Nursing Mnemonics Podcast by NURSING.com (Nursing Podcast, NCLEX® Prep for nursing students): Recent Episodes
Jon Haws RN
By Jon Haws RN: Critical Care Nurse NCLEX Educator
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Quick . . . list all the signs and symptoms of Appendicitis! Are you sweating a bit? Nervous? We have your back. In this series, we give you over 80 different mnemonics to keep ALL the essential info in mind exactly when you need it!
From hypernatremia to intrauterine devices we cover a variety of topics to help you remember all the need-to-know nursing info!
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Outline The 3 C’s * C-Choking * C-Coughing * C-Cyanosis
Description A tracheal esophageal fistula (TEF) is a congenital abnormality in which there is an opening between the trachea and the esophagus. Surgery is required to repair the opening before a baby can receive oral nutrition. Signs and symptoms to identify TEF are choking, coughing, and cyanosis.
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Outline FINES * F-Feeding difficulty * I-Inspiratory Stridor * N-Nares Flares * E-Expiratory Grunting * S-Sternal Retractions
Description The above signs are indications that the patient is attempting to draw in more oxygen. The patient will begin to compensate for the decreased tissue oxygenation by exhibiting the following signs and symptoms.
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Outline CLEFT LIP * C-Choking * L-Lie on back * E-Evaluate Airway * F-Feed Slowly * T-Teaching * L-Larger nipple opening * I-Increased incidence in males * P-Prevent crust formation and aspiration
Description Cleft lip is a congenital slit in the skin above the lip, typically also associated with a cleft palate. The typical treatment is reconstructive surgery. Post op care includes monitoring for choking. Baby should lie on their back during sleep to prevent trauma to sutures. Make sure to evaluate the airway and ensure it is open and monitor for aspiration. Feed the baby slowly in an upright position with a larger nipple opening. Prevent crust formation. Lastly, provide teaching to parents regarding feeding and common care.
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Outline CHILD ABUSE * C-Child’s excessive knowledge of sex and abusive words * H-Hair growth in various lengths * I-Inconsistent stories from the child and parent/s * L-Low self-esteem * D-Depression * A-Apathy, no emotion * B-Bruised * U-Unusual injuries * S-Serious injuries * E-Evidence of old injuries
Description Child abuse can be in many forms; physical, sexual, emotional, or neglect. Any act of commission or omission by a caregiver that harms or may cause harm to a child is child abuse. As a healthcare professional it is important to be in-tune with the preceding warning signs or indicators of child abuse.
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Outline 2A 1V * 2A-Two Areolas, Two Arteries * 1V-One Vagina, One Vein
Description To remember the vasculature in the umbilical cord, remember that the mom has: Two areolas; One Vagina. So, there are Two umbilical arteries, one umbilical vein.
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Outline ACHES * A-Abdominal Pain * C-Chest Pain * H-Headache * E-Eye Problems * S-Severe Leg Pain
Description Because oral contraceptives can cause clots, we should monitor for the following serious complications in patients taking oral contraceptives: abdominal pain, chest pain, headache, eye problems, swelling or aching in the legs or thighs.
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Outline NNN * N-Non-reactive * N-Non-Stress test is * N-Not good
Description A non-reactive result in a non-stress test is not good. During a non-stress test the fetal heart rate is monitored during movement. A reactive result is a good sign indicating intact central and autonomic nervous system. A reactive non-stress test result would be 2 accelerations to a certain level for greater than 15 seconds within a 20 minute period. If this does not occur the test is non-reactive.
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Outline PAINS * P-Period (menstrual: late, spotting, bleeding) * A-Abdominal pain, dyspareunia (painful intercourse) * I-Infection (abnormal vaginal discharge) * N-Not feeling well, fever or chills * S-String missing
Description An intrauterine device is inserted into the uterus and is used to prevent pregnancy. There are two different types: hormonal and copper IUD.
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Outline HELLP * H-Hemolysis * E-Elevated * L-Liver function tests * L-Low * P-Platelet count
Description HELLP syndrome is a severe and life-threatening complication, typically related to preeclampsia. It typically occurs in the third trimester.The defining characteristics are hemolysis (breakdown of red blood cells), elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count.
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Outline ALONE * A-Amniocentesis * L-L/S Ratio * O-Oxytocin Test * N-Non-Stress Test * E-Estriol Level
Description An amniocentesis is performed during the prenatal period. A needle is inserted to obtain a sample of amniotic fluid, which can be used to identify chromosomal abnormalities. L/S ratio compares lecithin– phosphatidyl choline to sphingomyelin to identify infant lung maturity. The oxytocin test measures fetal heart rate during contractions induced by oxytocin. A non-stress test measures fetal heart rate while baby is at rest and while baby is moving. Estriol levels in mother’s blood can be a marker for fetal well-being.
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Outline VEAL CHOP * V-Variable * E-Early * A-Accelerations * L-Late * C-Cord Compression * H-Head Compression * O-Okay * P-Placental Insufficiency
A fetal acceleration is an abrupt increase in fetal heart rate above the established baseline. A fetal deceleration is a decrease in fetal heart rate below the established fetal heart rate. The VEAL CHOP nursing mnemonic can be used to help remember how to interpret fetal heart rate during labor. For example, early decelerations in FHR (fetal heart rate) indicate head compression. It is typical for decels in FHR during a contraction because of head compression, but FHR should return to normal when contraction ends.
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Outline REEDA * R-Redness * E-Edema * E-Ecchymosis * D-Discharge, Drainage * A-Approximation
Description Redness with pain, excess edema, ecchymosis (bruising), or discharge/drainage from the wound can all be signs of problems with healing after an episiotomy. Wound edges should be well approximated. Topical ointments and ice packs may be indicated if there is pain or excess swelling, or other signs of infection.
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Outline The 4 T’s * T-Tetralogy of Fallot * T-Truncus Arteriosus * T-Transposition of the Great Vessels * T-Tricuspid Atresia
Description Cyanotic heart defects are a group of congenital heart defects that result from deoxygenated blood by-passing the lungs and going into systemic circulation. Tetralogy of Fallot includes 4 anatomical abnormalities that are pictured below. Truncus Arteriosus is a condition where the pulmonary trunk and aorta don’t properly divide in development. This results in one large vessel carrying mixed blood to the heart, lungs, and systemic circulation. Transportation of the Great Vessels is a condition where vessels are swapped or may be in abnormal positions. Tricuspid Atresia is a condition where there is no tricuspid valve, which leads to an undersized or absent right ventricle.
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Outline DIG FAST * D-Distractibility * I-Indiscretion * G-Grandiosity * F-Flight of Ideas * A-Activity Increase * S-Sleep Deficit * T-Talkative
Manic attack signs and symptoms nursing mnemonic description The above signs would be indicative of a patient experiencing a manic episode. A manic episode is a state in which the patient experiences abnormally elevated mood, typically lasting at least one week. Think of a dog ‘manically’ digging for a bone.
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Outline SIGNS * S-Sleep Disturbances * I-Interest Decreased * G-Guilty Feelings * N-No Energy * S-Sadness (Crying spells)
Description Monitor for these SIGNS in patients that may be at risk for depression.
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Outline DEMENTIA * DEMENTIA Make certain they don’t have problems with: * D-Drugs and alcohol * E-Eyes and ears * M-Metabolic and endocrine disorders * E-Emotional disorders * N-Neurologic disorders * T-Tumors and trauma * I-Infection * A-Arteriovascular disease
Description When assessing a patient for dementia it is important to ensure that one of the following listed conditions isn’t an underlying cause for the dementia symptoms.
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Outline ANOREXIA * A-Amenorrhea * N-No organic factors accounts for weight loss * O-Obviously thin but feels FAT * R-Refusal to maintain normal body weight * E-Epigastric discomfort is common * X-X-symptoms (peculiar symptoms) * I-Intense fears of gaining weight * A-Always thinking of food
Description Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder characterized by low body weight and periods of starvation or binging and purging. The lack of adequate nutrition and fat stores can lead to amenorrhea. Patients with anorexia will feel fat even if underweight, as anorexia is an unhealthy way to cope with emotional problems. Binging and purging can lead to damage of the GI tract and epigastric discomfort. Some peculiar symptoms may also be seen: abnormal blood counts, bluish discoloration of the fingers, hair that thins, breaks or falls out, or soft downy hair covering the body.
BULIMIA * B-Binge eating * U-Under strict dieting * L-Lacks control/over-eating Induced vomiting * M-Minimum of two binge eating episodes * I-Increase/Persistent concern of body size/shape * A-Abuse of diuretics and laxatives
Description Bulimia is an eating disorder characterized by binging and purging. Patients may go through periods of excessive eating and then try to purge be inducing vomiting, taking laxatives or diuretics, or going through periods of fasting.
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Outline BAD * B-Brain Damage * A-Alcoholic Hallucinations * D-Death
Description Abuse of alcohol can lead to very BAD outcomes. Emergent treatment should be provided for patients who have overdosed.
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Outline AEIOU * A-Acid-Base Problems * E-Electrolyte Problems * I-Intoxications * O-Overload of fluids * U-Uremic Symptoms
Description As a patient progresses from chronic kidney disease to end stage renal disease the need for dialysis becomes more imminent. When the kidneys are no longer able to filter the blood alone you will see problematic metabolic acidosis since they kidneys can’t excrete excess acids that are in the blood. During kidney failure, excess potassium isn’t excreted and levels will start to rise. The kidneys help remove certain medications from the body, and when they aren’t working, toxicity can occur even with normal doses. Patients with ESRD become fluid overloaded due to inadequate urine production. Uremia will occur as the body can’t excrete enough urea.
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Outline TRAUMATIC * T-Tissue Perfusion Problems * R-Respiratory Problems * A-Anxiety * U-Unstable Clotting Factors * M-Malnutrition * A-Altered Body Image * T-Thromboembolism / fat embolism * I-Infection * C-Coping Problems
Description In trauma the patient needs to be quickly assessed for adequate perfusion as part of the trauma survey. Trauma can lead to overt or covert blood loss resulting in shock. If there is significant blood loss, the patient may develop disseminated intravascular coagulation as they begin to deplete their available clotting factors.
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Outline ABCDEFGHI * A-Airway * B-Breathing * C-Circulation * D-Disability * E-Expose / Examine * F-Full set of Vitals * G-Give Comfort Measures * H-Head to Toe Assessment * I-Inspect Posterior
Description Rapid assessment and treatment of the trauma patient is essential to their overall survival. Working through this framework will aid in remembering where to focus your efforts. Always remember your ABC and patient safety. Once those have been secured, you can move on to less vital components.
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Outline P-DIAPERS * P-Psychologic * D-Delirium * I-Infection * A-Atrophic Urethra * P-Pharmaceuticals – blood pressure medication, antidepressants, diuretics, sleeping pills * E-Excess Urine Output * R-Restricted Mobility * S-Stool Impaction
Description These are common causes of transient incontinence – when a patient cannot hold their urine and becomes incontinent without warning, periodically. This occurs in children and commonly in older adults
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Outline The 6 T’s * T-Tachycardia * T-Tachypnea * T-Tremors * T-Toxic look * T-Tiredness * T-Temperature (fever)
Description Sepsis is a systemic response to inflammation as a result of uncontrolled infection. There is also a release of cytokines which lead to further inflammation and vascular dilation. Blood is shunted from the essential organs to non essential organs (the skin) leading to increased body temperature (along with response to infection). The heart begins to beat faster in response to the infection and to the decreased cardiac output as a result of the massive vasodilation.
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Outline MAD DOG * M-Morphine * A-Aminophylline * D-Digitalis * D-Diuretics * O-Oxygen * G-Gases
Description The therapeutic managment for a patient with pulmonary edema
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Outline FUN * F-Frequency * U-Urgency * N-Nocturia
Description As a patient begins to develop prostate enlargement they will start to demonstrate urinary symptoms including those listed below.
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Outline POOPER SCOOP * Promotion: * P-Position * O-Output * O-Offer Fluids * P-Privacy * E-Exercise * R-Report Results * Evaluation: * S-Size (Amount) * C-Consistency * O-Occult Blood * O-Odor * P-Peristalsis
Description Use the mnemonic POOPER to remember things that will promote normal bowel function, and SCOOP to remember what to evaluate about a patient’s bowel movement.
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Outline PERRLA * P-Pupils * E-Equal * R-Round * R-Reactive * L-Light * A-Accommadation
Description Under normal circumstances the pupils will be equally round, react briskly to light, and will also accommodate when an item moves closer.
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Outline OPQRST * O-Onset * P-Provoke or palliative * Q-Quality or character * R-Region or radiation * S-Signs, severity, symptoms * T-Time of onset, duration and intensity
Description It is important not only to assess and document pain, but also assess and document the following characteristics so that the appropriate interventions occur.
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Outline ACCESS * A-Alcohol use * C-Corticosteroids * C-Calcium use * E-Estrogen low * S-Smoking * S-Sedentary lifestyle
Description Common risk factors for osteoporosis
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Outline ABCDE * A-Asymmetry- is the mole irregular in shape? * B-Border- is the border irregular, notched, or poorly defined? * C-Color- does the color vary (for example, between shades of brown, red, white, blue, or black)? * D-Diameter- is the diameter more than 6 mm? * E-Elevation or Evolution – is it raised or has it changed in the last 6 months
Description Evaluation of irregular moles that could possibly be cancerous
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Outline MONATAS * M-Morphine * O-Oxygen * N-Nitrates (Nitroglycerin) * A-Aspirin (ASA) * T-Thrombolytics * A-Anticoagulants * S-Stool Softeners
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Outline MONATAS * M-Morphine * O-Oxygen * N-Nitrates (Nitroglycerin) * A-Aspirin (ASA)
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Outline I have a RIGHT to CAMP if you LEFT off the AC * Right * C-coronary * A-artery * M-marginal artery * P-posterior intraventricular artery * Left * A-anterior descending artery * C-circumflex artery
Description Locations of the different coronary arteries on the right and left sides
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Outline ANT * A-Anemia * N-Neutropenia * T-Thrombocytopenia
Description Leukemia can lead to anemia as it will disrupt the production of blood within the bone marrow. Neutropenia is a natural result of leukemia as the body’s supply of white blood cells is decreased. Thrombocytopenia is a reduced platelet count which can also result from leukemia, especially in infants.
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Outline HEAD - Right Sided * H-Hepatomegaly * E-Edema (Bipedal) * A-Ascites * D-Distended Neck Veins
CHOP - Left-Sided * C-Cough * H-Hemoptysis * O-Orthopnea * P-Pulmonary Congestion (crackles/rales)
Description Right sided heart failure will primarily manifest as central edema as the right side of the heart takes fluid from the body and moves it forward. If this portion of the pump is broken, fluid will become “backed up” behind the pump and therefore within the body.
Left sided heart failure will primarily manifest as pulmonary edema as the left side of the heart moves blood from the lungs throughout the body. If this portion of the pump is broken the blood will become “backed up” within the lungs. Left sided heart failure can often lead to right sided heart failure.
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Outline HIPER * H-Heat * I-Indurations (hardening) * P-Pain * E-Edema * R-Redness
Description In response to tissue damage the body elicits the inflammatory response in attempt to rid itself of the initial offender. These attempts can sometimes become more of a problem than a solution.
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Outline RAT BED * Early Hypoxia: * R-Restlessness * A-Anxiety * T-Tachycardia / Tachypnea * Late Hypoxia: * B-Bradycardia * E-Extreme Restlessness * D-Dyspnea
Description Patients experiencing hypoxia will initially demonstrate signs of anxiety and restlessness. As hypoxia continues, the patients conditions deteriorates to bradycardia and dyspnea.
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Outline TIRED * T-Tachycardia * I-Irritability * R-Restless * E-Excessive Hunger * D-Diaphoresis / Depression
Description During hypoglycemia the serum glucose level is too low. Cells of the body can’t get adequate energy supply when there is not enough sugar in the blood. You will feel TIRED and have the symptoms listed above.
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Outline The 4 C’s * C-Coronary Artery Disease * C-Coronary Rheumatic Fever * C-Congestive Heart Failure * C-Cerebral Vascular Accident
Description Complications of untreated hypertension
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Outline Hyper * Dry & Hot = Sugar High
Hypo * Cold & Clammy = Needs Candy
Description During hyperglycemia, a patient is dehydrated with elevated blood sugars. You can also remember “High and Dry” During hypoglycemia , patient is cold and clammy and they need carb source to bring their sugar back up
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Outline APE To Man * A-Aortic * P-Pulmonic * E-Erbs points * T-Tricuspid * M-Mitral
Description Aortic and Pulmonic (A&P): 2 words, 2 spaces; these coincide in that they are both in the 2nd intercostal space. A is immediately to the right of the sternum, P is immediately to the left of the sternum. Erb’s point: Erb has 3 letters; you can find this point in the 3rd intercostal space (just to the left of the sternum), also the 3rd space to auscultate Tricuspid: 5th intercostal, just to the left of the sternum. Tri = 3, this is the fourth place to auscultate in the 5th intercostal space! Mitral: Mit sounds similar to mid.. Midclavicular area and straight down just below nipple line.
Another variation of this mnemonic is:
All People Enjoy Time Magazine The idea is the same . . . A.P.E.T.M . . . once you nail this you will be a pro at heart assessment.
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Outline BROW * B-Barley * R-Rye * O-Oats * W-Wheat
Description Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley and rye. People with gluten allergies can be affected by even trace amount of gluten in foods. If they don’t feel good, they’ll furrow their BROW. Oats do not contain gluten, but they are often milled in the same factories as wheat. Always check food labels to make sure a product is gluten free.
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Outline FIT * F- Frequency (3x per week) * I-Intensity (60-80% of Maximal Heart Rate) * T-Time (Aerobic Activity)
Description If you want to get FIT, follow these guidelines for exercise!
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Outline AIR RAID * A-Airway Closed * I-Increased Pulse * R-Restlessness * R-Retractions- occur when the muscles between the ribs pull inward * A-Anxiety * I-Increased Inspiratory Stridor- high-pitched breath sound resulting from turbulent airflow in the larynx * D-Drooling
Description The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the entrance to our airway when we swallow food. Inflammation of the epiglottis can close off the airway entirely.
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Outline BRAT * B-Banana * R-Rice * A-Apple * T-Toast
Description The BRAT diet is a bland diet that is low in protein, fiber, and fat. It is thought to be easy on the GI tract and helpful to lesson diarrhea. It is not used commonly anymore because of the lack of protein in the diet.
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Outline Oh Oh Oh To Touch And Feel Very Good Velvet AH! * O-Olfactory * O-Optic * O-Oculomotor * T-Trochlear * T-Trigeminal * A-Abducens * F-Facial * V-Vestibulocochlear * G-Glossopharyngeal * V-Vagus * A-Accessory * H-Hypoglossal
Description This is one mnemonic that can help you remember the order of the twelve cranial nerves. Remember the Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI) can also be called the “Accessory”
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Outline Please Read His Text * P-Peripheral edema * R-Raised JVP * H-Hepatomegaly * T-Tricuspid incompetence
Description Cor pulmonale is an enlargement of the right side of the heart caused by a problem with the lungs or pulmonary vessels. This pneumonic represents the symptoms
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Outline The 5 P’s Nursing Mnemonic * P-Pain * P-Paresthesia * P-Paralysis * P-Pulse * P-Pallor (Paleness)
Description Check for the 5 P’s in every neurovascular check. For example, when the patient has a cast, or had some sort of orthopedic or vascular procedure
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Outline SLUD * S-Salivation * L-Lacrimation * U-Urination * D-Defecation
Description A cholinergic crisis can occur if the body stops properly breaking down Acetylcholine. This can cause overactivity of Acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholine is part of Rest & Digest (Parasympathetic) – so we see overactive digestion and secretion.
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Outline UNLOAD FAST * U-sit Upright * N-Nitro * L-Lasix * O-Oxygen * A-Aminophylline * D-Digoxin * F-Fluids – decrease * A-Afterload – decrease * S-Sodium – decrease * T-Tests: dig level, ABG, K+
Description These treatments used in conjunction will help in reducing the symptoms and complications associated with CHF.
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Outline Toilet Paper My Ass * T-Tricuspid * P-Pulmonic * M-Mitral * A-Aortic
Description This simple mnemonic helps to remember the order in which blood passes through the four heart valves in sequential order.
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Outline CAUTION UP * C-Change in bowel or bladder * A-A lesion that does not heal * U-Unusual bleeding or discharge * T-Thickening or lump in breast or elsewhere * I-Indigestion or difficulty swallowing * O-Obvious changes in wart or mole * N-Nagging cough or persistent hoarseness * U-Unexplained weight loss * P-Pernicious Anemia
Description Cancer can sometimes be difficult to identify, but the earlier it is detected the better chance treatment will be effective.
Outline CANCER * C-Comfort * A-Altered Body Image * N-Nutrition * C-Chemotherapy * E-Evaluate response to meds * R-Respite for caretakers
Description These are the top nursing priorities for a patient with CANCER
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Outline RANDI * R-Razor Electric/Blades * A-Aspirin * N-Needles- small gauge * D-Decrease needle sticks * I-Injury (Protect from)
Description If a patient is taking an anticoagulant to prevent blood clots there is increase risk for bleeding. Be careful with blades when shaving. Do not take aspirin as it interferes with blood clotting and can magnify the effect of the medication. Avoid excess needle sticks and protect the patient from injury.
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Outline ASTHMA * A-Adrenergic (albuterol) * S-Steroids * T-Theophylline * H-Hydration (IV) * M-Mask (oxygen) * A-Antibiotics
Description The therapeutic management for a patient with asthma. Asthma is a spasming of the airways, which causes difficulty breathing.
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Outline PAINS * P-Pain in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen * A-Anorexia-loss of appetite * I-Increased temperature, WBC (15,000-20,000) * N-Nausea * S-Signs (McBurney’s, Psoas)
Description Psoas sign is pain when a patient extends their thigh while lying on their side with knees extended. It indicates irritation to certain abdominal muscles.
McBurney’s sign is if there is deep tenderness at McBurney’s point, which is located on the right side of the abdomen, one-third the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the navel.
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Outline ROME * R-Respiratory * O-Opposite * M-Metabolic * E-Equal
Description First look at the pH: if it is low it is acidosis, high indicates alkalosis. Second use the ROME mnemonic to determine if you have respiratory vs. metabolic. For Metabolic look at HCO3. For Respiratory, look at pCO2.
Metabolic Acidosis – pH Low, HCO3 Low. Metabolic Alkalosis – pH High, HCO3 High. Respiratory Acidosis – pH Low, pCO2 High. Respiratory Alkalosis – pH High, pCO2 Low.
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Outline AEIOU TIPS * A-Alcohol/durgs * E-Endocrine * I-Insulin * O-Overdose * U-Uremia * T-Trauma * I-Infection * P-Psychiatric * S-Shock
Description There are many reasons why a patient may present with altered mental status. Neurological injury is not the only reason for AMS! Make sure you explore all possibilities.
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Outline The 5 A’s * A-Amnesia – loss of memories * A-Anomia – unable to recall names of everyday objects * A-Apraxia – unable to perform tasks of movement * A-Agnosia – inability to process sensory information * A-Aphasia – disruption with ability to communicate
Description The 5 A’s of Alzhemiers Disease. These signs point to a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Type Dementia
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Outline The 3 S’s * S-Sugar (Glucocorticoids) * S-Salt (Mineralcorticoids) * S-Sex (Androgens)
Description There are three different adrenal gland hormones which can be remembered as the 3 Ss: sugar (glucocorticoids) affects glucose utilization, fat metabolism and aid in reducing inflammation. Salt (mineralcorticoids) plays a role in electrolyte regulation. Androgens are commonly referred to as sex hormones.
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Outline All Dogs Eat Kibble * A-Vitamin A * D-Vitamin D * E-Vitamin E * K-Vitamin K
Description Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all fat soluble vitamins. Dogs get fat eating too much kibble
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Outline 6 S’s * S-Sugar – hyperglycemia * S-Soggy Bones – causes osteoporosis * S-Sick – decreased immunity * S-Sad – depression * S-Salt – water and salt retention (hypertension) * S-Sex – decreased libido
Description Steroids are an effective treatment for asthma, COPD, Crohn’s, Lupus and more. However,they have the potential for very serious side effects, which are indicated by the 6 S’s. Steroids can be taken by mouth, via an inhaler, topically, or via injection.
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Outline TRACTION * T-Temperature (Extremity, Infection) * R-Ropes hang freely * A-Alignment * C-Circulation Check (5 Ps) * T-Type & Location of fracture * I-Increase fluid intake * O-Overhead trapeze * N-No weights on bed or floor
Description Nursing care and responsibilities with patients in traction
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Outline RICE * R-Rest * I-Ice * C-Compression * E-Elevation
Description These four basic interventions can help to alleviate the symptoms of a sprain or a strain. A strain is excessive stretching of muscle. A sprain is excessive stretching of ligament.
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Outline AAPIE (An Apple PIE) * A-Assessment * A-Analysis * P-Planning * I-Implementation * E-Evaluation
Description These are the steps of the nursing process. Gather information, determine the problem and the best approach. Implement your interventions, and then evaluate! Never skip a step!!
Hi NURSING.com family.
You can now prep for the NCLEX Anywhere!
We just released a new Podcast show, “NCLEX Flash Notes.” This is the perfect NCLEX review, and as ALWAYS, we have pulled out the MOST important info that you need to become an Amazing nurse!
Listen in each week while we review the critical topics you need to pass the NCLEX Exam. Each episode will cover different MUST-know nursing topics, with a perfect overview of all you need to know.
Our new show is NCLEX Flash Notes.
Just click the link below for a direct link to the show on either iTunes OR Spotify!
https://nursing.com/flashnotes
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Outline ADPIE (A Delicious PIE) * A-Assessment * D-Diagnosis * P-Planning * I-Implementation * E-Evaluation
Description These are the steps of the nursing process. Gather information, determine the problem and the best approach. Implement your interventions, and then evaluate! Never skip a step!!
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Outline SCUM * S-Shopping * C-Cooking and Cleaning * U-Using telephone or transportation * M-Managing money and medications
Description The instrumental activities of daily living are used to determine a patient’s ability to carry out necessary functions for independent living. If they are unable to manage the activities below, they will likely require some sort of assistance from family or a home health agency, etc.
Hi NURSING.com family. Are you getting ready for the NCLEX?? This show is the perfect NCLEX review, and as ALWAYS, we have pulled out the MOST important info that you need to become an Amazing nurse!
Listen in each week while we review 77 critical topics you need to pass the NCLEX-RN Exam. Each episode will cover these MUST-know nursing topics with a perfect overview.
Our new show is NCLEX Flash Notes. You can search that in apple podcasts or spotify and pull up the SHOW. NCLEX Flash Notes
NCLEX Flash Notes is your go-to last-minute refresher for the NCLEX exam. Cut through the fluff and get straight to the essential information with this free resource.
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Outline BEEP * B-Bleeding gums * E-Epistaxis (nose bleeds) * E-Ecchymosis (bruising) * P-Petechiae
Description Use the mnemonic BEEP to remember minor bleeding precautions. Think – if the patient sees any bleeding, they’ll BEEP the call light!
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Outline COAL * C-Cane * O-Opposite * A-Affected * L-Leg
Description When teaching a patient how to walk with a cane it is important to instruct them to keep the cane on the opposite side of the affected extremity.
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Outline MR DICE RUNS * M-Muscular * R-Respiratory * * D-Digestive * I-Integumentary * C-Circulatory * E-Endocrine * R-Reproductive * U-Urinary * N-Nervous * S-Skeletal
Description To remember the 10 major body systems.
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Outline BATTED * B-Bathing * A-Ambulation * T-Toileting * T-Transfers * E-Eating * D-Dressing
Description When assessing a patient’s ability to care for him or herself at home we must assess their ability to complete activities of daily living. A patient’s ability to bath, walk, and toilet on their own will help us determine the level of care they will need when they leave the hospital.
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Outline SAMS * S-Slurred Speech * A-Altered Central Nervous System * M-Muscle Twitching * S-Seizures
Description Lidocaine is an anesthetic that prevents painful impulses from reaching the brain. These are signs that the patient may have had too much lidocaine (like buying in bulk)
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Outline LEAN * L-Lidocaine * E-Epinephrine * A-Atropine Sulfate * N-Narcan
Description The above drugs work in a variety of emergency settings, they are good drugs to LEAN on. Lidocaine can be used in emergency situations for ventricular arrhythmias. Epinephrine is a vital drug in the ACLS protocol. Atropine can be given with symptomatic bradycardia. Narcan is a reversal agent for opiate overdose.
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Outline These Drugs Can Interact * T-Theophylline * D-Dilantin * C-Coumadin * I-llosone (Erythromycin)
Description Coumadin and ilosone: Ilosone can increase the effects of Coumadin, increase risk for bleeding. Coumadin and Dilantin: potential for increased effects of both. Coumadin and Dilantin: Increased Coumadin metabolism (decreased effect). Theophylline and Dilantin: if taken orally they can interfere with absorption of each other and decrease medication effect.
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Outline SLUDGE * S-Salivation * L-Lacrimation * U-Urination * D-Defecation * G-Gastric upset * E-Emesis
Description A cholinergic crisis can occur if the body stops properly breaking down Acetylcholine. This can cause overactivity of Acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholine is part of Rest & Digest (Parasympathetic) – so we see overactive digestion and secretion.
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Outline IDEA * I-Isoproterenol * D-Dopamine * E-Epinephrine * A-Atropine * S-Sulfate
Description This refers to symptomatic bradycardia and hypotension. Bradycardia and hypotension are not necessarily adverse clinical findings requiring treatment in and of themselves.
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Outline 1 Heart, 2 Lungs * BETA 1-One Heart * BETA 2-Two Lungs
Description Beta 1 adrenergic receptors are mostly found in the heart. Beta 2 adrenergic receptors are found in lungs, GI tract, vascular smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, liver. Beta 1 beta blockers act primarily on the heart. Beta 2 beta blockers act primarily on the lungs.
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Outline Kick Up, Drop Down * K-alKalosis, pH Kicks up * D-aciDosis, pH Drops down
Description Alkalosis has a K, therefore it is Kicking the pH UP! | Acidosis has a D, therefore it is dropping the pH DOWN!
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Outline PISO * P-Potassium * I-Inside the cell * S-Sodium * O-Outside the cell
Description Potassium and sodium are the two most abundant cations in the body and have an inverse relationship in regards to intracellular and extracellular concentrations. Potassium is primarily located within the cell and sodium is primarily located outside the cell.
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Outline SALT LOSS * S-Stupor/coma * A-Anorexia, N&V * L-Lethargy * T-Tendon reflexes decreased * L-Limp muscles (weakness) * O-Orthostatic hypotension * S-Seizures/headache * S-Stomach cramping
Description Hyponatremia is decreased levels of sodium in the blood. It can be caused by inadequate sodium or excess free water which leads to lower concentration of sodium. Sodium and potassium work together to allow depolarization of muscles. Low sodium levels can limit this ability and cause muscle weakness. Sodium in the blood helps maintain the oncotic pressure. If fluid leaves the blood vessels, it can lead to decreased blood pressure.
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Outline 6 L’s * L-Lethargy * L-Leg cramps * L-Limp muscles * L-Low, shallow respirations * L-Lethal cardiac dysrythmias * L-Lots of urine (polyuria)
Description Hypokalemia is LOW potassium, which starts with L. So the 6 L’s can help you recognize the signs and symptoms of LOW potassium or hypokalemia
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Outline GROANS, MOANS, BONES, STONES, OVERTONES * GROANS-Constipation * MOANS-Joint pain * BONES-Loss of calcium from bones * STONES-Kidney stones * OVERTONES-psychiatric overtones (confusion, depression)
Description The BONES store the most calcium – remember these words that rhyme with BONES to help you remember possible signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia.
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Outline MODEL * M-Medications / Meals * O-Osmotic diuretics * D-Diabetes insipidus * E-Excessive water loss * L-Low water intake
Description Think “Salt Modeling Agency” – Use the word MODEL to remember the causes of hypernatremia
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Outline Universally Odd * U-Universal Donor * O-Only receive from O
Description Picture Type O as a huge circle, like the universe, because they are the universal donor. They can give to everyone. However, also think of them as the “odd man out” because they can only receive type O as well. They are universally odd, able to give to all but only receive from themselves!
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We have 3 unbelievably effective ways to stay organized in nursing school. These are actually very simple and can be implemented immediately. Even more importantly they will make a drastic difference for you, not just in nursing school but in life in general.
If you have been struggling to keep track of all that you have to do and learn in nursing school you are not alone. Nursing school is hard, but we will help you be organized in nursing school starting today.
3 Unbelievable Effective Tips
The key to these tips is that they will help you reduce stress enabling you to be more prepared for what comes and helping you to be more effective.
- Prepare the night before
- Arrive early
- Get in the zone
Left sided heart failure will primarily manifest as pulmonary edema as the left side of the heart moves blood from the lungs throughout the body. If this portion of the pump is broken the blood will become “backed up” within the lungs. Left sided heart failure can often lead to right sided heart failure.
In response to tissue damage the body elicits the inflammatory response in attempt to rid itself of the initial offender. These attempts can sometimes become more of a problem than a solution.
During hypoglycemia the serum glucose level is too low. Cells of the body can’t get adequate energy supply when there is not enough sugar in the blood. You will feel TIRED and have the symptoms listed above.
Patients experiencing hypoxia will initially demonstrate signs of anxiety and restlessness. As hypoxia continues, the patients conditions deteriorates to bradycardia and dyspnea.
During hyperglycemia, a patient is dehydrated with elevated blood sugars. You can also remember “High and Dry”
Aortic and Pulmonic (A&P): 2 words, 2 spaces; these coincide in that they are both in the 2nd intercostal space. A is immediately to the right of the sternum, P is immediately to the left of the sternum. Erb’s point: Erb has 3 letters; you can find this point in the 3rd intercostal space (just to the left of the sternum), also the 3rd space to auscultate Tricuspid: 5th intercostal, just to the left of the sternum. Tri = 3, this is the fourth place to auscultate in the 5th intercostal space! Mitral: Mit sounds similar to mid.. Midclavicular area and straight down just below nipple line.
Gluten is a protein found in wheat, barley and rye. People with gluten allergies can be affected by even trace amount of gluten in foods. If they don’t feel good, they’ll furrow their BROW. Oats do not contain gluten, but they are often milled in the same factories as wheat. Always check food labels to make sure a product is gluten free.
The epiglottis is a flap of cartilage that covers the entrance to our airway when we swallow food. Inflammation of the epiglottis can close off the airway entirely.
These are six major causes for dyspnea. Pulmonary bronchial constriction prevents the passage of air into the lungs which contributes to dyspnea. (Possible) foreign bodies can become trapped or logged within the trachea restricting air flow. Pulmonary embolisms can prevent complete oxygenation of the blood in the alveoli due to restricted blood flow. Pneumothorax collapses the lung and prevents full expansion, restricting oxygenation. Pump failure refers to the heart not beating appropriately. If the heart is not perfusing the lungs than the lungs will be unable to oxygenate the blood. Pneumonia leads to poor lung ventilation as well.
The BRAT diet is a bland diet that is low in protein, fiber, and fat. It is thought to be easy on the GI tract and helpful to lesson diarrhea. It is not used commonly anymore because of the lack of protein in the diet.
This is one mnemonic that can help you remember the order of the twelve cranial nerves. Remember the Spinal Accessory nerve (CN XI) can also be called the “Accessory”
Cor pulmonale is an enlargement of the right side of the heart caused by a problem with the lungs or pulmonary vessels. This pneumonic represents the symptoms
Check for the 5 P’s in every neurovascular check. For example, when the patient has a cast, or had some sort of orthopedic or vascular procedure
A cholinergic crisis can occur if the body stops properly breaking down Acetylcholine. This can cause overactivity of Acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholine is part of Rest & Digest (Parasympathetic) – so we see overactive digestion and secretion.
These treatments used in conjunction will help in reducing the symptoms and complications associated with CHF.
This simple mnemonic helps to remember the order in which blood passes through the four heart valves in sequential order.
Cancer can sometimes be difficult to identify, but the earlier it is detected the better chance treatment will be effective.
If a patient is taking an anticoagulant to prevent blood clots there is increase risk for bleeding. Be careful with blades when shaving. Do not take aspirin as it interferes with blood clotting and can magnify the effect of the medication. Avoid excess needle sticks and protect the patient from injury.
The therapeutic management for a patient with asthma. Asthma is a spasming of the airways, which causes difficulty breathing.
Psoas sign is pain when a patient extends their thigh while lying on their side with knees extended. It indicates irritation to certain abdominal muscles.
McBurney’s sign is if there is deep tenderness at McBurney’s point, which is located on the right side of the abdomen, one-third the distance from the anterior superior iliac spine to the navel.
First look at the pH: if it is low it is acidosis, high indicates alkalosis. Second use the ROME mnemonic to determine if you have respiratory vs. metabolic. For Metabolic look at HCO3. For Respiratory, look at pCO2.
Metabolic Acidosis – pH Low, HCO3 Low. Metabolic Alkalosis – pH High, HCO3 High. Respiratory Acidosis – pH Low, pCO2 High. Respiratory Alkalosis – pH High, pCO2 Low.
There are many reasons why a patient may present with altered mental status. Neurological injury is not the only reason for AMS! Make sure you explore all possibilities.
The 5 A’s of Alzhemiers Disease. These signs point to a diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Type Dementia
There are three different adrenal gland hormones which can be remembered as the 3 Ss: sugar (glucocorticoids) affects glucose utilization, fat metabolism and aid in reducing inflammation. Salt (mineralcorticoids) plays a role in electrolyte regulation. Androgens are commonly referred to as sex hormones.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K are all fat soluble vitamins. Dogs get fat eating too much kibble
Steroids are an effective treatment for asthma, COPD, Crohn’s, Lupus and more. However,they have the potential for very serious side effects, which are indicated by the 6 S’s. Steroids can be taken by mouth, via an inhaler, topically, or via injection.
These four basic interventions can help to alleviate the symptoms of a sprain or a strain. A strain is excessive stretching of muscle. A sprain is excessive stretching of ligament.
These are the steps of the nursing process. Gather information, determine the problem and the best approach. Implement your interventions, and then evaluate! Never skip a step!!
These are the steps of the nursing process. Gather information, determine the problem and the best approach. Implement your interventions, and then evaluate! Never skip a step!!
The instrumental activities of daily living are used to determine a patient’s ability to carry out necessary functions for independent living. If they are unable to manage the activities below, they will likely require some sort of assistance from family or a home health agency, etc.
Use the mnemonic BEEP to remember minor bleeding precautions. Think – if the patient sees any bleeding, they’ll BEEP the call light!
When teaching a patient how to walk with a cane it is important to instruct them to keep the cane on the opposite side of the affected extremity.
When assessing a patient’s ability to care for him or herself at home we must assess their ability to complete activities of daily living. A patient’s ability to bath, walk, and toilet on their own will help us determine the level of care they will need when they leave the hospital.
Lidocaine is an anesthetic that prevents painful impulses from reaching the brain. These are signs that the patient may have had too much lidocaine (like buying in bulk)
The above drugs work in a variety of emergency settings, they are good drugs to LEAN on. Lidocaine can be used in emergency situations for ventricular arrhythmias. Epinephrine is a vital drug in the ACLS protocol. Atropine can be given with symptomatic bradycardia. Narcan is a reversal agent for opiate overdose.
Coumadin and ilosone: Ilosone can increase the effects of Coumadin, increase risk for bleeding. Coumadin and Dilantin: potential for increased effects of both. Coumadin and Dilantin: Increased Coumadin metabolism (decreased effect). Theophylline and Dilantin: if taken orally they can interfere with absorption of each other and decrease medication effect.
A cholinergic crisis can occur if the body stops properly breaking down Acetylcholine. This can cause overactivity of Acetylcholine at the neuromuscular junction. Acetylcholine is part of Rest & Digest (Parasympathetic) – so we see overactive digestion and secretion.
This refers to symptomatic bradycardia and hypotension. Bradycardia and hypotension are not necessarily adverse clinical findings requiring treatment in and of themselves.
Beta 1 adrenergic receptors are mostly found in the heart. Beta 2 adrenergic receptors are found in lungs, GI tract, vascular smooth muscle, skeletal muscle, liver. Beta 1 beta blockers act primarily on the heart. Beta 2 beta blockers act primarily on the lungs.
Alkalosis has a K, therefore it is Kicking the pH UP! | Acidosis has a D, therefore it is dropping the pH DOWN!
Potassium and sodium are the two most abundant cations in the body and have an inverse relationship in regards to intracellular and extracellular concentrations. Potassium is primarily located within the cell and sodium is primarily located outside the cell.
Hyponatremia is decreased levels of sodium in the blood. It can be caused by inadequate sodium or excess free water which leads to lower concentration of sodium. Sodium and potassium work together to allow depolarization of muscles. Low sodium levels can limit this ability and cause muscle weakness. Sodium in the blood helps maintain the oncotic pressure. If fluid leaves the blood vessels, it can lead to decreased blood pressure.
Hypokalemia is LOW potassium, which starts with L. So the 6 L’s can help you recognize the signs and symptoms of LOW potassium or hypokalemia
The BONES store the most calcium – remember these words that rhyme with BONES to help you remember possible signs and symptoms of hypercalcemia.
Normal serum sodium levels are 134-145 mmol/L. Hypernatremia is defined as a serum sodium level exceeding 145 mmol/L. Think “fried food is salty”. Hypernatremia can be caused by too much sodium in the blood, but it also is caused by too little free water in the body. You must first assess the patient’s volume status before knowing how to treat appropriately. Hypernatremia signs can be very subtle, with changes in the level of consciousness typically being the earliest indicator. Sodium is closely related to blood pressure and blood volume. It is also necessary for muscle and nerve function.
Picture type O as a huge circle, like the universe, because they are the universal donor. They can give to everyone. However, also think of them as the “odd man out” because they can only receive type O as well. They are universally odd, able to give to all but only receive from themselves!