Food for Thought with the Morgridge Center for Public Service
The Morgridge Center connects University of Wisconsin-Madison students, staff and faculty to local and global communities to build partnerships and solve critical issues through service and learning.
The Morgridge Center was founded in 1996 with the generous support of alumni John and Tashia Morgridge. In the spirit of the Wisconsin Idea, we believe in building reciprocal relationships with our partners and strong citizens among our student population.
In this episode, we talk with Dr. Monique M. Chism, the under secretary for education at the world's largest museum, education, and research complex, the Smithsonian
Dr. Chism is responsible for establishing the Institution’s educational priorities. She oversees the Smithsonian’s collective initiatives, communication strategies and funding for programs with the goal of bringing the Smithsonian into every classroom in America.
Her interdisciplinary training in history, sociology and education provides her with a unique perspective that focuses on the intersections of ideas, theories and approaches to support collaboration.
Chism’s experience as a former teacher, state education administrator and federal education policy maker gives her a diverse lens and a deep understanding of the education landscape.
In 2023, UW–Madison celebrated its 175 years of leadership in ground-breaking research, revolutionary social movements, and pioneering academic studies. 175 years ago, UW was officially incorporated by Wisconsin’s first governor, Nelson Dewey. In 1851, North Hall, the first UW–Madison campus building, was opened and used as a classroom facility and a men’s dormitory.
But long before UW–Madison even existed, the land that UW–Madison occupies has been a cultural center for the indigenous Ho-Chunk nation. As time has continued, the physical spaces of Madison, Wisconsin have continued to change, and UW–Madison has continued to grow and adapt to changing expectations.
Welcome to Rooted, our final episode of GridgeFridge season 4. Continue listening to learn about the history of the UW–Madison campus, value of space, and the many factors determining the physical layout of UW–Madison.
Since the grand opening of the Bakke Recreation & Wellbeing Center on April 24, 2023, the facility has been used by an average of about 4,000 students daily. In combination with the Nicholas Recreation Center, together, both gyms see about 10,000 students a day, a fifth of the student population.
In this episode, we are talking with Sadat Khan, the director of facilities and operations at Recreation Wellbeing at the UW–Madison and with this April episode, we are celebrating the one year anniversary of the Bakke Recreation & Wellbeing Center, UW–Madison’s newest gym and recreation center.
As an integral part of the design process, Sadat explains the design motivations behind the Bakke and how the design process incorporated student perspectives. Keep listening to learn how the recreation center is a chance to promote inclusivity and holistic health, and how the new facility has been received on campus.
In this episode of GridgeFridge, we bring you an Intern Extravaganza Special. GridgeFridge host, Laine Bottemiller, is joined by Morgridge Center interns Barsha Pantha, Isa Hernandez-White, and Makayla Cole to share and reflect about their personal and professional experiences at the center as graduation is around the corner.
Tune in to learn how they've grown and hone their skills over the course of the past three years and what the Morgridge Center means to them and what it could mean to you.
In this episode, we talk with Dr. Elise Ahn, the founding director of the International Projects Office and lecturer in educational policy at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Elise studies language, linguistics, and education policy. Previously, Elise has also lectured at KIMEP University in Kazakhstan.
The International Projects Office, or IPO, globalizes the Wisconsin Idea through international projects and partnerships—this can look like capacity building at Nazarbayev University in Kazakhstan or partnering with different countries through the United Nations to address COVID-19.
Beyond the work accomplished by these UW–Madison programs, internationalizing the university is a chance for valuable person-to-person connections, we find out. Keep listening to learn about mutually beneficial international relationships at UW and how learning new languages—despite being intimidating—is a chance to build connections and foster inclusion in education.
Did you know that UW–Madison has an economic impact of $30 billion dollars annually on the state of Wisconsin? In this bonus episode, we talked about how Crystal has seen UW–Madison’s impact across the state of Wisconsin and how she communicates this value to Wisconsin policymakers.
As the senior director of State Relations for the University of Wisconsin–Madison, Crystal Potts is the connecting piece between UW–Madison and the state government, balancing the interests and needs of Wisconsin legislators and policymakers with those of UW–Madison leadership, faculty and students.
Listen to learn how state funding of UW–Madison impacts the university’s competitiveness and how Crystal advocates for the university while responding to legislators’ needs.
In this episode, we talk with Dr. Travis Wright. Dr. Travis Wright has been the faculty director of the Morgridge Center for Public Service since 2022, but beyond the Morgridge Center, his life experiences have been full of public service. Growing up facing housing insecurity instability and then finding his own passion for public service, Travis has witnessed firsthand the importance of service and community engagement.
In this episode, we’re breaking the fourth wall and talking with Travis about his background, research, ideas of community engagement, and how those notions inform his work at the Morgridge Center. Join us as Travis and I discuss emotionally responsive teaching, how public service changed his life, and how community partnerships have the potential to build empathy and understanding.
In this episode, we talk with Gracey Niedzielak and Avery Simpson, the chapter president and vice president of A Moment of Magic at UW–Madison. A Moment of Magic, also known as AMOM, is a nonprofit organization that uses engaging social wellness activities to inspire children to be brave, strong, and fearless.
The organization raises awareness for families impacted by pediatric cancer, children with disabilities and other medically vulnerable and underserved populations. Members of AMOM volunteer and visit these children at hospitals, fundraisers, or their home, often dressed as the children’s favorite character.
Keep listening to learn how AMOM impacts the children and volunteers involved with the organization, and how the organization is making magic happen here at UW–Madison.
Every year, a select group of University of Wisconsin–Madison faculty and academic staff take a five-day journey across the state of Wisconsin, called the Wisconsin Idea Seminar. This episode, we're talking with Assistant Provost and Director of the Wisconsin Idea Seminar Catherine Reiland, who is responsible for designing the immersive study journey.
The Wisconsin Idea Seminar is a chance for academic staff to come together, listen and learn from communities across Wisconsin. When designing seminars, Catherine focuses on the way that communities solve problems and how people can come together in inspirational and mutually beneficial ways.
In this episode, we chat with Catherine about the value of the connection and how the program is a chance to hear from different voices across Wisconsin.
In this special episode of GridgeFridge, we dig into the topic of affordable housing in Madison. As the university’s population continues to grow, students question whether there is physically space enough for them. Others are unsure whether they can afford to come to UW-Madison at all.
Produced over four months, this narrative-style episode features voices across campus and Madison, including leaders from the Zoe Bayliss Student Housing Cooperative, housing administrators/representatives from UW–Madison and the City of Madison, and campus constituents. Listeners will learn about the efforts in motion to better understand the housing crisis and find solutions.
Those initiatives, their progress, and where affordable housing is heading in the City of Madison — we’re going to unpack it all in this special spring semester episode of GridgeFridge.
In this episode, we’re excited to welcome Emily Boettcher, Elaine West, and Maddy Willander, students who worked on a capstone project involving issues to prisoner reentry — also a Community-based Learning course. Their project centered around the organization Just Dane, a program in Dane County that works to provide resources to and advocate for individuals impacted by incarceration.
We’ll talk with these students on their experience working with Just Dane and in the academic environment surrounding the criminal justice system.
In this episode of GridgeFridge, we're chatting with Amanjot Kaur, Kayley Bell and Sarah Nehls. Throughout the spring, this group has been working with BadgersVote, League of Women Voters, Campus Vote Project, and Associated Students of Madison to activate students in the civic engagement sphere. Following one of the most funded state Supreme Court races, we're reflecting on what made this election special. We're also discussing this semester of BadgersVote's work, reasons you shouldn't be afraid to ask about voting, and the importance of the student vote.
In our second episode of the spring semester, we’re thrilled to welcome Sammy Angelina, Jenna Harb and Claudia Liverseed. Claudia and Jenna are interns for the Morgridge Center’s Student Organization Partnership Programs, called SOPP. SOPP works to connect community partners with registered student orgs to build long-term partnerships between campus and the greater Madison community.
Sammy works as a community engagement education intern, a role in which she facilitates educational workshops for students engaging with the community. In March, Claudia, Jenna and Sammy attended the IMPACT Conference, which is one of the nation’s largest annual conferences focused on civic engagement and community engagement on college campuses.
After taking some time to rest and rejuvenate over winter break, we are happy to be back and bring you more episodes! In our first episode of the spring semester, we are thrilled to have Emma Gleed and Molly Peden join us to talk about Achievement Connections.
Achievement Connections matches UW–Madison students with local high school students to tutor them in math while developing their overall study skills. The program is a partnership between United Way of Dane County, AmeriCorps, Madison Metropolitan School District, Middleton Cross Plains Area School District and the Morgridge Center for Public Service.
In this episode, we’ll look at what Achievement Connections does, why it focuses on math tutoring and how students can get involved to support local students’ academic success.
In this special episode of GridgeFridge, we dig into the behind-the-scenes work of the Sifting and Reckoning exhibit – the culmination of a years-long research project examining the history of discrimination and exclusion at UW–Madison.
Produced over two months, this narrative-style episode features voices across campus, including Public History Project Director Kacie Lucchini Butcher and Assistant Director Taylor Bailey. Listeners will learn about the difficult decisions and intricate research that went into uncovering stories for the Sifting and Reckoning exhibit. For years, many of these stories have remained buried in the archives and obscured in the university’s past.
In addition to exploring the exhibit’s complicated curation process, listeners will hear directly from students about what they think of the project and where the university must go from here. Through the voices of past and present Badgers, we critically examine the university’s history and look forward to how we can make campus a more inclusive and welcoming environment for all.
The Sifting and Reckoning exhibit is open at the Chazen Museum of Arts until Dec. 23, 2022. Admission to the exhibit and the rest of the museum is free.
In our third episode this season, we’re excited to welcome Dr. Barry Burden. Barry is a professor of Political Science at UW–Madison, and is the director of the Elections Research Center. His research and teaching are centered around American elections, with a focus on representation and the electoral system.
Barry also chairs the BadgersVote Coalition, which is a campus-wide initiative that strives to provide UW–Madison students with everything they need to know in order to participate in their elections.
In this episode, we’ll talk with Barry about his upbringing, research and scholarship that engages in an increasingly questioned American election system, as well as his take on young people being civically engaged.
In this episode, we’re excited to welcome Kao Lee Yang. Kao Lee is a doctoral student at UW–Madison. She researches dementia as a trainee in the Neuroscience Training Program and studies public policy through the La Follette School of Public Affairs. Kao Lee is also a Morgridge Fellow, which is a program hosted here at the Morgridge Center to expand and develop community-engaged scholarship at UW–Madison.
Furthering her community impact, Kao Lee is the founder of HmongInBioSci, a Twitter account that serves as an online forum to uplift and celebrate Hmong-identifying academics in biological sciences.
We talk with Kao Lee about her research, her experience as a Morgridge Fellow and the importance of Community-engaged Scholarship on campus and beyond.
To kick off our third season of GridgeFridge, we’re thrilled to welcome Hannah Hatlan-Atwell. Hannah has gained a lot of experience in the public service sphere in the Madison area – and now, she helps UW–Madison students navigate the public service sector as a career advisor for the School of Human Ecology (SoHE). Before coming to SoHE, Hannah worked as a coordinator for the Achievement Connections program. Achievement Connections serves over 150 students in the Madison Metropolitan School by providing math tutoring services with the help of over 100 UW–Madison students volunteers.
In this episode, we’ll explore Hannah’s work at SoHE to support students pursuing careers in public service and different opportunities on campus this fall that could be a great fit for you.
To cap off an amazing second season, we’re thrilled to welcome Shreya Bandyopadhyay, who is an Andrew Goodman Foundation Ambassador at the Morgridge Center.
Shreya is a senior majoring in political science and legal studies with a certificate in gender and women's studies. As a Vote Everywhere Ambassador, Shreya has promoted civic engagement and voting accessibility on campus for two years. Shreya also co-hosts PodCast Your Vote, which is a podcast dedicated to encouraging voter engagement and awareness. As a passionate advocate for women’s rights, Shreya also works as a digital communications intern at the Planned Parenthood Advocates of Virgina.
In this episode of GridgeFridge, we’ll chat with Shreya about her work as a student voting advocate on campus, the 2022 midterm election, and how her time at the Morgridge Center has influenced her postgraduate journey.
Today on GridgeFridge, we’re ecstatic to welcome Abby Onesti, a member of UW–Madison’s Music Therapy Association (MTA).
Abby has been a member of Music Therapy Association for three years and is currently the president. MTA’s goal is that each of its members understands what music therapy is, how it works, and to bring awareness to the music therapy profession.
In this episode of GridgeFridge, we talk with Abby about her work as a member of MTA, the impact of MTA as music therapy, and how students can get engaged with community-engaged organizations like MTA on campus.
Today on GridgeFridge, we’re ecstatic to welcome John Zumbrunnen, the Vice Provost for Teaching and Learning.
Zumbrunnen has been a faculty member of the UW-Madison Political Science Department for over a decade. Now, as the vice provost for teaching and learning, he provides leadership and support for UW–Madison’s teaching and learning mission across campus. Previously, Zumbrunnen served as faculty director of the Chadbourne Residential College and co-chaired the UW Teaching Academy. Zumbrunnen’s academic work examines the history of political thought, democratic theory and American political thought.
In this episode of GridgeFridge, we will talk with Zumbrunnen about his work in the political science department, the challenges and responsibilities of his role as the Vice Provost for Teaching and Learning, and how students can become civically engaged leaders on campus and beyond.
Today on GridgeFridge, we’re thrilled to welcome Nathan Larson and Madison Yurubi to talk about their experience in a UW Community-based Learning course.
Community-based Learning classes, also known as CBL courses, incorporate at least 25 hours of community engagement so students can get real-world experience as part of a for-credit class. Larson, who is a lecturer and senior outreach specialist at the Department of Planning and Landscape Architecture, leads a CBL course called Mindfulness and Restorative Environments.
In the course, UW students work with elementary school students to learn about what the kids would like to see in a restorative environment at their school. Restorative environments, which are constructed out of natural materials and landscapes, provide a safe place to recover from mental fatigue and stress, and can be used at schools to promote students’ well-being and personal growth.
In this episode of GridgeFridge, we’ll talk about the course with Nathan and Madison, who was a student in the class. We’ll explore their CBL course project, the results of the course’s research and what they took away from the CBL experience.
Today on GridgeFridge, we’re thrilled to welcome Gavin Luter, who is the managing director at UniverCity Alliance. UniverCity Alliance partners with cities and local municipalities, connecting them with service and research resources at UW–Madison.
Through bridge-building engagement with policy initiatives grounded in the priorities of local governments, UniverCity Alliance’s efforts improve the places and lives of people throughout Wisconsin and the world.
In this episode of GridgeFridge, we’ll chat with Gavin about his community-engaged work, cultivating partnerships across Wisconsin, and how UniverCity Alliance helps foster resilient and sustainable communities.
Today on GridgeFridge, we’re thrilled to welcome Sam Park, who is the program manager at the national nonprofit the Human Rights Campaign based out of Washington D.C.
Sam graduated from UW–Madison in 2018 with degrees in neurobiology and sociology and a certificate in global health. During his undergraduate, he worked at the Morgridge Center as a special events intern.
After working for various organizations such as Community Shares of Wisconsin, REAP Food Group and Kids Forward, Sam joined The Human Rights Campaign, which is America’s largest civil rights organization advocating for LGBTQ+ equality.
In this episode of GridgeFridge, we’ll catch up with Sam about his community-engaged work since graduation, how he equitably engages with community partners and his advice for students looking to enter the nonprofit sector.
Today on GridgeFridge, we’re thrilled to welcome Laura Livingston, the Morgridge Center’s Community-Engaged Scholarship graduate fellow.
Laura is a fourth-year PhD student in the Environment and Resources Program within the Nelson Institute of Environmental Studies. With a background as an Agricultural Adviser in Ghana in the Peace Corps, Laura has a lot of experience working in community development and agricultural education.
She supports community-engaged learning and Community-based Research across different programs at the Morgridge Center, including the Wisconsin Idea Fellowship. The Wisconsin Idea Fellowship provides funding for undergraduate student projects working toward addressing a challenge identified with a local or global community partner.
Today on GridgeFridge, we’re excited to welcome Isa Hernandez-White and Bertha Gonzalez, two of four Community-based learning interns at the Morgridge Center.
Isa is a sophomore at UW–Madison majoring in psychology and Bertha is a junior majoring in human development and family studies and psychology. As Community-based Learning interns, Isa and Bertha help facilitate Community-based learning classes, also called CBL courses.
CBL courses incorporate at least 25 hours of meaningful community engagement with course content so you can get real-world experience as part of a for-credit class.
In this episode, we’ll talk with Isa and Bertha about how CBL courses work, the benefits of CBL courses, and how students can find a CBL course that is a perfect fit for them.
Today on GridgeFridge, we’re so excited to welcome Kathy Cramer, a UW–Madison political science faculty member and former faculty director of the Morgridge Center for Public Service. She started working at UW–Madison in 2000 and served as the Morgridge Center faculty director for three years. Kathy is well-known in the academic community for her research on individuals’ perception of their place in politics. Kathy helped develop the BadgersVote Coalition, which unites individuals and departments across the city of Madison to promote civic engagement on campus.
In this episode, we’ll catch up with Kathy about her research, her achievements during her time at the Morgridge Center, and different ways students can stay civically engaged on campus.
In this episode of GridgeFridge, we’re thrilled to welcome Francesca Hong, the state assembly representative for the greater Madison area. Before she was elected to office in 2020, Hong was an entrepreneur and restaurant owner. Hong opened up her first restaurant, Morris Ramen, in 2016 near the capitol.
As Hong’s network within the culinary world grew, she went on to found a network of female chefs and other professionals in the industry called the Culinary Ladies Collective. After watching social issues she cared about become exacerbated by the pandemic, Hong decided to run for assembly in hopes to spur change.
We’ll dive into Hong’s intertwined culinary and community work, her path to public service and how students can serve their communities with the unique talents they bring to the table.
In our second episode this season, we're thrilled to welcome Associated Students of Madison (ASM) Vice-Chair Lennox Owino.
Lennox is a junior at UW–Madison studying finance and actuarial sciences. An international student from Nairobi, Kenya, Lennox is a recipient of the prestigious King-Morgridge Scholarship, which is awarded to six international students every year. Lennox became involved in ASM on campus his freshman year, working his way up from an intern to the elected vice-chair of student council.
He is also a Wisconsin Idea Fellowship recipient, through which he will launch a portable library project in his hometown Nairobi to help make literacy materials accessible to lower-income communities in the city.
Today on GridgeFridge, we'll dig into Lennox’s work to tackle issues on ASM, his endeavors to start a portable library in Nairobi and ways students can get connected to community, whether they are on campus or thousands of miles away from Madison.
To kick off the first episode of our second season, we're ecstatic to welcome the City of Madison’s Deputy Mayor Reuben Sanon. Reuben interned at the Morgridge Center as a campus outreach intern during his undergrad at UW-Madison. After graduating from UW–Madison with degrees in journalism and political science, Reuben worked in the nonprofit sector in Michigan for a few years before returning to the Morgridge Center as the Badger Volunteers Coordinator.
In 2019, he went on to work for the City of Sun Prairie as the communications and diversity coordinator before he was selected by Mayor Sayta Rhodes-Conway to be one of her deputy mayors. Today on GridgeFridge, we'll dive into Reuben’s time at the Morgridge Center, his work across Madison fostering community-based partnerships and ways students can prepare themselves to pursue careers in public service.
On this episode of GridgeFridge, we'll be speaking with Anya Piotrowski, the Morgridge Center's Badger Volunteers Coordinator. Although Anya has only been at the center for a year, she has spent the past decade engaging in community-based work across the country, including working as an AmeriCorps VISTA member.
Now as the Badger Volunteers Coordinator, she oversees the semester-long program that pairs teams of students with community organizations to volunteer one to four hours each week to foster meaningful and consistent connections between communities, partners and students.
On today's episode, we'll be welcoming F.H King. F.H King is a student organization on the UW–Madison campus committed to sustainable agriculture. Run by a student directors board, F.H. King grows and harvests produce on a two-acre organic farm in the Eagle Heights area. They run a variety of virtual and in-person programs surrounding growing and harvesting, programming, community projects and activism.
In this episode, we’ll be learning about the Perspectives Project, which was awarded a 2021-22 Wisconsin Idea Fellowships. Wisconsin Idea Fellowships (WIF) are awarded annually to UW–Madison undergraduate projects working to address issues identified by local or global communities.
Fellowships are awarded to semester-long or year-long projects designed by an undergraduate student or group of students in collaboration with a community organization and a UW faculty or staff member.
The Perspectives Project will collaborate with the National Alliance on Mental Illness of Dane County to provide a culturally sensitive mental health workshop series and social media campaign specific to Asian Americans and people of color as a mental health resource at UW–Madison. Today, we are here with Amita Doiphode, Anusha Ray Dey and Vaishnavi Gundamraj, the founders of the project.
In our final episode for the spring 2021 semester, we're ecstatic to welcome Millennial Action Project Founder Steven Olikara. Steven graduated from UW–Madison as a Truman Scholar in 2012 and went on to found Millennial Action Project — also known as MAP, for short.
MAP is the largest nonpartisan organization of young lawmakers in the US working with over 1600 elected officials in Congress and state legislatures to encourage post-partisanship and innovative policy solutions across party lines. Steven has also worked for two multi-platinum recording artists on Global Youth Empowerment and sustainable energy.
Today on GridgeFridge, we'll dive into Steven's work in public service.
In this episode, we'll be catching up with Morgridge Center intern Danielle Wendricks. Dani is a senior at UW–Madison majoring in community and nonprofit leadership and history.
In her three years at the Morgridge Center, Dani worked first as a peer advisor and now his Community-based Learning intern. In addition to being a Wisconsin Idea Fellowship recipient, Dani recently received the Ginsberg Family Award for outstanding leadership and service contributions to the University of Wisconsin and the surrounding communities.
Today on GridgeFridge, we'll discuss how the Morgridge Center interns contribute to community-engaged initiatives across campus and some of Dani's favorite parts of working at the Morgridge Center in addition to celebrating all the work she has done for the Morgridge Center over the years.
In this episode, we'll be hosting Hannah Stowell, the United Way of Dane County's corporate and community engagement program manager. She previously served as a corporate and community engagement coordinator and HealthConnect specialist at the United Way of Dane County. She has over five years of experience in community engagement and nonprofit work in the greater Madison area.
Today on GridgeFridge, we'll discuss community engagement work amid the COVID-19 pandemic, work to confront systemic barriers to community engagement and how students can volunteer to make a difference in the Dane County community.
In this episode, we'll be chatting with League of Women Voters interns Angela Maloney and Makayla Pesch. Angela is a sophomore at UW–Madison majoring in community and nonprofit leadership and international studies.
Makayla is a junior studying human development and family studies as well as social welfare.
To learn more about the April 6 election and how you can cast your ballot, check out resources available on vote.wisc.edu or myvote.wi.gov.
Today on GridgeFridge, we’ll dig into the details of the upcoming April 6 election and how students can break through barriers that contribute to historically low youth voter turnout.
Djamal Lylecyrus is a sophomore studying political science and communication arts at UW-Madison. Djamal is the founder of the Instagram account BIPOC at Wisco, which he formed in the midst of the Black Lives Matter movements spurred by the death of George Floyd. The account's goal is to share the experiences of black indigenous and people of color on the UW campus in order to increase the visibility of issues faced by BIPOC students.
Since founding the account, Djamal has become an advocate for social justice issues on campus through his work as the Wisconsin Alumni Student Board Diversity and Inclusion Chair, the media coordinator for Juliana Bennett's District Eight Alder Campaign, and as a student vote organizer for the BadgersVote Coalition for the November 2020 election. He was also recently elected to serve as an Associated Students of Madison representative for the College of Letters and Science for the 2021-2022 school year.
Today on GridgeFridge, we'll dive into Djamal's activism, key issues surrounding racial equity on campus and what students can do to create a more inclusive campus environment and culture.
On our first ever episode today we will be welcoming Lily Zander. Lily is a senior studying environmental science and Spanish at UW-Madison. In 2019, Lily and her project partner Akshat Khanna were awarded a Wisconsin Idea Fellowship grant through the Morgridge Center and an American Family Insurance Social Entrepreneurship Award.
Wisconsin Idea Fellowships better known as WIF are awarded annually to undergraduate student projects working to address issues identified with a local or global community partner.
Their WIF project proposed the creation of the Aqua Circuit Prototype. Aquaponic systems use waste produced by fish and other aquatic animals to supply nutrients for plants to grow without soil. The self-sustaining system provides nutrient-rich water as a natural fertilizer for the plants to grow. While the plant simultaneously purify the water for the fish to live in. Lily's project aims to bring this idea of aquaponics into classrooms.
The student team will examine how learning by doing promotes curiosity and improves STEAM literacy in middle school students. Ultimately, this team hopes to spark new opportunities for multi-sectoral career exploration among young students.