The Perception & Action Podcast: Recent Episodes
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526
Do Balance Bikes lead to more functional variability in postural control when learning to ride a bike? Do they help support the transition from freezing to freeing degrees of freedom?
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Articles:
Learning to Cycle: Why Is the Balance Bike More Efficient than the Bicycle with Training Wheels? The Lyapunov’s Answer
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As documented in this great recent article by Mike Petriello, Seattle’s T Mobile Park is the most difficult place to hit in all of baseball. In fact, it is now right up there with Colorado as the most extreme ballpark in MLB – as much as Coors field’s altitude and large dimensions help hitters, T Mobile hurts them almost as much! This can be seen in this figure from Mike’s article:
There are many explanations that have been given for this effect including weather-related ones (marine layer, wind, higher gravity in the PNW), glare from the sun, etc. but the one I want to focus on today is the idea that there is something about Seattle’s batter’s eye that makes it more difficult for hitters to pick up the flight of the ball. Why might this be the case?
Perceptual analysis of Seattle’s batter’s eye
For those who don’t know, the “batter’s eye” is a part of a ballpark that all stadiums have deliberately designed to improve the hitter’s view of the ball. It typically involves a dark surface (to maximize the contrast with the white ball), created either by covering a bunch of the seats in centerfield, planting grass there, or by putting a black surface (i.e. wall) in centerfield. For example, here is the batter’s eye (a patch of grass and dark green wall) in my current home park I am working in with the Cubs, Sloan Park in Mesa, AZ.
Below are two different views of the batter’s eye (a black wall) at T Mobile park.
What is unusual about the batter’s eye in Seattle is its orientation – it is not parallel to home plate. Instead, it slants away from home plate as you move from right to left. NOTE: this is not the only MLB park that has a slanted batter’s eye (Mike notes that both Clevland and Baltimore have similar layouts) – more on this later. Many hitters have complained that this makes hitting more difficult, most recently Teoscar Hernandez now with the Dodgers:
“I couldn’t feel good at the plate at home. I talk to a lot of players around the league, and they feel the same thing when they go to Seattle and play two or three games over there,” “They had the same feeling. So it was not only me.” “It was a little crooked,” Hernández added. “I didn’t feel really straight with the pitcher, for some reason. I moved everywhere in the batter’s box and tried to fix it, but I couldn’t figure it out.”
Why might a slanted batter’s eye create a problem for hitters?
My first thought was that Seattle may have inadvertently created an Ames room! An Ames room is a visual illusion you can see at many Science museums around the country. It is a room constructed to look like a typical room (i.e., the back wall is parallel to the viewer) but in reality, the back wall slants away from you. This creates the illusion, that one of the people standing against the back wall is freakishly large…
We use this illusion when teaching Perception classes, to illustrate the strong link between our perception of depth and size. The girl on the right is actually much closer to you than the one on the left (so her image on your retina is larger). But you perceive the two girls to be at the same distance. The only way an object can have a larger image on your eye and be at the same distance is if it is physically larger. Thus the illusion – because our depth perception is tricked, so is our perception of size! Fun!
Let”s think about how this might affect the perception of ball movement. Below I have illustrated a ball moving across a parallel batter’s eye (left) and one slanted in depth from right to left (right). To achieve this I used an effect first studied by none other than JJ Gibson – texture gradient. As a surface gets further away from us, the texture elements on it (the black circles in the figure below) get closer together. This is why “the grass is always greener on the other side of the fence” – blades of grass (texture) are perceptually more tightly packed on your neighbor’s lawn because it is further away than yours – so you don’t see all the imperfections in between! Note, how the ball on the right appears to come out at you (even though the images of the ball and the arrow are the same in the two images) i.e., there is an illusion of a change in its depth. It’s not quite the same effect as the Ames room but it’s the same basic principle.
One can imagine how this might distort a batter’s perception of the trajectory of an oncoming pitch and make them swing and miss more often. But with a small amount of exposure (e.g. during batting practice) everything we know about visual-motor control suggests that the batter should easily be able to re-calibrate to this and make it so this misperception of depth is not an issue. A couple of swings and misses should sort it out! For example, people can quickly adapt to the visual distortion caused by wearing prism glasses, which initially makes us misperceive the locations of objects. As long as the distortion is constant, calibration should be easy! And if it’s simply a distortion of depth why doesn’t it happen at other parks with similarly slanted batter’s eyes?
Here is what I think is going on:
1)The batter’s eye at T Mobile does not provide good visual information about the amount it slants. It is kind of a black hole. Compare it to Baltimore for example:
The surrounding features of the stadium at Camden Yards in Baltimore provide much better spatial information, while Seattle looks like a black mist coming to swallow your soul!
2) Because of this lack of information, the perceived slant likely changes based on the batter’s stance, their eye height, the time of day, the amount and angle of sun, shadow, the handedness of the pitcher., etc. This might partially explain why all these things seem to have an effect on batting performance.
Consistent with this, the figure below (from Mike’s article) shows how batting performance changes as a function of the time of day (or equivalently the position of the sun)
3) This change in perceived slant makes it difficult to re-calibrate to any changes in the perceived ball trajectory. The required adjustment is likely changing from at-bat to at-bat. Its virtually impossible to adapt to a distortion that is non-constant.
How to fix it:
If Seattle so desired, here is how I would try to tackle this issue. (Note: they might not want to because it also is a disadvantage for opposing batters and they have a great pitching staff!)
I would add features on the surface and around the wall to make the slant easier to perceive. For example, add a pattern on the wall so the batter can perceive the texture gradient (like the circles in the figure above). Or place the image of a familiar object (e.g. a Coke bottle) on each side so the batter can tell how much further the left side of the wall is from the right. The key to improving the batter’s eye and making hitting easier, in my opinion, is making it easier for batters to accurately and consistently perceive the slant of the eye and re-calibrate
Links:
https://www.mlb.com/news/seattle-t-mobile-park-tough-hitters-park-analysis
525
Does adding more variability to practice conditions aid the process of education of attention? Can we predict the trajectory through informational space that occurs during learning?
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Articles:
The Education of Attention as Explanation of Variability of Practice Effects: Learning the Final Approach Phase in a Flight Simulator
Learning to control collisions: The role of perceptual attunement and action boundaries
On potential-based and direct movements in information spaces
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524
A look at a new study with powerlifters comparing performance when instructed to lift the bar at “maximum velocity” versus a specific velocity target.
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Articles:
Considerations for Velocity-Based Training: The Instruction to Move “As Fast As Possible” Is Less Effective Than a Target Velocity
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523
Can we predict sports injury by monitoring transition points between attractors states of a complex system, or, in other words, points of instability? A test using soccer players.
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Articles:
Critical Fluctuations as an Early Warning Signal of Sports Injuries? A Proof of Concept Using Football
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522
Variability of practice helps motor learning. That is an undeniable fact. But let’s consider some of the subtleties: what are the different ways we can create variability in practice? How do the benefits of variability depend on the initial variability of the learner? Why exactly does variability have its effect? When should it be introduced?
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Articles:
How Variability Shapes Learning And Generalization
Changing Up the Routine Intervention-Induced Variability in Motor Learning
Relationship between initial motor variability and learning and adaptive ability. A systematic review
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521
A brief personal update and update on the podcast before I break for the holidays
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520
A discussion with Mel O’Connor and Jack Woodburn from Okkulo Ltd.
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Links:
https://www.okkulo.com/
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519
A review of a recent study that attempts to replicate the “angle of approach effect” and “movement reversals” found in previous research.
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Articles:
Angle-of-approach and reversal-movement effects in lateral manual interception
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518
How does a previous history of concussion effect movement coordination?
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Articles:
Altered inter-segmental coordination in athletes with a history of concussion
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516
To what extent do models generated from the average results of a group of participants (i.e., the traditional approach used in most statistics) actually represent the movement behavior of individuals?
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Articles:
Interactive effects between group and single-subject response patterns
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515
Do the effects of internal, external and holistic focus of attention instructions different in MMA when striking with the dominaint vs non-dominant hand?
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Articles:
External focus of attention delivers superior punches with the preferred hand but not with the non-preferred: A comparison of internal, external and holistic focus of attention
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514
A review of the new paper: Prior coordination solutions shape motor learning and transfer in redundant tasks.
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Prior coordination solutions shape motor learning and transfer in redundant tasks
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513
A preview of my new book “Learning to be an “Ecological” Coach: Developing Attuned & Adaptable Coaching Skills” which was just released.
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Links:
https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0DJKN9T1M
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512
A look at the Active Interference Theory of the control of action and the concept of “Free Energy”. How can these ideas be applied to practice design in sports?
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Articles:
An Active Inference Account of Skilled Anticipation in Sport: Using Computational Models to Formalise Theory and Generate New Hypotheses
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511
A look at the Predictive Processing of Action Control and how it might be applied to practice design through the element of surprise.
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Articles:
The Element of Surprise: How Predictive Processing Can Help Coach Practitioners Understand and Develop Skilled Movement in Sport Settings
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510
I am joined by Randy Sullivan and Frans Bosch to preview the annual Florida Baseball Armory Baseball Skill Acquisition Summit which will be held on Oct 19-20. Unraveling some of the mysteries of self-organization.
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Link to register:
https://floridabaseballarmory.com/summit/
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509
My review of the new paper: Adding texture to the Art of constraints-led coaching: a request for more research-informed guidelines. My thoughts on the validity and usefulness of the author’s questions
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Articles:
Adding texture to the Art of constraints-led coaching: a request for more research-informed guidelines
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508
My interview with Pete Blair, Executive Director at Advanced Law Enforcement Rapid Response Training, Texas State University. What is liveliness is training? How can he CLA help fill in the gaps in the Liveliness Continuum?
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Links:
Tactical Science | Pete Blair | Substack
https://www.linkedin.com/in/pete-blair-35764897/12
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507
A look at a study comparing linear vs nonlinear approaches for training defending knife attacks. Which method resulted in better skill acquisition? Which method do trainees prefer?
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Articles:
“There must be an ideal solution…”. Assessing training methods of knife defense performance of police recruits.
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506
How well can athletes perceive higher-order affordances (that is, affordances made up of combinations of lower-order ones)? Do we perceive these directly or combine affordances? Do we directly perceive the field of safe travel on a sports field?
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Articles:
Perception of higher-order affordances for kicking in soccerA theoretical field-analysis of automobile-driving
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505
Pulling together several key concepts in the dynamical systems conceptualization of motor control. How are motor synergies realized within the human body what implications does this have for sports training?
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Articles:
Motor Synergies and the Equilibrium-Point Hypothesis
Fascial organisation of motor synergies: a hypothesis
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504
When it comes to practice variability is more not always better? Is there a Goldilocks Effect. In other words – Is there an optimal amount (not too much, not too little) that depends on the learner’s skill level?
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Articles:
Applying different levels of practice variability for motor learning: More is not better
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503
On another edition of the Perception-Action journal club, I am joined by Chris Butler (Trainers Bullpen) and Jeff Quail (Setcan) to discuss and demo how Ecological Dynamics principles can be applied to police training.
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Links/Articles:
https://www.trainersbullpen.com/
http://www.setcan.com/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344567487_There_must_be_an_ideal_solution_Assessing_training_methods_of_knife_defense_performance_of_police_recruits
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502
An interview with Luke Wilkins from LaTrobe University in which we discuss a framework for increasing the usage of VR in applies sports contexts, with a particular focus on baseball.
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Links:
A Framework for Using Virtual Reality to Enhance Psychological Performance in Baseball
https://scholars.latrobe.edu.au/lwilkins
https://www.linkedin.com/in/wilkinsluke/?originalSubdomain=uk
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501
On another edition of the Perception-Action journal club, I am joined by Jo Shattuck from PantherTec.net to discuss the latest development with the Kat (Kinesthetic Awareness Training) System.
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Links:
https://panthertec.net/
https://www.linkedin.com/in/dr-jo-shattuck-/
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500
To celebrate the 500th episode of the podcast, I host a skill acquisition AMA
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499
On another edition of the Perception-Action Journal Club, I am joined by Sean Franklin from swordstem.com to discuss how he uses a constraints-led approach (CLA) to teach sword martial arts.
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https://swordstem.com/
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498
How can we use task constraint manipulations to remove rate limiters and encourage players to explore the perceptual-motor workspace for a volleyball serve?
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Articles:
Applying the constraints-led approach to facilitate exploratory learning of the volleyball serve
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497
On another edition of the Perception Action Journal Club I am joined by Ryan Crotin from ArmCare.com to discuss his unique approach to keep baseball pitchers healthy by increasing the action capacity of arm strength through monitoring and training.
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Links:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ryancrotin/
https://armcare.com/
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496
Can we quantify player skill in soccer using player dynamics through a model using attractors and repellors?
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Articles:
Measuring skill via player dynamics in football dribbling
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495
I am joined by Greg Souders from Standard Jiu Jitsu for another edition of the Perception Action Journal Club. We discuss his way of using an ecological approach to Jiu Jitsu Training.
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Articles:
https://www.standardjiujitsu.com/https://www.instagram.com/gdsouders/
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494
Today I am joined by Randy Sullivan & Alan Jaeger to discuss how we can deal with the ever-recurring problem of elbow and shoulder injuries in baseball pitchers. How can we harness variability in practice for injury prevention?
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Links:
https://floridabaseballarmory.com/
https://jaegersports.com/program/return-to-throwing/
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493
A review of the paper: “Skill shapes functional movement variability and exploration tendencies: the effect of skill under changing environmental constraints on the emergence of creative action in a divergent kickboxing task”.Do our previous training hinder or help creativity?
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Articles:
Skill shapes functional movement variability and exploration tendencies: the effect of skill under changing environmental constraints on the emergence of creative action in a divergent kickboxing task
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492
A Journal Club with Wieger Heijenk (PT, “The Dutch shoulder magician”) and Lupko Pot (Founder / Owner Tidal Tank & UltimateInstability,) to discuss and demo their unique approaches to PT and training which incorporate many Ecological Dynamics concepts.
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Links:
https://www.tidal-tank.com/
https://www.ultimateinstability.com/
https://www.linkedin.com/in/wieger-heijenk-0584a924a/
https://www.youtube.com/@Shoulderscience
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491
My review of a study comparing a traditional prescriptive approach to an ecological approach for training the action capacity of countermovement jump performance.
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Articles:
Exploring the Influence of Cognitive and Ecological Dynamics Approaches on Countermovement Jumping Enhancement: A Comparative Training Study
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490
How can we better understand sports injury by considering factors such as good variability, coordination, and movement synergies using a dynamical systems approach?
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Articles:
From microscopic to macroscopic sports injuries. Applying the complex dynamic systems approach to sports medicine: a narrative review
Early-warning signals for critical transitions
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489
My interview with Alex Sarama, founder of Transforming Basketball. Taking a constraints-led approach to basketball practice.
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Links:
https://transformingbball.com/
https://twitter.com/AlexJSarama
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488
A look at my current thoughts and how I am using the CLA
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487
A look at a recent study that addresses a question I get quite often: do the basic principles of motor learning, in this case, those proposed by OPTIMAL theory, still hold when we are dealing with highly skilled athletes?
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Articles:
Effects of self-controlled practice and focus of attention on free throw accuracy: Exploring optimal theory among skilled basketball players
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486
A look at a recent study that provides evidence that cricket bowlers use movement variability (as opposed to repeatability) to regulate the timing and speed of their delivery. And looking back at a classic in ecological dynamics – the first study to show this effect.
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Articles:
Functional movement variability to maintain delivery speed in cricket fast bowling
Timing an attacking forehand drive in table tennis
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485
A look at research (and some of my personal experiences) on the effectiveness of co-created coach education workshops to bridge the gap between current coaching practices and scientific evidence. A little bit about my new book – coming in 6 months!
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Articles/links:
Using a coproduced educational workshop to change the focus of verbal instructions delivered by professional youth soccer coaches: a case study
Bridging the Gap Between Science and Application: The Use of Cocreation Educational Workshops in Professional Youth Soccer
New book preorder: https://www.amazon.com/dp/B0CW1GBF61
:
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484
Sharing some of my experiences as a Skill Acquisition Specialist. Is it really worth it for a team to hire one?
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458 A review of a new study comparing traditional prescriptive coaching, the CLA and DL training for reducing ACL injury risk in basketball. Is variability an injury prevention mechanism?Download link Articles:Manipulation of task constraints is the most effective motor learning method for reducing risk factors for ACL injury during side-step cutting in both male and...
457 Is it better to practice a skill with an unpredictable, yet limited number of options or separately rehearse each of the options in isolation? An example of task simplification vs decomposition and how they relate to functional variability.Download link Articles:How functional movement variability facilitates successful skill adaptation during the volleyball attack More information:Subscribe in...
456 Is random practice really better than blocked? Does it apply to sports skills? Is the contextual inference explanation of variability of practice supported by the evidence? Download link Articles:The myth of contextual interference learning benefit in sports practice: A systematic review and meta-analysis Support the podcast and receive bonus content More information:Subscribe in iOS/AppleSubscribe...
455 Do we need to use decomposition and repetition to drill the fundamentals first before we move into a more representative game-like context. A direct comparison of drills and the CLA. Download link Articles:“Train as you play”: Improving effectiveness of training in youth soccer players More information:Subscribe in iOS/AppleSubscribe in Android/GoogleMy Research Gate Page (pdfs...
454 A review of the paper “How to coach: A review of theoretical approaches for the development of a novel coach education framework” which incorporates self-determination theory explicit, explicit learning and implicit learning.Download link Articles:How to coach: A review of theoretical approaches for the development of a novel coach education framework More information:Subscribe in iOS/AppleSubscribe...
453A look at a couple of papers on a coach’s role within the constraints-led approach (CLA)? Is the role of coach in the CLA simply to design constraints manipulations and get out of the way or is there more to it than that? Does a coach need to adapt too? What is the role of...
452
Andrew Wilson and I discussing the concept of the Uncontrolled Manifold and how it relates to good and bad variability and affordances. We also look at his new paper on using a UCM to understand throwing.
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Affordances for Throwing: An Uncontrolled Manifold Analysis
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451
My interview with Drew Dunlop, Basketball Coach and co-founder of the Pro Lane.
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450
My interview with Scott Sievewright, Head MMA Coach, Primal MKE
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449
My interview with Marianne Davies, Senior Coach Developer for UK Coaching
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Tweets by Marianne_D1https://dynamics-coaching.com/
https://rivertigerpodcastequestriancoaching.buzzsprout.com/
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448
Randy Sullivan and I discuss our new book: A Constraints-Led Approach to Baseball Coaching
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A Constraints-Led Approach to Baseball Coaching
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447
How can we logically and rationally analyze a practice drill like kicking a soccer ball against a wall so we can improve its representativeness and connect it with what is happening on the field? What are the effects of adding decision making to practice activities?
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Exploring the Effects of Tasks with Different Decision-Making Levels on Ball Control, Passing Performance, and External Load in Youth Football
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446
A look at the results from a recent study of mine where I tested the potential benefits of practicing doing the “wrong” things in practice. Does it give a performer more information for learning?
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445
My interview Wes Goodman, owner of Like Iron Strength & Performance & PhD student at Montana State University. Studying and applying biomechanics.
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444
My interview with Kasey Crider, Head Volleyball Coach at University of Maryland Baltimore County discussing his journey from a information processing to an ecological approach to volleyball coaching.
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443
My interview with Tracy Hayes, the Mobility Chick, about building the foundations of effective movement.
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442
My interview with Job Fransen from the University of Groningen, discussing his new open-access book, The Forest Through the Trees: Making Sense of an Ecological Dynamics Approach to Measuring and Developing Collective Behavior in Football.
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https://kinesiologybooks.org/index.php/stork/catalog/book/13
https://twitter.com/JobFran3
https://scholar.google.com.au/citations?user=JCXMOrgAAAAJ&hl=en
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441
My interview with Carl Woods from Victoria University. What does it mean to know, guide, and correspond with our environment?
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https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Carl-Woods-2
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440
My interview with Greg Souders from Standard Jiu-Jitsu. Developing an ecological dynamics approach to martial arts training.
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439
My interview with Joe Baker from York University discussing his new book – The Tyranny of Talent: How it Compels and Limits Athletic Achievement..and Why You Should Ignore It.
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438
My interview with Martijn Lips & William Spinhoven from the Sports Practitioners, discussing their experiences applying Ecological Dynamics to Physical Therapy.
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This is an issue I have been asked a lot about lately. As I have emphasized in both of my books, individualized coaching is one of the central tenets of the ecological approach to skill. We need to consider an individual athlete’s organismic constraints and intrinsic dynamics. We need to create affordances in the practice environment that depend on individual effectivities (body dimensions and action capacities) – a gap or ball moving at a certain speed does not offer the same opportunity for action to every player. And, finally, we need to challenge the athlete at the right level so that they get information for learning. How can we achieve all of this when we have 10 athletes standing in front of us with large individual differences in ability?! While there is no simple fix, I think there are some best practices we can use. And like with most things in the ecological approach, we can view this as an opportunity rather than a problem! So, here is what I try to focus on when I run a practice.
1.Constraining to afford in both directions. When working in a group that includes one or more athletes that are much more experienced than others, I like to think back to being a kid playing street hockey in Canada and ask: how can we change the game to even the playing field? How can we change the constraints for different players so that we can give the more experienced athlete a new movement problem to solve while at the same time opening up new affordances for the lesser-skilled players when they play against each other? Here I am talking about things like using different equipment, creating different rules for scoring (e.g., the more experienced athlete has to put it in a smaller area of the net or court), having two players always guard one in a small-sided games scenario, adding a rule that the more-experienced athlete can only use certain movement solutions (e.g., they have to defend their arms behind their back in an MMA training activity) etc.
2.Taking advantage of variable observational learning models. Although it can seem like having athletes of very different skill levels is problematic it actually creates the ideal situation for observational learning. Research has shown that we learn best when exposed to a mixture of peer (watching other athletes that are close in skill level to ourselves) and expert models1. The former allows learners to gain information from seeing errors in performance and gaining better information about what they themselves are doing when executing the skill. Viewing an expert gives learners the opportunity to pick up information about new affordances and new possibilities for movement solutions. So, I try to have the more-experienced athletes do demonstrations for the lesser-skilled as part of..
3.Create learning opportunities by allowing athletes to coach. Allowing athletes to coach each other in practice activities can be a very powerful tool for learning. Especially, when they know that they will be asked to do it beforehand. In a really interesting set of studies, Keith Lohse and colleagues2 have shown that when athletes have the expectation that they will have to teach a skill later, they learn the skill more quickly and effectively themselves. Results suggest that when expecting to teach we attend to different things and pick up different information when learning the skill ourselves. One of the things I love to do when this is happening is walk around a listen to the things the kids are telling each other. This can be a great way to “steal” cues and analogies that are more relatable to younger athletes! Sometimes my examples of programming VCRs and playing Pac-Man fall on deaf ears LOL
4.Use co-adaptive practice design. Instead of having a practice activity that is too easy for the more-experienced athletes (e.g., just put the ball in play in a baseball batting activity) or having one that is too hard for less-experienced ones (e.g., try to hit the ball to the opposite field), I like to let the athlete choose their intention for each execution. For example, I might ask a tennis player: “what are you going to try to do with this serve?” Typically, you get answers that reflect the skill level (e.g., “make sure it lands in” vs “make my opponent return it on their backhand”) but you can also guide this as a coach by making suggestions. Giving the athlete choice has both the benefits of promoting autonomy while also creating a more effective level of challenge for each individual.
5.Taking advantage of the opportunity to do some pressure training. There is a lot of research showing that adding pressure to training can lead to better motor learning3. So, I like to take advantage of groups to create one of the most effective types: social pressure. While creating competitions (the first person to hit 10 balls in fair play wins) can be effective, creating social consequences for not performing well (e.g., my favorite – having the person that gets the fewest number of hits make a speech in front of the team) seems to better simulate the type of pressure that makes some athletes fail in competition. To take into account different skill levels I either have different constraints (i.e., scoring systems) for the different athletes or put them in small teams.
Those are just a few things I try when dealing with this challenging coaching situation. Here is another good post I found about it4
1.Observation interventions for motor skill learning and performance: An applied model for the use of observation
2.Expecting to teach enhances motor learning and information processing during practice
3. 79 – Designing Affective Practice I: Using Pressure to Aid Motor Learning,
4. https://www.basketballforcoaches.com/differences-skill-level/
437
My interview with Zoe Wimshurst from Performance Vision. How can we train athletes to improve their task-relevant, visual capabilities and connect them with their skill on the field.
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https://www.linkedin.com/in/zoe-wimshurst-3ab7113b/
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436
My interview with Craig Morris, Olympic Slalom Coach for British Canoeing. How can embracing the idea that you don’t know all the answers make you a better coach?
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On the wisdom of not-knowing: reflections of an Olympic Canoe Slalom coach
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435
How well can we perceive the action opportunities available to others? What information do we use? Can we perceive nested affordances – that is, be sensitive to not only another person’s action capabilities but impending changes in their capabilities? Some implications for coaching.
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Articles:
Can I Choose a Throwable Object for You? Perceiving Affordances for Other Individuals
Perceiving and Remembering Affordances for Others Are Continuous Processes
Perceiving nested affordances for another person’s actions
Essential kinematic information, athletic experience, and affordance perception for others
An information-based approach to action understanding
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434
My interview Martijn Nijhoff discussing his experiences adopting an ecological approach to coaching.
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433
A look at how non-linear pedagogy supports the development of intrinsic motivation and connects with Self Determination Theory.
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Articles:
Nonlinear Pedagogy Underpins Intrinsic Motivation in Sports Coaching
Self-Determination Theory and Nonlinear Pedagogy: An Approach to Exercise Professionals’ Strategies on Autonomous Motivation
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432
An interview with Matt Wood from Cardiff Met University about applying a constraints-led approach to coach learning and development.
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Learning to coach: An ecological dynamics perspective
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431
A chapter-by-chapter preview of my new book, the follow-up to “How We Learn to Move”
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My Skill Acquisition & Coaching Books
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430
A few updates on what’s going on with me and the podcast. And an exciting announcement – my new book, the follow-up to How We Learn to Move, is here!
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429
What are the different types of information sources for controlling action and how should we be manipulating them in practice? Do we absolutely have to stick to the mantra: “make sure they are using specifying information”?
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428 How should we plan our practices so that we are working on the right things at the right times? Is it better to let our coaching curriculum just emerge? How should we be getting the athletes involved in co-designing practice?Download link Articles:Representative co-design: Utilising a source of experiential knowledge for athlete development and performance...
427 Does thinking about movement always hinder performance? If so, is the solution to stop thinking and rely solely on automatic processes? Or is it possible to reach a state where consciousness remains on the surface, but our body leads the way?Download link Articles:Letting the body find its way: Skills, expertise, and Bodily Refection More...
426 Should we be striving to make everything in practice as close to the game as possible? What is the difference between specificity and representativeness?Download link Links: More information:Subscribe in iOS/AppleSubscribe in Android/GoogleMy Research Gate Page (pdfs of my articles)My ASU Web pagePodcast Facebook page (videos, pics, etc)Email: robgray@asu.edu Support the podcast and receive bonus...
425 Does the kinetic chain link in the expected proximal to distal order? Does it link in the same way with each execution of a movement? To foreshadow- NO and NO. A look at work on kinematic sequencing in throwing.Download link Articles:Kinematic sequence patterns in the overhead baseball pitchKinematic Sequence Classification and the Relationship to...
Digging up a couple old scary episodes! 13A – Halloween Special: Superstitious Rituals in SportsHow prevalent are superstitious rituals in sports e.g., always wearing the same socks, eating the same meal or listening to the same music on game day? Do they serve actually serve a purpose? 39A – Halloween Special II: Effects of Fear...
424 What is the difference between an action capacity and a skill? How can we better connect the two through Affordance Theory?Download link More information:Subscribe in iOS/AppleSubscribe in Android/GoogleMy Research Gate Page (pdfs of my articles)My ASU Web pagePodcast Facebook page (videos, pics, etc)Email: robgray@asu.edu Support the podcast and receive bonus content
423 I am joined by Elina Nijmeijer and Anne Benjaminse from the University of Groningen to talk about their interesting new work on implicit training to reduce injury risk in athletes. Download link Articles:Optimal and suboptimal video instructions change movement execution in young talented basketball players More information:Subscribe in iOS/AppleSubscribe in Android/GoogleMy Research Gate Page...
422 What is the best way to train multiple movements, like the serve, set and pass in volleyball, in parallel? Are the effects we see when interleaving different movements more consistent with an information processing or ecological approach?Download link Articles:Learning Multiple Movements in Parallel—Accurately and in Random Order, or Each with Added Noise? More information:Subscribe...
421 An interview with Julia Blau and Jeff Wagman about their new Introduction to Ecological Psychology textbook.Download link Articles:Introduction to Ecological Psychology More information:Subscribe in iOS/AppleSubscribe in Android/GoogleMy Research Gate Page (pdfs of my articles)My ASU Web pagePodcast Facebook page (videos, pics, etc)Email: robgray@asu.edu Support the podcast and receive bonus content
420 Is creativity in sports rooted in divergent thinking – the cognitive ability to generate a lot of ideas or in having a diverse set of motor skills? And a preview of the 2022 Baseball Skill Acquisition Summit.Download link Articles & Links:Creative actions in team sports are rooted in motor skills rather than in a...
419 How do different S&C training methods support injury prevention. For example, which is better for learning a squat – external focus of attention instructions, self-controlled feedback or differential learning?Download link Articles:Comparing the Effects of Differential Learning, Self-Controlled Feedback, and External Focus of Attention Training on Biomechanical Risk Factors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) in...
418 How can we use data from movement analyses to aid the design of S&C activities and skill practice? Data-driven training for soccer goalkeeping.Download link Articles:Data-driven strength and conditioning, and technical training programs for goalkeeper’s diving save in football More information:Subscribe in iOS/AppleSubscribe in Android/GoogleMy Research Gate Page (pdfs of my articles)My ASU Web pagePodcast...
417 A case study in how we should be doing theoretically-based task analyses of practice activities: the Rondo in soccer. Will the activity achieve its goals? Is it representative? Does it foster creativity and functional variability? Will it transfer to competition? My interview with Karl Marius Aksum.Download link Links:https://twitter.com/aksumfootball/status/1555122997433774080 https://www.linkedin.com/in/karl-marius-aksum-27691010a/ More information:Subscribe in iOS/AppleSubscribe in...
416 How do motor synergies develop when we learning to catch a ball? How is this development shaped by the constraints imposed on the performer such as the information available during practice, the actions catching is nested within like postural control, and disorders like DCD?Download link Articles:One more time about motor (and non‑motor) synergiesManipulating Visual...
415 What is hysteresis in movement coordination? How can it be use to explain how the history and sequence of events influence an athlete’s performance – without the need to bring in memory or inference processes?Download link Articles:Baseball Catching Patterns Differ According to Task ConstraintsThe application of co-ordination dynamics to the analysis of discrete movements...
414 Is there one ideal gaze strategy for performing a sports skill as has been suggested by the quiet eye research? My interview with Ben Franks from Oxford Brookes University looking st some of his research taking an ecological, individualized view of the quiet eye.Download link Articles:A Descriptive Case Study of Skilled Football Goalkeepers During...
413 Can athletes perceive which balls, sticks, bats, racquets, etc afford the greatest opportunity for hitting, throwing, etc? What information do they use for this and how does it relate to Gibson’s concept of dynamic touch? How can we use this better design and fit sports equipment?Download link Articles:Perceiving the sweet spotLearning to throw to...
412 So, by now we all know movement variability is good! But it’s not all good. A look at a framework for categorizing different types of movement variability and how it might allow us to better design training to enhance the good.Download link Articles:A Proposed Framework to Describe Movement Variability within Sporting Tasks: A Scoping...
411 How do instructions about task constraints influence how a performer searches for a movement solution? Is movement variability still beneficial even when you guide a performer towards the optimal solution?Download link Articles:Instructions on Task Constraints Mediate Perceptual-Motor Search and How Movement Variability Relates to Performance Outcome More information:Subscribe in iOS/AppleSubscribe in Android/GoogleMy Research Gate...
410 What are the combined effects of manipulating practice variability (for example, blocked vs random) and errorful versus errorless practice, which know influence implicit learning.Download link Articles:An Examination of the Contextual Interference Effect and the Errorless Learning Model during Motor Learning More information:Subscribe in iOS/AppleSubscribe in Android/GoogleMy Research Gate Page (pdfs of my articles)My ASU...
409 My interview with James Vaughn discussing his recent case study of the role of social and cultural constraints on skill development in team sports.Download link Articles:Social and Cultural Constraints on Football Player Development in Stockholm: Influencing Skill, Learning, and Wellbeing More information:Subscribe in iOS/AppleSubscribe in Android/GoogleMy Research Gate Page (pdfs of my articles)My ASU...
408 Do external focus of attention instructions promote more movement variability? Do we have to prescribe the fundamentals to an athlete before we allow athletes to explore movement solutions?Download link Articles:Female Athletes Exhibit Greater Trial-to-Trial Coordination Variability When Provided with Instructions Promoting an External FocusIs Prescription of Specific Movement Form Necessary for Optimal Skill Development?...
407 How can we apply the principles of ecological dynamics to coaching ice hockey goaltenders? What has research shown about skill acquisition in goalkeeping?Download link More information:Subscribe in iOS/AppleSubscribe in Android/GoogleMy Research Gate Page (pdfs of my articles)My ASU Web pagePodcast Facebook page (videos, pics, etc)Email: robgray@asu.edu Support the podcast and receive bonus content
406 My interview with Harry Ramsey and Matt Dicks to discuss their interesting new paper – Maximising Grip on Deception and Disguise: Expert Sports Performance During Competitive Interactions. How can we understand deception in an ecological approach? How should we be studying these phenomena?Download link Articles: Maximising Grip on Deception and Disguise: Expert Sports Performance...