - based on facts

To qualify as a refugee you need to prove you have a well-founded fear of persecution

To persecute (v) - to treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period of time because of their race, religion, or political beliefs

His latest book is about the experience of being persecuted for his religion

To abandon (v) - to leave a place, thing, or person, usually for ever

We had to abandon the car due to the snowstorm

To deport (v) - to force someone to leave a country, especially someone who has no legal right to be there or who has broken the law

Thousands of illegal immigrants are caught and deported every year

Eligible (adj) - having the necessary qualities or satisfying the necessary conditions

Only people over 18 are eligible to vote

Asylum (n) - protection or safety, especially that given by a government to people who have been forced to leave their own countries for their safety or because of war

The athlete applied for asylum in Japan

To grant (n) - to give or allow someone something, usually in an official way

They granted her an entry visa

Abject (adj) - the state of being extremely unhappy, poor, unsuccessful, etc

They live in abject poverty

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The world of business is full of strange and often confusing abbreviations and acronyms. To be able to communicate effectively and successfully in an English language business environment, it is vital you learn what these phrases mean and, importantly, how to use them! So, in this episode of Thinking in English, I am going to introduce 10 of the most common and useful abbreviations that you can apply to your daily lives!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/07/30/10-business-abbreviations-advanced-english-vocabulary/

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Have you ever thought about why you work 5 days a week? Or 8 hours a day? Why are weekends only two days long? Research suggests that there could be real benefits to reducing employees working hours and shortening the working week. This episode is going to look at the history of working hours, and then discuss whether it would be better for everyone if our weekends were longer, and the time we spend in the office is reduced.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/07/28/90-should-the-weekend-be-longer-the-four-day-working-week-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List To entitle (v) - to give someone the right to do or have something

Children and the elderly are entitled to cheap train tickets

Trade union (n) - an organization that represents the people who work in a particular industry, protects their rights, and discusses their pay and working conditions with employers

The government’s proposals have been strongly criticized by the trade unions

To compensate (v) - to pay someone money in exchange for work done

That company compensates their employees really well

Productivity (n) - the rate at which a person, company, or country does useful work

A pleasant working environment increases productivity

Invoice (n) - a statement listing goods or services provided and their prices, used in business as a record of sale

You need to have a copy of your original invoice if want a refund

Obstacle (n) - something that blocks you so that movement, going forward, or action is prevented or made more difficult

Money seems to be no obstacle

Output (n) - an amount of something produced by a person, machine, factory, country, etc

Last year manufacturing output fell by 14 percent

Abundance (n) - a situation in which there is more than enough of something

The area has an abundance of lakes, rivers and streams to swim in!

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Over the last year and a half, the way people live, work, socialise, and much more, has completely changed. While we are beginning to return to normal in some ways, it is also possible that we will never return to the way things were before the pandemic. So, in this episode, let’s look at which country is currently the most ‘normal’ in the world?

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/07/26/89-what-is-the-most-normal-country-in-the-world-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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How to Improve Your Written English (According to the Great Writer George Orwell!)
5 Books Recommendations to Improve Your English!
How to improve your writing skills!

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Vocabulary List

Tabloid (n) - a type of popular newspaper with small pages that has many pictures and short, simple reports

In the UK, the Sun is the most popular tabloid

Confrontation (n) - a fight or argument

There were violent confrontations between police and demonstrators

intransitive verb (n) - a verb which does not have or need an object

In the sentence “I tried to persuade him, but he wouldn’t come”, “come” is an intransitive verb

Intentionally (adv) - with a plan or purpose

The company was accused of intentionally dumping garbage into the river

Ambiguous (adj) - having or expressing more than one possible meaning, sometimes, intentionally

His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous

To convince (v) - to persuade someone or make someone certain

I hope this will convince you to change your mind

Abbreviate (v) - to shorten a word or words, or to make something shorter

We had to abbreviate the names of the states

Subtle (adj) - not loud, bright, noticeable, or obvious in any way

The room was painted a subtle shade of pink

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How much money is housework worth? A recent court case in China gave a housewife compensation for doing all of her family's housework, while her husband did not help at all. Millions of hours of unpaid work are done every year. Let’s discuss this further on this episode of Thinking in English!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/04/28/72-how-much-money-is-housework-worth-english-vocabulary-list/

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Vocabulary List

Invisible (adj) - impossible to see

These bacteria are invisible unless viewed with a microscope

Undeniable (adj) - certainly true

She is a woman of undeniable brilliance

Contribution (n) - something that you contribute or do to help produce or achieve something together with other people, or to help make something successful

This invention made a major contribution to road safety

Paternity leave (n) - a period of time that a father is legally allowed to be away from his job so that he can spend time with his new baby

Many fathers decide not to take paternity leave

Asset (n) - something valuable belonging to a person or organization that can be used for the payment of debts

A company's assets can consist of cash, investments, specialist knowledge, or copyright material

To compensate (v) - to pay someone money in exchange for something that has been lost or damaged or for some problem

Victims of the crash will be compensated for their injuries

Commitment (n) - willingness to give your time and energy to a job, activity, or something that you believe in

My manager won’t promote me because she says i lack commitment

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Is the internet making people stupid? Is it making us less intelligent? Certainly the internet is changing the way we think, the way we learn, and the way we read. But is this necessarily a bad thing? In this episode of Thinking in English we’ll try to shed some light on these questions!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/04/26/71-is-the-internet-making-people-stupid-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Paradox (n) - a situation or statement that seems impossible or is difficult to understand because it contain two opposite facts or characteristics

It is a paradox that drinking a lot of coffee when you are thirsty can often make you feel even more thirsty

Interruption (n) - an occasion when someone or something stops something from happening for a short period

I worked all morning without interruption

To reprogram (v) - to program (a computer or something similar) again or differently

The computers were reprogrammed to correct the error

Critical (adj) - giving opinions or judgments

He has written a long critical piece evaluating the exhibition.

Comprehension (n) - the ability to understand completely and be familiar with a situation, fact, etc

He has no comprehension of the problem

Nutrition (n) - the substances that you take into your body as food and the way that they influence your health

Good nutrition is essential if patients are to make a quick recovery

Barbarism (n) - unpleasant behaviour

He witnesses some appalling acts of barbarism during the war

Protracted (adj) - lasting for a long time or made to last longer than necessary

We had a protracted discussion last night

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Museums around the world have historical artefacts in their collections with controversial histories. Many of their exhibits were taken or stolen from places around the world. And now, the original owners want their history back! In this episode of Thinking in English we’ll explore the question “Should these museums return those artefacts?”

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/04/21/70-should-museums-return-historical-artefacts-english-vocabulary-list/

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Vocabulary List Exhibit (n) - an object that is shown to the public in a museum

The museum has an amazing collection of exhibits

Artefact (n) - an object that is made by person and is of historical interest

The museum’s collection includes artefacts dating back to prehistoric times

Colonialism (n) - control by one country over another and its economy

It took years for the country to end colonialism and achieve independence

To benefit (v) - to be helped by something

I feel that i have benefited from her advice

To demolish (v) - to completely destroy a building, especially in order to use the land for something else

A number of houses were demolished so that the supermarkets could be built

To reclaim (v) - to take back something that was yours

I reclaimed my suitcase from the lost luggage office

To confiscate (v) - to take a possession away from someone when you have the right to do so, usually as a punishment and often for a limited period, after which it is returned to the owner

The teacher confiscated my phone

To proclaim (v) - to announce something publicly or officially, especially something positive

She was proclaimed Queen at the age of 13

Encyclopaedic (adj) - containing a lot of information

Her knowledge of France is encyclopedic

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Twelve of the biggest European football clubs have announced their intention to form their own competition, known as the Super League. This has become a major news story, and has been criticized by fans, players, football club owners, and politicians across Europe. So, in this episode of Thinking in English I will explain what a Super League is, why clubs want to join it, and why it is such a controversial topic!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/04/19/69-the-european-super-league-explained-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List Fixture (n) - a day and time agreed for a sports event

Next season’s fixtures will be published early next month

To establish (v) - to start a company or organization that will continue for a long time

The brewery was established in 1822

Unanimously (adv) - in a way that is agreed or supported by everyone in a group

All four proposals were unanimously approved

To qualify (v) - to succeed in getting into a competition

Nigeria was the first team to qualify for the world cup

Founding (adj) - involved in establishing or originating an institution or organization

There are three founding members of our company

Domestic (adj) - relating to a person’s own country

Domestic opinion has turned against the war

Broadcasting (n) - the activity or business of sending out programmes on television or radio

Huge amounts of money are spent on sports broadcasting

Theoretically (adv) - used to say what is possible, although it may not actually happen

It is theoretically possible

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On April 12th the Muslim holy month of Ramadan began. Millions of Muslims around the world are now fasting, observing the religious holiday, and celebrating with friends and family. In this episode of Thinking in English, I want to answer some of the most common questions people have about Ramadan, and introduce you to some religious vocabulary!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/04/14/68-ramadan-2021-an-introduction-to-islams-holy-month-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List To observe (v) - to obey a law, rule, or custom

People must observe the law

To fast (v) - to eat no food for a period of time

One day a week he fasts for health reasons

practicing (adj) - actively involved in a religion

He is a practicing Christian, and goes to church every week

Holy (adj) - related to a religion or a god

The Quran is the holy book of Islam

Sacred (adj) - considered to be holy and deserving respect, especially because of a connection with a god

This area is sacred to Buddhists

Pilgrimage (n) - a special journey made by a pilgrim

Muslims try to go on a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their life

Dawn (n) - the period in the day when light from the sun begins to appear in the sky

I wake up before dawn every morning

Crescent (n) - a curved shape, like the moon when it is less that half of a circle

The moon was a brightly shining crescent

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Last week, Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh and husband of Queen Elizabeth II, passed away. His death has dominated news reporting in the UK and abroad. Prince Philip was an influential and well known international figure for over 70 years, carrying out thousands of meetings and engagements for the British royal family and his own personal passions. In this special episode of Thinking in English, lets answer the question “Who was Prince Philip?"

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/04/12/67-who-was-prince-philip-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Outpouring (n) - an expression of strong feeling that is difficult to control

His death at the age of 35 has caused an outpouring of grief

Condolence (n) - sympathy and sadness for the family or close friends of a person who has recently died, or an expression of this, especially in written form

World leaders from all over the globe offered their condolences

To banish (v) - to send someone away, especially from their country, and not allow them to come back

He was banished to an uninhabited island for a year

Prestigious (adj) - very much respected and admired, usually because of being important

He studied at a prestigious university

Gratitude (n) - a strong feeling of appreciation to someone or something for what the person has done to help you

She sent them a present to show her gratitude

Amoeba (n) - a very small, simple living creature consisting of only one cell

All life started as amoebas

Sensitive (adj) - easily upset by the things people say or do, or causing people to be upset, embarrassed, or angry

He was very sensitive about his appearance and thought everyone was staring at him

phenomenally (adv) - extremely, especially in a way that is surprising

Her first novel was phenomenally successful

Engagement (n) - an arrangement to do something or meet someone at a particular time and place

We have a dinner engagement Thursday

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What is wrong with Israel’s politics? In the last two years, they have had four different elections. Each time no leader has been able to form a government, and no political parties have been willing to work together. Despite an election being held only a few weeks ago in March, it is already a possibility that a new election will need to be held in the summer. Let’s discuss some of the problems in Israeli politics, as well as practice using advanced political vocabulary!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/04/07/66-what-is-wrong-with-israels-politics-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List Informed (adj) - having a lot of knowledge or information about something

I will keep you informed about my decision

Coalition (n) - the joining together of different political parties or groups for a particular purpose, usually for a limited time, or a government that is formed in this way

By forming a coalition, the rebels and the oppositions parties defeated the government

Short-lived (adj) - lasting only for a brief time

I had a few relationships at college, most of which were fairly short-lived

To convert (v) - to cause something to change in form or character

Could we convert the bedroom to an office

Threshold (n) - the level or point at which something starts to happen

He earns £200 a month, which is way below the threshold for paying tax

To fall out (phrasal v) - to argue with someone and stop being friendly with them

He left home after falling out with his parents

Allegation (n) - a statement, made without giving proof, that someone has done something wrong or illegal

The allegations of corruption were not true

Autocratic (adj) - demanding that people obey completely, without asking or caring about anyone else's opinions

The president resigned after 30 years of autocratic rule

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In this episode of Thinking in English we will discuss the Milk Tea Alliance. Protestors and pro-democracy activists in South East Asia have begun to connect with each other online using the hashtag Milk Tea Alliance. What is this alliance, how did it start, and what does it involve? And why does it use the name “milk tea?” Hopefully by the end of this episode you will be able to answer some, or all, of these questions!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/04/05/65-what-is-the-milk-tea-alliance-english-vocabulary-lesson/

Similar Episodes!

Myanmar Coup - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/02/03/48-myanmar-military-coup-what-is-happening-and-why-english-vocabulary-lesson/

Democracy Rankings - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/03/08/57-is-democracy-dying-freedom-house-2021-report-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Viral (adj) - spreading or becoming popular very quickly on the internet

He seems different since he went viral on Tik Tok

Alliance (n) - a group of people or countries who have agreed to work together because of shared interests or aims

In the USA, religious groups and conservative political parties have formed an alliance

Prominent (adj) - very well known and important

He is a prominent member of the royal family

To advocate (v) - to publicly support or suggest an idea, development, or way of doing something

The organisation advocates for human rights

Neat (adj) - a drink without anything added to it

She likes her whisky neat, with no ice or water

To distinguish (v) - to notice or understand the different between two things, or to make one person or thing seem different from another

I’m colour blind and can’t distinguish between red and green easily

Boycott (v) - to refuse to buy a product or take part in an activity as a way of expressing strong disapproval

People in China have boycotted H&M's products

Nationalism (n) - a great, or too great, love for your own country

Nationalism has been spreading through Europe recently

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On the final Sunday of March, the UK and many other European countries adjust their time forward by one hour. This is known as Daylight Savings Time, or Summer time, and is designed to give people more hours of sunlight during the summer months. In this episode of Thinking in English we will look at the history and rationale for DST, before discussing whether or not we really need it in 2021!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/04/01/64-daylight-savings-time-why-do-we-change-our-time-in-the-summer-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

To skip (v) - to leave one thing or place, especially quickly, in order to go to another

This part of the book isn’t very interesting, so I’m going to skip it

To switch (v) - to change suddenly or completely, especially from one thing to another, or to exchange by replacing one person or thing with another

She started studying English, but switched to History in her second year

Equator (n) - an imaginary line drawn around the middle of the earth unequal distance from the North Pole and the South pole

Indonesia lies on the equator

Industrialised (adj) - Used to describe a country, economy, area, etc. that has many businesses and factories involved in producing goods

Even in the industrialised world illiteracy is a problem

Agricultural (adj) - used for farming or relating to farming

The country’s economy is mainly agricultural

Consistent (adj) - always behaving or happening in a similar way

Her work is sometimes good, but the problem is she’s not consistent

To adjust (v) - to change something slightly, especially to make it more correct, effective or suitable

If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you

Rationale (n) - the reasons or intentions that cause a particular set of beliefs or actions

I don’t understand the rationale for these restrictions

Deprived (adj) - not having the things that are necessary for a pleasant life, such as enough money, food, or good living conditions

As I work at night, I am often sleep deprived

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North Korea has recently restarted missile tests, worrying neighbouring countries and international organisations. Why have they decided to do this now? This episode will look at a few different explanations for North Korea’s missile tests, as well as discussing the country's weapons programme in general!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/03/29/63-north-korean-missile-tests-explained-english-vocabulary-lesson/

Myanmar Coup - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/02/03/48-myanmar-military-coup-what-is-happening-and-why-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Tumultuous (adj) - full of confusion, change, or uncertainty

After the tumultuous events of 1990, Europe was completely changed

Totalitarian (adj) - being a political system in which those in power have complete control and do not allow people freedom to oppose them

North Korea may be a totalitarian regime

To violate (v) - to break or act against something, especially a law, agreement, principle, or something that should be treated with respect

They were charged with violating federal law

Provocative (adj) - causing an angry reaction, usually intentionally

In a deliberately provocative speech, she criticized the whole system of government

To unveil (v) - to make something secret known

The president’s new policy was unveiled at the press conference

To prohibit (v) - to officially refuse to allow something

Motor vehicles are prohibited from driving in the town centre

Escalating (adj) - increasing in price, amount, rate, etc.

The price of oil is escalating

Stalemate (n) - a situation in which neither group involved in an argument can win or get an advantage and no action can be taken

Despite long discussions, the workers and the management remain locked in stalemate

Sanction (n) - an official order, such as the stopping of trade, that is taken against a country in order to make it obey international law

Economic sanctions will only be lifted when the aggressive nation withdraws its troops

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The plural of bird is birds, the plural of dog is dogs, but what is the plural of octopus? Is it octopuses, octopi, or octopodes? In this episode, we’ll discuss why no one seems to know the answer to this question, and look at the strange and confusing world of English plurals!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/03/24/62-octopuses-vs-octopi-vs-octopodes-the-strange-world-of-english-plurals/

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Vocabulary List

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Where is the happiest country in the world? How can we measure happiness? Is happiness a good way to compare countries? Has the ongoing pandemic affected people's happiness all over the world? These questions might seem a little complicated to answer, but fortunately for us the World Happiness Report 2021 was released last week! In this episode we’ll talk about the results of their rankings and discuss their findings on global happiness!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/03/22/61-what-is-the-happiest-country-in-the-world-2021-world-happiness-report-english-vocabulary-lesson/

https://worldhappiness.report/ed/2021/

Democracy Rankings - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/03/08/57-is-democracy-dying-freedom-house-2021-report-english-vocabulary-lesson/

Most Languages? - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/01/13/42-which-country-has-the-most-languages-english-vocabulary-lesson/

What is the most expensive city? - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/01/06/40-what-is-the-most-expensive-city-in-the-world-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Corruption (n) - illegal, bad, or dishonest behaviour, especially by people in positions of power

Political corruption is widespread throughout that country

Obsessed (adj) - unable to stop thinking about something; too interest in or worried about something

Why are people so obsessed with money?

Evaluation (n) - A judgment or calculation of the quality, importance, amount, or value of something

Student evaluations of the class will be collected next week

Mutual (adj) - (of two or more people or groups) feeling the same emotion, or doing the same thing to or for each other

Their partnerships was based on mutual trust, respect, and understanding

Stringent (adj) - having a very severe effect, or being extremely limiting

We need to introduce more stringent security measures such as identity cards

To buffer (v) - to provide protection against harm

People’s concerns were buffered by the government’s strong actions

Morale (n) - the amount of confidence felt by a person or group of people, especially when in a dangerous or difficult situation

A couple of victories would improve the team's morale enormously

Frequency (n) - the number of times something happens within a particular period

Complaints about the frequency of buses rose in the last year

Solidarity (n) - agreement between, and support, for the members of a group

The purpose of the speech was to show solidarity with the country’s leaders

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In this episode, I want to talk about St Patrick’s day! St Patrick’s day is an incredibly popular celebration of Ireland and Irish culture with events taking place around the world. However, the history of this holiday is incredibly surprising. Let’s learn about the life of St Patrick, the history of the festival, and some of the myths surrounding the events!!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/03/17/60-st-patricks-day-explained-english-vocabulary-lesson/

Similar Episodes!

What is Halloween? - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/10/30/14-what-is-halloween/

Bonfire Night! - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/06/bonfire-night-a-unique-british-festival-with-an-explosive-history/

Christmas! - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/23/36-christmas-special-christmas-idioms-phrases-and-sayings-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Enthralling (adj) - keeping someone’s interest and attention completely

I found your book absolutely enthralling!

Festivities (plural n) - the parties, meals, and other social activities with which people celebrate a special occasion

If you’re in Europe during winter, you should join in with the Christmas festivities!

Advocate (n) - someone who publicly supports something

He’s a strong advocate of human rights

To inhabit (v) - to live in a place

These remote islands are inhabited only by birds

To convert (v) - to change to a new religion, belief, opinion, etc., or to make someone do this

He converted to Catholicism when he got married

Mythology (n) - a popular belief that is probably not true

There is a lot of mythology surrounding the origin of that country

To banish (v) - to send someone away, especially from their country, and not allow them to come back

He was banished to an uninhabited island for a year

To flee (v) - to escape by running away, especially because of danger or fear

In order to escape his enemies, he fled to the mountains

Misconception (n) - an idea that is wrong because it has been based on a failure to understand a situation

I’d like to clear up the common misconception that older workers don’t know how to use technology

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Reading is an incredibly important skill to learn and improve for all language students. You can build your vocabulary and grammar knowledge, discover new facts about different cultures and history, and enjoy yourself at the same time! It can be scary and frustrating when trying to choose your first English book, so in this episode I’m going to give you 5 classic novel recommendations that are all available as graded readers designed for English learners!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/03/15/59-5-books-recommendations-to-improve-your-english/

Recommended Books

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn - https://amzn.to/30ONvgp (PAID LINK)

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (Graded Reader) - https://amzn.to/38Ehcp7 (PAID LINK)

Animal Farm - https://amzn.to/3czhe2D (PAID LINK)

Animal Farm (Graded Reader) - https://amzn.to/3bLQRr9 (PAID LINK)

The Night Manager - https://amzn.to/3co1BL6 (PAID LINK)

The Night Manager (Graded Reader) - https://amzn.to/3rRKoQU (PAID LINK)

Great Expectations - https://amzn.to/3bKlJYQ (PAID LINK)

Great Expectation (Graded Reader) - https://amzn.to/3bLeAHO (PAID LINK)

Moby Dick - https://amzn.to/3vnwkk9 (PAID LINK)

Moby Dick (Graded Reader) - https://amzn.to/2OXkPzu (PAID LINK)

(I get commissions for purchases made through these links)

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Vocabulary List

To underestimate (v) - to fail to guess or understand the real cost, size, difficulty, etc. of something

They’ve seriously underestimated the cost of the building project

Rewarding (adj) - giving a reward, especially by making you feel satisfied that you have done something important or useful, or done something well

Teaching is a really rewarding career

Accomplishment (n) - something that is successful, or that is achieved after a lot of work or effort

There’s a feeling of accomplishment from having a job and all that goes with it

To simplify (v) - to make something less complicated and therefore easier to do or understand

He tried to simplify the story for the younger audience

To grade (v) - to separate people or things into different levels of quality, size, importance, etc.

The fruit is washed and then graded by size

Satire (n) - a way of criticizing people or ideas in a humorous way, especially in order to make a political point, or a piece of writing that uses this style

Her play was a satire on life in the 1980s

Undoubtedly (adv) - used to emphasize that something is true

She was undoubtedly the best candidate

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Penguin Readers Level 6: Great Expectations (ELT Graded Reader)

Penguin Readers Level 2: The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn (ELT Graded Reader)

Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: A Signature Performance by Elijah Wood

Moby-Dick [with Biographical Introduction]

Penguin Readers Level 7: Moby Dick (ELT Graded Reader)

Great Expectations-Treasury of Illustrated Classics Storybook Collection

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It has been 10 years since the Great East Japan Earthquake struck the Asian country, causing a massive and destructive tsunami. On this episode of Thinking in English, I want to talk about the events of March 11th 2011, and look at the Fukushima nuclear disaster in more detail. Finally, I will discuss the future of nuclear power, as well as its pros and cons!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/03/10/58-the-future-of-nuclear-power-10-years-after-the-great-east-japan-earthquake/

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Vocabulary List

To trigger (v) - to cause something to start

Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches

To breach (v) - to make an opening in a wall or fence, especially in order to attack someone or something behind it

Their defences were easily breached

Reactor (n) - a large machine in which atoms are either divided or joined in order to produce power

How many nuclear reactors does your country have?

Epicenter (n) - the point on the earth’s surface directly above an earthquake or atomic explosion

Those islands are close to epicenter of the earthquake

To expose (v) - to put someone at risk from something harmful or unpleasant

It is feared that people living near the power station may have been exposed to radiation

To evacuate (v) - to move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe

The police evacuated the village shortly before the explosion

Radioactive (adj) - having or producing the energy that comes from the breaking up of atoms

Uranium is a radioactive material

Footprint (n) - a measurement of the size, effect, etc. of something

We took the decision to invest in new countries and grow our global footprint

To pose (v) - to cause something, especially a problem or difficulty

Nuclear weapons pose a threat to everyone

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Is democracy dying? According to a recently released report, the answer might be ‘yes.’ Freedom House’s democracy rankings for 2020 were released last week, and the findings were shocking! In this episode we’ll talk about their conclusions, how Freedom House is able to assess democracy, and discuss why democracy might be struggling!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/03/08/57-is-democracy-dying-freedom-house-2021-report-english-vocabulary-lesson/

2021 Freedom in the World Report - https://freedomhouse.org/report/freedom-world/2021/democracy-under-siege

What is Democracy? - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/08/18-what-is-democracy-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

To collapse (v) - to suddenly fail, be unable to continue or work correctly

The Soviet Union collapsed in the early 1990s

Unprecedented (adj) - never having happened or existed in the past

Unemployment has reached an unprecedented level

Reliable (adj) - someone or something that is reliable can be trusted or believed because he, she or it works or behaves well in the way expected

Is your watch reliable? Or is it a little slow?

Unstable (adj) - not solid and firm and therefore not strong, safe, or likely to last

That chair looks really unstable!

Deterioration (n) - the fact or process of becoming worse

We’ve seen a deterioration in relations between the countries

Secretive (adj) - people or organisation who are secretive hide their feelings, thoughts, intentions and actions from other people

He’s being very secretive about his new girlfriend

Surveillance (n) - the careful watching of a person or place, especially by the police or army, because of a crime that has happened or is expected to happen

More banks are now installing surveillance cameras

To enforce (v) - to make people obey a law

It isn’t always easy for the police to enforce speed limits

Bribery (n) - an attempt to make someone do something for you by giving the person money, presents, or something else that they wanted

Some cultures consider tipping waiters bribery, while in others it’s considered an insult if you don’t leave a tip

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What is the lowest wage a company should be able to pay someone? This is not an easy question to answer. Higher wages might help workers but hurt companies, while low wages will hurt those workers but help the businesses. Should we have a minimum wage, and if so, what should that minimum wage be? This episode of Thinking in English will look at the history of minimum wages, and then investigate a few arguments for and against higher minimum wages!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/03/03/56-the-minimum-wage-debate-explained-english-vocabulary-lesson/

Most Expensive Cities Episode -- http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/01/06/40-what-is-the-most-expensive-city-in-the-world-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Legally (adv) - as stated by the law

Children under 16 are not legally allowed to buy cigarettes in the UK

Poverty (n) - the condition of being extremely poor

Two million people in that city live in poverty

Entitle (v) - to give someone the right to do or have something

Being unemployed entitles you to government support

To spur (v) - to encourage an activity or development or make it happen faster

A huge new factory spurred economic growth in the entire region

Necessity (n) - something that you need, especially in order to live

Eating is a biological necessity

Devastating (adj) - causing a lot of damage or destruction

The missile strike was devastating - the target was totally destroyed

Market (n) - the business or activity of buying and selling a particular product or service

Many companies are waiting to enter the Chinese market!

To exploit (v) - to use someone or something unfairly for your own advantage

Laws exist to stop companies exploiting their employees

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British English or American English: which one is better? I’ve been asked this question hundreds of times. It can be confusing and frustrating for language learners when the vocabulary they have spent years learning is different to that of their British or American friends’. So on this episode, I want to introduce a few of the key differences between the two dialects, explain why there are some variations, and finally offer a little advice on which you should focus on!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/03/01/55-british-english-vs-american-english-which-is-better/

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Vocabulary List

To frustrate (v) - to make someone feel annoyed or less confident because that cannot achieve what they want

It frustrates me that I’m not able to put any of my ideas into practice

Dialect (n) - a form of language that people speak in a particular part of a country, containing some different words and grammar

The poem is written in a southern dialect

Variation (n) - something that is slightly different from the usual form or arrangement

Her movies are all variations on the same theme

Distinction (n) - a difference between two similar things

There’s a clear distinction between the dialects spoken in the two regions

Noticeable (adj) - easy to see or recognise

There has been a noticeable improvement in Tim’s cooking

Straightforward (adj) - easy to understand or simple

This recipe is so straightforward - you just mix all the ingredients together

To occur (v) - to happen

The incident occurred shortly after the plane took off

Fashionable (adj) - popular at a particular time

Celebrities are always eating at that fashionable restaurant

Responsible (adj) - to be the person who caused something to happen, especially something bad

Last month’s bad weather was responsible for the crop failure

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On today’s episode I want to talk about conversations and how to have better ones! English learners often really want to start having conversations in English, but at the same time can be nervous and anxious. Don’t worry though! If you follow the tips in this episode you will be having conversations like a professional in no time!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/02/24/54-how-to-have-better-conversations-english-vocabulary-lesson/

Related Episodes! George Orwell's tips for writing! (http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/02/01/47-how-to-improve-your-written-english-according-to-the-great-writer-george-orwell/)

How to improve your writing skills! (http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/21/35-how-to-improve-your-writing-skills/)

How to ask excellent question! (http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/14/how-to-ask-excellent-questions-english-vocabulary-lesson/)

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Vocabulary List

Light-hearted (adj) - happy and not serious

We had a fairly light-hearted discussion

Anxiety (n) - an uncomfortable feeling of nervousness or worry about something that is happening or might happen in the future

Children normally feel a lot of anxiety about their first day at school

Awkward (adj) - embarrassed or nervous

He seemed a little awkward when i first met him

Favour (n) - a kind action that you do for someone

Could you do me a favour - would you feed my cat this weekend?

Uncomfortable (adj) - not feeling comfortable and pleasant, or not making you feel comfortable and pleasant

The boy looked uncomfortable and out of place among the adults

Interaction (n) - an occasion when two or more people or thing communicate with each other

Language games are usually intended to encourage student interaction

Curious (adj) - interested in learning about people or things around you

Babies are curious about everything around them

Naturally (adv) - having an ability or characteristic from birth

He’s naturally funny - he doesn’t even have to try

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Australian Facebook users realised last week that they could no longer read, access, or share news articles on the social media platform. Facebook, the world’s largest social media site, has banned news in Australia. This episode will look at why this happened, and what some of the consequences could be!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/02/22/53-why-has-facebook-banned-news-in-australia-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List To rival (v) - to be as good, clever, beautiful, etc. as someone or something else

At the moment, no one can rival China as the world's biggest luxury goods market!

Drastic (adj) - (especially for actions) severe and sudden or having very noticeable effects

Many employees have had to take drastic cuts in pay

Consequence (n) - a result of a particular action or situation, often one that is bad or not convenient

Failure to do proper safety checks may have serious consequences.

Publisher (n) - a person or company that produces and sells books, magazines, newspapers, software, etc.

He is both the publisher and editor of the local newspaper

To host (v) - to provide the computer equipment, technology and software for a website or advertisement to be available on the internet

The Thinking in English blog is hosted by WordPress

Determined (adj) - wanting to do something very much and not allowing anyone or any difficulties to stop you

She will get the job she wants - she’s a very determined person

Inquiry (n) - an official process to discover the facts about something bad that has happened

Citizens have demanded a full inquiry into the government’s handling of the epidemic

Unintended (adj) - not intended

The group argues that many of the proposed reforms will have unintended consequences

To generate (v) - to cause something to exist

Her latest film has generated a lot of interest!

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Missions from China, the UAE, and the USA have all arrived on, or near to, Mars. This is the first time three different countries have sent missions to the planet at the same time. Why? This episode will look at the reasons behind each of the three current missions, investigate why we want to travel there at all, and what the future holds for Mars and humanity!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/02/17/52-the-missions-to-mars-why-are-the-usa-china-and-uae-all-heading-to-the-red-planet-english-vocabulary-lesson/

Venus Episode - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/10/08/life-on-venus/

China and the Moon - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/03/china-lands-on-the-moon-are-we-on-the-verge-of-a-new-space-race-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST Humanity (n) - people in general

In the war they committed many crimes against humanity!

To glimmer (v) - to shine with a weak light

The lights of the village were glimmering in the distance

To orbit (v) - to follow a curved path around a planet or star

On this mission the shuttle will orbit the Earth at a height of several hundred kilometers

Mission (n) - a group of people or objects sent somewhere to investigate or achieve a goal

This is their third mission to the Moon!

Exploration (n) - the act of traveling to a place or searching a place in order to learn about it

Space exploration is one of the main goals of his government!

Atmosphere (n) - a mixture of gases that surrounds any planet

We are searching for a planet with a breathable atmosphere

To replicate (v) - to make or do something again in exactly the same way

Researchers have tried many times to replicate the original experiment

Colony (n) - a country or area controlled politically by a more powerful country that is often far away

Australia and New Zealand are former British colonies

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In this episode of Thinking in English I want to talk about Clubhouse. Clubhouse is a social media application that has become incredibly popular over the last few weeks. Entrepreneurs, investors, and creative people are using the site to host discussion and conversations for thousands of listeners. However, it is an exclusive platform and all users need to be invited before they can join. What is Clubhouse? Why is it so popular at this moment? What does the future hold for the application?

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/02/15/51-what-is-clubhouse-the-social-media-app-taking-the-world-by-storm-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST To take (something) by storm (phrase) - to be very successful in a particular place or among a particular group of people

Jazz took London and Paris by storm in the 1920s

Exclusive (adj) - limited to only one person, a few people or a group of people

This room is for the exclusive use of guests

Moderator (n) - someone who makes certain that a formal discussion happens without problems and follows the rules

He was the moderator for the presidential debate!

To gossip (v) - to talk about other people’s private lives

Stop gossiping and do your work

Entrepreneur (n) - someone who starts their own business, especially when this involves seeing a new opportunity

He is a talented entrepreneur who has started over one hundred businesses!

Nuanced (adj) - a quality of something that is not easy to notice but may be important

The actor gives a beautifully nuanced performance in a tricky role

Dialogue (n) - a serious exchange of opinion, especially among people or groups that disagree

We have held a number of meetings, and the dialogue is ongoing

Capacity (n) - the total amount that can be contained or produced

The stadium has a seating capacity of 50,000

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Coronavirus is not the first disease to kill millions of people and impact our lives. Throughout history, smallpox destroyed countless lives and devastated entire communities. It was incredibly infectious and incredibly deadly. However, smallpox is also the only disease to ever be completely eradicated by humans. This episode will look at the history of that deadly disease, investigate how we got rid of the virus, and consider the lessons we can take from the time!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/02/10/50-the-history-of-smallpox-how-did-we-eradicate-the-disease-and-what-can-it-teach-us-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

To infect (v) - to pass a disease to another person

The hospital is full of people infected with coronavirus

Precaution (n) - an action that is done to prevent something unpleasant or dangerous happening

They failed to take the necessary precautions to avoid infection

Infectious (adj) - an infectious disease is able to be passed from one person, animal, or plant to another; an infectious person is someone able to pass a disease

After the 21-day isolation period, survivors are no longer infectious

To devastate (v) - to destroy a place or thing completely or cause great damage

The town was devastated by a hurricane in 1928

To eradicate (v) - to get rid of something completely or destroy something bad

Hopefully we will eradicate coronavirus soon!

To contract (v) - to catch or become ill with a disease

He contracted a rare illness while he was travelling

Immunity (n) - a situation in which you are protected against disease

The vaccination gives you immunity against the disease for up to six months

Bulletproof (adj) - cannot be corrected, altered, or modified

The lawyer made a bulletproof argument in front of the judge!

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We drink millions of bottles of water every year. However, in some countries, including mine the UK, our tap water is perfectly safe! We don’t really need to buy bottled water! There are environmental, financial, and health costs connected to bottled water. Should bottled water be banned?

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/02/08/49-should-bottled-water-be-banned-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Optician (n) - Someone whose job is examining people’s eyes and selling glasses or contact lenses to correct sight problems

The optician recommended I choose a different pair of glasses!

Beverage (n) - a drink of any type

Hot beverages include tea, coffee, and hot chocolate

Roughly (adv) - approximately or about

We have roughly similar tastes!

Source (n) - the place something comes from or starts at, or the cause of something

Experts are trying to track down the source of the contamination in the water supply

Stringently (adv) - in a way that is strict, severe, or limiting

Fire regulations are stringently enforced in all our factories

Defect (n) - a physical condition in which something is wrong with a part of someone’s body

The drug has been shown to cause birth defects

Consumption (n) - the act of using, eating, or drinking something:

This programme is designed to increase the consumption of vegetables by children!

Carbonated (adj) - a carbonated drink is fizzy because it contains bubbles of carbon dioxide

Although I love carbonated sodas, I really dislike carbonated water!

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On February 1st, the military of Myanmar staged a coup and took control of the country. They arrested elected leaders including the famous Aung San Suu Kyi, and there are worries they will damage Myanmar’s democracy! In this episode we’ll look at what happened, why it happened, and what will happen in the future!

TRANSCRIPT: https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/02/03/48-myanmar-military-coup-what-is-happening-and-why-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Independence (n) - freedom from being governed or ruled by another country

Mexico gained its independence from Spain in 1821

Coup (n) - (or a coup d’etat) a sudden illegal, often violent, taking of government power, especially by part of an army

The military took control in a coup!

To restore (v) - to return something or someone to an earlier good condition or position

After a week in bed, she was fully restored to health

Allegation (n) - a statement, made without giving proof, that someone has done something wrong or illegal

Allegations the president was receiving money from criminals have caused a scandal

To file (v) - to officially record something, especially in a law court

The police filed charges against the two suspects

Fraudulent (adj) - dishonest and illegal; or intended to deceive

The company was fined for fraudulent advertising

To threaten (v) - to tell someone that you will hurt or harm him or her, esp. if the person does not do something in particular

They threatened to drop him from the team if he didn’t come to practice

Straightforward (adj) - easy to understand or simple

Just follow the signs to London - it’s very straightforward!

Sanction (n) - an official order, such as the stopping of trade, that is taken against a country in order to make it obey international law

Many nations have imposed sanctions on the country because of its attacks on its own people

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George Orwell is one of the most famous and talented writers of the last hundred years. Fortunately for us, Orwell left a list of rules for writers to follow and questions to consider which will help you to improve your written English. Writing is an essential skill, and something we can always improve! Hopefully you will find Orwell’s tips and tricks useful!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/02/01/47-how-to-improve-your-written-english-according-to-the-great-writer-george-orwell/

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VOCABULARY LIST To convey (v) - to express a thought, feeling, or idea so that it is understood by other people

I tried to convey in my speech how grateful i am for everyone’s help

Passionate (adj) - having very strong feelings or emotions

Joe is passionate about baseball

Imitation (n) - when someone or something imitates another person or thing

Ten-years-olds have started wearing lipstick and make-up in imitation of the older girls

Worn out (adj) - Something that is worn out can no longer be used because it is so old or because it has been damaged by continued use

My jeans are almost worn out because I’ve worn them so much

To emphasise (v) - to show that something is very important or worth giving attention to

I’d like to emphasize how important it is for people to learn foreign languages

Jargon (n) - special words and phrases that are used by particular groups of people, especially in their work

Business people use jargon all the time

Abbreviation (n) - a short form of a word or phrase

“BBC” is the abbreviation for “British Broadcasting Corporation”

Compulsory (adj) - If something is compulsory, you must do it because of a rule or law

Swimming was compulsory at my school

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Archaeologists recently discovered the world’s oldest cave paintings of animals, in an isolated cave in Indonesia. This has challenged the way scientists think about our history, and provided evidence for people in Asia tens of thousands of years ago! Let’s learn about this topic, while studying English vocabulary!

Transcript -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/01/27/46-worlds-oldest-cave-paintings-discovered-in-indonesia-english-vocabulary-lesson/#

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Vocabulary

Archaeologist (n) - someone who studies the buildings, graves, tools, and other objects of people who lived in the past

Archaeologists have uncovered the remains of an Anglo-Saxon settlement

Remote (adj) - far away in distance; a long way from any towns or cities

They live in a remote mountain village, miles from the nearest shop

Characteristic (n) - a typical or noticeable quality of someone or something

A big nose is a characteristic in my family

Capacity (n) - someone’s ability to do a particular thing

She has a great capacity for hard work

To date (v) - to say how long something has existed or when it was made

Archaeologists have been unable to date these fossils

Artefact (n) - an object that is made by a person, such as a tool or decoration, especially one that is of historical interest

The museum’s collection includes artefacts dating back to prehistoric times

Reasonable (adj) - based on or using good judgement and therefore fair and practical

If you tell him what happened, I’m sure he’ll understand - he’s a reasonable man!

Sophisticated (adj) - intelligent or made in a complicated way and therefore able to do complicated tasks

I think a more sophisticated approach is needed to solve this problem

Pigment (n) - a substance that gives something a particular colour when it is added to it

Pigment is mixed into oil, glue, egg, etc. to make different types of paint

Comprehension Questions Q. What animal was painted in the cave?

Q. When did humans arrive in Australia?

Q. Where was the oldest human produced art discovered?

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In this episode, I am going to introduce eight idioms that are commonly used in business situations. One of the major problems language learners face when working in a native English environment is recognising and comprehending idioms. Even if you are not interested in business, these idioms are used in many different situations and contexts! Whether you are studying, working, living, and or just enjoying English, these idioms will be perfect for you!

TRANCRIPT: https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/01/25/45-eight-more-business-english-idioms/

Previous Episodes!

http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/29/incredibly-useful-english-idioms-ideal-for-business-english-ielts-study-abroad-and-more-english-vocabulary-lesson/

http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/11/19-eight-useful-business-english-idioms/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Frequently (adv) - often

The buses run less frequently on Sundays

To originate (v) - to come from a particular place, time, situation, etc

Although the game originated in the UK, it has become an international sport

Elaborate (adj) - containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts

They are making elaborate preparations for their wedding

Flaw (n) - a fault, mistake, or weakness, especially one that happens while something is being planned or made, or that causes something not to be perfect

This report is full of flaws

Dependent (adj) - needing the support of something or someone in order to continue existing or operating

It’s very easy to become dependent on sleeping pills

To concentrate (v) - to direct your attention or your efforts towards a particular activity, subject, or problem

Many wine producers have concentrated their efforts on producing higher quality wine

Bureaucracy (n) - a system for controlling or managing a country, company, or organization, that is operated by a large number of officials employed to follow rules carefully

I had to deal with the university’s bureaucracy when I was applying for financial aid

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Everyone has binge-watched a TV show. Only a few weeks ago, I watched the Netflix show the Queen's Gambit in only 3 days. However, is binge-watching actually bad for you? In this episode, of thinking in English, we will look at what binge-watching is and then think about the benefits and consequences of doing it! Hopefully, by the end of the episode you will be able to express your own opinion on the topic.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/01/20/44-is-binge-watching-bad-for-you/

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VOCABULARY LIST Sitting (n) - a limited period of time during which you sit and do a particular activity

I read that book in one sitting

Cliffhanger (n) - a story or a situation that is exciting because its ending or result is uncertain until it happens

Many of Hitchcock’s films are real cliffhangers

To indulge (v) - to allow yourself or another person to have something enjoyable, especially more than is good for you

I love champagne but i don’t often indulge myself

To admit (v) - to agree that something is true, especially unwillingly

She admitted making a mistake

Perspective (n) - a particular way of considering something

Her attitude lends a fresh perspective to the subject

Beneficial (adj) - helpful, useful, or good

A stay in the countryside will be beneficial to his health

Excessive (adj) - too much

Excessive exercise can sometimes cause health problems

Insomnia (n) - the condition of being unable to sleep, over a period of time

She suffered from insomnia caused by stress at work

Fulfilling (adj) - making you feel happy and satisfied

Nursing is hard work, but it can be very fulfilling

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On the 20th January, Joe Biden will officially replace Donald Trump as the President of the United States of America. This process is very traditional, and therefore uses traditional and specific vocabulary. Today’s episode will introduce some of the events that will take place on the 20th, and highlight some of the essential vocabulary you might notice!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/01/18/43-inauguration-day-all-the-essential-vocabulary/

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Vocabulary List

To reverse (v) - to cause something to go in the opposite direction, order, or position

The Court of Appeal reversed the earlier judgment.

Restriction (n) - an official limit on something

I can’t wait for the coronavirus restrictions to be over

-elect (suffix) - used after the title of an official job to refer to someone who has been chosen by vote to do that job, but who has not yet started doing it:

Mr Theroux is chairman-elect of the Promotion Marketing Association.

To deliver (v) - to give or produce a speech

The President is scheduled to deliver a speech on foreign policy

Address (n) - a formal speech

She gave an address to the Royal Academy

Long-standing (adj) - having existed for a long time

It’s been our long-standing policy not to allow pets at the hotel

To honour (v) - to show great respect for someone or something, especially in public

I would be honoured to meet him

Parade (n) - a large number of people walking or in vehicles, all going in the same direction, usually as part of a public celebration of something:

To serve (v) - to work for; to do your duty to

He served in the army for 22 years

Oath (n) - a serious promise that you will tell the truth or that you will do what you have said

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There are thousands of languages in the world. Some are spoken by billions of people, others by less than one hundred! Which country has the most languages? In this episode I’ll answer that question, look at some of the languages spoken in that country, and try to explain why there are so many!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/01/13/42-which-country-has-the-most-languages-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Diversity (n) - a range of different things or people

The wonderful diversity of our country’s wildlife is now under threat

Inhabitant (v) - a person or animal that lives in a particular place

That city has 5 million inhabitants

Linguistically (adv) - in a way that is connected with language or the study of language

Apparently Silicon Valley has become one of the most linguistically diverse places in America

Dialect (n) - a form of a language that people speak in a particular part of a country, containing some different words and grammar, etc.

The poem is written in northern dialect

Descend from (Phrasal v) - if one thing descend from or is descended from another, the later thing develops from the earlier thing

Romance languages are directly descended from Latin

Ancestor (n) - a person related to you who lived a long time ago

There were portraits of his ancestors on the walls of the room

Indigenous (adj) - existing naturally or having always lived in a place; native

The Navajos are among the indigenous people of North America

Colonist (n) - someone who lives in or goes to live in a country or area that is a colony

The first American colonists arrived in the 17th century

Creole (n) - a language that has developed from a mixture of languages

Many Afro-Caribbean Englishes are creoles

Tribe (n) - a group of people, often of related families, who live together, sharing the same language, culture, and history, especially those who do not live in towns or cities

The Masai tribe live in Africa

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

Q. Apart from English, what languages are native to the UK?

A. Welsh, Gaelic, Scots, Ulster scots, Irish, and Cornish!

Q. How many languages are spoken in Papua New Guinea?

A. About 850

Q. Why are there so many languages in Papua New Guinea?

A. The geographical conditions, isolated tribes, and a long history are the perfect ingredients to create a huge range of languages.

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As I'm sure you already know, a riot broke out in the capital of the USA recently as Donald Trump supporters invaded the US Congress. In the aftermath, Trump has been removed and banned from numerous social media platforms. On today’s episode, we will look at the events of January 6th, and then discuss the idea of free speech. Free speech has been a major talking point after the banning of Trump. Should social media sites have the right to ban users because of what they say or believe?

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VOCABULARY LIST

To evacuate (v) - to move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe

The police evacuated the village shortly after the explosion

To discredit (v) - to cause people to stop respecting someone or believing in an idea of person

Evidence of links with criminals discredited the mayor

To intimidate (v) - to frighten or threaten someone, usually in order to persuade them to so something that you want them to do

They were intimidated into accepting a pay cut by the threat of losing their jobs

To cover (v) - to report the news about a particular important event

She is covering the American election for BBC television

To excuse (v) - to forgive someone

We cannot excuse him for these crimes

Freely (adv) - without being controlled or limited

Exotic foods are freely available in supermarkets

To moderate (v) - to manage a public discussion

The local TV anchorman is going to moderate the debate

Personality (n) - a famous person

The show is hosted by a popular TV personality

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How expensive is the city you live in? Recently, the Economist Intelligence Unit has released its ranking of the most expensive cities in the world. The episode will look at the results of this ranking, as well as talk about some of the trends in price increases or decreases and the reasons behind these trends!

https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/01/06/40-what-is-the-most-expensive-city-in-the-world-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST To rank (v) - to have a position a higher or lower than others, or to be considered to have such a position

She ranked the bottle in order of size along the shelf

Inexpensive (adj) - not costing a lot of money

That is an inexpensive perfume

To drop (v) - to move to a lower level, or cause something to move to a lower level

We had to drop our prices because of the recession

Habit (n) - something that you do often and regularly, sometimes without knowing that you are doing it

Members of the public were asked about their shopping habits

To embrace (v) - to accept something enthusiastically

He embraced the opportunity

Vice (n) - a moral fault or weakness in someone’s character

My one real vice is chocolate

To cope (v) - to deal successfully with a difficult situation

It must be really hard to cope with three young children and a job

To plummet (v) - to fall very quickly and suddenly

House prices have plummeted in recent months

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Brexit. I’m sure you must have heard about Brexit at some point in the last four years, and the UK finally left the EU on January 1st 2020. I often get asked about Brexit by English students and foreign friends, and one of the biggest challenges people face is the vocabulary. It can be complicated, confusing, and full of political and economic jargon! So on this episode, I will introduce some of the key vocabulary that could help you to understand and read about Brexit!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2021/01/04/39-brexit-all-the-essential-vocabulary-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Departure (n) - the act leaving somewhere, or an occasion when this happens

Our departure was delayed because of bad weather

Union (n) - the act or the state of being joined together

The debate on European political and monetary union continues

To coin (v) - to invent a new word or expression, or to use one in a particular way for the first time

Allen Ginsberg coined the term “flower power”

Divisive (adj) - used to describe something that causes great and sometimes unfriendly disagreement within a group of people

The Vietnam war was an extremely divisive issue in the US

To trigger (v) - to cause something to start

Some people find that certain food trigger their headaches

To reach (v) - to achieve something after careful thought or discussion

After hours of discussion, the committee finally reached a decision

Tariff (n) - a charge for services or on goods entering a country

The US has imposed new tariffs on chocolate from Brazil

Regulation (n) - an official rule or the act of controlling something

New safety regulations have been brought in

contention (n) - the disagreement that results from opposing arguments

There’s a lot of contention about that issue - for every person firmly in favour, there’s someone fiercely against it

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2020 is almost over! What a strange and unforgettable year it has been! In this episode, we are going to look at New Year’s resolutions. And if you listen until the end, I will give you some suggestions for English learning related New Year’s resolutions that you can try yourself!

https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/30/38-new-years-resolutions-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

To alter (v) - to change something, usually slightly, or to cause the characteristics of something to change

We’ve had to alter some of our plans

To socialise (v) - To spend time when you are not working with friends or with other people in order to enjoy yourself

I tend to not socialise with my colleagues

resolution (n) - a promise to yourself to do or to not do something

I made a resolution to give up chocolate

trait (n) - a particular characteristic that can produce a particular type of behaviour

His sense of humour is one of his better traits

Cliché (n) - a saying or remark that is very often made and is therefore not original and not interesting

People always use cliches in job interviews

unachievable (adj) - an unachievable task, ambition, etc. is one that is impossible to achieve

It may be an unachievable goal, but you set your targets as high as you possibly can

spontaneously (adv) - in a way that is natural, often sudden, and not planned or forced

Hundred of people spontaneously appeared at the house for a party

satisfied (adj) - pleased because you have got what you wanted, or because something has happened in the way that you wanted

Some people are never satisfied!

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On today’s episode, let's talk about money. Whether you love the idea of money, or hate it, money is undoubtedly one of the most important parts of our modern world! As an important part of our culture, money has obviously impacted our language. There are hundreds, if not thousands, of different ways to refer to or talk about money; although I can't introduce you to all of these, this episode will give you a few interesting alternatives to add to your vocabulary. I’ll also suggest a few money-related idioms you could try to use!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/28/37-money-essential-english-vocabulary/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Good (n) - things for sale, or the things that you own

There is a 25 percent discount on all electrical goods until the end of the week

To barter (v) - to exchange goods for other things rather than for money

He bartered his stamp collection for her comics.

To negotiate (v) - to have formal discussions with someone in order to reach an agreement with them

I’m negotiating for a new contract

Currency (n) - the money that is used in a particular country at a particular time

19 European countries use the Euro as their currency

Slang (n) - very informal language that is usually spoken rather than written

“Chicken” is slang for someone who isn’t brave

Colloquial (adj) - (of words and expressions) informal and more suitable for use in speech than in writing

English is full of colloquial terms and phrases

Simultaneously (adv) - in a way that is simultaneous (= happening or being done at exactly the same time)

Two children answered the teacher’s question simultaneously

Budget (n) - the amount of money you have available to spend

The school budget is going to be cut again

Mainstream (adj) - considered normal, and having or using ideas, beliefs, etc. that are accepted by most people

This is the director’s first mainstream Hollywood film

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

Q. What currency does Ireland use?

A. Euro

Q. “I have no money” - What idiom would describe me?

A. Broke/Short on money

Q. “I am rich” - What idiom would describe me?

A. Loaded/Filthy rich

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Hello and Merry Christmas! This episode is probably being released on Christmas eve, so there is no better time to learn some Christmassy words!! Learn some festive themed idioms, phrases, and sayings to boost your Christmas vocabulary!

TRANSCRIPT!! - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/23/36-christmas-special-christmas-idioms-phrases-and-sayings-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary list

Intrinsic (adj) - being an extremely important and basic characteristic of a person or thing

Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum

To associate (v) - to connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else

Most people associate this brand with good quality

Ecstatic (adj) - extremely happy

The new president was greeted by an ecstatic crowd

Loosely (adv) - not exactly

The film is loosely based on a novel by John Smith

Illogical (adj) - not reasonable, wise, or practical, usually because directed by the emotions rather than by careful thought

It is an illogical statement, because if one part is true, then the other must be false

Insignificant (adj) - small or not noticeable, and therefore not considered important

Why bother arguing about such an insignificant amount of money?

Intention (n) - something that you want and plan to do

I’ve no intention of changing my plans just to fit in with his

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On today’s episode, I'm hoping to give you some tips to improve your writing skills! Writing is one of the key language skills, and often students want to know how they can get better! We’ll look at some of the reasons writing is important to practice, and then I'll offer some advice on how to improve!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/21/35-how-to-improve-your-writing-skills/

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VOCABULARY LIST

To reinforce (v) - to make something stronger

The pockets on my jeans are reinforced with double stitching

Aspect (n) - one part of a situation, problem, subject, etc.

Which aspects of your job do you most enjoy?

Element (n) - a part of something

The movie has all the elements of a blockbuster

Flow (n) - if discussions or ideas flow, people talk and exchange information in a relaxed way

Ideas flow more easily in an atmosphere of trust

Factor (n) - a fact or situation that influences the result of something

People’s voting habits are influenced by political, social, and economic factors

Perfection (n) - the state of being complete and correct in every way

In his quest for physical perfection, he spends hours in the gym

To express (v) - to communicate what you think or feel, by speaking or writing, or in some other way

Children often express themselves in painting

To analyse - to study or examine something in detail, in order to discover more about it

Researchers analysed the purchases of 6,300 households

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On today’s episode we are going to discuss the controversy and debate surrounding zoos! Are zoos vital organisations because they promote scientific research and public education, and save animals on the verge of extinction? Or are zoos terrible prisons with no educational value that damage animals physically and psychologically?

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/16/34-should-zoos-exist-a-discussion-of-the-benefits-and-controversies-surrounding-zoos-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Controversial (adj) - causing disagreement or discussion

The book was very controversial

To struggle (v) - to experience difficulty and make a very great effort in order to do something

I’ve been struggling to understand this article all afternoon

Logistically (adv) - in a way that involves the careful organization of a complicated activity

In theory, this is a great idea, but logistically, it's a nightmare

Aristocrat (n) - a person of high social rank who belongs to the aristocracy

Many aristocrats were killed in the French Revolution

Conservation (n) - the protection of plants, animals, and natural areas from the damaging effects of human activity

Wildlife conservation is an important idea in a number of African countries

Biodiversity (n) - the number and types of plants and animals that exist in a particular area in the world, and the problems of protecting this

Much of this area’s biodiversity is threatened by climate change

Captive (adj) - (of a person or animal) having limited ability to move or act freely because of being kept in a space

If it is successful, releasing captive animals into the wild could restore the population to over 500 this year!

Habitat (n) - the natural environment in which an animal or plant usually lives

With so many areas of forest being cut down, a lot of wildlife is losing its natural habitat

Detrimental (adj)- causing harm or damage

These chemicals have a detrimental impact on the environment

Comprehension Questions

Q. Why was Calgary zoo struggling to feed its pandas?

A. They could not buy/import enough bamboo!’

Q. Where is the world's oldest operational zoo?

A. Tiergarten Schönbrunn in Austria

Q. What is the leading cause of death of gorillas in captivity?

A. Heart disease

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On today’s episode, we are going to look at how to ask great questions! Asking questions is one of the most important skills in daily life, but most people do not realise we can practice and improve! I’ll look at why questions are important, the mistakes we often make when asking questions, and then some tips on how to improve!

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/14/how-to-ask-excellent-questions-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

To clarify (v) - to make something clear or easier to understand by giving more details or a simpler explanation

Could you clarify the first point please? I don’t understand it completely.

Tremendous (adj) - very great in amount or level, or extremely good

They were making a tremendous amount of noise last night

respective (adj) - relating or belonging to each of the separate people or things you have just mentioned

Everyone would walk to school together then afterwards we’d go to our respective classes

To fuel (v) - something that fuels a feeling or a type of behaviour increases it or makes it stronger

The president’s speech fuelled speculation that she is about to resign

eager (adj) - wanting very much to do or have something, especially something interesting or enjoyable

He is very eager to meet you

apathetic (adj) - showing no interest or energy and unwilling to take action, especially over something important

Young people today are so apathetic about politics

To bias (v) - to cause someone or something to have a bias (bias is the action of supporting or opposing a particular person or thing in an unfair way, because of allowing personal opinions to influence your judgement)

I don’t want to bias your judgement!

Intrusive (adj) - affecting someone in a way that annoys them or makes them feel uncomfortable

The journalists intrusive questioning made me uncomfortable

transparent (adj) - open and honest, without secrets

We are committed to being totally transparent about our decisions

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Today, i want to introduce you to some of the Oxford English Dictionary’s 2020 words of the year. For the first time ever, the Oxford Dictionary was unable to choose one single standout word from the previous 12 months. Instead, as a consequence of the unprecedented events of 2020, they have highlighted a number of highly significant developments in our vocabulary! So I’m going to introduce you to some of the words and phrases included in the “Word of the Year” report!

TRANSCRIPT -- https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/10/32-the-oxford-dictionary-words-of-the-year-2020-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Unprecedented (adj) - never having happened or existed in the past

This century has witnessed environmental destruction on an unprecedented level

Prominent (adj) - very well known and important

He is a prominent politician in his country

Lexicographer (n) - a person whose job is to write dictionaries

My friend wants to be a lexicographer

momentous (adj) - very important because of effects on future events

Whether or not to move overseas was a momentous decision for the family

To encompass (v) - to include different types of things

The festival is to encompass everything from music, theatre, and ballet to literature, cinema, and the visual arts

Linguistic (adj) - connected with language or the study of language

She is researching the linguistic development of young children

Epidemiologist (n) - someone who studies diseases and how they are found, spread, and controlled in groups of people

They are epidemiologists studying the causes of diseases

To impeach (v) - to make a formal statement saying that a public official is guilty of a serious offence in connection with their job, especially in the US

The governor was impeached for wrongful use of state money

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Today we will discuss the failure of Quibi! I guess many of you are asking, “what is Quibi?” You’re probably not alone. Quibi was supposed to be the next big thing in online videos, attracting billions of dollars in investments before it launched earlier this year. On the 1st December, however, Quibi ended for ever. We’ll look at the history of Quibi, its unique selling points, and talk about why it failed.

TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/08/the-downfall-of-quibi-the-story-of-an-expensive-failure-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Platform (n) - a method of communication or entertainment like television, radio, or the internet

This podcast is available on a number of podcasting platforms, including Apple podcasts, Spotify, and Google podcasts!

content (n) - the information and experiences that are directed to an end-user or audience

She has been producing Youtube content for 5 years!

To tailor (v) - to adjust something to suit a particular need or situation

Their services are tailored to client’s needs

amalgamation (n) - the action or process of uniting or merging two or more things

Opera is an amalgamation of singing, acting, and stagecraft

Orientation (n) - arrangement or direction

The building has an east-west orientation

To consume (v) - to use something such as fuel, energy, money, content or time, especially in large quantities

This device will monitor how much energy your household appliances are consuming at any time

To break down (Phrasal v) - to break down something such as idea or statement means to separate it into smaller parts in order to make it easier to understand or deal with

The report breaks down the results region by region

Up-and-coming (adj) - likely to achieve success soon or in the near future

She is an up-and-coming actress

Comprehension Questions

Q. What two words were combined to make the name Quibi?

A. Quick Bites

Q. How much money did the company raise?

A. $1.8 billion

Q. How many subscribers did Quibi have when it shut down?

A. 400,000

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How much do you know about the history of your languages? Where do the words come from, and why do we use them? Today’s episode will look at the recent news Germany is removing some words of Nazi origins from its phonetic alphabet. Although most German’s were unaware of the history of these terms, the regular use has been considered problematic. Are there any words in your languages that have offensive origins?

Transcript - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/06/30-germany-removes-nazi-words-from-the-german-phonetic-alphabet-how-much-do-you-know-about-the-history-of-your-vocabulary-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

Take… for granted (Phrasal V) - to believe something to be the truth without even thinking about it

I didn’t realise you hadn’t been to college -I suppose I just took it for granted

Quirk (n) - an unusual habit or part of someone’s personality, or something that is strange or unexpected

There is a quirk in the rules that allows you to invest money without paying tax

Mutually (adv) - felt or done by two or more people or groups in the same way

It will be a mutually beneficial project

Unintelligible (adj) - not able to be understood

He muttered something unintelligible

Despicable (adj) - very unpleasant or bad, causing strong feelings of dislike

He’s a despicable human being

Phonetic (adj) - using special signs to represent the different sounds made by the voice in speech

Pronunciations are shown in this dictionary using the International Phonetic Alphabet

Bureaucratic (adj) - relating to a system of controlling or managing a country, company, or organization that is operated by a large number of officials

The company was inefficient because it was highly bureaucratic

Notorious (adj) - famous for something bad

The company is notorious for paying its bills late

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On today’s episode we are going to discuss the news that China has landed another probe on the surface of the moon. The Chinese mission intends to collect rock samples to bring back to Earth; the first time this will happen for over 40 years. Why is China interested in space exploration? Are we on the verge of a new space race? What is the scientific importance of moon rocks? We’ll look at all these questions and more on today’s episode!

TRANSCRIPT: https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/03/china-lands-on-the-moon-are-we-on-the-verge-of-a-new-space-race-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Ensuing (adj) - happening after something and because of it

An argument broke out and in the ensuing fight someone got hurt

Proxy war (n) - a war fought between groups or smaller countries that each represent the interests of other larger powers, and may have help and support from these

The USA and USSR fought a proxy war in Korea

Capability (n) - the ability to do something

These tasks are beyond my capabilities

Probe (n) - a small spacecraft, with no one travelling in it, sent into space to make measurements and send back information to scientists on earth

There is currently a space probe heading towards the sun!

To analyse (v) - to study or examine something in detail, in order to discover more about it

Researchers analysed the purchases of 6300 households

Volcanic (adj) - of, or relating to, or made by a volcano

They were not expecting the volcanic eruption

Overdrive (n) - a state of great activity, effort, or hard work

The cast of the play was in overdrive rehearsing for the first performance

Lunar (adj) - of or relating to the moon

The lunar eclipse was beautiful

Comprehension Questions

Q. How much material does the Chinese probe hope to bring back to Earth?

A. about 2kg

Q. Where on the moon is China planning to land?

A. Close to an area known as Mons Rümker

Q. What private companies are involved in space exploration?

A. Space-X, Virgin Galactic, and Boeing

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On today’s episode we are going to discuss the news that Tesla is now worth over $500 billion! This is considerably more than any other car manufacturer! Is Tesla really worth $500 billion? Why has the company's value increased so much over the last year? How can a company that produces few cars be worth more than many of its competitors combined?

TRANSCRIPT!!! - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/12/01/28-is-tesla-really-worth-500-million-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary list

Gruelling (adj) - extremely tiring and difficult, and demanding great effort and determination

Runners are taking part in a gruelling 100-mile race in the mountains

Value (n) - the amount of money that can be received for something. Also included in this episode are the verb ‘to value’ (meaning to give a judgement about how much money something should be sold for) and the noun ‘valuation’ (which is the act of saying how much something is worth)

The value of the pound fell against other currencies

Profitable (adj) - making or likely to make a profit

Over the years it has developed into a highly profitable business

Quarterly (adj,adv) - done or produced four times a year

The magazine will be produced quarterly

Consecutive (adj) - following one after another without interruption

We’ve had five consecutive days of rain

-fold (suffix) - multiplied by the stated number - if i start with $5, then it increases threefold, i now have $15!

In the last 50 years, there has been a 33-fold increase in the amount of chemicals used in farming

To deem (v) - to consider or judge something in a particular way

The area has now been deemed safe

Consistently (adv) - in a way that does not change

The president has consistently denied the rumours

To fluctuate (v) - to change, especially continuously and between one level or thing and another

Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season

Irrational (adj) - not using reason or clear thinking

It’s totally irrational, but i’m frightened of mice

Comprehension Questions!

Q. What are the three companies I mentioned listed on the S&P 500 index?

A. apple, Microsoft, and Amazon

Q. How much was a Tesla share in January? How much are they now (at the time i’m writing)?

A. $86 in January. Almost $550 now!

Q. How many cars did Tesla sell in 2019?

A. 367,500

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‘Ahead of the pack,’ ‘smooth sailing,’ ‘corner the market.’ English is full of idioms like these three I just mentioned. In order to be able to work, study, or live in a native English speaking environment, understanding and comprehending idioms is a vital skill! For that reason, this episode will introduce you to some common idioms that are especially useful for business situations. However, they will also be beneficial to anyone who wants to study abroad, understand English TV shows or movies, or even just enjoys studying languages!

TRANSCRIPT!! - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/29/incredibly-useful-english-idioms-ideal-for-business-english-ielts-study-abroad-and-more-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

To accelerate (v) - to move more quickly, or to make something happen faster or sooner

He accelerated rapidly to pass a car!

Glitch (n) - a small problem or fault that prevents something from being successful or working as well as it should

The system has been plagued with glitches ever since its launch!

Initiative (n) - a new plan or process to achieve something or solve a problem

The government launched their new education initiative last week!

To blink (v) - when you blink, you close and then open your eyes quickly once or several times, and when an eye blinks, it does this

You’ve got something in your eye - try blinking a few times!

Standard (n) - a level of quality

This essay is not of an acceptable standard - do it again!

Manufacturer (n) - a company that produces goods in large numbers

Japan is a major manufacturer of vehicles!

Towering (adj) - very high or very great

The baseball player hit a towering home run!

Howling (adj) - (of wind) blowing hard and making a lot of noise

The hurricane’s howling winds just missed the island!

Gale (n) - a very strong wind

Hundreds of old trees were blown down in the gales!

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On today’s episode, we are going to look at the idea of free education. Should university be free? This question has been debated for many years. The costs have been rising every year, and more and more graduates are struggling with large amounts of debt. In particular, poorer students are normally those who need to borrow the most money. Should they be punished for wanting to educate themselves? Should taxpayers pay for the education of other people? All of these questions will be addressed in today’s episode of thinking in English!

Full Transcript: https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/26/should-university-be-free-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary

Proportion (n) - the number or amount of something when compared to the whole

Children make up a large proportion of the world’s population!

Tuition (n) - teaching, especially when given to a small group or one person, such as in a college or university

All students receive tuition in maths!

To saddle with (Phrasal v) - to give someone a responsibility or problem that they do not want and thus will cause them a lot of work or difficulty

The company is saddled with debt!

Crippling (adj) - causing serious injuries or harm

The bomb attack dealt a crippling blow to tourism in the country!

Default (n) - a failure to do something, such as pay a debt, that you legally have to do

Any default on your mortgage payments may mean you will lose your house!

Burden (n) - something difficult or unpleasant that you have to deal with or worry about

Buying a house is often a large financial burden on young people!

Notably (adv) - important and deserving attention

Other sports have had work stoppages, most notably baseball!

Vocational (adj) - providing skills and education that prepare you for a job

The school offers vocational programs in welding, electrical work, and construction

Amenity (n) - something, such as a swimming pool or shopping centre, that is intended to make life more pleasant or comfortable for the people of a town, hotel, or other place

The council is spending money on many new public amenities!

Comprehension Questions

Q. How much debt does the average UK graduate have?

A. £40,000

Q. Name 3 things I mentioned that the GI bill paid for.

A. 3 of the following - 22,000 dentists, 67,000 doctors, 91,000 scientists, 238,000 teachers, 240,000 accountants, 450,000 engineers, three Supreme Court Justices, three presidents , many congressmen, at least one Secretary of State, 14 Nobel Prize winners, at least 24 Pulitzer Prize winners, many entertainers

Q. True or false. Bernie Sanders is an opponent of free education.

A. False

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To celebrate the 25th episode of Thinking in English, today I've made a slightly different episode! I decided it's time to introduce myself to all of the listeners, let you know my background, and talk about why I started Thinking in English!!

Transcript! - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/24/25-who-am-i-my-self-introduction-and-why-i-started-thinking-in-english-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List Milestone (n) - an important event in the development or history of something or in someone’s life

We’ve been married now for 20 years, a real milestone

Stereotypical (adj) - with the qualities that people usually expect of a particular type of person or thing, although this idea may be wrong

Managers need to leave behind their stereotypical ideas about women

Institution (n) - a large and important organization, such as a university or bank

This institution is over 800 years old!

To fascinate (v) - to interest someone a lot

Science has always fascinated me!

To comprehend (v) - to understand something completely

He doesn’t seem to comprehend the scale of the problem!

Colonial (adj) - relating to a colony or colonisation

Various parts of Africa have suffered under colonial rule!

Dissertation (n) - a long piece of writing on a particular subject, especially one that is done in order to receive a degree at college or university

Ann did her dissertation on Karl Marx

Immense (adj) - extremely large in size or degree

They spent an immense amount of time getting the room ready for their guests!

Indigenous (adj) - naturally existing in a place or country rather than arriving from another place

The indigenous people of Australia have suffered for many years!

To scupper (v) - to cause something such as a plan or an opportunity to fail

Arriving late for the interview scuppered my chances of getting the job!

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On today’s episode I want to look at the future of transport! Virgin Hyperloop trialled their new technology earlier this month, raising a number of questions about how we will move around in the future. Will cars no longer be needed? How will we travel? Is hyperloop the solution? These questions, and more, will be answered on today’s episode of Thinking in English!!

Transcript Available!!! - http://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/22/24-virgin-hyperloop-and-the-future-of-transportation-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary list

urban (adj) - relating to towns and cities

Over 82% of Texans live in urban areas

congested (adj) - to be crowded or blocked; congested road have too much traffic and it is difficult to move

Congested roads are normal on holiday weekends

To trial (v) - to test something in a formal way to discover how effective or suitable it is

We will trial the new drug in several hospitals

Pod (n) - a detachable or self-contained unit on an aircraft, spacecraft, vehicle, or vessel, having a particular function

The spacecraft has an escape pod for two people

vacuum (n) - a space without any gas or other matter in it, or a space from which most of the air or gas has been removed

Edison knew that he had to create a vacuum inside the lightbulb

levitation (n) - the act of rising or floating, or making someone rise or float, in the air without any physical support

Some superheroes have the power of levitation

To exceed (v) - To be greater than a number or amount, or to go past an allowed limit

The final cost should not exceed $5000

hypothetical (adj) - imagined or suggested but not necessarily real or true

Estimated return is based on a hypothetical $1000 investment

To project (v) - to calculate an amount or number expected in the future from information already known

Government spending is projected to rise by three percent next year

Comprehension Questions

Q. What speed did this month's hyperloop test reach?

A. 107 mph or 172 kmph

Q. How long will it take you to travel from Abu Dhabi to Dubai using hyperloop?

A. 12 minutes

Q. Who first suggested the idea of hyperloop?

A. Elon Musk

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On today’s episode we will look at the recent announcement that the UK will ban all new fossil fuel powered vehicles by 2030! As part of the UK’s “green industrial revolution”, people will be encouraged to move to electric cars instead of petrol or diesel powered ones. What else is part of the “green new deal”? Does it go far enough? We’ll look at these questions and more in this episode of Thinking in English!

Transcript!! - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/19/uk-bans-new-fossil-fuel-vehicles-by-2030/

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Vocabulary List

fossil fuel (n) - fuels, such as gas, coal, and oil, that were formed underground from plant and animal remains millions of years ago

Many governments around the world are trying to replace fossil fuels with renewable energy sources

hybrid (n) - something that is a mixture of two very different things. So, a hybrid vehicle is a vehicle with an engine that used both petrol and another type of energy, usually electricity

Most car manufactures now offer hybrids

pole position (n) - the leading or best possible position

The supermarket chain is aiming to gain pole position in chosen markets

famine (n) - a situation in which there is not enough food for a great number of people, causing illness and death

Another crop failure could result in widespread famine

Drought (n) - a long period when there is little or no rain

This year a severe drought has ruined the crops

Emissions (n) - an amount of a substance that is produced and sent out into the air that is harmful to the environment, especially carbon dioxide

There are many health risks caused by vehicle emissions

Greenhouse gas (n) - one of several gases, especially carbon dioxide, that prevent heat from the earth escaping into space, causing the greenhouse effect

We need a global system for limiting greenhouse gas emissions

Subsidy (n) - money given as part of the cost of something, to help or encourage it to happen

The company received a substantial government subsidy

offshore (adj) - away from or at a distance from the coast

The wind was blowing offshore

pressing (adj) - urgent or needing to be dealt with immediately

The most pressing question is what do we do next?

Shadow (adj) - used in the title of important politicians in the main opposition party (= the party not in government):

Shadow Foreign Secretary or Shadow Chancellor

Comprehension Questions

Q. Which country will ban fossil fuel cars 5 years before the UK?

A. Norway

Q. Road vehicles produce how much of the EU’s carbon dioxide emissions?

A. Around 30%

Q. Who is the UK’s shadow business secretary?

A. Ed Miliband

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On today’s episode we’ll look at the recently signed Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, which brings together 15 Asian and Oceanic countries into the largest free trade agreement in the world. We’ll discuss the idea of free trade, look at the details of the agreement, and finally think about some criticisms of RCEP!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/18/22-the-worlds-largest-trade-deal-what-is-rcep-and-what-is-free-trade-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

trade (n) - the activity of buying and selling, or exchanging, goods and/or services between people or countries

70 percent of the country’s trade is with Europe

gross domestic product (n) - the total value of goods and services produced by a country in one year

Apple makes more money than some countries' gross domestic products!

Intricacy (n) - complicated details

I enjoyed the film, but i couldn’t follow all the intricacies of the plot

Imports (n) - goods bought by one country from another

They have restrictions on foreign imports

Exports (n) - a product that you sell in another country

Coffee is one of Brazil’s main exports

Tariff (n) - a charge or list of charges either for services or goods entering a country

Prices and tariffs change all the time, so it’s difficult to say what you will get for your money

Limitations (n) - if someone or something has limitations, they are not as good as they could be

Despite his limitations as a manger, he always brings projects to completion on time

Component (n) - a part that combines with other parts to from something bigger

The factory supplies electrical components for cars

Comprehension Questions!

Q. How much of the global gross domestic product comes from RCEP members?

A. Around 30%

Q. What percentage of tariffs will RCEP eliminate?

A. Up to 90%

Q. Who criticised RCEP as being ‘low ambition’?

A. Former Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull

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On today’s episode I want to introduce a few phrasal verbs that are suitable for formal English! Phrasal verbs can be confusing; are they formal or informal? How do we use them? When do we use them? Hopefully by the end of this episode you’ll be able to use seven phrasal verbs that are perfect for business, IELTS or TOEFL exams, and other formal situations!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/15/21-phrasal-verbs-perfect-for-formal-situations-ideal-for-ielts-toefl-business-university-and-much-more-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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Vocabulary List

To distinguish (v) - to notice or understand the difference between two things, or to make one person or thing seem different from another

It is important to distinguish between business and pleasure

To specify (v) - to explain or describe something clearly and exactly

He said we should meet but didn’t specify a time

indirect (adj) - happening in addition to an intended result, often in a way that is complicated or not obvious

Indirect effects of the war include disease and food shortages

Boastful (adj) - praising yourself and what you have done

He was confident, not boastful

jet lag (n) - the feeling of tiredness and confusion that people experience after making a long journey by plane to a place where the time is different from the place they left

Every time i fly to the USA, I get really bad jet lag

Venture (n) - new activity, usually in business, that involves risk or uncertainty

She advised us to look abroad for more lucrative business ventures

To reduce (v) - to become or to make something become smaller in size, amount, degree, importance, etc

Do nuclear weapons really reduce the risk of war?

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On today’s episode I want to discuss the idea of Universal Basic Income. This is a highly debated and controversial topic, with strong arguments on both sides! Would providing all residents or citizens of a country with small amounts of money on a regular basis improve people's lives? Or is it an Expensive Waste of Money? Or are there better methods? We’ll address these questions and more in this episode of Thinking in English

Transcript! - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/12/20-what-is-universal-basic-income-a-good-idea-or-an-expensive-waste-of-money/

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Vocabulary List

unprecedented (adj) - never having happened or existed in the past

Unemployment has reached an unprecedented level

To adapt (v) - to change, or to change something, to suit different conditions or uses

Sometimes we have to adapt the design to suit the customers requirements

unconditionally (adj) - in a way that is complete and not limited in any way

He thanked his mother for being unconditionally supportive

Automation (n) - the use of machines and computers that can operate without needing human control

Automation will reduce the need for a large, highly skilled workforce

Detractor (n) - someone who criticizes something or someone, often unfairly

His detractors claim that his personality makes him unsuitable for leadership

Proponent (n) - a person who speaks publicly in support of a particular idea or plan of action

He is one of the leading proponents of capital punishments

To attribute (v) - to say or think that something is the result of a particular thing

Her success can be attributed to three main factors

Implementation (n) - the act of starting to use a plan or system

There will be a delay in implementation of the new regulations

To exacerbate (v) - to make something that is already bad even worse

This attack will exacerbate the already tense relationship between the two communities

To empower (v) - to give someone official or legal authority, or the freedom or confidence to do something

We empower our sales staff to make decisions without always having to consult their boss

Comprehension Questions

Q. The Namibian UBI trial gave 1000 people how much money?

A. 100 Namibian dollars every month

Q. What did research by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) in Finland, France, Italy, and the UK conclude?

A. It “would not prove to be an effective tool for reducing poverty.”

Q. Why did the Swiss government oppose UBI?

A.They believe it would encourage fewer people to work and exacerbate the labour and skills shortages.

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On today’s episode I want to introduce you to eight incredibly useful business English idioms! These idioms will make you sound like a native speaker in no time!

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/11/19-eight-useful-business-english-idioms/

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Vocabulary List

crucial (adj) - extremely important or necessary

Her work has been crucial to the project’s success

To appreciate (v) - to recognize how good someone or something is and to value him, her, or it

There’s no point buying him expensive wines - he doesn’t appreciate them

Norm (n) - an accepted standard or a way of behaving or doing things that most people agree with

Europe has a variety of cultural, political and ethical norms

Auditor (n) - someone whose job is to carry out an official examination of the accounts of a business and to produce a report

The external auditors come in once a year

Engage in small talk (idiom) - to chat with someone about simple topics such as the weather or one’s career

If you think that girl is pretty, why don’t you go over and engage in small talk?

To arise (v) - to happen

If any complications arise, let me know and i’ll help

Idioms covered

Big picture

By the book

Get down to business

Hands are tied

Learn the ropes

On the same page

See eye to eye

Touch base

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On today’s episode, we will look at democracy. What is democracy? What does democracy look like? Is democracy the best type of government?

Transcript! - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/08/18-what-is-democracy-english-vocabulary-lesson/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Under the spotlight (idiom) - if someone or something is under the spotlight, they are thoroughly examined, especially by journalists and the public

The new tax law has put his earnings under the spotlight

ultimate (adj) - most important

My managers will make the ultimate decision about who to employ

Feasible (adj) - able to made, done, or achieved

With some extra resources, the project will be feasible

contemporary (adj) - existing or happening now

I don’t like contemporary art

To govern (v) - to control and direct the public business of a country, city, group of people etc

The country is governed by a military regime

Assembly (n) - the process of coming together, or the state of being together

The constitution protects freedom of assembly

To incorporate (v) - to include something as part of something larger

This car incorporates several new safety features

judicial (adj) - relating to or done by courts or judges or the legal system

The supreme court is the judicial branch of the government

consolidated (adj) - made stronger and more certain

His power was consolidated after his reelection

legitimacy (n) - the quality of being legal, reasonable and acceptable

The lawyers expressed serious doubts about the legitimacy of military action

Comprehension Questions

Q.Where did democracy start?

A.Ancient Greece

Q.Who is one of my favorite philosophers?

A.Rousseau

Q.Who said “democracy is the worst form of government, except for all the others”?

A.WInston Churchill

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On today’s episode, I want to introduce you to a traditional British festival and celebration that you probably haven't heard of before! Bonfire Night, held on November 5th every year, is a day when we set off fireworks, light fires, and so on! However, it is the history connected to religious disagreements and failed terrorist plots that is the most interesting part!

Transcript here!!! - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/06/bonfire-night-a-unique-british-festival-with-an-explosive-history/

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VOCABULARY LIST

ubiquitous (adj) - seeming to be everywhere

Many languages are under threat from the ubiquitous spread of English

To repress (v) - to control what people do, and prevent feelings, desires, or ideas from being expressed

The government repressed all reports from the region

unified (adj) - brought together, combined, or united

The politicians find themselves unusually unified on this policy

To persecute (v) - to treat someone unfairly or cruelly over a long period of time because of their race, religion, or political beliefs

Religious minorities were persecuted during his regime

The establishment (n) - the important and powerful people who control a country or an organization, especially those who support the existing situation

Critics said judges were on the side of the establishment

uprising (n) - an act of opposition, sometimes using violence, by many people in one area of a country against those who are in power

There was a popular uprising in the capital

Conspirator (n) - a person who plans secretly with other people to do something bad, illegal, or against someone's wishes

He was a conspirator in the revolution

To smuggle (v) - to take things or people to or from a place secretly and often illegally

She was caught trying to smuggle 26 kilos of heroin out of the country

elaborate (adj) - containing a lot of careful detail or many detailed parts

They are making elaborate preparations for the wedding

Tyranny (n) - government by a ruler or small group of people who have unlimited power over the people in their country or state and use it unfairly or cruelly

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

Q.When is Bonfire Night?

A.5th November

Q. How is bonfire night celebrated in the UK?

A.Fireworks, Bonfires, burning models, eating toffee apples!

Q.Where did the gunpowder plot conspirators plan to blow up?

A.House of Lords (Parliament)

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On today’s episode, we will discuss the question should euthanasia or assisted suicide be legal? With New Zealand recently voting in support of an euthanasia law, we will look at some of the arguments and debates surrounding the issue!

Transcript!! - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/04/16-should-we-have-the-right-to-die/

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VOCABULARY LIST

referendum (n) - a vote in which all the people in a country or area are asked to give their opinion about or decide an important political or social question

A nationwide referendum will be held to decide the issue

deliberately (adv) - intentionally; on purpose

He did it deliberately to annoy me

To relieve (v) - to make an unpleasant feeling, such as pain or worry, less strong

She was give painkillers to relieve the pain

Suffering (n) - physical or mental pain that a person or animal is feeling

War causes widespread human suffering

terminal (of a disease or illness) (adj) - leading to gradual death

She has terminal cancer

Compassionate (adj) - showing a strong feeling of sympathy and sadness for the suffering or bad luck of others and a wish to help them

The public’s response to the crisis appeal was generous and compassionate

dignity (n) - calm, serious, and controlled behaviour that makes people respect you

I think everyone should be able to die with dignity

Burden (n) - something difficult or unpleasant that you have to deal with or worry about

My elderly mother worries that she is a burden to me

Physician (n) - a medical doctor, especially one who has general skill and is not a surgeon

My brother is a physician

incompatible (adj) - not able to exist or work with another person or thing because of basic differences

Maintaining high quality is incompatible with increasing output

Comprehension Questions

Q.What country voted in support of euthanasia recently?

A.New Zealand

Q.What is the euthanasia law called in that country?

A.End of Life Choice Act

Q.is the American Medical Association for or against euthanasia?

A.Against

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On today’s episode, the final episode in this series on US election vocabulary, we will look at the Election Day. Who can vote? Where do they vote? How do they voter? When will the results be announced? When will the winner become president? These questions, and the vocabulary connected to them, will be answered in today's episode of Thinking in English! If you haven’t already, make sure you listen to episodes 6, 9, and 12 for even more political vocabulary!!

FULL TRANSCRIPT: https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/11/01/15-election-day-vocabulary/

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VOCABULARY LIST

To go to the polls (v) - to vote

The USA will go to the polls on November 3rd

To cast (v) - to vote

All the votes in the election have now been cast and counting has begun

absentee (n) - someone who is absent

If you can’t vote on election day, you can vote using an absentee ballot

intimidation (n) - the action of frightening or threatening someone, usually in order to persuade them to do something that you want them to do

As the election approaches, it will be difficult to prevent voter intimidation and fraud

invalidation (n) - the action of stopping a document, ticket, law, etc. from being legal or officially acceptable

Voting fraud led to the invalidation of the election

To tamper (v) - to make changes to something that you should not, usually without enough knowledge of how it works or when you are trying to damage it

I could see immediately that the lock had been tampered with

suppression (n) -the act of preventing something from being seen or expressed or from operating

The suppression of free speech

electorate (n) - all the people who are allowed to vote

The electorate chose Barack Obama as the next President of the USA

surge (n) - a sudden and great increase

There has been a surge in house prices recently

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On today’s episode, we will look at the spookiest holiday in the western world. What are the origins of Halloween? Why do we dress up in costumes, carve pumpkins, and trick or treat? All of these questions, and more, will be discussed on this episode of Thinking in English!

FULL TRANSCRIPT HERE: https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/10/30/14-what-is-halloween/

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VOCABULARY LIST

Clad (adj) - (of people) dressed, or (of things) covered

A strange figure appeared in the doorway, clad in white

Garment (n) - a piece of clothing

He’s fussy about how his garments fit

To sacrifice (v) - to kill an animal or person and offer them to a god or gods

They sacrificed a sheep to their god

Sacrifice (n) - the animal or thing that is offered/sacrificed

The people offered a sheep as a sacrifice

To dress up (phrasal v) - to put on special clothes in order to change your appearance

He dressed up as a cowboy for the party

To celebrate (v) - to take part in special enjoyable activities in order to show that a particular occasion is important

We always celebrate our wedding anniversary by going out to dinner

Bonfire (n) - a large fire that is made outside to burn unwanted things, or for pleasure

We built a bonfire on the beach

To land (v) - to arrive on land from the sea or air

We should land at Paris Airport in 15 minutes

Roots (plural n) - origins

This city can trace its roots back to roman times

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

When is Halloween?

31st October

Which ancient festival was the origin of Halloween?

Samhain

How much do Americans spend on Halloween annually?

$6billion

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TRANSCRIPT AVAILABLE HERE! https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/10/27/13-local-citizenship/

On today’s episode, we will discuss the idea of Local citizenship! When national governments can’t, or don’t want to, deal with immigrant populations, it falls to local governments and decision makers to make proactive policies!

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VOCABULARY

To be concentrated (passive v) - to bring or come together in a large number or amount in one particular area

Most of the country’s population is concentrated in the north

To delegate (v) - to give a particular job, duty, right, etc. to someone else so that they do it for you

As a boss you have to delegate responsibilities to your staff

To devolve (v) - to cause power or responsibility to be given to other people

To be a good manager, you must know how to devolve responsibility downwards

vague (adj) - not clearly expressed, known, described, or decided

I do have a vague memory of meeting her many years ago

Decision-maker (n) - a person who decides things, especially at a high level in an organisation

She faces long hours and extreme pressure in her position as the top decision-maker in the company

Proactive (adj) - taking action by causing change and not only reacting to change when it happens

Companies are going to have to be more proactive about environmental management

fortunate (adj) - lucky

You’re very fortunate to have found such a nice house

supplementary (adj) - added to something else in order to improve it or complete it

Teachers often create supplementary materials for their classes

To contradict (v) - to say the opposite of what someone else has said, or to be so different from another fact or statement that one of them must be wrong

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

Q. What are some of the social and economic problems caused by ignoring immigrant issues?

A.Poverty, dissatisfaction, racism, and crime are just a few

Q. Where did I used to live?

A.Japan

Q. True or false? Former Prime Minister Shizo Abe said “Japan is an immigrant country”

A.False

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FULL TRANSCRIPT - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/10/25/12-even-more-us-political-vocabulary-english-vocabulary-lesson/

On today’s episode, we will continue our series of episodes focusing on vocabulary to help you understand the US election! With less than two weeks left, there is no better time to learn some new political words!

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VOCABULARY

To compromise (v) - to accept that you will reduce your demands or change your opinion in order to reach an agreement with someone

Well, you want $400 and i say $300, so lets compromise on $350

Psychological (adj) - relating to the human mind and feelings

We are concerned with the physical and psychological well-being of our employees

uncompromisingly (adv) - in a way that is fixed and not changing, even when this may cause difficulties

She was uncompromisingly hostile to him

To drift (v) - to move slowly, especially as a result of outside forces, with no control over direction

No one notices that the boat had begun to drift out to sea

irrelevant (adj) - not related to what is being discussed or considered and therefore not important

These documents are largely irrelevant to the present investigation

To bear (v) - to have or continue to have something

The stone plaque bearing his name was smashed to pieces

interpretation (n) - an explanation or opinion of what something means

The rules are vague and open to interpretation

To opt (v) - to make a choice, especially of one thing or possibly instead of others

Mike opted for early retirement

To funnel (v) - to send something directly and intentionally

No one knows who has been funneling weapons to the rebels

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TRANSCRIPT AVAILABLE HERE!! https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/10/23/11-tea-over-sea-and-cha-over-land-the-history-of-tea-colonialism-and-globalisation/

On today’s episode, we will look at the history of word tea. With few exceptions, there are only 2 words for tea around the world. How did this happen? How is it connected to globalisation and colonialism?

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Vocabulary List

beverage (n) - a drink of any type.

Hot beverages include tea, coffee, and hot chocolate

puzzling (adj) - difficult to explain or understand

Interstellar is a rather puzzling film

Colonialism (n) - control by one country over another and its economy, or support for such control

The impact of colonialism is still felt throughout Africa

Globalisation (n) - the development of closer economic, cultural, and political relations among all the countries of the world as a result of travel and communication becoming easy

Optimists say globalisation means more cultural choices for everyone

Dialect (n) - a form of language that people speak in a particular part of a country, containing some different words and grammar

The poem is written in a northern dialect

Coastal (adj) - positioned on, or relating to the coast

In the UK, coastal towns are very busy in summer

Approximately (adv) - close to a particular number or time although not exactly that number or time

The job will take approximately three weeks, and cost approximately £1,000

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

Q. What is the name of the ancient trade route between China and the Middle East?

A.The Silk Road

Q. What country spread the word tea around the world?

A.The Netherlands (Dutch people)

Q.Where did Portugal trade from in Asia?

A. Macao

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TRANSCRIPT AVAILABLE HERE - https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/10/21/10-giant-cat-unearthed-in-the-peruvian-desert/

On today’s episode, we will look at the new discovery of a giant cat carved into the hills of Peru. The Nazca lines are one of the most impressive and mysterious ancient sites, with an unknown history and complicated design!

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VOCABULARY LIST

To unearth (v) - to discover something in the ground

Building at the site was halted after human remains were unearthed earlier this month

To depict (v) - to represent or show something in a picture or story

The cave paintings depict a variety of human, bird and mythological figures and patterns

To etch (v) - to cut a pattern, picture, etc., in a surface

Rory ordered a baseball bat with his own name etched in the wood

Feline (n) - a member of the cat family

A wildlife park with tigers and various other felines

Erosion (n) - the fact of soil, stone, etc. being gradually damaged and removed by the waves, rain, or wind

Coastal erosion caused the cliff to collapse

fertile (adj) - fertile land can produce large number of good quality crops

In order to turn the deserts into fertile and productive land, engineers built a 800-mile canal

speculation (n) - the activity of guessing possible answers to a question without having enough information to be certain

News of the president’s illness fuelled speculation that an election will be held later in the year

Ritual (n) - a set of fixed actions and sometimes words performed regularly, especially as part of a ceremony

Coffee and the newspaper are part of my morning ritual

Comprehension Question

Q. Where are the Nazca lines located?

A. Peru

Q. How long is the cat etched into the hill?

A. 37m or 120 ft

Q. In 2014, which organisation activists smudged the surface of a Nazca Line during a demonstration calling for action on climate change?

A. Greenpeace

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FULL TRANSCRIPT: https://thinkinginenglish.blog/2020/10/18/more-vocabulary-for-the-us-presidential-election/

Today’s episode is the second in a short series focusing on vocabulary to help you understand the US presidential election. If you haven’t already, please listen to episode 6, titled Vocabulary for the US Presidential Election

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VOCABULARY LIST

Nuance (n) - a slight difference in appearance, meaning, sound etc

Linguists explore the nuances of language

Candidate (n) - a person who is competing to get a job or elected position

There are three candidates standing in the election

Weakness (n) - a particular part or quality of someone or something that is not good or effective

His main weakness as a worker is his inability to follow orders

veteran (adj) - having been involved in a particular activity for a long time

She is a veteran campaigner for human rights

office (n) - a position of authority and responsibility in a government or other organisation

The new President takes office on January 20th

To nominate (v) - to officially suggest someone for an election, job, position, or honour

He has been nominated by the Green party as their candidate in the next election

To allocate (v) - to decide officially that something should be given to a particular person

The primary election allocated all the delegates to Donald Trump

Ballot (n) - a system of secret voting

Representatives were elected by ballot

Obligated (adj) - morally or legally forced to do something

I felt obligated to speak up and defend my friend’s reputation

Battleground (n) - a place where an argument or competition is happening

Pennsylvania and Ohio are key battlegrounds in this year’s election

Comprehension Questions

Q. Joe Biden was a Senator in which state?

A. Delaware

Q. How many electoral college votes does a Presidential candidate need to win?

A. 270

Q. True or False? If i vote for a Republican President and a Republican Senator, i am split ticket voting

A. False

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FULL TRANSCRIPT AVAILABLE!!!: https://thinkinginenglish741418158.wordpress.com/2020/10/16/8-multiculturalism-a-solution-to-the-problems-of-diversity/

On today’s episode, we will discuss some ways different countries try to deal with immigrants. Some countries try to exclude immigrants from society, while others try to assimilate them. But could Multiculturalism be a better alternative?

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VOCABULARY LIST

Society (n) - the people who live in a particular country or area and their way of life and customs:

We live in a multicultural society

Desirable (adj) - worth having and wanted by most people

Medicine is regarded as a highly desirable career

Immigrant (n) - a person who has come to a different country in order to live there permanently

The USA has a large immigrant population

exclusionary (adj) - causing someone or something not to be allowed to take part in an activity or to enter a place:

The police set up an exclusionary zone around the crime scene

assimilation (n) - causing, or making, someone become part of a group, country, society etc

The assimilation of immigrants into American culture has been a constant feature of US history.

multicultural (adj) - relating to or including people from different cultures:

This company has a multicultural workforce

To Regulate (v) - to control something, especially by making it work in a particular way:

You can regulate the temperature in the house by adjusting the thermostat.

Discrimination (n) - treating a person or particular group of people differently, especially in a worse way from the way in which you treat other people, because of their skin colour, sex, sexuality, etc

The law has done little to prevent racial discrimination and inequality

Identity (n) - who a person is, or the qualities of a person or group that make them different from others:

I think my job gives me a sense of identity

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TODAY'S TRANSCRIPT: https://thinkinginenglish741418158.wordpress.com/2020/10/14/7-what-is-in-subways-bread/

On today’s episode, we will discuss the recent news that a court in Ireland has decided Subway’s bread is not bread, as well as looking at some of the implications

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VOCABULARY LIST

To scan (v) - to look through a text quickly in order to find a piece of information that you want or to get a general idea of what the text contains

Scan the newspaper article quickly and make a note of the main points.

intriguing (adj) - very interesting because of being unusual or mysterious

She has a very intriguing personality

customisable (adj) - used to describe something that you can change according to a customer's or user's particular needs:

We offer customizable ringtones for your phone.

accustomed (adj) - familiar with something:

She quickly became accustomed to his messy ways

savoury (adj) - Savoury food is salty or spicy and not sweet in taste:

Pie can be sweet or savoury

To rule (v) - to decide officially

The government has ruled that the refugees must be deported.

provision (n) - a statement within an agreement or a law that a particular thing must happen or be done

We have inserted certain provisions into the treaty to safeguard foreign workers

common sense (n ) - good sense and sound judgement in practical matters

Windsurfing is perfectly safe as long as you have/use some common sense

Comprehension Questions

Q. What percentage of Subway bread is Sugar?

A. 10%

Q. What country’s supreme court ruled on this decision?

A. Ireland

Q. What does VAT mean?

A. Value Added Tax

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On today’s episode we will begin a series of episodes, which will run probably for the next three weeks, and will focus on the key vocabulary you need to understand the US election.

Transcript - https://thinkinginenglish741418158.wordpress.com/2020/10/11/6-vocabulary-for-the-us-presidential-election/

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VOCABULARY LESSON

To elect (v) - to decide on or choose, especially to choose a person for a particular job, by voting

The President is elected for a four-year term of office.

Requirement (n) - something that you must do, or something you need

A good degree is requirement for many jobs

Legislation (n) - a law or set of laws that is being created:

New legislation offers a tax break for young families.

To Veto (v) - to refuse to allow something

My boss vetoed my taking any more time off this year.

Assume (v) - to take or begin to have responsibility or control

The new president assumes office at midnight tonight.

To incapacitate (v) - to make someone unable to work or do things normally, or unable to do what they intended to do:

The accident left me incapacitated for seven months.

Suspicious (adj) - making you feel that something illegal is happening or that something is wrong:

Her behaviour was very suspicious

Characterisation (n) - a description of the most typical or important characteristics of someone or something:

I don’t agree with your characterization of my hometown as a boring place to live.

To emphasise (v) - to show that something is very important or worth giving attention to:

I'd just like to emphasize how important it is for people to learn foreign languages.

Federal (n) - relating to the central government, and not to the government of a region, of some countries such as the US

the federal government

COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS

Q. Who is Joe Biden’s running mate?

A. Kamala Harris

Q. What are the only three requirements to become US president?

A. To be 35 years of age, a natural born US citizen, and lived in the USA for at least 14 years

Q. How many members does the House of Representatives have?

A. 435

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FULL TRANSCRIPT AVAILABLE HERE -- https://thinkinginenglish741418158.wordpress.com/2020/10/09/what-does-it-mean-to-be-a-citizen/

On today’s episode, we will discuss citizenship. What does it mean to be a citizen, how do you become a citizen, and what is the future of citizenship?

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Vocabulary List

Citizenship (n) - the state of being a member of a particular country and having rights because of it:

He was granted Canadian citizenship.

Universal (adj) - Existing everywhere or involving everyone

Music is often thought of as a universal language

allegiance (n) - Loyalty or support for a ruler, country, group, or belief

Soldiers have to swear allegiance to the King

inclusion (n) - the act of including someone or something in a group

She is being considered for inclusion in the Olympic team

exclusion (n) -the act of not allowing someone or something to take part in an activity or join a group

Her exclusion from the list of Oscar nominees was shocking

To naturalise (v) - to make someone a legal citizen of a country they were not born in

He is a naturalised US citizen mutually

exclusive (adj) - to things that cannot happen together, or incompatible

Flexibility and productivity are not mutually exclusive

contribution (n) - something that you give or do to help produce or achieve something together with other people, or to help make something successful

All contributions, no matter how small, will be much appreciated

benefits (n) - money given by the government to people who need financial help, for example because they cannot find a job

Unemployment benefit

Comprehension Questions

Q. What is a naturalised citizen?

A. A person who becomes a citizen of a country after they are born

Q. How much does it cost to become a citizen of St Kitts and Nevis in 2020?

A. A $150,000 contribution to the country’s “Sustainable Growth Fund” and a minimum real estate investment of $200,000

Q. If your mother is from Qatar, but your father is not, are you a native Qatari citizen?

A. No, you are not.

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FULL TRANSCRIPT NOW AVAILABLE: https://thinkinginenglish741418158.wordpress.com/

On today’s episode, we will discuss the fastest people in human history, and think about what the future holds for mankind’s speed!

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Vocabulary list

Charitable (adj) - giving money, food, or help free to those who are in need

the entire organization is funded by charitable donations.

relative (adj) - If something is relative to something else, it changes according to the speed or level of the other thing:

The amount of petrol a car uses is relative to its speed.

To rocket (v) - to travel by rocket, or to rise, increase, or move very quickly

The astronauts were rocketed into space.

Mach (n) - a measurement of speed that is calculated by dividing the speed of an object, especially an aircraft, by the speed of sound

circumnavigate (v) - to travel the whole way around something

He circumnavigated the globe in 80 days

To dub (v) - to give something or someone a particular name, especially describing what you think of it, him, or her:

She was dubbed by the newspapers "the Angel of Death".

To ratify (v) - to make an agreement official:

Many countries have now ratified the UN convention on the rights of the child.

To clock (v) - to take a particular time exactly to do or complete something:

He clocked ten seconds in the 100 metres

ramp up (Phrasal V) - to increase activity or the level of something

The company announced plans to ramp up production to 10,000 units per month to meet demand.

Comprehension Questions

Q. In what position did marathon world record holder Eliud Kipchoge finish in the 2020 London marathon

A. 8th

Q. In what year did the Apollo 10 mission reach the fastest speed ever recorded in human history?

A. 1969

Q. What country did T8 come from?

A. Australia

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FULL TRANSCRIPT NOW AVAILABLE: https://thinkinginenglish741418158.wordpress.com/

On today’s episode, we will discuss the recent discovery of signs of life on the Planet Venus, talk about why it is surprising, and think about whether searching for alien life is important.

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Vocabulary List

Phosphine (n) - a gas, a mixture of hydrogen and phosphorus

Extraterrestrial (adj) - not from the planet earth

In those rocks may lie the best chance of finding extraterrestrial life

atmosphere (n) - mixture of gases around a planet

These factories are releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere

Astrobiologist (n) - a scientist studying the possibility of life in other parts of the universe

Astrobiologists believe there may be life on Saturn’s moon Titan

inhospitable (adj) - an area not suitable to live in

Nothing can live in this inhospitable environment

Scorching (adj) - very hot

it was a scorching summer day

habitability (n) - potential for life to live on a planet

They are using this telescope to determine that planets habitability

To flourish (v) - grow or develop healthily

Parts of the city continue to flourish

Desolate (adj) - empty and not attractive, with no people or nothing pleasant in it

The house stood in a bleak and desolate landscape

Comprehension Questions

Q. What gas has been discovered in the atmosphere of Venus?

A. Phosphine

Q. How hot can the surface of Venus be?

A. Up to 470 degree Celsius

Q. What country’s spacecraft is currently orbiting Venus?

A. Japan

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FULL TRANSCRIPT NOW AVAILABLE: https://thinkinginenglish741418158.wordpress.com/

On today’s episode, we will discuss the recent US presidential debate, and think about the potential alternatives for the future.

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Vocabulary List

surrogate (adj) -replacing someone else or used instead of something else

Because she had no children of her own, her friend’s son became a kind of surrogate child to her

Spectacle (n) - unusual or unexpected event or situation

It was a strange spectacle to see snow in summer

Consensus (n) - a generally accepted opinion, wide agreement

They’re trying to build a consensus on the need to improve the city’s schools

superficial (adj) - not complete and only the most obvious, not really important

I only have a superficial knowledge of French

To Squabble (verb) - to argue over something that is not important

They are still squabbling over who will get the big office

Prowess (n) - great ability or skill She is known for her sporting prowess

To outwit (v) - to get an advantage over someone by acting more cleverly

The cat outwitted the dog by climbing the tree.

To abolish (v) -to officially end an activity or custom I think bullfighting should be abolished

equitable (adj) treating everyone fairly and in the same way

We all want an equitable tax system

Comprehension Questions

Q. For What party did Abraham Lincoln serve as a surrogate debater for in the days when presidential candidates did not publicly campaign?

A. The Whig Party.

Q. Who was British PM when the post war consensus ended?

A. Margret Thatcher

Q. How many time did Trump interrupt Biden?

A. 73 times

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FULL TRANSCRIPT NOW AVAILABLE: https://thinkinginenglish741418158.wordpress.com/

On today’s episode of Thinking in English we will discuss some of the lesser known benefits of learning a foreign language.

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Vocabulary

Cognitive - of, relating to, being, or involving conscious intellectual activity (such as thinking, reasoning, or remembering)

Researchers are debating whether heading balls can dent the cognitive skills of young soccer players for life.

Longevity - a long duration of individual life, remaining popular for a long time

For longevity in car design, you really need to keep it simple.

Functionality - the quality of being useful, practical, and right for the purpose for which something was made:

In civil engineering, a major component of functionality is safety.

Multitask - to do more than one thing at a time:

There's a stereotype that women tend to multitask better than men do.

Counter-intuitive - Something that is counter-intuitive does not happen in the way you would expect it to:

Steering a sailboat is counter-intuitive - you push the tiller the opposite way to the way you want to go.

Alzheimer - a disease of the brain that mainly affects old people and results in the gradual loss of memory, speech, movement, and the ability to think clearly:

Dementia- a medical condition that affects especially old people, causing the memory and other mental abilities to gradually become worse, and leading to confused behaviour:

The most common form of dementia is Alzheimer's disease.

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Thinking in English: Recent Episodes