MedMaster by NURSING.com: Recent Episodes
Jon Haws, RN CCRN Alumnus
Brought to you by NURSING.com, based on their #1 Online Nursing Pharmacology Course . . . Visit nursing.com/50meds to get our list of the 50 most prescribed medications. YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/c/Nrsng/
The 140 MUST KNOW medications for nurses and nursing students. Each episode will discuss a commonly used medication in hospitals and ICUs that we as nurses will use each day. The #1 medication and pharmacology podcast. This is the perfect podcast for nursing students preparing for the NCLEX or practicing nurses preparing for the CCRN or other exams who want to increase their knowledge of pharmacology and pathopharm. The podcast for nurses and nursing students! Are you ready to sky rocket your nursing career to the next level? We cover test preparation (NCLEX CCRN etc), work life balance, pharmacology, theory, and more. Nursing is hard . . . learning it doesn't have to be! Jon Haws RN, the host has worked as a critical care registered nurse in a Level I Trauma hospital in Dallas, TX. Jon is the creator of NURSING.com. Visit the site and check out the books on Amazon.com We discuss current trends in the ICU, anatomy, physiology, nursing care, and much more. For full disclaimer information visit: nursing.com/about. NCLEX®, NCLEX-RN® are registered trademarks of the National Council of State Boards of Nursing, INC
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name lactulose
Trade Name Kristalose
Indication Constipation, portal-systemic encephalopathy
Action draws water into the stool and softens stool, inhibits ammonia passing into the colon
Therapeutic Class laxative
Pharmacologic Class osmotic
Nursing Considerations • use caution with DM
• may cause cramps, abdominal distention, hyperglycemia
• assess mental status, ammonia levels, abdominal distention
• patient should average 2-3 bowel movements per day
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name ketorolac
Trade Name Toradol
Indication pain
Action pain relief due to prostaglandin inhibition by blocking of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)
Therapeutic Class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, nonopioid analgesics
Pharmacologic Class pyrroziline carboxylic acid
Nursing Considerations • may cause GI bleeding, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, anaphylaxis, drowsiness
• should not exceed 5 days of therapy
• bleeding risk increased with garlic, ginger, and ginkgo
• may decrease effectiveness of hypertensive medications and diuretics
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name isoniazide
Trade Name INH
Indication tuberculosis
Action Inhibits synthesis of mycobacterial cell wall
Therapeutic Class Antitubercular
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • can cause jaundice
• may cause peripheral neuropathy, seizures, hepatitis
• patient should avoid high amounts of tyramine (pickled meats, aged/smoked meats, alcohol, exotic/aged cheese)
• monitor liver function tests
• complete full course of therapy (6-12 months)
• often used in combination with Rifampin
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name radioactive iodine
Trade Name none
Indication thyroidectomy pretreatment, thyrotoxic crisis, radiation exposure
Action inhibits the release of thyroid hormones
Therapeutic Class Antithyroid Agent, control of hyperthyroidism
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • may cause GI bleeding, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, goiter
• monitor for hypersensitivity
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Insulin Regular
Trade Name Humulin R/Novolin R
Indication hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis
Action stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver,
prevents breakdown of fat and protein
| Route | Onset | Peak | Duration | | Subcutaneous | 30-45 min | 1-5 | 4.5-6h |
Therapeutic Class antidiabetics, hormones
Pharmacologic Class pancreatics
Nursing Considerations • assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
• monitor body weight over time
• may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium
• monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Aspart, Lispro, Glulisine
Trade Name Novolog, Humalog, Apidra
Indication hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis
Action stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver,
prevents breakdown of fat and protein
| Route | Onset | Peak | Duration | | Aspart | 10-20 min | 1-3 hr | 3-5 hr | | Glulisine | 15 min | 1 hr | 2-4 hr | | Lispro | 15 min | 1-1.5 hr | 3-4 hr |
Therapeutic Class antidiabetics, hormones
Pharmacologic Class pancreatics
Nursing Considerations • assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
• monitor body weight over time
• may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium
• monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Insulin detemir, Insulin glargine
Trade Name Levemir, Lantus
Indication hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis
Action stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver,
prevents breakdown of fat and protein
| Route | Onset | Peak | Duration | | Detemir | 3-4 hr | 3-14 hr | 24 hr | | Glargine | 3-4 hr | none | 24 hr |
Therapeutic Class antidiabetics, hormones
Pharmacologic Class pancreatics
Nursing Considerations • assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
• monitor body weight over time
• may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium
• monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Insulin NPH
Trade Name Humulin N, Novolin N
Indication hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis
Action stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver,
prevents breakdown of fat and protein
| Route | Onset | Peak | Duration | | Subcutaneous | 1-2 hr | 4-12hr | 18-24hr |
Therapeutic Class antidiabetics, hormones
Pharmacologic Class pancreatics
Nursing Considerations • assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
• monitor body weight over time
• may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium
• monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name indomethacin
Trade Name Indocin
Indication Inflammatory disorders when patients do not respond to other medications
Action Decreases pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
Therapeutic Class antirheumatics, ductus arteriosus patency adjuncts (IV only), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • monitor for hepatitis and GI bleeding
• monitor for dizziness, drowsiness, and headache
• assess for anaphylactic reaction
• aspirin may decrease effectiveness
• monitor renal labs
• shake suspension before administration
• patient should wear sunscreen and protective clothing to protect against photosensitivity
Hi NURSING.com family.
You can now prep for the NCLEX Anywhere!
We just released a new Podcast show, “NCLEX Flash Notes.” This is the perfect NCLEX review, and as ALWAYS, we have pulled out the MOST important info that you need to become an Amazing nurse!
Listen in each week while we review the critical topics you need to pass the NCLEX Exam. Each episode will cover different MUST-know nursing topics, with a perfect overview of all you need to know.
Our new show is NCLEX Flash Notes.
Just click the link below for a direct link to the show on either iTunes OR Spotify!
https://nursing.com/flashnotes
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name ibuprofen
Trade Name Advil / Motrin
Indication Mild to moderate pain, inflammatory states
Action Decreases pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandins
Therapeutic Class antipyretics, antirheumatics, nonopioid analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
Pharmacologic Class nonopioid analgesics
Nursing Considerations • may cause GI bleeding, hepatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
• may cause anaphylaxis
• monitor for headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation
• therapy should be discontinued after first sign of rash
• monitor renal and liver labs
• patient should avoid using alcohol
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name hydromorphone
Trade Name Dilaudid
Indication moderate to severe pain
Action alters the perception and reaction to pain by binding to opiate receptors in the CNS, also suppresses the cough reflex
Therapeutic Class Opioid Analgesic, allergy, cold and cough remedies, antitussive
Pharmacologic Class opioid agonist
Nursing Considerations • Assess BP, respirations, and pulse before and during administration – medication causes general
CNS depression
• Narcan (nalaxone) is the antidote for overdose
• use caution with concurrent use of MAOI – avoid use within 14 days of each other
• may be used as an antitussive
• advised to dilute with NS prior to administration and to administer slowly to decrease CNS
depression
Hi NURSING.com family. Are you getting ready for the NCLEX?? This show is the perfect NCLEX review, and as ALWAYS, we have pulled out the MOST important info that you need to become an Amazing nurse!
Listen in each week while we review 77 critical topics you need to pass the NCLEX-RN Exam. Each episode will cover these MUST-know nursing topics with a perfect overview.
Our new show is NCLEX Flash Notes. You can search that in Apple podcasts or Spotify and pull up the SHOW. NCLEX Flash Notes
NCLEX Flash Notes is your go-to last-minute refresher for the NCLEX exam. Cut through the fluff and get straight to the essential information with this free resource.
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name hydrocodone/acetaminophen
Trade Name Vicodin, Lortab, Norco
Indication management of moderate to severe pain
Action alters the perception and reaction to pain by binding to opiate receptors in the CNS, also suppresses the cough reflex
Therapeutic Class opioid Analgesic, allergy, cold and cough remedies, antitussive
Pharmacologic Class opioid agonists, nonopioid analgesic combinations
Nursing Considerations • use caution with concurrent use of MAOI – avoid use within 14 days of each other
• hypotension – monitor hemodynamics and respirations after administering
• may increase ICP use caution with head trauma
• Narcan (nalaxone) is the antidote for overdose
• DO NOT exceed 4g of acetaminophen per day
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name hydralazine
Trade Name Apresoline
Indication hypertension
Action arterial vasodilation by unclarified mechanism
Therapeutic Class anti-hypertensive
Pharmacologic Class vasodilator
Nursing Considerations • may cause tachycardia, sodium retention, arrhythmias, angina
• use caution with MAOIs
• monitor blood pressure
• instruct patient on how to take blood pressure
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name haloperidol
Trade Name Haldol
Indication Schizophrenia, mania, aggressive and agitated patient
Action Alters the effect of dopamine
Therapeutic Class Antipsychotic
Pharmacologic Class butyrophenones
Nursing Considerations • extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia
• use caution in QT prolongation
• may cause seizures, constipation, dry mouth, agranulosytosis
• assess for hallucinations
• monitor hemodynamics
• monitor for neuroleptic malignant syndrome (fever, muscular rigidity, altered mental status, and
autonomic dysfunction)
• monitor CBC with differential
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name guaifenesin
Trade Name Mucinex
Indication Cough suppression, expectorant
Action Decreases viscosity of and mobilizes secretions
Therapeutic Class allergy, cold and cough remedies, expectorant
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • patient should avoid over the counter cold medications
• assess lung sounds
• maintain adequate fluid intake
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name Glipizide
Trade Name Glucotrol
Indication Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Action Stimulates release of insulin from the beta cells in the pancreases and leads to increased sensitivity to insulin
Therapeutic Class Anti-diabetic
Pharmacologic Class Sulfonylureas
Nursing Considerations • May cause aplastic anemias, hypoglycemia, photosensitivity, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache, diarrhea
• Monitor CBC, assess for allergy to sulfonamides
• Beta blockers may increase signs of hypoglycemia
• Instruct patient on how to check blood sugars and
• Instruct patient on importance of carrying source of sugar in case of
hypoglycemia
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Gentamicin
Trade Name Cidomycin
Indication Treatment of gram negative infections when penicillin is ineffective
Action Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Therapeutic Class Anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Aminoglycoside
Nursing Considerations • Causes tinnitus-hearing loss/do not administer with penicillin
• Use caution in renal impairment
• Assess for infection
• Obtain cultures prior to therapy
• Monitor liver function tests
• Monitor blood levels of drug
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Gabapentin
Trade Name Neurontin
Indication Seizures, peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pain, prevention of migraines
Action Exact method of action unknown, may play a role in stabilizing neural membranes
Therapeutic Class Analgesic adjuncts, anticonvulsants, mood stabilizers
Pharmacologic Class None
Nursing Considerations • May cause suicidal thoughts, confusion, depression, drowsiness, ataxia, facial
edema, hypertension
• Monitor pt closely for changes in behavior and depression
• Assess seizure activity
• Assess pain level
• Patient should take medications exactly as prescribed
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name Furosemide
Trade Name Lasix
Indication Edema, hypertension
Action Prevents reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys, increase excretion of
water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium
Therapeutic Class Diuretics
Pharmacologic Class Loop diuretics
Nursing Considerations • Use caution with liver disease
• May cause hypotension, dry mouth, excessive urination, dehydration,
electrolyte abnormalities, metabolic alkalosis
• Hypokalemia may lead to increase risk of digoxin toxicity
• Monitor renal panel
• Use caution with other antihypertensives
• Causes arthritic symptoms/do not administer with aminoglycosides due to
ototoxicity
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Fluticasone
Trade Name Flovent, Flonase
Indication prophylactic asthma treatment
Action locally acting anti-inflammatory
Therapeutic Class antiasthmatics, anti-inflammatory (steroid)
Pharmacologic Class Corticosteroids, Inhalation
Nursing Considerations • use cautiously with untreated infections and suppressed immune function
• may cause headache, insomnia, bronchospasm, nasal congestion, adrenal suppression
• monitor patient’s respiratory status
• may lead to decreased bone density
• instruct patients using corticosteroids and bronchodilators that they need to use
bronchodilators first.
• instruct patient to stop smoking
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Fluoxetine
Trade Name Prozac
Indication Depressive disorder, OCD, bulimia, panic disorder, bipolar, anorexia, ADHD, DM
neuropathy, obesity
Action Inhibits reuptake of serotonin allowing it to persist longer in the synaptic cleft
Therapeutic Class Antidepressant
Pharmacologic Class SSRI
Nursing Considerations • Do not use while taking MAOIs
• May cause suicidal thoughts, drowsiness, anxiety, sexual dysfunction,
insomnia, palpitations
• Monitor closely for serotonin syndrome
• Concurrent use with certain medications may lead to QT prolongation
• Monitor mood changes and assess for suicidal ideation
• Monitor nutrition status
• May cause elevated liver enzymes
• Instruct pt to maintain good oral hygiene
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Ferrous sulfate
Trade Name Feosol
Indication Prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia
Action Iron is essential for hemoglobin, myoglobin and enzymes, it is transported to
organs where it becomes part of iron stores
Therapeutic Class Antianemics
Pharmacologic Class Iron supplements
Nursing Considerations • May cause seizures, hypotension, constipation, epigastric pain, diarrhea, skin
staining, anaphylaxis
• Assess nutritional status, bowel function
• Monitor hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron levels
• May cause elevated liver enzymes
• Take on an empty stomach to increase absorption/vitamin c helps with
absorption
• Use z-track for IM injections
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Fentanyl
Trade Name Sublimaze
Indication Supplement to general anesthesia, continuous IV infusion for purpose of analgesia
Action Binds to opiate receptors in CNS altering perception of pain, producing CNS
depression
Therapeutic Class Opioid Analgesic
Pharmacologic Class Opioid agonists
Nursing Considerations • Use caution with increased ICP, head trauma, adrenal insufficiency
• Avoid use with MAOIs
• May cause apnea, laryngospasm, decreased respirations, bradycardia,
hypotension
• Do not consume grapefruit while taking this medication
• Monitor hemodynamics during administration
• Assess patient pain scale frequently
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Famotidine
Trade Name Pepcid
Indication Short term treatment of active ulcer, GERD, treatment of heartburn, indigestion,
management of Zollinger Ellison syndrome, prevention of GI bleeding in critically
ill patients, management of symptoms associated with overuse of NSAIDs
Action Blocks action of histamine located in gastric parietal cells, inhibits gastric acid
secretion
Therapeutic Class Antiulcer agent
Pharmacologic Class Histamine H2 antagonist
Nursing Considerations • May cause arrhythmias, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemias
• Assess for abdominal pain and occult blood
• Monitor CBC
• Instruct pt to increase fluid and fiber intake to prevent constipation
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name Escitalopram
Trade Name Lexapro
Indication Major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, PCD, PTSD, social phobia
Action Increases the extracellular levels of serotonin in the synaptic cleft by selectively
inhibiting its reuptake
Therapeutic Class Antidepressant
Pharmacologic Class SSRI
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated with MAOI
• May cause suicidal thoughts, insomnia, drowsiness, diarrhea, nausea,
serotonin syndrome
• May cause QT prolongation with certain medications
• Assess for sexual dysfunction
• May take 4-6 weeks for full affect to take place
• Monitor for serotonin syndrome (mental changes, NV, tachycardia,
hyperthermia)
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Erythromycin
Trade Name E-Mycin
Indication Useful in place of penicillin when patient cannot take penicillin, upper and lower
respiratory tract infections, otitis media, skin infections, pertussis, syphilis,
rheumatic fever
Action Bacteriostatic: suppresses bacterial protein synthesis
Therapeutic Class Anti-infective
Pharmacologic Class Macrolide
Nursing Considerations • Causes QT prolongation, ventricular arrhythmias
• Diarrhea
• Asses infection
• Monitor liver function tests
• Instruct patient to finish medication dosage even if they are feeling better
• Medication should not be shared
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name Epoetin
Trade Name Epogen
Indication Anemia
Action Stimulates erythropoiesis (production of RBCs)
Therapeutic Class Antianemic
Pharmacologic Class Hormones
Nursing Considerations * Assess dialysis shunts * Contraindicated in albumin hypersensitivity * May cause + Seizures + CHF + MI + CVA + Hypertension * Do not shake vial * Initiate seizure precautions * Monitor + Bleeding times + Signs of anemia
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name Epinephrine
Trade Name Adrenalin, EpiPen
Indication Asthma and COPD exacerbations, allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, anesthesia adjunct
Action Affects both beta1 and beta2 also has alpha agonist properties resulting in bron-
chodilation and increases in HR and BP. Inhibits hypersensitivity reactions.
Therapeutic Class Antiasthmatic, bronchodilator, vasopressor
Pharmacologic Class Adrenergic agonist
Nursing Considerations • Side effects include: angina, tachycardia, hypertension, restlessness,
nervousness, hyperglycemia
• Use with MAOI may lead to hypertensive crisis
• Patients should not use stimulants (caffeine, guarana, etc)
• Excessive use may cause bronchospasm
• Assess lung sounds, pulse, BP, and other hemodynamic parameters
• Monitor for chest pain
• Instruct patient to use as directed
• Patient should insure adequate fluid intake to liquefy secretions
• Mouth should be rinsed after inhalation
• Beta blockers may negate effects
• May increase blood glucose levels
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Enoxaparin
Trade Name Lovenox
Indication Prevention of VTE, DVT, and PE
Action Prevents thrombus formation by potentiating the inhibitory effect of antithrom-
bin on factor Xa and thrombin. Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin.
Therapeutic Class Anticoagulant
Pharmacologic Class Antithrombotic
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in pork hypersensitivity
• Monitor for signs of bleeding
• Administer in subcutaneous tissue
• DO NOT eject air bubble prior to injection
• DO NOT aspirate or massage site
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name Enalapril
Trade Name Vasotec
Indication hypertension, management of CHF
Action Block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, increases renin levels and
decreases aldosterone leading to vasodilation
Therapeutic Class Antihypertensives
Pharmacologic Class ACE Inhibitor
Nursing Considerations • May cause hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions and angioedema (swelling of face, lips, tongue, throat)
• Can cause neutropenia – check WBCs regularly
• Use cautiously with potassium supplements and potassium sparing diuretics.
• Use cautiously with diuretic therapy
• Administer 1 hour before meals
• Monitor blood pressure often
• Monitor weight and fluid status
• Monitor renal profile
• Monitor CBC frequently
• Dry cough
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name dopamine
Trade Name Inotropin
What is the indication for Dopamine? used to improve blood pressure, cardiac output, and urine output
Action Smaller doses result in renal vasodilation
Doses 2-10mcg/kg/min result in cardiac stimulation by acting on beta1 receptors
Doses >10mcg/kg/min stimulate alpha receptors leading to vasoconstriction (↑SVR)
What is the therapeutic class for Dopamine? inotropic, vasopressor
Pharmacologic Class adrenergic
Nursing Considerations for Dopamine (Inotropin) • Monitor hemodynamics closely: BP, HR, EKG, CVP, and PAOP if available
• Obtain parameters for hemodynamic values
• Titrate to obtain appropriate BP (more potent vasoconstrictors may be required)
• Irritation may occur at IV site
• Beta blockers may counteract therapeutic effects
Dopamine Audio Lecture
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Dobutamine
Trade Name Dobutrex
Indication Short term management of heart failure
Action Dobutamine has a positive inotropic effect (increases cardiac output) with very
little effect on heart rate. Stimulates Beta1 receptors in the heart.
Therapeutic Class Inotropic
Pharmacologic Class Beta-adrenergic agonist
Nursing Considerations • Monitor hemodynamics: hypertension, ↑HR, PVCs
• Skin reactions may occur with hypersensitivity
• Beta blockers may negate therapeutic effects of dobutamine
• Monitor cardiac output
• Monitor peripheral pulses before, during, and after therapy
• DO NOT confuse dobutamine with dopamine
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Divalproex
Trade Name Depakote
Indication Seizures, manic episodes, prevention of headache
Action Increases the level of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter) in CNS
Therapeutic Class Anticonvulsant, vascular headache suppressants
Pharmacologic Class None
Nursing Considerations • May cause suicidal thoughts, agitation, dizziness, insomnia, hepatotoxicity, pancreatitis • Increases risk for bleeding with Warfarin • Use caution with MAOIs • Monitor liver function tests
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name Diphenoxylate/atropine
Trade Name Lomotil
Indication Treatment for diarrhea
Action Inhibits GI motility via anticholinergic effects
Therapeutic Class Antidiarrheal
Pharmacologic Class Anticholinergic
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated with angle-closure glaucoma, dehydration • Structurally related to opioids so use caution with patients that have allergies to opioids • May cause constipation, tachycardia, dizziness, ileus • Monitor liver function as the medication is excreted by the liver • Ensure that client is taking medication as prescribed and not double dosing
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Diphenhydramine
Trade Name Benadryl
Indication Allergy, anaphylaxis, sedation, motion sickness, antitussive
Action Antagonizes effects of histamine, CNS depression
Therapeutic Class Allergy, cold and cough remedy, antihistamine, antitussive
Pharmacologic Class Antihistamine
Nursing Considerations • May cause drowsiness, anorexia, dry mouth, nausea, chest tightness, thick secretions, hypotension, blurred vision, headache • Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, sedation) • Assess purpose of medication prior to giving it • Assess allergies, sleep patterns, cough and lung sounds • Patient should avoid other over-the-counter cough and cold remedies
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Diltiazem
Trade Name Cardizem
Indication Hypertension, angina, SVT, AFib, aflutter
Action Inhibits calcium transport resulting in inhibition of excitation and contraction, leads to depression of AV and SA node leading to decreased HR, leads to vasodi- latation and decreased blood pressure.
Therapeutic Class Antianginals, antiarrhythmics, antihypertensive
Pharmacologic Class Ca Channel Blocker (Benzothiazepine)
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in 2nd and 3rd AV block • May cause arrhythmias, CHF, bradycardia, peripheral edema, gingival hyperplasia • Increases digoxin levels • Don’t drink grapefruit juice • Assess for signs of CHF • Monitor EKG continuously • Tell patient to change positions slowly • Monitor serum potassium • Instruct pt on how to take blood pressure
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Digoxin
Trade Name Lanoxin
Indication CHF, AFib, A-flutter
Action Positive inotropic effect (increases force of myocardial contraction), prolongs refractory period, ↓ conduction through SA and AV nodes. Essentially digoxin is given to increase cardiac output and slow the rate.
Therapeutic Class Antiarrhythmic, inotropics
Pharmacologic Class Digitalis glycosides
Nursing Considerations • Excreted by kidneys • Assess patient for hypersensitivity • Contraindicated with uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias • Hypokalemia increase risk for toxicity • Hypercalcemia ↑ risk for toxicity • Use caution with diuretic use as they may cause electrolyte abnormalities that can lead to toxicity • Assess patient for cardiac arrhythmias including bradycardia • Signs of toxicity include vision changes (blurred vision, yellow, green vision disturbances) • Monitor pulse rate for 1 full minute prior to dosing patient (hold for pulse
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Diazepam
Trade Name Valium
Indication Anxiety, pre-op sedation, conscious sedation, treatment of seizures, insomnia, management of alcohol withdrawal
Action Decreases the effects of voltage gated sodium channels to depresses the CNS
Therapeutic Class Antianxiety agents, anticonvulsants, sedative/hypnotics, skeletal muscle relax- ants (centrally acting)
Pharmacologic Class Benzodiazepine
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in hepatic dysfunction • Use caution with renal impairment • Can cause dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, hypotension, physical depen- dence, tolerance • Instruct patient to take as directed • Caution to avoid alcohol use • Flumazenil (Romazicon) is the reversal agent
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Dexamethasone
Trade Name Decadron
Indication Manage cerebral edema, assess for Cushing’s Disease
Action Suppress inflammation and normal immune response. Used in inflammatory states to decrease inflammation.
Therapeutic Class Antiasthmatics, corticosteroids
Pharmacologic Class Corticosteroids
Nursing Considerations • Excreted by the liver – monitor liver profile • Avoid in active untreated infections • May cause CNS alterations • May cause peptic ulcers • May cause Cushingoid appearance (buffalo hump, moon face) • Weight gain • Osteoporosis • Decrease wound healing • May elevate blood sugars • May increase cholesterol and lipid values
Join us for our FREE Test-Taking Webinar to boost your exam scores: https://bit.ly/nursingtesttaking
I am excited to bring to you the NURSING.com SOCK Method, with proven tips to help you master pharmacology. When I surveyed 200 nursing students, 66% said that their most difficult subject was nursing pharmacology. However, the issue is often overlooked.
There are a lot of schools that don't have dedicated pharmacology courses and instead roll it up into other parts of the program. But that is devastating to me because the one thing we do more than almost anything else in our careers as nurses is give medication.
So today I'm gonna introduce you to something called the SOCK Method for mastering nursing pharmacology. We are doubling down on our focus on pharmacology in this podcast. After listening to this, I am confident that you will be able to become a master of nursing pharmacology.
SOCK Method
- S – Side Effects
- O – Organs
- C – Class/Considerations/Cards
- K – Know (or Must Know)
- The Correct Order
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Cyclosporine
Trade Name Sandimmune
Indication Prevention of rejection in transplantation, treatment of severe RA, management of ulcerative colitis
Action Inhibits normal immune response primarily by decreasing the activity of T cells
Therapeutic Class Immunosuppressant, antirheumatics (DMARD)
Pharmacologic Class Polypeptides (cyclic)
Nursing Considerations • May cause seizures, tremors, hypertension, hepatotoxicity, diarrhea, N/V, gingival hyperplasia • Increases immune suppression with corticosteroids • Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medications • Assess for signs of organ rejection • Monitor renal panel, liver enzymes • Take medication as directed • Lifelong therapy required for transplant patients • Instruct pt on how to take blood pressure
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Cortisone
Trade Name Cortone
Indication Management of adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison’s Disease). Replace cortisol in states of deficiency, suppress inflammation and normal immune response.
Action The adrenal glands sit on top of the kidneys. The adrenal glands excrete steroid hormones, including cortisol that play a role in increasing blood sugars, immune suppression, and metabolism of fat, protein, and carbohydrates, as well as decreasing bone formation.
Therapeutic Class Antiasthmatics, corticosteroids
Pharmacologic Class Corticosteroids
Nursing Considerations • Excreted by the liver – monitor liver profile • Avoid in active untreated infections • May cause CNS alterations • May cause peptic ulcers • May cause Cushingoid appearance (buffalo hump, moon face) • Weight gain • Osteoporosis • Decrease wound healing • May elevate blood sugars • May increase cholesterol and lipid values
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name Codeine
Trade Name Paveral
Indication Management of pain, diarrhea, cough suppressant
Action Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS and alters perception of pain while producing a general depression of the CNS. This depression also causes a decrease in the cough reflex and GI motility.
Therapeutic Class Allergy, cold, cough remedy, antitussive, opioid analgesic
Pharmacologic Class Opioid agonist
Nursing Considerations • May cause alterations in mentation, hypotension, constipation, nausea, vomiting • Assess BP, pulse, and respiratory rate prior to administration and frequently during administration • Use caution if patient is receiving MAO Inhibitors • Narcan (naloxone) is the antidote for opioid agonists
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Clopidogrel
Trade Name Plavix
Indication Atherosclerotic events, MI, CVA, PVD, acute coronary syndrome
Action Inhibits platelet aggregation
Therapeutic Class Antiplatelet agent
Pharmacologic Class Platelet aggregation inhibitors
Nursing Considerations • May cause GI bleeding, neutropenia, hypercholesterolemia • May increase risk for bleeding in warfarin, aspirin, heparin • Can increase risk for bleeding with garlic, ginkgo, ginger • Monitor for signs of bleeding • Monitor bleeding times • Monitor CBC and platelet count • Discontinue use 5-7 days before surgery
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Clindamycin
Trade Name Cleocin
Indication Skin infections, respiratory tract infections, septicemia, intra-abdominal infections, osteomyelitis
Action Bacteriostatic: inhibits protein synthesis
Therapeutic Class Anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Lincosamide
Nursing Considerations • Arrhythmias, pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, phlebitis • Monitor bowel function • Assess for infection, obtain cultures prior to therapy • Monitor liver function tests • Monitor CBC
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Ciprofloxacin
Trade Name Cipro
Indication Urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, skin and bone infections, infectious diarrhea, abdominal infections
Action Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis
Therapeutic Class Anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Fluoroquinolone
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in allergies • May cause QT prolongation, avoid use with other drugs that can cause QT prolongation • Can cause seizures, arrhythmias, pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis, Stevens Johnson syndrome • May decrease effects of phenytoin • Monitor renal panel • Assess for infection, obtain cultures prior to therapy • Monitor liver function tests
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Cimetidine
Trade Name Tagamet
Indication Treatment of duodenal ulcers, GERD, heartburn, Zollinger Ellison syndrome, prevention of GI bleeding in critical patients.
Action Inhibits action of histamine leading to inhibition of gastric acid secretion
Therapeutic Class Antiulcer agent
Pharmacologic Class Histamine H2 antagonist
Nursing Considerations • Increases serum level of warfarin • Can lead to respiratory infection (green sputum) • Monitor for arrhythmias • May cause agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia • Monitor CBC during therapy • Take medication as directed • Instruct patient to increase fluid and fiber intake to decrease constipation
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Chlorpromazine
Trade Name Thorazine
Indication Second line treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis, nausea/vomiting, pre-op sedation, acute intermittent porphyria, headache, bipolar
Action Exhibits anticholinergic activity, alters effects of dopamine in CNS
Therapeutic Class Antipsychotic, antiemetic
Pharmacologic Class Phenothiazines (dopamine D2 receptor antagonist)
Nursing Considerations • May cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome, sedation, tardive dyskinesia, hypotension, agranulocytosis • Assess mental status prior to and during treatment • Monitor blood pressure • Ensure patient is taking medication • Monitor CBC and liver function tests • Instruct patient not to skip doses or double dose.
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Cephalexin
Trade Name Keflex
Indication Skin infections, pneumonia, UTI, otitis media
Action Bactericidal: binds to bacterial cell wall leading to cell death
Therapeutic Class Anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Cephalosporin 1st generation
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated with cephalosporin and serious penicillin allergies. • May need lead to seizures, pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, phlebitis at IV site, anaphylaxis • Assess infection and allergies • Obtain cultures prior to therapy • Monitor bowel function • May lead to superinfection • May cause elevated liver enzymes
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Celecoxib
Trade Name Celebrex
Indication Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain
Action Decreases pain and inflammation by inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandins
Therapeutic Class Antirheumatics/NSAID
Pharmacologic Class Cox 2 inhibitor
Nursing Considerations • Use caution with cardiovascular disease • Increases risk for MI, CVA, thrombosis • May cause GI bleeding, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, dermatitis • Notify provider for new-onset abdominal pain or black stool
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Cefdinir
Trade Name Omnicef
Indication Treatment of skin infections, otitis media
Action Bactericidal, binds to bacterial cell wall causing cell death
Therapeutic Class Anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Cephalosporin 3rd generations
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in cephalosporin and possibly penicillin allergies • May need lead to seizures, pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, phlebitis at IV site, anaphylaxis • Assess infection and allergies • Obtain cultures prior to therapy • Monitor bowel function • Monitor for bleeding • May lead to superinfection
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Cefaclor
Trade Name Ceclor
Indication Treatment of respiratory tract infections, skin infections, otitis media
Action Bactericidal, binds to bacterial cell wall causing cell death
Therapeutic Class Anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Cephalosporin 2nd generations
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in cephalosporin and possibly penicillin allergies • May need lead to seizures, pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, phlebitis at IV site, anaphylaxis • Assess infection and allergies • Obtain cultures prior to therapy • Monitor bowel function • May lead to superinfection
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Carbidopa/levodopa
Trade Name Sinemet
Indication Parkinson’s disease
Action Levodopa is converted to dopamine and works as a neurotransmitter, carbidopa prevents the destruction of levodopa allowing it to cross the blood brain barrier
Therapeutic Class Antiparkinson agent
Pharmacologic Class Dopamine Agonist
Nursing Considerations • May cause orthostatic hypotension • May cause dark urine • Weeks to months to take effect • Do not use with MAOIs • Do not use with glaucoma, melanoma • Assess for parkinsonian symptoms • Instruct patient to take as directed
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Captopril
Trade Name Capoten
Indication Hypertension, management of CHF, decrease progression of DM neuropathy
Action Block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, increases renin levels and decreases aldosterone leading to vasodilation
Therapeutic Class Antihypertensives
Pharmacologic Class ACE Inhibitor
Nursing Considerations • Can cause neutropenia – check WBCs regularly • Use cautiously with potassium supplements and potassium sparing diuretics • Use cautiously with diuretic therapy • Administer 1 hour before meals • Monitor blood pressure often • Monitor weight and fluid status • Monitor renal profile • Monitor CBC frequently • May lead to Rhabdomyolysis • Dry cough
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Calcium carbonate
Trade Name Tums/Rolaids
Indication Treatment of hypocalcemia, prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, treat- ment of hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia, used as antacid
Action Calcium is essential for nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems, helps maintain cell membranes, aids in transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction, aids in blood formation and coagulation
Therapeutic Class Mineral and electrolyte replacements/supplements
Pharmacologic Class Antacids
Nursing Considerations • May cause cardiac arrest and arrhythmias • Monitor hemodynamics • May causes hypotension, bradycardia, and arrhythmias • Hypercalcemia can increase risk for digoxin toxicity • Instruct pt on foods that contain Vitamin D and encourage adequate intake • Monitor parathyroid hormone
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name calcium acetate
Trade Name PhosLo
Indication treatment of hypocalcemia, prevention of post-menopausal osteoporosis, treatment of hyperkalemia and hypermagnesaemia, adjunct in cardiac arrest, control of hyperphosphatemia with ESRD. Binds to phosphate in food and prevents absorption.
Action calcium is essential for nervous muscular and skeletal systems, helps maintain cell membranes, aids in transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction, aids in blood formation and coagulation
Therapeutic Class mineral and electrolyte replacements/supplements
Pharmacologic Class antacids
Nursing Considerations • may cause cardiac arrest and arrhythmias • phlebitis at site of insertion • monitor hemodynamics • may cause hypotension, bradycardia, and arrhythmias • hypercalcemia can increase risk for digoxin toxicity • administer slowly • instruct pt on foods that contain Vitamin D and encourage adequate intake. • monitor parathyroid hormone
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name butorphanol
Trade Name Stadol
Indication moderate to severe pain, labor pain, sedation
Action alters perception and response to pain by binding to opiate receptors in CNS
Therapeutic Class Opioid Analgesic
Pharmacologic Class opioid agonists/antagonists
Nursing Considerations • use caution with concurrent use of MAOIs • may cause confusion, hallucinations, sedation • monitor for CNS depression • assess blood pressure pulse and respirations during administration • administer slowly through an IV line
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Buspirone
Trade Name Buspar
Indication Management of anxiety
Action Relieves anxiety by binding to dopamine and serotonin receptors
Therapeutic Class Antianxiety
Pharmacologic Class Azapirone
Nursing Considerations • Do not administer concurrently with MAOI or grapefruit juice • May lead to dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, and weakness • Patient may experience chest pain, palpitations, tachycardia • Instruct patient to take as directed • Instruct patient to avoid alcohol and other CNS depressants
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Bupropion
Trade Name Wellbutrin
Indication Depression, smoking cessation, treat ADHD in adults
Action Not well understood, ↑ dopaminergic and noradrenergic transmission via reuptake
Therapeutic Class Antidepressants, smoking deterrents
Pharmacologic Class Aminoketones
Nursing Considerations • May lead to seizures, suicidal thoughts • Do not administer if patient is taking MAOI • Use caution with renal and liver impairment • Assess mental status • Instruct patient to avoid alcohol (may lead to hallucinations, seizures, anxiety)
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Bismuth subsalicylate
Trade Name Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol
Indication Diarrhea, heartburn, indigestion, H. pylori associated ulcer
Action Stimulates the absorption of fluids and electrolytes in the intestinal wall, reduction in hypermotility of the stomach, and binds to toxins.
Therapeutic Class Antidiarrheal, antiulcer, antacid
Pharmacologic Class Absorbent
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in aspirin hypersensitivity • Increase risk for impaction with geriatric and pediatric patients • Monitor liver profile • Bismuth may interfere with radiologic exams
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Bisacodyl
Trade Name Dulcolax
Indication Treatment of constipation, bowel regimen
Action Stimulates enteric nerves to cause peristalsis which leads to fluid accumulation in the colon
Therapeutic Class Laxatives
Pharmacologic Class Stimulant laxatives
Nursing Considerations • May lead to hypokalemia • May cause abdominal pain and cramps • Not for use within 1 hour of taking milk product • Assess for abdominal distention and bowel function • Instruct patient to drink 1500-2000 mL/day during therapy • Monitor fluid and electrolyte levels • Instruct patient to take as ordered
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Benztropine
Trade Name Cogentin
Indication Treatment for Parkinson’s disease
Action Exhibits anticholinergic properties (blocks acetylcholine) in the CNS to reduce rigidity and tremors
Therapeutic Class Antiparkinson agent
Pharmacologic Class Anticholinergic
Nursing Considerations • May lead to arrhythmias, hypotension, palpitations, and tachycardia • Anticholinergic effects like constipation, dry mouth • Assess for extrapyramidal symptoms • Instruct patient to take as directed • Instruct patient to maintain good oral hygiene
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name Azithromycin
Trade Name Zithromax
Indication URI, chronic bronchitis, lower respiratory infections, otitis media, skin infections, various STIs, prevention of bacterial endocarditis, treatment of cystic fibrosis
Action Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Therapeutic Class Agents for atypical mycobacterium, anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Macrolide
Nursing Considerations • May lead to pseudomembranous colitis, pain, diarrhea, nausea, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, angioedema • May increase risks for warfarin toxicity • Monitor patient for signs of anaphylaxis • Instruct patient to notify physician for diarrhea, or blood or pus in stool • Instruct patient to take medication exactly as prescribed
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name Atorvastatin
Trade Name Lipitor
Indication Management of high cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia), primary prevention of cardiovascular disease
Action Lowers total cholesterol as well as LDL while slightly increasing HDL. Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase which plays a role in the liver in cholesterol formation
Therapeutic Class Lipid-lowering agent
Pharmacologic Class HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Similar Medications Simvastatin (Zocor), rosuvastatin (Crestor)
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in active liver disease • May cause rhabdomyolysis • Monitor renal function • Monitor serum cholesterol before, about 4 weeks after starting, and fre- quently during drug therapy • Monitor liver function tests • Instruct patient to report muscle weakness (sign of rhabdomyolysis)
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name Atropine
Trade Name Atropen
Indication Decreases oral and respiratory secretions, treats sinus bradycardia and heart block, treatment of bronchospasm
Action Atropine is an anticholinergic which means that it inhibits the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system, specifically acetylcholine. This inhibition causes increase in HR, bronchodilation, decreased GI and respiratory secretions.
Therapeutic Class Antiarrhythmic
Pharmacologic Class Anticholinergic, antimuscarinic
Nursing Considerations • Avoid in acute hemorrhage, tachycardia, and angle closure glaucoma • Monitor patient for tachycardia and palpitations • May cause urinary retention in elderly patients • Patients may experience constipation due to slowed GI motility
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name Amlodipine
Trade Name Norvasc
Indication Hypertension, angina
Action Blocks transport of calcium into muscle cells inhibiting excitation and contraction
Therapeutic Class Antihypertensive
Pharmacologic Class Ca channel blocker
Nursing Considerations • May cause gingival hyperplasia • Grapefruit juice may increase drug level • Monitor blood pressure and pulse prior to and during therapy • Monitor intake and output • Assess for signs of CHF • Assess characteristics of angina • Instruct patient of interventions for hypertension and how to take blood pressure
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Generic Name amoxicillin
Trade Name Moxatag
Indication skin infections, respiratory infections, sinusitis, endocarditis prophylaxis, lyme disease
Action Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall leading to cell death.
Therapeutic Class anti-infectives, antiulcer agent
Pharmacologic Class aminopenicillins
Nursing Considerations • contraindicated with penicillin allergy • may cause seizures • assess for rash, anaphylaxis • excreted by kidneys – monitor renal labs • monitor patient for diarrhea – bloody stool should be reported immediately
Visit https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Acetylsalicylic Acid
Trade Name Aspirin
Indication Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke, and MI prophylaxis
Action Inhibits the production of prostaglandins which leads to a reduction of fever and inflammation, decreases platelet aggregation leading to a decrease in ischemic diseases
Therapeutic Class Antipyretics, non-opioid analgesics
Pharmacologic Class Salicylates
Nursing Considerations • Use caution in bleeding disorders, chronic alcohol use • May lead to Stevens-Johnson syndrome, laryngeal edema, and anaphylaxis • Increases risk for bleeding with warfarin, heparin, and clopidogrel • Increased risk for GI bleeding with NSAID use • Monitor liver function tests • Concurrent use with alcohol may increase risk for GI bleeding • Aspirin with viral infections can cause Reye’s syndrome
Visit https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Generic Name Amlodipine
Trade Name Norvasc
Indication Hypertension, angina
Action Blocks transport of calcium into muscle cells inhibiting excitation and contraction
Therapeutic Class Antihypertensive
Pharmacologic Class Ca channel blocker
Nursing Considerations • May cause gingival hyperplasia • Grapefruit juice may increase drug level • Monitor blood pressure and pulse prior to and during therapy • Monitor intake and output • Assess for signs of CHF • Assess characteristics of angina • Instruct patient of interventions for hypertension and how to take blood pressure
Visit https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Ampicillin
Trade Name Principen
Indication Skin infections, soft tissue infections, otitis media, sinusitis, respiratory infections, GU infections, meningitis, septicemia
Action Bactericidal, broader spectrum than penicillin, binds to cell wall leading to bacterial cell death
Therapeutic Class Anti-infective
Pharmacologic Class Aminopenicillin
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in penicillin allergy, use caution in renal insufficiency • May lead to seizures, diarrhea, anaphylaxis, superinfection • Assess for infection • Monitor liver function tests • Instruct patient on signs of superinfection: furry overgrowth on tongue, vaginal itching, loose and foul smelling stool • Pt should not use with oral contraceptive use.
visit https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds"
Outline Generic Name Amitriptyline
Trade Name Elavil
Indication Depression, anxiety, insomnia, parkinson’s
Action Increases effect of serotonin and norepinephrine in the CNS, exhibits anticholinergic effects
Therapeutic Class Antidepressant
Pharmacologic Class Tricyclic antidepressant
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in MI, heart failure, QT prolongation, glaucoma • May increase risk for suicidal ideation • May cause arrhythmias, hypotension, EKG changes • May cause alterations in blood glucose levels • May lead to general sedation and lethargy • Do not use within 2 weeks of MAOIs • Instruct pt to take medication exactly as instructed • Monitor for orthostatic hypotension • May lead to photosensitivity, instruct patient to use sunscreen • May turn urine blue/green color.
Visit https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Outline Generic Name Amiodarone
Trade Name Cordarone
Indication a-fib, ventricular arrhythmias, SVT, ACLS protocol for v-fib and v-tach
Action Prolongs phase 3 of the action potential, makes the heart more tolerant to arrhythmias, inhibits adrenergic stimulation, slows rate, decreases peripheral vascular resistance causing vasodilation
Therapeutic Class Antiarrhythmic class III, potassium channel blocker
Pharmacologic Class None
Nursing Considerations • May lead to ARDS, pulmonary toxicity, CHF, bradycardia, hypotension • Increases risk for QT prolongation • Increases digoxin levels • Increases activity of warfarin • Monitor EKG continuously while on therapy • Assess for signs and symptoms of ARDS • Monitor liver function test • Check dosage with another RN • Teach pt to monitor pulse daily and report abnormalities • Avoid drinking grapefruit juice
Visit https://nursing.com/140meds for your free+shipping 140 Meds book
Hey guys, let's talk about acyclovir. Also known as Zovirax, acyclovir comes in a tablet form, which you can see here in this picture, but also in a capsule, oral suspension IV, and even a topical ointment. Okay, guys, remember that the therapeutic class is what the drug does to the body and the pharmacologic class is the actual chemical effect that the drug has. So acyclovir is an antiviral medication that helps to slow the growth of viral infections in the body. The pharmacologic class of acyclovir is it is a purine analog, which, long story short, means it blocks the replication of the viral DNA. So, guys, the action of acyclovir is that it interferes with the viral DNA synthesis, meaning it stops the spread of the virus. Acyclovir is used to treat infections that are caused by the herpes virus, like genital or oral herpes, herpes, zoster, or shingles, and varicella, also known as chickenpox. Important: acyclovir will not cure the herpes virus; it only stops the growth and treats the symptoms. So side effects aren't super common with acyclovir, but the ones that we often see are an overall sense of malaise or fatigue, nausea, vomiting, and a headache. So guys remember to assess your patient for renal impairment or seizure disorders because acyclovir can make these issues worse. Use caution in immunocompromised. Patients' doses may need to be altered. Monitor the lesions to see if the treatment is working and remember to teach your patient to use protection with sexual intercourse, and to always take the full dose of the medication. Guys, I once had a patient in a clinic that was under the impression that they would be cured of general herpes after taking acyclovir. Remember to teach your patient that this medication will not cure only help the disease process. That's it for acyclovir or Zovirax. Now go out and be your best self today and as always happy nursing.
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Outline Generic Name Alprazolam
Trade Name Xanax
Indication Anxiety, panic disorder, manage symptoms of PMS, insomnia, mania, psychosis
Action Works in CNS to produce anxiolytic effect causing CNS depression.
Therapeutic Class Antianxiety agent
Pharmacologic Class Benzodiazepine
Nursing Considerations • Use caution with existing CNS depression, sleep apnea, renal dysfunction, hepatic dysfunction. • May cause CNS depression, drowsiness, lethargy • May lead to physical dependence, may experience tolerance effect • Assess anxiety and mental status • Romazicon (flumazenil) is the antidote for overdose • Grapefruit juice may increase blood levels
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds to request your free copy of "140 Must Know Meds" Outline Generic Name Alendronate
Trade Name Fosamax
Indication Osteoporosis (aging, menopause, corticosteroid induced)
Action Inhibits osteoclast activity leading to inhibition of resorption of bone
Therapeutic Class Bone resorption inhibitor
Pharmacologic Class Bisphosphonates
Nursing Considerations • Take first thing in the morning with full glass of water 30 min prior to eating • Assess serum calcium and vitamin D • May lead to muscle pain
Outline Generic Name Albuterol
Trade Name Proventil
Indication Bronchodilator used to prevent airway obstruction in asthma and COPD
Action Binds to Beta2 adrenergic receptors in the airway leading to relaxation of the smooth muscles in the airways
Therapeutic Class Bronchodilator
Pharmacologic Class Adrenergic
Nursing Considerations • May decrease the effectiveness of Beta Blockers • Use caution with ○ Heart disease ○ Diabetes ○ Glaucoma ○ Seizure disorder • Overuse of inhalers can lead to bronchospasm • Monitor for chest pain and palpitations • Can decrease digoxin levels
Visit: https://nursing.com/140meds for your free+shipping 140 Meds book What is the Generic Name Acetaminophen
What is the Trade Name for Acetaminophen Tylenol
What is the Indication for Acetaminophen Pain, fever
What is the Action of Acetaminophen Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins which play a role in transmission of pain signals and fever response
What is the Therapeutic Class of Acetaminophen Antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic
What are the Nursing Considerations for Acetaminophen • Do not exceed 4g of acetaminophen per day to limit risk for liver, renal, and cardiac damage • Overdose will lead to hepatotoxicity • Acetadote is the antidote for overdose • May increase risk for bleed with warfarin therapy • May alter blood glucose measurements
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name warfarin Trade Name Coumadin Indication venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, A-fib, myocardial infarction
Action disrupts liver synthesis of Vitamin K dependent clotting factors
Therapeutic Class Anticoagulant
Pharmacologic Class coumarins
Nursing Considerations • contraindicated with bleeding, severe hypertension • can cause bleeding • aspirin and NSAIDs can increase risk of bleeding • azole antifungals increase effects of warfarin • cimetadine(Tagamet) increases warfarin levels • obtain full history of supplements and herbs • large amounts of vitamin K may antagonize effects of warfarin • assess for signs of bleeding • therapeutic levels: PT 1.3-1.5, INR 2.5-3.5 • instruct patient to report any signs of bleeding • patient should not drink alcohol • bleeding times need to be monitored frequently • vitamin K is antidote
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name verapamil Trade Name Isoptin
Indication hypertension, angina, SVT, migraine
Action prevents transport of calcium, leading to decreased contraction, decreases SA and AV node conduction
Therapeutic Class antianginals, antiarrhythmic, antihypertensive, vascular headache suppressants
Pharmacologic Class Ca Channel Blocker
Nursing Considerations • don’t use with 2nd and 3rd degree heartblock • don’t use with systolic BP < 90 • may cause anxiety, confusion, cough, dyspnea, arrhythmias, CHF, bradycardia, hypotension, elevated liver enzymes, Steven’s Johnson syndrome, hyperglycemia, gingival hyperplasia • grapefruit juice can increase effects • can increase levels of digoxin • monitor heart rhythm, intake and output, blood pressure • assess angina
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name vasopressin Trade Name Pitressin
Indication management of diabetes insipidus, VT/VF unresponsive to initial shock, GI hemorrhage
Action increases water permeability of the kidney’s collecting duct and distal convoluted tubule leading to water retention, also increases peripheral vascular resistance leading to increased BP
Therapeutic Class hormone
Pharmacologic Class antidiuretic hormone
Nursing Considerations • use caution with HF and CV disease • contraindicated in renal failure and hypersensitivity to pork • monitor BP, HR, and EKG during therapy • monitor urine specific gravity and osmolality • weigh patient and assess for edema • monitor electrolyte panel • do not use with alcohol
Generic Name vancomycin Trade Name Vancocin
Indication life threatening infections, sepsis
Action bactericidal, inhibits cell wall synthesis
Therapeutic Class anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class glycopeptides
Nursing Considerations • can cause ototoxicity, nausea, vomiting, nephrotoxicity, anaphylaxis, red-man syndrome • assess for infection • obtain culture prior to initiating therapy • monitor blood pressure • dose dependent draw serum trough levels frequently • administer over at least 60 minutes to avoid skin irritation
Generic Name metoprolol Trade Name Lopressor, Toprol XL
Indication tachyarrhythmias, HTN, angina, prevention of MI, heart failure management, may be used for migraine prophylaxis
Action blocks the stimulation of beta1 receptors in the SNS, does not usually effect on beta2 receptors (cardioselective)
Therapeutic Class antianginal, antihypertensive
Pharmacologic Class beta blocker
Nursing Considerations • monitor hemodynamics • may lead to bradycardia, pulmonary edema • use caution with MAOIs • assess I&Os and monitor for signs of CHF
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name tetracycline Trade Name Doxycycline
Indication treatment of infection, gonorrhea and syphilis with penicillin allergy, chronic bronchitis
Action bacteriostatic by inhibiting protein synthesis
Therapeutic Class anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Tetracyclines
Nursing Considerations • use caution with liver impairment • may cause pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, photosensitivity, rash • may increase effects of warfarin • assess for infection • obtain culture prior to initiating therapy • monitor renal and liver labs • instruct patient to complete entire dose
Generic Name terbutaline Trade Name Brethine, Brethaire
Indication asthma, COPD, preterm labor
Action produces smooth muscle relaxation, bronchodilator, and inhibits hypersensitivity reactions
Therapeutic Class bronchodilators
Pharmacologic Class adrenergics
tocolytics
Nursing Considerations • may cause nervousness, restlessness, tremors • beta blockers can reduce effect • assess respiratory status • monitor maternal/fetal vital signs if using for preterm labor • monitor for hypoglycemia • may cause decreased potassium level
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name Ferrous sulfate Trade Name Feosol
Indication Prevention and treatment of iron-deficiency anemia
Action Iron is essential for hemoglobin, myoglobin and enzymes, it is transported to organs where it becomes part of iron stores
Therapeutic Class Antianemics
Pharmacologic Class Iron supplements
Nursing Considerations • May cause seizures, hypotension, constipation, epigastric pain, diarrhea, skin staining, anaphylaxis • Assess nutritional status, bowel function • Monitor hemoglobin, hematocrit, iron levels • May cause elevated liver enzymes • Take on an empty stomach to increase absorption/vitamin c helps with absorption • Use z-track for IM injections
Generic Name trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole Trade Name Bactrim/TMP-SMZ Indication bronchitis, UTI, diarrhea, pneumonia, multiple types of infection
Action bacteriacidal by preventing metabolism of folic acid
Therapeutic Class anti-infectives, antiprotozoals
Pharmacologic Class folate antagonists, sulfonamides
Nursing Considerations • may cause renal damage, Steven Johnsons Syndrome – rash, pseudomembranous colitis, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, rash, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, phlebitis • contraindicated with sulfa allergies • monitor CBC • obtain cultures prior to initiating therapy • monitor intake and output • instruct patient to complete dose • drink 8-10 glasses of water
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name sucralfate Trade Name Carafate
Indication management of GI ulcers, GI injury prevention from high dose aspirin and NSAID treatment
Action reacts with gastric acid to form a paste that adheres to ulcer
Therapeutic Class antiulcer agent
Pharmacologic Class GI protectant
Nursing Considerations • use caution in renal failure patients • concurrent use of antacids may decrease the effect of sucralfate – administer 30 min before or after • administer on empty stomach 1 hour before meals
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name streptokinase Trade Name Streptase
Indication pulmonary embolism, DVT, occluded lines, arterial thrombus
Action converts plasminogen to plasmin which degrades fibrin clots
Therapeutic Class Thrombolytic
Pharmacologic Class plasminogen activators
Nursing Considerations • contraindicated with active bleeding, hypersensitivity, bronchospasm, intracranial hemorrhage, hypotension • begin therapy as soon as possible • monitor vital signs continuously • monitor closely for bleeding • monitor hemodynamics • avoid invasive procedures
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name spironolactone Trade Name Aldactone
Indication potassium loss, hypertension, edema, CHF
Action inhibits sodium reabsorption while sparing potassium and hydrogen
Therapeutic Class Diuretics
Pharmacologic Class potassium sparing diuretics
Nursing Considerations • contraindicated with hyperkalemia • monitor intake and output • monitor blood pressure • monitor potassium levels and renal panel
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name sertraline Trade Name Zoloft
Indication major depressive disorder, OCD, anxiety
Action inhibits uptake of serotonin allowing for higher quantities available within synaptic cleft
Therapeutic Class Antidepressant
Pharmacologic Class SSRI
Nursing Considerations • do not use with MAOIs • can cause neurolyptic malignant syndrome, suicidal thoughts, drowsiness, insomnia, diarrhea, dry mouth, tremors, serotonin syndrome, sexual dysfunction • monitor mood changes in patient • takes 1-4 weeks for therapy to be effective.
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name salmeterol Trade Name Serevent Indication reversible airway obstruction, exercise induced asthma
Action bronchodilation through stimulation of beta 2 adrenergic receptors
Therapeutic Class bronchodilators
Pharmacologic Class adrenergics
Nursing Considerations • instruct patient to avoid excessive use • can cause headache palpitations tachycardia, abdominal pain, paradoxical bronchospasm • beta blockers and decrease effectiveness • assess respiratory status • may increase glucose levels • always take bronchodialtor first
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name rifampin Trade Name Rimactane
Indication tuberculosis
Action inhibits RNA synthesis
Therapeutic Class Antitubercular
Pharmacologic Class rifamycins
Nursing Considerations • can turn body fluids red • may cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, confusion • assess lung sounds and sputum characteristics • evaluate renal and liver function tests • instruct patient not to skip or double dose • must complete entire dose (6-12 month therapy)
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name ranitidine Trade Name Zantac
Indication duodenal ulcers, GERD, heartburn, esophagitis, GI bleed
Action inhibits action of histamine in gastric parietal cells, decreases gastric acid secretion
Therapeutic Class antiulcer agents
Pharmacologic Class histamine H2 antagonists
Nursing Considerations • may cause arrhythmias, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, confusion • assess abdominal pain • monitor for blood in stool • monitor CBC
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name quetiapine Trade Name Seroquel
Indication schizophrenia, depressive disorder, mania
Action dopamine and serotonin antagonist
Therapeutic Class antipsychotic, mood stabilizers
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • may cause neurolyptic malignant syndrome, seizures, dizziness, palpitations, weight gain, anorexia • QT interval prolongation • don’t use with CNS depressants • assess weight frequently • monitor liver function test and CBC • may increase cholesterol
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name propylthiouracil Trade Name PTU
Indication hyperthyroidism
Action inhibits thyroid hormones
Therapeutic Class Antithyroid Agent
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • hepatotoxicity, nausea, vomiting, agranulocytosis • monitor symptoms of hyperthyroidism • monitor for hypothyroidism • monitor WBC and liver function tests • weight patient frequently • may cause leukopenia, thrombocytopenia, jaundice • take with meals
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name propranolol Trade Name Inderal
Indication hypertension, angina, arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, alcohol withdrawal, anxiety
Action blocks Beta 1 and 2 adrenergic receptors
Therapeutic Class antianginal, antiarrhythimic (class II beta blockers), antihypertensive, headache suppressant
Pharmacologic Class beta blocker
Nursing Considerations • contraindicated in CHF, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, bradycardia, heart block • monitor hemodynamic parameters (HR, BP) • may cause bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema • masks symptoms of hypoglycemia associated with diabetes mellitus • advise to change positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension • instruct patient on how to take blood pressure • stopping abruptly may result in life threatening arrhythmias • monitor daily intake and output • advise patient to notify physician for difficulty breathing
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name propofol Trade Name Diprivan
Indication anesthesia, induction, sedation,
Action hypnotic, produces amnesia with no analgesic properties
Therapeutic Class general anesthetic
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • use cautiously with CVD, lipid disorder, increased ICP • can cause apnea, bradycardia, hypotension • burning and pain at insertion site • can turn urine green • assess respiratory status and hemodynamics • maintain patent airway • assess level of sedation
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name Promethazine Trade Name Phenergan
Indication allergic reactions, nausea and vomiting, sedation
Action Blocks the effects of histamine, histamine plays a role in the immune response. Plays an inhibitory role on the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the medulla leading to an antiemetic effect. Possess anticholinergic properties producing CNS depression.
Therapeutic Class antiemetic, antihistamine, sedative/hypnotic
Pharmacologic Class phenothiazine
Nursing Considerations • IV administration may cause damage to tissue, hypertension, impaired liver function • monitor for neuroleptic malignant syndrome, confusion, sedation • may cause CNS depression • assess sedation level and anticholinergic effects
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name procainamide Indication wide variety ventricular and atrial arrhythmias, PAC, PVC, VTach, post cardioversion Action decreases excitability and slows conduction velocity through the heart
Therapeutic Class antiarrhythmic (Class IA Na Channel Blocker)
Nursing Considerations • may cause ventricular arrhythmias, seizure, asystole, heart block • monitor EKG continuously may cause widening of QRS complex • may cause hypotension keep patient supine • monitor for signs of agranulocytosis monitor CBC frequently • can cause drug induced lupus syndrome
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name phenytoin Trade Name Dilantin
Indication tonic clonic seizures, arrhythmias, neuropathic pain
Action interferes with ion transport, shortens action potentials and decreases automaticity blocks sustained high frequency repetitive firing of action potentials.
Therapeutic Class antiarrhythmics, anticonvulsants
Pharmacologic Class hydantoins
Nursing Considerations • monitor serum phenytoin levels • therapeutic levels 10-20 mcg/mL • use cautiously in all patients • can cause suicidal thoughts, ataxia, extrapyramidal symptoms, hypotension, tachycardia, arrhythmias, gingival hyperplasia, nausea, rash, drug induced hepatitis, agranulocytosis, Steven’s Johnson syndrome • concurrent administration of enteral feedings may decrease absorption • monitor for hypersensitivity • assess seizures • assess hemodynamics
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name phenazopyridine Trade Name Pyridium
Indication urological pain
Action provides analgesia to the urinary tract mucosa
Therapeutic Class nonopioid analgesics
Pharmacologic Class urinary tract analgesics
Nursing Considerations • will turn urine red or orange • may cause headache, vertigo, hepatic toxicity • monitor renal function
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name paroxetine Trade Name Paxil
Indication major depressive disorder, OCD, anxiety, PTSD
Action block reuptake of serotonin in CNS
Therapeutic Class antianxiety agent, antidepressant
Pharmacologic Class SSRI
Nursing Considerations • do not use with MAOIs • can cause neurolyptic malignant syndrome, suicidal thoughts, serotonin syndrome, constipation, diarrhea, insomnia • decrease effectiveness of digoxin • increase bleeding with warfarin • assess for suicidal thoughts
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name pantoprazole Trade Name Protonix Indication GERD, heartburn, reduce the risk of GI bleed in critically ill patients
Action prevents the transport of H ions into the gastric lumen by binding to gastric parietal cells, ↓ gastric acid production
Therapeutic Class antiulcer agents
Pharmacologic Class proton-pump inhibitors
Nursing Considerations • can cause hyperglycemia, abdominal pain • decreases absorption of certain drugs • may increase bleeding with warfarin • assess for occult blood • assess liver enzymes • assess symptoms of heart burn • administer slowly via IV push
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name Pancrelipase Trade Name Creon
Indication pancreatic insufficiency, ductal obstruction
Action replacement of pancreatic enzymes: lipase, amylase, protease
Therapeutic Class digestive agent
Pharmacologic Class pancreatic enzyme
Nursing Considerations • contraindicated with pig products allergy • can cause shortness of breath, nausea, diarrhea, rash • assess nutritional status • monitor for steatorrhea • may increase uric acid levels • instruct patient to follow diet • take with meals and snacks
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name oxytocin Trade Name Pitocin
Indication labor induction, postpartum bleeding
Action stimulates uterine smooth muscle
Therapeutic Class hormones
Pharmacologic Class oxytocics
Nursing Considerations • can cause ICH in fetus • can cause asphyxia in fetus • may cause coma and seizures in mother • may cause painful contractions • assess fetus • assess contractions • monitor blood pressure • assess maternal electrolytes • may cause uterine tetany
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name oxycodone Trade Name Oxycontin
Indication pain
Action binds to opiate receptors in CNS altering the perception and sensation of pain
Therapeutic Class Opioid Analgesic
Pharmacologic Class opioid agonists, opioid agonists/nonopioid, analgesic combinations
Nursing Considerations • may cause respiratory depression, constipation, confusion , sedation, hallucinations, urinary retention • use caution with increased intracranial pressure • don’t use with MAOIs • assess hemodynamics • assess pain • may elevate pancreatic enzymes • can cause physical dependence • assess bowel function
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name ondansetron Trade Name Zofran
Indication nausea/vomiting
Action blocks effects of serotonin on vagal nerve and CNS
Therapeutic Class antiemetic
Pharmacologic Class 5-HT3 antagonist
Nursing Considerations • administer slowly over 2-5 minutes – fatal QT prolongation and VTach, respiratory arrest • may cause headache, constipation, diarrhea, dry mouth • asses nausea and vomiting • assess for extrapyramidal symptoms • monitor liver function tests
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name omeprazole
Trade Name Prilosec
Indication GERD, ulcers, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome, reduce the risk of GI bleed in critically ill patients, heart burn
Action prevents the transport of H ions into the gastric lumen by binding to gastric parietal cells, ↓ gastric acid production
Therapeutic Class antiulcer agent
Pharmacologic Class proton-pump inhibitor
Nursing Considerations • take 30-60 minutes prior to eating
• capsules should be swallowed whole
• instruct patient to report black tarry stool
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name olanzapine
Trade Name Zyprexa
Indication schizophrenia, mania, depression, anorexia nervosa, nausea/vomiting related to chemotherapy
Action antagonizes dopamine and serotonin
Therapeutic Class antipsychotic, mood stabilizers
Pharmacologic Class thienobenzodiazepines
Nursing Considerations • do not use while breastfeeding
• can cause neurolyptic malignant syndrome, seizures, suicidal thoughts, insomnia, tardive
dyskinesia, agranulocytosis, constipation, tremors
• assess mental status
• monitor hemodynamics
• assess blood sugars
• assess intake and output
• monitor liver function tests
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name nystatin Trade Name Mycostatin
Indication candidiasis, denture stomatitis
Action causes leakage of fungal cell contents
Therapeutic Class Antifungal
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • may cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting
• can be used to soak dentures
• assess mucus membrane
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/NorepinephrineLevophedNursingConsiderations Generic Name norepinephrine
Trade Name Levophed
Indication treatment of severe hypotension and shock
Action increase blood pressure and cardiac output by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors in the blood vessels, demonstrates minor beta activity
Therapeutic Class vasopressor
Nursing Considerations * monitor BP continuously if possible or every couple of minutes * double check all concentrations with additional nurse * may result in rebound hypotension due to tissue ischemia when discontinued * monitor EKG and CVP * if patient is awake instruct them to report headaches, dizziness, or chest pain
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/NitroprussideNitropressNursingConsiderations Generic Name nitroprusside
Trade Name Nitropress
Indication hypertensive crisis, cardiogenic shock
Action peripheral vasodilation of arteries and veins decreasing preload and afterload
Therapeutic Class antihypertensive
Pharmacologic Class vasodilator
Nursing Considerations • monitor HR, BP, and EKG continuously during therapy
• may cause cyanide toxicity
• sympathomimetics may decrease effectiveness
• PAOP monitoring may help with MI and CHF patients
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/NifedipineProcardiaNursingConsiderations Generic Name nifedipine
Trade Name Procardia
Indication hypertension, angina, migraines, CHF
Action blocks calcium transport resulting in inhibition of contraction causing systemic vasodilatation
Therapeutic Class antianginals, antihypertensives
Pharmacologic Class Ca Channel Blocker
Nursing Considerations • use caution in heart block, decreased blood pressure
• don’t consume grapefruit juice while taking medication
• may cause arrhythmias
• may cause elevated liver function tests
• may cause gingival hyperplasia, Steven’s Johnson syndrome
• monitor blood pressure and pulse
• monitor calcium levels
• instruct patient on taking heart rate and blood pressure
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/NaproxenAleveNursingConsiderations Generic Name naproxen
Trade Name Aleve
Indication pain, dysmenorrhea, fever, inflammation
Action inhibits prostaglandin synthesis
Therapeutic Class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, nonopioid analgesics, antipyretics
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • use caution with GI bleeding
• may increase risk for stroke and MI
• can cause GI bleeding, anaphylaxis, Steven’s Johnson syndrome
• aspirin can decrease blood levels and effectiveness
• assess pain
• patients should remain up-right for 30 minutes after administration
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/NalbuphineNubainNursingConsiderations Generic Name nalbuphine
Trade Name Nubain
Indication pain, analgesia during labor, sedation before surgery, supplement to balance anesthesia
Action alters perception and response to pain, causes CNS depression
Therapeutic Class Opioid Analgesic
Pharmacologic Class opioid agonists/analgesics
Nursing Considerations • use caution with head trauma
• can cause dizziness, headache, nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression
• do not use with MAOIs
• assess pain
• may cause respiratory depression in newborn
• asses hemodynamic parameters
• may elevate pancreatic enzymes
• Narcan (naloxone) is the antidote
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/MorphineMSContinNursingConsiderations Generic Name morphine
Trade Name MS Contin
Indication pain, pulmonary edema, MI
Action Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS and alters perception of pain while producing a general depression of the CNS.
Therapeutic Class opioid analgesic
Pharmacologic Class opioid agonist
Nursing Considerations • may cause alterations in mentation, hypotension, constipation, nausea, vomiting
• assess BP, pulse, and respiratory rate prior to administration and frequently during administration
• use caution if patient is receiving MAO Inhibitors
• Narcan (naloxone) is the antidote for opioid agonists
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/MontelukastSingulairNursingConsiderations Generic Name montelukast
Trade Name Singulair
Indication prevent or treat asthma, manage seasonal allergies, prevent exercise-induced bronchoconstriction
Action disrupts the effects of leukotrienes which effect airway edema, smooth muscle constriction, and cellular activity
Therapeutic Class allergy, cold, and cough remedies, bronchodilators
Pharmacologic Class Leukotriene Antagonist
Nursing Considerations • assess respiratory status
• assess liver function tests
• medication does not treat acute asthma attacks
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/MidazolamVersedNursingConsiderations Generic Name midazolam
Trade Name Versed
Indication sedation, conscious sedation, anesthesia, status epilepticus
Action acts to produce CNS depression, may be mediated by GABA
Therapeutic Class antianxiety agent, sedative/hypnotics
Pharmacologic Class Benzodiazepine
Nursing Considerations • assess level of sedation during and for 2-6 hours following
• monitor blood pressure, pulse, respirations during IV administration
• may lead to apnea, cardiac arrest, respiratory depression
• antidote for overdose is Romazicon (flumazenil)
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/MetronidazoleFlagylNursingConsiderations Generic Name metronidazole Trade Name Flagyl
Indication intra-abdominal infections, gynecoligical infections, skin infections, bone and joint infections, CNS
infections, septicemia, endocarditis, amebic liver abscess, peptic ulcer disease
Action Inhibits DNA and protein synthesis in bacteria, bactericidal
Therapeutic Class anti-infectives, antiprotozoals, antiulcer agents
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • do not take with alcohol-disulfiram reaction
• assess for infection before and during treatment
• obtain cultures before therapy
• monitor neurologic status: parasthesia, weakness, ataxia, or seizures
• monitor intake and output, daily weights
• may alter liver enzyme tests
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/MetoclopramideReglanNursingConsiderations Generic Name metoclopramide
Trade Name Reglan
Indication prevention of nausea, vomiting, hiccups, migraines, gastric stasis
Action accelerates gastric emptying by stimulating motility
Therapeutic Class antiemetic
Pharmacologic Class Dopamine D2 receptor antagonist, prokinetic
Nursing Considerations • do not use with GI obstruction
• may cause extrapyramidal reaction, neurolyptic malignant syndrome, tardive dyskinesia,
arrhythmias, blood pressure alterations, hematologic alterations, facial movements, sedation
• can decrease effects of levodopa
• assess nausea/vomiting
• monitor liver function tests
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/MethylphenidateConcertaNursingConsiderations Generic Name methylphenidate
Trade Name Ritalin, Concerta
Indication ADHD, narcolepsy
Action improves attention span in ADHD by producing CNS stimulation
Therapeutic Class central nervous system stimulant
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • can cause sudden death, hypertension, palpitations, anorexia, hyperactivity, insomnia
• may decrease effects of Warfarin and Phenytoin
• do not use with MAOIs
• monitor cardiovascular system
• monitor for behavioral changes
• monitor for dependence
• do not consume caffeinated beverages
“Drug Holiday” used to assess dependence and status
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/MethylergonovineMethergineNursingConsiderations Generic Name methylergonovine Trade Name Methergine
Indication treatment of post-partum hemorrhage
Action stimulates uterine muscles causing uterine contraction
Therapeutic Class oxytocic
Pharmacologic Class ergot alkaloids
Nursing Considerations • can cause hypertension, cramps, nausea, vomiting, dyspnea
• monitor BP, heart rate, uterine response
• assess calcium levels – effectiveness ↓ with hypocalcemia
• monitor uterine bleeding and notify physician of any changes
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/MethadoneMethadoseNursingConsiderations Generic Name methadone Trade Name Mathadose
Indication withdrawal symptoms, pain
Action Suppresses withdrawal symptoms. Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS and alters perception of pain while producing a general depression of the CNS. This depression also causes a decrease in the cough reflex and GI motility.
Therapeutic Class opioid analgesic
Pharmacologic Class opioid agonist
Nursing Considerations • use caution if patient is receiving MAO Inhibitors
• may cause QT prolongation, hypotension, respiratory depression, dependence, confusion, sedation
• assess pain, vital signs, bowel function
• may increase pancreatic enzyme levels
• assess withdrawal symptoms
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/MetforminGlucophageNursingConsiderations Generic Name metformin
Trade Name Glucophage
Indication management of Type II DM, PCOS
Action decreases glucose production in the liver, decreases absorption, increases cellular insulin sensitivity
Therapeutic Class Antidiabetic
Pharmacologic Class Biguanide
Nursing Considerations • do not use with renal dysfunction, metabolic acidosis
• may cause diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, lactic acidosis
• monitor patient closely for ketoacidosis and lactic acidosis, discontinue medication immediately
if acidotic
• may cause metallic taste
• instruct patient that medication does not cure diabetes
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/MeperidineDemerolNursingConsiderations Generic Name meperidine
Trade Name Demerol
Indication moderate to severe pain, sedation
Action Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS and alters perception of pain while producing a general depression of the CNS.
Therapeutic Class Opioid Analgesic
Pharmacologic Class opioid agonists
Nursing Considerations • may cause alterations in mentation, hypotension, constipation, nausea, vomiting
• assess BP, pulse, and respiratory rate prior to administration and frequently during
administration
• use caution if patient is receiving MAOIs
• Narcan (naloxone) is the antidote for opioid agonists
• can cause seizure
• may increase pancreatic enzyme levels
• assess bowel function
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/MannitolOsmitrolNursingConsiderations Generic Name mannitol
Trade Name Osmitrol
Indication increased ICP, oliguric renal failure, edema, increased intraocular pressure
Action inhibits reabsorption of water and electrolytes by increasing osmotic pressure, excreted by kidneys
Therapeutic Class diuretic
Pharmacologic Class osmotic diuretic
Nursing Considerations • may cause phlebitis at IV site
• may cause dehydration, fluid and electrolyte imbalances
• monitor neuro status
• administer via a filter
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/MagnesiumSulfateNursingConsiderations Generic Name magnesium sulfate
Trade Name MgSO4
Indication treatment of hypomagnesaemia, hypertension, preterm labor, torsade de pointes, asthma, anticonvulsant with eclampsia
Action magnesium plays a role in muscle excitability
Therapeutic Class mineral and electrolyte replacements/supplements
Pharmacologic Class minerals/electrolytes
Nursing Considerations * use caution with renal insufficiency * may cause decreased respiratory rate, arrythmias, hypotension, muscle weakness * monitor EKG and respiratory status * monitor Mg levels * ensure dosage with secondary practitioner * Calcium gluconate is the antidote + Magnesium toxicity results in respiratory depression and loss of deep tendon reflexes
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/LosartanCozaarNursingConsiderations Generic Name losartan
Trade Name Cozaar
Indication hypertension, DM neuropathy, CHF
Action inhibits vasoconstrictive properties of angiotensin II
Therapeutic Class antihypertensives
Pharmacologic Class angiotensin II receptor antagonist
Nursing Considerations • may cause hypotension, tacycardia, angiodema, hyperkalemia
• may increase digoxin levels
• assess blood pressure and heart rate
• assess fluid levels
• monitor daily weights with CHF
• monitor renal and liver
• instruct patient on how to take blood pressure
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/LorazepamAtivanNursingConsiderations Generic Name lorazepam
Trade Name Ativan
Indication anxiety, sedation, seizures
Action general CNS depression by potentiating inhibitory neurotransmitters
Therapeutic Class anesthetic adjuncts, antianxiety agents, sedative hypnotics
Pharmacologic Class Benzodiazepine
Nursing Considerations • use caution with COPD and sleep apnea
• avoid alcohol use
• antidote is Flumazenil (Romazicon)
• may cause apnea, cardiac arrest, bradycardia, hypotension
• use caution with other CNS depressants
• administer slowly and dilute to decrease complications
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/LoperamideImodiumNursingConsiderations Generic Name loperamide
Trade Name Imodium
Indication acute diarrhea, decrease drainage post ileostomy
Action inhibits peristalsis, reduces the volume of feces while increasing the bulk and viscosity
Therapeutic Class antidiarrheal
Nursing Considerations • may lead to constipation – insure proper use
• assess bowel function
• assess fluid and electrolyte levels
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/LithiumLithonateNursingConsiderations Generic Name lithium
Trade Name Lithizine
Indication mania
Action alters cation transport and neurotransmitter reuptake
Therapeutic Class Mood Stabilizer
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • do not administer with NSAIDs
• monitor drug blood levels frequently
• may cause seizures, arrhythmias, fatigue, confusion, nausea, anorexia, hypothyroidism, tremors
• Ace Inhibitors may increase serum levels
• instruct patient to maintain adequate fluid intake
• therapeutic level: 0.5-1.5 mEq/L
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/LisinoprilPrinivilNursingConsiderations Generic Name lisinopril
Trade Name Prinivil
Indication hypertension, management of CHF
Action block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, increases renin levels and decreases aldosterone
leading to vasodilation
Therapeutic Class antihypertensives
Pharmacologic Class ACE Inhibitor
Nursing Considerations • dry cough
• first dose hypotension
• use cautiously with potassium supplements and potassium sparing diuretics
• use cautiously with diuretic therapy
• administer 1 hour before meals
• monitor blood pressure often
• monitor weight and fluid status
• monitor renal profile
• monitor liver function tests
• may cause angioedema
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name levofloxacin Trade Name Levaquin
Indication urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, respiratory tract infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, skin and bone
infections
Action inhibits DNA synthesis in bacteria
Therapeutic Class Anti-infective
Pharmacologic Class fluoroquinolone
Nursing Considerations • contraindicated in allergies
• may cause QT prolongation, avoid use with other drugs that can cause QT prolongation
• can cause seizures, arrhythmias, pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis, Stevens Johnson
syndrome
• increases the risk for tendinitis or tendon rupture
• may decrease plasma concentration of phenytoin
• monitor renal panel
• assess for infection, obtain cultures prior to therapy
• monitor liver function tests
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/LevodopaSinemetNursingConsiderations Generic Name Carbidopa/levodopa
Trade Name Sinemet
Indication Parkinson’s disease
Action Levodopa is converted to dopamine and works as a neurotransmitter, carbidopa
prevents the destruction of levodopa allowing it to cross the blood brain barrier
Therapeutic Class Antiparkinson agent
Pharmacologic Class Dopamine Agonist
Nursing Considerations • May cause orthostatic hypotension
• May cause dark urine
• Weeks to months to take effect
• Do not use with MAOIs
• Do not use with glaucoma, melanoma
• Assess for parkinsonian symptoms
• Instruct patient to take as directed
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/LevetiracetamKeppraNursingConsiderations Generic Name levetiracetam
Trade Name Keppra
Indication Seizures
Action decreases severity and incidence of seizures by inhibiting presynaptic calcium channels and reducing neurotransmitter realease
Therapeutic Class anticonvulsants
Pharmacologic Class pyrrolidines
Nursing Considerations • May cause suicidal thoughts, dizziness, weakness
• May alter RBC, WBC, and liver function
• May cause somnolence
• Should be infused over 15 minutes
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/IodineNursingConsiderations Generic Name radioactive iodine
Trade Name none
Indication thyroidectomy pretreatment, thyrotoxic crisis, radiation exposure
Action inhibits the release of thyroid hormones
Therapeutic Class Antithyroid Agent, control of hyperthyroidism
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • may cause GI bleeding, diarrhea, hypothyroidism, goiter
• monitor for hypersensitivity
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/HeparinHep-LockNursingConsiderations Generic Name heparin
Trade Name Hep-Lock
Indication Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis and treatment, low dose used to ensure patency of IV catheters
Action increases the inhibitory effect of antithrombin on factor Xa
Therapeutic Class anticoagulant
Pharmacologic Class antithrombotic
Nursing Considerations • monitor for signs of bleeding
• monitor platelet count
• may cause hyperkalemia
• have patient report any signs of bleeding
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/LamotrigineLamictalNursingConsiderations Generic Name lamotrigine
Trade Name Lamictal
Indication seizures r/t epilepsy, bipolar
Action Inhibits sodium transport in neurons
Therapeutic Class anticonvulsant
Nursing Considerations • may cause suicidal thoughts, dizziness, behavior changes, nausea, vomiting, photosensitivity,
rash, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
• use caution with oral contraceptive use
• assess mental status
• assess for seizures
• do not discontinue use abruptly
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/LactuloseGenerlacNursingConsiderations Generic Name lactulose
Trade Name Kristalose
Indication Constipation, portal-systemic encephalopathy
Action draws water into the stool and softens stool, inhibits ammonia passing into the colon
Therapeutic Class laxative
Pharmacologic Class osmotic
Nursing Considerations • use caution with DM
• may cause cramps, abdominal distention, hyperglycemia
• assess mental status, ammonia levels, abdominal distention
• patient should average 2-3 bowel movements per day
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/KetorolacToradolNursingConsiderations Generic Name ketorolac
Trade Name Toradol
Indication pain
Action pain relief due to prostaglandin inhibition by blocking of the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX)
Therapeutic Class nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents, nonopioid analgesics
Pharmacologic Class pyrroziline carboxylic acid
Nursing Considerations • may cause GI bleeding, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome, anaphylaxis, drowsiness
• should not exceed 5 days of therapy
• bleeding risk increased with garlic, ginger, and ginkgo
• may decrease effectiveness of hypertensive medications and diuretics
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/IsoniazidNiazidNursingConsiderations Generic Name isoniazide
Trade Name INH
Indication tuberculosis
Action Inhibits synthesis of mycobacterial cell wall
Therapeutic Class Antitubercular
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • can cause jaundice
• may cause peripheral neuropathy, seizures, hepatitis
• patient should avoid high amounts of tyramine (pickled meats, aged/smoked meats, alcohol, exotic/aged cheese)
• monitor liver function tests
• complete full course of therapy (6-12 months)
• often used in combination with Rifampin
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/IndomethacinIndocinNursingConsiderations Generic Name indomethacin
Trade Name Indocin
Indication Inflammatory disorders when patients do not respond to other medications
Action Decreases pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis
Therapeutic Class antirheumatics, ductus arteriosus patency adjuncts (IV only), nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • monitor for hepatitis and GI bleeding
• monitor for dizziness, drowsiness, and headache
• assess for anaphylactic reaction
• aspirin may decrease effectiveness
• monitor renal labs
• shake suspension before administration
• patient should wear sunscreen and protective clothing to protect against photosensitivity
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/IbuprofenMotrinNursingConsiderations Generic Name ibuprofen
Trade Name Advil / Motrin
Indication Mild to moderate pain, inflammatory states
Action Decreases pain and inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandins
Therapeutic Class antipyretics, antirheumatics, nonopioid analgesics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
Pharmacologic Class nonopioid analgesics
Nursing Considerations • may cause GI bleeding, hepatitis, Stevens-Johnson Syndrome
• may cause anaphylaxis
• monitor for headache, nausea, vomiting, constipation
• therapy should be discontinued after first sign of rash
• monitor renal and liver labs
• patient should avoid using alcohol
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/HydromorphoneDilaudidNursingConsiderations Generic Name hydromorphone
Trade Name Dilaudid
Indication moderate to severe pain
Action alters the perception and reaction to pain by binding to opiate receptors in the CNS, also suppresses the cough reflex
Therapeutic Class Opioid Analgesic, allergy, cold and cough remedies, antitussive
Pharmacologic Class opioid agonist
Nursing Considerations • Assess BP, respirations, and pulse before and during administration – medication causes general
CNS depression
• Narcan (nalaxone) is the antidote for overdose
• use caution with concurrent use of MAOI – avoid use within 14 days of each other
• may be used as an antitussive
• advised to dilute with NS prior to administration and to administer slowly to decrease CNS
depression
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/HydrochlorothiazideHydrodiurilNursingConsiderations Generic Name hydrochlorothiazide
Trade Name HydroDiuril
Indication Hypertension, CHF, renal dysfunction, cirrhosis, glucocorticoid therapy
Action Increases sodium and water excretion and produces arterial vasodilation
Therapeutic Class antihypertensives, diuretics
Pharmacologic Class thiazide diuretics
Nursing Considerations • May cause dizziness, hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hypophosphatemia, hypomagnesemia,
dehydration
• Hypokalemia can increase risk for digoxin toxicity
• Monitor blood pressure and intake and output
• Monitor electrolyte levels
• Patient should take medication at the same time each day even if feeling better
• Instruct patient on how to take blood pressure
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/HydralazineApresolineNursingConsiderations Generic Name hydralazine
Trade Name Apresoline
Indication hypertension
Action arterial vasodilation by unclarified mechanism
Therapeutic Class anti-hypertensive
Pharmacologic Class vasodilator
Nursing Considerations • may cause tachycardia, sodium retention, arrhythmias, angina
• use caution with MAOIs
• monitor blood pressure
• instruct patient on how to take blood pressure
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/HaloperidolHaldolNursingConsiderations Generic Name haloperidol
Trade Name Haldol
Indication Schizophrenia, mania, aggressive and agitated patient
Action Alters the effect of dopamine
Therapeutic Class Antipsychotic
Pharmacologic Class butyrophenones
Nursing Considerations • extrapyramidal symptoms, tardive dyskinesia
• use caution in QT prolongation
• may cause seizures, constipation, dry mouth, agranulosytosis
• assess for hallucinations
• monitor hemodynamics
• monitor for neuroleptic malignant syndrome (fever, muscular rigidity, altered mental status, and
autonomic dysfunction)
• monitor CBC with differential
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/GuaifenesinMucinexNursingConsiderations Generic Name guaifenesin
Trade Name Mucinex
Indication Cough suppression, expectorant
Action Decreases viscosity of and mobilizes secretions
Therapeutic Class allergy, cold and cough remedies, expectorant
Pharmacologic Class none
Nursing Considerations • patient should avoid over the counter cold medications
• assess lung sounds
• maintain adequate fluid intake
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/GlucagonGlucagenNursingConsiderations Generic Name glucagon
Trade Name GlucaGen
Indication severe hypoglycemia, antidote for beta blockers and calcium channel blockers
Action stimulates production of glucose from stores, relaxes GI tract
Therapeutic Class hormones
Pharmacologic Class pancreatics
Nursing Considerations • may cause anaphylaxis
• may cause hypotension
• assess for signs of hypoglycemia, neuro status
• monitor serum glucose levels
• teach patient signs of hypoglycemia
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/GlipizideGlucotrolNursingConsiderations Generic Name Glipizide
Trade Name Glucotrol
Indication Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Action Stimulates release of insulin from the beta cells in the pancreases and leads to increased sensitivity to insulin
Therapeutic Class Anti-diabetic
Pharmacologic Class Sulfonylureas
Nursing Considerations • May cause aplastic anemias, hypoglycemia, photosensitivity, dizziness,
drowsiness, headache, diarrhea
• Monitor CBC, assess for allergy to sulfonamides
• Beta blockers may increase signs of hypoglycemia
• Instruct patient on how to check blood sugars and
• Instruct patient on importance of carrying source of sugar in case of
hypoglycemia
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/GentamicinGaramycinNursingConsiderations Generic Name Gentamicin
Trade Name Cidomycin
Indication Treatment of gram negative infections when penicillin is ineffective
Action Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Therapeutic Class Anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Aminoglycoside
Nursing Considerations • Causes tinnitus-hearing loss/do not administer with penicillin
• Use caution in renal impairment
• Assess for infection
• Obtain cultures prior to therapy
• Monitor liver function tests
• Monitor blood levels of drug
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/GabapentinNeurontinNursingConsiderations Generic Name Gabapentin
Trade Name Neurontin
Indication Seizures, peripheral neuropathy, neuropathic pain, prevention of migraines
Action Exact method of action unknown, may play a role in stabilizing neural membranes
Therapeutic Class Analgesic adjuncts, anticonvulsants, mood stabilizers
Pharmacologic Class None
Nursing Considerations • May cause suicidal thoughts, confusion, depression, drowsiness, ataxia, facial
edema, hypertension
• Monitor pt closely for changes in behavior and depression
• Assess seizure activity
• Assess pain level
• Patient should take medications exactly as prescribed
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/FurosemideLasixNursingConsiderations Generic Name Furosemide
Trade Name Lasix
Indication Edema, hypertension
Action Prevents reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the kidneys, increase excretion of
water, sodium, chloride, magnesium, potassium
Therapeutic Class Diuretics
Pharmacologic Class Loop diuretics
Nursing Considerations • Use caution with liver disease
• May cause hypotension, dry mouth, excessive urination, dehydration,
electrolyte abnormalities, metabolic alkalosis
• Hypokalemia may lead to increase risk of digoxin toxicity
• Monitor renal panel
• Use caution with other antihypertensives
• Causes arthritic symptoms/do not administer with aminoglycosides due to
ototoxicity
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/FluticasoneFlonaseNursingConsiderations Generic Name Fluticasone
Trade Name Flovent, Flonase
Indication prophylactic asthma treatment
Action locally acting anti-inflammatory
Therapeutic Class antiasthmatics, anti-inflammatory (steroid)
Pharmacologic Class Corticosteroids, Inhalation
Nursing Considerations • use cautiously with untreated infections and suppressed immune function
• may cause headache, insomnia, bronchospasm, nasal congestion, adrenal suppression
• monitor patient’s respiratory status
• may lead to decreased bone density
• instruct patients using corticosteroids and bronchodilators that they need to use
bronchodilators first.
• instruct patient to stop smoking
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/FluoxetineProzacNursingConsiderations Generic Name Fluoxetine
Trade Name Prozac
Indication Depressive disorder, OCD, bulimia, panic disorder, bipolar, anorexia, ADHD, DM
neuropathy, obesity
Action Inhibits reuptake of serotonin allowing it to persist longer in the synaptic cleft
Therapeutic Class Antidepressant
Pharmacologic Class SSRI
Nursing Considerations • Do not use while taking MAOIs
• May cause suicidal thoughts, drowsiness, anxiety, sexual dysfunction,
insomnia, palpitations
• Monitor closely for serotonin syndrome
• Concurrent use with certain medications may lead to QT prolongation
• Monitor mood changes and assess for suicidal ideation
• Monitor nutrition status
• May cause elevated liver enzymes
• Instruct pt to maintain good oral hygiene
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/FentanylDuragesicNursingConsiderations Generic Name Fentanyl
Trade Name Sublimaze
Indication Supplement to general anesthesia, continuous IV infusion for purpose of analgesia
Action Binds to opiate receptors in CNS altering perception of pain, producing CNS
depression
Therapeutic Class Opioid Analgesic
Pharmacologic Class Opioid agonists
Nursing Considerations • Use caution with increased ICP, head trauma, adrenal insufficiency
• Avoid use with MAOIs
• May cause apnea, laryngospasm, decreased respirations, bradycardia,
hypotension
• Do not consume grapefruit while taking this medication
• Monitor hemodynamics during administration
• Assess patient pain scale frequently
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/FamotidinePepcidNursingConsiderations Generic Name Famotidine
Trade Name Pepcid
Indication Short term treatment of active ulcer, GERD, treatment of heartburn, indigestion,
management of Zollinger Ellison syndrome, prevention of GI bleeding in critically
ill patients, management of symptoms associated with overuse of NSAIDs
Action Blocks action of histamine located in gastric parietal cells, inhibits gastric acid
secretion
Therapeutic Class Antiulcer agent
Pharmacologic Class Histamine H2 antagonist
Nursing Considerations • May cause arrhythmias, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemias
• Assess for abdominal pain and occult blood
• Monitor CBC
• Instruct pt to increase fluid and fiber intake to prevent constipation
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/EscitalopramLexaproNursingConsiderations Generic Name Escitalopram
Trade Name Lexapro
Indication Major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, PCD, PTSD, social phobia
Action Increases the extracellular levels of serotonin in the synaptic cleft by selectively
inhibiting its reuptake
Therapeutic Class Antidepressant
Pharmacologic Class SSRI
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated with MAOI
• May cause suicidal thoughts, insomnia, drowsiness, diarrhea, nausea,
serotonin syndrome
• May cause QT prolongation with certain medications
• Assess for sexual dysfunction
• May take 4-6 weeks for full affect to take place
• Monitor for serotonin syndrome (mental changes, NV, tachycardia,
hyperthermia)
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/ErythromycinErythrocinNursingConsiderations Generic Name Erythromycin
Trade Name E-Mycin
Indication Useful in place of penicillin when patient cannot take penicillin, upper and lower
respiratory tract infections, otitis media, skin infections, pertussis, syphilis,
rheumatic fever
Action Bacteriostatic: suppresses bacterial protein synthesis
Therapeutic Class Anti-infective
Pharmacologic Class Macrolide
Nursing Considerations • Causes QT prolongation, ventricular arrhythmias
• Diarrhea
• Asses infection
• Monitor liver function tests
• Instruct patient to finish medication dosage even if they are feeling better
• Medication should not be shared
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/EpoetinEpogenNursingConsiderations Generic Name Epoetin
Trade Name Epogen
Indication Anemia
Action Stimulates erythropoiesis (production of RBCs)
Therapeutic Class Antianemic
Pharmacologic Class Hormones
Nursing Considerations * Assess dialysis shunts * Contraindicated in albumin hypersensitivity * May cause
+ Seizures
+ CHF
+ MI
+ CVA
+ Hypertension
- Do not shake vial
- Initiate seizure precautions
-
Monitor
- Bleeding times
- Signs of anemia
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/EpinephrineEpiPenNursingConsiderations Generic Name Epinephrine
Trade Name Adrenalin, EpiPen
Indication Asthma and COPD exacerbations, allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, anesthesia adjunct
Action Affects both beta1 and beta2 also has alpha agonist properties resulting in bron-
chodilation and increases in HR and BP. Inhibits hypersensitivity reactions.
Therapeutic Class Antiasthmatic, bronchodilator, vasopressor
Pharmacologic Class Adrenergic agonist
Nursing Considerations • Side effects include: angina, tachycardia, hypertension, restlessness,
nervousness, hyperglycemia
• Use with MAOI may lead to hypertensive crisis
• Patients should not use stimulants (caffeine, guarana, etc)
• Excessive use may cause bronchospasm
• Assess lung sounds, pulse, BP, and other hemodynamic parameters
• Monitor for chest pain
• Instruct patient to use as directed
• Patient should insure adequate fluid intake to liquefy secretions
• Mouth should be rinsed after inhalation
• Beta blockers may negate effects
• May increase blood glucose levels
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/EnoxaparinLovenoxNursingConsiderations Generic Name Enoxaparin Trade Name Lovenox
Indication Prevention of VTE, DVT, and PE
Action Prevents thrombus formation by potentiating the inhibitory effect of antithrom-
bin on factor Xa and thrombin. Enoxaparin is a low molecular weight heparin.
Therapeutic Class Anticoagulant
Pharmacologic Class Antithrombotic
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in pork hypersensitivity
• Monitor for signs of bleeding
• Administer in subcutaneous tissue
• DO NOT eject air bubble prior to injection
• DO NOT aspirate or massage site
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/EnalaprilVasotecNursingConsiderations Generic Name Enalapril
Trade Name Vasotec
Indication hypertension, management of CHF
Action Block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, increases renin levels and
decreases aldosterone leading to vasodilation
Therapeutic Class Antihypertensives
Pharmacologic Class ACE Inhibitor
Nursing Considerations • May cause hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions and angioedema (swelling of face, lips, tongue, throat)
• Can cause neutropenia – check WBCs regularly
• Use cautiously with potassium supplements and potassium sparing diuretics.
• Use cautiously with diuretic therapy
• Administer 1 hour before meals
• Monitor blood pressure often
• Monitor weight and fluid status
• Monitor renal profile
• Monitor CBC frequently
• Dry cough
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/DopamineInotropinNursingConsiderations Generic Name dopamine
Trade Name Inotropin
What is the indication for Dopamine? used to improve blood pressure, cardiac output, and urine output
Action Smaller doses result in renal vasodilation
Doses 2-10mcg/kg/min result in cardiac stimulation by acting on beta1 receptors
Doses >10mcg/kg/min stimulate alpha receptors leading to vasoconstriction (↑SVR)
What is the therapeutic class for Dopamine? inotropic, vasopressor
Pharmacologic Class adrenergic
Nursing Considerations for Dopamine (Inotropin) • Monitor hemodynamics closely: BP, HR, EKG, CVP, and PAOP if available
• Obtain parameters for hemodynamic values
• Titrate to obtain appropriate BP (more potent vasoconstrictors may be required)
• Irritation may occur at IV site
• Beta blockers may counteract therapeutic effects
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/DobutamineDobutrexNursingConsiderations Generic Name Dobutamine
Trade Name Dobutrex
Indication Short term management of heart failure
Action Dobutamine has a positive inotropic effect (increases cardiac output) with very
little effect on heart rate. Stimulates Beta1 receptors in the heart.
Therapeutic Class Inotropic
Pharmacologic Class Beta-adrenergic agonist
Nursing Considerations • Monitor hemodynamics: hypertension, ↑HR, PVCs
• Skin reactions may occur with hypersensitivity
• Beta blockers may negate therapeutic effects of dobutamine
• Monitor cardiac output
• Monitor peripheral pulses before, during, and after therapy
• DO NOT confuse dobutamine with dopamine
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/DivalproexDepakoteNursingConsiderations Generic Name Divalproex
Trade Name Depakote
Indication Seizures, manic episodes, prevention of headache
Action Increases the level of GABA (inhibitory neurotransmitter) in CNS
Therapeutic Class Anticonvulsant, vascular headache suppressants
Pharmacologic Class None
Nursing Considerations • May cause suicidal thoughts, agitation, dizziness, insomnia, hepatotoxicity,
pancreatitis
• Increases risk for bleeding with Warfarin
• Use caution with MAOIs
• Monitor liver function tests
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/DiphenhydramineBenadrylNursingConsiderations Generic Name Diphenhydramine
Trade Name Benadryl
Indication Allergy, anaphylaxis, sedation, motion sickness, antitussive
Action Antagonizes effects of histamine, CNS depression
Therapeutic Class Allergy, cold and cough remedy, antihistamine, antitussive
Pharmacologic Class Antihistamine
Nursing Considerations • May cause drowsiness, anorexia, dry mouth, nausea, chest tightness, thick
secretions, hypotension, blurred vision, headache
• Anticholinergic effects (dry mouth, blurred vision, constipation, sedation)
• Assess purpose of medication prior to giving it
• Assess allergies, sleep patterns, cough and lung sounds
• Patient should avoid other over-the-counter cough and cold remedies
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/DiltiazemCardizemNursingConsiderations Generic Name Diltiazem
Trade Name Cardizem
Indication Hypertension, angina, SVT, AFib, aflutter
Action Inhibits calcium transport resulting in inhibition of excitation and contraction,
leads to depression of AV and SA node leading to decreased HR, leads to vasodi-
latation and decreased blood pressure.
Therapeutic Class Antianginals, antiarrhythmics, antihypertensive
Pharmacologic Class Ca Channel Blocker (Benzothiazepine)
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in 2nd and 3rd AV block
• May cause arrhythmias, CHF, bradycardia, peripheral edema, gingival
hyperplasia
• Increases digoxin levels
• Don’t drink grapefruit juice
• Assess for signs of CHF
• Monitor EKG continuously
• Tell patient to change positions slowly
• Monitor serum potassium
• Instruct pt on how to take blood pressure
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/DigoxinLanoxinNursingConsiderations Generic Name Digoxin
Trade Name Lanoxin
Indication CHF, AFib, A-flutter
Action Positive inotropic effect (increases force of myocardial contraction), prolongs
refractory period, ↓ conduction through SA and AV nodes. Essentially digoxin is
given to increase cardiac output and slow the rate.
Therapeutic Class Antiarrhythmic, inotropics
Pharmacologic Class Digitalis glycosides
Nursing Considerations • Excreted by kidneys
• Assess patient for hypersensitivity
• Contraindicated with uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias
• Hypokalemia increase risk for toxicity
• Hypercalcemia ↑ risk for toxicity
• Use caution with diuretic use as they may cause electrolyte abnormalities
that can lead to toxicity
• Assess patient for cardiac arrhythmias including bradycardia
• Signs of toxicity include vision changes (blurred vision, yellow, green vision
disturbances)
• Monitor pulse rate for 1 full minute prior to dosing patient (hold for pulse <60)
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/DiazepamValiumNursingConsiderations Generic Name Diazepam
Trade Name Valium
Indication Anxiety, pre-op sedation, conscious sedation, treatment of seizures, insomnia,
management of alcohol withdrawal
Action Decreases the effects of voltage gated sodium channels to depresses the CNS
Therapeutic Class Antianxiety agents, anticonvulsants, sedative/hypnotics, skeletal muscle relax-
ants (centrally acting)
Pharmacologic Class Benzodiazepine
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in hepatic dysfunction
• Use caution with renal impairment
• Can cause dizziness, drowsiness, lethargy, hypotension, physical depen-
dence, tolerance
• Instruct patient to take as directed
• Caution to avoid alcohol use
• Flumazenil (Romazicon) is the reversal agent
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/DexamethasoneDecadronNursingConsiderations Generic Name Dexamethasone
Trade Name Decadron
Indication Manage cerebral edema, assess for Cushing’s Disease
Action Suppress inflammation and normal immune response. Used in inflammatory states
to decrease inflammation.
Therapeutic Class Antiasthmatics, corticosteroids
Pharmacologic Class Corticosteroids
Nursing Considerations • Excreted by the liver – monitor liver profile
• Avoid in active untreated infections
• May cause CNS alterations
• May cause peptic ulcers
• May cause Cushingoid appearance (buffalo hump, moon face)
• Weight gain
• Osteoporosis
• Decrease wound healing
• May elevate blood sugars
• May increase cholesterol and lipid values
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/CyclosporineSandimmuneNursingConsiderations Generic Name Cyclosporine
Trade Name Sandimmune
Indication Prevention of rejection in transplantation, treatment of severe RA, management
of ulcerative colitis
Action Inhibits normal immune response primarily by decreasing the activity of T cells
Therapeutic Class Immunosuppressant, antirheumatics (DMARD)
Pharmacologic Class Polypeptides (cyclic)
Nursing Considerations • May cause seizures, tremors, hypertension, hepatotoxicity, diarrhea, N/V,
gingival hyperplasia
• Increases immune suppression with corticosteroids
• Avoid grapefruit juice while taking this medications
• Assess for signs of organ rejection
• Monitor renal panel, liver enzymes
• Take medication as directed
• Lifelong therapy required for transplant patients
• Instruct pt on how to take blood pressure
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/CortisoneCortoneNursingConsiderations Generic Name Cortisone
Trade Name Cortone
Indication Management of adrenocortical insufficiency (Addison’s Disease). Replace cortisol
in states of deficiency, suppress inflammation and normal immune response.
Action The adrenal glands sit on top of the kidneys.
The adrenal glands excrete steroid hormones, including cortisol that play a role in
increasing blood sugars, immune suppression, and metabolism of fat, protein, and
carbohydrates, as well as decreasing bone formation.
Therapeutic Class Antiasthmatics, corticosteroids
Pharmacologic Class Corticosteroids
Nursing Considerations • Excreted by the liver – monitor liver profile
• Avoid in active untreated infections
• May cause CNS alterations
• May cause peptic ulcers
• May cause Cushingoid appearance (buffalo hump, moon face)
• Weight gain
• Osteoporosis
• Decrease wound healing
• May elevate blood sugars
• May increase cholesterol and lipid values
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/CodeinePaveralNursingConsiderations Generic Name Codeine
Trade Name Paveral
Indication Management of pain, diarrhea, cough suppressant
Action Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS and alters perception of pain while producing a general depression of the CNS. This depression also causes a decrease in the cough reflex and GI motility.
Therapeutic Class Allergy, cold, cough remedy, antitussive, opioid analgesic
Pharmacologic Class Opioid agonist
Nursing Considerations • May cause alterations in mentation, hypotension, constipation, nausea,
vomiting
• Assess BP, pulse, and respiratory rate prior to administration and frequently
during administration
• Use caution if patient is receiving MAO Inhibitors
• Narcan (naloxone) is the antidote for opioid agonists
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/ClopidogrelPlavixNursingConsiderations Generic Name Clopidogrel Trade Name Plavix
Indication Atherosclerotic events, MI, CVA, PVD, acute coronary syndrome
Action Inhibits platelet aggregation
Therapeutic Class Antiplatelet agent
Pharmacologic Class Platelet aggregation inhibitors
Nursing Considerations • May cause GI bleeding, neutropenia, hypercholesterolemia
• May increase risk for bleeding in warfarin, aspirin, heparin
• Can increase risk for bleeding with garlic, ginkgo, ginger
• Monitor for signs of bleeding
• Monitor bleeding times
• Monitor CBC and platelet count
• Discontinue use 5-7 days before surgery
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/ClindamycinCleocinNursingConsiderations Generic Name Clindamycin
Trade Name Cleocin
Indication Skin infections, respiratory tract infections, septicemia, intra-abdominal infections,
osteomyelitis
Action Bacteriostatic: inhibits protein synthesis
Therapeutic Class Anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Lincosamide
Nursing Considerations • Arrhythmias, pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, phlebitis
• Monitor bowel function
• Assess for infection, obtain cultures prior to therapy
• Monitor liver function tests
• Monitor CBC
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/CiprofloxacinCiproNursingConsiderations Generic Name Ciprofloxacin
Trade Name Cipro
Indication Urinary tract infections, gonorrhea, respiratory tract infections, bronchitis,
pneumonia, skin and bone infections, infectious diarrhea, abdominal infections
Action Inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis
Therapeutic Class Anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Fluoroquinolone
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in allergies
• May cause QT prolongation, avoid use with other drugs that can cause QT
prolongation
• Can cause seizures, arrhythmias, pseudomembranous colitis, anaphylaxis,
Stevens Johnson syndrome
• May decrease effects of phenytoin
• Monitor renal panel
• Assess for infection, obtain cultures prior to therapy
• Monitor liver function tests
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/CimetidineTagametNursingConsiderations Generic Name Cimetidine Trade Name Tagamet
Indication Treatment of duodenal ulcers, GERD, heartburn, Zollinger Ellison syndrome,
prevention of GI bleeding in critical patients.
Action Inhibits action of histamine leading to inhibition of gastric acid secretion
Therapeutic Class Antiulcer agent
Pharmacologic Class Histamine H2 antagonist
Nursing Considerations • Increases serum level of warfarin
• Can lead to respiratory infection (green sputum)
• Monitor for arrhythmias
• May cause agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia
• Monitor CBC during therapy
• Take medication as directed
• Instruct patient to increase fluid and fiber intake to decrease constipation
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: Generic Name Chlorpromazine
Trade Name Thorazine
Indication Second line treatment of schizophrenia and psychosis, nausea/vomiting, pre-op
sedation, acute intermittent porphyria, headache, bipolar
Action Exhibits anticholinergic activity, alters effects of dopamine in CNS
Therapeutic Class Antipsychotic, antiemetic
Pharmacologic Class Phenothiazines (dopamine D2 receptor antagonist)
Nursing Considerations • May cause neuroleptic malignant syndrome, sedation, tardive dyskinesia,
hypotension, agranulocytosis
• Assess mental status prior to and during treatment
• Monitor blood pressure
• Ensure patient is taking medication
• Monitor CBC and liver function tests
• Instruct patient not to skip doses or double dose.
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/CephalexinKeflexNursingConsiderations Generic Name Cephalexin
Trade Name Keflex
Indication Skin infections, pneumonia, UTI, otitis media
Action Bactericidal: binds to bacterial cell wall leading to cell death
Therapeutic Class Anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Cephalosporin 1st generation
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated with cephalosporin and serious penicillin allergies.
• May need lead to seizures, pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, phlebitis
at IV site, anaphylaxis
• Assess infection and allergies
• Obtain cultures prior to therapy
• Monitor bowel function
• May lead to superinfection
• May cause elevated liver enzymes
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/CelecoxibCelebrexNursingConsiderations Generic Name Celecoxib
Trade Name Celebrex
Indication Osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, acute pain
Action Decreases pain and inflammation by inhibiting synthesis of prostaglandins
Therapeutic Class Antirheumatics/NSAID
Pharmacologic Class Cox 2 inhibitor
Nursing Considerations • Use caution with cardiovascular disease
• Increases risk for MI, CVA, thrombosis
• May cause GI bleeding, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, dermatitis
• Notify provider for new-onset abdominal pain or black stool
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/CefdinirOmnicefNursingConsiderations Generic Name Cefdinir
Trade Name Omnicef
Indication Treatment of skin infections, otitis media
Action Bactericidal, binds to bacterial cell wall causing cell death
Therapeutic Class Anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Cephalosporin 3rd generations
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in cephalosporin and possibly penicillin allergies
• May need lead to seizures, pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, phlebitis at
IV site, anaphylaxis
• Assess infection and allergies
• Obtain cultures prior to therapy
• Monitor bowel function
• Monitor for bleeding
• May lead to superinfection
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/CefaclorCeclorNursingConsiderations Generic Name Cefaclor Trade Name Ceclor
Indication Treatment of respiratory tract infections, skin infections, otitis media
Action Bactericidal, binds to bacterial cell wall causing cell death
Therapeutic Class Anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Cephalosporin 2nd generations
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in cephalosporin and possibly penicillin allergies
• May need lead to seizures, pseudomembranous colitis, diarrhea, phlebitis at
IV site, anaphylaxis
• Assess infection and allergies
• Obtain cultures prior to therapy
• Monitor bowel function
• May lead to superinfection
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/CalciumCarbonateTumsNursingConsiderations Generic Name Calcium carbonate
Trade Name Tums/Rolaids
Indication Treatment of hypocalcemia, prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis, treat-
ment of hyperkalemia and hypermagnesemia, used as antacid
Action Calcium is essential for nervous, muscular, and skeletal systems, helps maintain
cell membranes, aids in transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction,
aids in blood formation and coagulation
Therapeutic Class Mineral and electrolyte replacements/supplements
Pharmacologic Class Antacids
Nursing Considerations • May cause cardiac arrest and arrhythmias
• Monitor hemodynamics
• May causes hypotension, bradycardia, and arrhythmias
• Hypercalcemia can increase risk for digoxin toxicity
• Instruct pt on foods that contain Vitamin D and encourage adequate intake
• Monitor parathyroid hormone
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/CaptoprilCapotenNursingConsiderations Generic Name Captopril
Trade Name Capoten
Indication Hypertension, management of CHF, decrease progression of DM neuropathy
Action Block conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II, increases renin levels and
decreases aldosterone leading to vasodilation
Therapeutic Class Antihypertensives
Pharmacologic Class ACE Inhibitor
Nursing Considerations • Can cause neutropenia – check WBCs regularly
• Use cautiously with potassium supplements and potassium sparing diuretics
• Use cautiously with diuretic therapy
• Administer 1 hour before meals
• Monitor blood pressure often
• Monitor weight and fluid status
• Monitor renal profile
• Monitor CBC frequently
• May lead to Rhabdomyolysis
• Dry cough
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/ButorphanolStadolNursingConsiderations Generic Name butorphanol Trade Name Stadol
Indication moderate to severe pain, labor pain, sedation
Action alters perception and response to pain by binding to opiate receptors in CNS
Therapeutic Class Opioid Analgesic
Pharmacologic Class opioid agonists/antagonists
Nursing Considerations • use caution with concurrent use of MAOIs
• may cause confusion, hallucinations, sedation
• monitor for CNS depression
• assess blood pressure pulse and respirations during administration
• administer slowly through an IV line
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/BuspironeBusparNursingConsiderations Generic Name Buspirone
Trade Name Buspar
Indication Management of anxiety
Action Relieves anxiety by binding to dopamine and serotonin receptors
Therapeutic Class Antianxiety
Pharmacologic Class Azapirone
Nursing Considerations • Do not administer concurrently with MAOI or grapefruit juice
• May lead to dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, and weakness
• Patient may experience chest pain, palpitations, tachycardia
• Instruct patient to take as directed
• Instruct patient to avoid alcohol and other CNS depressantss
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/BupropionWellbutrinNursingConsiderations Name Bupropion
Trade Name Wellbutrin
Indication Depression, smoking cessation, treat ADHD in adults
Action Not well understood, ↑ dopaminergic and noradrenergic transmission via reuptake
Therapeutic Class Antidepressants, smoking deterrents
Pharmacologic Class Aminoketones
Nursing Considerations • May lead to seizures, suicidal thoughts
• Do not administer if patient is taking MAOI
• Use caution with renal and liver impairment
• Assess mental status
• Instruct patient to avoid alcohol (may lead to hallucinations, seizures,
anxiety)
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/BismuthSubsalicylatePepto-BismolNursingConsiderations Generic Name Bismuth subsalicylate
Trade Name Kaopectate, Pepto-Bismol
Indication Diarrhea, heartburn, indigestion, H. pylori associated ulcer
Action Stimulates the absorption of fluids and electrolytes in the intestinal wall, reduction in hypermotility of the stomach, and binds to toxins.
Therapeutic Class Antidiarrheal, antiulcer, antacid
Pharmacologic Class Absorbent
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in aspirin hypersensitivity
• Increase risk for impaction with geriatric and pediatric patients
• Monitor liver profile
• Bismuth may interfere with radiologic exams
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/BisacodylDulcolaxNursingConsiderations Generic Name Bisacodyl
Trade Name Dulcolax
Indication Treatment of constipation, bowel regimen
Action Stimulates enteric nerves to cause peristalsis which leads to fluid accumulation in the colon
Therapeutic Class Laxatives
Pharmacologic Class Stimulant laxatives
Nursing Considerations • May lead to hypokalemia
• May cause abdominal pain and cramps
• Not for use within 1 hour of taking milk product
• Assess for abdominal distention and bowel function
• Instruct patient to drink 1500-2000 mL/day during therapy
• Monitor fluid and electrolyte levels
• Instruct patient to take as ordered
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/BenztropineCogentinNursingConsiderations Generic Name Benztropine
Trade Name Cogentin
Indication Treatment for Parkinson’s disease
Action Exhibits anticholinergic properties (blocks acetylcholine) in the CNS to reduce rigidity and tremors
Therapeutic Class Antiparkinson agent
Pharmacologic Class Anticholinergic
Nursing Considerations • May lead to arrhythmias, hypotension, palpitations, and tachycardia
• Anticholinergic effects like constipation, dry mouth
• Assess for extrapyramidal symptoms
• Instruct patient to take as directed
• Instruct patient to maintain good oral hygiene
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/AzithromycinZithromaxNursingConsiderations Generic Name Azithromycin Trade Name Zithromax
Indication URI, chronic bronchitis, lower respiratory infections, otitis media, skin infections, various STIs, prevention of bacterial endocarditis, treatment of cystic fibrosis
Action Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Therapeutic Class Agents for atypical mycobacterium, anti-infectives
Pharmacologic Class Macrolide
Nursing Considerations • May lead to pseudomembranous colitis, pain, diarrhea, nausea,
Stevens-Johnson syndrome, angioedema
• May increase risks for warfarin toxicity
• Monitor patient for signs of anaphylaxis
• Instruct patient to notify physician for diarrhea, or blood or pus in stool
• Instruct patient to take medication exactly as prescribed
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/Diphenoxylate-AtropineLomotilNursingConsiderations Generic Name Diphenoxylate/atropine Trade Name Lomotil
Indication Treatment for diarrhea
Action Inhibits GI motility via anticholinergic effects
Therapeutic Class Antidiarrheal
Pharmacologic Class Anticholinergic
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated with angle-closure glaucoma, dehydration
• Structurally related to opioids so use caution with patients that have allergies to opioids
• May cause constipation, tachycardia, dizziness, ileus
• Monitor liver function as the medication is excreted by the liver
• Ensure that client is taking medication as prescribed and not double dosing
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/AtorvastatinLipitorNursingConsiderations Generic Name Atropine
Trade Name Atropen
Indication Decreases oral and respiratory secretions, treats sinus bradycardia and heart block, treatment of bronchospasm
Action Atropine is an anticholinergic which means that it inhibits the effects of the parasympathetic nervous system, specifically acetylcholine. This inhibition causes increase in HR, bronchodilation, decreased GI and respiratory secretions.
Therapeutic Class Antiarrhythmic
Pharmacologic Class Anticholinergic, antimuscarinic
Nursing Considerations • Avoid in acute hemorrhage, tachycardia, and angle closure glaucoma
• Monitor patient for tachycardia and palpitations
• May cause urinary retention in elderly patients
• Patients may experience constipation due to slowed GI motility
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/AtenololTenorminNursingConsiderations
Generic Name Atenolol
Trade Name Tenormin
Indication Hypertension, angina, prevention of MI
Action Blocks the stimulation of beta1 receptors in the SNS with minimal effect on beta2 receptors
Therapeutic Class Antianginal, antihypertensive
Pharmacologic Class Beta blocker
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in CHF, pulmonary edema, cardiogenic shock, bradycardia,
heart block
• Monitor hemodynamic parameters (HR, BP)
• May cause bradycardia, CHF, pulmonary edema
• Masks symptoms associated with diabetes mellitus
• Advise to change positions slowly to prevent orthostatic hypotension
• Instruct patient on how to take blood pressure
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/ASAAspirinNursingConsiderations Generic Name Acetylsalicylic Acid
Trade Name Aspirin
Indication Rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, ischemic stroke, and MI prophylaxis
Action Inhibits the production of prostaglandins which leads to a reduction of fever and inflammation, decreases platelet aggregation leading to a decrease in ischemic diseases
Therapeutic Class Antipyretics, non-opioid analgesics
Pharmacologic Class Salicylates
Nursing Considerations • Use caution in bleeding disorders, chronic alcohol use
• May lead to Stevens-Johnson syndrome, laryngeal edema, and anaphylaxis
• Increases risk for bleeding with warfarin, heparin, and clopidogrel
• Increased risk for GI bleeding with NSAID use
• Monitor liver function tests
• Concurrent use with alcohol may increase risk for GI bleeding
• Aspirin with viral infections can cause Reye’s syndrome
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/AmpicillinOmnipenNursingConsiderations Generic Name Ampicillin
Trade Name Principen
Indication Skin infections, soft tissue infections, otitis media, sinusitis, respiratory infections, GU infections, meningitis, septicemia
Action Bactericidal, broader spectrum than penicillin, binds to cell wall leading to bacterial cell death
Therapeutic Class Anti-infective
Pharmacologic Class Aminopenicillin
Nursing Considerations • Contraindicated in penicillin allergy, use caution in renal insufficiency
• May lead to seizures, diarrhea, anaphylaxis, superinfection
• Assess for infection
• Monitor liver function tests
• Instruct patient on signs of superinfection: furry overgrowth on tongue,
vaginal itching, loose and foul smelling stool
• Pt should not use with oral contraceptive use.
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/AmoxicillinAmoxilNursingConsiderations Generic Name amoxicillin
Trade Name Moxatag
Indication skin infections, respiratory infections, sinusitis, endocarditis prophylaxis, lyme disease
Action Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall leading to cell death.
Therapeutic Class anti-infectives, antiulcer agent
Pharmacologic Class aminopenicillins
Nursing Considerations • contraindicated with penicillin allergy
• may cause seizures
• assess for rash, anaphylaxis
• excreted by kidneys – monitor renal labs
• monitor patient for diarrhea – bloody stool should be reported immediately
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/AmlodipineNorvascNursingConsiderations Generic Name Amlodipine
Trade Name Norvasc
Indication Hypertension, angina
Action Blocks transport of calcium into muscle cells inhibiting excitation and contraction
Therapeutic Class Antihypertensive
Pharmacologic Class Ca channel blocker
Nursing Considerations • May cause gingival hyperplasia
• Grapefruit juice may increase drug level
• Monitor blood pressure and pulse prior to and during therapy
• Monitor intake and output
• Assess for signs of CHF
• Assess characteristics of angina
• Instruct patient of interventions for hypertension and how to take blood
pressure
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/AmiodaronePaceroneNursingConsiderations Generic Name Amiodarone
Trade Name Cordarone
Indication a-fib, ventricular arrhythmias, SVT, ACLS protocol for v-fib and v-tach
Action Prolongs phase 3 of the action potential, makes the heart more tolerant to arrhythmias, inhibits adrenergic stimulation, slows rate, decreases peripheral vascular resistance causing vasodilation
Therapeutic Class Antiarrhythmic class III, potassium channel blocker
Pharmacologic Class None
Nursing Considerations • May lead to ARDS, pulmonary toxicity, CHF, bradycardia, hypotension
• Increases risk for QT prolongation
• Increases digoxin levels
• Increases activity of warfarin
• Monitor EKG continuously while on therapy
• Assess for signs and symptoms of ARDS
• Monitor liver function test
• Check dosage with another RN
• Teach pt to monitor pulse daily and report abnormalities
• Avoid drinking grapefruit juice
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/AlprazolamXanaxNursingConsiderations Generic Name Alprazolam
Trade Name Xanax
Indication Anxiety, panic disorder, manage symptoms of PMS, insomnia, mania, psychosis
Action Works in CNS to produce anxiolytic effect causing CNS depression.
Therapeutic Class Antianxiety agent
Pharmacologic Class Benzodiazepine
Nursing Considerations • Use caution with existing CNS depression, sleep apnea, renal dysfunction,
hepatic dysfunction.
• May cause CNS depression, drowsiness, lethargy
• May lead to physical dependence, may experience tolerance effect
• Assess anxiety and mental status
• Romazicon (flumazenil) is the antidote for overdose
• Grapefruit juice may increase blood levels
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/AlendronatefosamaxNursingConsiderations Generic Name Alendronate
Trade Name Fosamax
Indication Osteoporosis (aging, menopause, corticosteroid induced)
Action Inhibits osteoclast activity leading to inhibition of resorption of bone
Therapeutic Class Bone resorption inhibitor
Pharmacologic Class Bisphosphonates
Nursing Considerations • Take first thing in the morning with full glass of water 30 min prior to eating
• Assess serum calcium and vitamin D
• May lead to muscle pain
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/AlbuterolVentolinNursingConsiderations Generic Name Albuterol
Trade Name Proventil
Indication Bronchodilator used to prevent airway obstruction in asthma and COPD
Action Binds to Beta2 adrenergic receptors in the airway leading to relaxation of the smooth muscles in the airways
Therapeutic Class Bronchodilator
Pharmacologic Class Adrenergic
Nursing Considerations • May decrease the effectiveness of Beta Blockers
• Use caution with
○ Heart disease
○ Diabetes
○ Glaucoma
○ Seizure disorder
• Overuse of inhalers can lead to bronchospasm
• Monitor for chest pain and palpitations
• Can decrease digoxin levels
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/Insulin–ShortActingRegularNursingConsiderations Generic Name Insulin Regular
Trade Name Humulin R/Novolin R
Indication hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis
Action stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver,
prevents breakdown of fat and protein
| Route | Onset | Peak | Duration | | Subcutaneous | 30-45 min | 1-5 | 4.5-6h |
Therapeutic Class antidiabetics, hormones
Pharmacologic Class pancreatics
Nursing Considerations • assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
• monitor body weight over time
• may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium
• monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/Insulin–IntermediateActingNPHNursingConsiderations Generic Name Insulin NPH
Trade Name Humulin N, Novolin N
Indication hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis
Action stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver,
prevents breakdown of fat and protein
| Route | Onset | Peak | Duration | | Subcutaneous | 1-2 hr | 4-12hr | 18-24hr |
Therapeutic Class antidiabetics, hormones
Pharmacologic Class pancreatics
Nursing Considerations • assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
• monitor body weight over time
• may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium
• monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/Insulin–LongActingLantusNursingConsiderations Generic Name Insulin detemir, Insulin glargine
Trade Name Levemir, Lantus
Indication hyperglycemia with diabetes type 1 and 2, diabetic ketoacidosis
Action stimulates uptake of glucose into muscle and fat cells, inhibits production of glucose in the liver,
prevents breakdown of fat and protein
| Route | Onset | Peak | Duration | | Detemir | 3-4 hr | 3-14 hr | 24 hr | | Glargine | 3-4 hr | none | 24 hr |
Therapeutic Class antidiabetics, hormones
Pharmacologic Class pancreatics
Nursing Considerations • assess for symptoms of hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia
• monitor body weight over time
• may cause decreased inorganic phosphates, potassium, and magnesium
• monitor blood sugars every 6 hours, monitor A1C every 3-6 months
Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds View the lesson: https://bit.ly/CalciumAcetatePhosLoNursingConsiderations
Generic Name calcium acetate
Trade Name PhosLo
Indication treatment of hypocalcemia, prevention of post-menopausal osteoporosis, treatment of hyperkalemia and hypermagnesaemia, adjunct in cardiac arrest, control of hyperphosphatemia with ESRD. Binds to phosphate in food and prevents absorption.
Action calcium is essential for nervous muscular and skeletal systems, helps maintain cell membranes, aids in transmission of nerve impulses and muscle contraction, aids in blood formation and coagulation
Therapeutic Class mineral and electrolyte replacements/supplements
Pharmacologic Class antacids
Nursing Considerations • may cause cardiac arrest and arrhythmias
• phlebitis at site of insertion
• monitor hemodynamics
• may cause hypotension, bradycardia, and arrhythmias
• hypercalcemia can increase risk for digoxin toxicity
• administer slowly
• instruct pt on foods that contain Vitamin D and encourage adequate intake.
• monitor parathyroid hormone
**Download the cheat: https://bit.ly/50-meds** **View the lesson: https://bit.ly/AcyclovirZoviraxNursingConsiderations**
What is the Generic Name Acyclovir
**What is the Trade Name for Acyclovir** Zovirax
**What is the Indication for Acyclovir** Genital herpes, herpes zoster, chicken pox
**What is the Action of Acyclovir** Interferes with viral DNA synthesis
**What is the Therapeutic Class of Acyclovir** Antiviral
**What is the Pharmacologic Class of Acyclovir** Purine analogues
**What are the Nursing Considerations for Acyclovir** * May cause seizures, renal failure, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura syndrome, diarrhea, dizziness, nausea
- Monitor renal panel during administration
- Assess lesions
- Instruct patient to use proper protection during sexual intercourse
50 Meds Download: https://bit.ly/50-meds What is the Generic Name Acetaminophen
What is the Trade Name for Acetaminophen Tylenol
What is the Indication for Acetaminophen Pain, fever
What is the Action of Acetaminophen Inhibit the synthesis of prostaglandins which play a role in transmission of pain signals and fever response
What is the Therapeutic Class of Acetaminophen Antipyretic, non-opioid analgesic
What are the Nursing Considerations for Acetaminophen • Do not exceed 4g of acetaminophen per day to limit risk for liver, renal,
and cardiac damage
• Overdose will lead to hepatotoxicity
• Acetadote is the antidote for overdose
• May increase risk for bleed with warfarin therapy
• May alter blood glucose measurements