Norman's Medical Review Podcast: Recent Episodes
Norman McCulloch PA-C | Keith Ko PA-C
Discussing End of Rotation Topics for PA Students. In addition, cases will be presented in both a discussion and question-and-answer format to showcase a theoretical approach to patient management for providers.
ASCTS--- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/normanstudentscorner/message
COMPARTMENT SYNDROMEDERMATOMYOSITIS.--- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/normanstudentscorner/message
TYPES OF INCONTINENCEGLAUCOMA.--- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/normanstudentscorner/message
WEBER AND RINNE TEST--- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/normanstudentscorner/message
CONDUCTIVE HEARING LOSSSENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS--- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/normanstudentscorner/message
PEARL:When you read the cardiac question, the first thing to do is to see if the patient is stable or unstable.Hemodynamically unstable patientswould have chest pain , shortness ofbreath, hypotension and confusion--- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/normanstudentscorner/message
Bradycardia,
AV blocks,
PSVT
A FLUTTER
A FIB
MAT
SINUS TACHYCARDIA
WPW
V FIB
PULSELESS V TACH
TORSADES
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40 questions--- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/normanstudentscorner/message
20 questions--- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/normanstudentscorner/message
20 questions.--- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/normanstudentscorner/message
This covers 20 questions--- Send in a voice message: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/normanstudentscorner/message
PrerenalIntrarenal Postrenal --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
RTA type 1--distal, hypokalemiaRTA type 2--proximal, hypokalemiaRTA type 4--hypoaldosteronism, hyperkalemiaVoltage dependent RTA, hyperkalemia--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Know very well.
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Know very well.
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Know very well
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Know very well.
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Know very well.
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Things to know
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Things you should know.
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Pre renal-decreased perfusion
Intrarenal-damage to the tubular cells
Postrenal-obstruction of the ureters , bladder or urethra.
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Remember fever is not associated with lower UTIs
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Casts are clump of material or cells
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HematuriaProteinuriaDecrease GFRIncreased BUN https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/subscribe--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Normal liver tissue is replaced by fibrous tissue https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/subscribe--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
ProteinuriaHypoalbuminemiaHyperlipidemiaEdema. https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/subscribe--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
PODCAST UPDATE
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HARD WORK WILL PAY OFF--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
REVIEW TOPICS--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
The signs of multiple myeloma can be remembered using the mnemonic CRAB for Calcium (hypercalcemia), Renal failure, Anemia, and Bone lesions (lytic)•--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Staging of sarcoidosis (on CXR) a. Stage I: bilateral hilar adenopathy without parenchymal infiltrates (highest rate of remission). Stage II: hilar adenopathy with parenchymal infiltratesc. Stage III: diffuse parenchymal infiltrates without hilar adenopathy (least favorable prognosis)d. Stage IV: pulmonary fibrosis with honeycombing and fibrocystic parenchymal changesTreatment . Most cases resolve or significantly improve spontaneously in 2 years and do not require treatment. b. Systemic corticosteroids are the treatment of choice. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Know the side effects very well.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Induration ≥5 mm: Patients with HIV infectionrecent close contact to person with known active tuberculosis (TB), patients with chest x-ray consistent with prior TB,patients with organ transplants and other immunosuppressed patients (receiving the equivalent of prednisone ≥15 mg/day for ≥1 month or those taking TNF-α antagonists).Induration ≥10 mm: Patients with clinical conditions that increase risk of TB infection,people born in countries where TB disease is common,IV drug users, residents and employees of high-risk congregate settings,Mycobacte-riologylaboratory workers,people <90% of ideal body weight,children <5 years of age, or infants, children, and adolescents exposed to adults at high riskInduration ≥15 mm: Patients who do not meet any of the above criteria (no risk factors for TB)--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
For a positive TB exposure and a positive PPD test (but no active disease), treatment is INH only. • If the patient has active TB, multiagent therapy is indicated.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Patients with active TB must be isolated until sputum is negative for AFB. a. First-line therapy is a four-drug regimen: isoniazid (INH), rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol or streptomycin. b. The initial treatment regimen consists of 2 months of treatment with the four drug regimen. After this initial 2-month phase, a phase of 4 months is recommended using INH and rifampin. 2. Prophylactic treatment for latent (primary) TB (i.e., positive PPD skin test): consists of 9 months of INH after active TB has been excluded (negative CXR, sputum, or both).--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
There are two major types of tests for identification of TB infection: the tuberculin skin test (TST) and the interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) blood test. (IGRA does not give false-positive results because of prior BCG vaccination. IGRA test results are available within 24 hours at the earliestThe TST can give false-positive . This may be due to nontuberculous mycobacteria infection and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination.The TST consists of intradermal injection of tuberculin material, which stimulates a delayed-type hypersensitivity response mediated by T lymphocytes and, in patients with prior mycobacterial exposure, causes induration at the injection site within 48 to 72 hours.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Tuberculosis infection is the newer term for latent TB (TBI; newer term for latent tuberculosis)Tuberculosis disease is the newer term for active TB (newer term for active tuberculosis)Primary TB is a term that describes new TB infection or active disease in a previously naïve hostTreatment of TBI before the development of TB disease kills the organisms, thereby reducing the risk of developing TB disease (termed reactivation TB) by as much as 90 percent--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Clinical featuresSymptoms• Insidious onset—headache, sore throat, fatigue, myalgias• Dry cough (no sputum production)• Fevers (chills are uncommon)Signs normal pulse in the setting of high fever is suggestive of atypical CAP--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Acute bronchitisThis should be suspected in patients with an acute onset but persistent cough lasting one to three weeks who do not have clinical findings suggestive of pneumonia.If nasal discharge, sore throat, or ear pain are present, upper respiratory infection is likely.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Community acquire pneumonia is pneumonia occurring outside of the hospital or occurring within 72 hours of admission to the hospital.The most common organism is streptococcus pneumoniae also called pneumococcus. Other organisms include haemophilus influenza, legionella species, staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella.Nosocomial pneumonia is pneumonia acquired after 72 hours of admission. There are two types. That which is ventilator related and non-ventilator related. They are termed , HAP and VAP.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Gram-positive cocci—ampicillin or amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin/ sulbactam, or vancomycin for S. aureus. •Anaerobes—clindamycin or metronidazole.Gram-negative organisms are suspected, add a fluoroquinolone or ceftazidime.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
•Bronchophony is normal if the sound of 99 is muffled and indistinct when repeated by the patient during auscultation.•If there is consolidation in the lungs the sound of 99 will be very clear.•Ego-phony is normal if the pronunciation of the letter “e” is muffled. However if the pronunciation of “e” sounds like “a” then there is consolidation in the lungs•Whispered pecto-ri-lo-quy is the whispering of 1-2-3 by the patient during auscultation. If the lungs are normal , the sound will be heard faintly. If there is consolidation in the lungs the whisper will be heard loudly--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
•A person’s blood type is determined by the antigen on the surface of the RBC•. There are four major ABO blood groups determined by the presence or absence of two red cell antigens (A and B).•People who have neither A nor B antigens are classified as having type O blood.•Those with A antigens are classified as having type A blood;•those with B antigens, as having type B blood;•and those with A and B antigens, as having type AB blood•. The ABO blood groups are genetically determined.• In the United States, types O and A are the most common.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Inherited bleeding disorders.1. von Willebrand—deficiency or defect in vWF2 HEMOPHILIA A—factor 8 deficiency,. Its an X-linked recessive disorder that primarily affect only males.3. HEMOPHILIA B---factor 9 deficiency--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
•Thrombocytopenia may be due to:•1. drugs such as aspirin,and atorvastatin,•2. heparin . Ten percent of people treated with heparin develop a mild, transient thrombocytopenia within 2 to 5 days of starting the drug.•3. Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.•4. immune thrombocytopenic purpura.-Primary ITP is an autoimmune disease in which platelets are directly destroyed or their formation inhibited by the immune system.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Bleeding because of platelet disorders reflects:A decrease in platelet number because of decreased production,Increased PLATELET destruction, orImpaired function of platelets.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
There are 5 types of white blood cells.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
THE RATE AT WHICH THE RBCs FALL TO THE BOTTOM OF THE TUBE IS ACCELERATED IN THE PRESENCE OF FIBRINOGEN. FIBRINOGEN IS USUALLY INCREASED DURING INFLAMMATORY DISEASE.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
•Primary polycythemia — Primary polycythemia is caused by a mutation in RBC progenitor cells that results in increased RBC mass.•Secondary polycythemia — Secondary polycythemia refers to an increase of RBC mass caused by elevated serum EPO. Most often, this is due to an appropriate physiologic response to tissue hypoxia.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
When there is severe bleeding regardless of the cause the clotting factors V and V111 , fibrinogen and platelets migrate to the site to form a plug . Most time these clotting factors are fully consumed with subsequent clot formation. As a result of these clot formation plasmin is released. Plasmin is designed to breakdown fibrinogen and prevent clots. As a result of fibrinogen being broken down by plasmin, platelet aggregation is inhibited, fibrin polymerization is inhibited and thrombin is inhibited. This leads to uncontrolled bleeding. So DIC starts with bleeding, consumption of clotting factors, micro clot formation, the release of plasmin and finally the inhibition of platelets, fibrin and thrombin with full blown hemorrhage as the end result.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Impaired Platelet Function.Impaired function of platelets may be hereditary or acquired.The two most common inherited disorders of bleeding are ;1.Von Willebrand disease ( v.WF defect)2.Hemophilia A ( factor V111 deficiency) and B ( factor IX deficiency)●Von Willebrand Disease.Von Willebrand factor is synthesized by the endothelium and megakaryocytes and is required for the adhesion of platelets to the walls of damaged blood vessels. If platelets cannot adhere to the site of bleeding and create a plug then bleeding will continue.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
1.This is a reduction in platelet number below 150,000/micro liter2.Thrombocytopenia may be due to bone marrow dysfunction from radiation and chemotherapy.3.Thrombocytopenia may be due to increase pooling of platelets in the spleen4.Thrombocytopenia may be due to antibodies against platelets that facilitate destruction. These antibodies attack the glycoprotein 11b/111a receptors on the surface of the platelets.5.Thrombocytopenia may be due to some drugs like aspirin and atorvastatin.6.Thrombocytopenia may be due to heparin.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Thrombocytopenia may be due to immune thrombocytopenic purpura( ITP). In this condition antibodies bind to platelets and cause excess destruction. This is an autoimmune disease. Itscalled primary ITP. This affect both genders and all ages. The platelet–antibody complex that is formed exposed the platelets to phagocytosis in the spleen.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
This condition is caused by uncontrolled platelet aggregation which is responsible for generalized vascular occlusion and organ failure--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Bleeding Relating To Platelets May Be Due To:1. Decrease in platelet production2. Increase in platelet destruction3. Impaired platelet function--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Lymph node biopsy has to demonstrate the presence of Reed–Sternberg cells in order to make the diagnosis
•Presence of inflammatory cell infiltrates—This distinguishes Hodgkin lymphoma from non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). The inflammatory cells present are reactive to the Reed–Sternberg cells. These include plasma cells, eosinophils, fibroblasts, and T and B lymphocytes.
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•Non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) are a group of malignant tumors derived from•B cell progenitors,•T cell progenitors,•mature B cells,•mature T cells,•or (rarely) natural killer cells.•NHL is seen in patients of all ages, races, and socioeconomic status.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
- ALL--most common in children, response best to treatment2.AML3. CLL4. CML--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
The vaccine is given in 4 doses. --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/messageSupport this podcast: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/support
Sole and feet are spared.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/messageSupport this podcast: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/support
Mumps affect both children and adults--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/messageSupport this podcast: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/support
Hands and feet are involved--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/messageSupport this podcast: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/support
Know the presentation of group A strep.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/messageSupport this podcast: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/support
Direct mucosal injury--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/messageSupport this podcast: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/support
Esophageal disorders may be mechanical or motility.Mechanical-solid food primarily.Motility-both solid and liquid affected--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/messageSupport this podcast: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/support
There is no significant loss of fluidUsually with bloody diarrhea--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/messageSupport this podcast: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/support
Rose spot macular rash on the abdomen.Common in areas with poor sanitation--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/messageSupport this podcast: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/support
Grayish and white exudate are clinically significant--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/messageSupport this podcast: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/support
Gonorrhea and chlamydia walk togetherRemember think pharyngitis when considering gonorrhea.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
•Campylobacter jejuni is an important cause of diarrhea and Dairy cattle and poultry are an important reservoir for campylobacters--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
There is no blood, no pus and no odor to the stoolCommonly found in areas where there is poor sanitation--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Chlamydia trachomatisChlamydia psittaciChlamydia pneumoniae--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Food BotulismInfant BotulismWound Botulism--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Treatment will eradicate streptococcal infection --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Post infection calcification in the spleen and lungs.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Rarely found in healthy person--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Oral candidiasisEsophageal candidiasisVulvovaginal candidiasisCutaneous candidiasis--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
It does not cause neurologic deficits.
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B12 is found in meat and fish but not in vegetables.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
The Hallmark is pancytopenia.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Elevated LDHElevated potassiumElevated bilirubinLow haptoglobinPink and brown serumDark urine.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Remember every child bearing female with abdominal mpain is pregnant until proven otherwiseEvery pregnant female with vaginal bleed has an ectopic until proven otherwise.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Low TIBC High TIBCSaturated TIBC.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Ringed sideroblast--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
What is the most common Thalassemia anemiaWhich Thalassemia requires frequent blood transfusion--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
The most common causeHow does it presentHow is it diagnosedHow is it treated.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Define Stable angina
Define Unstable angina
Define NSTEMI
Define STEMI
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When should be transfusion be given--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
What is the first thing to do in evaluating a person with low H/H--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Reticulocyte indices, less than 2% or more than 2%--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
CauseStagesDiagnosisTreatment--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Giving a dermatological description of these common skin conditions in the ER--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Aggressive weight lifting can have bad outcome--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Types of pneumothoraxClinical presentationTreatment--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Every emergency department provider should be familiar with EMTALA--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Arrogance is the gateway to a law suit --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Develop quick thinking--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Understanding chest trauma--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Distinguish between signs and symptomsKnow the presentation of community acquired pneumoniaRemember common things occur commonlyCommon symptoms of TBAssociate pseudomonas with in-patients and nursing homesAssociate legionella with organ transplant --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
CPR should not be performed if there is a pulse.
Perform 100-120 compressions per minute
30 compressions to 2 breaths regardless of one or two rescuers
30 compressions to 2 breaths is only for adults
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Always think about this in patients with headache, neurologic deficits and normal head CT, especially if they have risk factors.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Master the neurologic examination--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Distinguish between upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron dysfunction--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Strength and sensation--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Knowing the cranial nerves.--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Breakdown of the mini mental status exam --- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
This scale should be understood by all medical providers.It was designed in 1974.It was designed by Professor Graham Teasdale and Professor Bryan J. Jennett--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Treat the patients the way you want to be treated--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Lean the facts instead of guess the facts--- Send in a voice message: https://anchor.fm/normanstudentscorner/message
Questions ---stable angina, unstable angina, BI-PAP, nitroglycerine, lasix, cardiac chest pain and MSK pain. aortic dissection
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Definition of Prinzmetal Angina.
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The definition of stable angina.
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Definition of unstable angina
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Always have a high index of suspicion when evaluating blunt trauma to the abdomen.
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Topics Covered: Thiazide diuretics, Potassium-sparing diuretics, Proteinuria, Specific gravity, Autosomal polycystic kidney disease, Kidney stone, UTI, AKI, Neuro-effects ,Bladder Cancer
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Topics Covered: Types of incontinence, Etiology of incontinence, Treatment
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Topics Covered: GFR,Urine, ADH, NSAIDs, pH, Renin,Angiotensinogen,Aldosterone,Erythropoietin,Vitamin D, Diuretics
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Supplemental Questions for the MVA patient.
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Bicarbonate, Phosphate, Ammonia and their effects on the pH
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NSAIDs and the kidneys
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The formation of urine
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Structures mentioned: Cortex, medulla, pyramid, column, lobe, papilla, and renal pelvis
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Anatomy of the nephron
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Topics Covered
Presentation, History, Symptoms, Pathophysiology, Debakey Classification, Stanford Classification, Treatment
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Trivia is designed to develop quick thinking while making learning pleasurable
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Topics Covered: B12 deficiency and G6PD deficiency anemia
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Topics Reviewed: Microcytic Anemia
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We Learn how to evaluate the Anemic patient in this episode.
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Anemia.
Serum iron, TIBC, Serum Ferritin, Direct Coombs test, Indirect Coombs test , Signs /symptoms of Anemia.
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Topcis covered: 1st step of anemia conditions, the reticulocyte count and determining what possible conditions the patient may have according to the reticulocyte count.
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Topics covered in this episode: MENtype 1, Hyperaldosteronism, Adrenal insufficiency, Anion gap, Hypoglycemia, C-peptide, HHNS, DKA, DM, Cushing disease/syndrome, Hot /Cold nodules, PTH, Adrenal tumor, SIADH
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Review Questions focusing on Asthma and COPD.
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Topics covered in this episode: Graves disease, Plummer disease, Toxic thyroid adenoma, Subacute acute thyroiditis, TSH, Iodine, Thyroid storm, Hashimoto disease, thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma
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Topics Covered in this Episode: Classification and treatment of Asthma
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Topics Covered in this Episode: Ortolani test, Barlow test, Legg Calves Perthes disease, Septic hip, Hip dislocation
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This episode contains the following topics:
UTI, Urine culture, Chlamydia, Bactrim DS, Fluoroquinolones, Pyelonephritis, Abdominal cat scan, Ketorolac
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Topics covered in this episode:
Presentation
Key Physical Findings
Memphis Criteria
Diagnostic Labs/Tests/Imaging
Etiologies
Treatment
Cervical Anatomy
Complications
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Carcinoid tumor, Adenocarcinoma, Superior Vena Cava syndrome, Horner syndrome, Recurrent laryngeal nerve, Metastatic lung cancer, Transudative Effusion, Exudative Effusion
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Topics Covered in this episode: Ectopic ACTH producing tumor, Oat cell tumor, Adrenal tumor, Pheochromocytoma
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Topics Covered in this episode: Hemoptysis, Pneumothorax, Flail chest, Cardiac tamponade, Evaluating adequate circulation and Determining systolic blood pressure by pulse.
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Topics Reviewed in this episode: COPD, Chronic Bronchitis, Emphysema, Asthma, Bronchiectasis and Cystic Fibrosis
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Topics Covered in this episode:
Gastrin, HCL, Histamine, Somatostatin, Secretin
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Topics Covered in this episode:
GERD
Barium swallow
Manometry
Schatzki ring
Eosinophilic esophagitis
PPI
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Topics covered in this podcast:
Endoscopic follow up exam
Esophageal carcinoma
Zenker diverticulum
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Topics covered in this podcast:
pH monitoring
Infectious esophagitis
GERD
Barrett esophagus
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Topics covered in this podcast:
Manometry
Achalasia
Esophageal spasm
Esophagitis
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Topics Covered:
Odynophagia
Oropharyngeal dysphagia
GERD
Achalasia
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10 Review Questions covering the following topics:
Oropharyngeal Dysphagia
Esophageal Dysphagia
pH monitoring
Upper Endoscopy
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Topics Covered in this Episode
Presentation of Ovarian Torsion
Diagnosis of Ovarian Torsion
Treatment of Ovarian Torsion
Potential Pitfalls
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Ear, Nose and Throat Review Questions
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Orthopedics Review Questions Batch#2
Topics Reviewed: Compartment syndrome, Colles fracture, Lachman test, Anterior drawer test, Anterior Cruciate ligament, Meniscus and Apley test
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Orthopedics 10 Review Questions
Topics reviewed: Achilles tendon rupture, Jones fracture, Stress fracture, Plantar Fasciitis, Heel fracture, Claudication and Compartment syndrome
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What is bronchiectasis?
What is methemoglobinemia?
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Topics Gone Over in this Episode:
-Presentation of Acute Pancreatitis
-Common Etiologies of Acute Pancreatitis
-Pancreatic Complications
-Treatment for Acute Pancreatitis
-What does a patient with acute pancreatitis that also presents with a cough represent?
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Review Questions for the Pediatrics EOR Batch #6
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Review Questions for the Surgery EOR Batch #6
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Review Questions for the Pediatrics EOR Batch #5
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Review Questions for the Internal Medicine EOR Batch #6
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Review Questions for the Ob/Gyn EOR Batch #6 Please note you can always pause the podcast and ponder your answer for a few seconds before listening to the answer! Follow us on Spotify, Anchor, Apple Podcasts, and Google Podcasts Instagram: @studywithnorman @keiththepa
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Review Questions for the Ob/Gyn EOR Batch #5
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Review Questions for the Internal Medicine EOR Batch #5
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Thanks for your support everyone! We appreciate all the help you can give to help grow this podcast! Share to your family,friends,classmates! Share on social media platforms! We will see you in the next episode of Norman's Student Corner!
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Review Questions for the Surgery EOR Batch # 5- With Heavy Emphasis on Electrolyte Imbalances this time!
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Review Questions for the Ob/Gyn EOR Batch #4
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Review Questions for the Internal Medicine EOR Batch #4
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Some questions gone over in this episode
What is neuropraxia?
Where does the sciatic nerve start?
Where does the common peroneal nerve begin?
How is the common peroneal nerve evaluated?
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Review Questions for the Pediatrics EOR Batch #4
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Review Questions for the Pediatrics EOR Batch #3
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Review Questions for the Surgery EOR Batch # 4
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Review Questions for the Pediatrics EOR Batch # 2
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Review Questions for the Pediatrics EOR Batch # 1
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Review Questions for the Ob/Gyn EOR Batch # 3
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Review Questions for the Ob/Gyn EOR Batch # 2
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Review Questions for the OB/GYN EOR Batch # 1
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Review Questions for the Internal Medicine EOR Batch # 3
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Review Questions for the Internal Medicine EOR Batch # 2
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Review Questions for the Internal Medicine EOR Batch # 1
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EOR questions and answers
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What is cholelithiasis
The types of gallstone?
How is it diagnosed?
How is it it treated?
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What is choledocholithiasis?
How is it diagnosed?
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What is cholangitis
What is the etiology of cholangitis
What is the imaging modality of choice?
Which class of organisms are associated with it?
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EOR surgical questions
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What is cholecystitis?
What is the etiology of cholecystitis?
How is cholecystitis diagnosed?
How is cholecystitis treated?
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